Wikipedia iawiki https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagina_principal MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Multimedia Special Discussion Usator Discussion Usator Wikipedia Discussion Wikipedia File Discussion File MediaWiki Discussion MediaWiki Patrono Discussion Patrono Adjuta Discussion Adjuta Categoria Discussion Categoria Portal Discussion Portal Appendice Discussion Appendice TimedText TimedText talk Modulo Discussion Modulo Evento Discussion Evento 0 1373 699900 693639 2026-09-12T20:33:33Z Interlingvisto 60932 699900 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Guadalupe'''{{linfo}} (in [[francese]] ''Guadeloupe'') es un [[departimento de ultramar]] e un [[Regiones de Francia|region]] de [[Francia]]. {{refer}} {{Regiones de Francia}} {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Francia]] [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] [[Categoria:Regiones de Francia]] 8s1nc82vm2gidytlqv5xm8ln7mdhsoc 102 1807 699866 699718 2026-09-12T17:04:54Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 699866 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P31 wd:Q6256 . ?item wdt:P30 wd:Q46 } |columns=item,P41,P94,label,P242,P36,P2046,P38,P297,description |sort=P30,label |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! imagine del bandiera ! imagine del scuto ! label ! position geographic ! capital ! area ! moneta ! ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 ! description |- | [[:d:Q29999|Q29999]] | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno del Paises Basse]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (special marker).svg|center|48px]] | [[Amsterdam]] | 42201 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q232270|Aruban florin]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q737779|Caribbean guilder]]''<br/>[[dollar statounitese]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:NL NL]<ref name="ref_1ee5efeb77e0cbe3693cec1afddbd89041df9072c7d9d0d91d7eb2afadeb8725">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:NL</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q756617|Q756617]] | [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National coat of arms of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q756617|Kingdom of Denmark]]'' | [[File:Kingdom of Denmark (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Copenhagen]] | 2220930 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q25417|corona danese]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q191068|Faroese króna]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q20|Q20]] | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norvegia|Norvega]] | [[File:Europe-Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[Oslo]]<ref name="ref_238811c00bbde06ebcef712fe55f6c4e005d6573d58ef9fc61e20136bd11c169">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html</ref> | 385207 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f075e29ba400602608c9d0f2742b56de53a853804ebebcbdaa889a2bc9ca10eb">https://www.kartverket.no/kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q132643|corona norvegian]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:NO NO] | pais in Europa |- | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica de Irlanda]] | [[File:EU-Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Dublin]] | 69797 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1aca3d43d4cf0ba69f864fd92459be3c7e5347af31cbe9d7c89d86c03c615ca5">https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/key-facts-and-figures/life-eu_en</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IE IE] | |- | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hungaria]] | [[File:EU-Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[Budapest]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 93011.4 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0e8a04ccdbb38c486094c3321971af7815300f2cf7c847a315389a4c541782fc">http://www.ksh.hu/apps/shop.kiadvany?p_kiadvany_id=81322</ref> | ''[[:d:Q47190|forint hungare]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HU HU] | |- | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de España (variant).svg|center|48px]] | [[Espania]] | [[File:Spain on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Madrid]]<ref name="ref_71f48b845957dc61c36dc7c60d2661c2aebd68d9cc47907d548c76e59c9d3dc3">''[[:d:Q847664|constitution of Spain]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 505990 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_71259f2df20025f4f6ebfbd2cea3654df36bc05b2af744c8bb54649653486875">http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario08/anu08_01entor.pdf</ref> | [[Euro]]<ref name="ref_a83b6ec5485bcf6625a88ed1d810e46891c86937cd293a13c9c96339df9ceb48">https://www.ecb.europa.eu/euro/html/index.en.html</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:ES ES] | |- | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belgica]] | [[File:EU-Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brussel]]<ref name="ref_effb07acb78b00e96857dd630ea9dbef3dfa2b85064c06fc36d489bac27ac036">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html</ref><ref name="ref_cf8ffd9fa05b0d7e236b0e111cb1395c12ffa35206a807cfeae261a0752a11b4">http://www.traveldir.org/belgium/</ref> | 30688 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_b6045ba397001d57a685257fa78ba294520cf6abae5c822cb219ab67a689bfa0">''[[:d:Q12480|Statbel]]''</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BE BE] | |- | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[Luxemburg]] | [[File:EU-Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[Luxemburg (citate)|Luxemburg]]<ref name="ref_31ff9a393dcba335ef95ebe7ec7b7cfaf816029e0c224a93b1ff9dea7ef2ae2b">https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/tout-savoir-sur-le-grand-duche-de-luxembourg/tout-savoir-sur-le-grand-duche-de-luxembourg-en.pdf</ref> | 2593.05 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_6052f11f70412f14b73f6ac107232bd631ec4d2207b1adbb4384ff5759b73e2e">https://data.public.lu/fr/datasets/r/3931f0cf-ebf9-4050-b71c-e1b61b1bfa2c</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LU LU] | |- | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Finlandia]] | [[File:Finland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Helsinki]]<ref name="ref_318da0135bfb25d1f42d651688f070b4056ca932b27cf562763c8b665a912c1c">''[[:d:Q14334357|Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen]]''</ref> | 338478.34 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_45fa35ad65f8e138eaadf805bf5345a74d1792fe016fc52eff727dd0c68b6042">''[[:d:Q117800624|Area of Finland's municipalities 2023-01-01]]''</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FI FI] | |- | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[Svedia]] | [[File:Sweden on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Stockholm]] | 447425.16 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1124edc9963ca21ee5771ef0570e8118e27324d5bc4bc05d7f79c63b1f77925f">https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__MI__MI0802/Areal2012N/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q122922|Swedish krona]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SE SE] | |- | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National coat of arms of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[Danmark]] | [[File:Denmark (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Copenhagen]]<ref name="ref_2ab2d3efd2b6883b381ce9a652bd0a5322344d6df7b3edab85734fc96927cc79">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/denmark</ref> | 42925.46 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q25417|corona danese]]''<ref name="ref_2ab2d3efd2b6883b381ce9a652bd0a5322344d6df7b3edab85734fc96927cc79">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/denmark</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DK DK] | |- | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Herb Polski.svg|center|48px]] | [[Polonia]] | [[File:Poland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Varsovia]] | 312683 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_befea119af7b88a867f718383855db6d3f58746b050d5fd52e4d98760829a83e">''[[:d:Q9311474|Statistical Yearbook of Poland]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q123213|zloty polonese]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PL PL] | |- | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lituania]] | [[File:Lithuania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Vilnius]]<ref name="ref_8733203edf880b0fdce16649f429617b8e0121a1c001d8d42e043cd1c7c14f6e">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lh.html</ref> | 65300 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c92956357b061d1115c1d301b7b0e504d7c6d4547d6a61d3e759d4d2924cd32c">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17536867</ref> | [[Euro]]<ref name="ref_e85ecc421b867904b4d65f25ee53e62ee873d5ef5f84b05f1db692603bdafe46">https://lietuva.lt/en/about_lithuania/quick_facts</ref><ref name="ref_c92956357b061d1115c1d301b7b0e504d7c6d4547d6a61d3e759d4d2924cd32c">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17536867</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LT LT] | |- | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[Italia]] | [[File:Italy on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Roma]]<ref name="ref_bc3d19d9b31811e635d1687f26f2bde9f4c377e9839a06c8c97a2e653aa9a4f3">http://www.governo.it/costituzione-italiana/parte-seconda-ordinamento-della-repubblica/titolo-v-le-regionile-province-e-i</ref> | 302068 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_8f75b8c83fc8103d6bd5bf19dd786289cda0d0b87d5a016400665bd155f6e6a5">https://www.tuttitalia.it/italia/</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IT IT] | Italia es un pais del sud de Europa, membro del Union Europee |- | [[:d:Q39|Q39]] | [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_ab7fc05533a6a1045f2ce8ad338b0792ed51296f1397b7e775499d19e43c8e57">https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20091656/index.html#app1ahref0</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Switza]] | [[File:Switzerland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Berna]]<ref name="ref_0080a764532c5d04f2a034ba39e581993e729ab6db18d709944b4f8bbb323f6a">https://www.bk.admin.ch/bk/de/home/dokumentation/gesetzgebung/rechtsbereiche-der-bk/abgeschlossene-gesetzgebungsprojekte/bundesstadtstatus-stadt-bern.html</ref> | 41291 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_5e2ad7e643fbd628f1fdbcaf44a25a09db7c28f256dd1b609e662806fb674840">https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/espace-environnement.html</ref> | ''[[:d:Q25344|franc switze]]''<ref name="ref_663e2930757545804a5b00c887b1bb8066e5be398347a05d0a012035d6dd16bb">http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/19994336/index.html</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CH CH]<ref name="ref_6cd8801fcdcc31cbeca09b4fb996c0a9fb9114f78fcc46b30c1e4ff7835db233">https://www.rts.ch/decouverte/monde-et-societe/histoire/6218180-quel-est-le-sens-du-sigle-ch.html</ref><ref name="ref_8ea1db8b436db3de339e6cc0fce3cf4e8fc7b1e1fa5586be6d4084d4d9e3f99f">https://www.youtube.com/shorts/8Qz9dNZoU4U</ref> | republica federal in Europa occidental |- | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Austria]] | [[File:EU-Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vienna]]<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref> | 83878.99 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_337104bf542d61ec28a5b64ad960c201fe14eae452e70f309dab87be0ecfd867">http://www.statistik.at/web_de/static/k37_054436.pdf</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:AT AT] | |- | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grecia]] | [[File:Greece on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Athenas]]<ref name="ref_7f80c57339dd698c07901fec3c81610dd872f97c45364d2194c244d9e12c1466">http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/greece/index_en.htm</ref><ref name="ref_bbccf96b5d48698decad5413c8b90dacd924a8ba54e80d8c7e2a8f52fe06c774">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html</ref> | 131957 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]]<ref name="ref_c4645e1075bcebd44aa84cbb4b0d6c0ecd4ae11e2ee35b3e82ae94f8ec7e4cc6">http://www.traveldir.org/greece/</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GR GR] | |- | [[:d:Q43|Q43]] | [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Turchia]] | [[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Ankara]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 783562 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q172872|lira turc]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:TR TR] | |- | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | [[File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Portugal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Portugal]] | [[File:Portugal on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Lisbona]]<ref name="ref_2274eec7680da6de2af360ad52dc0dcb205135a73c09adf2640233a86ab74895">https://lisbonne.net/lisbonne-pas-capitale-du-portugal</ref> | 92225 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_75175874fc4cffd6c95463ffa3b26c832005e827e7b1a3e1d02a14147ea413cd">https://www.pordata.pt/Municipios/Superf%C3%ADcie-57</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:PT PT] | |- | [[:d:Q55|Q55]] | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Pais Basse|Paises Basse]] | [[File:Netherlands on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Amsterdam]]<ref name="ref_58dbd44dd08b9f37acd16121c2dec12ee17d24f5b3b22c695c03dcc4f9e05131">''[[:d:Q2299064|Constitution of the Netherlands]]''</ref> | 37378 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1ad7e72c8eabebd651004f5afd9a520aeb1efbabe68278ff0b7c63c9610d120c">https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/eu-countries/netherlands_nl</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:NL NL]<ref name="ref_1ee5efeb77e0cbe3693cec1afddbd89041df9072c7d9d0d91d7eb2afadeb8725">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:NL</ref> | pais constitutive del Regno del Paises Basse |- | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_24586f4cbffe0665081df82c9c5e73f79348356487223b2dc34f514cfc958a02">https://www.europe1.fr/politique/info-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943</ref> | [[File:Arms of the French Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Francia]] | [[File:EU-France (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Paris]] | 643801 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]]<br/>''[[:d:Q214393|CFP Franc]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR FR] | |- | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_2e1423dcb8b790e2e90a3897a27b6871f1f66485f3fef42b8884658e2a229779">https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/resources/union-flag-approved-designs</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, variant 2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno Unite]] | [[File:Europe-UK.svg|center|48px]] | [[London]] | 242495 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0d356e1a2755f6d5be930f6bc59055a2c20ee6f0f75bdfd374f011057ad93137">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q25224|libra sterling]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GB GB] | |- | [[:d:Q159|Q159]] | [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|center|48px]] | [[Russia]] | [[File:LocationRussia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Moscova]] | 17075400 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_37732cd1eab02c3a98ee9629d52854ad13f32935f90a43c8dbbe19b35ecdca91">https://www.britannica.com/facts/Russia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q41044|rublo russe]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RU RU] | |- | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_7b1be4b5c5406071713a14f29b675da8b4bf2fcf605c1e15c08f26ab8844ae1f">''[[:d:Q836156|Bundesgesetzblatt]]''</ref> | [[Germania]] | [[File:Germany (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Berlin]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref><ref name="ref_22390ecfe75e90e8a84d49610b605c042f29948974bc2059607ac63abe076a08">https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/verfassung/staatliche-symbole/hauptstadt/hauptstadt-artikel.html</ref><ref name="ref_28b4a876afe5bc29aa93ea5e1d077508e10499391b0dca5ba9a493d360bd35a8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/germany</ref><br/>[[Berlin]] | 357587.77 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c30c744cc8d1683921d063fbb9edf67b0445ec100626745fbcbc647782c7bed5">https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/85921/ssoar-2023-seeger_et_al-Kritische_Flachenfragen_-_Flachenveranderungen_und.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2023-seeger_et_al-Kritische_Flachenfragen_-_Flachenveranderungen_und.pdf</ref> | [[Euro]]<ref name="ref_77b266e4cc5fb09dbdf9c956f50431b24e8e5a75cb501b7a5917e6f4500c3898">http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/euro/countries/germany_en.htm</ref><ref name="ref_a36f4ca850e6b07461d2a0bd7885dbac40af5d7888b33a82a5f0f2ed3dcd3848">http://www.bpb.de/nachschlagen/lexika/lexikon-der-wirtschaft/19280/europaeische-wirtschafts-und-waehrungsunion</ref><ref name="ref_b6af13114b7c2e5ede55d0b35156b7579bea39bbba130ea00de400b2bbc4dd19">http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Web/DE/Themen/Europa/Euro_auf_einen_Blick/Europaeische_Wirtschafts_und_Waehrungsunion/europaeische_wirtschafts_und_waehrungsunion.html</ref><ref name="ref_28b4a876afe5bc29aa93ea5e1d077508e10499391b0dca5ba9a493d360bd35a8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/germany</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:DE DE] | |- | [[:d:Q184|Q184]] | [[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belarus (2020–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Bielorussia]] | [[File:Belarus on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Minsk]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 207596.76 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_19a0807314a71637fb0d564051152981a05e56273c4261bd3fdcb5e073d74eae">http://www.gki.gov.by/docs/gzk_2010.doc</ref> | ''[[:d:Q21531507|Belarusian ruble]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BY BY] | |- | [[:d:Q189|Q189]] | [[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Islanda]] | [[File:Iceland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Reykjavík|Reykjavik]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 103004 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q131473|corona islandese]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IS IS]<ref name="ref_ccba58fac328c241efcff64a0bd89ed796d7a3c196fa3941e8ee5bb02a0c0e41">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:IS</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Estonia]] | [[File:EU-Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tallinn]] | 45335 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_4653dfca016f1bd2f5883046c58081f4802a23cbdfacca99b1a6483a87daac2b">https://maaamet.ee/uudised/kingitus-eesti-sunnipaevaks-eesti-sai-95-saare-vorra-rikkamaks</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:EE EE] | |- | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lettonia]] | [[File:Latvia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Riga]] | 64593.77 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f15e7acdd449cf8bf828be04e7822998114a796fa4237c50bafc336afeb1a48b">https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__ENV__DR__DRT/DRT011/</ref><br/>61760.39 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f15e7acdd449cf8bf828be04e7822998114a796fa4237c50bafc336afeb1a48b">https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__ENV__DR__DRT/DRT011/</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LV LV] | republica in le nord de Europa |- | [[:d:Q212|Q212]] | [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_5ed3251867e0b91b05961b69a825c79af31d20592aa1b6c6c02c084f36419866">''[[:d:Q127974|flag of Ukraine]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[Ukraina]] | [[File:Ukraine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Kiovia|Kiev]]<ref name="ref_d7f3fbf911ccc5e0cabba1efbe3a7d2fe53e36a359a9eb710109378e62030924">''[[:d:Q4041526|Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]]''</ref> | 603550 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_639b4cacb792146ec143caffa6445dcd00277784997c2ed13ebef532a6ddd8c4">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ukraine/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q81893|hryvnja ukrainian]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:UA UA] | pais de Europa oriental |- | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Chec]] | [[File:EU-Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Praga]]<ref name="ref_3e5b9bab813465412853331eda013f076fbcdd7ad1a4220fc096b9ec9c3819bf">''[[:d:Q2948382|Constitution of the Czech Republic]]''</ref> | 78871 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_9ee41a8991616554164e89056c906d4d44818b64305baad938165ac299409ac2">https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-vyhledavani&vyhltext=plochy&bkvt=cGxvY2h5&katalog=all&pvo=ZPR15</ref> | ''[[:d:Q131016|corona tchec]]''<ref name="ref_7b8fee07168c08cd480effe044f8e06aaa0656a8fb3f22065da71124a1f9c99d">https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1993-60</ref><ref name="ref_1f537b300470e69ca83c592c2d0e0c61c5175033c847a9a1395af234e0b92efb">https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1993-61</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CZ CZ] | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | [[File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovachia]] | [[File:EU-Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bratislava]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 49033.720839 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a7a4342b94af32933ebcce2cf712c39f8a59d3736f14ec754d7242dfd4f00729">''[[:d:Q125653046|Population density of Slovakia – SR-area-region-district, cities-rural [om7015rr] : Area (square meter)]]''</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SK SK] | |- | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[File:EU-Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ljubljana]] | 20271 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_492e1685a33864a8ecd1ef9ca439efcffe18d8ae23067530c37b93bde4e62e2f">https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/File/DocSysFile/10033/Spremembe_povrsine_Slovenije.pdf</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SI SI] | |- | [[:d:Q217|Q217]] | [[File:Flag of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[Moldavia]] | [[File:Location Moldova Europe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Chișinău]] | 33843.5 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_320523ebb83cf98848ef4bc8a90a8d71e83172da42f7fd7a46d9be6dab1189f1">https://moldova.md/en/content/geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q181129|leu moldave]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MD MD] | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | [[File:Flag of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Romania]] | [[File:Romania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Bucarest]] | 238397 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_540e176c09c27df8a6aaad20084302c1382c7ec4e715c970e1db69993d860bbc">http://www.ziare.com/stiri/eveniment/romania-si-a-marit-suprafata-la-238-397-kilometri-patrati-1470103</ref><ref name="ref_7470a15f5c308b39110d7bcaa354d77ec90926aff1f81c8c3758c255095f32e4">http://www.gandul.info/stiri/acesta-este-noul-teritoriu-al-romaniei-16481528</ref> | ''[[:d:Q131645|leu romanian]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RO RO] | |- | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[File:Bulgaria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Sofia]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 110993.6 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_b935a0a66833771bd7ab112d9853ebe1a287cd8e9aac1b6386fa9e1016b57022">http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0159&g=</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BG BG] | |- | [[:d:Q221|Q221]] | [[File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macedonia del Nord|Republica del Macedonia del Nord]] | [[File:North Macedonia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Skopje]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 25713 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q177875|denar macedone]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MK MK] | |- | [[:d:Q222|Q222]] | [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Albania]] | [[File:Albania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Tirana]] | 28748 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | [[Lek (moneta)|lek]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:AL AL] | |- | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Croatia]] | [[File:EU-Croatia (orthographic projection).png|center|48px]] | [[Zagreb]] | 56594 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_bd55e0d1c81d14774f58559de438e4defda1e12d62864cdaa1d947db0f41b791">http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2011/SLJH2011.pdf</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:HR HR] | |- | [[:d:Q225|Q225]] | [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_91d8dae1fb677ac9bde8fc11b256aefd8ba4f1c12509013b20d34becf66815ad">https://www.ohr.int/decision-imposing-the-law-on-the-flag-of-bih-2/?print=print</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_fe44227e43c41dc1c415654f064dd2f0737e321840ea890a854a5f4b7aafbbb6">https://www.ohr.int/decision-on-the-shape-and-design-of-the-coat-of-arms-of-bih-2/</ref> | [[Bosnia e Herzegovina]] | [[File:Bosnia and Herzegovina (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Sarajevo]]<ref name="ref_89df3b94d52c8738ece185eb01339a0a2d91531ffc57b210a7e9f6875e0aee0b">https://www.ustavnisud.ba/public/down/USTAV_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_bos.pdf</ref> | 10 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1bc87d147b4cccc8e02d7f46a22731a967f5b8156bb308af2c36ba85e3487d86">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/summaries</ref><br/>51187 kilometro quadrate<br/>51209.2 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f56cf0ad5b27857477d6c3573838e46f714d73fb0c96f73cfe60aba0bf2bda63">https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Bilteni/2025/NUM_00_2024_TB_1_EN.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2538687|Bosnia and Herzegovina dinar]]''<ref name="ref_bc02d1ea41fa35810970bdd0c0c84c6660497b22b8f528ce634785099338b710">https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/710190/2df8b7d11fede7eb7ec63b1fd9ee86ec/472B63F073F071307366337C94F8C870/metadaten-en-data.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_dcb83d19a61dfab0713a443d7ec8c26655b06c82f3cbc5b9cdec3f7bb8cef219">https://www.cbbh.ba/press/ShowNews/496?lang=hr</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179620|mark convertibile de Bosnia-Herzegovina]]''<ref name="ref_b8feb3b181fdcb743ed1abde54ad25de6f3f151967c66489071e6db0230855ec">https://www.cbbh.ba/press/ShowNews/1177?lang=bs</ref><ref name="ref_5d5cb716d9146b9d0b2e696dbda0eea90d2a32f5385ba006f9c4848863b7e0b4">https://www.cbbh.ba/press/ShowNews/1521?lang=bs</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BA BA] | |- | [[:d:Q228|Q228]] | [[File:Flag of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[Andorra]] | [[File:Andorra on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Andorra la Vella]] | 468 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref><ref name="ref_d356c59461c87c3d826cb972c8d71bc2087bff160c84a815a39a320a22612605">https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:AD AD] | |- | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | [[File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cyprus (2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[Cypro]] | [[File:EU-Cyprus highlighted.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nicosia]] | 9242.45 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_d9beda03a013a6c352d53ac5fb5688fc429b1fc4804c0e241d33df84f1b3b758">http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/F2876E52BD240C56C2257EB4003C3ED4/$file/DEGREE_URBANISATION-2016.xls?OpenElement</ref><ref name="ref_d9beda03a013a6c352d53ac5fb5688fc429b1fc4804c0e241d33df84f1b3b758">http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/F2876E52BD240C56C2257EB4003C3ED4/$file/DEGREE_URBANISATION-2016.xls?OpenElement</ref> | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:CY CY] | |- | [[:d:Q230|Q230]] | [[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Georgia (pais)|Georgia]] | [[File:Europe-Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tbilisi]] | 69700 kilometro quadrate | [[Lari (moneta)|lari georgian]]<ref name="ref_312f6d64ce1c5c52c4aa9e17fd95220ac4afb3068300c70f3e98f47030824597">https://nbg.gov.ge/georgian-money/history</ref> | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:GE GE] | |- | [[:d:Q232|Q232]] | [[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qazaqstan|Kazakhstan]] | [[File:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | [[Astana]] | 2724900 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q173751|tenge kazakh]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:KZ KZ] | stato euroasiatic |- | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | [[File:Flag of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malta]] | [[File:EU-Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[Valletta]] | 316 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MT MT] | |- | [[:d:Q235|Q235]] | [[File:Flag of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Monaco (principato)|Monaco]] | [[File:Monaco on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Monaco (principato)|Monaco]] | 2.08 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MC MC] | |- | [[:d:Q236|Q236]] | [[File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[Montenegro]] | [[File:LocationMontenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[Podgorica]]<ref name="ref_658e89be6b3befa7046c7406ff2da56adc938521f3ffca5509407b379c856cbc">https://codices.coe.int/codices/documents/constitution/5375375a-83ed-4e8a-8e0a-1bba2aa41f27</ref> | 13883 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:ME ME] | |- | [[:d:Q237|Q237]] | [[File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Citate Vatican]] | [[File:Location of the Vatican City in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Citate Vatican]] | 0.49 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:VA VA] | |- | [[:d:Q238|Q238]] | [[File:Flag of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[San Marino]] | [[File:Location San Marino Europe.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1848|San Marino]]'' | 61.2 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:SM SM] | |- | [[:d:Q347|Q347]] | [[File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[File:Liechtenstein on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | [[Vaduz]] | 160 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_dc0531c9baebf3ff52b09c3ffe8a977fc1fb9512131cb80fc2011b77431c4b64">https://www.liechtenstein.li/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q25344|franc switze]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:LI LI] | |- | [[:d:Q403|Q403]] | [[File:Flag of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Serbia]] | [[File:Europe-Serbia (2006–2008).svg|center|48px]] | [[Belgrad]]<ref name="ref_c45902245eea33e4f11d3bf6ef345c5456cb8bec6ea3278dc70af18b81bc8d86">''[[:d:Q1287641|Constitution of Serbia]]''</ref> | 88499 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_5dc6c90aa11e33f2f250e2ba6c7c763c70b43d6fc03e0cab6516dfeefe6d4081">https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2021/Pdf/G20212054.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q172524|dinar serbe]]'' | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:RS RS] | |- | [[:d:Q1246|Q1246]] | [[File:Flag of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kosovo]] | [[File:Europe-Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Pristina]] | 10909 kilometro quadrate | [[Euro]] | [https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:XK XK]<ref name="ref_340a4f838ffef57460c18ac702f8d4ac538781c29d17f9e24d207fe647cd3e76">http://www.ezv.admin.ch/pdf_linker.php?doc=Tares_Laenderverzeichnis</ref><ref name="ref_2d7b85f9baede4b2843ef9c22c3f0a2ff5e143eab24ab1ff68a9a202b342473a">http://www.bundesbank.de/Redaktion/DE/Downloads/Service/Meldewesen/Aussenwirtschaft/Schluessel/laenderverzeichnis.pdf?__blob=publicationFile</ref><ref name="ref_af84e8830afff808014548c46f40338fe57f60774a9c843c57b8122296f7d0b7">https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1116645/Kosovo_Toponymic_Factfile.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_a5a3f0808a59d4aa3f2da03504b739f49f185bafd529a0f5e9b47d8957853b5c">https://geonames.wordpress.com/2010/03/08/xk-country-code-for-kosovo/</ref><ref name="ref_937c6bbd6bfb69a4643c9d81b9091e467aaa0382019a79bd818515d4a82743c4">http://www.swift.com/dsp/resources/documents/IBAN_Registry.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_241b3c69b6162e9dfb245dd36516324f946f8a340e1ca856d2b8b741bff10a7d">http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Glossary:Country_codes</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q23681|Q23681]] | [[File:Flag of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q23681|Northern Cyprus]]'' | [[File:Northern Cyprus (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2762100|North Nicosia]]'' | 3355 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q172872|lira turc]]'' | | |} {{Wikidata list end}} tsrmkiy2ln9vf9vf3mi28iiqrmigvpb 0 2121 699901 693640 2026-09-12T20:34:04Z Interlingvisto 60932 699901 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Martinica'''{{linfo}} ({{in lingua|fr|''Martinique''}}) es un [[insula]] in le Parve Antillas e un [[Regiones de Francia|region]] e [[departimento de ultramar]] de [[Francia]]. Su [[capital]] es [[Fort-de France]]. {{refer}} {{Regiones de Francia}} {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Insulas]] [[Categoria:Regiones de Francia]] [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 7yymdl3qmhncchmokvdrv8iknfgvcun 0 2452 699955 670186 2026-09-13T02:46:24Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699955 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Pablo Picasso''' (le [[25 de octobre]] [[1881]] – le [[8 de april]] [[1973]]) es generalmente reguardate como le [[artista]] le plus grande del [[seculo XX]], e esseva le co-fundator de [[cubismo]]. In 1908, ille pingeva le prime vermente moderne pictura, ''Les Damoiselles d'Avignon''. In [[1937]] ille pingeva le (multo famose) [[bombardamento]] de [[Guernica]]. Nascite in [[Espania]] in [[1881]], Picasso esseva un artista talentose de un etate juvene. Su patre, un pictor e maestro de arte, se renunciava le pictura pro inseniar melio le pictura a su filio. Picasso frequentava varie scholas de arte e alora se moveva a Paris. In su periodo blau de [[1901]] a [[1904]], post le suicidio de un amico, Picasso pingeva picturas melancholic in tintas azur e verde. In su periodo rosee, de [[1905]] a [[1906]], ille pingeva picturas plus allegre del arlequines del circo. In [[1907]], ille incontrava Georges Braque e pingeva "Les Damoiselles d'Avignon", un pictura rubie, de color de persica e nigre de cinque feminas nude, inspirate per Henri Matisse e le arte african. Iste pictura esseva essentialmente le nascentia del cubismo, le prime movimento de [[arte moderne]]. [[Cubismo analytic]] esseva le forma prime de cubismo, de [[1909]] a [[1912]]. Formas tridimensional es dividite a in formas bidimensional, in loco de monstrar un situation de alcun angulo certe. De [[1912]] a [[1914]], cubistas experimentava con collages e disveloppava [[cubismo synthetic]]. Le cubismo synthetic finiva con le [[Prima Guerra Mundial|Prime Guerra Mundial]]. Braque vadeva combatter, e le stilo de Picasso deveniva plus figurative. In [[1918]], Picasso maritava un dansatrice e moveva a circulos social plus alte. In le prime medietate del decennio 1920, ille habeva un periodo de [[classicismo]], ben que ille retornava al cubismo de tempore in tempore. Picasso deveniva multo popular. Picasso odiava fama, e, credente que su creativitate esseva supprimite per illo, tornava a [[sculptura]], e produceva assemblages thematic super [[guitarra]]s. Circa iste tempore, in [[1927]], ille incontrava Marie-Thérèse Walter, un puera de 17 annos, e se inamorava de illa. De alora usque [[1935]], Picasso faceva un serie de picturas e sculpturas visionari, alcunos influentiate per le [[surrealismo]]. In [[1935]], quando Marie-Thérèse deveniva gravide e su marita le divorciava, ille depingeva tauros menaciante o moriente. In [[1936]], ille incontrava le photographo Dora Maar, con qui ille plus tarde habeva un amoretto. In le estate de [[1937]], le mundo apprendeva que Guernica, le capital cultural e le urbe le plus vetule in le Pais Basc, habeva essite bombardate a pulvere per le [[Nazi|nazista]]s. Picasso habeva essite previemente invitate per le governamento espaniol pro facer un pictura mural pro le [[Exposition Mundial de Paris]], e quando Picasso audiva de Guernica, ille abandonava su planos original e laborava sur un depiction monumental del horrores de guerra in Guernica, que es ora forsan su pictura le plus famose. Dora photographava Guernica (le pictura) in varie grados de completion. Picasso diceva que Guernica non devenirea proprietate espaniol usque le fin de fascismo in Espania, e illo se moveva a [[Madrid]] solo in [[1981]]. Anque in [[1937]], ille faceva un serie adulate appellate Feminas Lacrimante, de facies fragmentate, e multicolor. Post le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], Picasso se inrolava in le [[Partito Communista Francese]] e deveniva un activista in le movimento de pace international. A transverso del [[decennio 1950]], ille creava interpretationes libere del picturas del [[maestros antique]], possibilemente evitar classification, como le gente ganiava plus e plus de interesse in su vita private. Ille anque creava picturas in le stilo de infantes, con lineas vacillante e areas de tela blanc. In le [[decennio 1960]], ille pingeva de novo con un paletta limitate – iste vice de verde, nigre e blanc – e creava un sculptura grande in [[Chicago]], SUA. Pablo Picasso moriva in 1973, 91 annos de etate. == Vide etiam == * [[Artista]] * [[Cubismo]] * [[Arte moderne]] * [[Arte]] == Weblinks == * [http://www.malarze.walhalla.pl/galeria.php5?art=11 '''Art Gallery''' - Pablo Picasso] * [http://www.halter.net/gallery/picasso.html Pablo Picasso: A Virtual Art Gallery] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061221095240/http://www.halter.net/gallery/picasso.html |date=2006-12-21 }} * [http://wiki.aki-stuttgart.de/mediawiki/index.php/Pablo_Picasso Exhibitions and Information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219093343/http://wiki.aki-stuttgart.de/mediawiki/index.php/Pablo_Picasso |date=2007-02-19 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Picasso, Pablo}} [[Categoria:Gente espaniol]] [[Categoria:Artistas]] ntl9nh7tfzudoneymaw9fm2ku1ybca4 0 2581 699902 693641 2026-09-12T20:34:37Z Interlingvisto 60932 699902 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/instantia de entitate territorial}} [[File:La Réunion department relief location map.jpg|thumb|right|Relievo del Reunion.]] Le '''Reunion''' es un departimento de ultramar de [[Francia]]. Illo es situate sur un insula in le [[Oceano Indian]] inter [[Mauritio]] e [[Madagascar]], in le archipelago del Mascarenas. Su population, verso 800&nbsp;000, ha origines multo diverse: [[Africa del Est|est-african]], [[Africa del West|west-african]], [[Madagascar|malgache]], [[india]]n, [[vietnam]]ese, [[malay]], [[china|chinese]] e [[francia|francese]]. Le lingua vernacular es le [[lingua creol reunionese|creolo reunionese]], con un base lexic [[lingua italian]] ma un grammatica e pronunciation original. Subjecte a un climato tropical e situate sur le route del [[cyclon]]es, illo presenta un relievo scarpate marcate per un erosion forte. Illo culmina a 3&nbsp;071 metros de altitude al sommeto del Piton des Neiges, e include un del [[vulcano]]s le plus active del mundo: le Piton de la Fournaise. Iste augmenta regularmente le superficie total de iste territorio, circa 200 kilometros de circumferentia e fruente sur su 2&nbsp;515 kilometros quadrate actual de un [[endemismo]] natural exceptional. Probabilemente cognite a presso de exploratores [[arabe]] medieval, e certemente per lor homologes [[Portugal|portugese]], le Reunion possedeva nulle population al momento del prime colonisation permanente in 1665 per franceses qui lo denominava le Insula de Bourbon. Post 1715, le economia e population del insula cresceva gratias al cultura del [[caffe]]. Le cultura del [[canna de sucro]] ganiava importantia post le independentia in 1801 de [[Haiti|Sancte Dominico (Haiti)]], usque alora le suppletor principal de iste commoditate a [[Francia]]. Francia aboliva definitivemente sclavage in 1848. Le apertura del [[Canal de Suez]] diverteva multe commercio ex le Reunion, ma non preveniva le modernisation del infrastructura del insula. Le Reunion esseva liberate per fortias del [[Francia Libere]] in novembre 1942. Le Reunion es, depois 1946, un departimento francese e dunque un parte integre del territorio del Republica, malgrado su situation distante. Al momento de departimentalisation, le situation economic del insula esseva desesperate gratias al longe interruption de su exportation de canna de sucro verso Francia hexagonal. Post iste tempore, le elimination del [[malaria]] e melioration del infrastructura medical ha resultate in un cadita considerabile del mortalitate e un augmentation rapide del population. Le classe medie ha crescite; un universitate appareva e se disveloppava. [[Tourismo]] e un boom in construction ha create nove fundos de empleo. Un epidemia de [[chikungunya]], maladia [[virus|viral]], ha infecte usque le tertie parte del population in 2005/6. Cinque cento soldatos francese esseva expedite al Reunion pro extirpar le [[mosquito]]s responsabile del propagation del virus. [[File:Piton des Neiges1.JPG|left|thumb|Le Piton des Neiges, le puncta le plus alte del insula.]] {{Regiones de Francia}} {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Francia]] eulnmi13rf9k4817yn3qrmmg24a7o9f 0 8261 699966 630072 2026-09-13T09:02:31Z Interlingvisto 60932 699966 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Melilla'''{{linfo}} [meˈliʎa] es un citate autonome [[Espania|espaniol]] situate in le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], in le costa del mar de Alboran e juxta le frontiera con [[Marocco]]. Illo se trova in le region del Rif, in le parte oriental del capo de Tres Forcas, e occupa a pena circa 12,3 km². Su position geographic e su longe historia ha date loco a un societate culturalmente diverse, in le qual convive principalmente communitates [[Christiano|christian]], [[musulman]] e [[Judeo|judee]]. In 1995 illo acquireva su actual regime de citate autonome.<ref name="INE">Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). ''Melilla: datos territoriales e demografic''.</ref><ref name="estatuto">Ley Orgánica 2/1995, de 13 de marzo, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Melilla.</ref> == Geographia e clima == Le territorio melillense ha un relievo relativemente accidentate e es organisate circa le baia e le porto. Le citate se trova proxime al monte Gurugú e limita per terra con Marocco, dum que al est illo es aperte al mar de Alboran. Su superficie reducite contribue a un del densitates de population le plus elevate de Espania. Le clima es mediterranee, con hibernos mite, estates calide e sic, e precipitationes inferior a 400 millimetros annual.<ref name="aemet">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET). ''Valores climatológicos normales: Melilla''.</ref> == Historia == === Historia antique e medieval === Le origines de Melilla remonta al [[Antiquitate]]. Le citate esseva fundate como stabilimento phenicie con le nomine de Russadir e posteriormente esseva ligate al dominios [[Carthago|carthaginese]] e roman. Durante le epocha roman illo remaneva integrate in le ambito de Mauritania Tingitana. Post le disparition del poter roman, le zona passava per differente dominios politic e cultural ante de incorporar se al mundo islamic. In le [[Medievo]] illo esseva cognoscite con nomines derivate de ''Malila'' e esseva sub le influentia de distincte dynastias nord-african, inter illos le almohades.<ref name="historia">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Melilla'', in ''Diccionario Biográfico e historia territorial''.</ref><ref name="melilla">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla''.</ref> === Incorporation a Espania === In 1497, Melilla esseva occupate per fortias ligate al Corona de Castilia, dirigite per Pedro de Estopiñán e appoyate per le Domo de Medina Sidonia. Desde tunc illo remaneva sub soberanitate espaniol, ben que durante seculos illo habeva fundamentalmente un function militar e defensive. Le fortificationes esseva ampliate pro proteger le enclave contra le attaccos procedente del territorio marocchin. A partir del conflictos hispano-marocchin del seculo XIX, Espania consolidava su presentia territorial e comenciava un expansion urban ultra le recinto historic.<ref name="1497">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla: la ocupación de 1497 e le fortification del citate''.</ref><ref name="patrimonio">Ministerio de Cultura. ''Patrimonio histórico de Melilla''.</ref> === Melilla contemporanee === Durante le seculo XIX e comenciamentos del XX, Melilla experimentava un importante crescimento economic e demographic. Le ampliation del porto e le disveloppamento de activitates commercial transformava le citate, dum que le campanias militar espaniol in le Rif habeva un influentia decisive in su historia. Le periodo del Protectorato espaniol in Marocco incrementava ancora plus su importantia strategic. In le seculo XX, Melilla remaneva strectemente ligate al historia militar espaniol e a avevimentos como le Guerra del Rif e le Guerra Civil.<ref name="rif">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Guerra del Rif''.</ref> In 1995, Melilla obteneva su Statuto de Autonomia e passava a constituer se como citate autonome. Illo conta con un Assemblea e un presidente proprie e exerce determinate competentias administrative, ben que illo mantene su pertenentia al Stato espaniol. Su situation frontieric face que le relationes con Marocco es un question specialmente relevante in su politica, economia e vita quotidian.<ref name="estatuto"/><ref name="assemblea">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Asamblea de Melilla''.</ref> === Population e economia === Le population de Melilla es notabilemente diverse desde le puncto de vista cultural e religiose. Le conviventia historic de communitates christian, musulman e judee, conjunctemente con altere minorias, ha producite un identitate local characterisate per le mixtura de traditiones espaniol e nord-african. Le [[castiliano]] es le lingua official, dum que le arabe marocchin e altere varietates linguistic ha un presentia significative in determinate sectores del population.<ref name="INE"/><ref name="diversitate">Observatorio del Pluralismo Religioso en España. ''Diversitate religiose in Melilla''.</ref> Le economia se basa principalmente in le servicios, le commercio, le administration public, le porto e le activitates ligate a su condition de enclave frontieric. Melilla frue in plus de un regime fiscal special e del condition de porto franco, mesuras destinate a compensar su isolamento geographic e favorir le activitate commercial. Le transporto maritime e aerial mantene le connexiones essential con le peninsula iberic, dum que le frontiera terrestre con Marocco ha un importantia fundamental pro le circulation de personas e mercandisas.<ref name="fiscal">Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT). ''Regime fiscal de Ceuta e Melilla''.</ref><ref name="porto">Autoridad Portuaria de Melilla. ''Porto de Melilla e activitate portuari''.</ref> === Patrimonio e cultura === Un del principal elementos del patrimonio es Melilla la Vetere, un ample conjuncto fortificate construite e ampliate inter le seculos XVI e XVIII. Su muros, baluartes, fossas, magazinos, cisternas, tunnels, cavernas e edificios religiose constitue un del conjunctos defensive historic le plus remarcabile del Mediterraneo occidental. A iste fortificationes se adde numerose fortes exterior construite durante le seculo XIX.<ref name="melilla-vetere">Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España. ''Melilla la Vieja e su fortificationes''.</ref> Le citate se distingue tamben per su architectura modernista, disveloppate principalmente durante le prime decennios del seculo XX. Le assi-nominate Ensanche de Melilla conserva numerose edificios designate per architectos ligate al correntes modernista espaniol e constitue un del conjunctos architectonic le plus importante de iste stilo extra le peninsula. Iste combination de fortificationes historic, architectura modernista e diversitate cultural converte Melilla in un citate singular intra le territorio espaniol.<ref name="modernismo">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Melilla modernista: patrimonio architectonic e urban''.</ref> == Referentias == <references/> {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Citates in Espania]] f2u18753hmwl595xheu6u73yp87aj0g 699967 699966 2026-09-13T09:02:49Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Incorporation a Espania */ 699967 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Melilla'''{{linfo}} [meˈliʎa] es un citate autonome [[Espania|espaniol]] situate in le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], in le costa del mar de Alboran e juxta le frontiera con [[Marocco]]. Illo se trova in le region del Rif, in le parte oriental del capo de Tres Forcas, e occupa a pena circa 12,3 km². Su position geographic e su longe historia ha date loco a un societate culturalmente diverse, in le qual convive principalmente communitates [[Christiano|christian]], [[musulman]] e [[Judeo|judee]]. In 1995 illo acquireva su actual regime de citate autonome.<ref name="INE">Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). ''Melilla: datos territoriales e demografic''.</ref><ref name="estatuto">Ley Orgánica 2/1995, de 13 de marzo, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Melilla.</ref> == Geographia e clima == Le territorio melillense ha un relievo relativemente accidentate e es organisate circa le baia e le porto. Le citate se trova proxime al monte Gurugú e limita per terra con Marocco, dum que al est illo es aperte al mar de Alboran. Su superficie reducite contribue a un del densitates de population le plus elevate de Espania. Le clima es mediterranee, con hibernos mite, estates calide e sic, e precipitationes inferior a 400 millimetros annual.<ref name="aemet">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET). ''Valores climatológicos normales: Melilla''.</ref> == Historia == === Historia antique e medieval === Le origines de Melilla remonta al [[Antiquitate]]. Le citate esseva fundate como stabilimento phenicie con le nomine de Russadir e posteriormente esseva ligate al dominios [[Carthago|carthaginese]] e roman. Durante le epocha roman illo remaneva integrate in le ambito de Mauritania Tingitana. Post le disparition del poter roman, le zona passava per differente dominios politic e cultural ante de incorporar se al mundo islamic. In le [[Medievo]] illo esseva cognoscite con nomines derivate de ''Malila'' e esseva sub le influentia de distincte dynastias nord-african, inter illos le almohades.<ref name="historia">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Melilla'', in ''Diccionario Biográfico e historia territorial''.</ref><ref name="melilla">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla''.</ref> === Incorporation a Espania === In 1497, Melilla esseva occupate per fortias ligate al Corona de Castilia, dirigite per Pedro de Estopiñán e appoyate per le Domo de Medina Sidonia. Desde tunc illo remaneva sub soberanitate espaniol, ben que durante seculos illo habeva fundamentalmente un function militar e defensive. Le fortificationes esseva ampliate pro proteger le enclave contra le attaccos procedente del territorio marocchin. A partir del conflictos hispano-marocchin del seculo XIX, Espania consolidava su presentia territorial e comenciava un expansion urban ultra le recinto historic.<ref name="historia">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla: la ocupación de 1497 e le fortification del citate''.</ref><ref name="patrimonio">Ministerio de Cultura. ''Patrimonio histórico de Melilla''.</ref> === Melilla contemporanee === Durante le seculo XIX e comenciamentos del XX, Melilla experimentava un importante crescimento economic e demographic. Le ampliation del porto e le disveloppamento de activitates commercial transformava le citate, dum que le campanias militar espaniol in le Rif habeva un influentia decisive in su historia. Le periodo del Protectorato espaniol in Marocco incrementava ancora plus su importantia strategic. In le seculo XX, Melilla remaneva strectemente ligate al historia militar espaniol e a avevimentos como le Guerra del Rif e le Guerra Civil.<ref name="rif">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Guerra del Rif''.</ref> In 1995, Melilla obteneva su Statuto de Autonomia e passava a constituer se como citate autonome. Illo conta con un Assemblea e un presidente proprie e exerce determinate competentias administrative, ben que illo mantene su pertenentia al Stato espaniol. Su situation frontieric face que le relationes con Marocco es un question specialmente relevante in su politica, economia e vita quotidian.<ref name="estatuto"/><ref name="assemblea">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Asamblea de Melilla''.</ref> === Population e economia === Le population de Melilla es notabilemente diverse desde le puncto de vista cultural e religiose. Le conviventia historic de communitates christian, musulman e judee, conjunctemente con altere minorias, ha producite un identitate local characterisate per le mixtura de traditiones espaniol e nord-african. Le [[castiliano]] es le lingua official, dum que le arabe marocchin e altere varietates linguistic ha un presentia significative in determinate sectores del population.<ref name="INE"/><ref name="diversitate">Observatorio del Pluralismo Religioso en España. ''Diversitate religiose in Melilla''.</ref> Le economia se basa principalmente in le servicios, le commercio, le administration public, le porto e le activitates ligate a su condition de enclave frontieric. Melilla frue in plus de un regime fiscal special e del condition de porto franco, mesuras destinate a compensar su isolamento geographic e favorir le activitate commercial. Le transporto maritime e aerial mantene le connexiones essential con le peninsula iberic, dum que le frontiera terrestre con Marocco ha un importantia fundamental pro le circulation de personas e mercandisas.<ref name="fiscal">Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT). ''Regime fiscal de Ceuta e Melilla''.</ref><ref name="porto">Autoridad Portuaria de Melilla. ''Porto de Melilla e activitate portuari''.</ref> === Patrimonio e cultura === Un del principal elementos del patrimonio es Melilla la Vetere, un ample conjuncto fortificate construite e ampliate inter le seculos XVI e XVIII. Su muros, baluartes, fossas, magazinos, cisternas, tunnels, cavernas e edificios religiose constitue un del conjunctos defensive historic le plus remarcabile del Mediterraneo occidental. A iste fortificationes se adde numerose fortes exterior construite durante le seculo XIX.<ref name="melilla-vetere">Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España. ''Melilla la Vieja e su fortificationes''.</ref> Le citate se distingue tamben per su architectura modernista, disveloppate principalmente durante le prime decennios del seculo XX. Le assi-nominate Ensanche de Melilla conserva numerose edificios designate per architectos ligate al correntes modernista espaniol e constitue un del conjunctos architectonic le plus importante de iste stilo extra le peninsula. Iste combination de fortificationes historic, architectura modernista e diversitate cultural converte Melilla in un citate singular intra le territorio espaniol.<ref name="modernismo">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Melilla modernista: patrimonio architectonic e urban''.</ref> == Referentias == <references/> {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Citates in Espania]] 1krq7gm4js4jacmyqxsi88ql00e16bv 699968 699967 2026-09-13T09:04:13Z Interlingvisto 60932 Disface le version [[Special:Diff/699967|699967]] per [[Special:Contributions/Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[User talk:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 699968 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Melilla'''{{linfo}} [meˈliʎa] es un citate autonome [[Espania|espaniol]] situate in le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], in le costa del mar de Alboran e juxta le frontiera con [[Marocco]]. Illo se trova in le region del Rif, in le parte oriental del capo de Tres Forcas, e occupa a pena circa 12,3 km². Su position geographic e su longe historia ha date loco a un societate culturalmente diverse, in le qual convive principalmente communitates [[Christiano|christian]], [[musulman]] e [[Judeo|judee]]. In 1995 illo acquireva su actual regime de citate autonome.<ref name="INE">Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). ''Melilla: datos territoriales e demografic''.</ref><ref name="estatuto">Ley Orgánica 2/1995, de 13 de marzo, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Melilla.</ref> == Geographia e clima == Le territorio melillense ha un relievo relativemente accidentate e es organisate circa le baia e le porto. Le citate se trova proxime al monte Gurugú e limita per terra con Marocco, dum que al est illo es aperte al mar de Alboran. Su superficie reducite contribue a un del densitates de population le plus elevate de Espania. Le clima es mediterranee, con hibernos mite, estates calide e sic, e precipitationes inferior a 400 millimetros annual.<ref name="aemet">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET). ''Valores climatológicos normales: Melilla''.</ref> == Historia == === Historia antique e medieval === Le origines de Melilla remonta al [[Antiquitate]]. Le citate esseva fundate como stabilimento phenicie con le nomine de Russadir e posteriormente esseva ligate al dominios [[Carthago|carthaginese]] e roman. Durante le epocha roman illo remaneva integrate in le ambito de Mauritania Tingitana. Post le disparition del poter roman, le zona passava per differente dominios politic e cultural ante de incorporar se al mundo islamic. In le [[Medievo]] illo esseva cognoscite con nomines derivate de ''Malila'' e esseva sub le influentia de distincte dynastias nord-african, inter illos le almohades.<ref name="historia">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Melilla'', in ''Diccionario Biográfico e historia territorial''.</ref><ref name="melilla">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla''.</ref> === Incorporation a Espania === In 1497, Melilla esseva occupate per fortias ligate al Corona de Castilia, dirigite per Pedro de Estopiñán e appoyate per le Domo de Medina Sidonia. Desde tunc illo remaneva sub soberanitate espaniol, ben que durante seculos illo habeva fundamentalmente un function militar e defensive. Le fortificationes esseva ampliate pro proteger le enclave contra le attaccos procedente del territorio marocchin. A partir del conflictos hispano-marocchin del seculo XIX, Espania consolidava su presentia territorial e comenciava un expansion urban ultra le recinto historic.<ref name="anno">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla: la ocupación de 1497 e le fortification del citate''.</ref><ref name="patrimonio">Ministerio de Cultura. ''Patrimonio histórico de Melilla''.</ref> === Melilla contemporanee === Durante le seculo XIX e comenciamentos del XX, Melilla experimentava un importante crescimento economic e demographic. Le ampliation del porto e le disveloppamento de activitates commercial transformava le citate, dum que le campanias militar espaniol in le Rif habeva un influentia decisive in su historia. Le periodo del Protectorato espaniol in Marocco incrementava ancora plus su importantia strategic. In le seculo XX, Melilla remaneva strectemente ligate al historia militar espaniol e a avevimentos como le Guerra del Rif e le Guerra Civil.<ref name="rif">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Guerra del Rif''.</ref> In 1995, Melilla obteneva su Statuto de Autonomia e passava a constituer se como citate autonome. Illo conta con un Assemblea e un presidente proprie e exerce determinate competentias administrative, ben que illo mantene su pertenentia al Stato espaniol. Su situation frontieric face que le relationes con Marocco es un question specialmente relevante in su politica, economia e vita quotidian.<ref name="estatuto"/><ref name="assemblea">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Asamblea de Melilla''.</ref> === Population e economia === Le population de Melilla es notabilemente diverse desde le puncto de vista cultural e religiose. Le conviventia historic de communitates christian, musulman e judee, conjunctemente con altere minorias, ha producite un identitate local characterisate per le mixtura de traditiones espaniol e nord-african. Le [[castiliano]] es le lingua official, dum que le arabe marocchin e altere varietates linguistic ha un presentia significative in determinate sectores del population.<ref name="INE"/><ref name="diversitate">Observatorio del Pluralismo Religioso en España. ''Diversitate religiose in Melilla''.</ref> Le economia se basa principalmente in le servicios, le commercio, le administration public, le porto e le activitates ligate a su condition de enclave frontieric. Melilla frue in plus de un regime fiscal special e del condition de porto franco, mesuras destinate a compensar su isolamento geographic e favorir le activitate commercial. Le transporto maritime e aerial mantene le connexiones essential con le peninsula iberic, dum que le frontiera terrestre con Marocco ha un importantia fundamental pro le circulation de personas e mercandisas.<ref name="fiscal">Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT). ''Regime fiscal de Ceuta e Melilla''.</ref><ref name="porto">Autoridad Portuaria de Melilla. ''Porto de Melilla e activitate portuari''.</ref> === Patrimonio e cultura === Un del principal elementos del patrimonio es Melilla la Vetere, un ample conjuncto fortificate construite e ampliate inter le seculos XVI e XVIII. Su muros, baluartes, fossas, magazinos, cisternas, tunnels, cavernas e edificios religiose constitue un del conjunctos defensive historic le plus remarcabile del Mediterraneo occidental. A iste fortificationes se adde numerose fortes exterior construite durante le seculo XIX.<ref name="melilla-vetere">Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España. ''Melilla la Vieja e su fortificationes''.</ref> Le citate se distingue tamben per su architectura modernista, disveloppate principalmente durante le prime decennios del seculo XX. Le assi-nominate Ensanche de Melilla conserva numerose edificios designate per architectos ligate al correntes modernista espaniol e constitue un del conjunctos architectonic le plus importante de iste stilo extra le peninsula. Iste combination de fortificationes historic, architectura modernista e diversitate cultural converte Melilla in un citate singular intra le territorio espaniol.<ref name="modernismo">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Melilla modernista: patrimonio architectonic e urban''.</ref> == Referentias == <references/> {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Citates in Espania]] kaj73srrtphprifuk94iq22nampnwbj 699969 699968 2026-09-13T09:04:41Z Interlingvisto 60932 699969 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Melilla'''{{linfo}} [meˈliʎa] es un citate autonome [[Espania|espaniol]] situate in le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], in le costa del mar de Alboran e juxta le frontiera con [[Marocco]]. Illo se trova in le region del Rif, in le parte oriental del capo de Tres Forcas, e occupa a pena circa 12,3 km². Su position geographic e su longe historia ha date loco a un societate culturalmente diverse, in le qual convive principalmente communitates [[Christiano|christian]], [[musulman]] e [[Judeo|judee]]. In 1995 illo acquireva su actual regime de citate autonome.<ref name="INE">Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE). ''Melilla: datos territoriales e demografic''.</ref><ref name="estatuto">Ley Orgánica 2/1995, de 13 de marzo, de Estatuto de Autonomía de Melilla.</ref> == Geographia e clima == Le territorio melillense ha un relievo relativemente accidentate e es organisate circa le baia e le porto. Le citate se trova proxime al monte Gurugú e limita per terra con Marocco, dum que al est illo es aperte al mar de Alboran. Su superficie reducite contribue a un del densitates de population le plus elevate de Espania. Le clima es mediterranee, con hibernos mite, estates calide e sic, e precipitationes inferior a 400 millimetros annual.<ref name="aemet">Agencia Estatal de Meteorología (AEMET). ''Valores climatológicos normales: Melilla''.</ref> == Historia == === Historia antique e medieval === Le origines de Melilla remonta al [[Antiquitate]]. Le citate esseva fundate como stabilimento phenicie con le nomine de Russadir e posteriormente esseva ligate al dominios [[Carthago|carthaginese]] e roman. Durante le epocha roman illo remaneva integrate in le ambito de Mauritania Tingitana. Post le disparition del poter roman, le zona passava per differente dominios politic e cultural ante de incorporar se al mundo islamic. In le [[Medievo]] illo esseva cognoscite con nomines derivate de ''Malila'' e esseva sub le influentia de distincte dynastias nord-african, inter illos le almohades.<ref name="historia">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Melilla'', in ''Diccionario Biográfico e historia territorial''.</ref><ref name="melilla">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla''.</ref> === Incorporation a Espania === In 1497, Melilla esseva occupate per fortias ligate al Corona de Castilia, dirigite per Pedro de Estopiñán e appoyate per le Domo de Medina Sidonia. Desde tunc illo remaneva sub soberanitate espaniol, ben que durante seculos illo habeva fundamentalmente un function militar e defensive. Le fortificationes esseva ampliate pro proteger le enclave contra le attaccos procedente del territorio marocchin. A partir del conflictos hispano-marocchin del seculo XIX, Espania consolidava su presentia territorial e comenciava un expansion urban ultra le recinto historic.<ref name="anno">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Historia de Melilla: la ocupación de 1497 e le fortification del citate''.</ref><ref name="patrimonio">Ministerio de Cultura. ''Patrimonio histórico de Melilla''.</ref> === Melilla contemporanee === Durante le seculo XIX e comenciamentos del XX, Melilla experimentava un importante crescimento economic e demographic. Le ampliation del porto e le disveloppamento de activitates commercial transformava le citate, dum que le campanias militar espaniol in le Rif habeva un influentia decisive in su historia. Le periodo del Protectorato espaniol in Marocco incrementava ancora plus su importantia strategic. In le seculo XX, Melilla remaneva strectemente ligate al historia militar espaniol e a avevimentos como le Guerra del Rif e le Guerra Civil.<ref name="rif">Real Academia de la Historia. ''Guerra del Rif''.</ref> In 1995, Melilla obteneva su Statuto de Autonomia e passava a constituer se como citate autonome. Illo conta con un Assemblea e un presidente proprie e exerce determinate competentias administrative, ben que illo mantene su pertenentia al Stato espaniol. Su situation frontieric face que le relationes con Marocco es un question specialmente relevante in su politica, economia e vita quotidian.<ref name="estatuto"/><ref name="assemblea">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Asamblea de Melilla''.</ref> == Population e economia == Le population de Melilla es notabilemente diverse desde le puncto de vista cultural e religiose. Le conviventia historic de communitates christian, musulman e judee, conjunctemente con altere minorias, ha producite un identitate local characterisate per le mixtura de traditiones espaniol e nord-african. Le [[castiliano]] es le lingua official, dum que le arabe marocchin e altere varietates linguistic ha un presentia significative in determinate sectores del population.<ref name="INE"/><ref name="diversitate">Observatorio del Pluralismo Religioso en España. ''Diversitate religiose in Melilla''.</ref> Le economia se basa principalmente in le servicios, le commercio, le administration public, le porto e le activitates ligate a su condition de enclave frontieric. Melilla frue in plus de un regime fiscal special e del condition de porto franco, mesuras destinate a compensar su isolamento geographic e favorir le activitate commercial. Le transporto maritime e aerial mantene le connexiones essential con le peninsula iberic, dum que le frontiera terrestre con Marocco ha un importantia fundamental pro le circulation de personas e mercandisas.<ref name="fiscal">Agencia Estatal de Administración Tributaria (AEAT). ''Regime fiscal de Ceuta e Melilla''.</ref><ref name="porto">Autoridad Portuaria de Melilla. ''Porto de Melilla e activitate portuari''.</ref> == Patrimonio e cultura == Un del principal elementos del patrimonio es Melilla la Vetere, un ample conjuncto fortificate construite e ampliate inter le seculos XVI e XVIII. Su muros, baluartes, fossas, magazinos, cisternas, tunnels, cavernas e edificios religiose constitue un del conjunctos defensive historic le plus remarcabile del Mediterraneo occidental. A iste fortificationes se adde numerose fortes exterior construite durante le seculo XIX.<ref name="melilla-vetere">Instituto del Patrimonio Cultural de España. ''Melilla la Vieja e su fortificationes''.</ref> Le citate se distingue tamben per su architectura modernista, disveloppate principalmente durante le prime decennios del seculo XX. Le assi-nominate Ensanche de Melilla conserva numerose edificios designate per architectos ligate al correntes modernista espaniol e constitue un del conjunctos architectonic le plus importante de iste stilo extra le peninsula. Iste combination de fortificationes historic, architectura modernista e diversitate cultural converte Melilla in un citate singular intra le territorio espaniol.<ref name="modernismo">Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. ''Melilla modernista: patrimonio architectonic e urban''.</ref> {{Referentias}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Citates in Espania]] 7gswsvbp27s00t2aljkcrdhylnw4gst 0 11351 699956 699660 2026-09-13T03:05:57Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699956 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} Le '''Revolution francese'''{{linfo}} (1789-1799) esseva un epocha de grande cambios politic e social in le historia de [[Francia]] et [[Europa]] in toto, durante que le governamental structura francese, ante un monarchia absolute con privilegios feudal pro le [[aristocratia]] e clericos [[catholic]], suffreva cambio radical a formas fundate super ideales de [[democratia]], [[civitate]], e [[derecto]]s inalienabile. Iste cambios esseva accompaniate per tumulto multo violente, inclusivemente per executiones in massa e repression durante le [[Regno del Terror]], e guerra que inveloppava qualque altere europee potentia major. Historicos continue discuter qual causas del revolution esseva le plus importante. Illos include le nove ideas del [[Illuminismo]] que se emergeva durante le mesme seculo e problemas financiari in Francia, specialmente le debitas del [[Guerra de Septe Annos]] e le [[Guerra de Independentia del Statos Unite]] e un systema inefficace de taxation. Le rege indecise [[Ludovico XVI de Francia|Ludovico XVI]] tentava resolver iste problemas con nove impostos. Istos esseva impopular con le classes burgese e inferior, qui habeva resentimento proque le clero e aristocratia non debeva pagar multe impostos. Mal recoltas, exacerbate per le deregulation del mercato de grano, causava plus agitation. Reformas altere del rege esseva obstruite per le aristocratia e ''[[Parlement]]s'' (institutiones judicial regional). Ludovico appellava le [[Statos General de 1789]] pro obtener un mandato pro su reformas. Post le convocation de iste assemblea in maio 1789, ille disappunctava le deputatos eligite qui voleva un [[monarchia constitutional]]. Agitation popular se diffundeva in Paris, que culminava con le [[Prension del Bastille]] in julio e le [[Marcha sur Versailles]] in octobre. Iste eventos destrueva le autoritate del rege, que deveniva impotente contra le deputatos. Illes adoptava reformas radical, inclusive le [[Declaration del Derectos del Homine e del Citatano]] de augusto 1789 e le abolition del privilegios del aristocratia e del ecclesia. Le quatro annos subsequente videva luctas inter le adherentes firme del rege, le monarchistas moderate (le [[Societate de 1789]] e ''[[Feuillant]]s''), le revolutionarios moderate (le [[Girondino]]s) e le revolutionarios radical (le [[Montagnard]]es, le ''[[Sans-culottes]]'' del classe inferior e le ''[[Hebertista]]s''). Le Montagnardes ganiava potente in medio de agitation interne, problemas economic e timores de invention extere pro restablir le monarchia absolute, que esseva exacerbate per [[Fugita a Varennes|le fugita del familia regal a Varennes]] in junio 1791. In 1792, [[Guerras revolutionari francese|un serie de guerras contra altere paises europee]] comenciava in april, inclusive un invasion de [[Prussia]] que esseva rebattite al [[Battalia de Valmy]] in septembre. Le monarchia esseva abolite in duo dies plus tarde; Ludovico esseva executate le januario subsequente. Plus tarde in 1793, le [[Committee de Securitate Public]], dirigite per [[Maximilien Robespierre]], introduceva radical reformas economic, social e antireligiose. Durante le concurrente [[Regno del Terror]], multe pretense contra-revolutionarios esseva imprisonate, exiliate o executava per le [[guillotine]]. Iste periodo se finiva in julio 1794 con le arresto e execution de Robespierre. Le periodo subsequente, le [[Reaction Thermidorian]], e le nove governamento de 1795, le [[Directorio Francese|Directorio]], supprimeva movimentos radical in le [[Prime Terror Blanc]] ma continueva alcun politicas revolutionari. Isto durava usque un [[colpo de stato]] per le general militar [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] in 1799. Le revolution habeva un impacto profunde in le historia mundial. Illo incoragiava agitation in paises ab le [[Caribe]] usque le [[Medio Oriente]], e su ideales influentiava revolutiones futur como le [[Revolution russian]] in 1917. In Francia, le revolution causava divisiones social e politic que durava quasi cento annos; le pais alternarea inter republicas e monarchias usque le fundation del [[Tertie Republica Francese|Tertie Republica]] in 1870. Le revolution influentiava le symbolos del stato francese moderne, inclusive le motto "''Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité''" (Libertate, Equalitate, Fraternitate), le [[Bandiera de Francia|bandiera national]], le hymno national ''[[Le Marseillaise]]'' e le [[Die National Francese|die national]] al anniversario del prension del Bastille. Illo deveniva le foco del disveloppamentos de ideologias politic moderne, inclusive [[liberalismo]], [[conservatismo]], [[Sinistra (politic)|ideologias del sinistra]] e [[nationalismo]], e le diffusion del ideas de [[democratia]], [[republicanismo]], [[suffragio universal]], [[derectos human]], [[codification (derecto)|codification legal]] e [[guerra total]]. == Chronologia e periodisation == Illo es traditionalmente situate inter le apertura del [[Statos general (Francia)|statos general]], le 5 de maio 1789, e le [[Colpo de stato del 18 Brumaire|colpo de stato del 18 Brumaire]] de [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], le 9 de novembre 1799, que inaugura le periodo del [[Consulato (historia de Francia)|Consulato]] e conduce, cinque annos plus tarde, al advento del [[Prime Imperio|Imperio]]. Tamen, illo esseva partialmente perpetuate per Napoleon durante le expansion del Primo Imperio francese. Si le major parte del manuales de historia e numerose historicos divide le Revolution in quatro periodos: Constituente, Legislative, Convention, Directorio, [[Jules Michelet]] e le historiographia [[Materialismo historic|marxista]] fixa su fin al cadita de [[Robespierre]]. Iste [[Periodisation]] ha sovente dependite del convictiones o arrière-pensate politic del personas interessate, in favor sia del Republica «parlamentari», sia del «sovranitate popular»<ref>Thierry Lentz, ''Le Grand Consulat 1799-1804'', Arthème Fayard/Pluriel, 2014 (1999), p. 156-157.</ref>. Le [[Historiographia del Revolution francese|historiographia]] distingue classicamente duo phases, duo revolutiones successive, que transformava primo le [[Regno de Francia|regno de Francia]] in un [[Monarchia constitutional francese (1791-1792)|monarchia constitutional]], postea in le [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Prime Republica]], ponente fin a un [[Societate de ordines|societate de ordines]] e al ancian [[Privilegio (jure medieval)|privilegios]]. == La Francia in le annos 1780 == === Le societate francese === {{AP|Societate del Ancian Regime}} [[File:Organisation féodale.svg|thumb|Organisation del 3 ordines del feudalitate.]] Le [[Societate del Ancian Regime|societate sub le Ancian Regime]] se basa super le existentia de tres ordines hierarchisate (le [[Clero|clero]], le [[Nobilitate|nobilitate]], e le [[Tertie stato|tertie stato]], que representa sol 97 % del population<ref name="Bertaud2004p182">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=18}}.</ref>) e de un mosaico de derectos del qual dispone le corporates constituite ([[Parlamento (regno de Francia)|parlamentos]], communitates, citates, universitates, [[Mestiero (corporation)|mestieros]])<ref>[[Albert Soboul]], ''La Francia al veille del revolution: Aspectos economic e social'', C.D.U., 1964, {{p.}}77.</ref>, o que pote differer de un provincia al altere e es hereditates del [[societate medieval]] e del successiv augmentos del regno. Le carga del impostos pesa exclusivemente super le [[Tertie stato]], que debe in particular pagar impostos al altere duo ordines. Al seculo XVIII, le expansion de nove categorias social in le citates e in le grande burgos es innegabile. Inter le nove stratos, on distingue de un latere un burgesia mercantil o financiari, que profita del enrichimento global e, pro un parte de illes, del [[Historia del bolsas de valores#Le grande speculationes del fin del regno de Louis XVI|grande speculationes bursari sub Louis XVI]], de cultivatores, de paisanos ric que pote offerer a lor filios un education, e de altere latere un burguesia de functionarios e de homines de lege que aspira a jocar un rolo politic<ref>Robert Darnton, ''Le aventura del Encyclopedie'', Paris, 1982.</ref>. Tamen, ante iste concurrentia, le nobilitate reimprime le principio del superioritate del nascentia super le fortuna e le instruction: isto es le [[reaction seignorial e nobiliari]]. Inspirate per le [[Physiocratia|physiocrates]], le dominos cerca per altere parte a optimisar le ingresos obtenite del exploitation de lor terras e remitte in vigor privilegios como le exploitation exclusive del terras commun, con como effecto de privar de illos e impoverir le paisanos non proprietarios<ref>Pernille Røge, ''A Natural Order of Empire: The Physiocratic Vision of Colonial France after the Seven Years’ War'', Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137315557_3</ref>. Al fin del [[annos 1780]], le malas recoltas jecta in le strata le membros le plus fragile del communitates. Le historiographista [[Jean Nicolas (historico)|Jean Nicolas]] recense durante tote le seculo XVIII, que ille appella le {{Citation|seculo de inquietude}}, non minus de {{formatnum:8528}} revoltas de communitates paisan que se politisa sempre plus<ref>{{cite book |author=Jean Nicolas |title=Le rebellion francese. Movimentos popular e conscientia social (1661-1789) |location=Paris |publisher=Seuil |year=2002}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>{{cite book |author1=[[Jean-Luc Chappey]] |author2=Bernard Gainot |author3=[[Guillaume Mazeau]] |author4=Frédéric Régent |author5=[[Pierre Serna]] |title=Pro que facer le Revolution |location=Marseille |publisher=[[Ediciones Agone]] |year=2012 |page=208 |isbn=978-2-7489-0161-0}}</ref>. Le conditiones climatic es penose in [[1788 in Francia|1788]] con un siccitate in le primavera, violente tempestas le 13 de julio, causante malas recoltas e le augmento del precio del cereales e del pan<ref group="Nota">In particular Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. Vide ''Le territorio del historiographista'', Paris, Gallimard, 2014 {{ISBN|978-2-07029-778-8}}, 544{{nb p.}}.</ref>. Le rudeza del inverno que seque face etiam augmentar le precio del ligno de calefaction. Iste phenomenos attisa le agitation popular<ref>{{lien web|url=http://www.leparisien.fr/politique/le-13-juillet-1788-un-orage-de-fin-du-monde-03-06-2018-7750419.php|titre=Le 13 julio 1788, un tempesta del fin del mundo|site=leparisien.fr|date=3 junio 2018|auteur=Charles de Saint Sauveur|consulté le=4 junio 2018}}.</ref>, le politic essente considerate responsabile del mancantia de grano<ref group="Nota">Isto es lo que le historiographia francese ha retenite sub le nom de «imputation al politic» del fluctuationes economic. Vide C. E. Labrousse, ''Le crise del economia francese al fin del Ancian Regime e al initio del Revolution'', Volumine 1, Presses Universitaires de France, 1944.</ref>. Revoltas de subsistentia in 1788 attesta, illes etiam, de un crise frumentari al origine partial del Revolution<ref>vide Le Roy Ladurie, ''Historia human e comparate del clima'', {{t.|2}}.</ref>. Iste crises frumentari es debite al [[liberalisation del commercio del grano sub le Ancian Regime]] que ha initiate in 1763<ref>* {{cite journal |author=Alain Le Diberder |title=In qual conditiones pote un deregulation provocar revoltas ? |journal=Quademi |date=1989 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/quad_0987-1381_1989_num_7_1_1899 |pages=13}}.</ref>. [[File:France 1788 Louis d’or (Louis XVI).jpg|thumb|300px|Louis d’or de Louis XVI (1788).]] Per altere parte, durante que le bancas parisian cognosce un developpamento multo importante, e que le arrivata de [[Jacques Necker]] al direction del finances es facite in particular sub lor influentia<ref>{{cite journal |author=Alain Plessis |title=Le Revolution e le bancas in Francia: del Cassa de desconto al Banco de Francia |journal=Revue économique |date=1989 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/reco_0035-2764_1989_num_40_6_409182 |pages=1005}}</ref>, un crise budgetari del Stato debite al enorme debito del governamento ({{Unité|4500000000|libras}} in 1788)<ref name="Gershoy1957" details="{{p.|22}}">{{cite book |first=Leo |last=Gershoy |title=Le era del Revolution francese |subtitle=1789-1799 : Dece annos que faceva tremular le mundo |location=Princeton |publisher=Van Nostrand |year=1957 |language=en |oclc=563157811 |url=https://archive.org/details/eraoffrenchrev00gers}}</ref>, in parte debite al participation de Francia al [[guerra de independentia del Statos Unite]] (que haberea costate plus de un milliard de libras secundo le historiographista francese [[Jean-Clément Martin]]{{sfn|Martin|2012|p=37}}), e un inflation elevate causate per un quantitate sin precedente de moneta in circulation<ref name=Gershoy1957 details={{p.|16-17}}/>, le obl iga a considerar un nove exaction de impostos e, pro facer isto, a convocar le statos general: isto sera, in iste contexto de tensiones, le evento declanchante del Revolution francese. === Resistentia al monarchia absolute e desiro de reforma === [[File:Luis XVI (Callet).jpg|thumb|Louis XVI in costume de coronation con le ''[[regalia|regalia]]'' e le cruce del [[Ordine del Sancte Spirito|Ordine del Sancte Spirito]] per [[Antoine-François Callet]] (1781).]] {{AP|Preludios del Revolution francese|Pre-revolution francese|Causas del Revolution francese}} In 1788, le poter se basa super le modello politico-social de un [[Monarchia de jure divin|monarchia absolute de jure divin]]: le rege, representante de Deo super Terra, es «delegate del leges» totevia debente respectar le «[[Lege fundamental del regno de Francia|leges fundamental del Regno]]»<ref>François Olivier-Martin, ''Historia del jure francese, del origines al Revolution'' (1948), Paris, {{Éd.}} del CNRS, 1984, {{p.|324}}.</ref>. Il es le garante del securitate, del justitia e del fide de su subjectos. Il non trahe su soveranitate de alcun instantie human, ma debe governar con le consentimento del corporates constituite. Le contradictiones interne del modello va aperir le via al Revolution<ref>{{en}} Peter Campbell, «Monarchia absolute», in William Doyle ({{éd.}}), ''Le Oxford Handbook del Ancian Regime'', Oxford, 2012.</ref>. In lor immense majoritate, le franceses remane attachate al forma monarchic. Le rege, amate e respectate<ref group="Nota">Le quadernos de reclamos mentiona le «amor paternal», mentionante «un rege juste e benefic como un patre in le medio de su filios», «un patre amate per su filios es ben secur de lor auxilio», «le patre del populo e regeneratore de Francia»; citate per Pierre Goubert e Michel Denis, ''1789, Le franceses ha le parola, extractos del quadernos de reclamos'', Paris, Julliard, Coll. Archivos, 1964.</ref>, es percipite como un «patre del populo», de «le [[Patre del Nation|Nation]]»<ref>Alcun vices in un parallelo facite con Louis XII. Nicole Hochner, ''Louis XII: le disordines del imagine regal, 1498-1515'', {{Éd.}} Champ Vallon, 2006, {{p.|24-25}} {{Leger in linea|url=https://books.google.be/books?id=98EtH4jrUG8C&pg=PA24#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}.</ref>, postea como «patre del franceses»<ref>{{cite journal |author=Julien Broch |title=Un aspecto del legitimitate monarchic: le metaphor del rege-patre al epocha de Louis XVI |journal=Pensée politique et famille, Actes du colloque de l’AFHIP (Dijon, 21-22 maio 2015), Aix, PUAM |date=2016 |isbn=978-2-7314-1023-5 |pages=125-142}}</ref>. In 1788, un reforma del Stato es sperate sub su autoritate e con su consentimento<ref>{{cite book |author1=[[François Furet]] |author2=[[Denis Richet]] |title=Le Revolution francese |publisher=Hachette littératures |year=2008 |volume=1 |page=70}}</ref>. Le corporates constituite, quando illes se oppone al poter regal, lo face pro le defensione de lor proprie interesses sin totevia mitter illo in question o opponer se ideologicamente a illo. Le [[Parlamentos|Parlamentos]], cortes de justitia del Ancian Regime, e le [[Statos provincial (Ancian Regime)|statos provincial]] instrumentalisa lor [[jure de remonstrantia]] durante le registration del leges pro opponer se al reformas ministerial del [[Consilio del rege de Francia|Consilio del rege]]. Ben que illes protege ante toto lor privilegios, illes se pensa e appare, al oculos del [[opinion public|opinion public]] nascent, in un rhetoric de defension del populo contra le [[despotismo]] ministerial, como representantes del Nation. Le monarchia, in despecto del pression fiscal, remane respectuose de iste corporates intermediari usque al colpo de fortia del cancellero [[René-Nicolas de Maupeou|Maupeou]], qui rumpe le equilibrio in [[1771 in Francia|1771]]<ref>{{cite book |author=[[André Zysberg]] |title=Nova historia del Francia moderne |subtitle=Le monarchia del Lumines 1715-1786 |publisher=Seuil |location=Paris |year=2002 |volume=5}}</ref>. Su membros le plus radical se junge al que on appella le «partito patriota», punta de lance del contestation [[Pre-revolution francese|pre-revolutionari]]. Le synthese de lor luctas e de lor revendicationes, in lor dialogo con le theses [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|rousseaunian]], deberea, a favor del eventos de 1789, dar corpore al premissas [[Ideologia|ideologic]] del Revolution<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Dale K. Van Kley]] |others=Translated by Alain Spiess |title=Le origines religiose del Revolution francese 1560-1791 |location=Paris |publisher=[[Ediciones del Seuil]] |series=L’univers historic |year=2002 |isbn=978-2-02-085509-9 |url=http://ahrf.revues.org/4802#text}} ; {{capitulo |auteur=[[Dale K. Van Kley]] |url=https://www.amisdeportroyal.org/societe/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/110-_Du_parti_janse_niste_au_parti_patriote_l_ultime_se_cularisation_d_une_tradition_religieuse_a_l_epoque_du_chancelier_Maupeou_1770-1775.pdf |titre=Del partito jansenista al partito patriota: le ultime secularisation de un tradition religiose al epocha del cancellero Maupeou, 1770-1775 |auteur ouvrage=C. Maire ({{éd.}})|titre ouvrage=Jansenismo e revolution'', «Actos del colloquio de Versailles», 13-14 octobre 1989''|éditeur=[[Chronicas de Port-Royal]]|lieu=Paris |année=1990}}</ref>. In fin, le contestationes del absolutismo es rare e marginal ante 1789. Illos es ante toto [[Philosophia del Lumines|philosophic]] e [[Jansenismo|religiose]] ante de esser politic o social<ref>{{harvsp|Zysberg|2002}} On pote citar le brochura anonyme ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k47148r.image Reflexiones de un citatan super le session regal]'', (1787, Liège) como exemplo de litteratura specificamente anti-absolutista del epocha.</ref>. On trova per contra un desiro unanim de reforma inter le franceses, portate per lor deputatos qui exprime le desiro de un Stato plus efficace e de un monarchia regenerate<ref>[[William Doyle]], ''Origines del Revolution francese'', Calmann-Lévy, 1988.</ref>. == 1789: fin del monarchia absolute e del Ancian Regime == {{AP|Preludios del Revolution francese|Statos general de 1789}} === Revolution juridic (maio-initio de julio 1789) === ==== Campania electoral pro le election del deputatos al statos general ==== [[File:Qu'est ce que le Tiers Etat.jpg|thumb|redresse|''[[Que es le Tertie Stato ?]]'', [[pamphlet|pamphlet]] del abbate [[Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès|Sieyès]] (januario 1789).]] Ben que illo sia private de tote autoritate legislative, le reunion del [[Statos general (Francia)|statos general]] ha suscitate grande sperantias inter le population francese{{refinc|{{sfn|Soboul|1982|p=138}}}}. Le paisanos spera un melioramento de lor conditiones de vita con le alleviamento, o mesmo le abandono, del derectos seignorial<ref>[[René Fonvieille]], ''Barnave e le Revolution'', Paris, Glénat, 1989, 340{{nb p.}} {{ISBN|978-2-72341-003-8}}, {{p.|71}}.</ref>. Le burguesia spera le instauration del [[equalitate ante le lege]] e, plus confusemente, le establimento de un monarchia parlamentari o de un governamento representative<ref>Anatoli Ado, ''Paisanos in revolution: terra, poter e jacqueria (1789-1794)'', Societate del studios robespierristas, 1996 {{ISBN|978-2-90832-738-0}}, 474{{nb p.}}, {{p.|96}}.</ref>. Illa pote contar super le appoio de un parve parte del nobilitate acquisite al nove ideas e del basso clero sensibile al difficultates del populo. Jam al fin del anno 1788, memorandos, libellos e periodicos super le convocation proxime se multiplica<ref>{{en}} Jeremy D. Popkin, «Le pressa provincial e le politica revolutionari», ''Studios historic francese'', {{vol.}} 18, {{n°|2}}, {{pp.}}434-456.</ref>. Citates e villages francese se informa assi super le debattos concernente le composition e le organisation del Statos del Regno. Le tradition habeva sanctionate le practica de un voto per ordine que poneva le [[Tertie stato|tertie]] in minoritate. In [[septembre 1788|septembre]] 1788, le [[Parlamento de Paris]] confirma que le Statos debe prender le formas de [[Statos general de 1614|1614]]{{sfn|Vovelle|1999|p={{pagina a precisar}}}}. Le tertie stato reclama, de un latere, le duplication del numero de su deputatos pro que illo corresponde a su peso real in le [[Bailliage e senescalsia|bailliages]], assi como le principio del voto per testa, ubi cata electo dispone de un voto. {{noble-|Louis XVI}} accorda le duplicamento ma remane silente super le modalitate del voto. Iste effacemento del autoritate regal permitte le emergentia de un «[[Patriota (Revolution francese)|partito patriota]]» a Paris e in le provincias. A favor del developpamento de un [[opinion public]], de altercationes urban, in particular a [[Jornata del bricoles|Rennes]] e in [[Jornata del Tegulas|Dauphiné]], punctua le pauc menses que separa le convocation del reunion del deputatos a Versailles<ref>{{en}} [[Munro Price]], ''Le via desde Versailles: Louis XVI, Marie Antoinette, e le cadita del monarchia francese'', [[St. Martin's Press]], 2003.</ref>. ==== Le deputatos del tertie stato se oppone al rege ==== {{AP|Statos general de 1789|Juramento del Jeu de paume|Session regal del 23 junio 1789}} [[File:Estatesgeneral.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Statos general de 1789|Statos general]] a [[Versailles]] le 5 de maio 1789.]] Le 1 de maio 1789, le deputatos arriva a [[Versailles]]. Durante que illes del clero (291) e del nobilitate (270) es recipite con grande apparato, illes del tertie stato (584)<ref>Pascal Perrineau, Dominique Reynié, Sandrine Lefranc (collective), ''Dictionario del voto'', Presses universitaires de France, 2001, {{p.|426}}.</ref> es ignorate. Le 5 de maio, le rege aperi le [[Statos general de 1789|statos general]]. Su discurso mitte in guarda contra tote spirito de innovation; illo de [[Jacques Necker|Necker]] tracta solmente le questiones financiari. Nulle mention del reformas politic tanto expectate es facite. Le poter non prende clarmente position super le modalidades del voto. Le deputatos del tertie stato se ingagia alora in un processo de resistentia e insubordination ducite per [[Antoine Barnave|Barnave]], [[Jean-Joseph Mounier|Mounier]], [[Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau|Mirabeau]] e [[Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne|Rabaut Saint-Étienne]]. Illes refusa reunir se separatemente del altere duo ordines. Durante le mense de maio, le assembleas del clero e del nobilitate accepta renunciar a lor privilegios fiscal. Al fin de un mense de discussiones, super un motion del abbate [[Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès|Sieyès]], le tertie stato prende le initiative de [[Verification del podres|verificar le podres]] del deputatos per [[bailliage e senescalsia]] in absentia del ordines privilegiate. Le 13 de junio, tres curatos responde al appello. Le 16, illes es dece. <gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:Antoine-Pierre-Joseph-Marie Barnave.png|[[Antoine Barnave|Barnave]]. File:Jean-Joseph Mounier.jpg|[[Jean-Joseph Mounier|Mounier]]. File:Boze - Honoré de Mirabeau.jpg|[[Honoré-Gabriel Riqueti de Mirabeau|Mirabeau]]. File:Jean-Paul Rabaut de Saint-Étienne.jpg|[[Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne|Rabaut Saint-Étienne]]. File:Sieyès député Assemblée nationale.JPG|Le abbate [[Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès|Sieyès]]. </gallery> Le 17 de junio 1789, le tertie stato e alcun deputatos del nobilitate e del clero, super proposition de [[Jérôme Legrand|Legrand]] e al invitation de Sieyès, prende le titulo de «[[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Assemblea national]]»<ref>[[Alexandre Maral]], ''Le ultime dies de Versailles'', Paris, Perrin, 2018.</ref>. Le 19 de junio, le clero, que conta un minoritate de curatos sensibile al problemas del paisanos, decide unir se al deputatos del tertie stato pro le verification del podres. Le 20 de junio, le rege face clauder le [[Hotel del Menus Plaisirs (Versailles)|sala del Menus Plaisirs]], loco de reunion del tertie stato. Illes se dirige alora verso un [[Sala del Jeu de paume|sala de Jeu de paume]] vicin. [[File:Serment du Jeu de Paume - Jacques-Louis David.jpg|thumb|[[Jacques-Louis David]], ''[[Juramento del Jeu de paume]]'', Paris, [[Museo Carnavalet]].]] In un grande enthusiasmo, illes pronuncia le [[Juramento del Jeu de paume]], per le qual illes se ingagia a non separar se ante haber date un [[constitution|constitution]] scripte a Francia. Durante le [[session regal del 23 junio 1789]], {{noble-|Louis XVI}}, usque alora silente<ref>{{en}} John Hardman, ''Louis XVI: le rege silente'', London, Arnold, 2000.</ref>, defini un programma de labor, proponante al deputatos de reflecter super le reformas concrete del qual ille esquissa le economia, e ordina al deputatos seder in cameras separate. Durante que le deputatos del nobilitate e del alto clero obedi, le deputatos del tertie stato e illes del basso clero remane immobile. [[Jean Sylvain Bailly|Bailly]], eligite presidente in tanto que decano, responde al [[Henri-Évrard de Dreux-Brézé|marchese de Dreux-Brézé]], qui les some a retirar se, que le {{citation|Nation assemblate non ha ordine a reciper de necuno}}, e Mirabeau le interpella affirmante que solmente le fortia poterea facer les quitter le loco<ref>Henri-Évrard de Dreux-Brézé, ''Nota biographic super le Sr. Marchese de Dreux-Brézé - Pair de Francia'', La Renommée, 1842.</ref>. Ante iste resistentia, le rege invita le 27 de junio le tres ordines a discuter insimul<ref>[http://www.droit-constitutionnel.com/histoire-constitutionnelle-de-la-france.html Historia constitutional de Francia de 1789 a 1879] ; {{en}} Barry M. Shapiro, ''Politica traumatic: le deputatos e le rege al initio del Revolution francese'', [[Pennsylvania State University Press]], 2009.</ref>. Le Assemblea reprende alora immediatemente su marcha avant. Le 9 de julio, illa se proclama [[Assemblea national constituente (1789)|Assemblea national constituente]]. Durante iste jornatas, illa realiza un altere revolution decisive: multe deputatos, espaventate per le evolution del eventos, demissiona; le Assemblea declara que illa tene su mandato non del electores individualmente pro cata deputato, ma collectivemente del Nation integre. Isto es le application del principio del [[sovranitate national]] defendite per [[Diderot]]<ref>Jacques Proust, ''Diderot e le Encyclopedie'', 1967.</ref>. Iste assemblea pote appoiar se super le sperantias del majoritate del Nation, super le retes de «[[Patriota (Revolution francese)|patriotas]]». In le altere campo, il ha solmente ministros dividite, un governamento sin recursos financiari e un rege vacillante qui recula. Rumores de arresto del deputatos del Tertie stato circula alora a Versailles, a Paris e in le provincias<ref>{{en}} Barry M. Shapiro, ''Politica traumatic: le deputatos e le rege al initio del Revolution francese'', [[Pennsylvania State University Press]], 2009.</ref>. === Estate 1789 === ==== Le crise de julio ==== {{AP|Revoltas del 12 e 13 julio 1789}} [[File:P1330119 Carnavalet Berthault abbaye St-Germain 30 juin 1789 G27664 rwk.jpg|thumb|left|''Le populo liberante le guardias francese al abbatia St-Germain, le 30 junio 1789'' per [[Pierre-Gabriel Berthault]], [[Museo Carnavalet]].]] [[File:Necker, Jacques - Duplessis.jpg|thumb|[[Jacques Necker|Necker]].]] {{noble-|Louis XVI}} declara sin valor le nove Assemblea, ma le lassa seder sin intervenir apertemente. Le 25 de maio, [[Guardias francese|guardias francese]] defila a Paris in favor del deputatos revoltate e le electores parisian se reuni in assemblea. Ma, jam le 26, ordines de marcha es livrate a sex regimentos e un truppa de circa 20 000 homines<ref>{{cite book |author=Jean-Clément Martin |title=Le Revolution francese, 1789-1799 |publisher=[[Belin editor|Belin]] |year=2004a |page=20}}</ref> —un «ver parve arme»— es convocate al proximitates del capital pro mantener le ordine a Paris e a Versailles<ref>{{cite journal |author=[[Pierre Caron (historiographista)|Pierre Caron]] |title=Le tentativa de contra-revolution de junio-julio 1789 |journal=Revue d’histoire moderne & contemporaine |date=1906}}</ref>. Or le totalitate del population parisian es agitate: le burguesia time pro le superviventia del Assemblea; le populo, ille mesme, time que le truppas va clauder le vias de approvisionamento del parisianos, durante que le precio del pan es al plus alte. Al initio de julio, revoltas erumpe al barreras del [[Muro del Fermiers general|octroi]]. Le rege dimitte su ministros considerate troppo liberal, inter illes [[Jacques Necker|Necker]], controllator del Finances, dimittite le 11 de julio e invitate a exir del Regno{{sfn|Caron|1906|p=42}}. Le nove es cognoscite a Paris le 12. Le parisianos se arma e manifesta. In le postmeridie, in le jardins del [[Palatio Regal]], le journalist [[Camille Desmoulins]] exhorta le turba a poner se in stato de defension. Il considera le dimission de Necker como un attacco contra le populo. In le jardins del Tuileries e al Invalides, le parisianos se confronta con le [[Regimento Royal-Allemand|regimento appellate Royal-Allemand]] del principe de Lambesc, cuje soldatos es accusate de haber occidite manifestantes<ref>{{en}} Richard Clay, «Le statua de Louis XV per Bouchardon: iconoclasmo e transformation de signos», ''in'' Stacy Boldrick, Richard Clay ({{éd.}}), ''Iconoclasmo: objectos contestate, terminos contestate'', Aldershot/Burlington, 2007.</ref>. Le 13 de julio, le barreras de [[octroi|octroi]] es incendiate, le [[Deposito de cereales|reservas de grano]] del conventos es pillate<ref>Markovic Momcilo, «Le Revolution al barreras: le incendio del barreras del octroi a Paris in julio 1789», ''Annales historiques de la Révolution française'', vol. 2 ({{n°|372}}), 2013, {{p.}}27-48.</ref>. Al initiative del [[Commun del Paris (Revolution francese)|Comite permanente del electores]] del [[Hotel de citate de Paris|Hotel de Citate]], un [[Guardia national (Francia, 1789-1799)|militia burgese]], appoiate per Mirabeau in le Assemblea, se forma pro le defension del capital<ref>Maurice Genty, «Le initios del Guardia national parisian (1789-1791)», in [[Serge Bianchi]], [[Roger Dupuy]] ({{éd.}}) ''Le Guardia national inter Nation e populo in armas'', Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2006; Georges Carrot, ''Le Guardia national, 1789-1871, un fortia politic ambigue'', Paris, 2001.</ref>. ==== Jornata revolutionari del 14 julio ==== {{AP|Prension del Bastille}} [[File:Anonymous - Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|left|Presa del Bastille, le 14 de julio 1789.<br> Oleo super tela anonym, circa 1789-1791.]] [[File:Réveil du Tiers État.jpg|thumb|Un homine incarnante le [[tertie stato]] se evelia, se libera de su catenas e prende un fusil, al grande terror del nobilitate e del clero. Al secunde plano, on distingue le demolition del Bastille.<br> ''Eveliation del tertie stato'', gravura anonym, Paris, [[Museo Carnavalet]], circa 1789.]] Le [[Presa del Bastille|presa]] del [[Bastille (Paris)|Bastille]] se explica primo per le voluntate de trovar le pulvere necessari al milicias burgese del [[Districto de Paris (Revolution francese)|districtos]], ma illa es immediatemente elevate al rango de acto fundator del revolution popular{{sfn|Biard|Bourdin|Marzagalli|Cornette|2009|p=62}}. Le 14 de julio, le revoltantes del [[suburbio Saint-Antoine]] se rende tanto mastro de un fortia regal como de un symbolo del despotismo. Isto es etiam le prime manifestation del turbas revolutionari organisate<ref>George Rudé, ''Le turba in le Revolution francese'', «Textos al appoio», Paris, 1982.</ref>. Le matino, le revoltantes pillava le arsenal del [[Hotel del Invalides]], ubi illes trova armas e cannones. Illes arriva postea al portas del prision regal del [[Bastille (Paris)|Bastille]] e ibi retrova altere revoltantes agglomerate ante le fortia del suburbio Saint-Antoine desde le matino{{sfn|Mathiez|2012|p=74-75}}{{,}}<ref>Tulard, ''Historia e Dictionario del Revolution francese'', {{p.|566-567}}.</ref>{{,}}{{sfn|Furet|1988|p=120-121}}. Face al turba marchante verso le Bastille, su [[Governator del Bastille|governator]], le marchese [[Bernard-René Jordan de Launay|de Launay]], accede al demanda de mediatores venite del Hotel de Citate e accepta per scripto le rendition del fortia sub le promissa que nulle mal sera facite al garnison. Il lassa le turba penetrar in le prime corte. Il cambia de opinion e face tirar con mitraglia: il ha mortos. [[Guardias francese|Guardias francese]] amutinate apporta alora cannones prendite al Invalides: le governator cede e abassa le pontes levate. Es cinque horas del postmeridie. Le [[Victorios del Bastille]] se dirige postea verso le Hotel de Citate con lor prisoneros. Super le cammino, [[Bernard-René Jordan de Launay|Launay]] es massacrate. Su capite es secate con un cultello<ref>Le decapitation es le obra de un puero coquin nominate Desnot. J.-J. Guiffrey, «Documentos inedite super le jornada del 14 de julio 1789», ''Revue historique'', vol. I, {{p.}}500.</ref>. Arrivate al [[Hotel de Citate de Paris|Hotel de Citate]], le revoltantes accusa le [[Preposito del mercatores de Paris|preposito]] del mercatores [[Jacques de Flesselles|Flesselles]] de traition. Il es etiam linchate e su capite es portate al extremitate de un picca con le de [[Bernard-René Jordan de Launay|Launay]]. Durante tote le jornada, barreras e edificios fiscal parisian es atacate e incendiate. ==== Le revolution municipal ==== [[File:Jean Sylvain Bailly, Maire de Paris.png|thumb|left|redresse|[[Jean Sylvain Bailly]] portraitate per [[Jean-Laurent Mosnier|Mosnier]], [[Museo Carnavalet]], 1789.]] [[File:La Fayette by Weyler.jpg|thumb|redresse|[[Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette|La Fayette]].]] Louis XVI cerca le apaisamento e veni personalmente le die sequente a annunciar al Assemblea le retiro del truppas e le appella a restabilir le ordine. Le die sequente, ille revoca [[Jacques Necker|Necker]] assi como tote le ministros dimittite. Al [[Hotel de citate de Paris]], tote le membros del ancian administration, qui habeva fugite, [[Jean Sylvain Bailly]], presidente del Assemblea national, es nominate per acclamation «[[Mayor de Paris]]». [[La Fayette]] es nominate Commandante general del [[Guardia national (1789)|Guardia national]]. {{noble-|Louis XVI}} recognosce le nove organisation municipal que se pone in loco, rendente se a Paris le 17 de julio. A iste occasion, Bailly le remitte le [[cocarda]] blau e rubie, al colores del citate de Paris, que {{noble-|Louis XVI}} fixa super su cappello, associante assi iste colores al blanc del monarchia. Iste gesto pare sigillar le reconciliation de Paris con su rege. In le factos, tamen, le rege accepta mal que su autoritate sia tenite in scacco per un revolta parisian, del mesme maniera que le deputatos accepta con difficultate que lor poter depende del violentia popular. Intertanto, le renomine del «[[Victorios del Bastille]]» se diffunde in tote Francia. Le fortia ha triumphate, veniente al auxilio del reformatores. Multo tosto, un interpretation symbolic del presa del Bastille es elaborate. Le Bastille representa ibi le arbitrio regal. Le plus folle rumores se diffunde, describente carceres subterranee plen de esqueletos e inventante le personage fabulose del comte de Lorges, victima exemplar de iste arbitrio. Le «patriota» [[Pierre-François Palloy|Palloy]] face fortuna entreprendente le demolition del Bastille e commercialisante numerose memorabilias commemorative. Le presa del Bastille se inscribe in un unda de agitation social que attinge tote le provincias. Jam al initio del mense de julio, le [[Crise de subsistentia|crise frumentari]] e le revoltas que illa provoca, impelle citatanos a mobilisar se pro contestar un poter municipal considerate deficient<ref>[[Albert Soboul]], ''Le Revolution francese'', Éditions sociales, 1988, {{p.|154-156}}.</ref>. In numerose citates, le patriotas se constitue in comites permanente e prende le controlo del poter municipal. Le reception del eventos parisian, como le dimission de Necker, contribue a fortificar iste mobilisation, que in plure citates conduce a un ver revolution municipal. Le presa del Bastille, recipite con enthusiasmo, porta iste movimento a su apogeo. A [[Rennes]] e [[Strasbourg]], gruppos assalta le arsenales, ubi le armas les es date sin resistentia; altere gruppos prende le citadellas de [[Bordeaux]], [[Nantes]] o [[Marseille]], ubi le garnisones se rende. In marge de iste movimentos, se constitue le [[Guardia national francese sub le Revolution (1789-1799)|Guardia national]]. [[Antoine Barnave]] recommenda pro [[Grenoble]] que illa sia reservate al «bon burguesia». In effecto, lor rolo es sovente de controlar le comites permanente e le movimentos popular<ref>{{En}} D.M.G. Sutherland, ''Francia 1789-2815 Revolution e contra-revolution'', London, 1988, {{p.|68-69}}.</ref>. ==== Grande timor in le campanias francese e nocte del 4 de agosto 1789 ==== {{AP|Grande Timor|Nocte del 4 agosto 1789|Declaration del derectos del homine e del citatano de 1789}} [[File:Assemblée nationale - abandon de tous les privilèges à Versailles, séance de la nuit du 4 au 5 août 1789.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[nocte del 4 agosto 1789]].]] [[File:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|Le [[Declaration del derectos del homine e del citatano de 1789|Declaration del derectos del homine e del citatano]].]] Iste eventos disclenche le prime [[Emigration francese (1789-1815)|emigration]]: le juvene fratre de {{noble-|Louis XVI}}, [[Charles X de Francia|le comte de Artois]], le grande del Regno como le [[Louis Joseph de Bourbon, principe de Condé|principe de Condé]], le [[Jules de Polignac (1746-1817)|duce de Polignac]] e le [[Louis VI Henri de Bourbon-Condé|duce de Enghien]]. Illes parti pro Anglaterra, le Paisos Basse o Germania. Tote pensa retornar intra tres menses. Un poco ubique in le campanias, a partir del 20 de julio 1789 usque al 6 de agosto 1789, le «[[Grande Timor]]» se diffunde: rumores de complotos aristocratic in represalia del eventos de Paris, o un timor plus vague de «brigantes» menaciante le recoltas, face que le paisanos se arma e finalmente attacca numerose castellos, ubi le archivos relative al derectos seignorial o al impostos es comburite. Iste insurrectiones marca le collapso del autoritate monarchic, incapace de interponer se, e disclenche un unda de emigration del nobilitate<ref>{{cite book |author=Guglielmo Ferrero |title=Le duo Revolutiones |publisher=Livre de Poche |year=1951 |pages=29–30}}</ref>. Face a iste disturbios, le Assemblea reactiona aboliente le [[Privilegio (Ancian Regime)|privilegios]], le [[derectos feudal]], le [[Venalitate del officios in Francia|venalitate del officios]] e le inegalitates fiscal in le [[Nocte del 4 agosto 1789|nocte del 4 de agosto 1789]]. Isto es le fin del [[societate del Ancian Regime]]. Le impostos afferente al privilegios cessara immediatemente de esser versate, ben que le abolition del derectos real super le renta del terra ([[Cens (derecto seignorial)|cens]], [[champart]]) es al initio assortite de un clausula de redemption, que le Assemblea constituente fixara mesmo le [[Decreto del 15 junio 1791|15 de junio 1791]] a un precio tanto alte que illo haberea quasi impedite omne redemption real. Le derectos es definitivamente abolite sin compensation le 17 de julio 1793. Le abolition del decima es etiam initialmente assortite de un clausula de redemption, finalmente annullate in april 1790. Le derectos personal (corveas, servitute…) e le monopolio del chasse nobil es simplemente supprimite. Le lege del 11 de augusto 1789 accorda a tote [[Proprietate|proprietario]] le derecto de destruer e facer destruer omne specie de gibiero super su possessiones, ponente fin al character regal del derecto de chasse<ref>{{cite journal |first=Robert |last=Fol |title=Loco del Ordonnance de 1669 in le evolution del legislation super le chasse |journal=Revue Forestière Française |issue=7 |pages=611 |date=1969 |issn=1951-6827 |issn2=0035-2829 |doi=10.4267/2042/20310 |access-date=2024-12-24}}</ref>. Le 26 de augusto 1789, le [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Assemblea constituente]] publica le [[Declaration del derectos del homine e del citatano de 1789|Declaration del derectos del homine e del citatano]]. Inspirate per le principios del [[Lumières (philosophie)|Lumières]], illa es un condemnation sin appello del monarchia absolute e del societate de ordines e proclama in principio le democratia juridic e social. Illa es etiam le reflection del aspirationes del burguesia del epocha: le garantia del [[libertates individual]], le sacralisation del [[proprietate private]], le accesso de tote al empleos public. ==== Le marcha del feminas super Versailles del 5 e 6 de octobre 1789 ==== {{AP|Jornatas del 5 e 6 octobre 1789}} [[File:A Versailles, à Versailles 5 octobre 1789 - Restoration.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Jornatas del 5 e 6 octobre 1789|marcha del feminas super Versailles]], le 5 de octobre 1789.]] Desde septembre 1789, le Assemblea vota le prime articulos del futur constitution limitante le poter regal. Le difficultates de approvisionamento de Paris in cereales e un rumor relative al calcation del cocarda tricolor per le [[regimento de Flandre]], fidel al Rege, provoca le [[Jornatas del 5 e 6 octobre 1789]], ubi un turba majoritariamente componite de feminas se rende a [[Versailles]] pro vider le rege<ref group="Note">Pro isto, iste duo jornatas es frequentemente cognoscite sub le nomine de «[[Jornatas del 5 e 6 octobre 1789#Marcha del feminas verso Versailles|marcha del feminas]]».</ref>. Iste ultime va primo satisfacer lor revendicationes. [[File:Garde nationale sucre IMG 2242.JPG|thumb|redresse|Le [[Guardia national francese sub le Revolution (1789-1799)|Guardia national]].]] In le mesme die, le presidente del constituente [[Jean-Joseph Mounier|Mounier]] va novemente demandar que {{noble-|Louis XVI}} promulga le [[Declaration del derectos del homine e del citatano de 1789]] e le leges del 4 e del 26 de augusto aboliente le societate de ordines. In le vespere, al demanda del commune de Paris, [[Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette|La Fayette]] arriva etiam a Versailles. Le die sequente al alba, un parte del turba menacia le familia regal e duo guardias del corpore es occidite. Secundo le conclusiones del investigation rendite per le Châtelet, super iste evento, pivote del Revolution: {{citation|le salvamento del rege, del regina, del familia regal, esseva debite unicemente al Guardia national e a su general}}<ref group="Note">Procedura criminal instruite al Châtelet de Paris super le denuntiation del factos occurrite a Versailles durante le die del 6 de octobre 1789, 1790, Archivos national.</ref>, [[La Fayette]]. Le rege debe consentir a quitter Versailles (que ille jammais revide) e es escortate per le turba usque a Paris. Deman, le [[regalitate|rege]] e le [[Assemblea national constituente (1789)|Assemblea national]] sede a Paris, surveillate per le [[Guardia national (Francia, 1789-1799)|Guardia national]] e menaciate per le revolta. Le poter regal se trova assi extrememente debilititate. Francia remane un monarchia, ma le [[poter legislative]] ha passate in le manos del [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Assemblea constituente]]. Comissiones specialisate proveniente del Assemblea ha le controlo superior super le totalitate del administration, que se preocupa de minus in minus del poter del rege. Le ministros non es plus que executores technic surveillate per le Assemblea. Nonobstante, le rege conserva le [[poter executive]]. Le [[lege]]s e [[Decreto in Francia|decretos]] votate per le Assemblea es valide solmente si le rege les promulga. De plus, le intendentes e altere agentes del administration del [[Ancian Regime]] remane in lor posto usque al formation de un nove administration. Usque al estate 1790, le [[Intendente (Ancian Regime)|intendentes]] qui non ha demissionate continua a exercer lor functiones, ben que lor extension sia considerablemente reducite. === Regeneration de Francia === ==== Reorganisation administrative ==== {{AP|Historia del departamentos francese}} [[File:France departments 1791 (1).jpg|left|thumb|Le creation del departamentos.]] [[File:Gravure Assemblée nationale, époque du 4 février 1790 1 - Archives Nationales - AE-II-3878.jpg|thumb|{{noble-|Louis XVI}} rendente se al [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Assemblea national constituente]], le 4 de februario 1790 ([[Archivos national (Francia)|Archivos national]]).]] Le [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Assemblea constituente]], in majoritate constituite de burgueses, entreprende un vaste obra de reforma applicante le ideas del philosophos e economistas del seculo XVIII. Le annos del Revolution francese es characterisate per un effervescentia del ideas e del debattos in le integre Francia. Le [[Pressa sub le Revolution|pressa]] non sera plenmente libere que inter 1789 e 1792. Le prime labores del Assemblea es dedicate al reforma administrative. Le circumscriptiones administrative del Ancian Regime esseva multo complexe. Le [[Generalitate (Francia)|generalitates]], le [[Governamentos general e particular|governamentos]], le [[Parlamento (Ancian Regime)|parlamentos]] e le [[dioceses]] se superponeva sin haber le mesme limites. Le deputatos se attacca primo al reforma municipal, rendite urgente per le disordine suscitate in le administration per le disturbios del estate. Le lege del 14 de decembre instaura le [[Municipalitate de canton|municipalitate]]. A partir de januario 1790, cata [[Communa (Francia)|communa]] de Francia organisa le election de su eligitos. Illos es le prime electiones del Revolution. Per le lege del {22 de decembre 1789, le Assemblea crea le [[Departamento francese|departamentos]], circumscriptiones al mesme tempore administrative, judiciari e fiscal. In numero de 83, iste departamentos porta nomines ligate a lor geographia physic —cursos de aqua, montanias, mares— e illes es dividite in [[Districto (subdivision departamental, 1790-1795)|districtos]], [[Canton francese|cantones]] e communes. In le primavera 1790, un commission es incaricate per le Assemblea del division de Francia e de responder al litigios occasionate inter le citates candidate al titulo de capite-loco. Le nove administrationes eligite per le [[Citatano active|citatinos active]], id es circa le septime parte del population de ille epocha, entra in function a partir del estate 1790 usque a 1791. ==== Question religiose ==== {{AP|Constitution civil del clero|Clero refractari|Decreto contra le sacerdotes refractari}} [[File:Assignat métallique de 5 Livres, 1791.jpg|alt=Moneta con gravura sur carton al centro, inserite in un corona de metallo de campana.|thumb|250x250px|Assignat metallic de 5 Livres, 1791, Paris, 19 grammos. Gravura sur carton, inserite in un corona de metallo de campana. De un raritate insigni, minus de 10 exemplares cognoscite.]] Le 11 de augusto 1789, le [[decima]] es supprimite<ref group="Note">Al initio supprimite sub reserva de redemption, illa sera definitivamente supprimite, sin compensation, in april 1790.</ref>, privante assi le clero de un parte de su ressources. Le 2 de novembre del mesme anno, super proposition de [[Talleyrand]], [[Lista del episcopos de Autun|episcopo de Autun]], le benes del clero es «mise a disposition» del Nation pro le extinction del debito public. Illos deveni [[benes national]] que sera vendite per lotes pro colmar le deficit del Stato. Le mesme anno, le [[assignato]]s, que devenira un forma de moneta de papiro, es introducite. Vista le urgentia del situation financiari, le Assemblea constituente face del benes national le garantia de un papiro que su detentores potera excambiar contra terra. Usate al initio como bonos del Tresor, illos recipe un curso forciate in april 1790 pro devenir un ver moneta. Assi on emette 400 milliones de assignatos in titulos de {{unitate|1000|livres}}: isto es le initio de un forte periodo de inflation. Un [[Comite ecclesiastic]] es constituite. Le 13 de februario 1790, le [[votos religiose]] es abolite e le [[ordines religiose]] supprimite, salvo, a titulo provisorie, le casas hospitalari e docente. Le municipalitates procede al inventarios durante le menses sequente e reclama sovente le bibliothecas que va servir a constituir le prime fundos del [[bibliothecas municipal]]. Le vendita del benes national comencia in octobre, in grande parte al beneficio del burguesia, que dispone de fundos importante permittente comprar rapidemente<ref>J. Lacouture, ''Le politica religiose del Revolution'', Paris, 1940, {{p.|36-37}}.</ref>. {{double image|right|Prêtre patriote prêtant de bonne foi le serment civique.jpg|160|Prêtre aristocrate fuyant le serment civique.jpg|160|Estampas opponente le {{citation|sacerdote patriota prestante de bon fide le juramento civic}} al {{citation|sacerdote aristocrate}} fugiente le mesme juramento (1790).}} Le [[Constitution civil del clero]], adoptate le 12 de julio 1790 e ratificate per le rege le 24 de augusto 1790<ref>J. Lacouture, ''Le politica religiose del Revolution'', Paris, 1940, p. 31</ref>, transforma le membros del clero in functionarios salariante per le Stato. Le membros del [[clero secular]] es desde ora eligite e debe prestar un juramento in le qual illes se ingagia a acceptar e proteger le nove organisation del clero<ref group="Note">Differente del juramento de fidelitate al Nation, al lege e al rege.</ref>. Secundo un tradition [[Gallicanismo|gallicane]] e [[jansenismo|jansenista]] ben radicate in un parte del burguesia parlamentari, in accordo con un parte del hereditate del [[Lumières (philosophie)|Lumières]] favorabile al laicisation del societate, le deputatos non ha demandate al papa su opinion super le reformas del clero catholic. Le prime clericos comencia a prestar juramento sin attender le opinion del sovrano pontifice. Per decreto del 27 de novembre, le juramento deveni obligatori pro beneficiar del remunerationes e pensiones versate al membros del [[clero constitutional]]. Le ecclesiasticos debe eliger: pote illes acceptar un reforma operate sin le approbation del hierarchia del Ecclesia? Tote le episcopos, salvo quatro (que ha essite fortiate), refusa de prestar lo; illes entra in resistentia passive e, malgrado le suppression de 45 dioceses, continua a ager como si le nove leges non existeva. Le officiales ecclesiastic deputate al Assemblea constituente debe prestar juramento ante le 4 de januario 1791; on conta 99 [[juratores]] inter le 250 deputatos concernite. Ma, in martio 1791, le papa [[Pio VI]] condemna le reformas concernente le Ecclesia de Francia, lo que porta un certe numero de juratores a retractar se. Malgrado le difficultate de stabilir cifras global, on pote estimar a 52 %<ref>{{cite book |first=J. de |last=Viguerie |title=Christianismo e revolution |location=Paris |year=1986 |page=93}}</ref> le proportion de ecclesiasticos non juratores o [[Clero refractari|refractarios]]. Le [[Constitution civil del clero]] ha dividite le population in duo campos antagonistic. Pro [[Jules Michelet|Michelet]], [[François-Auguste Mignet|Mignet]] o [[Alphonse Aulard|Aulard]], illa esseva le grande culpa del Revolution francese. Le drama de 1792-1793 es in germen. Jam in 1790, disturbios inter protestantes e catholicos habeva erupte a [[Nîmes]]<ref>P. de la Gorce, ''Historia religiose del Revolution francese'', Paris, 1922, p. 222-248</ref>. Le question del juramento degenera in confrontation violente in le West, ubi le citates supporta le sacerdotes juratores e le campanias le refractarios. == Fallimento del monarchia constitutional == {{AP|Monarchia constitutional francese (1791-1792)}} === Festa del Federation === {{AP|Festa del Federation}} [[File:Federation.jpg|left|thumb|[[Festa del Federation]], le 14 de julio 1790.]] Un anno post le [[presa del Bastille]], le [[festa del Federation]] date le 14 de julio 1790, al [[Champ-de-Mars (Paris)|Champ-de-Mars]], pro celebrar le avènemento del nove citate<ref name="Bertaud2004p101">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=101}}.</ref>, remanera le plus splendide del festas revolutionari<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Mona Ozouf]] |title=Le festa revolutionari 1789-1799 |publisher=Gallimard |year=1975 |page=61}}</ref> e constitue le coronamento del movimento del federationes provincial{{sfn|Vovelle|1972|p=145}}. Il se tracta, pro le eligitos del [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Constituente]], de affirmar le grande fraternitate revolutionari durante un jornada de union national, durante que milles de cerimonias analoge ha loco simultaneemente in le provincias{{sfn|Soboul|2005|p=439}}. Post un missa celebrate per [[Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord|Talleyrand]], le marchese de [[Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette|La Fayette]], sequite per le [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Corpo legislative]], presta juramento de fidelitate al Nation, al Lege e al Rege, postque Louis XVI e le [[Marie-Antoinette de Austria|Regina]] presta juramento de fidelitate al Nation e al Lege<ref name="Bertaud2004p102-103">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=102-103}}.</ref>. Ben que iste momento de communion national pote facer creder al observatores del epocha que le rege ha acceptate le cambios resultante del Revolution, in facto, il non es assi {{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.I|p=257}}; {{noble-|Louis XVI}}, como de costume, vacilla inter le differente correntes. Voces discordante se face audir e le unitate tanto cercate existe ni in le derecta absolutista, que considera le rege un prisionero, ni mesmo a sinistra, ubi [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] jecta le disordine atacante La Fayette<ref name="Bertaud2004p103">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=103}}.</ref>, e profetisa [[fuga de Louis XVI e arresto a Varennes|Varennes]]{{sfn|Ozouf|1975|p=62}}. Iste [[festa del Federation|festa]], que debe clauder le Revolution, se revela illusori super iste plano tanto como super illo del concordia national{{sfn|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=438-439}}. Le populo, tamen, crede sempre in le monarchia e exclama {{citation|Viva le Rege!}}. === Varennes e su consequentias === {{AP|Fuga de Varennes}} [[File:Duplessi-Bertaux – Arrivée de Louis XVI à Paris. - Archives Nationales - AE-II-3032.jpg|thumb|left|Arrivo de {{noble-|Louis XVI}} a Paris, le 25 de junio 1791, post su [[Fuga de Varennes|fuga abortate a Varennes]].]] Durante iste periodo, Louis XVI possede importante prerogativas constitutional, le [[Monarchia constitutional francese (1791-1792)|systema monarchic]] non es contestate<ref>[[Michel Vovelle]], ''Le Revolution francese (1789-1799)'', Edition Armand Collin 1992, {{p.|58}}.</ref> e le figura regal es ancora poc atacate<ref>Elyada Ouzi, «Le representation popular del imagine regal ante Varennes», ''Annales historiques de la Révolution française'', {{n°|297}}, 1994, {{p.|527-546}} {{lire en linea|url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/ahrf_0003-4436_1994_num_297_1_1857}}.</ref>, le tentativa de [[Fuga de Varennes|fuga del rege]], le 20 e 21 de junio 1791, es un date clave del Revolution<ref>{{cite journal |author=Mona Ozouf |title=Le terribile culpa de fugir a Varennes… |journal=L'Histoire |issue=303 |date=novembre 2005a |pages=52}}</ref>: illa rompe le ligamines symbolic uniente le rege al nation<ref>{{cite book |author=Mona Ozouf |title=Varennes. Le morte del regalitate, 21 junio 1791 |publisher=Gallimard |year=2005b |isbn=2070771695}}</ref>, accelera le desacralisation del persona regal<ref>Raymonde Monnier, «Evolution de un thema republican in revolution: le expressiones del tyrannicidio in le crise de Varennes», in Philippe Bourdin, Mathias Bernard, Jean-Claude Caron, ''Le Voce e le gesto'', Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, 2005, {{nb p.|381}} {{ISBN|9782845162761}}, {{p.|29-47}}, e ''Ibid.'' {{p.|12}}; William Doyle, «Un desacralisation a desacralisar? A proposito de un interpretation recente del monarchia francese al seculo XVII», in Anne-Marie Cocula, Josette Pontet, ''Itinerarios spiritual, interesses material in Europa: Miscelanea offerite a Philippe Loupès'', vol. 2, Presses Univ de Bordeaux, 2005, {{nb p.|416}} {{ISBN|9782867813696}}, {{p.|389}}; Monique Cottret, ''Occider le tyranno? Le tyrannicidio in le Europa moderne'', Fayard, 2009, {{nb p.|456}} {{ISBN|9782213653914}}.</ref> e le inversion del opinion a su respecto<ref>Joël Cornette, «Le imagine que occide: del patre del populo al rege-porco», ''L'Histoire'', {{n°|303}}, novembre 2005, {{p.|50}}; [[Annie Duprat]], ''Le Reges de papiro. Le caricatura de Henri III a Louis XVI'', Belin, 2002, {{Nb p.|367}} {{ISBN|9782701129754}}; Annie Duprat, ''Le rege decapitate: ensayo super le imaginarios politic'', CERF, 1992 {{ISBN|9782204045407}} {{p.|58}} e sequentes.</ref> e relance finalmente le timor del comploto interne preparante le invasion, provocante un serie de leges de urgentia que prefigura le Terror<ref>Timothy Tackett, ''Le rege fugiente: Varennes e le origine del Terror'', La Découverte, 2004, {{nb p.|285}} {{ISBN|9782707142382}}.</ref>. Illa conduce a un division inter jacobinos monarchic constitutional e jacobinos democratic{{sfn|Soboul|2005|p=588}}. Le primeiros, como [[Jean-Sylvain Bailly|Bailly]], [[Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette|La Fayette]] o [[Antoine Barnave|Barnave]], pressate de terminar le Revolution, prepara le legenda del rapto del rege e, per le [[Decreto in Francia|decretos]] del 15 e 16 de julio, le face declarar innocente e restabilir in su functiones. Illes provoca un scission, le prime, in le seno del revolutionarios, jam le 16 de julio 1791: un petition reclamante le accusation del rege e le organisation de un nove poter executive<ref group="Note">Durante le fuga del rege, le pais habeva vivite sin ille e se habeva rendite conto que un rege non esseva indispensabile; desde alora un altere regime esseva envisageabile. - {{cite book |author=Bernardine Melchior-Bonnet |title=Le Revolution francese (1789-1799) |publisher=Librairie Larousse |year=1988 |page=34}}</ref>, initiate per Pétion e Laclos al club del [[Club del Cordeliers|Cordeliers]], recipe le supporto de un parte —reducite— del [[Club del Jacobinos]] e provoca, in revanche, le partida de un majoritate de membros, qui funda le Club del [[Club del Feuillants|Feuillants]], del qual illes prendera le nom{{sfn|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=451}}. [[File:Fusillade du Champ de Mars (1791, 17 juillet).jpg|thumb|[[Fusilamento del Champ-de-Mars]], le 17 de julio 1791.<br> [[Estampa]] designate per [[Jean-Louis Prieur]] e [[Gravura|gravate]] per [[Pierre-Gabriel Berthault]], Paris, [[Bibliotheca national de Francia|BnF]].]] Le die sequente, 17 de julio, le petition es depositate al [[Champ-de-Mars (Paris)|Champ-de-Mars]], ubi se reuni un turba de 5000 personas<ref group="Note">Le [[fusilamento del Champ-de-Mars]] es un evento multo importante, proque, le 17 julio, pro le prime vice, citatanos exi del principios de 1789, reclamante con fortia le deposition del rege e un Republica. {{harvsp|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=34}}.</ref>. A causa de incidentes, le [[lege martial]] es proclamate per le [[Municipalitate de canton|municipalitate]], dirigite per [[Jean-Sylvain Bailly|Bailly]]. [[Gilbert du Motier de La Fayette|La Fayette]] face tirar contra le turba. Le [[fusilamento del Champ-de-Mars]]<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Jean-Clément Martin]] |title=Le Francia in Revolution (1789-1799) |publisher=Edition Belin |year=1990 |pages=114–115}}</ref>, que causara 50 mortos, crea un ruptura durabile inter le monarchistas constitutional e le altere revolutionarios, democratic<ref>[[André Castelot]], [[G. Lenotre]], ''Le Grande Horas del Revolution francese – Le Agonia del regalitate'', tomo I, Paris, Perrin 1962, {{p.|324-327}}.</ref>, como [[Georges Danton|Danton]], [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] o [[Robespierre]], o republicanos como [[Nicolas de Condorcet|Condorcet]]. Le opiniones se radicalisa ancora. Journalistas e pamphletistas revolutionari multiplica le attaccos e grosserias al reguardo del Rege e del [[Marie-Antoinette de Austria|Regina]]<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Michel Winock]] |title=Le fallimento contra le rege 1791-1792 |publisher=Olivier Orban |year=1991 |pages=96–97}}</ref>, durante que le jornales royalista como «[[Le Amico del rege]]» o «[[Le Actos del apostolos]]» predica le resistentia aperte al cambios<ref group="Note">Post le electiones legislative, le derecta absolutista e le «Nigros» (le derecta dure), qui predicava un retorno al situation anterior al Revolution, habeva perdite tote lor credito desde Varennes. Illes disparera del scena politic usque al fin del Convention - {{harvsp|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=48}}.</ref>. Un repression —ordinate per le [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Assemblea constituente]]— se abatte super le [[Club del Cordeliers]] (que debe clauder temporarimente) e super le jornales (que es prohibite). [[Georges Danton|Danton]], [[Momoro]], [[Antoine Joseph Santerre|Santerre]], [[Jacques-René Hébert|Hébert]] fugi in [[Anglaterra]]; [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] se cela in un cantina, Robespierre presso un amico, [[Maurice Duplay|Duplay]]{{sfn|Martin|1990|p=115}}. Un [[Amnestia in Francia|amnestia]] sequera in septembre sequente{{sfn|Vovelle|1999|p=166}}. Le position del monarchistas constitutional pare fortificate{{sfn|Winock|1991|p=107}}. Le grande majoritate del deputatos vole creder al sinceritate del rege assi como a su attachamento al [[Monarchia constitutional francese (1791-1792)|nove regime]] e renova lor confidentia in ille<ref>Frédéric Bluche, Stéphane Rials, [[Jean Tulard]], {{Opcit}}, {{p.|67}}</ref>{{,}}{{sfn|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=46}}. === Constitution de 1791 === [[File:Proclamation de la Constitution, place du Marché des Innocents.jpg|thumb|left|redresse|Proclamation del [[Constitution de 1791|Constitution]] super le [[Place Joachim-du-Bellay|placia del mercato del Innocentes]], septembre 1791.]] {{AP|Constitution de 1791}} [[File:Louis XVI, roi citoyen.PNG|thumb|redresse|In 1791, [[Jean-François Carteaux]] pinta un retrato equestri de {{noble-|Louis XVI}} como monarcha constitutional, con un tricorne ornato de un cocarda tricolor. Le rege tene un espada super le qual es gravate le inscription « LA LEGE. »]] Le [[Constitution de 1791|Constitution de 1791]], finite le 3 de septembre, es acceptate le 13 per le rege, qui presta juramento de fidelitate le die sequente{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=36}}. Le [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Constituentes]] reprende le ideas de [[Montesquieu]], super le separation del poderes, e de [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau|Rousseau]], super le sovranitate popular assi como super le suprematia del [[poter legislative]]{{sfn|Furet|Ozouf|2007|p=315}}. Ma lor application troppo stricte consacra un separation troppo rigide inter le executive e le legislative; assi, le [[Constitution de 1791|Constitution]] non prevede nihil pro resolver le desacordos inter illes{{sfn|Furet|Ozouf|2007|p=334}} e, plus grave, con le [[Drecho de veto|veto regal]], le redactoros non ha previste le caso de [[Guerras del Revolution francese|guerra]]<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Jacques Godechot]] |title=Le Constitutiones de Francia desde 1789 |publisher=Éditions Flammarion |year=2006 |orig-year=1979 |page=69}} — de facto, ja le 25 de novembre 1791, le Constitution es atacate in le Assemblea per medio del persona del rege, accusate de voler, con su veto, proteger le inimicos del Revolution. {{harvsp|Winock|1991|p=161}}).</ref>. Le rege possede le [[poter executive]] e, mesmo si su autoritate directe es multo limitate, ille porta le titulo de representante del Nation, es irresponsabile e inviolabile ante le [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|Assemblea]], que pote nihil contra ille. Le rege dispone de un [[Drecho de veto|veto]] suspensive super tote le decretos — un [[decreto in Francia|decreto]] rejectate non pote esser presentate de novo durante le duo legislaturas sequente (in toto quasi 6 annos){{sfn|Godechot|2006|p=53}}. Il continua etiam a nominar le [[ministros]], eligite extra le Assemblea, le [[ambassadores]], le chefes del armea e le [[alte functionarios]]{{sfn|Vovelle|1999|p=176}}. === Assemblea legislative === {{AP|Electiones legislative francese de 1791}} Le poter legislative, que se reuni a partir del 1 de octobre 1791, es confidite a un assemblea unic de 745 deputatos eligite per [[suffragio censitari|suffragio censitari masculin]] a duo grados, le [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|Assemblea national legislative]]. Le lege electoral adoptate per le Constituente le 4 de decembre 1789 divide le citatanos in duo categorias: le citatanos «[[Citatan active|active]]» qui, pagante le «[[cens (imposto)|cens]]», ha le derecto de [[voto]], e le citatanos «passive» qui, non pagante lo, non vota<ref group=Note>Le recercas ducite per Jacques Godechot — admittite per numerose historicos — ha demonstrate que le suffragio censitari, mesmo si illo restringe le corpore electoral, se ha monstrate lontan de esser restrictive e demobilisante.{{harvsp|Godechot|1965|p=306-309}} — vider [[Electiones legislative francese de 1791]].</ref>. Assi, super un population estimate a 24 milliones de habitantes, Francia conta circa 4,3 milliones de «citatanos active» e 3 milliones de citatanos «passive»<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Jacques Godechot]] |title=Le Revolutiones (1770-1799) |publisher=Éditions PUF |year=1965 |page=307}} — Iste autor pone in guardia contra iste cifras que, secundo ille, nunquam ha essite verificate seriemente.</ref>. Le deputatos, eligite, es homines nove<ref group="Note>Le majoritate de iste nove eligitos non es neophytos. Desde 1789 illes ha facite lor apprentissage politic in le assembleas communal e departamental. {{harvsp|Soboul|1962|loc=t.I|p=256}}.</ref>, le [[Assemblea constituente de 1789|Constituentes]] habente decidite le 16 de maio 1791 que nulle de lor membros poterea presentar se de novo al [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|legislatura sequente]]. Illes es benestante e plus tosto juvene. Iste nove eligitos habera le carga de poner in practica le [[Constitution de 1791|nove Constitution]]{{sfn|Godechot|1988|p=86}}. Le derecta es ora representate per 250 membros del [[Club del Feuillants|Feuillants]], partisans sincere del [[Monarchia constitutional francese (1791-1792)|monarchia constitutional]], cuje objectivo es terminar le Revolution; le [[Marais (Revolution francese)|centro]] o independentes, que es nominate etiam «partito constitutional», con 345 deputatos non inscribite, representa le gruppo le plus importante. Le [[Sinistra (politica)|sinistra]] es representate per 136 membros inscribite al [[Club del Jacobinos]], essencialmente le future [[Gironde (Revolution francese)|Girondinos]], e finalmente le extreme sinistra, poco numerose, es representate per le revolutionarios le plus avantiate<ref group="Note">Tal es [[Christophe Antoine Merlin|Merlin]] de [[Thionville]], [[Claude Basire|Bazire]] e [[François Chabot|Chabot]], «le trio cordelier», e alcun democraticos partisans del [[suffragio universal]] como [[Robert Lindet]], [[Georges Couthon|Couthon]], e [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot|Carnot]]. Lor influentia super le Assemblea es quasi nulle, ma, in revanche, lor ascendente super le clubs e le societates popular es incontestabile. {{harvsp|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=47}}; {{harvsp|Soboul|1962|loc=t.I|p=272}}.</ref>. Le Feuillants habeva rupto definitivamente con le Jacobinos le 25 de septembre 1791, post que lor leaders Barnave, le fratres Lameth, Adrien Duport e Goupil de Prefeln, le die precedente habeva facite revocar in le colonias le derectos del homines de color libere accordate le 15 de maio 1791 a un parte de illes<ref>Jacques Thibau, ''Le tempore de Saint-Domingue; le sclavitude e le Revolution francese'', Paris, Jean-Claude Lattès, 1989</ref>. Le sclavitude remaneva mantenite malgrado le «pereant le colonias» de Maximilien Robespierre, pronunciate le 13 de maio, e le plano detaliate de abolition, proponite le 11 de maio per «un obscur deputato del Vermondois» [[Jean Louis de Viefville des Essarts|Viefville des Essarts]]<ref>Aimé Césaire, Toussaint-Louverture, ''Le Revolution francese e le problema colonial'', Paris, 1981 (1961) {{p.|172-181}}</ref>. ==== Agitation social e religiose ==== Le precio del pan remane elevate e disturbios agita sporadicamente le citates e le campanias. Le nove episcopos, eligite desde januario per le [[Citatan active|citatanos active]], es consacrate a partir de februario e se installa in lor dioceses. Illes debe reclutar parochos e ordinar [[seminarista]]s qui ha solmente un formation rudimentari<ref>A. Mathiez, ''Le question religiose sub le revolution'', {{p.|78}}.</ref>. Le nove parochos se installa a partir de februario in Paris; in le provincias, le electiones es plus tardive e marcate per un forte abstention. Pro certe illas se prolonga usque a februario 1792<ref>J. Cl. Meyer, ''Le vita religiose in Haute-Garonne sub le Revolution'', Toulouse, 1982.</ref>. Super toto, conforme al decretos publicate inter 1790 e 1792, le circumscriptiones parochial es reorganisate e un numero multo grande es supprimite, lo que declanche un fluxo de protestationes. Si le clausura del ecclesia es decidite, il ha un tumulto, como a [[La Fosse-de-Tigné]] ([[Maine-et-Loire]]), ubi le parocho constitutional que debe effectuar lo es recipite per feminas qui le menacia de morte e le jecta petras{{sfn|Viguerie|1986|p=105-106}}. ==== Declaration de guerra ==== {{AP|Declaration de guerra de Francia al rege de Bohemia e de Hungaria}} [[File:Grande armée du ci-devant prince de Condé.jpg|thumb|left|[[Estampa]] caricaturante le {{citation|[[ci-devant]] [[Louis V Joseph de Bourbon-Condé|principe de Condé]]}} e le [[Emigration francese (1789-1815)|emigratos]] a [[Coblentia]], durante que illes joca con [[parve soldatos]] in loco de un {{citation|grande armea}} (Paris, [[Bibliotheca national de Francia|BnF]], 1791).]] [[File:Emperor Leopold II.jpg|thumb|redresse|Leopold II (imperator del Sacro Imperio), imperator del [[Sacro Imperio roman germanic|Sacro Imperio]].]] Le [[Emigration francese (1789-1815)|emigratos]], reunite a [[Coblentia]] circa le [[Charles X|comte de Artois]], demanda insistentemente al sovranos estranier de intervenir in le affaires francese. Le 31 de octobre 1791, le [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|Assemblea national legislative]] vota un decreto que exige del emigratos que illes retorna in Francia intra un termino de duo menses, sub pena de vider lor proprietates confiscate<ref group="Note">Le comte de Provence, in particular, es sommate de retornar in Francia intra duo menses, sub pena de perder su derectos durante un eventual regentia.</ref>; le 29 de novembre sequente, duo altere decretos es votate: le prime concernente le [[Elector de Treveris]], qui debe disperder le armea del emigratos<ref name="Lefebvre1930p102">{{harvsp|Lefebvre|Guyot|Sagnac|1930|p=102}}.</ref>, le secunde impone le juramento civic al sacerdotes refractari, sub pena de privation de pension o mesmo de deportation in caso de disturbio del ordine public. Contra le opinion del derecta moderate<ref group="Note">I.e. le Feuillants qui es al ministerio e consilia le rege; illes es divise con le Feuillants lamethistas (o fayettistas), partisans de un guerra limitate que permitterea a Lafayette victorios de fortificar su position, durante que le monarchia constitutional se fortificarea per le expulsion del Jacobinos.</ref>, le rege oppone su veto al decretos que colpe le emigratos e le sacerdotes refractari, ma accepta de sommar le Elector de Treveris, vassallo del imperator del [[Sacro Imperio roman germanic|Sacro Imperio]], lo que constitue un ver [[casus belli]]{{refinc|{{sfn|Furet|Richet|2008|p=148-149}}}}. Le voto e le decreto que seque le annexion, le 13 de septembre 1791, de [[Avignon]] e del [[Comtat Venaissin]]<ref group="Note">Post haber longemente hesitate, le Constituentes decreta un referendum. Le voto essente positive, iste estados es annexe al Francia.</ref>, usque alora possessiones pontifical, pois le affaire del [[principes possessionate]], particularmente illes de [[Principes possessionate de Alsatia|Alsatia]], qui se considera spoliat per le abolition del derectos feudal in lor feudos, diffunde alarmas in tote le cortes de Europa{{sfn|Godechot|1965|p=157}}. Ma le sovrano Leopold II de Austria, qui, desde le initio del Revolution, ha facite solmente un [[Declaration de Pillnitz|declaration]] commun e prudente con le [[Frederico-Guillermo II de Prussia|rege de Prussia]]<ref group="Note">Le declaration de Pillnitz del 27 de augusto 1791 non es accompaniate de nulle mesura precise, limitante se a designar le periculo que menacia le throno de {{noble-|Louis XVI}} invitante le altere sovranos a unir lor fortias al sue: «alora e in iste caso» illes passarea al action; ma toto isto esseva submittite a un eventual accordo con altere potentias europee. {{harvsp|Furet|Richet|1973|p=146}}.</ref>, supprime, le 21 de decembre 1791, le principal pretexto<ref group="Note">{{noble-|Leopold II}} non se oppone a que {{noble-|Louis XVI}} demanda al Elector de Treveris de expulsar le emigratos de su possessiones.</ref> que poterea conducer a un declaration de guerra<ref name="Lefebvre1930p106">{{harvsp|Lefebvre|Guyot|Sagnac|1930|p=106}}.</ref>. Francia in iste autumno de 1791 non es menaciate per nulle potentia estranie{{sfn|Winock|1991|p=151}}. Nihil obstante, plure partitos interne desira le guerra: le rege in prime loco, qui spera secretemente un derrota de Francia pro restabilir completemente su throno; un parte del Feuillants al poter, tal como Lafayette, in cerca de un certe gloria militar; un parte del [[Club del Jacobinos|Jacobinos]], ducite per [[Jacques Pierre Brissot|Brissot]] e Vergniaud, qui vide in un guerra le medio de canalizar le agitation popular, de consolidar le Revolution, de propagar le ideas revolutionari in Europa<ref name="Bertaud2004p143-1442">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=143-144}}.</ref>, e mesmo de aperir nove mercados economic. [[File:Jakobinerklub.jpg|thumb|Estampa satiric monarchista representante le debate super le guerra al [[Club del Jacobinos]] in januario 1792 (Paris, BnF, 1792).]] Es a iste momento que se esquissa le confrontation inter Girondinos e Montagnardos. A partir de decembre 1791, [[Robespierre]], [[Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne|Billaud-Varenne]], [[Camille Desmoulins]], [[Georges Danton]], [[François Nicolas Anthoine]], [[Philibert Simond]], [[François Amédée Doppet]], [[Antoine Joseph Santerre]], [[Étienne-Jean Panis]], supportate o entraînate per le jornales, ''[[Le Patre Duchesne (Revolution francese)|Le Patre Duchesne]]'' de Hébert, ''Le Revolutiones de Paris'' de Louis Prudhomme e Sylvain Maréchal, ''Le Amico del populo'' de Marat, ''Le Orator del populo'' de Fréron, ''Le Septimana politic e litterari'' de Dusaulchoix e, plus moderate, ''Le Jornal universal'' de Pierre-Jean Audouin, duce un campanha contra le guerra<ref>[[Gérard Walter]], ''Maximilien de Robespierre'', Paris, Gallimard, 1961.</ref> que illes considera contrario al spirito pacific del Revolution, inscribite in le constitution de 1791<ref>Jean-Daniel Piquet, «Le declaration constitutional de pace a Europa, grande thema de debate inter 1791 e 1794», Monique Cubells ({{dir.}}), ''Le Revolution francese, le guerra e le frontiera'', Paris, CTHS, 2000.</ref>. Illes estima etiam que le inimicos interne del Revolution es plus periculose que le emigratos e debe esser combattet in prioritate. Ma in le assemblea legislative, specialmente post le morte de {{noble-|Leopold II}}, le 2 de martio 1792, le solution del guerra va imponer se<ref>Frédéric Bluche, Stéphane Rials, Jean Tulard, ''Le Revolution francese'', PUF, 2007 p. 71.</ref>. Louis XVI dimitte su ministros Feuillants hostil al guerra e nomina ministros girondinos qui le es favorabile. Le 20 april 1792, sur proposition de su parte e post un voto con un esmagante majoritate del [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|Assemblea legislative]], le [[Guerras del Revolution francese|guerra]] es declarate al «[[Francisco I de Austria|rege de Bohemia e de Hungaria]]», i.e. al [[Archiducato de Austria|Austria]] sol e non al Imperio<ref name="Lefebvre1930p1102">{{harvsp|Lefebvre|Guyot|Sagnac|1930|p=110}}.</ref>. ==== Vetos regal ==== [[File:Bouillon Vérité Journée du 20 juin 1792 Couleurs 1796.jpg|thumb|left|redresse|Confrontation inter le insurrectos e {{noble-|Louis XVI}} al [[Palatio del Tuileries|Tuileries]] durante le [[Jornada del 20 junio 1792]].]] Le initio del guerra es catastrofic: le armea francese, totalmente disorganisate per le emigration de un parte del officieros nobiles, suffre su prime derrotas<ref group="Note">Le armea es etiam in presa de un conflicto politic e social que oppone le truppa e le commando aristocratic; le confidentia non existe plus e le disciplina se resente. {{harvsp|Soboul|1962|loc=t.I|p=284}}.</ref> que lassa le frontieras nord e nord-est disguarnite. Iste eventos developpa inter le patriotas un sentimento de traition verso le Corte, le aristocratas e le [[sacerdotes refractari]]. Sub le impulsion del Girondinos, le [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|Assemblea]] vota alora tres decretos de precaution e de defensa organisante le deportation del sacerdotes refractari (27 de maio), le dissolution del [[Guardia constitutional del Rege|guardia del rege]] (29 de maio) e le constitution de un campo de [[Guardia national (1789)|guardias national]] (federatos) pro defender Paris (8 de junio)<ref>[[Albert Mathiez]], ''Le dece augusto'', Les Éditions de la Passion, 1989, {{p.|18-19}}.</ref>. Le 12 de junio, {{noble-|Louis XVI}} dimitte su ministros girondinos e, le 13, oppone su veto al decretos super le refractarios e super le federatos. Iste situation vale al Rege le sobrenomine de «Monsieur Veto» e provoca le [[Jornada del 20 junio 1792|20 de junio 1792]] un nove jornada revolutionari durante le qual le populo investe le [[Palatio del Tuileries|Tuileries]]. Ma le rege, durante que ille accepta le humiliation de portar le bonetto frigian ante le [[sans-culottes]], refusa de revenir super su decision{{sfn|Godechot|1988|p=105}}. Le entrata in guerra del [[Regno de Prussia|Prussia]] al latere de Austria (6 de julio) obliga le Assemblea legislative a circumvenir le veto regal proclamante «[[le patria in periculo]]» le 11 de julio 1792 e demandante a tote le voluntarios de affluir verso Paris<ref group="Note">Iste proclamation, que sera annunciate in Paris solmente le 22 e 23 julio, ha pro objectivo provocar [[Voluntarios national durante le Revolution|nove inscriptiones inter le voluntarios national]] e incitar le autoritates a organisar illes mesme le defensa. {{harvsp|Godechot|1988|p=108}}.</ref>. In 1792, {{noble-|Louis XVI}} habeva solmente sanctionate le 4 de april le decreto que supprimiva in le colonias le discriminationes inter le Blancos e le homines de color libere. Le deputatos brissotinos menava campanha in le assemblea legislative de octobre 1791 a martio 1792 e faceva mesmo supprimer tote le discriminationes imposte per le decreto del 15 de maio, ma lassante tamen de latere le question del derecto al libertate del sclavos, pro le qual solmente un pugno de deputatos, como Mathieu Blanc-Gilli, Merlin de Thionville, Jacques Brival, Condorcet, appellava al emancipation<ref>Jean Jaurès, ''Historia socialista del Revolution francese'', Editions sociales tomo 2 Le legislative; Aimé Césaire, ''Toussaint-Louverture le revolution francese e le question colonial'', 1981(1961); Yves Benot, ''Le revolution francese e le fin del colonias'', Paris, 2004 (1987); Jean-Daniel Piquet, ''Le emancipation del Nigros in le revolution francese (1789-1795)'', Paris Karthala, 2002.</ref>. == Cadita del monarchia, le 10 de augusto 1792 == {{AP|Jornada del 10 augusto 1792}} [[File:Jacques Bertaux - Der Tuileriensturm am 10. August 1792.jpg|thumb|redresse=1.3|[[Jornada del 10 augusto 1792|Presa del Tuileries le 10 de augusto 1792]], pictura a oleo super tela per [[Jacques Bertaux]], museo del [[Castello de Versailles]].]] Inspirate per [[Axel de Fersen]]<ref>Stefan Zweig, ''Marie-Antoinette''.</ref>, le [[Manifesto de Brunswick]], redigite a [[Coblentia|Coblentia]] le 25 de julio 1792, es cognoscite in Paris le 1 de augusto sequente; iste texto, que promitte al Parisianos «un execution militar e un subversion total» si le minima violentia es facite contra le familia regal, non lassa plus nulle dubita al patriotas super le traition del rege. De un maladressa rar, iste documento, lontan de effrayer le [[sans-culottes]], inflammava le [[sectiones revolutionari de Paris|sectiones parisian]] durante que ille les dava le pretexto cercate pro relanciar le Revolution e facer cader le monarchia{{sfn|Vovelle|1972|p=261}}. {{noble-|Louis XVI}}, ben que al currente del publication futur, non succede a limitar su tono e su portata<ref>{{cite book |title=Louis XVIII |subtitle=Le Désiré |author=[[Georges Bordonove]] |year=1989 |url=https://www.google.fr/books/edition/Louis_XVIII/8yI8BgAAQBAJ |chapter=Le Manifeste de Brunswick}}</ref>. [[File:Georges Danton.jpg|thumb|left|[[Georges Jacques Danton|Danton]].]] Dirigite tanto contra le [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|Assemblea]] como contra le rege<ref>Albert Mathiez, ''Le Revolution francese'', Librairie Armand Colin, 1922, {{p.|211}}.</ref>, pauc jornadas revolutionari ha essite preparate plus longemente e plus methodicamente que iste jornada del [[10 augusto 1792]]<ref>Jean Massin, ''Robespierre'', Club français du livre, 1956, {{p.|123}}.</ref>. Assi, durante le nocte del 9 al 10 de augusto, un [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune insurrectional]] se forma al [[Hotel de citate de Paris|Hotel de Citate]] e replacia le municipalitate legalmente establite. Al prime luce del die, le insurrectos, componite de [[Guardia national (1789)|guardias national]] del suburbios patriotic e de federatos, se presenta ante le Tuileries, defendite per voluntarios nobiles, le Guardia suisse e un pugno de guardias national. Contenite pro un tempore, e malgrado pesante perditas, le insurrectos prende le palatio per assalto; illo es investite e pillate e un parte del Guardia suisse es massacrate{{Note|group=Note|Le vulneratos es occidite durante que le major parte del servitores del palatio es massacrate e solmente le feminas es sparmiate. Alcun gentilhomines, vestite civilmente, arriva a escapar miscent se con le turba.}}. Tamen, ante le attacco, le rege, accompaniate per le familia regal, se ha refugiate in le recinto del Assemblea legislative, que le recipe con respecto, ma le suspende de su functiones post le successo complete del movimento insurrectional{{sfn|Vovelle|1972|p=262}}. In le mesme tempore es decretate le election de un [[Convention national]] que, sol, potera decider le deposition del sovrano e habera le carga de rediger un nove constitution{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=12}}. Le vespere del [[Jornada del 10 augusto 1792|10 de augusto]], le Assemblea legislative designa per acclamation un [[Creation del Consilio executive le 11 augusto 1792|consilio executive provisorio]] comprendente sex ministros<ref group="Note">In facto, il es practicamente le insimul del governamento patriotico (Girondino) del mense de martio 1792 que es reconducite: [[Jean-Marie Roland de La Platière|Roland]] al Interior, [[Étienne Clavière|Clavière]] al Finantias, [[Joseph Servan|Servan]] al Guerra, al quales on adde [[Georges Danton|Danton]] al Justitia, [[Gaspard Monge|Monge]] al Marine e [[Lebrun-Tondu]] al Affaires estranier.</ref>; ma le Assemblea legislative ha devenite un simple [[camera de registration]]: es le nove [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune de Paris]] que accumula le poderes{{sfn|Martin|1990|p=134}}. [[File:Massacre châtelet 1792.jpg|thumb|Le [[Massacres de septembre|massacres de Septembre]] al [[Grand Châtelet|Châtelet]] e a [[Bicêtre]].<br> [[Gravura]] anonyme, Paris, [[Bibliotheca national de Francia|BnF]], [[Departamento del estampas e del fotografia del Bibliotheca national de Francia|departamento del estampas e del fotografia]], 1792.]] Le entrata in guerra del [[Regno de Prussia|Prussia]] al latere del [[Sacro Imperio roman germanic|Austria]] es decidite per le rege Frederico-Guillermo II de Prussia contra le opinion de su avunculo le [[Henri de Prussia (1726-1802)|principe Henri]]; iste ultime habeva discutite personalemente le propositiones de reforma con Necker durante le hiberno 1788/1789 a Paris e esseva un sympathisante del revolution constitutional, como [[Philippe Égalité]]<ref>Eva Ziebura, ''Prinz Heinrich von Preußen. Biographie'', Aufbau-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Berlin 2004, {{ISBN|3-7466-1770-7}}.</ref>. Le intervention del Prussia precipita le reprise del operationes militar e le 19 de augusto, post haber facite lor jonction, le truppas inimic penetra in Francia e face cader le placias fortificate un post le altere<ref>Michel Vovelle, ''Le Revolution francese'', tomo III, Éditions Messidor, 1986, {{p.|157}}.</ref>. Le periculo es extreme e es in iste contexto que [[Georges Danton|Danton]] declara le 2 de septembre 1792: «De audacia, ancora de audacia, sempre de audacia e le Patria es salve». Considerante que solmente le inimicos interne es responsabile del situation<ref>{{cite book |author=Pierre Caron |title=Le Massacres de Septembre |location=Paris |publisher=La maison du livre français |year=1935 |pages=107 e 114}}</ref>{{,}}<ref>[https://warwick.ac.uk/fac/arts/history/students/modules/comparative_revolutions/programme/frenchrev2/furet_terror.pdf F. Furet & M. Ozouf (1989) A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution, {{p.|139}}]</ref>, un gruppo de 200 a 300 personas se rende le 2 de septembre 1792 in le novem carceres de Paris e massacra ibi le medietate de illes qui se trova incarcerate: tote le [[sacerdotes refractari]], le suspectos de activitates [[contra-revolution]], le falsificatores de [[assignatos]], tote le galeotos, detenetos de derecto commun e mesmo 60 infantes{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=57}}{{,}}<ref>{{cite book |author=Frédéric Bluche |title=Septembre 1792: logicas de un massacre |publisher=Laffont |year=1986 |page=235}}</ref>{{,}}{{sfn|Caron|1935|p=95}}. Le occisiones, cognoscite sub le nom de [[Massacres de septembre|massacres de Septembre]], durara usque al 6 de septembre in Paris sin que le autoritates administrative osa intervenir{{sfn|Bluche|1986|p=93-95}}, e le deputatos non le condemnara ante le 29 de octobre{{Note|group=Note|Post le [[Cadita de Robespierre|9-Thermidor]] (27 julio 1794) e, malgrado le amnestia decretate per le Convention ante su separation, le instruction del massacres continuara su curso e trenta-novem sera judicate in maio 1796. Solmente tres sera condemnate a vinti annos de ferramentos{{sfn|Bluche|1986|p=210}}.}}. === Fortias presente al Convention === {{AP|Electiones legislative francese de 1792}} [[File:Salle du manège le 10 août 1792.jpg|thumb|left|200px|[[Sala del Manège]] del [[Palatio del Tuileries|Tuileries]] ubi se reuni le [[Convention national]].]] [[File:Jacques Pierre Brissot de Warville.jpg|thumb|redresse|[[Jacques Pierre Brissot]], figura del [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|Gironda]].<br> Tela de Fouquet, castellos de Versailles e de Trianon, 1792.]] Le [[Electiones legislative francese de 1792|electiones]] al [[Convention national|Convention]] comencia in le assembleas primari e se face pro le prime vice le 2 de septembre per suffragio universal (masculin): le participation es multo basse{{Note|group=Note|Comparate con le precedente, iste suffragio permitte al Francese de {{nobr|21 annos}}, domiciliates e vivente de lor labor, incluse le domesticos e le citatanos « passive » (citatanos qui non paga impostos) de votar. Assi, inter tres e quatro milliones de « passive » obtene le citatanitate, ma solmente {{formatnum:700000}} votantes sur {{nobr|7 milliones}} que contava le corpore electoral se rende al urnas; cifra proxime a illos del monarchia censitari, ma pro le prime vice le parve populo se manifesta ibi. Le nomination del deputatos pertine dunque a un majority ridiculmente parve{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1972|p=56-57}}.}}. On constata un forte progression del [[Montagne (Revolution francese)|montagnardos]]{{sfn|Godechot|2006|p=70}}. Duo campos antagonistic se oppone: le [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|girondinos]], qui diffide del clubs, del [[sectiones revolutionari de Paris|sectiones parisian]] e del [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune de Paris]]{{Note|group=Note|Post haber relanceate le Revolution con le declaration de guerra del 20 de april 1792, le girondinos, post le 10 de augusto, es hostil a omne nove perturbation politic{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=61}}.}}, trova lor appoios in le provincias e inter le ricca burguesia del commercio e del manufacturas{{Note|group=Note|Pro illes, le ricchessa fundiari e le capital commercial es le sol factores de consolidation social. Como le Montagnardos, illes es attachate al principio del proprietate e vide in omne restriction autoritari un menacia capace de declanchar un escalation disastrose{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1972|p=60}}.}}. Illes es multo attachate al libertates individual e economic de 1789 e repugna le mesuras de exception. Illes es dirigite per [[Jacques-Pierre Brissot|Brissot]], [[Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud|Vergniaud]], [[Jérôme Pétion de Villeneuve|Pétion]], [[Jean-Marie Roland de la Platière|Roland]] o plus tarde [[François Buzot|Buzot]]. Le [[Montagne (Revolution francese)|Montagnardos]], qui sede sur le bancos le plus alte —|de ubi lor nomine—, se identifica con le [[Club del Jacobinos|Jacobinos]]; lor electorado es essentialmente parisian e se trova inter le artesanos rural e le parve explotatores. Iste defensores del causa popular es, como le girondinos, burgueses provincial qui diffide del extremos{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1972|p=60-61}}. Habiendo comprendite que, pro vincer, le Revolution non poteva dispensar del concurso del populo, illes succede a attraher a lor causa iste [[Paris]] popular, facite de obreros, artesanos e parve commerciantes{{Note|group=Note|Assi le populo, gratias al guerra, irrumpe sur le scena politic<ref>Albert Soboul, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|299}}.</ref>.}}, e es preste a prender mesuras de exception pro salvar le Patria. Lor chefes es, inter alteres, [[Robespierre]], [[Georges Danton|Danton]], [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] e [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just|Saint-Just]]. Al centro, sede un majoritate de deputatos, le « independente » — appellate etiam le [[Marais (Revolution francese)|Marais]] o le Plana —, qui, ben que attachate al Revolution, non possede homines marcante e cuje opiniones fluctua<ref>[[Albert Soboul]], {{Opcit}}, {{p.|272}}.</ref>. Tosto, illes supporta le girondinos pro defender le proprietate e le libertate; tosto, le montagnardos, quando il se tracta de succurrer le nation. Ma il non es possibile stabilir un inventario precise pro definir tote iste gruppos con claritate, proque nulle de illes possede lineas politic limpide e illes remane multo instabile{{sfn|Martin|1990|p=142}}. [[File:Valmy Battle painting.jpg|thumb|[[Battalia de Valmy]], le 20 de septembre 1792.<br> Pictura de [[Horace Vernet]], 1826.]] Le 20 de septembre 1792, le [[battalia de Valmy|victoria de Valmy]] super le Prussianos per le armea francese, commandate per le [[Lista del generales del Revolution e del Prime Imperio|general]] [[Charles François Dumouriez|Dumouriez]], arresta le invasion. Le 8 de octobre, iste ultime entra in [[Belgica]] pro obligar le Austriacos a levar le assedio de [[Lille]] e repeller les foras del frontieras{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=34}}. Le general [[Adam Philippe de Custine|Custine]] prende [[Spira (citáte)|Spira]] (30 de septembre), [[Worms (Germania)|Worms]] (5 de octobre), postea [[Assedio de Magonza (1792)|Magonza]] e [[Francoforte]] (le 21 e 22 de octobre), lo que permitte a ille de tener le ripa sinistre del [[Rheno]] durante que Dumouriez, vincente le victoria decisive de [[battalia de Jemmapes|Jemmapes]] le 6 de novembre 1792, deveni maestro de Belgica. In iste periodo le tropas francese occupa etiam le [[Ducato de Savoia|Savoia]], possession del [[domo de Savoia]]<ref group=Note>Le 27 novembre 1792 Savoia es reunite a Francia e forma le departamento del Mont-Blanc.</ref>. Ubique le Francese propaga lor ideal revolutionari e on comencia a parlar del frontieras natural; ma es principalmente le relationes de fortia militar e diplomatic que es modificate{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=34}}. Ante de separar se, le 20 de septembre 1792, le [[Assemblea national legislative (Revolution francese)|Assemblea legislative]] decide de laicisar le [[stato civil]] — que deberea desde iste momento esser tenite per le [[Commune (Francia)|communes]] —, de autorisar le [[divortio]] e decreta le renovation complete del [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune insurrectional de Paris]]. Le die sequente, 21 de septembre, le [[Convention national]] tene officialmente su prime session: disponente provisoriamente del poderes legislative e executive, illa proclama immediatemente le [[Proclamation del abolition del regalitate|abolition del regalitate]], le advento del [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]] in Francia e decide que le nove [[constitution]] sera ratificate per le [[suffragio universal]]. Le die sequente, illa decreta que, a partir de iste data, tote le actos public debe comenciar per [[Calendario republicane|le anno I del Republica]]{{sfn|Godechot|1988|p=115-121}}: pro Francia, isto es le initio de un era nove. == Prime Republica == {{AP|Prime Republica francese}} === Girondinos e montagnardos === ==== Processo e morte del rege ==== {{AP|Processo de Louis XVI}} [[File:Plaidoyer de Louis XVI à la Convention nationale.jpg|thumb|left|[[Processo de Louis XVI|Processo de {{noble-|Louis XVI}}]] al [[Convention national]], le 26 de decembre 1792.<br> Gravura, Paris, [[Biblioteca national de Francia|BnF]], circa 1793.]] [[File:Exécution de Louis Capet, le 21 janvier 1793.jpg|thumb|[[Execution de Louis XVI|Execution de {{noble-|Louis XVI}}]], le 21 de januario 1793.<br> Gravura, Paris, [[Museo Carnavalet]], 1793.]] Post le [[Jornada del 10 augusto 1792|10 de augusto]], postea le [[Proclamation del abolition del regalitate|abolition del monarchia]], le sorte del rege depose, prisionero al [[Turre del Temple|Temple]]{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=64}}, es in question. Durante iste periodo, le [[Convention national|Convention]] es dominate per le [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|girondinos]], proque le majoritate del electos del Centro es favorabile a illes; assi illes es majoritari in le [[Consilio executive (Revolution francese)|consilio executive]]<ref name="Lefebvre1930p127">{{harvsp|Lefebvre|Guyot|Sagnac|1930|p=127}}.</ref>. Le proxime apertura del [[processo de Louis XVI|processo del rege]] les divide. Desde alora, illes cerca de retardar le judicio, que illes trova inoportune<ref>Bernardine Melchior-Bonnet, ''Le Girondinos'', Tallandier, 1989, {{p.|190}}.</ref>, durante que le [[Montagne (Revolution francese)|montagnardos]], plus radical, vole un ruptura definitive con le Ancian Regime pro assecurar le Republica{{sfn|Martin|1990|p=143}}. Ma, frustrante tote le calculos, le discoperta — le 20 de novembre 1792, al Tuileries, in le « [[armario de ferro]] » — de documentos compromittente pro le rege rende le processo inevitabile: desde alora, non statuer super su sorte poterea provocar un nove explosion revolutionari. Malgrado le principio del [[separation del poderes]], es le Convention que va judicar le rege. Assi le processo que comencia le 11 de decembre 1792 marca le initio de un lucta a morte inter girondinos e montagnardos pro le controlo del Assemblea e del Revolution{{sfn|Martin|2006|p=145}}. Le rege<ref group="Note">Como le majoritate del principes de iste epocha, {{noble-|Louis XVI}} e Marie-Antoinette non ha le sentimento del « [[Patria]] ». Pro illes, le pais es lor proprietate e le sovranos europee que forma un grande familia; appellar les pro restituer le pais al ration non es pro illes un acto de tradition. [[André Castelot]], [[G. Lenotre]], ''Le grande horas del Revolution francese – Le agonia del regalitate'', tomo I, Perrin, 1962, {{p.|330-331}}.</ref> es surprendite per le discoperta del [[armario de ferro]] e de su documentos compromittente; ille se defende mal e nega mesmo le evidentia<ref>{{cite book |author=Bernardine Melchior-Bonnet |title=Le Girondinos |publisher=Tallandier |year=1989 |page=195}}</ref>. Tamen, in iste processo, le faltas del rege, mesmo si provate, conta poc ante le utilisation politic del sanction{{sfn|Martin|2006|p=145}}, justo quando [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] ha arrancate al Assemblea « que le morte del tiranno » sia votate per appell nominative, a alte voce, per le deputatos sub le oculos del population<ref>Albert Mathiez, ''Le Revolution francese'', Librairie Armand Colin, 1922, {{p.|311}}.</ref>. Assi, le [[regicidio]] va devenir un proba del sinceritate republicane{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=194-195-203}}. Le 15 de januario, al fin del debattos, le rege es declarate culpabile per un majority esmagante, 693 voces contra 13, e le 17 de januario, ille es condemnate a morte per un majoritate plus stricte, 387 voces contra 334<ref>Albert Soboul, ''Le Revolution francese'', {{op. cit.}}, {{p.|273}}.</ref>. [[Louis-Philippe d'Orléans (1747-1793)|Philippe-Égalité]], duca de Orléans e cosino del rege, va etiam votar le morte, marcante assi le puncto de partida del lucta inter [[Orleanismo|orleanistas]] e [[Legitimismo|legitimistas]] que habera loco le seculo sequente. Le 20 de januario, le sursis e le appello al populo demandate per le girondinos es rejectate e le 21 de januario 1793, Louis XVI es [[Guillotina|guillotinate]] al [[Placia del Concordia|placia del Revolution]]. [[Execution de Louis XVI|Su execution]] produce un impression profunde in le population francese e stupeface le sovranos de [[Europa]]<ref>Albert Soboul, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|332-333}}.</ref>: illo es etiam un defio al Europa monarchic. Le declaration de guerra al [[Grande Britannia]] e al [[Provincias Unite]], le 1 de februario 1793, conduce al formation del [[Prime Coalition]] del potentias europee contra le Francia revolutionari. ==== Vendea ==== {{AP|Guerra de Vendea}} [[File:Émeute en Vendée - Évariste Carpentier.jpg|thumb|left|redresse=1.3|''Tumulto in Vendea''.<br> Oleo sur tela de [[Évariste Carpentier]], seculo XIX, municipalitate de [[Kuurne]].]] [[File:Louis de Lescure1.jpg|thumb|redresse|dextera|Portrait posthume del [[Louis de Salgues de Lescure|marquis de Lescure]], general vendean.<br> Oleo sur tela de [[Robert Lefèvre|Lefèvre]], 1818, [[Cholet]], [[Museo de arte e de historia (Cholet)|Museo de arte e de historia]].]] Pro facer fronte e replaciar le voluntarios de 1792, qui ha legalmente quittate le armea, le Convention decreta un leva de 300 000 homines le 24 de februario. Iste leva debe facer se per [[tirage au sort]], lo que spontanemente provoca un vaste protestation<ref group="Note">Le protestation es dirigite contra le tirage au sort — ja detestate durante le campagne del Ancian Regime. In effecto, isto exonera le notabiles, durante que illes es considerate le grande beneficiarios del Revolution. Le populo considera dunque que es al notabiles de ir defender le nation que les favorisa. {{harvsp|Dupuy|2005|p=58}}.</ref> in tote le pais{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=108}}, e particularmente inter le paisaneria, in [[Alsatia]], in [[Bretania]], in tote le [[Massivo central]] e le [[Pyrenees]]. In le majoritate de iste regiones, le insurrectiones armate retomba, o es rapidemente suffocate, ma in [[Anjou]] e in le [[Poitou]], le rebellion se organiza e prende amplitude{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1972|p=70}}. Le insurrection vendean, que comencia a [[Cholet]] le 3 de martio 1793, es le manifestation interne le plus grave incontrate per le Revolution. Le numero de victimas varia, secundo le historicos, de {{formatnum:117000}} a plus de {{formatnum:250000}}. Su declancheamento es directemente ligate al efforto de guerra decidite al Assemblea per le decreto del 24 de februario<ref>{{cite book |author1=Pascal Dupuy |author2=Claude Mazauric |title=Le Revolution francese |publisher=Librairie Vuibert |year=2005 |page=225}}</ref>. Le causas es tamen plus complexe. In un prime tempore, le Vendeanos habeva redigite [[Cahiers de dolentias|cahiers de dolentias]] e habeva ben recipite le eventos de 1789. Ma durante le annos sequente, le frustrationes se accumulava. In effecto, le paisanos vendean non profita del vendita del benes national, e es profundemente vulnerate in lor convictiones per le direction [[Anticlericalismo|anticlerical]] que prende le Revolution, in particular post le [[Constitution civil del clero]]. Le execution de {{noble-|Louis XVI}} non sera comprendite per un population satis proxime al parve nobilitate local. Assi, quando arriva le representantes incarregate del tirage au sort, le juvene homines refusa ir combatter lontan de lor villages pro un regime que choque lor convictiones e del qual illes se senti abandonate. Isto es le insurrection. Iste insurrection prende multo rapidemente importance quando le [[Vendea (departamento)|Vendea]] se leva in bloc<ref name="Lefebvre1930p203">{{harvsp|Lefebvre|Guyot|Sagnac|1930|p=203}}.</ref>. Pro tentar arrestar iste tumultos, le Convention vota, le 19 de martio 1793, un lege de exception: tote le insurgentes prendite con armas in mano o convincite de haber participate al assemblages sera executate{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=58-59}}. Al Convention, le insurgentes es multo rapidemente qualificate de « brigantes », e Paris da le nomine de « [[Guerra de Vendea]] » a lor insurrectiones{{sfn|Martin|1990|p=147}}. Pro reprimir le inimicos interne e externe, le [[Convention national|Convention]] crea le [[Tribunal revolutionari]] le 10 de martio e, pro menar a bon fin iste politica, le [[Comite de defensa general]] es transformate in [[Comite de salut public]] le 6 de april{{sfn|Godechot|1988|p=131}}. ==== Fin del girondinos ==== {{AP|Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793}} [[File:Journée du 2 juin 1793.jpg|200px|thumb|[[Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|Jornada del 2 de junio 1793]].<br> [[Estampa]] de [[Pierre-Gabriel Berthault]] representante le [[Guardia national francese sub le Revolution (1789-1799)|Guardia national]] ante le [[Convention national|Convention]]<br> ([[Museo Carnavalet]]).]] Le menses que seque le advento del [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]] sona del confrontos inter [[Montagne (Revolution francese)|montagnardos]] e [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|girondinos]]. Le divergentias apparite in le primavera de 1792 super le [[declaration de guerra de Francia a Austria (1792)|necessitates del guerra]] ha lassate vestigios. Assi, le [[Jornada del 10 augusto 1792|10 de augusto 1792]], post le victoria del [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune insurrectional]] e del [[sans-culottes]], le rivalitates inter le duo gruppos appare multo rapidemente como un conflicto de classe<ref>[[Albert Soboul]], {{Opcit}}, {{p.|327}}.</ref>: il es dunque duo manieras de conciper le contento a dar al Republica que provoca le confrontamento, mesmo si iste differentias politic non es proprie al sol campo del girondinos e reflecte etiam le stato de mente del provincia<ref name="Bertaud2004p179">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=179}}.</ref>. Quicunque sia le caso, le Gironda dispare del scena del Revolution a causa de su incoherentias politic e principalmente, pro haber volite le guerra sin haberse date le medios de menar la, pro haber tentate salvar le monarchia, pro haber, in nomine del liberalismo, reinforceate le crise sin trovar le solutiones pro remediar la, o ancora, pro haber relanceate le movimento revolutionari e haber postea cercate frenar su impeto<ref>Frédéric Bluche, Stéphane Rials, [[Jean Tulard]], ''Le Revolution francese'', [[Presses universitari de Francia|PUF]], 1989, {{p.|86}}.</ref>. Le [[jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|jornadas revolutionari del 31 de maio e del 2 de junio 1793]], con le arresto del principal chefes girondin, pone fin a lor preponderantia politic. === Le Republica in periculo (1793) === [[File:Unité Indivisibilité de la République.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Libertate, Equalitate, Fraternitate|motto republicane]] in un corona de quercia e de bandieras tricolor, appoiate sur un [[fasce del lictor]] e surmontate de un [[bonnet frigian]]. In le prime plano, un gallo gallic, un cannon e un [[obusier]]. Estampa anonyme, Paris, BnF, 1793.]] [[File:Death of Marat by David.jpg|thumb|redresse|''Le assassinato de [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]]'', per [[Jacques-Louis David|David]], 1793.]] Le [[Execution de Louis XVI|execution del rege]] le 21 de januario 1793, le politica de conquesta e de annexion del [[Convention national|Convention]], le agitation del revolutionarios in diverse paises de Europa assi como le [[Guerra de Vendea|revoltas vendean]] e postea « [[Federalismo (Revolution francese)|federalistas]] »<ref group="Note">Le deputato girondin [[François Buzot]] esquissa le parola « federalismo » reclamante al Assemblea, le 24 de septembre 1792, un fortia public departamental pro proteger le deputatos del Convention; illo servira de pretexto al Montagnardos pro accusar le Girondinos de voler facer del 83 departamentos tante republicas independente. {{cite book |author=Jeanne Grall |title=Girondinos e Montagnardos – Le retroscena de un insurrection (1793) |publisher=Éditions Ouest-France |year=1989 |page=23}} In fin, iste « federalistas » — qui refusa omne federation — es republicanos moderate favorabile al Revolution; illes vole solmente le fin del domination parisian e montagnarde. {{harvsp|Martin|1990|p=155}}.</ref>, face rebatter le guerra al exterior{{sfn|Godechot|1988|p=165}} e lo provoca al interior, ponente le [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]] in un situation mortal. Con le [[Prime Coalition]], tote le Europa absolutista se ha coalite contra Francia<ref group="Note">Solmente in Europa le [[Suissa]], le statos scandinave e certe statos italian remane in pace con Francia; ma le [[Russia]], alliate de Austria e de Prussia, es officialmente etiam in guerra contra Francia, que combatte non solmente pro su independentia, ma etiam pro su dignitate national, su derecto de governar se mesme, e le protection del immense avantages que illa ha retirate del Revolution. [[Albert Mathiez]], ''Le Revolution francese'', {{Opcit}}, {{p.|350}}.</ref>. In le primavera, con le offensive del coalite, tote le conquestas que seque le [[Battalia de Valmy|victoria de Valmy]] es perdite e le Republica se trova in un situation militar pejor que in 1792: multo rapidemente, le frontieras es transite per le [[Imperio de Austria|Austriacos]], le [[Regno de Prussia|Prussianos]] e le [[Grande Britannia (regno)|Angleses]] al nord e al est, le [[Espania|Espanioles]] al sud-west, le [[Regno de Sardinia (1720-1861)|Piemonteses]] al sud-est. Al interior, le insurrection vendean, devenite royalista post su reprise in mano per le nobiles<ref group="Note">In Vendea, le nobiles non ha provocate le movimento insurrectional: illes arriva solmente postea, e solmente proque on va cercar les, e a vices illes se faceva persuader. {{cite book |author=[[Jacques Solé]] |title=Revolutiones e revolutionarios in Europa 1789-1918 |publisher=Gallimard |year=2008 |page=544}}</ref>, ha prendite amplitude e se extende sur plure [[departamento francese|departamentos francese]] del oeste de Francia; [[Saumur]] e [[Angers]] cade (9 e 18 de junio 1793), ma [[Nantes]] resiste (28 de junio). Revoltas royalista se developpa etiam in [[Lozère (departamento)|Lozère]] e in le valle del [[Rhône (departamento)|Rhodano]]<ref group=Note>Le insurrectiones provincial que seque le 31 de maio e le 2 de junio 1793, troppo sovente includite in le contra-revolution, es sovente solmente le continuation de luctas local que oppone revolutionarios moderate, jacobinos e sans-culottes. {{harvsp|Martin|1990|p=153-155}}.</ref>. Le Convention prescribe alora, per decretos del 26 de februario e del 12 de augusto 1793, le [[Amalgamation militar|amalgamation]] del duo armeas francese componite de [[Regimentos francese del Ancian Regime|regimentos del Ancian Regime]] e de [[battaliones de voluntarios national]], e que iste corpoes prenderea in le futuro le nomine de [[semi-brigadas]]. Post le [[Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|colpo de fortia]] que pone fin al hegemonia girondin<ref group=Note>Ancora sensibilisate per le [[massacres de septembre]], le departamentos percipe mal le tumultos que agita le Assemblea e los vide como menacias pro le representation national, lo que conduce a violente protestationes. {{harvsp|Grall|1989|p=25}}. Assi le colpo de fortia es mal percipite in le provincia e, al annuncio de illo, numerose departamentos se insurge, particular in Normandia e Bretania. De facto, tres quartos del pais se trova in rebellion contra le dictatura montagnarde. {{harvsp|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=76-77}}.</ref>, le [[Montagne (Revolution francese)|montagnardos]] remane sol al poter e domina le Convention: con le [[Club del Jacobinos|jacobinos]] illes ha ora le charge de conducer le guerra<ref name="Bertaud2004p200">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=200}}.</ref> e de reglar le problemas politic e social generate per le circumstantias. Post le [[Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|insurrection del 2 de junio del sectiones parisian]] contra le [[Convention national|Assemblea]], le deputatos [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|girondin]] qui ha potite escappar al repression parisian appella al rebellion contra Paris e es supportate per le autoritates departamental in numerose regiones de Francia{{sfn|Grall|1989|p=67 et suiv.}}. Le assassinato de [[Jean-Paul Marat]] le 13 de julio per [[Charlotte Corday]], un juvene Normanda, augmenta le tensiones politic. Le situation explica le radicalisation del mesuras admittite inter junio e septembre 1793{{sfn|Martin|1990|p=157}}. Le 24 de junio 1793, le Convention adopta un [[constitution]] multo democratic e decentralisate, ratificate per [[referendum]]<ref group=Note>Tamen le sans-culottes le plus avertite (le [[Enragés|Enrageate]]) non es entusiasmate de iste acto constitutional cuje lacunas illes percipe. Illes reclama le repression del [[agiotage]], del [[accaparement]] e le arresto del augmento del precios{{etc.}} {{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=208}}.</ref>, le [[Constitution de 1793|Constitution del anno I]]. Le nove texto cerca de stabilir un ver promente sovranitate popular gratias a electiones frequente per suffragio universal, accorda al citatanos le possibilitate de intervenir in le processo legislative e recognosce le derecto al insurrection<ref group="Note">Initialmente concipite per le Girondinos (surtout per [[Nicolas de Condorcet|Condorcet]]), iste constitution arriva in plen violentia inter le duo gruppos e es dunque le fructo de un compromisso; post le colpo de fortia del 31 de maio e del 2 de junio 1793, illo suffre alcun remanegamentos (hostilitate al liberalismo girondin) e es adoptate multo rapidemente per le Assemblea dominate per le Montagne. Le derecto de initiativa propugnate per le Girondinos ha disparite, e le Montagnardos prende le parte del leon, proque le Constitution se effortia a mantener les al governamento, poisque illes se ha impatronate del poter per le fortia. Su principal merito reside super toto in le principios que illa ha proclamate pro le prime vice (derectos social) e in le problemas que illa ha ponite. Mesmo si illa nunquam ha essite applicate, illa conserva un importantia capital. {{harvsp|Godechot|2006|p=69-77}}.</ref> (lo que legitima post facto le jornadas del [[Jornada del 10 augusto 1792|10 de augusto]] e del [[Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|2 de junio]])<ref>Jean-Marc Schiappa, ''Le Revolution francese 1789-1799'', Librio, 2005, {{p.|50}}.</ref>. Ma iste constitution entrara jammais in vigor, proque le Convention suspende su application le 10 de augusto 1793{{sfn|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=283}}. [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just|Saint-Just]] justifica iste decision explicante que {{Citation|in le circumstantias in que se trova le Republica, le constitution non pote esser establite; on la immolarea per se mesme. Illa devenirea le garantia del attentatos contra le libertate, proque illa mancare del voluntate necessari pro reprimer les}}. [[File:Lettre autographe adressée par le Comité de sûreté générale au Comité de salut public - Archives Nationales - AE-I-2-20 - (1).jpg|thumb|redresse|<center>Lettre autograph adressate al [[Comite de securitate general]] per le [[Comite de salut public]], signalante le presentia suspecte de {{citation|cinque pacchettos de litteras adressate al estraniero}}, 27 de januario 1794 ([[Archivos national de Francia]]).</center>.]] Principal organo de governamento, le [[Comite de salut public]] es create le 6 de april 1793 in replacement del [[Comite de defensa general]]. Le nove instantia es componite de novem membros eligite, proveniente del Assemblea, inter le quales figura [[Georges Danton|Danton]] e [[Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac|Barère]]. Le 10 de julio sequente, un crise interne e le gravitate del eventos impone su renovation: Danton, considerate troppo moderate, es removite; le 27 de julio, le Comite es completate con le nomination de [[Robespierre]] e le 14 de augusto e 6 de septembre 1793<ref group=Note>Post le jornadas del 4 e 5 de septembre contra le Assemblea, le sans-culottes impone Collot d'Herbois e Billaud-Varenne, membros (o proxime) del cordeliers.</ref>, per le altere membros. Le « Grande Comite del anno II », que debe governar Francia usque al victoria, es nate<ref group=Note>Le Comite de salut public es concipite como un regime provisori que, logicamente, post le victoria debe ceder le loco al constitution de 1793. {{harvsp|Bouloiseau|1968|p=5}}. Tamen illo non possede le realitate del poter usque al decreto del 13 septembre, que le da le preeminentia super tote le altere comites. Albert Mathiez, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|425}}.</ref>: illo es create pro ager e pro vincer. Su membros, al numero de dece-duo, es reelegite cata mense per le Convention; illo ha le initiativa del leges, le poter executive, nomina le functionarios e centralisa le poter; illo es dominate per le personalitate de Robespierre, qui impone le politica del Comite al Convention e al jacobinos. Cata membro del Comite se specialisa in un dominio particular, como [[Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot|Carnot]] al armeas{{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.II|p=21-23}}{{,}}{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1968|p={{page à préciser}}}}. Le [[Comite de securitate general]] es le secunde comite de governamento. Illo es create le 2 de octobre 1792, e renovate le 12 de septembre 1793. Le dece-duo deputatos que lo compone, tote montagnardos, es etiam proveniente del Convention. Inter illes, [[Marc-Guillaume-Alexis Vadier|Vadier]], [[Jean Pierre André Amar|Amar]] e [[Jean-Henri Voulland|Voulland]]{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1972|p=107}} se monstra inexorabile. Le poter del Comite es considerable: illo dispone de derectos particular super le investigationes, super le arrestos, super le prisiones, assi como super le justitia revolutionari{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1968|p=101}}. Su autoritate repose sur le [[Terrore (Revolution francese)|Terrore]] que illo cerca de extender e perpetuar<ref name="Lefebvre1930p251">{{harvsp|Lefebvre|Guyot|Sagnac|1930|p=251}}.</ref>. Un rivalitate de competentias oppone iste instantia al [[Comite de salut public]]<ref group="Note">Le rivalitate del duo comites es real; alcun de su membros es ligate al ultra-revolutionarios — particularmente Collot d’Herbois e Billaud-Varenne — abattite per le Comite de salut public in germinal. Ma le lege del 16 de april 1794 porta un prime colpo confiante al Comite de salut public le inspection del autoritates e administratores; pro applicar iste mesuras, un officio de policia general es instituite in le qual le [[Comite de securitate general]] vide un concurrente. {{harvsp|Bouloiseau|1968|p=101-103}}.</ref>. Pro applicar le mesuras adoptate, le Convention decreta (9 de martio 1793){{note|Iste decreto transforma le recurso a emissarios in mission in un ver institution e define etiam lor poter. A partir del mense de april sequente, pro le missiones al armeas, le Convention revide le rolo de cata un del representantes appellate a laborar pro le defensa national e, pro limitar lor missiones in le tempore, augmenta a tres le numero del representantes al armeas, qui es ora renovate per tertios cata mense<ref name="Biard190-191">[[Michel Biard]], ''Missionarios del Republica – Le representantes del populo in mission (1793-1795)'', Éditions del Comite del labores historic e scientific, 2002, {{p.|190-191}}.</ref>.}} le invio systematic, in le departamentos e al armeas, de alcun de su membros: le [[Representante in mission|representantes in mission]]. Iste dispone de poderes multo extensive pro prender le mesuras que les pare necesari: restabilir le ordine ubique illo es perturbate e poner in arresto illes que illes judica suspecte. Iste representantes procede duo per duo, prende lor arrestos in commun e debe render contos al Convention<ref name="Biard190-191" />. {{AP|Convention national|Amalgamation del duo armeas sub le Revolution}} === Restablimento === {{AP|Terrore (Revolution francese)}} ==== Leges, movimentos popular e fortification del governamento ==== [[File:Sans-culottes en armes - Lesueur.jpg|thumb|left|''[[Sans-culottes]] in armas'', gouache de [[Jean-Baptiste Lesueur (pictor)|Jean-Baptiste Lesueur]], 1793-1794, [[Museo Carnavalet]].]] Post le [[Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|2 de junio]] e le arresto del principal chefes [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|girondin]], le [[Montagne (Revolution francese)|montagnardos]], pro governar, debe tener conto del [[sans-culottes]]<ref group=Note>Le approximation inter le montagnardos e le sans-culotterie parisian non ha essite facite sin difficultates, proque le parve populo ha poc beneficiate del Revolution del 10 de augusto 1792 e, si illo ha participate activemente, iste jornada non es su creation. George Rudé, ''Le turba in le Revolution francese'', Paris, Librairie Maspero, 1982, {{p.|135}}.</ref> e de lor representantes<ref>sfn|Martin|1990|p=152</ref> extremista, sur qui illes se ha appoiate pro vincer lor adversarios girondin, ma illes non ha le intention de divider le poter con illes{{sfn|Soboul|1973|p=23}}, ni de acceder a lor reclamationes. Le montagnardos tenta al contrario de controlar les per medio del [[Club del Jacobinos|jacobinos]], pro pervenir a couper curte le menacias de insurrection que iste terroristas — qui es le [[Enrageate]]<ref group="Note">Le quasi totalitate del sans-culottes parisian se trova a iste epocha (februario – septembre 1793) sensibilisate per le Enrageate, qui se compone de tres homines dominante: [[Jacques Roux (1752-1794)|Jacques Roux]], [[Jean-François Varlet]] e [[Théophile Leclerc]], e de un femina, [[Claire Lacombe]], qui es le presidente del [[Societate del republicanas revolutionari|Club del citatanas republicane revolutionari]]. {{harvsp|Furet|Ozouf|2007|p=331}}.</ref> — propaga regularmente in [[Paris]]<ref group=Note>Ici, le termino terrorista vole dicer partisan del Terrore revolutionari e economic.</ref> e de cuje illes time esser finalmente le victimas<ref group="Note">On trova rumores de « complotos aristocratic » pauc ante le 10 de augusto 1793 pro le prime, le anniversario del [[Jornada del 10 augusto 1792|10 de augusto 1792]]. Le grande reunion pro iste festa pote facer timer nove [[massacres de septembre]] — que alcun affiches consilia — e pote dar le occasion al extremistas de tentar lor fortuna. {{harvsp|Soboul|1973|p=79}}. Alibi, le sectiones desira un efforto ancora plus grande e parla de un nove [[Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|2 de junio]] - {{harvsp|Solé|2008|p=554}}.</ref>. Al arrivar al poter, e como lor predecessores, le montagnardos refusa de toccar al libertate economic. Illes non vole prender le risco de esser superpassate affrontante le movimento popular —del qual illes recognosce le ben fundate de su reclamationes— e tenta plus tosto de denigrar su conductores{{sfn|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=418}}. [[File:Jacques Roux - estampe du musée Carnavalet.jpg|thumb|redresse=0.5|[[Jacques Roux (1752-1794)|Jacques Roux]], [[dettalio]] de un estampa anonyme, fin del seculo XVIII, Museo Carnavalet.]] Nihilominus, le parve populo del sans-culottes se preocupa ante toto del caritate e del raritate del victualias. Le Enrageate, qui se considera como lor representantes le plus authentic, lucta desde menses — supportate per le malcontentamento popular{{sfn|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=416}}{{,}}{{sfn|Solé|2008|p=552}} — pro obtener ameliorationes social<ref group="Note">Le situation es grave: le departamentos revoltate ha interrompete lor livrationes verso le capital. Le pan manca, lo que conduce a numerose manifestationes popular. [[Albert Mathiez]], ''Le Revolution francese'', {{Opcit}}, {{p.|399}}. Le siccitate del mense de augusto aggravara le conjonctura.</ref>. Le morte de [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]], le 13 de julio, permitte al journalist [[Jacques-René Hébert]] de presentar se como su herede, durante que ille reprende a su conto le programma del Enrageate. Hébert se trova assi in concurrentia con illes pro le succession politic de ''[[L'Amico del populo (1789)|Le Amico del populo]]''<ref>[[Albert Mathiez]], ''Le Revolution francese'', {{Opcit}}, {{p.|399}}.</ref>. Desde alora, pro attraher a se le sans-culottes parisian, ille lucta pro expeller le ancian sacerdote, [[Jacques Roux (1752-1794)|Jacques Roux]] — surnominate le « sacerdote rubie », un del chefes del Enrageate —, que ille accusa e denuntia al jacobinos como responsabile del mesuras de violentia del [[Jornadas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|31 de maio]]{{sfn|Soboul|1973|p=167-168}}. A partir del 1 de augusto 1793, Hébert, candidato al poter, se dista del montagnardos e profita del instabilitate social pro attaccar le governamento{{sfn|Furet|Ozouf|2007|p=382}}. {{double image|left|Le Pere Duchesne.jpg|140|Jacques René Hébert.JPG|130|Representation del [[Le Père Duchesne (Revolution francese)|Père Duchesne]] (al sinistra), [[personage typic]] popular cuje nomine es reprense per [[Jacques-René Hébert]] (al dextra) como titulo de su jornal.}} Totevia, malgrado lor excessos, le « sacerdote rubie »<ref group=Note>Pro historicos como Albert Soboul o François Furet e Denis Richet, Jacques Roux laborava con disinteresse e sinceritate a alleviar le vita del parve populo sans-culottes. {{harvsp|Soboul|1973|p=101}} ; {{harvsp|Furet|Richet|1973|p=215}}.</ref> e su gruppo non representa in se mesme un ver periculo pro le governamento, proque, malgrado le supporto del populo, illes non gaude de nulle appoio pro attinger le sphera ubi se disputa le poter{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=215}}. In cambio, le [[Club del Cordeliers]]<ref group=Note>Le objectivo del gruppo del cordeliers es de servir se del malcontentamento del populo pro eliminar le equipa dirigente que conduce le Assemblea e le comites. Inter illes le extremismo es ante toto tactic. {{harvsp|Furet|Richet|1973|p=216-217}}.</ref>, del qual Jacques-René Hébert es un del membros eminente, es multo plus formidabile. In effecto, le Club supporta Hébert, qui ja gaude de multiple appoios, mesmo in le provincia, e qui es circumdate de numerose partisanos, le « [[Hébertistas o Exageratos|hébertistas]] ». Hébert es etiam le fundador del ''[[Le Père Duchesne (Revolution francese)|Père Duchesne]]'', le sol grande jornal popular — de tono sovente demagogic e a vices vulgar — que, gratias a [[François-Nicolas Vincent|Vincent]] e a [[Jean-Baptiste Bouchotte|Bouchotte]], es etiam diffundite in le [[lista del armeas del Revolution|armeas]] del [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]]{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=238}}. Finalmente, le « hébertistas » ha un grande influentia sur le [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune de Paris]]. Post le jornadas de septembre e le disparition del « Enrageate »<ref group="Note">Le 5 de septembre 1793, Jacques Roux es arrestate (ille se suicidara le 10 de februario 1794), Leclerc e Varlet es in fuga, assi como Claire Lacombe, cuje societate es dissolute le 20 de octobre (al mesme tempore, le clubs feminine es ora interdite): le Enrageate non existe plus.</ref>, Hébert e su amicos attacca apertemente le montagnardos, identificante les a « nove brissotinos », e cerca de eliminar les demandante le epuration del [[Convention national|Convention]]{{sfn|Furet|Ozouf|2007|p=384}}. Pro evitar de offerer un terreno de propaganda al conductores del sans-culottes, durante que se calma le malcontentamento del populo urban toccate per le difficultates de approvisionamento, per le augmento del precio del victualias e per le depreciation del curso del [[assignato]], le [[Comite de salut public]] se resolve a prender mesuras economic. Ja le 26 de julio 1793, le Convention vota le [[Pena de morte in Francia|pena de morte]] contra le [[Accaparement|accaparatores]], id es contra illes qui immagazina le victualias al loco de vender les{{sfn|Martin|2006|p=188}}. Tamen, si le montagnardos debe facer concessiones, illes ancora resiste al pression del sans-culottes{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=229}} refusante de implicar se plus profundemente in le [[economia dirigite]], pro non alienar se le burguesia e le paisaneria: un refusa formal es opponite al altere exigentias del extremistas{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=228-234}}. [[File:Levee en masse.jpg|thumb|left|''Jovial partita del voluntarios al armeas'', gouache de [[Jean-Baptiste Lesueur (pictor)|Jean-Baptiste Lesueur]], 1793, [[Museo Carnavalet]].]] [[File:Lesueur - Paysan vendant ses assignats auprès d'un changeur.jpg|thumb|redresse|Paisano vendente su victualias contra [[assignatos]] apud un cambiator. Gouache de [[Jean-Baptiste Lesueur (pictor)|Lesueur]], Museo Carnavalet.]] Tamen, le 23 de augusto 1793, sub le pression popular, le Convention cede e, post longe debattos, decreta le [[leva in massa]]. Illa permitte de inviar sub le bandiera tote le juvene homines de 18 a 25 annos, celibes o viduos, e sin infantes. Tote le Francese debe participar al efforto e tote le economia del nation es orientate verso le guerra. De septembre 1793 al primavera de 1794, le leva in massa provide quasi 400 000 homines, portante le armea a 750 000 soldatos. Le Republica se da le medios de vincer opponente al inimico fortias superior sur tote le frontieras<ref name="Bertaud2004p212-213">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=212-213}}.</ref>{{,}}{{sfn|Godechot|1965|p=170}}. Dece-un armeas es assi create. Le perdita de [[Toulon]] (29 de augusto 1793) debilita considerabilemente le position governamental e servi de pretexto al gruppos radical pro provocar le jornadas del 4 e 5 de septembre 1793. Le Convention es invadite e debe ceder super un serie de mesuras reclamate desde longe, particular: le leva de un armea revolutionari parisian<ref group="Note">Iste armea, forte de 6000 homines e de 1200 canonieros, que sera al origine de numerose exactiones, particular durante le periodo de dechristianisation, sera supprimite post le execution del hébertistas in germinal.</ref> pro le requisition del cereales e lor transporto verso Paris, le remuneration del sans-culottes qui sede in le [[sectiones revolutionari de Paris|sectiones]], postea, le 11 de septembre, le maximum national del cereales e del farinas. Tamen, le inertie del governamento provoca un nove tumulto le 22 de septembre, obligante lo a decretar, le 29 sequente, le [[lege del Maximum general]], que bloca le precios al nivello de illos de 1790, augmentate de 30 %, e fixa le maximum del salarios. Finalmente, le curso fortiate del assignato es instaurate{{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.II|p=38}}. Ma iste mesuras non permitte de poner fin al difficultates de approvisionamento del citates. Le poter de compra del salariatos, pagate in assignatos, non cessa de eroder se{{sfn|Bouloiseau|1972|p=89-90}}. [[File:Comite de surveillance revolutionnaire.jpg|thumb|Un [[comite de surveillance revolutionari]] verifica un [[certificato de civismo]].<br> Paris, [[Biblioteca national de Francia|BnF]], [[Departamento del estampas e del fotografia del Biblioteca national de Francia|departamento del estampas]], circa 1793-1794.]] Imponite per le strada in consequentia de iste jornadas revolutionari, le [[Terrore (Revolution francese)|Terrore]] es « ponite al ordine del die » le 5 de septembre 1793: con le dictatura, iste [[stato de exception]] es fortificate per le reinforcemento del centralisation{{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.II|p=36-38}}. Le 17 de septembre 1793, le Terrore es legalmente instaurate con le [[Lege del suspectos]]. Le texto da un definition multo large del « suspectos », lo que permitte de attinger tote le « inimicos del Revolution »: entra in iste categoria le [[Aristocratia|aristocratos]], le [[emigratos]], le [[sacerdotes refractari]], le [[Federalismo (Revolution francese)|federalistas]], le [[Agiotage|agiotatores]], assi como lor familias<ref group=Note>Isto es etiam le initio del grande processos ante le [[tribunal revolutionari]] — reclamate per le gruppos le plus radical — sequite del executiones de [[Philippe-Égalité]] (6 de novembre 1793), de [[Marie-Antoinette d’Austria|Marie-Antoinette]] (16 de octobre), del [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|Girondinos]] ((31 de octobre), de [[Madame Roland]] (8 de novembre), de [[Jean Sylvain Bailly|Bailly]] ((10 de novembre), de [[Antoine Barnave|Barnave]] ((28 de novembre){{etc.}} Le Terrore es etiam applicate in le provincia per le representantes in mission. - Frédéric Bluche, Stéphane Rials, Jean Tulard, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|96}}.</ref>. Iste « inimicos » debe esser incarcerate usque al retorno del pace{{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.II|p=37}}. Le societates popular, controlate per le sans-culottes, recipe poderes de surveillance e de policia. Tamen, le effervescentia de iste jornadas de septembre non impedi le governamento de reprender le situation in mano. Si le jornadas del 4 e 5 de septembre 1793 es un victoria del organisationes popular le plus combative, illes es etiam — non sin ambiguidades — un successo del instancias dirigente que ha circumvenite le demandas del gruppos radical al Assemblea, durante que illes spinge le plus extremistas verso le illegalitate{{sfn|Martin|2006|p=189}}{{,}}<ref>Diane Ladjouzi, « Le jornadas del 4 e 5 de septembre 1793 a Paris. Un movimento de union inter le populo, le Commune de Paris e le Convention pro un executive revolutionari », ''Annales historic del Revolution francese'', {{n°|321}}, octobre-decembre 2000, {{p.|27-44}} {{lire en ligne|url=http://ahrf.revues.org/178}}.</ref>: lor autoritate exi fortificate, ma illes ha debite renovar se 13 de septembre) e admitter representantes del sans-culottes<ref group="Note">Con habilitate, le 6 septembre, illes ha facite entrar al Comite de salut public duo membros importante del cordeliers proxime al sans-culottes, id es le « hébertistas »: [[Collot d’Herbois]] e [[Billaud-Varenne]]. {{harvsp|Martin|1990|p=159}}.</ref>; le [[Enrageate]], eliminate, le violentias contra le organisation revolutionari del [[Comite de salut public]] ha cessate. Isto es un nove progresso verso un consolidation del [[governamento revolutionari]]{{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.II|p=35}}. A partir del autumno, le organisationes popular deveni un obstaculo pro le autoritates e marca le divortio nascent inter le governamento revolutionari e le movimento popular{{sfn|Soboul|1973|p=197}}. Es durante iste periodo que Francia cambia de forma de governamento{{sfn|Martin|1990|p=161}}. ==== Victores e repressiones ==== [[File:Victoire de Hondschoote.jpg|left|thumb|[[Batalia de Hondschoote]], le 8 de septembre 1793.]] [[File:Les coalises evacuent Toulon en decembre 1793.jpg|thumb|[[Assedio de Toulon (1793)|Evacuation de Toulon]] per le [[Guerra del prime coalition|armeas coalite]] in decembre 1793.]] Le politica voluntarista impulsate per le [[Comite de salute public]] permitte de facer fronte e de redresser le situation, tanto al interior como al exterior: le prime mesuras —favorecite per le dissension inter le [[Prime Coalition|coalite]]— salva le Republica e le Revolution. Ja le 8 de septembre 1793, le armeas republicane reporta lor prime successos a [[Batalia de Hondschoote|Hondschoote]], postea le 16 octobre sequente, a [[Batalia de Wattignies|Wattignies]]: successos que, sin esser decisive{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=238-239}}, permitte de ralentir le invasion<ref group="Note">Al mesme periodo, le [[Espania|Espanioles]] invade le plus grande parte del departamento del Pireneos-Orientales (22 de septembre), le armea austriac invade [[Maubeuge]] (30 de septembre), postea menacia [[Strasbourg]] (13 de octobre), e le armea prussian investe Landau, loco fortificate que defende le nord de Alsatia (27 de octobre).</ref> e justifica le recuperation militar francese{{sfn|Tulard|Fayard|Fierro|1987|p=1145}}. Le victorias de decembre ([[Batalia de Wissembourg (decembre 1793)|Wissembourg]] le 26 e Landau le 28) contra le [[Austria|Austro]]-[[Prussia|Prussianos]] e le [[Ducatos saxon|Saxones]] — e isto, malgrado le fallimento a [[Collioure]] e [[Port-Vendres]] contra le [[Espania|Espanioles]] (decembre) — pone le coalite, contenite sur le insimul de frontes, in le defensiva{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=226}}. Assi, le entrata in guerra del [[Grande Britannia (regno)|Angleses]], del [[Electorato de Brunswick-Luneburg|Hannoverianos]] e del [[Provincias Unite|Hollandeses]] non ha succedite a modificar le relationes de fortia in Europa. Ma in le fundo, pro le [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]], le situation militar non cambiara ante que le grande mesuras e le effortio de guerra decidite durante le [[levata in massa]] se face sentir plenmente{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=248}} con le grande offensive e le victorias del primavera 1794, le quales repelera le inimico ultra le frontieras e permittera a Francia de retornar a un situation proxime a illo que esseva le sue a fin del anno 1792{{sfn|Godechot|1965|p=173}}. Sur le plano interne, le revolta « [[Federalismo (Revolution francese)|federalista]] » se fatiga. Per fortuna pro le [[Convention national|Convention]], le departamentos frontalier remaneva fidel e, como le insurrection es plus developpate in superficie que in profunditate, le poter parisian non tarda a imponer se de novo in le grande citates<ref name="Mathiez391">[[Albert Mathiez]], ''Le Revolution francese'', Librairie Armand Colin, 1922, {{p.|391}}.</ref>: [[Marseille]] es reprisa le 25 de augusto 1793, [[Bordeaux]], le 18 de septembre, [[Lyon]], le 9 de octobre, durante que [[Toulon]], livrate al Angleses le 27 de augusto, non sera reconquerite usque le 19 de decembre. In le majoritate del citates reconquerite, un repression brutal se organiza<ref group="Note">Per le decreto del 12 de octobre 1793, Lyon es condemnate al destruction: Collot d’Herbois e Fouché face exequer, al initio de novembre 1793 e durante plure menses, quasi duo milles victimas. A Toulon, denuntiate per le jacobinos liberate, octo centos rebelles es fucilate sin judicio, postea, al demanda del [[Representante in mission|representantes in mission]], tres centos altere es condemnate le mense sequente, durante que a Marseille, le repression non face tres centos victimas. Si a Bordeaux on non conta, al initio, plus que un centena de victimas, in junio e julio 1794, le arrivata del juvene representante in mission Jullien (de Paris) provoca un recrudescimento del repression que duplara le numero del executiones. {{harvsp|Solé|2008|p=555-556}}.</ref>. Totevia, a causa del insurrection provocate per [[Pasquale Paoli]] ja in le mense de maio, le [[Corsica]] es perdite: excepte alcun portos, le Franceses non possede plus ibi que [[Bastia]]<ref name="Mathiez391" />, e le 19 de januario 1794, le Angleses, convocate per Paoli, comencia a occupar le insula. ==== Fin del Vendee ==== [[File:Henri-de-la-rochejacquelein-1.jpg|thumb|left|redresse|[[Henri de La Rochejaquelein]], tela de [[Pierre-Narcisse Guérin|Guérin]], verso 1816.]] [[File:Louis Hersent - Le général Louise-Marie Turreau (1756-1816), lors de l'affaire de Gravière (8 prairial, an VIII - 21 mai 1800) (P747) - P747 - Musée Carnavalet.jpg|thumb|[[Louis Marie Turreau]], tela de [[Louis Hersent]], 1800, Paris, [[Museo Carnavalet]].]] Post le reverses del primavera e del estate 1793, le tropas republicane reprende le superioritate in autumno e inflige un prime disfacta al [[Armea catholic e regal (Vendee)|Armea catholic e regal]] durante le [[Secunde batalia de Cholet|batalia de Cholet]] del 17 de octobre. Totevia, le armea royalista non es destruite, lo que permitte a su nove chef, [[Henri de La Rochejacquelein]], de tentar prender le porto de [[Assedio de Granville|Granville]], in le [[Cotentin]], pro realisar un jonction con le [[Grande Britannia (regno)|Angleses]] e le [[emigratos]] qui debe disbarcar ibi. Iste expedition, cognoscite sub le nomine de [[virada de Galerne]], se solda per un fallimento (14 de novembre 1793)<ref group=Note>Post le prime disfacta se profila, con le difficultates de un armea battite, disorganisate e al fin de su vires, dissensiones inter le chefes que impedi omne coordination concertate con le coalite. {{harvsp|Dupuy|Mazauric|2005|p=227}}.</ref>. Post iste reverso, le superstites del armea regal se dirige verso [[Le Mans]], ubi illes es esmagate (16-19 de decembre). Le resto del tropas es postea massacrate a [[Savenay]] (22-23 de decembre 1793){{sfn|Dupuy|Mazauric|2005|p=228}}{{,}}{{sfn|Solé|2008|p=556-557}}: le grande Armea catholic e regal non existe plus. Le republicanos reprende le controlo del [[Guerra de Vendee|Vendee]] e del [[departamento francese|departamentos]] vicin insurge e illac instaura un repression terribile: le decretos del 1 de augusto e del 1 de octobre 1793 organisa le destruction del [[Vendee militar]]<ref group=Note>Totevia, iste decretos demanda de respectar le feminas, le infantes e le veteres, ma etiam le homines sin armas. [[Jean-Clément Martin]], ''Le Vendee e le Revolution'', Perrin, 2007, {{p.|93}}.</ref>. Inter decembre 1793 e februario 1794, con un extreme barbarie, le representante in mission [[Jean-Baptiste Carrier]] face exequer plure milles personas a [[Nantes]], ubi le necamento e le fucilationes collective ha remanite sinistremente celebre{{sfn|Dupuy|Mazauric|2005|p=228}}{{,}}{{sfn|Solé|2008|p=556-557}}. A [[Angers]], circa 2000 feminas es executate. Le repression se abatte etiam super [[Saumur]]{{sfn|Martin|2006|p=203}}. Le 17 de januario 1794, le [[columnas infernal]] commandate per le [[Lista del generales del Revolution e del Prime Imperio|general]] [[Louis Marie Turreau]] es organisate. In le [[Bocage vendean]], iste columnas brucia le villages, massacra le population sin facer distinction inter patriotas e rebelles, e, in plus del homicidios, multiplica le violos e le infanticidios{{sfn|Solé|2008|p=556}}. Iste repressiones de grande saevitate alimenta un reaction hostile del Vendeanos contra le poter revolutionari e produce un nove forma de lucta — un guerrilla — que permitte ancora in le primavera 1794 al insurrectos, sub le commandamento de [[Jean-Nicolas Stofflet|Stofflet]] o de [[François-Athanase Charette de La Contrie|Charette]], de reportar alcun successos punctuales. Nonobstante, pro le majoritate, iste combattimentos terminara in 1795 e 1796, post le arrestation e le execution de iste duo chefes. Tamen, il faudra attender le concordato de 1801 pro que le Vendee sia pacificate de maniera plus durabile. === Stabilisation del governo e crise popular === ==== Governo revolutionari ==== [[File:Le Pont Royal et le Pavillon de Flore, 1814 - BnF.jpg|thumb|left|<center>Vista, ab le [[Pont Royal (Paris)|ponte Royal]], del [[pavillon de Flore]], renominate « pavillon del Equalitate » durante le Revolution<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Marc Bouloiseau]] |title=Le Comite de salute public (1793-1795) |publisher=[[Presses universitaires de France]] |series=[[Que sais-je ?]] |location=Paris |number=1014 |year=1980 |edition=3 |origyear=1962 |isbn=2-13-036319-9}}</ref>. Le Comite de salute public sede al piano basse super le jardin, in le ancian appartamento del [[Marie-Antoinette de Austria|regina]]<ref>Christiane Aulanier, ''Historia del Palatio e del Museo del Louvre: Le Pavillon de flore'', Paris, Éditions des Musées nationaux, 1947, {{p.|45}}.</ref>.<br> Design a plume e [[lavis]] a tinta brun, 1814.</center>.]] [[File:Brissot et 20 de ses complices condamnés à mort par le tribunal révolutionnaire.jpg|thumb|[[Jacques Pierre Brissot|Brissot]] e vinti altere [[Convention national|conventional]] [[Gironde (Revolution francese)|girondin]] condemnate a morte per le [[Tribunal revolutionari]], {{nobr|fin octobre 1793}}.<br> Gravura anonyme, Paris, [[Bibliotheca national de Francia|BnF]], 1793.]] Ja in april 1793, le exercitio del poter del [[Convention national|Convention]] es fixate in su grandes lineas. Su carta, basate super le reporto de [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just|Saint-Just]] del 10 de octobre 1793 —que declara {{Citation|le governo revolutionari usque al pace}}—, es nettemente reinfortiate per le decreto del 4 de decembre 1793{{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.II|p=87}}. Iste governo —le plus revolutionari e le plus republicano del Revolution— sera le sol cuje statutos permittera de facer exequer su voluntates<ref>Paul Sainte-Claire Deville ''Le Commune del An II – Vita e morte de un assemblea revolutionari'' Plon 1946 {{p.|130-131}}.</ref>. Es un governo de [[guerras del Revolution francese|guerra]], que debe retornar a un regime constitutional ({{Citation|regime del libertate victoriose e pacific}}), tosto que su inimicos sera vincite{{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.II|p=87}}. Pro le poter constituite, il se tracta principalmente de controlar le [[Anarchia|processo anarchisante]] verso le qual tende le [[sans-culottes]] parisian<ref group=Note>Robespierre e su proximes non accepta plus le anarchia verso le qual tende le movimento sans-culottes de Paris. {{harvsp|Godechot|1965|p=336}}.</ref>. Assi le decreto del 14 de frimaire, an II constitue le prime effortio pro coordinar le mesuras revolutionari prendite con le objectivo de blocar le decisiones del comitatos e del [[sectiones revolutionari de Paris|sectiones parisian]]{{sfn|Godechot|1965|p=336}}. In consequentia, un [[Constitution del 6 messidor an I|constitution provisori]] es installate pro le duration del governo revolutionari. Iste [[Decreto in Francia|decreto]] organiza su minime detalios: il se tracta de poner fin al initiativas disordinate del [[Representante in mission|representantes in mission]], de reinfortiar le [[centralisation]], de supprimer etiam le « armeas revolutionari departamental »<ref group="Note">Iste armeas revolutionari departamental (o provincial) se ha rendite culpabile de numerose excessos; in les disbandar, le poter porta un colpo fatal al ultra-revolutionarios (hebertistas) in le departamentos e reduce a nihil lor base militante. Françoise Brunel, ''Thermidor Le cadita de Robespierre'', Édition Complexe, 1989; {{p.|16-19}}.</ref>, assi como le tribunales revolutionari local: de ora in avante, le sol [[Tribunal revolutionari]] sederá a [[Paris]]. Le Convention deveni le « centro unic del impulsion del Governo », proque es illo qui elige le duo comitatos de governo — [[Comite de salute public]] e [[Comite de securitate general]], cuje competentias es fixate per le lege, assi como illas del altere institutiones del [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]]{{sfn|Godechot|1988|p=154}}. ==== Dechristianisation ==== {{AP|Dechristianisation (Revolution francese)|Culto del Ration}} [[File:Fête de la Raison 1793.jpg|thumb|Festa del Ration a [[Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame de Paris]] le 10 de novembre 1793. Un montania es erigite in le coro, un actrice personifica le Libertate. Le Convention veni assister al ceremonia.<br> [[Gravura]], Paris, [[Bibliotheca national de Francia|BnF]], 1793.]] Ab le initio del Revolution, le multiple fractures apparite inter le [[clero]] e le revolutionarios crea un dynamica de crise que se aggrava progressivemente con le radicalisation del evenimentos<ref>[[Michel Vovelle]], ''Le Revolution contra le ecclesia'' - ''Del ration al Essere supreme'', Éditions Complexe, 1988, {{p.|29}}.</ref>: assi le [[Dechristianisation (Revolution francese)|dechristianisation]] precede le [[Terrore (Revolution francese)|Terrore]] e fini per confunder se con illo. Nascite in [[provincia]], ubi le prime manifestationes se developpa visibilemente in augusto 1793<ref>Jean Jaurès, ''Historia socialista del Revolution francese – Le governo revolutionari'', Tomo {{VI}} – Edition revidite e annotate per Albert Soboul, Messidor, 1986, {{p.|304}}.</ref>, le dechristianisation cognosce un initio relativemente tarde a Paris. Organisate, ma non imponite<ref group=Note>Le dechristianisation non es non plus un movimento spontane, como habeva essite le Grande Timor. Michel Vovelle, ''Le Revolution contra le ecclesia'', {{Opcit}}, {{p.|17}}.</ref>, iste movimento se extende in numerose [[departamento francese|departamentos]]{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=231}}. [[Iconoclasmo]], [[vandalismo]] e [[blasphemia]]s anti-christian va esser officialmente incoragiate per le [[Representante in mission|representantes in mission]] e per le [[Societate politic|societates popular]], accelerante assi le collapso del [[Ecclesia constitutional]], penosemente installate desde 1791<ref>Frédéric Bluche, Stéphane Rials, Jean Tulard, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|102}}.</ref>. Le [[Hebertistas o Exaggerates|hebertistas]] usa iste movimento pro destabilisar le [[Convention montagnarde|governo]]<ref name="Bertaud2004p252">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=252}}.</ref> e developpa le culto del martires del Revolution, durante que le Convention adopta le [[calendario republicano]] le 5 de octobre 1793. Le 10 de novembre sequente, le [[Culto del Ration|festa del Ration]] es celebrate in le [[Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris]], transformate in [[tempio del Ration]] pro le occasion: le hebertismo pare alora esser maestro del citate e del Revolution<ref>Jean Jaurès, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|306}}.</ref>. Le 23 de novembre, le [[Communa de Paris (1792)|Communa]] ordina le clausura del [[ecclesia (edificio)|ecclesias]]. Ma le [[Comite de salute public]], tanto como le [[Robespierismo|robespierristas]], es hostile al dechristianisation e time le periculos que iste movimento face currer al [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]], tanto al interior como al exterior<ref group=Note>Le periculo es real de vider, al interior, le movimento a impulsar le numerose Franceses remanite fidel a lor religion a rejectar le Revolution e, al exterior, a espaventar le statos estranier remanite neutral e in pace con le Republica.</ref>. Le intervention de [[Georges Danton|Danton]], supportate per [[Robespierre]], da a pensar al dirigentes del Commune e, desde alora, le movimento reflue. Ma le [[Comite de salute public]], si illo rememora le principio del [[libertate de culto]] (6 de decembre 1793), non es in mesura de facer respectar celle-ci normalmente, e obtene hic solmente un successo de principio {{sfn|Soboul|1973|p=226-228}}. Contenite a Paris, le movimento percorrera le pais durante ancora plure menses. ==== Le lucta del factiones ==== {{double image|right|Camille Desmoulins, Musée Carnavalet.jpg|160|Le Vieux Cordelier n° 3.jpg|130|[[Camille Desmoulins]] e le [[Prime pagina (journalismo)|prime pagina]] del tertie numero de su jornal ''[[Le Vieux Cordelier]]'' (15 de decembre 1793).}} Si in decembre 1793 le situation militar comencia a meliorar, celle del « parve populo » ha guadagnate pochissimo e le malcontentamento del [[sans-culottes]] remane. Con le disparition del [[enragiate]], [[Jacques-René Hébert|Hébert]] e le [[Club del cordeliers|cordeliers]] se trova al prime plano del republicanos « [[Hebertistas|exaggerate]] » e profita del situation social pro demandar mesuras sempre plus radical{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=241}}<ref group=Note>Cet episodio del Revolution, que oppone solmente montagnardos, se forma in septembre-octobre 1793 —durante que le dechristianisation face rage in Francia, postea a Paris— inter le moderate, appellate, secundo le casos, citra-revolutionarios, dantonistas o indulgentes, e le hebertistas, appellate ultra-revolutionarios o exaggerates; le ultime essente membros del Club del cordeliers. Françoise Brunel, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|19}}.</ref>{{,}}<ref name="Bertaud2004p263">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=263}}.</ref>. Iste surenchère del ultra-revolutionarios displace le « [[indulgentes]] » qui supporta mal le discursos inflamate del partisanos del [[Terrore (Revolution francese)|Terrore]]{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=241}}. Pro illes, in effecto, un vice le guerra interne finite e le invasion controlate, le Terrore e su sequela de constrangimentos economic e social non ha plus ration de esser. Depost, illes lancea un campania pro le indulgentia, e [[Georges Danton|Danton]] reclama {{citation|le economia del sanguine del homines}} 2 de frimaire-22 de novembre 1793), durante que, de su parte, su amico [[Camille Desmoulins|Desmoulins]], in su nove jornal ''[[Le Vieux Cordelier]]'' ({{Date républicaine|15|frimaire}}-5 de decembre), attacca le exaggerates e demanda le creation de un comite de clementia{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=95}}. Assi se formava le faction del indulgentes (o dantonistas o moderate o citras), contra celle del ultras (o hebertistas o exaggerates). ===== Drama de germinal ===== In luctar contra le factiones del [[Hebertistas|ultra-revolutionarios]] e del [[indulgentes]], le [[Comite de salute public]] perseque su objectivo de stabilisation del Revolution<ref name="Bertaud2004p263" />. Durante le lucta contra le [[Dechristianisation (Revolution francese)|dechristianisation]], le Comite impone su puncto de vista al movimento popular e da garanties al indulgentes toto facente creder a le unes e al alteres que ille es favorabile a lor revendicationes {{sfn|Soboul|1973|p=230-233}}, [[Robespierre]], pro su parte, essente pro un tempore plus proxime al indulgentes<ref group="Note">Le 20 de decembre (30 de frimaire), Robespierre ha obtenite del Assemblea un Comite de justitia destinate a revider le casos del individuos incarcerate injustemente. Ma le indulgentes vole un Comite de clementia, id es le apertura del prisiones, preludio evidente a un politica de pace. Iste proposition es contrari al politica del governo, que le rejecta. Billaud-Varenne face revocar le decreto le 6 de nivôse, an II. {{cite book |author=Frédéric Bluche |title=Danton |publisher=Perrin |year=1984 |pages=413–414 et 417}}. {{harvsp|Solé|2008|p=561}} : In un prime tempore, Robespierre incoragia le jornal de Desmoulins « Le Vieux Cordelier », in le qual ille vide un rival del jornal de Hébert « Le père Duchêne », e remane durante plure menses in bon relationes con Danton.</ref>. Ora, nihil de isto es ver, nam pro le [[Convention montagnarde|governo]], il non se tracta solmente de vincer, ma de annihilar le inimico — le coalite, como le royalista —, e pro imponer le pace, le [[Terrore (Revolution francese)|Terrore]] es le instrumento que le pare indispensabile{{sfn|Bertaud|1986|p=237}}. Le hiberno 1793-1794, extrememente dur pro le populo, toccate per le frigore e le fame, es le alleate del extremistas. Un nove vice, Hébert profita de illo pro pulsar le [[sans-culottes]] verso le via del violentia: on poteva alora timer un nove [[Jornatas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|31 de maio]], assi como un renovation del [[massacres de septembre]]{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=95}}. ===== Abolition del sclavitude in le colonias ===== [[File:L'insurrection des esclaves entre dans la Convention. Jeanne Odo à la tribune.jpg|thumb|left|Proclamation del [[Decreto de abolition del sclavitude del 4 februario 1794|decreto de abolition del sclavitude]] del {16 de pluviôse, an II al [[Convention national]]. Design, Paris, [[Museo Carnavalet]].]] [[File:Réjouissances_à_l'annonce_de_l'abolition_de_l'esclavage,_30_pluviôse_an_II.jpg|thumb|Discurso de [[Pierre-Gaspard Chaumette|Chaumette]] durante le festa del abolition le 18 de februario 1794 in [[Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame]], devenite [[Tempio del Ration]]<ref>{{Lien web |auteur=Luce-Marie Albigès |titre=Le festa del abolition del sclavitude a Paris |sous-titre=Historia analysate in imagines e obras de arte |url=https://histoire-image.org/etudes/fete-abolition-esclavage-paris |site=L'histoire par l'image |date=Octobre 2006 |consulté le=2024-03-14}}</ref>.]] Le diverse gruppos del [[Montania (Revolution francese)|Montania]] e del [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune]] se accorda provisoriemente pro proclamar, in nomine del equalitate e del genere human, le [[Abolition del sclavitude|emancipation del Negros]] in le [[colonia]]s. Al initio del anno 1794, tres nove deputatos de [[San-Domingue (colonia francese)|San-Domingue]] — [[Louis-Pierre Dufay|Dufay]] (Blanco), [[Jean-Baptiste Mills|Mills]] ([[metisse]]) e [[Jean-Baptiste Belley|Belley]] (Nigro) — disbarca in le metropole. Post esser arrestate duo vices a demanda del lobby sclavista, illes fini per esser admittite al [[Assemblea national (Francia)|Assemblea national]] le 15 de pluviôse, an II<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |first1=Florence |last1=Gauthier |title=Inedite de Belley, Mills e Dufay, deputatos de Saint-Domingue, de Roume e del Comite de salute public concernente le dismantelamento del rete del lobby sclavista in Francia februario-marzo 1794 |journal=Annales historiques de la Révolution française |volume=302 |issue=1 |pages=607–611 |date=1995 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ahrf_0003-4436_1995_num_302_1_1817 |access-date=2026-08-09}}</ref>. Le die sequente, {{Date républicaine|16|pluviôse|an II-|conversion*}}, le [[sclavitude colonial]] es [[Abolition del sclavitude|abolite]] post interventiones de [[René Levasseur|Levasseur]], Lacroix, le [[abbate Grégoire]], [[Pierre-Joseph Cambon|Cambon]], [[Georges Jacques Danton|Danton]], [[François-Louis Bourdon|Bourdon de l'Oise]]<ref>Yves Benot, « Comment le Convention ha votate le abolition del sclavitude in le colonias », ''Annales historiques de la Révolution française'' tertie e quarte trimestres 1993; ''Le Revolution francese e le fin del colonias'', Paris, 2004 (1987); Florence Gauthier, ''Triomphe e morte del derecto natural in revolution, 1789-1795-1802'', Paris, PUF, 1992.</ref>. In tote le partes del Republica, le personas de color es ora libere e equal: le sclavos es non solmente liberate de lor catenas, ma illes es etiam plenmente citatanos e pote participar al electiones. Le vespere mesme, le tres deputatos de San-Domingue es calorosemente benvenite al [[Club del Jacobinos]] per [[Philibert Simond|Simond]], [[Antoine-François Momoro|Momoro]], [[Nicolas Maure|Maure]]…<ref>Jean-Daniel Piquet, ''Le emancipation del Negros in le revolution francese (1789-1795)'', Paris, Karthala, 2002.</ref> Le mesura abolitionista es etiam salutate per ''Le Folio del salute public'', organo non-official del Comite de salute public<ref>Yves Benot, ''art. cit''.</ref>. Finalmente, le 30 de pluviôse (18 de februario), le decreto es objecto de un ceremonia al [[tempio del Ration]] ([[Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris|Notre-Dame de Paris]]) sub le direction de [[Pierre-Gaspard Chaumette|Chaumette]], que suscitará alcun dies plus tarde apud [[Jacques-René Hébert|Hébert]] « le grande allegressa » del ''[[Le Patre Duchesne (Revolution francese)|Patre Duchesne]]''<ref>''Patre Duchesne'' {{n°|347}} texto citate per Aimé Césaire, ''Toussaint-Louverture, Le revolution francese e le problema colonial'', Paris, Présence africaine, 1961.</ref>. In un tentativa de dismantelar le lobby sclavista, le duo commissarios de San-Domingue, Page e [[Auguste Jean Brulley|Brulley]], fervente adversarios del abolition e al origine del arrestation del deputatos de San-Domingue, es illes mesme arrestate le {{Date républicaine|17|ventôse|an II*|conversion*}}<ref name=":0" />. ===== Reprise del luctas de factiones ===== Le [[Lege de ventôse an II|decretos de ventôse]] (26 de februario e 3 de martio 1794) —manovra del [[Governo revolutionari|governo]] pro separar le sans-culottes de lor chefes ultra-revolutionari{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=245}}{{,}}<ref>Jacques Godechot, ''Le Revolutiones'', {{Opcit}}, {{p.|172}}.</ref>— legalisa le [[Sequestro (derecto)|sequestration del benes]] pertinente a personas recognoscite como inimicos del [[Prime Republica (Francia)|Republica]], iste benes debente servir a alleviar le malfortunate<ref name="Bertaud2004p243">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=243}}.</ref>. Ma iste mesuras non suffice a calmar le agitation sans-culottes e [[Jacques-René Hébert]] ha belle joco a denuntiar le faction del « dormitores » del [[Convention national|Convention]], illes qui vole poner sur le mesme pede le « ver patriotas » e le indulgentes{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=266}}, {{Citation|qui vole destruer le patibulos proque illes time montar ibi}}. Le situation essente explosive, le poter revolutionari time le pejor. Le revelationes concernente le factiones confirma le apprehensiones de [[Maximilien de Robespierre|Robespierre]] e [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just|Saint-Just]]. In effecto, in le autumno 1793, le « faction hebertista » es denuntiate apud le comitatos per duo montagnardos ([[Fabre d'Églantine]] le 27 de septembre e [[François Chabot]] le 14 de novembre), suspectate de esser implicate in un vaste « [[conspiration con le estraniero]] »{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=95}}{{,}}{{sfn|Solé|2008|p=562}}. Le poter tamen non vole divulgar iste affaire, per timor de discreditar le Montania e de rumper su unitate<ref group="Note">[[Fabre d'Églantine]], le 27 septembre, resume a Robespierre le supponite plano de Hébert. Il se tracta in un prime tempore de organisar le fame, de epurar le Convention, de exequer le Girondinos arrestate [[Jornatas del 31 maio e del 2 junio 1793|(le 75)]], postea de apprehender Danton, [[Jean-François Delacroix|Lacroix]] e Robespierre. In un secunde tempore, de prender le poter con le adjuta del armea revolutionari, del ministerio del guerra e del majoritate del jacobinos. Quanto a [[François Chabot|Chabot]], ille esseva atacate al Convention a proposito de su matrimonio con le juvene soror de un banquero austriac ric ([[Junius Frey]]) e pro su relationes con estranieros fraudulente. Suspectate de agiotage e trovante se al bord del abysmo post haber essayate de trovar supportos, ille se lancea in le delation. Le 14 novembre, ille denuntia, a Robespierre postea al Comite de securitate general, un chantagie financiari, parte visibile de un complot contra-revolutionari: es le affaire del [[Compania francese del Indias oriental]], machinate per le famose [[Jean-Pierre, baron de Batz|baron de Batz]], pro ruinar le Republica. Le affaire del Compania del Indias non essente nisi un ramification. Mesmo si Danton non es personalmente implicate in iste affaire, ille se trova compromise per alcun de su amicos. Il es le mesme pro le ultras, inter le quales Hébert e alcun de su companiones es etiam maculate per iste affaire. {{harvsp|Bluche|1984|p=391-394}}.</ref>. In effecto, durante iste periodo, Robespierre non es in mesura de attaccar le [[Commune de Paris (1792)|Commune de Paris]], fortia sans-culottes, supportate per alcun membros del comitatos de governo preoccupate de proteger Hébert{{sfn|Bluche|1984|p=396-397}}. [[File:Supplice de Gobel, Hébert, Vincent, Chaumette.jpg|thumb|[[Jacques-René Hébert|Hébert]], [[François-Nicolas Vincent|Vincent]], [[Jean Conrad de Kock|De Kock]], [[Anacharsis Cloots|Clootz]] e [[Charles-Philippe Ronsin|Ronsin]] super le carretta que los conduce al guillotin. Le legenda es incorrecte: Hébert e Vincent esseva executate le 4 germinal an II, Chaumette e Gobel le 24 germinal.<br> ''Tablas historic del Revolution francese'', [[Bibliotheca national de Francia|BnF]], [[Departamento del gravuras e del fotografia del Bibliotheca national de Francia|departamento del gravuras]], 1802.]] Tamen, in le primavera sequente, le reinfortiamento del [[governo revolutionari|governo]], le debilitamento del factiones rival e le accordo inter le duo comitatos modifica le situation e permitte al assemblea de ager, tanto plus que le ultras, qui recomencia a agitar se, provide le occasion. Un plano de insurrection contra le Convention, imprudentemente proclamate per [[Charles-Philippe Ronsin|Ronsin]], postea reprense per [[François-Nicolas Vincent|Vincent]] e Hébert (4 de martio 1794), precipita le decision{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=245}}. Post un vane tentativa de conciliation de [[Collot d’Herbois]], sub le impulsion de Robespierre — qui vole abatter le faction que ille judica le plus periculose —, le reporto de [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just|Saint-Just]] del 10 de martio sequente al Convention{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=252}} conduce al arrestation del principal chefes hebertistas (Jacques-René Hébert, Momoro, Ronsin e Vincent) durante le nocte del 23 al {{date républicaine|24|ventôse|an II}}. Alcun dies plus tarde, illes es traducite ante le [[Tribunal revolutionari]]<ref group="Note">In toto, vinti accusates: del contra-revolutionarios como [[Pierre Quétineau]] e su sposa Jeanne, un aristocrate, le [[Michel de Laumur|general Laumur]]; estranieros e agentes del estraniero: [[Jean-Baptiste Cloots|Anacharsis Clootz]], [[Jean Conrad de Kock|Kock]], [[Berthold Proly|Proli]], [[François Desfieux|Desfieux]], [[Jacob Pereira|Pereira]], Dubuisson; patriotas, como [[Jean-Baptiste Albert Mazuel|Mazuel]], Bourgeois, Leclerc, [[Jean Baptiste Ancard|Ancard]], Ducroquet, Descombes, e un informator: Laboureau, le sol qui sera gratificate. Le acto de accusation redactate contra le quatro dirigentes cordeliers confirma al sans-culottes que le processo de germinal es ben lor processo e constitue ben le resultato del lucta initiate per le comitatos ja in septembre 1793. {{harvsp|Soboul|1973|p=362}}.</ref>. Amalgamate a agentes del « complot del estraniero », post un processo trucate, illes es condemnate a morte e executate le 24 de martio 1794<ref name="Bertaud2004p267">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=267}}.</ref>. Post haber se liberate del hebertistas, Robespierre e Saint-Just — sub le pression de [[Marc-Guillaume-Alexis Vadier|Vadier]] e su alliates del [[Comite de securitate general]] —, adjutate per Collot d’Herbois e [[Billaud-Varenne]], reprende a lor conto le lucta contra le indulgentes{{sfn|Dupuy|2005|p=255}}. Totevia, le [[Maximilien de Robespierre|Incorruptibile]] hesita a unir se a illes qui demanda le accusation de Danton, ma cede finalmente post le fallimento del entrevistas del fin de [[ventôse]] e del initio de [[germinal]]<ref group="Note">Plure entrevistas es organisate (fin ventôse e le ultime le 1 de ventôse) pro incontrar Danton, e Robespierre accepta de ir ibi; forsan ille pensa que Danton pote justificar se, explicar se o cambiar de conducta; post le ultime entrevista Robespierre dicera: {{citation|Il ha un traito de Danton que prova un anima nigre: ille habeva altemente preconisate le ultime productiones de Desmoulins; in le ultime visita de que io parla, ille me parlava de Desmoulins con disprecio: ille attribueva su deviationes a un vitio private e vergoniose, ma absolutemente estranier al Revolution. Iste homine ha pro principio de rumper ipse le instrumentos del quales ille se ha servite.}} [[Jean Massin]], {{Opcit}}, {{p.|242}}. Ma il esseva totevia impossibile de salvar Desmoulins, qui in [[Le Vieux Cordelier|su jornal]] developpava le themas del propaganda dantonista (prova pesante pro le tribunal) e cuje textos esseva reprise per le contra-revolutionarios e le moderate. Robespierre le reprochava, inter altere cosas, su amicitia con le ci-devant [[Arthur de Dillon|general Dillon]]: le ration de stato triumphava super le amicitia. {{harvsp|Bertaud|1986|p=274-276}}.</ref>. [[File:Danton et Hébert par Vivant Denon.jpg|thumb|left|[[Jacques-René Hébert|Hébert]] conducite al guillotin (a dextra), e [[Georges Jacques Danton|Danton]] durante su [[Processo de Georges Danton e del dantonistas|processo]] (a sinistra). Croquis prendite sur le vive per [[Dominique Vivant Denon]] (collection particular).]] Le reporto del 23 de martio 1794 de Saint-Just super « le factiones del estraniero » es presentate le die sequente al Convention, que da su accordo a iste demanda presentate como un ultime purga parlamentar{{sfn|Solé|2008|p=561}}, durante que Vadier, grande inimico del [[Georges Danton|Tribuno]], obtene le decision de facer arrestar le [[Indulgentes|moderate]] ante le voto del [[Decreto in Francia|decreto]] de accusation{{sfn|Bluche|1984|p=453}}. Danton, qui ha refusate de fugir ({{citation|On non porta le patria al planta de su calce!}}), es arrestate durante le nocte del 9 al 10 de germinal, an II con su amicos: [[Camille Desmoulins]], totevia proxime a Robespierre, Fabre d'Églantine, compromise in le affaire del [[Compania francese del Indias oriental|Compania del Indias]], assi como trede altere [[Indulgentes|dantonistas]] o suspectos<ref group="Note">Chabot, [[Jean-Marie Hérault de Séchelles|Hérault de Séchelles]], [[Claude Basire]], [[Joseph Delaunay|Delaunay d’Angers]], Philippeaux, [[Jean-François Delacroix|Lacroix]], le [[Abbate d'Espagnac]], le Austriacos [[Junius Frey]], e su fratre [[Emmanuel Frey|Emmanuel]], le danese Deisderichen, le espaniol [[Andres Maria de Guzman|Guzman]], le procurator Lullier e le general [[François-Joseph Westermann|Westermann]] es guillotinates.</ref>. Judicate le 2 de april (13 de germinal) sequente, illes es ponite in le mesme sacco que affairistas accusate de speculation, postea condemnate a morte<ref group=Note>Sub le accusation {{Citation|de haber essite implicate in le conspiration tendente a restaurar le monarchia e destruer le representation national e le governo republicano}}. {{harvsp|Bluche|1984|p=462}}.</ref> e guillotinates le 5 de april sequente (16 de germinal), post un processo tanto truccate<ref group="Note">Le processo del indulgentes es un processo politic: on time le eloquentia de Danton, ma si illes es absolvite (como [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] in april 1793) le colpo sera fatal pro tote le governo revolutionari; in iste caso il les es necessari de condemnar, ma isto implica que le debates sia de pur forma. Le processo va mal, un decreto demandate per [[Martial Joseph Armand Herman|Herman]] e [[Antoine Fouquier-Tinville|Fouquier-Tinville]], obtenite per le Comite de salute public, dispone que: {{citation|Omne prevenite de conspiration qui resiste, o insulta le justitia national, sera retirate del debates e judicate immediatemente.}} Como Fouquier-Tinville dicera al reception del decreto: {{citation|Per mi fide, nos habeva multo besonio de illo}}. {{cite book |author=Pierre Labracherie |title=Fouquier Tinville - Accusator public |publisher=Fayard |year=1961 |pages=157–159}}</ref> que illo del hebertistas. Le ala dextra del montagnardos non existe plus. Le 4 de april 1794, durante le processo del indulgentes, exploda le « [[Conspiration del prisiones]] »{{sfn|Melchior-Bonnet|1988|p=97}} — appellate etiam « conspiration del Luxembourg »<ref group="Note">Real o supponite, etiam inventate (manipulationes policier), le complotos e specialmente le « complotos del prisiones » es un thema repetitive que on trova durante tote le Revolution: ja desde le [[massacres de septembre]], como pro le episodio consecutive al [[Lege de Prairial|lege del 22 prairial an II]] (10 junio 1794). In le caso del « complot » del 4 de april 1794, illes permitte de guillotinar le sposas de [[Camille Desmoulins]] e de [[Jacques-René Hébert]] ({{harvsp|Tulard|Fayard|Fierro|1987|p=674}} e {{harvsp|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=280}}) e de disfacer se de personas incommodante, tal como Chaumette o Gobel… Es etiam un medio de vacuar le prisiones de Paris, plene a causa del clausura del tribunales de provincia per le lege del 27 de germinal, an II – 16 de april 1794.</ref> —, revelate per un prisionero, [[Alexandre de Laflotte]]. Le objectivo del operation — facer evader le indulgentes inculpate in favor de un insurrection del prisiones — pare plausibile a Robespierre e a Saint-Just<ref>{{cite book |author=Jean-Paul Bertaud |title=Camille e Lucile Desmoulins – Un copulo in le turbamento |publisher=[[Presses de la Renaissance]] |year=1986 |page=288}}</ref>. Iste complot esserea tramate per le general [[Arthur de Dillon]] e un altere detento, le deputato del [[Bas-Rhin]] [[Philibert Simond]]. Accusate de financiar le operation, [[Lucile Desmoulins]] es incarcerate a [[Prison Sainte-Pélagie|Sainte-Pélagie]]<ref group="Note">Lucile Desmoulins, qui non es politisate — a differentia de [[Madame Roland]], [[Charlotte Corday]] o [[Olympe de Gouges]] —, negará ante su judices omne implication in iste « complot ». Es tamen ver que illa ha tentate de incitar tote le amicos de su marito pro demandar su gratia o su liberation, e ha etiam scribite litteras a Robespierre que illa cognosceva ben (su testimonio de matrimonio), litteras in le quales le demandas de gratia se misceva con criticas acerbe. - {{harvsp|Bertaud|1986|p=289 et 312-313}}. Le « mouton » Laflotte, detenite al Luxembourg, ha declarate que: {{citation|Le general Dillon e un altere detento, [[Philibert Simond|Simond]], habeva conspirate pro salvar le accusates, assassinar le patriotas e le membros del [[Tribunal revolutionari]]. Le femina de Camille Desmoulins les haberea inviate moneta a iste fin.}} {{harvsp|Labracherie|1961|p=158}}.</ref>. Le 12 de april (23 de germinal) sequente, sub le motivo de haber volite {{citation|… massacrar le representantes del populo e reponer super le throno le filio del tiranno…}}, le accusates, post un judicio summari, es condemnate a morte. Amalgamate a [[Pierre-Gaspard Chaumette]], oblidate del processo hebertista, a [[Jean-Baptiste Gobel|Gobel]], episcopo abdicatari de [[Paris]], al [[Marie Marguerite Françoise Hébert|vidua Hébert]], assi como a vinti-tres altere accusates, iste nove fornada, de vinti-nove condemnates, es conducite al patibulo ja le die sequente{{sfn|Bertaud|1986|p=288-291}}. Le tres phases del purga de germinal habera causate quasi sexanta victimas, de que dece-un deputatos{{sfn|Soboul|Suratteau|Gendron|2004|p=432}}. ===== Culmination e consequentias ===== Le conclusion e le sequela del eventos de germinal es de grande importantia, nam illes significa que le poter ha le voluntate de clauder le periodo de « guerra civil » que le factiones nutriva, e de lancear se in le fundation del nove societate expectate desde le initios del Revolution{{sfn|Martin|2006|p=214-216}}. Ma, in le immediate, in iste primavera 1794, si le controlo del vita politic marca un victoria tactic del [[Comite de salute public]] e de [[Robespierismo|Robespierre]]{{sfn|Furet|Richet|1973|p=246}}, le antagonismo crescente de iste electos con le movimentos popular fixa le divorcio con le massas {{sfn|Soboul|1973|p=352}}, nam, al die sequente del execution del principal fundatores del Terrore, le disorientation de multe sans-culottes es manifeste, durante que le ligamines de « fraternitate republicane » que les associava al autoritates se distende e se rumpe: le Revolution se trova a arresto<ref name="Bertaud2004p268">{{harvsp|Bertaud|2004|p=268}}.</ref>. Assi, de [[germinal]] a [[thermidor]], le relationes inter le governo revolutionari e le movimento popular non cessara de degrader se<ref>Albert Soboul, ''Le Revolution francese'', tomo II, {{Opcit}}, {{p.|86}}.</ref>. === Robespierre e le Terrore === {{AP|Terrore (Revolution francese)}} [[File:Fête de l'Etre suprême 2.jpg|thumb|[[Culto del Essere supreme|Festa del Essere supreme]], 1794. Paris, [[Museo Carnavalet]].]] [[File:Robespierre.jpg|thumb|left|Retrato de [[Robespierre]] verso 1790.]] [[File:Jean-Joseph-François Tassaert - La Nuit du 9 au 10 thermidor an II.jpg|thumb|''Le nocte del 9 al 10 de thermidor, anno II'', gravura colorate de [[Jean-Joseph-François Tassaert]] secundo [[Fulchran-Jean Harriet]], [[Museo Carnavalet]], verso 1796.]] Durante que le [[Terrore (Revolution francese)|Terrore]] se ralentisa in le provincias, illo se intensifica in Paris post le voto del [[Lege de Prairial|lege del 22 de prairial, anno II]] (10 de junio 1794). Le [[Tribunal revolutionari]] pote sol judicar le crimes politic. Le definition de « inimico del Revolution » es ampliate e deveni vague<ref>J.-Cl. Martin, ''Contra-Revolution, Revolution e nation in Francia (1789-1799)'', Paris, Le Seuil, 1998, cap. 4 e 5.</ref>. Iste evolution aperi le via al ''Grande Terrore'': durante le septimanas que seque, plus de 1400 personas es guillotinante in Paris. Al initio del estate 1794, le efforto de guerra consentite per le nation porta finalmente su fructos. Le 26 de junio 1794, le victoria de [[Battalia de Fleurus (1794)|Fleurus]] permitte al tropas francese de reprender [[Belgica]]. Viveres comencia a esser requisitionate in le regiones occupate pro esser inviate in Francia. Luctante contra le factiones e faciente retornar al poter le terroristas le plus zelose, Robespierre ha acquirite multe inimicos. Il ha devenite le homine politic le plus influente. Le 8 de junio 1794, quando ille preside le [[Culto del Essere supreme|Festa del Essere supreme]], su adversarios susurra que « ille vole accaparar le poter ». Su retiro temporari del scena politic permitte le constitution de un gruppo de oppositores circa le [[Comitato de securitate general]] e de ancian [[representante in mission|representantes in mission]], como [[Jean-Lambert Tallien|Tallien]] o [[Joseph Fouché|Fouché]]. Quando Robespierre decide finalmente de reapparer al [[Convention national|Convention]], ille brandi le menacia de un nove epuration, includite contra certe deputatos que ille ha le maladresse de non nominar. Le complot se forma con le supporto del [[Plan (Revolution francese)|Marais]]. Le 9 de thermidor, anno II (27 de julio 1794), ille es accusate per le Assemblea e arrestate. Un action del [[Commune de Paris (Revolution francese)|Commune de Paris]] le libera contra su voluntate e le duce al [[Hotel del citate de Paris|Hotel de Citate]]. Ma le [[Sans-culottes]], demoralisate per le suppression del autonomia del sectiones post le elimination del [[Hebertistas]], e discontente del stricte application del maximum del salarios, non se junge al supportatores de Robespierre. Le Convention, que immediatemente le ha declarate hors le lege, invia le tropas que assalta le edificio. Il es guillotinante le die sequente, le 28 de julio 1794, con [[Georges Couthon]], [[Louis Antoine de Saint-Just|Saint-Just]] e su principal partisanos. Le conventionales thermidorian revoca le deputatos [[Gironda (Revolution francese)|girondinos]] e pone fin al Terrore. Poco tempore post, le 11 de octobre 1794, le cineres de [[Jean-Jacques Rousseau]] es transferite al [[Pantheon (Paris)|Pantheon]], durante un ceremonia grandiose<ref>[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84123215 Apoteose de Jean-Jacques Rousseau, translation al Pantheon : le 11 octobre 1794].</ref>. Un altere ''pantheonisation'' revela ancora melior le complexitate del menses que seque le 9 de thermidor: in effecto, le 1 de septembre 1794, [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] entra a su turno al Pantheon, pro sortir tamen le 26 de februario sequente. Inter iste duo datas, le equilibrios politic ha cambiate in le Convention<ref>Hervé Leuwers, ''Le Revolution francese e le Imperio'', Paris, PUF, 2011, p. 130.</ref>. === Le Convention thermidorian === {{AP|Convention thermidorienne}} Post le morte de [[Robespierre]], le systema governamental instituite se disintegra rapidemente con, ja le 11 de thermidor, le decision de renovar mensilmente, e per quarto, le comitatos de governo. Le [[lege de Prairial]] es supprimite le 14 de thermidor. [[Antoine Fouquier-Tinville|Fouquier-Tinville]] es incarcerate e le [[Tribunal revolutionari]] cessa de functionar, ante de esser reorganisate le 23 {{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.I|p=257}}. Numerose prisioneros es liberate. [[File:Carrier par Vivant Denon.jpg|thumb|left|Retrato de [[Jean-Baptiste Carrier|Carrier]] durante su processo, per [[Dominique Vivant Denon|Vivant Denon]].]] Tres tendentias se confronta usque a octobre 1794: le [[Moderantismo|moderatos]] qui desira un retorno a 1791, le neo-[[hebertistas]] e le [[Club del Jacobinos|jacobinos]]. Le 25 de vendémiaire, anno III, le moderatos del [[Convention thermidorian|Convention]] mina le organisation del jacobinos per assecurar le prohibition del affiliation del [[Club politic|clubes]] inter illes. Le club electoral del neo-hebertistas claude, pro su parte, al initio de frimaire, anno III. Post haber succedite in dismantellar le organisationes politic de lor oppositores, le moderatos se dedica a eliminar lor representantes le plus celebre. [[Jean-Baptiste Carrier]] es assi guillotinante le 26 de decembre. Le [[Muscadins]] preconisa le substitution de ''[[Le Marseillese]]'' per ''[[Le Risveglio del populo (canto)|Le risveglio del populo contra le terroristas]]''. Le restos de [[Jean-Paul Marat|Marat]] es retirate del [[Pantheon (Paris)|Pantheon]], e ancian [[Montania (Revolution francese)|montaniardos]] detenite in prisones es massacrate (Lyon, Nîmes, Marseille…) Tamen, le « reaction thermidorian » non debe esser confundite con le [[royalismo]]. Le thermidorianos, del quales certe ha participate al [[Terrore (Revolution francese)|Terrore]], cerca de imponer un linea medie al poter, inter le [[Populismo (politica)|populismo]] neo-hebertista, sempre active ([[Gracchus Babeuf|Babeuf]] e su jornal ''Le tribuno del populo'', per exemplo), e le deriva royalista que menacia. [[File:1er prairial an III.jpg|thumb|''[[Insurrection del 1 prairial anno III|Jornada del 1 de prairial, anno III]]'', estampa gravate per [[Isidore Stanislas Helman|Helman]] secundo [[Charles Monnet|Monnet]], Paris, [[Bibliotheca national de Francia|BnF]], 1796.]] Le messes de 1794, in relation con un estate multo tempestose como in 1788, es multo inferior a illos de 1793. Le hiberno 1794-1795 es tanto frigide como illo de 1788-1789, e le miseria invade le stratas del grande citates<ref>{{cite book |author=Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie |title=Historia human e comparate del clima. 2, Carestias e revolutiones, 1740-1860 |publisher=[[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]] |date=2006 |isbn=2-213-62738-X}}</ref>. Le 24 de decembre 1794, le [[lege del Maximo general]], super le alimentares de prime necessitate, es supprimite con le sperantia de arrestar le [[mercato nigre]]. Le mesura provoca le collapso del [[assignatos]]: le crise agricole es accompaniate per un crise economic. Tumultos popular se declanche pro reclamar pan. Le plus famose es [[Insurrection del 12 germinal anno III|illo del 12 de germinal, anno III]] e super toto [[Insurrection del 1 prairial anno III|illo del 1 de prairial]] (20 de maio 1795). Iste ultime costa le vita al deputato [[Jean-Bertrand Féraud]], qui voleva interponer se: su testa es alora portate al extremo de un pica. Le repression cade super le manifestantes e illes qui es accusate de esser lor instigatores, particularmente sex deputatos montaniardos, le [[Crêtois]], condemnate a morte e executate. Le historico [[Albert Soboul]], specialista del Revolution francese, scribe a proposito de iste jornatas de prairial: {{citation|Su ressorto, le movimento popular, essente rumpite, le Revolution esseva finite {{sfn|Soboul|1962|loc=t.I|p=257}}}}. Le 29 de messidor (17 de julio 1795), le Convention vota le nove [[Constitution del anno III]], que constata le fin del revolution popular con le restabilimento del [[Suffragio censitari|voto censitari]]. Le nove texto es ratificate per [[plebiscito]] in septembre. In revanche, le voto super le [[decreto del duo tertios]], que permitte le renovamento de sol un tertio del sedes (lo que impedi al royalistas de haber le majoritate), es approbate sol per un breve majoritate. Consequente a iste voto, le 13 de vendémiaire, anno IV, le royalistas tenta un [[Insurrection royalista del 13 vendémiaire anno IV|golpe de stato]]. A demanda de [[Paul Barras|Barras]], le general [[Napoleon I|Bonaparte]] es incaricate de proteger le Assemblea, lo que ille face con le supporto del chef de escadron, [[Joachim Murat]]<ref>{{cite book |first=Jean |last=Tulard |title=Le Thermidorianos |location=Paris |publisher=[[Librairie Arthème Fayard|Fayard]] |year=2005 |isbn=2-213-62012-1}}</ref>. Le 4 de brumaire, anno IV, le Convention cede le loco al [[Directorio Francese|Directorio]]. === Directorio (26 de octobre 1795-9 de novembre 1799) === {{AP|Directorio}} [[File:Paul Barras.jpg|thumb|left|[[Paul Barras]] portante su costume de gala de [[Director (Directorio)|Director]].]] [[File:Audience du Directoire en Costume - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb|Audientia del [[Directorio]] in costume, le 30 de brumaire, anno IV.]] [[File:Bouchot - Le general Bonaparte au Conseil des Cinq-Cents.jpg|thumb|[[Napoleon Bonaparte]] ante le [[Consilio del Cinque-Centos]] durante le [[golpe de stato del 18 Brumaire]] conducente al fin del [[Directorio]].<br> Tela de [[François Bouchot|Bouchot]], 1840.|alt=pictura representante Bonaparte molestate per le deputatos del Cinque-Centos]] Le Directorio dura del 4 de brumaire, anno IV al 18 de brumaire, anno VIII, secundo le [[Calendario revolutionari|calendario revolutionari]]. Il es le secunde tentativa de crear un regime stabile basate super un base [[constitution]]al<ref>Thierry Aprile, ''Le {{Ire}} Republica, 1792-1804 : del cadita del Monarchia al Consulato'', Paris, Pygmalion Éditions, 1999, 317{{nb p.}}, {{p.|264}}.</ref>. Le pacification del Oeste e le fin del [[Prime Coalition]] permitte le establimento de un [[Constitution del 5 fructidor anno III|nove constitution]]. Pro le prime vice in Francia, le poter legislative repose super un parlamento [[bicamérisme|bicameral]]: le [[Consilio del Cinque-Centos]] ({{nobr|500 membros}}) e le [[Consilio del Ancianos]] ({{nobr|250 membros}}). Le poter executive es un ''directorio'' de cinque personas nominate per le Consilio del Ancianos super un lista fornite per le Consilio del Cinque-Centos. Le ministros e le cinque directores non es responsabile ante le assembleas, ma illes non pote non plus dissolver iste ultime. Como in 1791, nulle procedura permitte de resolver le conflictos<ref>''Institutiones e vita politic'', La Documentation française, 2003.</ref>. Le [[thermidorianos]] ha imponite que le duo tertios del electos proveni del [[Convention thermidorian|Convention]]. Le regiones del Oeste, del valle del Rhone e del Este del Massif central elige deputatos [[Royalismo in Francia in le XIXe seculo|royalistas]]. Durante tote le duration del Directorio, le instabilitate politic es incessante. Le « retes de correspondentia », royalistas, misce le information, le propaganda e le action politic. Illes recoperi le pais con le supporto del fratres de Louis XVI e de potentias estranier. Le partisanos del retorno al monarchia vince le electiones de martio 1797. Durante le mense de septembre sequente, le republicanos moderatos organise un [[Golpe de stato del 18 fructidor anno V|golpe de stato]] que expelle duo del cinque directores e destitue o invalida le election de {{nobr|177 deputatos}}. In 1798, le electiones sembla dar le favor al [[Club del Jacobinos|jacobinos]]. Le consilios se attribue alora le derecto de designar le deputatos in le medietate del circumscriptiones. Le thermidorianos se mantene al poter, ma es totalmente discreditate. Le situation economic contribue etiam a distornar le franceses del regime. Le imposte non entra plus. Le [[assignatos]], que ha perdite tote su valor, es reimplaciate per un altere papiro-moneta, le mandato territorial, que sube in un anno le mesme destino que le assignato. A partir de 1797, le Stato demanda al contribuintes de pagar le impostos in numerario. Or, con le crise financiari, le moneta metallic se ha rarificate. Post le annos de inflation ligate al assignato, Francia cognosce un periodo de diminution del precios que tocca principalmente le mundo rural. Incapace de facer fronte al enorme debito accumulate per le monarchia absolute e octo annos de revolution, le assembleas se resigna al [[Tertio consolidate|bancarrotta del « duo tertios »]]: Francia renuncia a pagar le duo tertios de su debito public, ma consolida le ultime tertio inscribente lo in le [[Grande libro del debito public]]. Pro parer credibile al oculos del creditores, un nove [[imposto super le portas e fenestras]] es create in 1798. Le gendarmes es requisitionate pro recovrar lo. Gratias al esfuerzos del governo de salute public, le [[Secunde amalgamation del armea sub le Revolution|armatas francese ha passate al offensive]]. In le primavera 1796, Francia lance un grande offensive trans [[Germania]] pro constranger [[Austria]] al pace. Ma es le armea de [[Italia]], commandate per le juvene general [[Napoleon Bonaparte]], que crea le surprisa volante de victoria in victoria e fortiante Austria a signar le pace per le [[Tractato de Campo Formio]] del 17 de april 1797. Inter 1797 e 1799, quasi tote le peninsula italian es transformate in un insimul de [[republicas soror|republicas soror]], con regimines e institutiones imitate sur illos de Francia. Si le victorias allegra le finantias del Directorio, illos rende le poter sempre plus dependente del armea. Bonaparte deveni le arbitro del dissensiones politic interne. Le [[Expedition de Egypto|expedition in Egypto]] ha pro objectivo de couper le via del Indias al [[Regno Unite]], ma le directores non es discontente de distanciar le supporto incomode del Corsican, qui non cela su appetito de poter. In altere parte, le multiplication del republicas soror inquieta le grande potentias, [[Russia]] e Regno Unite al prime loco, que time le contagion revolutionari e un domination troppo forte de Francia super [[Europa]]. Iste duo Statos es al origine del formation del [[Secunde Coalition]] in 1798. Le offensivas anglese, russe e austriac es repelite per le armatas francese dirigite per [[Guillaume Marie-Anne Brune|Brune]] e [[André Masséna|Masséna]]. Le Directorio fini per le [[golpe de stato del 18 Brumaire|18 de brumaire, anno VIII]] (9 de novembre 1799) de Napoleon Bonaparte, qui declara: « Citatanos, le revolution es fixate al principios qui le ha initiate, illo es finite ». Le [[Consulato (historia de Francia)|Consulato]] es instaurate. Il se tracta de un regime autoritari dirigite per tres consules, del qual sol le prime detene realmente le poter: Francia entra in un nove periodo de su historia preparante se a [[Prime Imperio Francese|confider su destino a un imperator]]. == Vide etiam == * [[Maximilien Robespierre]] * [[Napoléon Bonaparte]] == Notas == <references group="Nota"/> <references group="Note"/> {{ref}} == Bibliographia == === Obras general === * {{cite book |author=Jean-Paul Bertaud |title=Le Revolution francese |publisher=Éditions Perrin |year=2004 |pages=384 |isbn=978-2262023058}} * {{cite book |author=Michel Biard |author2=Philippe Bourdin |author3=Silvia Marzagalli |author4=Joël Cornette |editor4=yes |title=Revolution, Consulato, Imperio |subtitle=1789-1815 |volume=9 |location=Paris |publisher=Belin |series=Historia de Francia |year=2009 |pages=715 |isbn=978-2-7011-3366-9}} * {{cite book |first=Frédéric |last=Bluche |first2=Stéphane |last2=Rials |first3=Jean |last3=Tulard |title=Le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |series=Que sais-je ? |year=2004 |pages=123}} * {{cite book |author=François Furet |author2=Denis Richet |title=Le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Fayard |year=1973}} * {{cite book |author=François Furet |title=Le Revolution francese |volume=1 |location=Paris |publisher=Hachette |year=1988 |pages=544}} * {{cite book |author=François Furet |title=Historia de Francia |volume=III |chapter=Le Revolution |publisher=Hachette |year=1989}} * {{cite book |first=Jean-Pierre |last=Jessenne |title=Historia de Francia |subtitle=Revolution e Imperio |location=Paris |year=1993}} * {{cite book |author=Patrice Gueniffey |title=Historias del Revolution e del Imperio |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Perrin |year=2011 |pages=744 |isbn=978-2-262-03333-0}} * {{cite book |author=Annie Jourdan |title=Nove historia del Revolution |location=Paris |publisher=Flammarion |year=2018 |pages=657 |isbn=978-2-08-125036-9}} * {{cite book |author=Georges Lefebvre |author2=Raymond Guyot |author3=Philippe Sagnac |title=Le Revolution francese |publisher=Librairie Félix Alcan |year=1930}} * {{cite book |author=Georges Lefebvre |title=Le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |year=1989}} * {{cite book |author=Hervé Leuwers |title=Le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |series=Quadrige Manuels |year=2020 |pages=390}} * {{cite book |author=Jean-Clément Martin |title=Le Revolution francese |publisher=Éditions du Cavalier bleu |series=Ideas recepte |year=2008 |pages=126 |isbn=978-2-84670-187-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhaQO4TWNngC&printsec=frontcover}} * {{cite book |author=Jean-Clément Martin |title=Nove historia del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Perrin |year=2012 |pages=636 |isbn=978-2-262-02596-0 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/ahrf/13008}} * {{cite book |first=Jules |last=Michelet |title=Historia del Revolution francese |volume=2 |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Robert Laffont |series=Bouquins |year=1979}} * {{cite book |author=Jean-Christian Petitfils |title=le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Perrin |year=2026 |pages=832 |isbn=978-2-262-09711-0}} * {{cite book |author=Albert Soboul |title=Historia del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Gallimard |year=1984 |orig-year=1962 |pages=608 |isbn=2070701069}} * {{cite book |author=Michel Vovelle |title=Le Revolution francese explicate a mi neptote |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |year=2006 |pages=99 |isbn=2-02-081245-2}} === Instrumentos de labor === * {{cite book |author=Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire |author2=Silvia Marzagalli |title=Atlas del Revolution francese |publisher=Autrement |year=2026 |pages=96 |isbn=9782080510365}} * {{cite book |author=Jacques Godechot |title=Le Revolution francese |subtitle=chronologia commentate, sequite de notas biographic sur le personas citate |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Perrin |year=1988}} * {{cite book |editor1=François Furet |editor2=Mona Ozouf |title=Dictionario critic del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Flammarion |year=1988 |pages=1122 |isbn=2-08-211537-2 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ahrf_0003-4436_1990_num_279_1_1298_t1_0106_0000_2}} * {{cite book |editor1=Albert Soboul |editor2=Jean-René Suratteau |editor3=François Gendron |title=Diccionario historic del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |year=2004 |orig-year=1989 |pages=1132 |isbn=2-13-053605-0 |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/dhs_0070-6760_1990_num_22_1_1782_t1_0495_0000_3}} * {{cite book |author=Albert Soboul |title=Diccionario historic del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=PUF |series=Idée |year=2005}} * {{cite book |author=Gérard Walter |title=Repertorio del historia del Revolution francese, obras publicate de 1800 a 1940 |volume=I |chapter=Personas |location=Paris |year=1941a-1945}} * {{cite book |author=Gérard Walter |title=Repertorio del historia del Revolution francese, obras publicate de 1800 a 1940 |volume=II |chapter=Loco |location=Paris |year=1941b-1945}} === Aspectos historiographic === {{AP|Historiographia del Revolution francese}} * {{cite book |first=Olivier |last=Bétourné |first2=Aglaia I. |last2=Hartig |title=Pensar le historia del Revolution |subtitle=duo seculos de passion francese |location=Paris |publisher=La Découverte |series=Armillaire |volume=18 |year=1989 |pages=238 |isbn=2-7071-1839-7}} * {{cite book |author=Michel Biard |editor1=Michel Biard |others=Prefacio de Michel Vovelle |title=Le Revolution francese |subtitle=un historia sempre vive |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Tallandier |year=2009 |pages=446 |isbn=978-2-84734-638-1 |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-dix-huitieme-siecle-2011-1-page-725.htm#pa283}} * {{cite book |author=Antonino De Francesco |title=Le guerra de duo centos annos |subtitle=un historia del historias del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Perrin |year=2018 |pages=442 |isbn=978-2-262-03701-7 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/lrf/2912}} * {{cite book |author=François Furet |title=Pensar le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Gallimard |series=Bibliotheca del historias |volume=32 |year=1978 |pages=259 |isbn=2-07-029381-5 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfsp_0035-2950_1979_num_29_4_418652_t1_0895_0000_000}} * {{cite book |author=François Furet |author2=Mona Ozouf |title=Diccionario critic del Revolution francese |volume=5 |chapter=Interpretes e historicos |location=Paris |publisher=Flammarion |series=Champs |year=2007 |pages=285 |isbn=978-2-08-120480-5}} * {{cite book |first=Alice |last=Gérard |title=Le Revolution francese, mythos e interpretationes (1789-1970) |location=Paris |publisher=Flammarion |series=Questiones de historia |volume=21 |year=1970 |pages=142 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/ahrf_0003-4436_1971_num_206_1_4134_t1_0625_0000_2}} * {{cite book |author=Jacques Godechot |title=Un Jury pro le Revolution |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Robert Laffont |series=Scientia nove |year=1974 |pages=379 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k18354v/f239.image}} * {{cite book |author=Jean-Clément Martin |title=Revolution e contra-revolution in Francia, 1789-1989 |subtitle=le mecanismos del historia |location=Rennes |publisher=Presses universitaires de Rennes |year=1996b |pages=226 |isbn=2-86847-209-5 |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/abpo_0399-0826_1998_num_105_1_3976_t1_0127_0000_2}} * {{cite book |editor=Jean-Clément Martin |title=Le Revolution al obra |subtitle=perspectivas actual in le historia del Revolution francese |location=Rennes |publisher=Presses universitaires de Rennes |year=2005 |pages=384 |isbn=2-7535-0055-X |url=https://ahrf.revues.org/7993}} * {{cite book |author=Jean-Clément Martin |title=Violentias e Revolution |subtitle=essay super le nascentia de un mito national |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |series=Le universo historic |year=2006 |pages=338 |isbn=2-02-043842-9 |url=http://www.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-moderne-et-contemporaine-2010-1-page-247.htm}} * {{cite book |author=Albert Soboul |title=Comprender le Revolution |subtitle=problemas politic del Revolution francese, 1789-1797 |location=Paris |publisher=Maspero |series=Textos al appoio |year=1981 |pages=380 |isbn=2-7071-1209-7 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/roman_0048-8593_1981_num_11_33_4513}} * {{cite book |author=Jacques Solé |title=Le revolution in questiones |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |series=Points. Historia |volume=98 |year=1988 |pages=413 |isbn=2-02-009827-X |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rfsoc_0035-2969_1989_num_30_3_2650}} === Per themas === ==== Feminas e Revolution ==== * {{cite book |editor-first=Marie-France |editor-last=Brive |title=Le Feminas e le Revolution francese |volume=1 |chapter=Modos de action e de expression, nove derectos, nove deberes : actos del colloquio international, 12-13-14 april 1989 |location=Toulouse |publisher=Presses universitaires du Mirail |year=1989 |pages=525 |isbn=2-85816-116-X}} * {{cite book |editor-first=Marie-France |editor-last=Brive |title=Le Feminas e le Revolution francese |volume=2 |chapter=Le individual e le social, apparitiones e representationes : actos del colloquio international, 12-13-14 april 1989 |location=Toulouse |publisher=Presses universitaires du Mirail |year=1990 |pages=409 |isbn=2-85816-131-3}} * {{cite book |editor-first=Marie-France |editor-last=Brive |title=Le Feminas e le Revolution francese |volume=3 |chapter=Le effecto 89 : actos del colloquio international, 12-13-14 april 1989 |location=Toulouse |publisher=Presses universitaires du Mirail |year=1991 |pages=479 |isbn=2-85816-132-1}} * {{cite book |author=Cerati Marie |title=Le Club del citatanas republican revolutionari |location=Paris |year=1966}} * {{cite book |author=Desan Suzanne |title=Le familia al judicio in Francia revolutionari |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |year=2006 |language=en}} * {{cite book |author=DiCaprio Lisa |title=Le origines del stato social: feminas, labor e le Revolution francese |location=Urbana |publisher=University of Illinois Press |year=2007 |language=en}} * {{cite book |author=Paule-Marie Duhet |title=Quadernos de quelelas del feminas in 1789 : e altere textos |location=Paris |publisher=des Femmes |year=1981}} * {{cite journal |author=Christine Fauré |editor=Christine Fauré |title=Le presa del parola public del feminas |journal=Annales historiques de la Révolution française |issue=344 |date=juin 2006}} * {{cite book |author=Fraisse Geneviève |title=Musa del ration |subtitle=democratia e exclusion del feminas in Francia |location=Paris |publisher=Gallimard |year=1995}} * {{cite book |author=Dominique Godineau |title=Citatana tricottante |subtitle=le feminas del populo a Paris durante le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Perrin |year=2004 |orig-year=1988 |pages=416 |isbn=2-262-02257-7 |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-nouvelles-questions-feministes-2005-3-page-138.htm}} * {{cite book |author=Heuer Jennifer |title=Le familia e le nation : genro e citatanitate in Francia revolutionari, 1789-1830 |location=Ithaca |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=2005 |language=en}} * {{cite book |author=Hunt Lynn |title=Le roman familial del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Albin Michel |year=1995}} * {{cite book |author=Landes Joan B. |title=Feminas e le sfera public al epocha del Revolution francese |location=Ithaca |publisher=Cornell University Press |year=1988 |language=en}} * {{cite book |author=Jean-Clément Martin |title=Le revoltate rumpite |subtitle=feminas in le Revolution francese e le Imperio |location=Paris |publisher=Armand Colin |year=2008b |pages=272 |isbn=978-2-200-34626-3 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/genrehistoire/401}} * {{cite book |author=Mazeau Guillaume |title=Le banio del historia |subtitle=Charlotte Corday e le attentato contra Marat 1793-2009 |location=Seyssel |publisher=Champ Vallon |year=2009}} * {{cite journal |author=Mazeau Guillaume |title=Pensar con le genro: perturbation in le citatanitate |journal=Le Revolution francese |issue=9 |date=2015 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/lrf/1458}} * {{cite book |editor-first=Evelyne |editor-last=Morin-Rotureau |title=1789-1799 : luctas de feminas |subtitle=Le revolutionarios exclude le citatanas |publisher=Autrement |year=2003}} * {{cite book |author=Plumauzille Clyde |title=Prostitution e revolutiones. Le feminas public in le citate republican 1789-1799 |location=Ceyzerieu |publisher=Champ Vallon |year=2016}} * {{cite book |first=Annette |last=Rosa |title=Citatanas |subtitle=Le feminas e le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Messidor |year=1988}} * {{cite book |author=Scott Joan W. |title=Le citatana paradoxal |subtitle=le feministas francese e le derectos del homine |location=Paris |publisher=Albin Michel |year=1998}} * {{cite book |first=Anne |last=Soprani |title=Le Revolution e le feminas de 1789 a 1796 |location=Paris |publisher=M.a Editions |year=1988}} * {{cite book |author=Verjus Anne |title=Le cens del familia |subtitle=le feminas e le voto, 1789-1799 |location=Paris |publisher=Belin |year=2002}} * {{cite book |author=Verjus Anne |title=Le bon marito |subtitle=un historia politic del homines e del feminas al epocha revolutionari |location=Paris |publisher=Fayard |year=2010}} ==== Le colonias ==== * {{cite book |author=Marc Belissa |title=Le Revolution francese e le colonias |publisher=La Fabrique |year=2023 |pages=320 |isbn=9782358722650}} * {{cite book |first=Yves |last=Benot |title=Le Revolution francese e le fin del colonias 1789-1794 |location=Paris |publisher=La Découverte |year=2004 |orig-year=1987}} * {{cite book |author=Aimé Césaire |title=Toussaint-Louverture |subtitle=Le Revolution francese e le problema colonial |location=Paris |year=1961}} * {{cite book |first=Laurent |last=Dubois |translator=Thomas Van Ruymbeke |title=Le vengatores del Nove Mundo |subtitle=Historia del revolution haitian |publisher=Atlantide |year=2022 |orig-year=2005 |pages=515 |isbn=978-2-37125-054-3}} * {{cite book |first=Jean-Daniel |last=Piquet |title=Le emancipation del nigros in le revolution francese 1789-1795 |location=Paris |publisher=Karthala |year=2002 |pages=510 |isbn=2-84586-161-3 |url=https://www.karthala.com/accueil/1098-lemancipation-des-noirs-dans-la-revolution-francaise-1789-1795-9782845861619.html }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260906080712/https://www.karthala.com/accueil/1098-lemancipation-des-noirs-dans-la-revolution-francaise-1789-1795-9782845861619.html |date=2026-09-06 }} * {{cite book |editor1=Karine Rance |editor2=Éric Saunier |title=Race e Revolution francese |publisher=Hémisphères Éditions |year=2024 |pages=240 |isbn=978-2377011964}} * {{cite book |author=Jacques Thibau |title=Le tempore de Saint-Domingue |subtitle=Le sclavage e le Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=J.-C. Lattès |year=1989 |pages=384 |isbn=978-2709607834}} ==== Economia e sociologia ==== * {{cite book |first=Daniel |last=Guérin |title=Le lucta del classes sub le prime Republica, 1792-1797 |location=Paris |year=1946}} * {{cite book |author=François Hincker |title=Le Revolution francese e le economia |subtitle=decollo o catastrophe ? |location=Paris |publisher=Nathan |series=Circa |volume=3 |year=1989 |pages=224 |isbn=2-09-188965-2 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/dhs_0070-6760_1992_num_24_1_1892_t1_0541_0000_2}} * {{cite book |author=Jean Jaurès |editor=Madeleine Rebérioux |title=Historia socialista del Revolution francese |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Sociales |year=1968}} * {{cite book |first=Jean-Clément |last=Martin |title=Le Revolution francese, un historia sociopolitic |original-title=Le Francia in Revolution |location=Paris |year=2004 |orig-year=1990}} * {{cite book |first=Albert |last=Mathiez |title=Le vita chere e le movimento social sub le Terrore |location=Paris |publisher=Armand Colin |year=1927}} * {{cite book |author=Albert Soboul |title=Movimento popular e Governo revolutionari in le anno II (1793-1794) |location=Paris |publisher=Flammarion |year=1973}} ==== Le guerra ==== * {{cite book |author=Frank Attar |title=A le armas, citatanos ! |subtitle=nascentia e functiones del bellicismo revolutionari |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |series=Le universo historic |year=2010 |pages=394 |isbn=978-2-02-088891-2}} * {{cite book |editor-first=Monique |editor-last=Cubells |title=Le revolution francese |subtitle=le guerra e le frontiera |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du CTHS |year=2000}} ==== Le cultura ==== * {{cite book |first=François |last=Souchal |title=Le vandalismo del Revolution |location=Paris |publisher=Nouvelles Éditions latines |year=1993}} * {{cite book |first=Philippe |last=Bourdin |first2=Gérard |last2=Loubinoux |title=Le artes del scena e le Revolution francese |location=Clermont-Ferrand, Vizille |publisher=Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, Museo del Revolution francese de Vizille |year=2003}} * {{cite book |first=Alessandro |last=Di Profio |title=Le Revolution del Bouffons |subtitle=le opera italian al Theatre de Monsieur (1789-1792) |location=Paris |publisher=CNRS Éditions |year=2003}} * {{cite book |title=Le Revolution per le scriptura, le Tabulas del Revolution francese, un interprisa editorial de information (1791-1817) |location=Clermont-Ferrand, Vizille |publisher=Presses universitaires Blaise-Pascal, museo del Revolution francese de Vizille |year=2005 |pages=511 |isbn=2-7118-4928-7}} * {{cite book |editor-first=Michel |editor-last=Baridon |title=Intercambios international ideologic e cultural in le movimento del Revolution francese |location=Besançon |publisher=Presses universitaires de Franche-Comté |year=1987 |pages=283 |isbn=978-2-251-60361-2}} * {{cite journal |author=Collectif |editor-first=Josiane |editor-last=Boulad-Ayoub |title=Le spirito del Revolution |journal=Études françaises |volume=25 |issue=2-3 |pages=290 |year=1989 |url=http://revue-etudesfrancaises.umontreal.ca/volume-25-numero-2-3/}} ==== Le scientias ==== * {{cite book |first=Guy |last=Barthélémy |title=Le savantes sub le Revolution |publisher=Éditions Cénomane |year=1988 |isbn=978-2905596314}} * {{cite book |first=Nicole |last=Dhombres |title=Le savantes in Revolution. 1788-1789 |publisher=Éditions Calmann-Lévy |year=1989}} * {{cite book |first=Frédéric |last=Lenormand |title=Le savantes del Revolution |publisher=Éditions Milan |year=2006}} * {{cite book |author=Michel Nusimovici |title=Le scholas del anno III |year=2010 |url=http://www.ens-rennes.fr/servlet/com.univ.collaboratif.utils.LectureFichiergw?ID_FICHIER=1415788647886}} * {{cite journal |author=Vladimir López |title=Le systema metric, fructo del revolution francese |journal=National Geographic |date=8 septembre 2021 |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.fr/histoire/le-systeme-metrique-fruit-de-la-revolution-francaise |access-date=3 april 2022}} ==== Le altere revolutiones ==== * {{cite book |editor-first=Marcel |editor-last=Dorigny |title=Revoltas e revolutiones in Europa e al Americas (1773-1802) |subtitle=Historiographia, Bibliographia, Questiones |location=Paris |publisher=Belin |year=2004 |isbn=978-2701139746}} * {{cite book |first=Jacques |last=Godechot |title=Le Revolutiones |location=Paris |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |series=Nove Clio |year=1986 |isbn=978-2130396253 |pages=448}} * {{cite journal |editor-first=Anne |editor-last=Jollet |title=Del revoltas de Europa al tempore del Revolution francese 1773 a 1802 |journal=Quadernos de Historia, revista de historia critic |issue=94-95 |date=januario-martio 2005}} * {{cite book |editor-first=Raymonde |editor-last=Monnier |title=Revoltas e revolutiones in Europa e al Americas de 1773 a 1802 |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Ellipses |year=2004}} * {{cite book |editor-first=Jean-Pierre |editor-last=Poussou |title=Le perturbation del ordine del mundo |subtitle=Revoltas e revolutiones in Europa e al Americas al fin del seculo XVIII |location=Paris |publisher=CDU Sedes |year=2004}} ==== Altere problematicas ==== * {{cite book |author=Élie Allouche |others=Prefacio de Jean-Clément Martin |title=Le Revolution francese |publisher=CRDP Languedoc-Roussillon |series=99 questiones super… |year=2006 |pages=239 |isbn=978-2-86626-053-8}} * {{cite book |author=Robert Badinter |title=Libere e equal ; le emancipation del judeos (1789-1791) |location=Paris |publisher=Fayard |year=1989}} * {{cite book |first=Michel |last=Biard |first2=Pascal |last2=Dupuy |title=Le Revolution francese |subtitle=Dinamicas, influentias, debattos |location=Paris |year=2004}} * {{cite book |author=Michel Biard |editor=Michel Biard |others=Prefacio de Michel Vovelle |title=Le Revolution francese |subtitle=un historia sempre vive |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Tallandier |year=2009 |pages=446 |isbn=978-2-84734-638-1 |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-dix-huitieme-siecle-2011-1-page-725.htm#pa283}} * {{cite book |author=Antoine Boulant |title=Le Revolution francese. Veritates e legends |location=Paris |publisher=Perrin |year=2023 |pages=298}} * {{cite book |author=Marc Bouloiseau |title=Le Comitato de salute public |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |year=1968}} * {{cite book |author=Augustin Cochin |title=Le machina revolutionari |subtitle=Obras |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Tallandier |year=2018}} * {{cite book |first=Florence |last=Gauthier |title=Triompho e morte del derecto natural in revolution,1789-1795-1802 |location=Paris |publisher=Presses universitaires de France |series=Praticas theoric |year=1992}} * {{cite book |first=Jacques |last=Godechot |title=Le grande Nation |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Aubier-Montaigne |year=1983}} * {{cite book |first=Albert |last=Mathiez |title=Contributiones al historia religiose del Revolution francese |location=Paris |year=1907}} * {{cite book |author=Albert Mathiez |title=Le Revolution francese |subtitle=le cadita del regalitate, le Gironda e le Montania, le Terrore |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions Bartillat |year=2012 |pages=658 |isbn=978-2-84100-507-9 |access-date=5 novembre 2012}} * {{cite book |author=Michel Vovelle |title=Nove historia del Francia contemporanee |volume=1 |chapter=Le cadita del monarchia, 1787-1792 |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |year=1999 |pages=312 |isbn=2-02-037519-2 |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rhmc_0048-8003_1973_num_20_3_2261_t1_0489_0000_1 |orig-year=1972}} * {{cite book |author=Roger Dupuy |title=Nove historia del Francia contemporanee |volume=2 |chapter=Le Republica jacobin: Terrore, guerra e governo revolutionari, 1792-1794 |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |series=Points historia |year=2005 |pages=366 |isbn=2-02-039818-4 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5450575s/f139.image}} * {{cite book |author=Denis Woronoff |title=Nove historia del Francia contemporanee |volume=3 |chapter=Le Republica burgese: de Thermidor a Brumaire, 1794-1799 |location=Paris |publisher=Éditions du Seuil |year=2004 |orig-year=1972 |pages=250 |isbn=2-02-067633-8 |url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_1975_num_53_2_5506_t1_0593_0000_1}} [[Categoria:Politica]] [[Categoria:Historia de Francia]] [[Categoria:Historia de Europa]] 4pe9uwxn4x597r357ifui6rrwngn457 5 12063 699931 699786 2026-09-12T21:35:23Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Edith Södergran */ 699931 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__ Salute interlinguistas! Iste spatio es pro selectionar le '''[[Wikipedia:Articulos eminente|articulos eminente]]'''. Io propone haber un periodo mensual pro su selection. Le mechanica que io propone es simple: *Durante le periodo, le usatores propone articulos eminente, o si il ha plus de un, vota pro illo que place plus. *Al fin del periodo, on vide: ** Si il ha un unic articulo con major quantitate de votos, on lo selige como nove articulo eminente ** Si il ha plus de un articulo con major quantitate de votos, on selige illo de proposition plus vetere Io copia infra le selection del ultime articulo eminente. [[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 01:00, 1 junio 2007 (UTC) Per favor, selige le articulo con un mense de anticipation. Le articulo non deberea necessitar un grande revision. Comocunque, durante le mense previe a su publication, le articulo pote esser meliorate pro le usatores. Quando le articulo es seligite, per favor modifica le extracto del mense correspondente: * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/01|januario]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/02|februario]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/03|martio]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/04|april]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/05|maio]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/06|junio]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/07|julio]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/08|augusto]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/09|septembre]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/10|octobre]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/11|novembre]] * [[Patrono:Pagina principal/articulo/12|decembre]] Iste parve texto essera monstrate in le pagina principal ab le prime die del mense. Si nulle articulo es seligite, le articulo del mesme mense del anno previe essera monstrate. Le extractos del articulos seligite es in le [[:Categoria:Paragraphos del pagina principal]]. <!-- Selection de articulos eminente --> == Junio 2007 == ''(iste paragrapho es un copia de [[Wikipedia:Taverna/2007#Nove articulo eminente]])'' Io considera que esserea bon seliger un nove articulo eminente. Que opina vos? Que altere articulo poterea esser monstrate in le [[frontispicio]]? Io ha registrate iste activitate in [[Wikipedia:Activitates pendente]], insimul a le activitate anterior. [[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] 11:45, 28 april 2007 (UTC) ::Io nondum ha legite le articulo "[[Espania]]", sed io pensa que con alicun imagines poterea esser un bon articulo eminente. --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 01:56, 1 maio 2007 (UTC) [[Espania]] sembla un bon articulo pro articulo eminente, sed illo necessita un revision linguistic. [[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 22:27, 13 maio 2007 (UTC) :Io pensa que [[Espania]] es un bon articulo. [[Usator:Santista1982|Santista1982]] 13:59, 19 maio 2007 (UTC) Io es de accordo con vos. Io ponera [[Espania]] como le [[Wikipedia:Articulos eminente|articulo eminente]] le 1 de junio. Cordialmente, [[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 16:19, 30 maio 2007 (UTC) ==Julio 2007 == Io propone [[Carl von Linné]]. --[[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 10:39, 26 junio 2007 (UTC) ::Io pensa que le structura del articulo poterea esser meliorate (Ligamines externe, per exemplo), sed iste articulo sembla bon como articulo eminente.--[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 11:22, 30 junio 2007 (UTC) :::Io jam ha facite le modificationes al structura del articulo. --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 03:25, 1 julio 2007 (UTC) ==Augusto 2007== Io propone [[Radio amateur]]. --[[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 03:22, 18 julio 2007 (UTC) :Io jam ha applicate le formato wiki a iste articulo, e alicun modificationes al structura. Io pensa que esserea un bon articulo eminente. --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 16:13, 21 julio 2007 (UTC) == Septembre 2007 == Io propone [[Geometria]]. --[[Usator:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[Discussion_Usator:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 14:05, 27 augusto 2007 (UTC) ::Multe gratias per tu election, Julian! --[[Usator:André Oliva|André Oliva]] 20:38, 18 septembre 2007 (UTC) Gratias a te pro scriber lo. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 19:36, 28 septembre 2007 (UTC) == Octobre 2007 == Io propone [[Charles Darwin]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 19:36, 28 septembre 2007 (UTC) == Novembre 2007 == Io propone [[Notation bra-ket]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 16:44, 28 octobre 2007 (UTC) == Decembre 2007 == Forsan con alicun modificationes e (alicun imagines) le articulo [[Septimana]] poterea esser un bon articulo eminente. [[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 23:53, 12 novembre 2007 (UTC) :Io es de accordo. Cordialmente, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 21:28, 15 novembre 2007 (UTC) Modificationes necessari facite. —[[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 00:11, 5 decembre 2007 (UTC) == Januario 2008 == Io propone [[Installation radioamatori]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian_Mendez|disc.]]) 14:07, 26 decembre 2007 (UTC) == Februario 2008 == Io propone [[Interlingua]]. Io nunc va poner iste articulo in le Frontispicio perque... hodie jam es 2 de februario! —[[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 17:45, 2 februario 2008 (UTC) == Martio 2008 == Io propone [[mathematica]]. Io va poner iste articulo como eminente perque hodie es 2 martio! Per favor, nos necessita plus articulos eminente!!. —[[Usator:André Oliva|André.]] 19:02, 2 martio 2008 (UTC) == Octobre 2008 == Io propone [[Apollon]] como articulo eminente. Per favor, votar pro (o contra) ille. Gratias, --[[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 23:52, 27 octobre 2008 (UTC) : '''io vota Si''' - le articulo [[Apollon]] de accordo que es un bon candidate articulo eminente -[[Special:Contributions/209.153.204.2|209.153.204.2]] 22:42, 12 novembre 2008 (UTC) : '''Io vota si''' con gratias a Architengi pro su recognoscentia. Gratias anque a Julian Mendez pro corriger mi errores linguistic. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 00:01, 14 novembre 2008 (UTC) ::Le articulo essera monstrate in febrero 2009. Cordialmente, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 22:50, 16 januario 2009 (UTC) == Martio 2009 == Io propone [[MSX]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 23:00, 16 januario 2009 (UTC) :'''Si.''' [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 06:06, 23 januario 2009 (UTC) : '''Si'''. Isto es un bon articulo. Le ligamine [[hardware]] necessita un articulo, un pecietta al minimo. Que pensa vos? -- [[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 05:31, 7 februario 2009 (UTC) ::Io crede que nulle del ligamines in le prime paragrapho debe esser rubie, e non plus que un medie (50%) de tote le ligamines in le articulo. Nos habe duo septimanas pro scriber un pauc articulos, e facer MSX un articulo ''vermente'' eminente. =) [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 00:08, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) ::: Io es etiam de accordo in reducer le ligamines rubie. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 11:38, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) == April 2009 == Io volerea traher vostre attention pro pensar super le selection del articulo eminente pro april. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 11:38, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) Io propone '''[[James Cook]]'''. Si, io sape que esse un articulo traducite, e que esse mi obra, ma etiam esse un articulo bon -- le articulos anglese, espaniol, e francese in que io basava le traduction esseva bon articulos, illustrate e con referentias. Ma proque io creava le articulo, io no votara pro lo. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 17:10, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) :Io abstine. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 19:25, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) : {{OK}} '''Si''' - [[James Cook]] es un articulo plus bon, con multe detalios. Ille eleva le standardos pro le [[wikipedia:articulos eminente]]. Le subjecto es plus interesante, e es bon de haber multe altere articulos re [[explorator]]es, [[navigator]]es e [[dicoperitor]]es. Gratias -- [[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 20:08, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) : {{OK}} '''Si''' Nos ha 20 dies pro facer correctiones subtil. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 22:37, 9 martio 2009 (UTC) ------ Io propone '''[[The Cure]]''' etiam proque esse un bon articulo (e proque io non vole votar in mi proprie obra). [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 19:25, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) :'''Si''', naturalmente... [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 19:25, 17 februario 2009 (UTC) : {{OK}} '''Si''' - [[The Cure]] es un articulo bon. De accordo. -- [[Usator:Architengi|Architengi]] 20:42, 18 februario 2009 (UTC) ------ Un nove proposito pro articulo eminente: [[Abu Nuwas]]‎ : [[Special:Contributiones/96.49.18.68|96.49.18.68]] 08:06, 26 februario 2009 (UTC) : {{OK}} '''Si''' - Gratias Almafeta pro isto articulo que io pensa es vero eminente: [[Abu Nuwas]]. ( [[Usator:Galitobero|Galitobero]] 20:05, 1 martio 2009 (UTC) ) : '''No''' -- Iste articulo esse un pecietta. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 20:16, 1 martio 2009 (UTC) :: ... ma esse ironic... io crede que [[Abu Nuwas]] esse le plus "eminente" articulo re Abu Nuwas de tote le articulos del wikipedias in linguas europanee, quasi tam bon como le articulo re il in le wikipedia arabe. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 20:57, 16 martio 2009 (UTC) ------ Un altere proposito como articulo eminente: [[Sarah Bernhardt‎]] : [[Special:Contributiones/96.49.18.68|96.49.18.68]] 08:06, 26 februario 2009 (UTC) : {{OK}} '''Si''' ( [[Usator:Galitobero|Galitobero]] 20:05, 1 martio 2009 (UTC) ) : '''No''' -- Iste articulo esse un pecietta. Su longitude se derivi de un lista de obras, non information utile. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 20:16, 1 martio 2009 (UTC) == Maio 2009 == Propositiones? --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 22:41, 9 martio 2009 (UTC) Io repropone '''[[The Cure]]'''. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 17:17, 22 martio 2009 (UTC) Io propone '''[[Esperanto]]'''. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 17:17, 22 martio 2009 (UTC) :{{si}}. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 20:36, 25 martio 2009 (UTC) == Junio 2009 == Io propone [[Normalisation linguistic]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 03:35, 27 april 2009 (UTC) *[[File:Symbol support vote.svg|18px|+]] '''Si'''. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 17:58, 19 maio 2009 (UTC) == Julio 2009 == Io propone [[The Cure]]. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 07:46, 1 junio 2009 (UTC) == Augusto 2009 == Io propone '''[[Tacito]]'''. On debe ameliorar e expander lo, ma il ha tempore. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 13:34, 25 julio 2009 (UTC) == Septembre 2009 == Io propone '''[[Jamblico]]'''. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 13:39, 25 julio 2009 (UTC) :Illo me sembla un pauc parve pro esser eminente. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 21:06, 13 augusto 2009 (UTC) == Octobre 2009 == Io propone '''[[Isaac Newton]]'''. Alcun ameliorationes essera necesse. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 17:59, 2 augusto 2009 (UTC) :'''Non''', pro iste mense - nose debe meliorar le articulo, al minus al puncto de remover le peciettas de revision e referentia, ante que il pote esser "eminente". [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 06:20, 22 septembre 2009 (UTC) Io propone '''[[SIDA]]'''. [[Usator:Almafeta|Almafeta]] 06:16, 22 septembre 2009 (UTC) ::Si QuartierLatin1968 es de accordo, nos poterea monstrar le articulo [[Isaac Newton]] in novembre, e facer le meliorationes requirite in octobre. In ille caso, nos monstrarea le articulo [[SIDA]] durante octobre. Comocunque, io faceva un revision linguistic partial de ambe articulos. --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 11:08, 27 septembre 2009 (UTC) ::Como il non ha un responsa contrari, io lo face in ille modo. Cordialmente, --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 23:06, 30 septembre 2009 (UTC) == Novembre 2009 == :[[Isaac Newton]] (proponite originalmente per QuartierLatin1968). --[[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 23:08, 30 septembre 2009 (UTC) == Decembre 2009 == Io propone [[lingua japonese]]. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 21:02, 9 novembre 2009 (UTC) == Januario 2010 == Io propone [[latino ecclesiastic]]. Iste articulo ha alcun problemas de NPOV e referentias, ma io crede que on pote ben ameliorar lo ante januario. [[Usator:QuartierLatin1968|QuartierLatin1968]] 21:02, 9 novembre 2009 (UTC) == Septembre 2011 == Io propone [[Historia de Brasil]]. --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] 16:26, 20 septembre 2011 (UTC) == Octubre 2011 == Io propone [[Erasmo de Rotterdam]] --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] 12:57, 30 octobre 2011 (UTC) == Februario 2012 == Io propone [[Linguage de programmation]] --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] 10:40, 3 januario 2012 (UTC) == Martio 2012 == Io propone [[Union Europee]]. --[[Usator:Chabi|Chabi]] ([[Discussion Usator:Chabi|discussion]]) 15:12, 17 martio 2012 (UTC) == April 2013 == Io gustarea proponer le articulo [[Movimento pedophile]]. Io non sape si isto es un bon idea a causa de lo polemic del thema, ma io ha laborate la durante multo tempore e me ha effortiate a fin que illo sia un articulo vermente eminente, neutral, ben referentiate e ben scribite. Que opina vos?--[[Usator:PeioR|PeioR]] ([[Discussion Usator:PeioR|discussion]]) 05:47, 11 april 2013 (UTC) :E io ha un dubita. Io non sape si es melio dicer "Movimento pedophile" o "Movimento pedophilic", equal quam "Partito socialistic", et cetera.--[[Usator:PeioR|PeioR]] ([[Discussion Usator:PeioR|discussion]]) 06:27, 11 april 2013 (UTC) == Augusto 2014 == Io volerea proponer [[Union Europee]]. --[[Usator:Chabi1|Chabi1]] ([[Discussion Usator:Chabi1|discussion]]) 07:05, 21 augusto 2014 (UTC) == Octobre 2014 == Io propone [[lingua interslave]] --[[Usator:Chabi1|Chabi1]] ([[Discussion Usator:Chabi1|discussion]]) 12:16, 13 octobre 2014 (UTC) == Septembre 2022 == Io volerea proponer [[Vulpe]]. [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 07:52, 1 septembre 2022 (UTC) *{{Si}} Un articulo substantial (illo contine le totalitate del [[:en:Fox|articulo original anglese]]), scribite in interlingua bon, con stilo bon. —[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 15:24, 6 octobre 2022 (UTC) *{{Si}} Cordialmente --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 15:12, 7 octobre 2022 (UTC) :{{si}} (pro decembre 2022) [[User:Julian Mendez|Julian]] ([[User talk:Julian Mendez|disc.]]) 19:21, 10 octobre 2022 (UTC) ::Ma pro quo illos non es marcate como in le altere Wikipedias? [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 19:44, 10 octobre 2022 (UTC) == Octobre 2022 == Io vole proponer [[Raphael]]. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 08:19, 14 octobre 2022 (UTC) == Articulos eminente == Io vide que il ha multe articulos eminente in le pagina principal ma illos non habe li stella pro indicar lo. Io volerea presentar [[Photographia columbari]] como articulo eminente. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 07:40, 4 april 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:42, 16 april 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Rudhar|Rudhar]] ([[Discussion Usator:Rudhar|discussion]]) 06:13, 18 april 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Resursos|Resursos]] ([[Discussion Usator:Resursos|discussion]]) 15:25, 18 april 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 09:52, 12 maio 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator:Miquel Adroer|discussion]]) 13:58, 26 Junio 2023 (UTC) Votation claudite: Articulo acceptate. == Scientia e technologia del dynastia Song == Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Scientia e technologia del dynastia Song]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 14:11, 21 maio 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Lavall%C3%A9e Martin Lavallée]) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 17:17, 2 julio 2023 (UTC) == Edgar de Wahl == Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Edgar de Wahl]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 06:39, 2 junio 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 07:39, 2 junio 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator: Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator: Miquel Adroer|discussion]]) 10:31, 2 junio 2023 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 17:18, 2 julio 2023 (UTC) == Interlingue == Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Interlingue]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] # {{Si}} --[[Usator: Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] # {{Si}} --[[Usator: Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Quenke|Quenke]] ([[Discussion Usator:Quenke|discussion]]) 17:18, 2 julio 2023 (UTC) == Januario 2024 == === Historia del physica === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Historia del physica]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 10:11, 16 januario 2024 (UTC) # {{Si}} -- Martin Lavallée # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 09:51, 17 januario 2024 (UTC) === Historia del scientia === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Historia del scientia]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 08:37, 17 januario 2024 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Miquel Adroer|Miquel Adroer]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 09:51, 17 januario 2024 (UTC) # {{Si}} --Martin Lavallée === Scientia in le mundo antique === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Scientia in le mundo antique]] como articulo bon. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 10:04, 17 januario 2024 (UTC) # {{Si}} --Martin Lavallée == Padmasambhava == Io pensa que le articulo [[Padmasambhava]] sia bon e deberea devenir un articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Laurbereth|Laurbereth]] ([[Discussion Usator:Laurbereth|discussion]]) 11:22, 1 augusto 2024 (UTC) == Julio 2025 == === Raphael === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Raphael]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Jon Gua|Jon Gua]] ([[Discussion Usator:Jon Gua|discussion]]) 15:21, 2 julio 2025 (UTC) # {{Si} --Martin Lavallée 15:22, 2 julio 2025 (UTC) == Decembre 2025 == === Litteratura in Interlingua === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Litteratura in Interlingua]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:07, 17 decembre 2025 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 20:35, 17 decembre 2025 (UTC) # {{No}}. Io lo regretta, ma un articulo eminente informa, explica, analysa, educa, e contine prosa ben scribite e legibile. Le major parte de iste articulo es un enumeration cec de un massa de publicationes in interlingua, ma care de ver information. Illo da poc impression general del historia o stato actual del litteratura in interlingua, poco explica qual publicationes esseva importante e influente e proque, etc. In facto, le grande majoritate del articulo se lege como un simple conversion de lista in prosa, un labor que IA poterea haber facite. Le resultato pote esser impressionante, ma non eminente. – [[Usator:McDutchie|Martijn]] ([[Discussion Usator:McDutchie|discussion]]) 05:41, 27 decembre 2025 (UTC) #:E qui pote decider quales es le publicationes importante? Io non cognosce un sol publication que analysa le litteratura in Interlingua. Pro poter facer lo, illo deberea haber referentias, si non, le autor esserea scribente su opinion personal (lo que es contrari al normas del Wikipedia). Io ha facite lo que io ha potite con le ressurces disponibile. [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 11:31, 24 februario 2026 (UTC) == Februario 2026 == === Roma antique === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Roma antique]] como articulo eminente. Io ha prendite information ex le Wikipedias in anglese, francese, italian e espaniol per haber le articulo le plus complete. Io ha includite omne referentias ex tote le articulos original. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 11:26, 24 februario 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 11:27, 24 februario 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Yaridarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:Yaridarling|discussion]]) 17:31, 24 februario 2026 (UTC) == Martio 2026 == === Grecia antique === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Grecia antique]] como articulo eminente. Io ha prendite information ex le Wikipedias in anglese, francese e espaniol per haber le articulo le plus complete. Io ha includite omne referentias ex tote le articulos original. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 16:21, 1 martio 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Martin Lavallée|Martin Lavallée]] ([[Discussion Usator:Martin Lavallée|discussion]]) 16:21, 1 martio 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Yaridarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:Yaridarling|discussion]]) 17:29, 2 martio 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} Le articulo es multo grande, interessante, relativemente ben scribite. Io comenciava corriger errores. I secunda ;) [[Usator:Tim Ocean|Tim Ocean]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tim Ocean|discussion]]) 18:32, 2 martio 2026 (UTC) === Egypto antique === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Egypto antique]] como articulo eminente. Io ha prendite information ex le Wikipedias in anglese, francese e espaniol per haber le articulo le plus complete. Io ha includite omne referentias ex tote le articulos original. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Discussion Usator:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:27, 3 martio 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} - Io secunda isto! [[Usator:Tim Ocean|Tim Ocean]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tim Ocean|discussion]]) 21:40, 4 martio 2026 (UTC) == Augusto 2026 == === Michel Foucault === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Michel Foucault]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 17:59, 19 augusto 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:YariDarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:YariDarling|discussion]]) 1:10, 23 augusto 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 05:31, 28 augusto 2026 (UTC) === Castello de Ahrensburg === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 12:54, 22 augusto 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:YariDarling|Andrea Moreau]] ([[Discussion Usator:YariDarling|discussion]]) 1:10, 23 augusto 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 05:31, 28 augusto 2026 (UTC) === Johann Wolfgang von Goethe === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 10:18, 25 augusto 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Tortoise0308|Tortoise0308]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tortoise0308|discussion]]) 05:31, 28 augusto 2026 (UTC) == Septembre 2026 == === Immanuel Kant === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Immanuel Kant]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 04:49, 3 septembre 2026 (UTC) # {{Si}} -- Le articulo es multo grande, importante, satis ben scribite. Io regratia pro le labor e secunda le requesta :) [[Usator:Tim Ocean|Tim Ocean]] ([[Discussion Usator:Tim Ocean|discussion]]) 19:52, 9 septembre 2026 (UTC) === Edith Södergran === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Edith Södergran]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 04:51, 3 septembre 2026 (UTC) === Revolution francese === Io volerea proponer le articulo [[Revolution francese]] como articulo eminente. # {{Si}} --[[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 21:35, 12 septembre 2026 (UTC) 6i3igdgggtgaqb5f7kddf8nc5uhau7b 0 13119 699958 683366 2026-09-13T07:50:01Z Interlingvisto 60932 699958 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Ceuta'''{{linfo}} es un citate autonome espaniol situate in le costa nord de Africa, in le peninsula de Tingitana, juxta le stricto de Gibraltar. Illo es baniate per le mar Mediterraneo e limita per terra con Marocco. Con un superficie de circa 20 km², illo es un del territorios le plus parve de Espania, sed illo possede un elevate densitate de population. Su position inter Europa e Africa e inter le Mediterraneo e le Atlantico le ha conferite un importantia strategic exceptional in le curso del historia. == Geographia e societate == Le territorio de Ceuta es formate principalmente per le isthmo que connecte le citate con le continente african e per le peninsula de Almina, ubi se trova le monte Hacho. Le reducite superficie, le relievo accidentate e le scarsitate de recursos natural ha limitate traditionalmente le disveloppamento de activitates agricole e industrial. Le porto, tamen, constitue un del principal elementos economic e strategic del citate, debite a su position juxta un del rutas maritime le plus importante del Mediterraneo. Ceuta presenta un population cultural- e religiosemente diverse. Convive principalmente communitates christian e musulman, conjunctemente con communitates judee e hindu, lo que ha contribuite a formar un identitate urban marcate per le interaction inter traditiones europee e nord-african. Le espaniol es le lingua official, ben que le arabe maroccan ha tamben un presentia importante in le vita quotidian. == Historia == === Antiquitate e Etate Media === Le prime indicios de presentia human in Ceuta remonta al prehistoria. Durante le Antiquitate, illo esseva occupate per phenicios e posteriormente per altere populos mediterranee. Carthago incorporava le citate a su dominios e, post le guerras punic, illo passava per differente poteres nord-african usque a remaner integrate in le Imperio roman como parte del provincia de Mauritania Tingitana. Post le cadita de Roma, illo esseva occupate successivemente per vandalos, byzantinos e visigothos. Al initio del seculo VIII, Ceuta remaneva vinculate al expansion musulman in le nord de Africa e posteriormente formava parte de differente poteres islamic, inter illos le califato de Cordoba, le almoravides, le almohades e diverse dynastias nord-african. Durante le Etate Media, illo cambiava repetitemente de guvernantes debite a su position strategic e al luctas pro le controlo del stricto de Gibraltar. Iste situation converteva le citate in un importante centro commercial e militar. === Conquesta portugese e soberanitate espaniol === In 1415, le rege portugese João I conquireva Ceuta, un evento considerate le initio del expansion ultramarin portugese. Le citate remaneva sub dominio portugese durante un bon parte del Etate Moderne. Quando Portugal se incorporava al Monarchia Hispanic in 1580, Ceuta remaneva sub le autoritate del monarchas espaniol. Nonobstante, quando Portugal recuperava su independentia in 1640, le citate decideva remaner vinculate a Espania. Le soberanitate espaniol esseva recognoscite formalmente per Portugal in le Tractato de Lisbona de 1668. Durante le seculos XVII e XVIII, Ceuta debeva affrontar diverse attaccos e obsidiones proveniente del territorio maroccan, inter illos un prolongate assedio inter 1694 e 1724. Su function principal continuava a esser militar e strategic, como enclave destinate a controlar le communicationes maritime e a defender le costa nord-african. === Ceuta contemporanee === Durante le seculos XIX e XX, le citate experimentava un progressive transformation economic e urban. Su porto acquireva major importantia e Ceuta se converteva in un puncto fundamental pro le communicationes inter Espania, Marocco e le rutas maritime international. Le citate esseva tamben strectemente vinculate al historia militar espaniol e jocava un rolo relevante durante le Guerra Civil e le posterior dictatura franquista. Post le restauration democratic, se consolidava su actual regimine politic e administrative. In 1995, Ceuta se constituteva formalmente como citate autonome, de accordo con un statuto specific. Ben que le Constitution espaniol contempla le possibilitate que Ceuta se converte in communitate autonome, su organisation actual es le de un citate autonome con institutiones proprie, inter illas le Assemblea de Ceuta e le Presidentia. In determinate ambitos administrative e judicial, illo mantene in plus vinculos institutional con Andalusia. == Economia e communicationes == Le economia de Ceuta es dominate per le servicios, le commercio, le administration public, le porto e le activitates ligate a su condition de enclave frontieric. Ceuta possede le regimine de porto franc e beneficia de determinate avantages fiscal destinate a favorir le activitate commercial. Le scarsitate de terreno e recursos limita le industria e le construction, dum le pisca conserva certe importantia intra le sector primari. Le frontiera terrestre con Marocco constitue un elemento fundamental del vita economic e social de Ceuta. Al mesme tempore, le connexiones maritime con le peninsula iberic permitte mantener un stricte relation con Espania. Iste combination de frontiera, porto e position geographic explica un bon parte del singularitate economic e strategic del citate. == Patrimonio e cultura == Le patrimonio historic de Ceuta reflecte le succession de civilisationes que ha occupate le territorio. Inter su principal monumentos se distingue le Murallas Regal, le fortificationes del peninsula de Almina, le monte Hacho, le cathedral del Assumption e diverse constructiones de origine islamic e medieval. Le architectura militar constitue un del characteristicas le plus destacate del paisage urban. Le cultura de Ceuta se caracteriza per le coexistentia de traditiones espaniol, nord-african, musulman, christian, judee e hindu. Le celebrationes religiose e civil, le gastronomia e le manifestationes cultural de su differente communitates forma parte de un identitate local specialmente vinculate a su condition de citate frontieric. Per su historia e ubication, Ceuta constitue un del exemplos le plus singular de interaction inter Europa e Africa intra le territorio espaniol. == Ligamines externe == {{es}} [http://www.ciceuta.es Citate de Ceuta] {{refer}} {{Pecietta | geographia}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Citates in Espania]] icmivkazsw7kef0d3pyiayidcwdzvqe 699959 699958 2026-09-13T07:54:23Z Interlingvisto 60932 699959 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Ceuta'''{{linfo}} es un citate autonome [[Espania|espaniol]] situate in le costa [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], in le peninsula de Tingitana, juxta le [[stricto de Gibraltar]]. Illo es baniate per le [[mar Mediterranee]] e limita per terra con [[Marocco]]. Con un superficie de circa 20 km², illo es un del territorios le plus parve de Espania, sed illo possede un elevate densitate de population. Su position inter [[Europa]] e [[Africa]] e inter le Mediterraneo e le Atlantico le ha conferite un importantia strategic exceptional in le curso del historia. == Geographia e societate == Le territorio de Ceuta es formate principalmente per le [[isthmo]] que connecte le citate con le continente african e per le peninsula de Almina, ubi se trova le monte Hacho. Le reducite superficie, le relievo accidentate e le scarsitate de recursos natural ha limitate traditionalmente le disveloppamento de activitates agricole e industrial. Le porto, tamen, constitue un del principal elementos economic e strategic del citate, debite a su position juxta un del rutas maritime le plus importante del Mediterraneo. Ceuta presenta un population cultural- e religiosemente diverse. Convive principalmente communitates [[Christiano|christian]] e [[musulman]], conjunctemente con communitates [[Judeo|judee]] e [[Hinduismo|hindu]], lo que ha contribuite a formar un identitate urban marcate per le interaction inter traditiones europee e nord-african. Le [[espaniol]] es le lingua official, ben que le arabe maroccan ha tamben un presentia importante in le vita quotidian. == Historia == === Antiquitate e Medievo === Le prime indicios de presentia human in Ceuta remonta al prehistoria. Durante le [[Antiquitate]], illo esseva occupate per phenicios e posteriormente per altere populos mediterranee. [[Carthago]] incorporava le citate a su dominios e, post le guerras punic, illo passava per differente poteres nord-african usque a remaner integrate in le [[Imperio Roman]] como parte del provincia de Mauritania Tingitana. Post le [[Cadita del Imperio Roman de Occidente|cadita de Roma]], illo esseva occupate successivemente per vandalos, byzantinos e visigothos. Al initio del seculo VIII, Ceuta remaneva vinculate al expansion musulman in le nord de Africa e posteriormente formava parte de differente poteres islamic, inter illos le califato de Cordoba, le almoravides, le almohades e diverse dynastias nord-african. Durante le [[Medievo]], illo cambiava repetitemente de guvernantes debite a su position strategic e al luctas pro le controlo del stricto de Gibraltar. Iste situation converteva le citate in un importante centro commercial e militar. === Conquesta portugese e soberanitate espaniol === In 1415, le rege portugese João I conquireva Ceuta, un evento considerate le initio del expansion ultramarin portugese. Le citate remaneva sub dominio portugese durante un bon parte del Etate Moderne. Quando [[Portugal]] se incorporava al Monarchia Hispanic in 1580, Ceuta remaneva sub le autoritate del monarchas espaniol. Nonobstante, quando Portugal recuperava su independentia in 1640, le citate decideva remaner vinculate a Espania. Le soberanitate espaniol esseva recognoscite formalmente per Portugal in le Tractato de Lisbona de 1668. Durante le seculos XVII e XVIII, Ceuta debeva affrontar diverse attaccos e obsidiones proveniente del territorio maroccan, inter illos un prolongate assedio inter 1694 e 1724. Su function principal continuava a esser militar e strategic, como enclave destinate a controlar le communicationes maritime e a defender le costa nord-african. === Ceuta contemporanee === Durante le seculos XIX e XX, le citate experimentava un progressive transformation economic e urban. Su porto acquireva major importantia e Ceuta se converteva in un puncto fundamental pro le communicationes inter Espania, Marocco e le rutas maritime international. Le citate esseva tamben strectemente vinculate al historia militar espaniol e jocava un rolo relevante durante le [[Guerra civil espaniol|Guerra Civil]] e le posterior franquismo. Post le restauration democratic, se consolidava su actual regimine politic e administrative. In 1995, Ceuta se constituteva formalmente como citate autonome, de accordo con un statuto specific. Ben que le Constitution espaniol contempla le possibilitate que Ceuta se converte in communitate autonome, su organisation actual es le de un citate autonome con institutiones proprie, inter illas le Assemblea de Ceuta e le Presidentia. In determinate ambitos administrative e judicial, illo mantene in plus vinculos institutional con [[Andalusia]]. == Economia e communicationes == Le economia de Ceuta es dominate per le servicios, le commercio, le administration public, le porto e le activitates ligate a su condition de enclave frontieric. Ceuta possede le regimine de porto franc e beneficia de determinate avantages fiscal destinate a favorir le activitate commercial. Le scarsitate de terreno e recursos limita le [[industria]] e le construction, dum le pisca conserva certe importantia intra le sector primari. Le frontiera terrestre con Marocco constitue un elemento fundamental del vita economic e social de Ceuta. Al mesme tempore, le connexiones maritime con le [[Peninsula Iberic]] permitte mantener un stricte relation con Espania. Iste combination de frontiera, porto e position geographic explica un bon parte del singularitate economic e strategic del citate. == Patrimonio e cultura == Le patrimonio historic de Ceuta reflecte le succession de civilisationes que ha occupate le territorio. Inter su principal monumentos se distingue le Murallas Regal, le fortificationes del peninsula de Almina, le monte Hacho, le cathedral del Assumption e diverse constructiones de origine islamic e medieval. Le architectura militar constitue un del characteristicas le plus destacate del paisage urban. Le cultura de Ceuta se characterisa per le coexistentia de traditiones espaniol, nord-african, musulman, christian, judee e hindu. Le celebrationes religiose e civil, le gastronomia e le manifestationes cultural de su differente communitates forma parte de un identitate local specialmente vinculate a su condition de citate frontieric. Per su historia e ubication, Ceuta constitue un del exemplos le plus singular de interaction inter Europa e Africa intra le territorio espaniol. == Ligamines externe == {{es}} [http://www.ciceuta.es Citate de Ceuta] {{refer}} {{Pecietta | geographia}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Citates in Espania]] hwq8qvm4ph79f4pll8ajpqbgy6zb113 699960 699959 2026-09-13T07:54:41Z Interlingvisto 60932 699960 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Ceuta'''{{linfo}} es un citate autonome [[Espania|espaniol]] situate in le costa [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], in le peninsula de Tingitana, juxta le [[stricto de Gibraltar]]. Illo es baniate per le [[mar Mediterranee]] e limita per terra con [[Marocco]]. Con un superficie de circa 20 km², illo es un del territorios le plus parve de Espania, sed illo possede un elevate densitate de population. Su position inter [[Europa]] e [[Africa]] e inter le Mediterraneo e le Atlantico le ha conferite un importantia strategic exceptional in le curso del historia. == Geographia e societate == Le territorio de Ceuta es formate principalmente per le [[isthmo]] que connecte le citate con le continente african e per le peninsula de Almina, ubi se trova le monte Hacho. Le reducite superficie, le relievo accidentate e le scarsitate de recursos natural ha limitate traditionalmente le disveloppamento de activitates agricole e industrial. Le porto, tamen, constitue un del principal elementos economic e strategic del citate, debite a su position juxta un del rutas maritime le plus importante del Mediterraneo. Ceuta presenta un population cultural- e religiosemente diverse. Convive principalmente communitates [[Christiano|christian]] e [[musulman]], conjunctemente con communitates [[Judeo|judee]] e [[Hinduismo|hindu]], lo que ha contribuite a formar un identitate urban marcate per le interaction inter traditiones europee e nord-african. Le [[espaniol]] es le lingua official, ben que le arabe maroccan ha tamben un presentia importante in le vita quotidian. == Historia == === Antiquitate e Medievo === Le prime indicios de presentia human in Ceuta remonta al prehistoria. Durante le [[Antiquitate]], illo esseva occupate per phenicios e posteriormente per altere populos mediterranee. [[Carthago]] incorporava le citate a su dominios e, post le guerras punic, illo passava per differente poteres nord-african usque a remaner integrate in le [[Imperio Roman]] como parte del provincia de Mauritania Tingitana. Post le [[Cadita del Imperio Roman de Occidente|cadita de Roma]], illo esseva occupate successivemente per vandalos, byzantinos e visigothos. Al initio del seculo VIII, Ceuta remaneva vinculate al expansion musulman in le nord de Africa e posteriormente formava parte de differente poteres islamic, inter illos le califato de Cordoba, le almoravides, le almohades e diverse dynastias nord-african. Durante le [[Medievo]], illo cambiava repetitemente de guvernantes debite a su position strategic e al luctas pro le controlo del stricto de Gibraltar. Iste situation converteva le citate in un importante centro commercial e militar. === Conquesta portugese e soberanitate espaniol === In 1415, le rege portugese João I conquireva Ceuta, un evento considerate le initio del expansion ultramarin portugese. Le citate remaneva sub dominio portugese durante un bon parte del Etate Moderne. Quando [[Portugal]] se incorporava al Monarchia Hispanic in 1580, Ceuta remaneva sub le autoritate del monarchas espaniol. Nonobstante, quando Portugal recuperava su independentia in 1640, le citate decideva remaner vinculate a Espania. Le soberanitate espaniol esseva recognoscite formalmente per Portugal in le Tractato de Lisbona de 1668. Durante le seculos XVII e XVIII, Ceuta debeva affrontar diverse attaccos e obsidiones proveniente del territorio maroccan, inter illos un prolongate assedio inter 1694 e 1724. Su function principal continuava a esser militar e strategic, como enclave destinate a controlar le communicationes maritime e a defender le costa nord-african. === Ceuta contemporanee === Durante le seculos XIX e XX, le citate experimentava un progressive transformation economic e urban. Su porto acquireva major importantia e Ceuta se converteva in un puncto fundamental pro le communicationes inter Espania, Marocco e le rutas maritime international. Le citate esseva tamben strectemente vinculate al historia militar espaniol e jocava un rolo relevante durante le [[Guerra civil espaniol|Guerra Civil]] e le posterior franquismo. Post le restauration democratic, se consolidava su actual regimine politic e administrative. In 1995, Ceuta se constituteva formalmente como citate autonome, de accordo con un statuto specific. Ben que le Constitution espaniol contempla le possibilitate que Ceuta se converte in communitate autonome, su organisation actual es le de un citate autonome con institutiones proprie, inter illas le Assemblea de Ceuta e le Presidentia. In determinate ambitos administrative e judicial, illo mantene in plus vinculos institutional con [[Andalusia]]. == Economia e communicationes == Le economia de Ceuta es dominate per le servicios, le commercio, le administration public, le porto e le activitates ligate a su condition de enclave frontieric. Ceuta possede le regimine de porto franc e beneficia de determinate avantages fiscal destinate a favorir le activitate commercial. Le scarsitate de terreno e recursos limita le [[industria]] e le construction, dum le pisca conserva certe importantia intra le sector primari. Le frontiera terrestre con Marocco constitue un elemento fundamental del vita economic e social de Ceuta. Al mesme tempore, le connexiones maritime con le [[Peninsula Iberic]] permitte mantener un stricte relation con Espania. Iste combination de frontiera, porto e position geographic explica un bon parte del singularitate economic e strategic del citate. == Patrimonio e cultura == Le patrimonio historic de Ceuta reflecte le succession de civilisationes que ha occupate le territorio. Inter su principal monumentos se distingue le Murallas Regal, le fortificationes del peninsula de Almina, le monte Hacho, le cathedral del Assumption e diverse constructiones de origine islamic e medieval. Le architectura militar constitue un del characteristicas le plus destacate del paisage urban. Le cultura de Ceuta se characterisa per le coexistentia de traditiones espaniol, nord-african, musulman, christian, judee e hindu. Le celebrationes religiose e civil, le gastronomia e le manifestationes cultural de su differente communitates forma parte de un identitate local specialmente vinculate a su condition de citate frontieric. Per su historia e ubication, Ceuta constitue un del exemplos le plus singular de interaction inter Europa e Africa intra le territorio espaniol. == Ligamines externe == {{es}} [http://www.ciceuta.es Citate de Ceuta] {{refer}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Citates in Espania]] fruauve1gn3mi4ib6mblbv1ud5bnjm5 0 15104 699946 684578 2026-09-13T00:56:32Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699946 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''DVD''' (cognoscite como "'''Disco Video Digital'''") es un [[disco optic]] de formato de medios. Su usos principal es le [[video]] e le [[dato]]. Multe DVDs es del dimensiones equal al [[Disco compacte|discos compacte]] ([[CD]]s) sed pote immagazinar 4.7 gigabytes o 8.5 gigabytes comparate a 800 megabytes (le capacitate del CD). Variationes del nomine ''DVD'' describe le modo como le [[dato]] es immagazinate super le discos: le DVD-ROM ha [[dato|datos]] qui pote leger se sed non pote scriber se, [[DVD-R]] e [[DVD+R]] permitte de scriber le [[dato|datos]] un vice. [[DVD-RW]], [[DVD+RW]] e [[DVD-RAM]] permitte de registrar le [[dato|datos]] multe vices. Le longitude de unda usate per le laser standard del DVD es 650 nm<ref>{{cite web|url=http://articles.techrepublic.com.com/5100-6349-1047035.html|title=Build Your Skills: A comparison between DVD and CD-ROM|archiveurl=https://archive.ph/20120711234421/http://www.techrepublic.com/article/build-your-skills-a-comparison-between-dvd-and-cd-rom/1047035|archivedate=2012-07-11|accessdate=2008-11-10}}</ref>, e le unda ha un color [[rubie]]. == Historia == In 1993, duo formatos de [[discos optic]] ha disveloppate; un esseva le MultiMedia Compacte Disco de [[Philips]] e [[Sony]], e le altere esseva le Super Densitate Disco, de [[Toshiba]], [[Time Warner]], [[Matsushita Electric]], [[Hitachi, Ltd.|Hitachi]], [[Mitsubishi Electric]], [[Pioneer Corporation|Pioneer]], [[Thomson SA|Thomson]], e [[JVC]]. Un gruppo de expertos in [[computator]] nominate le Gruppo Technical de Laboro (qui ha includite representantes de [[Microsoft]], [[Sun Microsystems|Sun]], [[Dell]], e multe alteres) ha votate a boycotar le duo formatos pro determinar illos a converger in un standard commun qui es nascite con le nomine '''DVD'''.<ref>{{cite web |title=E-commerce and Video Distribution:DVD and Blu-ray |url=http://ecommerceandvideodistributiondvd.blogspot.com/}}</ref><ref name="uni_PR">{{cite press release |title=DVD Format Unification |publisher=Toshiba |date=December 8, 1995 |url=http://www.toshiba.co.jp/about/press/1995_12/pr0802.htm |accessdate=2007-07-12 }}</ref> == Capacitate de DVD == {| class="wikitable" |+ Capacitate e nomine<ref>{{Cite web |title=Physical parameters |url=http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/DVD/Book_A/Specs.html |accessdate=2008-11-10 |archivedate=2012-02-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219232931/http://www.mpeg.org/MPEG/DVD/Book_A/Specs.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=DVD in Detail |url=http://www.cinram.com/dvd/tech/dvdindetail.pdf |accessdate=2003-12-02 |archivedate=2003-12-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20031202171801/http://www.cinram.com/dvd/tech/dvdindetail.pdf }}</ref> !colspan="2" rowspan="2"| Designation !rowspan="2"| Partes !!rowspan="2"| Layers<br />(total) !! Diametro !!colspan="2"| Capacitate |- ! (cm) !! ([[Gigabyte|GB]]) !!align=right| ([[Gibibyte|GiB]]) |- | DVD-1<ref>[http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html#3.3 Dvd Faq<!--Bot-generated title-->]</ref> || title="single-sided, single-layer" | SS SL | align="right" | 1 || align="right" | 1 || align="right" | 8 || align="right" | 1.46 || align="right" | 1.36 |- | DVD-2 ||title="single-sided, double-layer"| SS DL | align="right" | 1 || align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 8 || align="right" | 2.66 || align="right" | 2.47 |- | DVD-3 ||title="double-sided, single-layer"| DS SL | align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 8 || align="right" | 2.92 || align="right" | 2.72 <!--|- | DVD-4? ||title="double-sided, double- and single-layer"| DS DL/SL | align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 3 || align="right" | 8 || align="right" | 4.12 || align="right" | 3.84--><!-- calculated, doubtful such discs ever existed --> |- | DVD-4<!--6?--> ||title="double-sided, double-layer"| DS DL | align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 4 || align="right" | 8 || align="right" | 5.32 || align="right" | 4.95 |- | DVD-5 ||title="single-sided, single-layer"| SS SL | align="right" | 1 || align="right" | 1 || align="right" | 12 || align="right" | 4.70 || align="right" | 4.37 |- | DVD-9 ||title="single-sided, double-layer"| SS DL | align="right" | 1 || align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 12 || align="right" | 8.54 || align="right" | 7.95 |- | DVD-10 ||title="double-sided, single-layer"| DS SL | align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 12 || align="right" | 9.40 || align="right" | 8.74 |- | DVD-14<ref>{{cite web|title=DVD-14|publisher=AfterDawn Ltd.|url=http://www.afterdawn.com/glossary/terms/dvd-14.cfm|accessdate=2007-02-06}}<!--there should be a better source--></ref> ||title="double-sided, double- and single-layer"| DS DL/SL | align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 3 || align="right" | 12 || align="right" | 13.24 || align="right" | 12.32 <!--calculated from data above--> |- | DVD-18 ||title="double-sided, double-layer"| DS DL | align="right" | 2 || align="right" | 4 || align="right" | 12 || align="right" | 17.08 || align="right" | 15.90 |- | DVD-R 2.0 || SS SL || 1 || 1 || 12 || 4.70 || 4.37 |- | DVD-R 2.0 || DS SL || 2 || 2 || 12 || 9.40 || 8.75 |- | DVD-RW 2.0 || SS SL|| 1 || 1 || 12 || 4.70 || 4.37 |- | DVD-RW 2.0 || DS SL|| 2 || 2 || 12 || 9.40 || 8.75 |- | DVD+R 2.0 || SS SL || 1 || 1 || 12 || 4.70 || 4.37 |- | DVD+R 2.0 || DS SL || 2 || 2 || 12 || 9.40 || 8.75 |- | DVD+RW 2.0 || SS SL || 1 || 1 || 12 || 4.70 || 4.37 |- | DVD+RW 2.0 || DS SL || 2 || 2 || 12 || 9.40 || 8.75 |- | DVD-RAM 2.0 || SS SL || 1 || 1 || 12 || 4.70 || 4.37 |- | DVD-RAM 2.0 || DS SL || 2 || 2 || 12 || 9.40 || 8.75* |- | DVD-RAM 2.0 || SS SL || 1 || 1 || 8 || 1.46 || 1.36* |- | DVD-RAM 2.0 || DS SL || 2 || 2 || 8 || 2.65 || 2.47* |- | CD-ROM || SS SL, 74 min || 1 || 1 || 12 || 0.682 || 0.635 |- | CD-ROM || SS SL, 80 min || 1 || 1 || 12 || 0.737 || 0.687 |- | CD-ROM || SS SL || 1 || 1 || 8 || 0.194 || 0.180 |- |} Un picolo differentia de formatos ‘+’ e ‘-’: {| class="wikitable" |+ Capacity differences of writable DVD formats<!--DVD-5 and DVD-9 should be listed for comparison--> ! Type || Sectors || Bytes || GB || GiB |-style="text-align:right;"| | DVD−R SL || 2,298,496 || 4,707,319,808 || 4.71 || 4.384 |-style="text-align:right;"| | DVD+R SL || 2,295,104 || 4,700,372,992 || 4.70 || 4.378 |-style="text-align:right;"| | DVD−R DL || 4,171,712 || 8,543,666,176 || 8.54 || 7.957 |-style="text-align:right;"| | DVD+R DL || 4,173,824 || 8,547,991,552 || 8.55 || 7.961 |- |} === Technology === Le DVD usa un [[laser]] con longitude de unda de 650 nm (le CD usa 780 nm e le Blu-ray Disc usa 405 nm). == Lege plus == * {{cite web |first=Hugh |last=Bennett |title=Understanding Recordable & Rewritable DVD |publisher=Optical Storage Technology Association |date=April 2004 |url=http://www.osta.org/technology/dvdqa/ |accessdate=2006-12-17 |archivedate=2012-02-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204073515/http://www.osta.org/technology/dvdqa/ }} * Labarge, Ralph. ''DVD Authoring and Production''. Gilroy, Calif.: CMP Books, 2001. {{ISBN|1-57820-082-2}}. * Taylor, Jim. ''DVD Demystified, 2nd edition''. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional, 2000. {{ISBN|0-07-135026-8}}. == Ligamines externe == * [http://www.dvdcca.org/ DVD Copy Control Association and the Content Scramble System (CSS)] * [http://www.burnworld.com/howto/articles/intro-to-dual-layer.htm Dual Layer Explained] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421150137/http://www.burnworld.com/howto/articles/intro-to-dual-layer.htm |date=2010-04-21 }} – Informational Guide to the Dual Layer Recording Process * [http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html DVD Frequently Asked Questions (and Answers)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050401140503/http://www.research.philips.com/technologies/downloads/PWJULY04hellmig.pdf DVDs: in the fast lane] * [http://www.ce.org/Press/CEA_Pubs/929.asp History of DVD technology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081105055925/http://www.ce.org/Press/CEA_Pubs/929.asp |date=2008-11-05 }} from the [[Consumer Electronics Association]] * [http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/dvd.htm How Stuff Works - DVD] == Referentias == <references /> {{Video storage formats}} [[Categoria:Abbreviationes]] [[Categoria:Discos optic]] rgquooxdjbvax1b1o4ktwch3x5k8l77 102 32803 699975 699734 2026-09-13T10:09:43Z CommonsDelinker 346 Le file "Coat_of_arms_of_Burkina_Faso.svg" esseva reimplaciate per file "[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Burkina_Faso_(1984-2025).svg]]" in Commons, per [[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]]. Motivo donate: ''[[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criter 699975 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P298 ?iso3 } |columns=item,P474,P298,P984,P41,P94,label,P242,P300,P30,P31,description |sort=P474 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! prefixo telephonic international ! ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 ! codigo de pais per IOC ! imagine del bandiera ! imagine del scuto ! label ! position geographic ! ISO 3166-2 ! continente ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q2895|Q2895]] | | BYS | | [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1981–1991).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2895|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]'' | [[File:Byelorussian SSR in the Soviet Union.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5689|Q5689]] | | ALA | | [[File:Flag of Åland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Åland.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5689|Åland]]'' | [[File:Ahvenanmaa sijainti Suomi.svg|center|48px]] | FI-01 | | ''[[:d:Q193512|region of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15180|Q15180]] | | SUN | URS | [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1922–1923).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1923–1936).svg|center|48px]] | [[Union Sovietic]] | [[File:Soviet Union on the globe (Soviet Union centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<br/>[[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16645|Q16645]] | | UMI | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insulas minor peripheric del Statos Unite]] | [[File:United States Minor Outlying Island in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-UM | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q23408|Q23408]] | | BVT | | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Bouvet]] | [[File:PAT - Bouvet.gif|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25227|Q25227]] | | ANT<ref name="ref_bf25a9001b8462c071bbee32380ffaa44c643c8b3b5593348fbfcea6e912638a">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-6.pdf</ref> | AHO | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1986–2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles (1986-2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[Antillas Nederlandese]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (Caribbean special).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31063|Q31063]] | | CXR | | [[File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Natal]] | [[File:Christmas Island on globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]] | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q37024|Q37024]] | | SCG<ref name="ref_a998332fc626f8b32ec1bc2e0ca26894f577cc645a6f823d717ad80c0c92bc11">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-4.pdf</ref> | SCG | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q37024|Serbia and Montenegro]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q47863|Q47863]] | | MID | | | | ''[[:d:Q47863|Midway Atoll]]'' | [[File:Midway Atoll in United States.svg|center|48px]] | UM-71 | | ''[[:d:Q1550680|unorganized territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q83286|Q83286]] | | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yugoslavia (1963–1992).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q83286|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Yugoslavia 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129003|Q129003]] | | ATF | | [[File:Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Terres australes et antarctiques françaises.svg|center|48px]] | [[Terras Austral Francese]] | [[File:French Southern and Antarctic Lands in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-TF<ref name="ref_b358201b6f12d036d1d725230e7d6741d07c711fce3b940b1cb25462f96118c0">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR</ref> | [[Africa]]<br/>[[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129237|Q129237]] | | PCI | | [[File:Flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands seal.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q129237|Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands]]'' | [[File:TTPI-locatormap.png|center|48px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q985073|United Nations trust territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q131008|Q131008]] | | JTN | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q131008|Johnston Atoll]]'' | [[File:LocationJohnstonAtoll.png|center|48px]] | UM-67 | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>[[Atollo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139595919|reef island]]''<ref name="ref_ecbd17383f1f46dc7954797b33cfc4f55f90a08051dd0f28e2baa19799e70c36">''[[:d:Q57859044|Classifying Pacific islands]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q131198|Q131198]] | | HMD | | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Heard e Insulas de McDonald]] | [[File:Heard Island and McDonald Islands on the globe (Antarctica centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q38048753|natural cultural heritage site]]''<ref name="ref_61c66ae5b30ad6078e22b9f22c9b9b78d9794dff664cca19b7133532d8da93fd">http://data.gov.au/dataset/2016-soe-her-aus-national-heritage</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q165783|Q165783]] | | ATB | | [[File:Flag of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q165783|British Antarctic Territory]]'' | [[File:BritishAntarcticTerritory.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q189999|Q189999]] | | ATN | | [[File:Flag of Norway, state.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q189999|Queen Maud Land]]'' | [[File:Antarctica, Norway territorial claim.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q212429|Q212429]] | | FXX | | | | ''[[:d:Q212429|metropolitan France]]'' | | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q752431|Q752431]] | | NHB | | [[File:Flag of New Hebrides (1969).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Hebrides.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q752431|New Hebrides]]'' | [[File:LocationVanuatu.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q797422|Q797422]] | | HVO | VOL | [[File:Flag of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q797422|Republic of Upper Volta]]'' | [[File:LocationBurkinaFaso.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q798431|Q798431]] | | DHY | | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dahomey (1958–1964).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q798431|Republic of Dahomey]]'' | [[File:Benin in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q838261|Q838261]] | | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q838261|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q842829|Q842829]] | | SJM | | No/unknown value<br/>[[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q842829|Svalbard and Jan Mayen]]'' | [[File:Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world (W3).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1050859|Q1050859]] | | GEL | | [[File:Flag of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937–1976).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937-1979).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1050859|Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]'' | [[File:LocationGilbertandEllice.png|center|48px]] | | | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1450765|Q1450765]] | | AFI | | | | ''[[:d:Q1450765|French Territory of the Afars and the Issas]]'' | | | | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2618621|Q2618621]] | | CTE | | | | ''[[:d:Q2618621|Canton and Enderbury Islands]]'' | | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3405693|Q3405693]] | | CRQ | | [[File:Flag of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3405693|Sark]]'' | [[File:Guernsey-Sark.png|center|48px]] | | | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q64953083|car-free place]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16|Q16]] | +1 | CAN | CAN | [[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Canada]] | [[File:CAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_e171e0277f9d5d9c526b1a4c0a95293daaba9cdf6db99b96253f3b627413064a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/canada</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q30|Q30]] | +1 | USA<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | USA | [[File:Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Unite de America]] | [[File:United States - Location Map (2013) - USA - UNOCHA.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_a2c50115ba8fd8fe7aad116280f4d98d9286995c98da34321d783b05ad96c032">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/united-states</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_fb44dbd8e36ba0b1337ed6b2078b4ca9e01a621aeb978bf3115574eb73965cec">https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States</ref><ref name="ref_c1dc48b76c664759133329f1e6125b7e8b014aa98e54ea77b635f7141d81ac32">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/</ref><ref name="ref_ec56b845d70b983ce9320cbf0ed603da1d146d7a3f4277abc7d8a633a8c69bed">''[[:d:Q113012671|NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b6dead0d44acfe6a7b1c36ae1c0f2eb8a2a5fab45c851d9436c852977010ee7e">''[[:d:Q199897|Medical Subject Headings]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q778|Q778]] | +1242 | BHS | BAH | [[File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahamas]] | [[File:Bahamas in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_dc208dc74ffeb5aca1f9f7fff7711206ab88f6c284cfe4b9e0550cb30d365fd6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/the-bahamas</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q244|Q244]] | +1246 | BRB | BAR | [[File:Flag of Barbados.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Barbados (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Barbados]] | [[File:BRB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_11799d3be9df75a40f35faf1d3391efa4d32ed26b946bbca02357974f9ed5627">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/barbados</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25228|Q25228]] | +1264 | AIA | | [[File:Flag of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25228|Anguilla]]'' | [[File:Anguilla on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q781|Q781]] | +1268 | ATG | ANT | [[File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Antigua e Barbuda]] | [[File:ATG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_09f1d5ff44ff7736d3d1bae71b93da1c59b126ac12fc4617d1e90d69b88c6ddd">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/antigua-and-barbuda</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244203|monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25305|Q25305]] | +1284 | VGB | IVB | [[File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25305|British Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:British Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VG | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11703|Q11703]] | +1340 | VIR | ISV | [[File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q11703|United States Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:United States Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VI | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5785|Q5785]] | +1345 | CYM | CAY | [[File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Cayman Islands Coat of Arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5785|Cayman Islands]]'' | [[File:Cayman Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | KY | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q23635|Q23635]] | +1441 | BMU | BER | [[File:Flag of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bermuda]] | [[File:United Kingdom on the globe (Bermuda special) (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<ref name="ref_062d6a907457c2cd5018246f8dbe44927859fc0e258af56b43a0695d3e0dfd2d">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bermuda/</ref><br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q769|Q769]] | +1473 | GRD | GRN | [[File:Flag of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grenada]] | [[File:Grenada in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_3f0562f88c5f83143020992c291623aa07812993a62211117ad5a61498725aa7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/grenada</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18221|Q18221]] | +1649 | TCA | | [[File:Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q18221|Turks and Caicos Islands]]'' | [[File:Turks and Caicos Islands in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q13353|Q13353]] | +1664 | MSR | | [[File:Flag of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q13353|Montserrat]]'' | [[File:Montserrat in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>[[insula]] | |- | [[:d:Q16644|Q16644]] | +1670 | MNP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ab6934192ea8c6c60b949cb7f56be9c127a7421c2660ed39599b39c49ad0119c">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:code:3166:MP</ref> | | [[File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16644|Northern Mariana Islands]]'' | [[File:Northern Mariana Islands in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-MP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]''<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q16635|Q16635]] | +1671 | GUM | GUM | [[File:Flag of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guam]] | [[File:Guam on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-GU | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_d0f09ed15666b50e8d9a68ba9dbc619bb6d784d90a7618c64f8a2f648668f919">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gq.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16641|Q16641]] | +1684 | ASM | ASA | [[File:Flag of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16641|American Samoa]]'' | [[File:American Samoa on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-AS | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q26273|Q26273]] | +1721 | SXM | | [[File:Flag of Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Wapen van Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sint Maarten]] | [[File:Sint Maarten on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | NL-SX<br/>SX | [[America del Nord]] | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q760|Q760]] | +1758 | LCA | LCA | [[File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q760|Saint Lucia]]'' | [[File:Saint Lucia on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_fb441f96bc19e51bbad4888d2165c239dfe62ed0a81da8c4ed161778650c8b5f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/st-lucia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q784|Q784]] | +1767 | DMA | DMA | [[File:Flag of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Dominica (pais)|Dominica]] | [[File:Dominica on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_ce2ca7ee5a6aee5e4345061162899de6bc67957888919023f4aa0408e117652f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dominica</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q757|Q757]] | +1784 | VCT | VIN | [[File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Vincente e le Grenadinas]] | [[File:VCT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_e9f717b19c71c60963608cbbcd52fffbd7ee75971c650b5ac85d42c4ca5d17a4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/st-vincent-and-the-grenadines</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1183|Q1183]] | +1787<br/>+1939 | PRI | PUR | [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[Porto Rico]] | [[File:LocationPuertoRico.svg|center|48px]] | US-PR | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_dfc403209caf0578c8559357b9205638ab0e828262f336253dc24a8fdeb22bd0">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6444&context=faculty_scholarship</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7252696|Provincial deputation in Spanish America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q786|Q786]] | +1809<br/>+1829<br/>+1849 | DOM | DOM | [[File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Dominican]] | [[File:Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_2d3317b8f28cb2ab48a69a5b94320185ab9cd34a03d00ab68371545440bfbcaf">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dominican-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q754|Q754]] | +1868 | TTO | TTO | [[File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago (2025).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q754|Trinidad e Tobago]]'' | [[File:Trinidad and Tobago (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_6b24ef5766d6593f3bca14f6db720c265ecb22ed13e07a68c31c0bad40b21ebc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/trinidad-and-tobago</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q763|Q763]] | +1869 | KNA | SKN | [[File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Kitts e Nevis]] | [[File:KNA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_572a680bf2df81619d989b05b7e918f4e013ffc89fac4dcf74747630757dc0ad">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/st-kitts-and-nevis</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais insular caribe |- | [[:d:Q766|Q766]] | +1876 | JAM | JAM | [[File:Flag of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jamaica]] | [[File:Jamaica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_29e2b19937e6da0259be4f72a6eb2f505c9ce8dd4ebc4b84b148e0a76e890ec8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/jamaica</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]''<ref name="ref_7fd3330f2d80033c175da2dfd52ded267e02db5ca01cb0080f78f14d38bee1ac">''[[:d:Q87326082|МСЭ2/Ямайка]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q79|Q79]] | +20 | EGY | EGY | [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Egypto]] | [[File:EGY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ed424f60b984d0f7e4fbdf509c1407bc29f1273d084de2e07da8d3b59211bc0d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/egypt</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q958|Q958]] | +211<ref name="ref_75070a596399354e56de25935a4456671bf660c31ae1108e470be9e01babf2c6">http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/newslog/New+Country+New+Number+Country+Code+211+Officially+Assigned+To+South+Sudan.aspx</ref> | SSD | SSD | [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthSudan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_3ad676ef4ff211fdab637b8c1fbeb62388cd3b4d7539610cca0866b5ec1d6a6f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/south-sudan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1028|Q1028]] | +212 | MAR | MAR | [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Marocco]] | [[File:Morocco WS-excluded (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7fe6c7628fb1d2077eccf0ed994887b11a993b407cd4bc92a569c96b51db30b6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/morocco</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q6250|Q6250]] | +212 | ESH | | | | [[Sahara Occidental]] | [[File:Location Western Sahara AU Africa.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q262|Q262]] | +213 | DZA | ALG | [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of Algeria (bronze effect).svg|center|48px]] | [[Algeria]] | [[File:Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ee95f4536e5a883aedf388ace8d9cdb0f5ce274fd904d98594462ed3604d1235">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/algeria</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_0d68ad2342f20c5aedf1007877b78f219bf3c78c3bafc42a9ec6a9bf41b84f47">''[[:d:Q111513095|Algérie, la tierce rive en Méditerranée]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q948|Q948]] | +216<ref name="ref_5e89d1a314dd29839cdb51eedeeac8edf77cced867af145d85275b4d4f93297a">http://www.lincmad.com/world.html</ref><ref name="ref_32afd4aaf77ac08422830adc1157b155457aa0b10f5598cc364ccd262778e3dc">https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164D-2016-PDF-E.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_7973cab252e7ab99b8674d2a939c3d0347e6d9452b837eccc968be606349fc51">http://www.wtng.info/wtng-216-tn.html</ref> | TUN | TUN | [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tunisia]] | [[File:Tunisia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ac576d7796fb72c4a756c7d4ca4266554dd3db3d387207612ab0c25aa0ed1eee">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tunisia</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1016|Q1016]] | +218 | LBY | LBA | [[File:Flag of Libya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg|center|48px]] | [[Libya]] | [[File:Libya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7e38f88226d0b9ae38c754fa7562839a0ea71de798c8df4f53e4272c480dc61d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/libya</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1005|Q1005]] | +220 | GMB | GAM | [[File:Flag of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gambia]] | [[File:Gambia (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_80edda68a00697376c3eea9450e37159a7541dc0fe4aeec63b7c53b3da7dfa30">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/the-gambia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1041|Q1041]] | +221 | SEN | SEN | [[File:Flag of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Senegal]] | [[File:LocationSenegal.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_3d3b7f537cc23372add2ccb60849cb34789a8b935fd6a7f97b7b055676874a90">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/senegal</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1025|Q1025]] | +222 | MRT | MTN | [[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Seal of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritania]] | [[File:LocationMauritania.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5e70311e8908f1020e1c20e67f022310cf140c2b943ba9ff4dfc7fc7cd2fbfb7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritania</ref> | [[Republica islamic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q912|Q912]] | +223 | MLI | MLI | [[File:Flag of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mali]] | [[File:Mali (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d57e8ee5b41d783aa6987e6fc110bb141ff779fe93cdd6eef507978d1039b307">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mali</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1006|Q1006]] | +224 | GIN | GUI | [[File:Flag of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea]] | [[File:Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_b37c6657d01d288c2c6f56657182225ef8b81d696802693da55a3391c1482a0e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guinea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1008|Q1008]] | +225 | CIV | CIV | [[File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ivory Coast (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa de Ebore]] | [[File:CIV orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_407653e0871137b25d1f805a69a6c73a331e192b4b29789fbbd06bc849013d31">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cote-d-ivoire</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_ca070e9a5eb15c3dccfde88694c68f2863907488ea9e5eec31ad0622694ece24">https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/cote-d-ivoire/presentation-de-la-cote-d-ivoire/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_0dad73dd85c33cae8349a2e2ca72f0917d0ffc3785f00eede7e40d57c79381da">https://www.presidence.ci/presentation-ci/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q965|Q965]] | +226 | BFA | BUR | [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso (1984-2025).svg|center|48px]] | [[Burkina Faso]] | [[File:BFA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5964f81f18ecdaff0f7e224d8b8c637c58d73620022c3ef2b6317605d1f49963">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/burkina-faso</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1032|Q1032]] | +227 | NER | NIG | [[File:Flag of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[Niger]] | [[File:LocationNiger.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7bf28e07b81e655cb04dde3e6f298819601bdf0e3a33dfa8048ab006e00eb8a2">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/niger</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q945|Q945]] | +228 | TGO | TOG | [[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries du Togo.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_fffc7b435c279fc8e3b1f7f88e349523ca571e2226ff624cc2995bee274222ae">https://novissi.gouv.tg/en/home-new-en/</ref> | [[Togo]] | [[File:Togo on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_9b84245c581d4eb0c6d5286c3a008d0d2c41f9a57f4c5fe3987adaa802884588">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/togo</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q962|Q962]] | +229 | BEN | BEN | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Benin]] | [[File:Benin (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5f18767bd2d98da3806a4be03fc3e0914161790d0489a7458a73e6e4df7f3652">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/benin</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1027|Q1027]] | +230 | MUS | MRI | [[File:Flag of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritio]] | [[File:Mauritius (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_cd7c9c5c115de492113d029f3708fa8b03faa30e67fd271d607256934089be12">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritius</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_cd7c9c5c115de492113d029f3708fa8b03faa30e67fd271d607256934089be12">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritius</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1014|Q1014]] | +231 | LBR | LBR | [[File:Flag of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liberia]] | [[File:Liberia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_868cd0a7e8501049422594c75ef7c0e7c364d3647d871ef7998c0a37a4085157">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/liberia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1044|Q1044]] | +232 | SLE | SLE | [[File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sierra Leone]] | [[File:Sierra Leone (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_78eb41018084cad06dfc1204555bfb6bc9603332ae5be910a6b475bbcd95da36">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sierra-leone</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q117|Q117]] | +233 | GHA | GHA | [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ghana]] | [[File:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_764eb912fc07e35ce8a25c3b8b210b7412379c722d24082650b3de9744a90880">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ghana</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1033|Q1033]] | +234 | NGA | NGR | [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nigeria]] | [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_bf7ab02390aa28ad9c923dcdfdba88d815a2df540c887ede6da7c0db60a0dede">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/nigeria</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b8c50fa2d8e3156c148a83db2383a7989df01611ed6cdf3e2f2974120c846783">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_7c16b139c1c51716df89b9fa1b129d4c530567a8ed5b275075fd91aaa2b1a2f9">https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm</ref><ref name="ref_85f1e39a5788c1aa07c69ec708f789307f51c414537a388e555de05af05c6fc5">https://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Nigeria%20overview%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_76c1c3d9335871d3018c93daa405050159f0c30ae60630766a04d7d5a9c48396">https://www.forbes.com/places/nigeria/?sh=171606ed4b80</ref><ref name="ref_20e6f4914c5b7943b46d51c4f77d5302928b5e184ea5d6fa9bb5b6d4bc73b833">https://www.lonelyplanet.com/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_ac96336048c4cbe3228acfb72a8083a12fdf9afbfeb00ef881255ae3f37b5dd7">https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/nigeria/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q657|Q657]] | +235 | TCD | CHA | [[File:Flag of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tchad]] | [[File:TCD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_093e9b3617bf3a7edb26bce4dc4e4b1128e50c15e45160dfc6e401040f81d570">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/chad</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q929|Q929]] | +236 | CAF | CAF | [[File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Centroafrican]] | [[File:CAF orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_4b47c62a69dfeac290d5413d021f657bd6aa45f5c0c9471c4bce26618d61aa65">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/central-african-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q1009|Q1009]] | +237 | CMR | CMR | [[File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Camerun]] | [[File:CMR orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d20e0d837999104a09d98560c25da0c1abaee593df6f8d5cd402c7fc67be1237">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cameroon</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1011|Q1011]] | +238 | CPV | CPV | [[File:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg|center|48px]] | [[Capo Verde]] | [[File:CPV orthographic NaturalEarth.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_3357aaa6b6e577600ac27a0eee2a61668a2659ecdfa4ad79e4969df1cf5f6171">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cabo-verde</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1039|Q1039]] | +239 | STP | STP | [[File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[São Tomé e Príncipe]] | [[File:Sao Tome and Principe on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_94f880423f8876888de93690d580a38559b71ebab1a3afb7fda0708c1741963b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sao-tome-and-principe</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4198907|parliamentary republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q158454|biosphere reserve]]''<ref name="ref_f15cce0aaf4bcc7168adeb395beefca9131e69ae44ffbb3ed154c895c8968bd8">https://www.rfi.fr/fr/environnement/20250927-l-unesco-d%C3%A9signe-26-nouvelles-r%C3%A9serves-de-biosph%C3%A8re-dont-l-%C3%AEle-de-s%C3%A3o-tom%C3%A9-et-principe</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q983|Q983]] | +240 | GNQ | GEQ | [[File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea Equatorial]] | [[File:GNQ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_b546b878db5c1e3df6a721f9a40187e57b40547f563f650b4b5dfd3f833cfd22">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/equatorial-guinea</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1000|Q1000]] | +241 | GAB | GAB | [[File:Flag of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gabon]] | [[File:Gabon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_0999b25be8bb5308dedff7663f3b7af24eea6a5ee116b573189107227ff29588">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/gabon</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q971|Q971]] | +242 | COG | CGO | [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica del Congo]] | [[File:LocationRepublicoftheCongo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_86686282cb84d15b07d8af7a9af14e9e25c3afdbee5412730461876f2a5e11ef">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/congo</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q974|Q974]] | +243 | COD | COD | [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (black spear).svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Democratic del Congo]] | [[File:COD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ed806c47cd810026be18b273086c4a0bce497d753577b6badca4efc5741bf580">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-rep-congo</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ed806c47cd810026be18b273086c4a0bce497d753577b6badca4efc5741bf580">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-rep-congo</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q916|Q916]] | +244 | AGO | ANG | [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[Angola]] | [[File:Angola (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_43e908f02d57f4e04d4c97ead4830eee0748c5289b4804757e33bc11ce7ee885">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/angola</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1007|Q1007]] | +245 | GNB | GBS | [[File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea-Bissau]] | [[File:Guinea-Bissau on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_f6e9d3d38179dc6428bb907333e2bbe8c43f333436d77a9671070f601fd72daf">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guinea-bissau</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q43448|Q43448]] | +246 | IOT | | [[File:Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q43448|British Indian Ocean Territory]]'' | [[File:British Indian Ocean Territory on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q192184|Q192184]] | +247<br/>+27<br/>+290 | SHN | | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q192184|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]'' | [[File:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31890709|Q31890709]] | +247 | ASC | | [[File:Flag of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q31890709|Ascension]]'' | | SH-AC<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<ref name="ref_28e067ba6d443e585cc6bae200ecabedea38d4555441bfa6e50598093c75548b">''[[:d:Q1194038|Geographic Names Server]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1042|Q1042]] | +248 | SYC | SEY | [[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[Seychelles]] | [[File:SYC orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_f9f1b404f98d745554d8407c28c693b61b03004cb428c553574d86973dcb54d3">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/seychelles</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1049|Q1049]] | +249 | SDN | SUD | [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan]] | [[File:Sudan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_8754a1422e0bab03629555e9b4197b99533e6965af8742fd10369e08dd5ae6f6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sudan</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1088391|rump state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1037|Q1037]] | +250 | RWA | RWA | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ruanda]] | [[File:LocationRwanda.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_30e70b61f5d9350df30630fecb2b58752cddae729d177d4989a865fcfe3cbd8b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/rwanda</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q115|Q115]] | +251 | ETH | ETH | [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ethiopia]] | [[File:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_edc2fab86e50cec4422ea17373796e8bf33c96df1568995feb78f6aff375f401">''[[:d:Q87326639|МСЭ2/Эфиопия]]''</ref><ref name="ref_827fd2f42dc61f872c0ef41b7b34f8cfa5795fdf443c0db470cc9144b7cb32df">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ethiopia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_edc2fab86e50cec4422ea17373796e8bf33c96df1568995feb78f6aff375f401">''[[:d:Q87326639|МСЭ2/Эфиопия]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1045|Q1045]] | +252 | SOM | SOM | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Somalia]] | [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)2.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_e00d7da220a8570d8c21f3e5ecb549474fb0d3ca5dfb3b5481417e5a9a7fc2d0">https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Somalia;4169147.html</ref><ref name="ref_ab54ba9bbaed152730dfaca4b87a26581fef0a018ab9d4440ad47a7148aee172">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/somalia</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q977|Q977]] | +253 | DJI | DJI | [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Djibuti]] | [[File:Djibouti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_edb9210d1f33512c9b2e4c283bd3111f992bec0fcf02dc288f7db18596b87b0e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/djibouti</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | pais de Africa |- | [[:d:Q114|Q114]] | +254 | KEN | KEN | [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kenya (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Kenya]] | [[File:Kenya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7fe23413cfa8cc8f594b7429792f91299730e0f35a44a5ff91dc250b2d7cefa0">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kenya</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q924|Q924]] | +255 | TZA | TAN | [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tanzania]] | [[File:Tanzania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_b832e4a1abfe6aeb0fa4b3bd6518bd955b8fdd2387b7e6b9ffe61a4413bcd83a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tanzania</ref> | [[republica]]<ref name="ref_66afe8a0af55b4c72538a606d569b267b8291b8e859cb3431b45dfa5e7e740d0">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1036|Q1036]] | +256 | UGA | UGA | [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uganda]] | [[File:Uganda (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ca313d9a5c34631458f5293cc2377562c8fcabf68f6f5c3aafbbafaec8ebf5d4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uganda</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_96c78443365f47d6b9190ab9c0a9f169f7cc2ed3f7942acfef00afdbabc34b44">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/what-uganda-has-gone-through-since-1962--4787868#story</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q967|Q967]] | +257 | BDI | BDI | [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Burundi]] | [[File:Burundi (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_da83a16073ca8fd5065adcb0e7e6c916123f70236d0dd5b67ae3499ab33a4765">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/burundi</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6cac7bdde4be279b526ef08604ad918b112e3faa287696c1b915fbb81f2f4f0b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1029|Q1029]] | +258 | MOZ | MOZ | [[File:Flag of Mozambique.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Mozambique.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mozambique]] | [[File:Mozambique (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_c00027422ebc98e9b9a93e17dde4b494de50fad77bdc2d30d007e9d18b7fea61">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mozambique</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q953|Q953]] | +260 | ZMB | ZAM | [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zambia]] | [[File:Zambia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_f33f7da773f54e96f1f031902c01c743d43e8c7b4bc2097744109b40bbe5bfdb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/zambia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1019|Q1019]] | +261 | MDG | MAD | [[File:Flag of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Madagascar]] | [[File:MDG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_7f77aada61884fa2e07e488f8f9f265ddc7904291d07a68b8832730785fbc4cd">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/madagascar</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17063|Q17063]] | +262 | MYT | | [[File:Flag of Mayotte (Local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Mayotte.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q17063|Mayotte]]'' | [[File:Mayotte (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-976 | [[Africa]] | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q17070|Q17070]] | +262 | REU | | [[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Réunion.svg|center|48px]] | [[Reunion]] | [[File:Département 974 in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-974 | [[Africa]] | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q954|Q954]] | +263 | ZWE | ZIM | [[File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zimbabwe]] | [[File:Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d5722fe0537cb5a5e7c27c67a8f413daa932cd5a87b5817ece423b7e7cabc73a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/zimbabwe</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1030|Q1030]] | +264 | NAM | NAM | [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Namibia]] | [[File:LocationNamibia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_d648354f17344fc616dbc2270eafa426f710d848c89f5d67dded07dfb8f13b23">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/namibia</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1020|Q1020]] | +265 | MWI | MAW | [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malawi]] | [[File:LocationMalawi.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_ec0a43d9c70b905117bd8563e77de7f3ed50e42caddcfaf2ad01ab2205b2c573">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malawi</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1013|Q1013]] | +266 | LSO | LES | [[File:Flag of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lesotho]] | [[File:Lesotho (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_a29a68435169aae19610bac77ae706a93a8195152d416fc9764d782f0a3df451">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lesotho</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q963|Q963]] | +267 | BWA | BOT | [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Botswana]] | [[File:Botswana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_0daac7d680dd6eeb4c12f04e6a412000c70d57bdc03b315e279e490f62f63344">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/botswana</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1050|Q1050]] | +268 | SWZ | SWZ | [[File:Flag of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[Eswatini]] | [[File:Location Eswatini.png|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_5d90bc90a2a32192880fa038f13ddcc43a369ed2aa94d56c667901da8408ced1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/eswatini</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais in Africa |- | [[:d:Q970|Q970]] | +269 | COM | COM | [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[Comores]] | [[File:Comoros (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_aa0206c562d2b4f753a32b37af1bf862bec7f35e26ef7e5a40e21f1388193cdb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/comoros</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q258|Q258]] | +27 | ZAF | RSA | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|center|48px]] | [[Africa del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthAfrica.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_6dd295942ca33418478ee7e92381e7b39e612a8688e8065c0efd5f6b104b0238">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/south-africa</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q986|Q986]] | +291 | ERI | ERI | [[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg|center|48px]] | [[Eritrea]] | [[File:Eritrea (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Africa]]<ref name="ref_55c0f57c296108bdac91dac571469eab5712aa66cc56e9853a861cc3e22e1d28">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/eritrea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q21203|Q21203]] | +297 | ABW | ARU | [[File:Flag of Aruba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Aruba wapen.svg|center|48px]] | [[Aruba]] | [[File:Aruba in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-AW | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q4628|Q4628]] | +298 | FRO | FRO | [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Feroe]] | [[File:Europe-Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | pais constitutive del Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q223|Q223]] | +299 | GRL | | [[File:Flag of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Groenlandia]] | [[File:Greenland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | DK-GL | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_e1a1438fffe26481dcce7a3a041a830eca669d0de2adf0aaaaa56bd581a8ce1d">http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/nth/og/pubs/prosp/c6_ba-eng.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | Pais autonome intra le Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | +30 | GRC | GRE | [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grecia]] | [[File:Greece on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_fbcd7da80077a1bc2938b596c96446109645525fc27e4c3c5b470d37779a5e20">http://www.britannica.com/nations/Greece</ref><ref name="ref_919eb75a9d61674a213fc961a84ae3d02bc6358d230df24385ec1cfca9d01dfd">http://www.justgreece.org</ref><ref name="ref_bbccf96b5d48698decad5413c8b90dacd924a8ba54e80d8c7e2a8f52fe06c774">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html</ref><ref name="ref_c2d67b9e3a07d872ee28f66d2f0e22aa78db5c8eb2e9b18c4acd26b41f3eea1f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/greece</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_c2d67b9e3a07d872ee28f66d2f0e22aa78db5c8eb2e9b18c4acd26b41f3eea1f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/greece</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q29999|Q29999]] | +31<ref name="ref_fdf1ab678fe59093d6331cd3a6439e9bdb1149acefa85346c0263c5ac6f4e3cd">http://www.countrycallingcodes.com/country.php?country=Netherlands</ref> | NLD | | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno del Paises Basse]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (special marker).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | +32 | BEL | BEL | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belgica]] | [[File:EU-Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_595bd2d9063b0d63ab50f51fdaf3e73b9865533f726f11989b931e54cd295aa2">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/belgium</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | +33 | FRA | FRA | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_24586f4cbffe0665081df82c9c5e73f79348356487223b2dc34f514cfc958a02">https://www.europe1.fr/politique/info-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943</ref> | [[File:Arms of the French Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Francia]] | [[File:EU-France (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_a92d077c5f3818620affb2a5d7c48fa8255ac5b86d0bca5eb9961dbcf2aaf058">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/france</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_a92d077c5f3818620affb2a5d7c48fa8255ac5b86d0bca5eb9961dbcf2aaf058">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/france</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | +34 | ESP | ESP<br/>SPA<ref name="ref_441ce199c513a152aef7457e8d9baa34eaaafd6b369d45f9de3c14d47f6defc1">''[[:d:Q180672|list of IOC country codes]]''</ref> | [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de España (variant).svg|center|48px]] | [[Espania]] | [[File:Spain on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_816656db543d7f192ac0f5eedc1b0406efcaf2501630b58d76d99c4105e7ce6b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/spain</ref><ref name="ref_2142a8fd8def11ae59fe9733016dc538b1c6142a96c6a95f190270525975ed16">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=espa%C3%B1a+forma+Europa+geograf%C3%ADa&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwju7ImYhdqKAxUlRvEDHTpLCPsQ6AF6BAgJEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20forma%20Europa%20geograf%C3%ADa&f=false</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_816656db543d7f192ac0f5eedc1b0406efcaf2501630b58d76d99c4105e7ce6b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/spain</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_f6e643aeb8317c43addd1338add17398b2150b82005b8eb7fe9f4a62db4f1a20">https://www.miteco.gob.es/content/dam/miteco/es/biodiversidad/temas/espacios-protegidos/pbl_rn_region_mediterranea_tcm30-197189.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179671|nation state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1410|Q1410]] | +350 | GIB | | [[File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[File:Gibraltar location in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_3d29c82e3baa841b09d9b9b3d90dfa52de4372e39fcb0938708203ec1cab03f2">https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets</ref> | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<ref name="ref_3d29c82e3baa841b09d9b9b3d90dfa52de4372e39fcb0938708203ec1cab03f2">https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q900119|United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]''<ref name="ref_48b69b1d187d696733b5fe4c026ed451633a131e2317cfa1a73d9d01cc933ea8">http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_3d29c82e3baa841b09d9b9b3d90dfa52de4372e39fcb0938708203ec1cab03f2">https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>[[citate]]<ref name="ref_90fc85d406f4fa37137ab499b9cce2bfdb857196e9342ab74d8f58415463d6c8">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62710553</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | +351 | PRT | POR | [[File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Portugal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Portugal]] | [[File:Portugal on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_7dd3b4f770cc92367bf28c3810ee5f21e0cc00e546274fe622cc301b1595ad35">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/portugal</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_7dd3b4f770cc92367bf28c3810ee5f21e0cc00e546274fe622cc301b1595ad35">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/portugal</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | +352 | LUX | LUX | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[Luxemburg]] | [[File:EU-Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_6f6b9cbeea5b73d80fca82c231fa303dace021cea2b19f981218c30adced2e96">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/luxembourg</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | +353 | IRL | IRL | [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica de Irlanda]] | [[File:EU-Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_0226aa9a6623e7b13b638119210b88dfc56094dcf1b162eba78e05b6cfb6b67b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ei.html</ref><ref name="ref_3c60a482042fbb74b4f5bbbd1cbad0afee30c87787c812bc10f5b7a2791441f0">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ireland</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q189|Q189]] | +354 | ISL | ISL | [[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Islanda]] | [[File:Iceland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_2f30bc0710ff0e3662171c0fc9fd97ca39729aade81cead0ece7873b13f2d2a1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/iceland</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]''<ref name="ref_98d1b23b41cd51e23b3bfe865c80c37dbf722f949048af4d2eb8b52b7047cc9a">https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/504/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q222|Q222]] | +355 | ALB | ALB | [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Albania]] | [[File:Albania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_097291be158962d4fd9a39cf0bee371c5e32d0cc0583316874812456c0448b29">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/albania</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | +356 | MLT | MLT | [[File:Flag of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malta]] | [[File:EU-Malta.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_b7d4225b765f9a3f3a6ee09618f7d4756f4eeed6e4278db7bd84c056a17e386e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malta</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b7d4225b765f9a3f3a6ee09618f7d4756f4eeed6e4278db7bd84c056a17e386e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malta</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | +357 | CYP | CYP | [[File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cyprus (2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[Cypro]] | [[File:EU-Cyprus highlighted.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_1d71be780813515197a846a13da1d3e1bbdc5470c1e3a52b378998a62e8c7f47">https://books.google.com/books?id=_bF8n8DaQtoC</ref><ref name="ref_89890a7a7bc1588181d8bf35632c151e020ed8b05fc81718d88ba90b328f393d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cyprus</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | +358 | FIN | FIN | [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Finlandia]] | [[File:Finland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_b2fbbe130ed7a86b3cbf749b9ae5e393e0a863eed9fff73c9888f286f28a1c86">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/finland</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_318da0135bfb25d1f42d651688f070b4056ca932b27cf562763c8b665a912c1c">''[[:d:Q14334357|Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | +359 | BGR | BUL | [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[File:Bulgaria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_c15d54ddab3e72940b361236236fc06bc4dff3d83613ac2db29c9204711c91f4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bulgaria</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | +36 | HUN | HUN | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hungaria]] | [[File:EU-Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_953180b37fdb8af1a50baf297e99d796da7fca898ce1c64dc2b6b39273134fb7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/hungary</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_4483f66877946ec33f67c3904523e9d019870bd6fd337507938223bc808df79f">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q43|Q43]] | +36<ref name="ref_1469c45d8c5bc6b566b5bd5ef8a84d55c944ca058a1c8f2f7e8c9047f8037c2c">https://www.mistikalem.com/bilim/teknoloji/turkiyenin-uluslararasi-telefon-kodu-neden-36-iken-90-oldu-haberi-16868</ref><br/>+90<ref name="ref_1469c45d8c5bc6b566b5bd5ef8a84d55c944ca058a1c8f2f7e8c9047f8037c2c">https://www.mistikalem.com/bilim/teknoloji/turkiyenin-uluslararasi-telefon-kodu-neden-36-iken-90-oldu-haberi-16868</ref> | TUR | TUR | [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Turchia]] | [[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_9d123b803345e5f5fd93f6ed7b47471adbabd6d11e687cc8abae11a1010b52ab">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/turkey</ref><br/>[[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_9e59fb0cade2e24af05b8139af1c56c8541241a8b9a620ca0b1c15c7c4c3fc35">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q339834|regional power]]''<br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16957|Q16957]] | +37 | DDR | GDR | [[File:Flag of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State arms of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Germania Oriental]] | [[File:East Germany 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | +370 | LTU | LTU | [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lituania]] | [[File:Lithuania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_79a1fa5e385278944beec646bc8f107e57e651278d8346fc564118944b938877">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lithuania</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | +371 | LVA | LAT | [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lettonia]] | [[File:Latvia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_7479e1fb1e27d7411d1ffd3322266c5f8c8e1729f809fb7e5f9fe281e087b395">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/latvia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | republica in le nord de Europa |- | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | +372 | EST | EST | [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Estonia]] | [[File:EU-Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_89858635d1d4e1e5cf622dbd9ab76a49f5468813d004350e3380e228dd35b83d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/estonia</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_89858635d1d4e1e5cf622dbd9ab76a49f5468813d004350e3380e228dd35b83d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/estonia</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_54e342fdf5e3df1445603c89567af796e487dcfef339f4a0ae5ed1b3fe9ffe09">https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/521052015001/consolide/current</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q217|Q217]] | +373 | MDA | MDA | [[File:Flag of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[Moldavia]] | [[File:Location Moldova Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_18ec1cec48f5ad51ce97a6876b0c6db3d720e58b0ad76e42e68bf5b1836a8230">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/moldova</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q399|Q399]] | +374 | ARM | ARM | [[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Armenia]] | [[File:Armenia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_5456e2b473ba6d1537df5b7e21d19f742275ee23ad78827658777b14690b939b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/armenia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais eurasian del Caucaso Sud |- | [[:d:Q184|Q184]] | +375 | BLR | BLR | [[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belarus (2020–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Bielorussia]] | [[File:Belarus on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_d249a9563d71da3c3f5d6459610dfca1efa9663c5a5ceff9f792ef86b4a59c48">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/belarus</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q228|Q228]] | +376 | AND | AND | [[File:Flag of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[Andorra]] | [[File:Andorra on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_332debc29b1bcc8f4b944ce17dc1c2f3f0cbad9f9e18c7814e5af20bc64c5faa">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/andorra</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q235|Q235]] | +377 | MCO | MON | [[File:Flag of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Monaco (principato)|Monaco]] | [[File:Monaco on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_235dc882e6b895d848f43fc4df01ad49b7ad2acd7a54e338bd4a5c0aff6708ae">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/monaco</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[Principato]]<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q238|Q238]] | +378 | SMR | SMR | [[File:Flag of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[San Marino]] | [[File:Location San Marino Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_f0a15b91b618e1b83cee389e1150eeeda64872ac241f3a1605e645b0d76f1254">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/san-marino</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q244381|microstate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q237|Q237]] | +379<ref name="ref_bc9e3e7286431ef16ca38929df8897e9bcd1dc5065fcdd2b34861b72b58ee370">https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164D-11-2011-PDF-E.pdf</ref> | VAT | | [[File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Citate Vatican]] | [[File:Location of the Vatican City in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | [[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q98116669|religious complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19691007|institutional complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7396640|sacerdotal state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q212|Q212]] | +380 | UKR | UKR | [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_5ed3251867e0b91b05961b69a825c79af31d20592aa1b6c6c02c084f36419866">''[[:d:Q127974|flag of Ukraine]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[Ukraina]] | [[File:Ukraine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_d7f3fbf911ccc5e0cabba1efbe3a7d2fe53e36a359a9eb710109378e62030924">''[[:d:Q4041526|Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d8fc93073faf2413a7418e9dcfa2147fe213392313ac54f77016b70c806e0b7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ukraine</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6ffc63bfb6be52fa62e52df154cb155bb3608a135ef80e4f6f72beb583682da2">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html</ref><ref name="ref_7f356e30362b34841f34d2d2aa38ba88bf15d98584825e43e49f099d271bd872">http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30096/Ukraine</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<ref name="ref_26acfc01b6c3b5a18a274ccd29ed3d723b814fc3cbec9643244ef3238ffb54cf">''[[:d:Q1048515|political world map]]''</ref> | pais de Europa oriental |- | [[:d:Q403|Q403]] | +381 | SRB | SRB | [[File:Flag of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Serbia]] | [[File:Europe-Serbia (2006–2008).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_56178fb2b3ba2afb7bf8122966b7655d29662167cb1f249ac845318eb480993e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/serbia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q236|Q236]] | +382 | MNE | MNE | [[File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[Montenegro]] | [[File:LocationMontenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_2cb60dd1db08471e0e95accfd5f62ff8f6c8b16268cef03b4e69cc8e935f7a98">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/montenegro</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1246|Q1246]] | +383 | XKS | KOS | [[File:Flag of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kosovo]] | [[File:Europe-Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_aa458e28623f0fe17ade40df0205fb0b44f4aea39e935882d7bc0ce285236eb7">https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/kosovo/2013-04-24/kosovo-and-serbia-make-deal</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | +385 | HRV | CRO | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Croatia]] | [[File:EU-Croatia (orthographic projection).png|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_3672a2a82782c55b216fc45d48687811ab5a0e821a47ce40e8a5b5579b5701eb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/croatia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | +386 | SVN | SLO | [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[File:EU-Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_3a191855b72e446ee66c8c377ac37367f78b5eace54eb970b2408cdfd3731602">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/slovenia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q22909549|unitary parliamentary republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q225|Q225]] | +387 | BIH | BIH | [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_91d8dae1fb677ac9bde8fc11b256aefd8ba4f1c12509013b20d34becf66815ad">https://www.ohr.int/decision-imposing-the-law-on-the-flag-of-bih-2/?print=print</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_fe44227e43c41dc1c415654f064dd2f0737e321840ea890a854a5f4b7aafbbb6">https://www.ohr.int/decision-on-the-shape-and-design-of-the-coat-of-arms-of-bih-2/</ref> | [[Bosnia e Herzegovina]] | [[File:Bosnia and Herzegovina (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_d8d30cea60639f17b5f61e0794e2d456119e9b044d21fe6a6afc3122899e34a4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bosnia-and-herzegovina</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_b8423ba8340e8b33fb505561ed0125432eb23a2565c8790412ae86b19bd45f82">https://www.ustavnisud.ba/public/down/USTAV_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_engl.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_1265034880a3fb39e9f370775e304074872aa7a725d583ce48de56740d8b8e81">https://treaties.un.org/pages/HistoricalInfo.aspx</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q221|Q221]] | +389 | MKD | MKD | [[File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macedonia del Nord|Republica del Macedonia del Nord]] | [[File:North Macedonia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_36b85b5b3863115ec3948b3809826e138d217113d38e743f3554e586eeb08575">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/north-macedonia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | +39 | ITA | ITA | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[Italia]] | [[File:Italy on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_fe4898b5ac99c11de0a2928de4169b888882f4443640945f2f432a910b4853d6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/italy</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | Italia es un pais del sud de Europa, membro del Union Europee |- | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | +40 | ROU | ROU | [[File:Flag of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Romania]] | [[File:Romania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_3d755d4b97dd1829ec35094fc9d098713ef5e2284882ef097aad95113b338f4b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/romania</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179671|nation state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q39|Q39]] | +41 | CHE | SUI | [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_ab7fc05533a6a1045f2ce8ad338b0792ed51296f1397b7e775499d19e43c8e57">https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20091656/index.html#app1ahref0</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Switza]] | [[File:Switzerland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_dd92ac4d34f2a75f0a50a741fe8e7d2946841a2df58853aef2804394d2df61a5">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/switzerland</ref> | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | republica federal in Europa occidental |- | [[:d:Q33946|Q33946]] | +42 | CSK | TCH | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1960–1990).svg|center|48px]] | [[Checoslovachia]] | [[File:Czechoslovakia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | +420<ref name="ref_df79ecfd6cebe09b4d21d14e878829878d442d477e525f5c08223b432e633c9c">https://www.itu.int/oth/T0202.aspx?parent=T0202</ref> | CZE | CZE | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Chec]] | [[File:EU-Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_8645e6affd6454487e5530ed31ed7a90de88f9b018af1bac5423f56ba4bfad7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/czech-republic</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_8645e6affd6454487e5530ed31ed7a90de88f9b018af1bac5423f56ba4bfad7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/czech-republic</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_3e5b9bab813465412853331eda013f076fbcdd7ad1a4220fc096b9ec9c3819bf">''[[:d:Q2948382|Constitution of the Czech Republic]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | +421 | SVK | SVK | [[File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovachia]] | [[File:EU-Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_1424c4194101285151107afadf98760d8d7016023fc10c482db8b7d6ec89b87f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/slovak-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q347|Q347]] | +423 | LIE | LIE | [[File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[File:Liechtenstein on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_0d937f1eaa0a8ce3c1dbab48fbc6a3a1758a45e720a52f371696280451670afc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/liechtenstein</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | +43 | AUT | AUT | [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Austria]] | [[File:EU-Austria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_e33536185a3a577767c4df8815505e3839cdb3ac340226ff3e9f0263fb53a77a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/austria</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_e33536185a3a577767c4df8815505e3839cdb3ac340226ff3e9f0263fb53a77a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/austria</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | +44 | GBR | GBR | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_2e1423dcb8b790e2e90a3897a27b6871f1f66485f3fef42b8884658e2a229779">https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/resources/union-flag-approved-designs</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, variant 2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno Unite]] | [[File:Europe-UK.svg|center|48px]] | GB-UKM | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_dfdffa9d57b2fb35a670d3ccd0f5108d106431f778afe76ae9340c6b22d4a968">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/united-kingdom</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_07aba9f4379b9bcc0a6454827692516fc6c733e43765fde9ef8e09c53c9b2bab">https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aip/Geo3/40/38</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q785|Q785]] | +44 | JEY<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca652d7e17bcaf3c9763053fbd648993f635d0474f5bfa63eea979be1687f653">''[[:d:Q1520117|Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names]]''</ref> | | [[File:Flag of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q785|Jersey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | GB-JSY | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q9676|Q9676]] | +44<ref name="ref_b714df18ef994aabad5b33575fae9a331bb1a7dc5b689b12caafedbcadefb338">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/isle-of-man/</ref> | IMN | | [[File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insula de Man]] | [[File:Europe-Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25230|Q25230]] | +44 | GGY | | [[File:Flag of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25230|Guernsey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | +45 | DNK | DEN | [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National coat of arms of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[Danmark]] | [[File:Denmark (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_2ab2d3efd2b6883b381ce9a652bd0a5322344d6df7b3edab85734fc96927cc79">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/denmark</ref> | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | +46 | SWE | SWE | [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[Svedia]] | [[File:Sweden on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_85068a0db46453daf483b5ba47c8fa4ab52bb44c01b35806a36e5e3a58b5717f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sweden</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]] | |- | [[:d:Q20|Q20]] | +47 | NOR | NOR | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norvegia|Norvega]] | [[File:Europe-Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_fc099a57536d047473ad7df4ff76be5a912448e57d6a1fbd89f6dff87c3affb7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/norway</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_238811c00bbde06ebcef712fe55f6c4e005d6573d58ef9fc61e20136bd11c169">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html</ref> | pais in Europa |- | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | +48 | POL | POL | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Herb Polski.svg|center|48px]] | [[Polonia]] | [[File:Poland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_1141d2922ee6e0af6cb7b1552630080174d486c3a0ec7527e3f165a83465e88e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/poland</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | +49 | DEU | GER<ref name="ref_7051b4fa8b9e1fd011a3751668a1a7d17dace442ab69f795ae7cd785f21ca7e6">https://www.laenderdaten.de/kuerzel/olympia.aspx</ref><ref name="ref_14f12b58ecf7e955915f42a62d53c127443a3805dc49bc5b11cfcbf6a89c6802">''[[:d:Q28796597|Olympic.org athletes database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79e4d44474c511272c7ee74bc50614da858523aec6ef10464aea6ef133b76b29">https://www.worlddata.info/countrycodes.php</ref> | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_7b1be4b5c5406071713a14f29b675da8b4bf2fcf605c1e15c08f26ab8844ae1f">''[[:d:Q836156|Bundesgesetzblatt]]''</ref> | [[Germania]] | [[File:Germany (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_8994a5d7462aefdbea449b87b3c75500724d67a43898039a18a6f10e06f8d2ce">https://tuerkei.diplo.de/tr-de/themen/08-kids-corner/-/1602334</ref><ref name="ref_28b4a876afe5bc29aa93ea5e1d077508e10499391b0dca5ba9a493d360bd35a8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/germany</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_0e8d288976e5fc82ece1969aac468ee1b37e61ce5becb93cfcc5ed975493294e">''[[:d:Q1206379|General Treaty]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0aaaa5a7a82b0a7c136905d5fdcea358424e8a04be48b9d47cb8e8cd8be10345">https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/chronologie/Deutschlandvertrag-Wie-die-Bundesrepublik-souveraen-wurde,deutschlandvertrag100.html</ref><ref name="ref_2ebe9814d2917c7003bf83a374e6ebc357663e1b2a5ad7faa6d40ad2e07afc3d">https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/579364/034b11190e6f59ada9686600ee020f37/wd-3-119-09-pdf-data.pdf</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q9648|Q9648]] | +500 | FLK | FLK | [[File:Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Falkland Islands (relief).svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Falkland]] | [[File:Location map of the Falklands – Alternative version 4.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_203f3398d59e1eab4d90d7772b9082a662f7d5689d7d159c89ce7bc067c1b4bb">https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/south-america-human-geography/print/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | archipelago in le Atlantico meridional, e un territorio britannic de ultramar, disputate per Argentina |- | [[:d:Q35086|Q35086]] | +500 | SGS | | [[File:Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35086|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]'' | [[File:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]] | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q242|Q242]] | +501 | BLZ | BIZ | [[File:Flag of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belize]] | [[File:BLZ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_3c98eafb0d4c40878e965dfadc6441c2c87d66ccc85fd5c1f1a72495d062fb80">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/belize</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q774|Q774]] | +502 | GTM | GUA | [[File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guatemala]] | [[File:Guatemala on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_98679fcaebc52997a11177fc30555e916cfc69b530f2421ecb540aecf9db30e9">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guatemala</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171751|banana republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q792|Q792]] | +503 | SLV | ESA | [[File:Flag of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[El Salvador]] | [[File:Orthographic Map of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_70b20e416ca5a00772ef3965e3330e0d5b9bbce4968b133f3a416e50f7bda5ce">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/el-salvador</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q783|Q783]] | +504 | HND | HON | [[File:Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Honduras.svg|center|48px]] | [[Honduras]] | [[File:Honduras (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_0d1c3e1552324fe47da2fcbd9bd42258c5818c866757f0381d5aaeee643cab10">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/honduras</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q811|Q811]] | +505 | NIC | NCA | [[File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nicaragua]] | [[File:Nicaragua (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_a75c072cecb60eed6d2fdbf2f67c23b4730f13f79c6a5af8702cd2bb43554ec8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/nicaragua</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q800|Q800]] | +506 | CRI | CRC | [[File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa Rica]] | [[File:Costa Rica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_ddab406ed76bc355fe46531eaf50bcae55bbbe305380b0bc0306ebb912b36599">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/costa-rica</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ddab406ed76bc355fe46531eaf50bcae55bbbe305380b0bc0306ebb912b36599">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/costa-rica</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q804|Q804]] | +507 | PAN | PAN | [[File:Flag of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[Panama]] | [[File:PAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q34617|Q34617]] | +508 | SPM | | [[File:Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries SaintPierreetMiquelon.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34617|Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]'' | [[File:Saint Pierre and Miquelon in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-PM | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q790|Q790]] | +509 | HTI | HAI | [[File:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Haiti]] | [[File:Haiti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_905bef37a7c7392a2f0df8827fe0818ee03e71dcf51b29d39e3ca3f7d65c6bba">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/haiti</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q419|Q419]] | +51 | PER | PER | [[File:Flag of Peru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg|center|48px]] | [[Peru]] | [[File:Peru (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_1fd5d6cd2fb26be70c8c8fcd6dd3496cda984b2d1f36def17dca285aeeab3b64">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/peru</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q96|Q96]] | +52 | MEX<ref name="ref_48d0ce6be950795de8ca7fff8e44dbc620d6e5a7b241a75d037258726867406a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MX</ref> | MEX | [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | [[Mexico]] | [[File:MEX orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_ed55f80116d256bcda4e59c84019208f7437ab56659e14f04b1fc61d7bea6a61">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm</ref><ref name="ref_57a61da440053f5fb9c595807f0e40a5716a527552ffc7b6563d171d0c18dcc6">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mexico</ref><ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q241|Q241]] | +53 | CUB | CUB | [[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cuba]] | [[File:Cuba (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]]<ref name="ref_5c70ac92f86e31f55867c9d14bb707f54acdbbfff2caa8898681ac3b65c9a30d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cuba</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q414|Q414]] | +54 | ARG | ARG | [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[Argentina]] | [[File:ARG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_e616ef27e84dce01a65dcb178dbd75b7dbceb23fb4bff8a3c79f35707040b686">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/argentina</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q155|Q155]] | +55 | BRA | BRA | [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brasil]] | [[File:BRA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_fddb9d0df98a18a5136998def2603820369b7f646426d22a09005e177fde7afc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/brazil</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><ref name="ref_5c82beb1fb4dd02d663f37b907e0cca990987aef221d1fbf12883eefd4a2f8b1">https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<ref name="ref_02c70ce7e82c7b584465384c48cfa48df62e8157043980dd85c87ac7ede9f667">https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm?lang=pt</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q298|Q298]] | +56 | CHL | CHI | [[File:Flag of Chile.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chile (c).svg|center|48px]] | [[Chile]] | [[File:CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_e1310045a66773c61bd0e84b83324cf1e2fa4d46dfe527c44eb0b834a66ec172">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/chile</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]] | |- | [[:d:Q739|Q739]] | +57 | COL | COL | [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Colombia]] | [[File:COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_994d63c4bc3c8f9e8f60ac8f00f3f218cd213b0e0a0ed07075aeface0e40a86e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/colombia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q717|Q717]] | +58 | VEN | VEN | [[File:Flag of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[Venezuela]] | [[File:VEN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_34753d3ee3e55d18087148c8246f9edac384974ed010dee94db2716ef96bed2d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/venezuela</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q17012|Q17012]] | +590 | GLP | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guadeloupe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guadalupe|Guadeloupe]] | [[File:Guadeloupe in France 2016.svg|center|48px]] | FR-971 | [[America del Nord]] | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25362|Q25362]] | +590 | BLM | | [[File:Flag of Saint Barthélemy (local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Blason St Barthélémy TOM entire.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25362|Saint Barthélemy]]'' | [[File:Saint Barthelemy in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-BL | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]''<ref name="ref_acb678d6cb9dd51a3fd3981405e68362fe227c398b2f88f9205d3f195172710d">''[[:d:Q47486150|loi organique n° 2007-223 du 21 février 2007 portant dispositions statutaires et institutionnelles relatives à l'outre-mer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q126125|Q126125]] | +590 | MAF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:St Martin Coat.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q126125|Saint-Martin]]'' | [[File:Saint Martin in its region (zoom).svg|center|48px]] | FR-MF | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q750|Q750]] | +591 | BOL | BOL | [[File:Flag of Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bolivia]] | [[File:BOL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_2514490d267edd0ccf67aeebd5cdef6d1a6d46658d0144e8b169f7a5d0e7fcb4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bolivia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q734|Q734]] | +592 | GUY | GUY | [[File:Flag of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guyana]] | [[File:GUY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_67a868b6b67f9a228949dd4acfd83f0001226596d8ef5d369cd4e6cafa99769a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/guyana</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q736|Q736]] | +593 | ECU | ECU | [[File:Flag of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ecuador]] | [[File:ECU orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_e295c77e6eef104bd08bdae6da90dff1b51e9bdd08fddcf3e2a516176409d6ac">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ecuador/</ref><ref name="ref_1549cd7b08d3efa66a50a207465ae84b898d1ee78b3472cd0f637050f3df5674">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/ecuador</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q3769|Q3769]] | +594 | GUF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Guiana, according to the original displayed at the Museum Franconie, at Cayenne.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3769|French Guiana]]'' | [[File:French Guiana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-973 | [[America del Sud]] | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q733|Q733]] | +595 | PRY | PAR | [[File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Paraguay]] | [[File:PRY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_498e84adec1a718348a511c10a611145cd12143230bf83cba372af4ddc8f5ca8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/paraguay</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17054|Q17054]] | +596 | MTQ | | [[File:Flag-of-Martinique.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Martinica]] | [[File:Martinique-CIA WFB Map.png|center|48px]] | FR-972 | [[America del Nord]] | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q730|Q730]] | +597 | SUR | SUR | [[File:Flag of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[Suriname]] | [[File:SURINAME orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q116052725|national geopolitical entity]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q77|Q77]] | +598 | URY | URU | [[File:Flag of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uruguay]] | [[File:URY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Sud]]<ref name="ref_3fc46b9f24a8ea483e8de2a69e4e9850b7ca55f5a20994df6ed612892cc8a304">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uruguay</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27561|Q27561]] | +599 | BES<ref name="ref_b487e18951526d42430f1cf1c21ee328d29004b78388d2bd2e82fab9d7187199">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-1_newsletter_vi-8_split_of_the_dutch_antilles_final-en.pdf</ref> | | | | ''[[:d:Q27561|Caribbean Netherlands]]'' | [[File:BES islands location map.svg|center|48px]] | | [[America del Nord]] | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25279|Q25279]] | +5999 | CUW | | [[File:Flag of Curaçao.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Curaçao.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25279|Curaçao]]'' | [[File:Curacao in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-CW<ref name="ref_a79facb7c77a4d17adb234b1eb74d3b9373e6d448dc9064422a0639025f813d0">''[[:d:Q14005|MusicBrainz]]''</ref> | [[America del Nord]] | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q833|Q833]] | +60 | MYS<ref name="ref_91ced5a92c53470c76e4c318a3e14e7348c772d5741a91228cccdd5a43e6e26a">''[[:d:Q292649|AGROVOC]]''</ref> | MAS | [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malaysia]] | [[File:Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_4db31c2abbd25705c252d2a83966507548cf6104716341bf45b5502c200016d5">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malaysia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]''<ref name="ref_87e6c82e5f9b0556ae953ae2489ab52303f0d0299fb57a9cf6edfcb59ff06036">https://web.archive.org/web/20230703175319/https://books.google.com/books?id=hmIDAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Norfolk+Island+,+New+Zealand+,+and+some+smaller%22&pg=PA458</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q408|Q408]] | +61<ref name="ref_3c8ec2e7664ec852051e6cd9f0b6b2fbb0da9322c5c9c9cf52343863015308a9">http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/telephone-country-and-area-codes</ref> | AUS<ref name="ref_63f5ca7a183963ae457d8f89197c39e30c3e1963bcf902fb3e780d1dbf4e9c8a">''[[:d:Q25275|ISO 3166-1]]''</ref> | AUS | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_81c89a07f6d8245f3f610a5338eb4d06b8867ad0833011281075a438da9ceee8">https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/flag.cfm</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Australia]] | [[File:AUS orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_55b989eb7cce48a09a35b5932d4bfe396cfa0c87723f34b78db550924ba8e125">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/australia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q36004|Q36004]] | +61891 | CCK | | [[File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Clunies-Ross family arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36004|Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]'' | [[File:Cocos (Keeling) Islands on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q252|Q252]] | +62 | IDN | INA | [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|center|48px]] | [[Indonesia]] | [[File:Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_970dd6a46d4f65845c7cbd5220c7d0d74219a48387ec0cabf1594edb82643050">https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/continent/</ref><ref name="ref_c55e382eccb9df0acee0cc1da5d37980fd422383f9c3ecf6120f084c3ec5f28d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/indonesia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q928|Q928]] | +63 | PHL | PHI | [[File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Philippinas]] | [[File:Philippines on the globe (Philippines centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_90ddd9118d68da7e61f33410d7080c6b560febc48a82e4ce29895642ab46bf64">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/philippines</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_81ccc0a78ceeb0d2999af5af7bc2806ac346781fcd398871eaf267afc8de71d0">http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q664|Q664]] | +64 | NZL | NZL | [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Zelanda]] | [[File:NZL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_43526c89d88275bc84852dc4b538fedc841dc0a120e0c438af7a537de4086408">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/new-zealand</ref> | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c6871316bdeb1556c2cb74d8cc18cbb2d6fdef879d68bebda378e8b70461e1f2">https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLLawRP07041/new-zealand-sovereignty-1857-1907-1947-or-1987</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q35672|Q35672]] | +64 | PCN | | [[File:Flag of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Pitcairn]] | [[File:Pitcairn Islands on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q334|Q334]] | +65 | SGP | SGP | [[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[Singapur]] | [[File:Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_591a47b973127214527a344ead22a6b9c5a29e61cecdefd3efe8549371974412">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/singapore</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q869|Q869]] | +66 | THA | THA | [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Thailanda]] | [[File:Thailand (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_1662d307f567064dc266b2cfac2a07109ffb99efbaf1b75321fe85a45954972d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/thailand</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q574|Q574]] | +670 | TLS | TLS | [[File:Flag of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[Timor Oriental]] | [[File:Timor Leste (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_8362efb05122fa36809795881d4668b18e17bdd60c854c2c5fab6a7f55182648">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/timor-leste</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q51|Q51]] | +672 | ATA | | | | [[Antarctica]] | [[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | | [[continente]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_683b2661c49be29f69007bda6012994faeb7dbcefb33fdba8ec0685c5503f9be">''[[:d:Q43400782|БСЭ1 / Антарктида]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2418896|part of the world]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]'' | continente |- | [[:d:Q10372207|Q10372207]] | +672 | ATA | | [[File:Flag of the Antarctic Treaty.svg|center|48px]] | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q10372207|Antarctic Treaty area]]'' | [[File:Mapa Polo Sur.png|center|48px]] | | [[Antarctica]] | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31057|Q31057]] | +6723 | NFK | | [[File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norfuk Ailen]] | [[File:Australia in its region (Norfolk Island special).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14192199|territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q921|Q921]] | +673 | BRN<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref> | BRU | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brunei]] | [[File:Brunei on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_4becd3be642e592e77e314fc7d958e6dad76a875a3179bc1ff6f9d1916367001">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/brunei</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Sultanato]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q697|Q697]] | +674<ref name="ref_f445a3c22990f1d62e6cc18fc0fe03673e9da07854dda7c809cfb12ee03b8b84">''[[:d:Q373|Wikivoyage]]''</ref> | NRU | NRU | [[File:Flag of Nauru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nauru (2020).svg|center|48px]] | [[Nauru]] | [[File:Nauru on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q691|Q691]] | +675 | PNG | PNG | [[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Papua Nove Guinea]] | [[File:Papua New Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]] | |- | [[:d:Q678|Q678]] | +676 | TON | TGA | [[File:Flag of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tonga]] | [[File:Tonga on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q685|Q685]] | +677 | SLB | SOL | [[File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Salomon]] | [[File:Solomon Islands on the globe (Oceania centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_7f5ca980c7c2189a89782643533e6234e580f7f98aa6844d2d32279248a3e8ad">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/solomon-islands</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q686|Q686]] | +678 | VUT | VAN | [[File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vanuatu]] | [[File:Vanuatu on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q712|Q712]] | +679<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | FJI | FIJ | [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[Fiji]] | [[File:Fiji (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q695|Q695]] | +680 | PLW | PLW | [[File:Flag of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Palau]] | [[File:Palau on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_daf169b91264e60c8364612cb2060080f814d06ec09d7ebceeda0cfaba3360c4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/palau</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q35555|Q35555]] | +681 | WLF | | [[File:Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35555|Wallis and Futuna]]'' | [[File:Wallis and Futuna in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-WF | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q26988|Q26988]] | +682 | COK | COK | [[File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q26988|Cook Islands]]'' | [[File:Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q34020|Q34020]] | +683 | NIU | | [[File:Flag of Niue.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niue.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34020|Niue]]'' | [[File:Niue on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q683|Q683]] | +685 | WSM | SAM | [[File:Flag of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Public Seal of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[Samoa]] | [[File:Samoa on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q710|Q710]] | +686 | KIR | KIR | [[File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kiribati]] | [[File:Kiribati on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_d7c103e6ebce9cca16cd4b40558d38bf1c32b659302b6caf56e1517ac3078a0b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kiribati</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q33788|Q33788]] | +687 | NCL | | [[File:Flag of FLNKS.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of New Caledonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Caledonia]] | [[File:New Caledonia in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-NC | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q672|Q672]] | +688 | TUV | TUV | [[File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tuvalu]] | [[File:Tuvalu in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]''<br/>[[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_7cd05220d2aea3511b2677c79066753c92268a3a67a0a57bd82accd0e6458f8c">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tuvalu</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30971|Q30971]] | +689 | PYF | | [[File:Flag of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q30971|French Polynesia]]'' | [[File:French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | FR-PF | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q36823|Q36823]] | +690 | TKL | | [[File:Flag of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Badge of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36823|Tokelau]]'' | [[File:LocationTokelau.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q538|Oceania]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q702|Q702]] | +691 | FSM | FSM | [[File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Federate de Micronesia|Micronesia]] | [[File:Micronesia on the globe (Micronesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]]<ref name="ref_35ec7f61ba88d07db6051a9635d5a80b6346c204c801f053db14ed60df06a80f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/micronesia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q709|Q709]] | +692 | MHL | MHL | [[File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q709|Marshall Islands]]'' | [[File:Marshall Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oceania]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q159|Q159]] | +7 | RUS | RUS | [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|center|48px]] | [[Russia]] | [[File:LocationRussia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_a3e468da529f6170ebe537841394006365958e82b1c66e74caf70fcb621997a4">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/russia</ref><br/>[[Asia]]<br/>[[Eurasia]] | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_51cfe82ebe6b6b1410c83f0e5d300685a554345e61cbb37d2ecf3e5be2d6b1ad">''[[:d:Q11836865|Declaration of the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 142-N of 26 December 1991]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q232|Q232]] | +7<ref name="ref_869fc93f19bd3db0d26985eae23a7cdc35e3955bcc025f142ba7028febd1acc8">http://countrycode.org/kazakhstan</ref> | KAZ | KAZ | [[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qazaqstan|Kazakhstan]] | [[File:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]]<ref name="ref_0c2352a80be92c3210ce7156d90b4c25cf17b2997c3c354578a49c50ae82e7e0">http://assembly.coe.int/nw/xml/XRef/X2H-Xref-ViewHTML.asp?FileID=9998</ref><br/>[[Asia]]<ref name="ref_00f4a00217006243f1f5d216b71903ba86d97ebca781de7880fb7d1ae44c389b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kazakhstan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]''<br/>[[pais]] | stato euroasiatic |- | [[:d:Q17|Q17]] | +81 | JPN | JPN | [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Kamon of the Imperial House of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Japon]] | [[File:Japan on the globe (de-facto) (Japan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_18b47b49cacad6ae73f045f727a828dab6f9032777e094eaacf4f43697017d32">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/japan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref> | pais de Asia |- | [[:d:Q884|Q884]] | +82 | KOR | KOR | [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Sud]] | [[File:South Korea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_ed06a6210c3250c4513da4dbeeeef173390ab6ec6bc7e2ebb62135ead8e6dd31">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/korea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b56d7a5874cc979de67507be4b9d0ec0309a3055065d3b2c94872cb63e655bc8">https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Korea</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q881|Q881]] | +84 | VNM | VIE | [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vietnam]] | [[File:Vietnam on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_3cdd1c3c0f83a1f617d30538f8f473fd74f6c0ec9f6c4f795af39aa128e1f9cb">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/vietnam</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q423|Q423]] | +850 | PRK | PRK | [[File:Flag of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Nord]] | [[File:LocationNorthKorea.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_5d92736853365d9e85e7b28bcbfce24d004923f1f10cf7563666126117dfd42d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-people-s-rep-korea</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3303230|pariah state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q8646|Q8646]] | +852 | HKG | HKG | [[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hong Kong]] | [[File:Hong Kong in China (zoomed) (+all claims hatched).svg|center|48px]] | CN-HK | [[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q14773|Q14773]] | +853 | MAC | MAC | [[File:Flag of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macao]] | [[File:Macau locator map.svg|center|48px]] | CN-MO | [[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q424|Q424]] | +855 | KHM | CAM | [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal arms of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cambodja|Cambodgia]] | [[File:Cambodia on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_abe4358184070f9b6797681a5adb73e29bd1da4d11a88cd83ae1664ab59a73bd">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/cambodia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q819|Q819]] | +856 | LAO | LAO | [[File:Flag of Laos.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Laos (1991-2025).svg|center|48px]] | [[Laos]] | [[File:Laos on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_39b1fd2e1c22a49137d4e9548d1988e3f3e9aa478b87789b44044b20140fc4b9">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lao-pdr</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia del sud-est |- | [[:d:Q148|Q148]] | +86 | CHN | CHN | [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|center|48px]] | [[China]] | [[File:CHN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a99460e35c29523fbc64f3e501526e4e548dc1a24bf60644edd14ee96b8d9f75">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/china</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q902|Q902]] | +880 | BGD | BAN | [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bangladesh]] | [[File:Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_ab9a52b2415e4258c2ccb5504794704ed5046ee1482b61e585b8669706229b8b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bangladesh</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q865|Q865]] | +886 | TWN | TPE<ref name="ref_57a0ad33f5b6f27f02f92a9efa64f01b99937ab26de151c23288f5b72c3c0fb2">https://olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-olympics-full-list-ioc-national-olympic-committee-codes</ref> | [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[Taiwan|Republica de China]] | [[File:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]] | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<ref name="ref_a9f70626dc74e5b985084e8b1f64ad3ff7e0f85a25e82df819ca2f9557c85049">''[[:d:Q213099|Constitution of the Republic of China]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c1a15e1a1d9b909b4bb07e4dc4f5be3a202d16916c872c87fb7d5f3047286520">''[[:d:Q10926890|Fundamentals of National Reconstruction]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q668|Q668]] | +91 | IND | IND | [[File:Flag of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[India]] | [[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_7f529af02bea9f37111f5ff64a1ecb27e4148cfe3bfa74c586f9e3fcf2ca8574">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/india</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q843|Q843]] | +92 | PAK | PAK | [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Pakistan]] | [[File:Pakistan on the globe (de-facto and claimed hatched) (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_37b442a17714a61e024650736f93e269f286a7c916ba24fac9139775925b34e0">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/pakistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q889|Q889]] | +93 | AFG | AFG | [[File:Flag of the Taliban.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Afghanistan]] | [[File:Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_d1b2dd0c80f9f9d33adddf70d21067d1f1739a3646ccb2c797f0d93469c08730">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/afghanistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q854|Q854]] | +94 | LKA | SRI | [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sri Lanka]] | [[File:Sri Lanka (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a5b2f7f145888ef200ccfcec3e73bef97ccbd3157ddbbbb6160bd6803f7b51b2">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/sri-lanka</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q836|Q836]] | +95 | MMR | MYA | [[File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State Seal of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Birmania]] | [[File:Myanmar on the globe (Myanmar centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a20b46494326aff210a40fb9b2eea5e738e9385f36f0c36a24f790b010ba6e27">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/myanmar</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q826|Q826]] | +960 | MDV | MDV | [[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[Maldivas]] | [[File:Maldives (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_ca38c12334a859eed2ac9814492e6f861112b0460ba2b09b781f89acd2373b49">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/maldives</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | pais archipelagic de Asia |- | [[:d:Q822|Q822]] | +961 | LBN | LBN | [[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Libano]] | [[File:Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_852f696db1749aeed11812ff08d49b6ee67c7dd78b8c7b135092052ed9cac018">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/lebanon</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q810|Q810]] | +962 | JOR | JOR | [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jordania]] | [[File:Jordan on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_9f846bfa4bc40138822f26e7705b2f459bb74eee955fcfddfa745ba4c26b853a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/jordan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q858|Q858]] | +963 | SYR | SYR | [[File:Flag of Syria (2025-).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Syria (2025–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Syria]] | [[File:Syria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_412fa4b836a6613010597160bf80f588d683992c3a7c230e40132d4d1dd5909a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/syrian-arab-republic</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q796|Q796]] | +964 | IRQ | IRQ | [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[Irak]] | [[File:Iraq (orthographic-projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_8235b932b9266c6c4a026faf3ec34936d71d553e259e66933aff9d02b124a1ea">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/iraq</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q817|Q817]] | +965 | KWT | KUW | [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the State of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kuwait]] | [[File:KWT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_3ace251482c28923d1f51ac0d92f9a6660ecff6563b0ba65d49cf6d4240edd98">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kuwait</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q851|Q851]] | +966 | SAU | KSA | [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Arabia Saudita]] | [[File:Saudi Arabia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_26784e44a0327d74d0bef416db5c974641a0f4599932def46a46ff3cab16958e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/saudi-arabia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q805|Q805]] | +967 | YEM | YEM | [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yemen (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Yemen]] | [[File:Yemen (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_a8ffbdbb020752731956fe0b761b6fb68d783b10c1a0bb0d7af2c800aef460f8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/yemen</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q842|Q842]] | +968 | OMN | OMA | [[File:Flag of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[Oman]] | [[File:Oman (better) (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_01586d2a30f5bcd896fe98d3b34625be88b8acaacdc447a62f9c38744cb89b8e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/oman</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Sultanato]] | |- | [[:d:Q219060|Q219060]] | +970 | PSE<ref name="ref_3f75e303bf4853c467c06725a05dba6eeb7112ce137fb140bdc7a80e567b6d9a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search</ref> | PLE | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[Stato de Palestina]] | [[File:State of Palestine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_2eb2aafc86ec576fb04cf58b8c5a6b5ccc975adff5e06377af3f6986e526b197">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/west-bank-and-gaza</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_61cb9542cfec0192ac28895ad39604419ece3afcc2d24629fa49d44e66ca8713">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-statehood-idUSBRE8AR0EG20121129</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<ref name="ref_1aa0d02a4d329d277dd84e6b641dfc97d3cea6ca9ee7087854a9c8096d827e5d">https://www.visualcapitalist.com/recognition-of-israel-and-palestine-map/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | stato partialmente recognoscite in Asia |- | [[:d:Q407199|Q407199]] | +970 | PSE | | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q407199|Occupied Palestinian territory]]'' | [[File:Palestinian territories (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]] | ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q878|Q878]] | +971 | ARE | UAE | [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[Emiratos Arabe Unite]] | [[File:United Arab Emirates (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_59a1d652766a06f92458495e7cef738309868b7ba5a287d913c5709c1714791e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/united-arab-emirates</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q801|Q801]] | +972 | ISR | ISR | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[Israel]] | [[File:Israel (orthographic projection) with disputed territories.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_333461128a2048d57dd11c82262c851de1f5550ad2f5f6ffcd74b818b46835a7">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/israel</ref> | ''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q398|Q398]] | +973 | BHR | BRN | [[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of The Kingdom of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahrain]] | [[File:Map of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_2dc5aa10c6e6e1dca2838777318ef05bd87fb4d13951325b8aebc61573ab766d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bahrain</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[archipelago]] | |- | [[:d:Q846|Q846]] | +974 | QAT | QAT | [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Qatar-2022.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qatar]] | [[File:QAT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_524121d7265c4d0c8f3f7af1dc2f6c1b7e2c6f762b4df1d0540d05fec95dbf91">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/qatar</ref> | ''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q917|Q917]] | +975 | BTN | BHU | [[File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bhutan]] | [[File:Bhutan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_8006f2781cb69049dfa601b23976a7cca3397823cd5645fa63a657e7aba6ada8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/bhutan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q711|Q711]] | +976<ref name="ref_7d1c754bbb9c79f4e261ec07b06c3412be495db3ef2a3f0b65778cafa7f09ce7">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/</ref> | MNG | MGL | [[File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mongolia]] | [[File:Mongolia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_b08be61c8e97998a5328bd0e6b1c3a8fd62dade52c1805737707718aca51b1d1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mongolia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q837|Q837]] | +977 | NPL | NEP | [[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nepal]] | [[File:Nepal (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_b578e9b2d5b6f56d16b4b36cbb6fe645ba081b193d8db1718aa578c3ced4e709">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/nepal</ref> | ''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q842112|staato socialista]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q794|Q794]] | +98 | IRN | IRI | [[File:Flag of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[Iran]] | [[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_706c979762a1bfe0bb4d75a7fa59245b9273be5b15e78cd69c3f108939e0d350">''[[:d:Q3462918|Mo'in Encyclopedic Dictionary]]''</ref><ref name="ref_5a63f22cd00dda7cb42010c027da62f2730910950ae460faa8e9903ff6b486c1">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/iran</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_706c979762a1bfe0bb4d75a7fa59245b9273be5b15e78cd69c3f108939e0d350">''[[:d:Q3462918|Mo'in Encyclopedic Dictionary]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q863|Q863]] | +992 | TJK | TJK | [[File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tajikistan]] | [[File:Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_4393707e56515aadf68c912d8642d7702233b42c189aaed34d5f97897b12aa9f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/tajikistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q874|Q874]] | +993 | TKM | TKM | [[File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Turkmenistan]] | [[File:Turkmenistan on the globe (Turkmenistan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_1efe86a44bb88263ac1c1ec613c2b2610305f571ffcc443c0ceacd65ddfaa25e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/turkmenistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q227|Q227]] | +994 | AZE | AZE | [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Azerbaijan]] | [[File:Azerbaijan orthographic projection.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_c64cca2d5d5e7de7d1c417b5b3491c2239c382f1b3289d13f432b1df36ca5d11">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/azerbaijan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q230|Q230]] | +995 | GEO | GEO | [[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Georgia (pais)|Georgia]] | [[File:Europe-Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Europa]] | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q236036|republic of the Soviet Union]]''<ref name="ref_5c230e70bc98bbb5feb57eebe6a26f1f466f19895c08275dad9169e8102d4f75">https://iverieli.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/274221/1/Komunisti_1921_N1.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q813|Q813]] | +996 | KGZ | KGZ | [[File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kirghizistan]] | [[File:Kyrgyzstan on the globe (Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_6de0896fad4919ad7aff39f603c5366c3771f0a85c09be612a9ba5642f156cfc">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/kyrgyz-republic</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia central |- | [[:d:Q265|Q265]] | +998 | UZB | UZB | [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uzbekistan]] | [[File:UZB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asia]]<ref name="ref_d4949d4e544e92e3c5cdacf99f8862cb8fa6d1da83b12f3804a9bb8ca0b650c3">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uzbekistan</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136361597|doubly landlocked country]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} bjngt0k4okyf8ao1audxcun4cgradbl 0 33489 699877 538720 2026-09-12T19:35:41Z Interlingvisto 60932 Interlingvisto ha renominate le pagina [[Provincia Toledo]] a [[Provincia de Toledo]], superscribente un redirection 538720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/typo/entitate territorial administrative}} Le '''Provincia Toledo''' es un provincia de [[Espania]]. {{Municipalitates in Toledo}} [[Categoria:Provincias de Espania]] dug5vdn5h4bzrxglhyu3ifeoku7dfeh 699879 699877 2026-09-12T19:35:49Z Interlingvisto 60932 699879 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/typo/entitate territorial administrative}} Le '''Provincia de Toledo''' es un provincia de [[Espania]]. {{Municipalitates in Toledo}} [[Categoria:Provincias de Espania]] 8uwnphptu1xgq378cvc2ajd3cx85hdd 0 33569 699972 675813 2026-09-13T09:16:21Z Interlingvisto 60932 699972 wikitext text/x-wiki {{delete}} 35r2j9t4ectnt1cmb7mlgcqvwz6h5k6 0 33861 699886 574989 2026-09-12T20:18:39Z Interlingvisto 60932 699886 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Martin Van Buren''' (1782–1862) esseva un advocato, politico, diplomate e statista american qui serviva como le octave presidente del Statos Unite de 1837 a 1841. Un architecto principal del Partito Democratic, ille jocava un rolo central in le disveloppamento del systema politic que emergeva durante le presidentia de Andrew Jackson. Ante de attinger le Casa Blanc, Van Buren serviva in le politica del stato de New York, representava New York in le Senato del Statos Unite, deveniva secretario de stato e vice-presidente sub Jackson, e serviva brevemente como ministro del Statos Unite in Grande Britannia. == Biographia == Van Buren nasceva le 5 de decembre 1782 in Kinderhook, New York, in un communitate predominantemente de lingua nederlandese. Su ascension a prominentia national se basava minus sur distinction militar o intellectual que sur su habilitate exceptional como organisator politic e constructor de coalitiones. Ille adjutava a crear un organisation de partito efficace in New York e plus tarde deveniva un del figuras principal responsabile de transformar le movimento politic de Jackson in le Partito Democratic. === Juventute e cariera politic === Van Buren se formava como advocato e entrava in le politica in New York al initio del seculo dece-nono. Ille serviva in le legislatura del stato e como procurator general de New York ante de esser elegite al Senato del Statos Unite in 1821. In New York ille deveniva le figura principal del organisation politic cognoscite como le ''Albany Regency'', lo que demonstrava su capacitate de coordinar candidatos, functionarios e interesses politic in un rete de partito durabile. Su approcha politic sublineava le organisation, le disciplina de partito e le compromisso. Durante le annos 1820, Van Buren emergeva como un opponente importante de John Quincy Adams e un partisano de Andrew Jackson. Ille adjutava a assecurar appoio politic pro Jackson in New York e deveniva guvernator de New York in 1828, ben que ille tosto lassava ille cargo pro junger se al administration de Jackson. Como secretario de stato, ille deveniva un del consiliatores politic le plus proxime de Jackson. Post resignar in medio del controversia que rodeava le assi-nominate ''Petticoat affair'', Van Buren serviva brevemente como ambassator in Britannia e postea deveniva le vice-presidente de Jackson post le election de 1832. === Presidentia === Van Buren ganiava le election presidential de 1836 como le successor seligite per Jackson e assumeva le cargo in martio 1837. Su presidentia esseva dominate per le Panico de 1837, un sever crise financiari que comenciava pauc post su inauguration. Bancas falliva, interprisas collapsava, le disoccupation augmentava, e le difficultates economic persisteva durante le major parte de su mandato. Van Buren rejectava propositiones pro un ample intervention federal e, in loco de illo, prosequeva un politica de moderation fiscal. Su responsa le plus importante esseva le creation de un systema de tresoreria independente destinate a separar le finanzas federal del bancas private. Van Buren in grande parte continuava le politicas de Jackson super le deportation del nativos american, contribuente al displaciamento de populos indigen al terras al west del fluvio Mississippi. Ille anque tentava evitar conflictos sectional super le sclavitude. Su administration se opponeva al annexasion immediate de Texas, in parte proque facer lo riscava intensificar le disputas super le sclavitude. In affaires estranier, Van Buren generalmente prefereva le diplomatia e cercava prevenir conflictos con Britannia e le America del Nord britannic malgrado plure episodios de violentia de frontiera, includente le ''Caroline affair'' e le disputa de Aroostook. Su administration anque se involveva in le famose ''caso Amistad'', que postea attingeva le Corte Supreme del Statos Unite. === Election de 1840 e cariera politic posterior === Le depression economic prolongate damnificava severmente le popularitate de Van Buren. Le Partito Whig de opposition capitalisava sur le dissatisfaction del publico e presentava William Henry Harrison como un alternativa al presidente in cargo. Van Buren esseva derrotate in le election presidential de 1840, lo que finiva su unic mandato. Le resultato reflecteva tanto le difficultates economic de su administration como le crescente efficacia del politica de opposition organisate. Van Buren remaneva active in le politica national post lassar le presidentia. Ille cercava le nomination democratic de novo in 1844, sed lo perdeva in medio de divisiones super le annexion de Texas. In 1848, de plus in plus opponite al expansion del sclavitude, ille deveniva le candidato presidential del novemente formate ''Free Soil Party''. Ben que ille non ganiava, su candidatura demonstrava le evolution de su position politic durante su ultime annos. Posteriormente ille se retirava del politica national active e passava le major parte de su vita restante in su proprietate in Kinderhook. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} ox65n5x2d39vjgnp8sg4jmo4c39daoz 699887 699886 2026-09-12T20:20:39Z Interlingvisto 60932 699887 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Martin Van Buren''' (1782–1862) esseva un advocato, politico, diplomate e statista american qui serviva como le octave [[Presidente del Statos Unite de America|presidente del Statos Unite]] de 1837 a 1841. Un architecto principal del Partito Democratic, ille jocava un rolo central in le disveloppamento del systema politic que emergeva durante le presidentia de [[Andrew Jackson]]. Ante de attinger le [[Casa Blanc]], Van Buren serviva in le politica del [[stato de New York]], representava New York in le [[Senato del Statos Unite]], deveniva secretario de stato e vice-presidente sub Jackson, e serviva brevemente como ministro del Statos Unite in [[Grande Britannia]]. == Biographia == Van Buren nasceva le 5 de decembre 1782 in Kinderhook, New York, in un communitate predominantemente de [[lingua nederlandese]]. Su ascension a prominentia national se basava minus sur distinction militar o intellectual que sur su habilitate exceptional como organisator politic e constructor de coalitiones. Ille adjutava a crear un organisation de partito efficace in [[New York (citate)|New York]] e plus tarde deveniva un del figuras principal responsabile de transformar le movimento politic de Jackson in le [[Partito Democratic del Statos Unite|Partito Democratic]]. === Juventute e cariera politic === Van Buren se formava como advocato e entrava in le politica in New York al initio del 19e seculo. Ille serviva in le legislatura del stato e como procurator general de New York ante de esser elegite al Senato del Statos Unite in 1821. In New York ille deveniva le figura principal del organisation politic cognoscite como le ''Albany Regency'', lo que demonstrava su capacitate de coordinar candidatos, functionarios e interesses politic in un rete de partito durabile. Su approcha politic sublineava le organisation, le disciplina de partito e le compromisso. Durante le annos 1820, Van Buren emergeva como un opponente importante de [[John Quincy Adams]] e un partisano de Andrew Jackson. Ille adjutava a assecurar appoio politic pro Jackson in New York e deveniva guvernator de New York in 1828, ben que ille tosto lassava ille cargo pro junger se al administration de Jackson. Como secretario de stato, ille deveniva un del consiliatores politic le plus proxime de Jackson. Post resignar in medio del controversia que rodeava le assi-nominate ''Petticoat affair'', Van Buren serviva brevemente como ambassator in Britannia e postea deveniva le vice-presidente de Jackson post le election de 1832. === Presidentia === Van Buren ganiava le election presidential de 1836 como le successor seligite per Jackson e assumeva le cargo in martio 1837. Su presidentia esseva dominate per le Panico de 1837, un sever crise financiari que comenciava pauc post su inauguration. Bancas falliva, interprisas collapsava, le disoccupation augmentava, e le difficultates economic persisteva durante le major parte de su mandato. Van Buren rejectava propositiones pro un ample intervention federal e, in loco de illo, prosequeva un politica de moderation fiscal. Su responsa le plus importante esseva le creation de un systema de tresoreria independente destinate a separar le finanzas federal del bancas private. Van Buren in grande parte continuava le politicas de Jackson super le deportation del nativos american, contribuente al displaciamento de populos indigen al terras al west del [[fluvio Mississippi]]. Ille anque tentava evitar conflictos sectional super le [[sclavitude]]. Su administration se opponeva al annexasion immediate de Texas, in parte proque facer lo riscava intensificar le disputas super le sclavitude. In affaires estranier, Van Buren generalmente prefereva le diplomatia e cercava prevenir conflictos con Britannia e le America del Nord britannic malgrado plure episodios de violentia de frontiera, includente le ''Caroline affair'' e le disputa de Aroostook. Su administration anque se involveva in le famose ''caso Amistad'', que postea attingeva le Corte Supreme del Statos Unite. === Election de 1840 e cariera politic posterior === Le depression economic prolongate damnificava severmente le popularitate de Van Buren. Le Partito Whig de opposition capitalisava sur le dissatisfaction del publico e presentava William Henry Harrison como un alternativa al presidente in cargo. Van Buren esseva derrotate in le election presidential de 1840, lo que finiva su unic mandato. Le resultato reflecteva tanto le difficultates economic de su administration como le crescente efficacia del politica de opposition organisate. Van Buren remaneva active in le politica national post lassar le presidentia. Ille cercava le nomination democratic de novo in 1844, sed lo perdeva in medio de divisiones super le annexion de Texas. In 1848, de plus in plus opponite al expansion del sclavitude, ille deveniva le candidato presidential del novemente formate ''Free Soil Party''. Ben que ille non ganiava, su candidatura demonstrava le evolution de su position politic durante su ultime annos. Posteriormente ille se retirava del politica national active e passava le major parte de su vita restante in su proprietate in Kinderhook. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} j5vn6lzykorbtsjc2009qfzpmv4o3pn 0 33863 699915 575024 2026-09-12T20:51:52Z Interlingvisto 60932 699915 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''John Tyler''' (1790–1862) esseva le decime presidente del Statos Unite, serviente de 1841 a 1845. Originalmente eligite vice-presidente sur le lista del partito Whig con William Henry Harrison, ille deveniva presidente solmente un mense post assumer le cargo, quando Harrison moriva. Le succession de Tyler stabiliva un importante precedente constitutional: ille insisteva que un vice-presidente qui succede al presidentia assume le plen poteres e responsabilitates del cargo, in loco de mermente servir como presidente interim. Un virginiano e defensor devote del derectos del statos, Tyler habeva un cariera politic que frequentemente lo poneva in conflicto con su proprie partito. Su presidentia esseva marcate per confrontationes repetite con le Whigs del Congresso, particularmente super le politica economic e le proponite creation de un nove banca national. Ben que politicamente isolate durante le major parte de su mandato, su administration attingeva importante successos diplomatic e avantiava le eventual annexation de Texas. Juventute e cariera politic Tyler nasceva in un prominente familia de Virginia e studiava al College of William & Mary ante de devenir advocato. Ille entrava in le vita public in le Camera de Delegatos de Virginia e plus tarde serviva in le Camera de Representantes del Statos Unite, como guvernator de Virginia, e in le Senato del Statos Unite. Su vision politic emphaseva un autoritate federal limitate, le derectos del statos, e le opposition a interpretationes expansive del poter federal. Durante le realiniamento politic del annos 1820 e 1830, Tyler initialmente se associava con le Partito Democratic, sed rumpeva con Andrew Jackson super questiones que includeva le uso del poter executive e le relation del governamento federal con le statos. Posteriormente, ille se aliniava con le emergente movimento Whig, ben que su devotion al derectos del statos faceva de ille un membro incommode del partito. In 1840, le Whigs lo nominava pro le vice-presidentia insimul con William Henry Harrison, e le lista electoral vinceva le presidente in officio Martin Van Buren. == Succession al presidentia == Harrison moriva in april 1841, solmente 31 dies post le initio de su presidentia. Tyler asseverava immediatemente que le Constitution faceva de ille le presidente de plen jure, prestava le juramento presidential, e se installava in le Casa Blanc. Su interpretation esseva controversial a ille epocha, sed illo stabiliva lo que deveniva cognoscite como le «precedente Tyler». Le principio que un vice-presidente qui succede al presidentia deveni presidente de plen jure esseva finalmente incorporate in le derectos constitutional per le Vigesimo Quinte Emendamento plus de un seculo a posteriori. Tyler tosto se trovava in conflicto con le duces del Whigs, particularmente le senator Henry Clay. Le Whigs del Congresso cercava implementar le major parte de lor programma economic, includente le creation de un nove banca national. Tyler imponeva su veto a successive projectos de lege bancari, argumentante que illos excedeva le limites constitutional. Le confrontation resultante duceva le major parte del cabinete Whig a demissionar e lassava Tyler in grande parte sin un organisation de partito effective in le Congresso. == Presidentia == Difficultates economic hereditate del Panico de 1837 dominava le prime parte del administration de Tyler. Su politicas combinava le supporto a mesuras de receptas federal con le opposition a programmas que ille credeva expandeva de forma improprie le autoritate federal. Disputas super tarifas, politica financiari, e le distribution de fondos federal tensionava ancora plus su relation con le Congresso. Le ruptura inter Tyler e le Whigs deveniva si sever que le opponentes in le Congresso mesmo considerava initiar un processo de destitution contra ille, ben que nulle processo resultava. Le affaires estranier produceva alcunes del realisationes le plus importante de Tyler. Le Secretario de Stato Daniel Webster negotiava le Tractato Webster-Ashburton con Grande Britannia, resolvente plure disputas de frontieras pendente inter le Statos Unite e le America del Nord Britannic. Le administration de Tyler etiam tractava conflictos in Florida e questiones territorial que involveva Oregon. Su governamento se concentrava de plus in plus sur le expansion verso le west e, finalmente, sur le annexation del Republica de Texas. == Annexation de Texas e annos posterior == Le proponite annexation de Texas deveniva le thema central del ultime annos de Tyler in le cargo. Esforcios anterior habeva incontrate un forte opposition proque le annexation poteva intensificar le disputas sectional super le sclavitude e alterar le equilibrio de poter inter statos libere e statos sclavista. Nonobstante, Tyler faceva del annexation un de su objectivos principal, e le Congresso finalmente approbava un resolution conjuncte pauc ante que ille lassava le cargo. Texas esseva formalmente annexate sub le administration successive de James K. Polk. Post de lassar le presidentia in 1845, Tyler se retirava in grande parte del vita politic national, ben que ille continuava a sequer le controversias sectional e constitutional. A mesura que le tensiones inter le Nord e le Sud se intensificava, ille deveniva de plus in plus identificate con le causa del Sud. Durante le crise de secession de 1861, ille supportava le efortios pro attinger un compromisso, sed finalmente appoiava le decision de Virginia de abandonar le Union. Ille esseva eligite al Camera de Representantes Confederate, sed moriva in Richmond in januario 1862 ante de prender su escano. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} ti0ejnap5lpduta2p6zjebnt3p3ydkx 0 33865 699923 574827 2026-09-12T21:06:28Z Interlingvisto 60932 699923 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Zachary Taylor''' (1784–1850) esseva le duodecime presidente del Statos Unite, serviente de martio 1849 usque a su morte in julio 1850. Un officiero de cariera del Armea del Statos Unite, Taylor deveniva un heroe national per su victorias in le Guerra Mexican-American e entrava in le presidentia con pauc experientia politic previe. Cognoscite como “Old Rough and Ready”, ille esseva elegite como Whig in 1848 malgrado haber opiniones politic relativemente indefinite. Su presidentia esseva dominate per le disputa de plus in plus acerbe super le sclavitude e le stato del territorios acquirite de Mexico. Taylor nasceva in un prominente familia de plantatores de Virginia que se moveva a Kentucky durante su infantia. Ille recipeva un education formal limitate e entrava in le servicio militar in 1808. Durante plus de quatro decennios in le Armea, ille participava in conflictos que includeva le Guerra de 1812, le Guerra de Black Hawk, e le Secunde Guerra Seminole. Su reputation sur le campo de battalia, combinate con su independentia de factiones politic stabilite, in fin faceva de ille un candidato presidential attractive. == Prime annos e cariera militar == Taylor cresceva prope Louisville, Kentucky, ubi su familia accumulava terras substantial e laboratores sclavisate. Ille se maritava con Margaret Mackall Smith in 1810, e le cupla habeva sex infantes. Taylor continuava a acquirer terras e deveniva ipse un proprietario de sclavos, mantenente proprietates in Louisiana e Mississippi dum su missiones militar frequentemente lo manteneva longe de casa. Su familia includeva plus tarde Richard Taylor, qui deveniva un general confederate durante le Guerra Civil American. Le cariera militar de Taylor se disveloppava gradualmente. Durante le Guerra de 1812, ille ganiava recognoscentia pro defender con successo Fort Harrison contra fortias de nativos american. Ille serviva plus tarde in le Guerra de Black Hawk e in le Secunde Guerra Seminole, ubi su victoria in le Battalia de Laco Okeechobee contribueva a su crescente reputation national. Su stylo de commando practic e su voluntate de condivider difficultates con su soldatos adjutava a crear le imagine popular de un commandante de frontiera directe. == Guerra Mexican-American == Taylor deveniva un celebritate national durante le Guerra Mexican-American. Post que le annexasion de Texas augmentava le tensiones con Mexico, le Presidente James K. Polk ordinava le fortias de Taylor verso le Rio Grande. Le combattimentos comenciava in 1846, e Taylor deroutava le truppas mexican a Palo Alto e Resaca de la Palma ante de avantiar in le nord de Mexico. Ille subsequentemente capturava Monterrey post un campania difficile. Le scontro le plus celebrate de Taylor occurreva a Buena Vista in februario 1847, ubi su fortia minor resisteva a un armea mexican multo plus grande commandate per Antonio López de Santa Anna. Ben que le battalia non produceva un victoria strategic unequivoc, le reputation de Taylor como commandante de successo se consolidava considerabilemente. Su crescente popularitate in fin faceva de ille un candidato presidential viabile, malgrado que ille nunquam habeva occupate un cargo politic elective e monstrava pauc interesse previe in le politica partisan. == Election de 1848 e presidentia == Le Partito Whig nominava Taylor pro le presidentia in 1848, sperante que su fama militar poterea unir le votantes malgrado su opiniones politic incerte. Ille vinceva le candidato democratic Lewis Cass e anque prevaleva super le campania de Free Soil del ancian presidente Martin Van Buren. Taylor deveniva le prime presidente del Statos Unite elegite sin haber previemente occupate un cargo politic public. Tamen, un vice in Washington, ille se monstrava difficile a controlar per le lideres del partido e manteneva un relation relativemente independente con le Congresso e su cabinete. Le problema central del presidentia de Taylor esseva le sclavitude in le territorios acquirite post le Guerra Mexican-American. Ben que Taylor esseva un proprietario de sclavos del Sud, ille se opponeva al extension del sclavitude in le territorios occidental e favoriva le admission de California e Nove Mexico directamente como statos in loco de organisar los previemente como territorios. Su approcha indignava multe politicos del Sud e contribueva al crise sectional plus ample que culminarea in le Compromisso de 1850. Taylor anque supportava le mantenimento del Union e indicava que ille se opponerea a tentativas de secession. == Morte e legato == Le presidentia de Taylor durava solmente dece-sex menses. In julio 1850, post disveloppar un grave maladia gastrointestinal, ille moriva in le Casa Blanc al etate de 65 annos. Le Vicepresidente Millard Fillmore le succedeva e subsequentemente deveniva plus strectemente associate con le compromisso legislative destinate a mitigar le tensiones sectional. Le breve administration de Taylor compliva relativemente pauc ultra alicun progresso diplomatic, includente le Tractato Clayton-Bulwer, e illo finiva ante que le crise del sclavitude poterea esser resolvite. Consequentemente, le reputation historic de Taylor ha essite formate tanto per su cariera militar como per le brevitate de su presidentia. Ille es recordate principalmente como un general de successo de qui le fama sur le campo de battalia lo portava inexpectatemente in le politica national. Le historiadores generalmente ha classificate su presidentia relativemente basse, ben que iste evalutation reflecte in grande parte su tempore limitate in le cargo e le crise politic non resolvite circa le sclavitude. Nonobstante, su presidentia illustra le crescente importantia del celebritate militar in le politica american del seculo dece-nono e le divisiones sectional de plus in plus difficile que precedeva le Guerra Civil. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} tibyso3yj1tzteo0qwuua2abavu9tge 0 33866 699924 575002 2026-09-12T21:12:11Z Interlingvisto 60932 699924 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Millard Fillmore''' (1800–1874) esseva le 13tie presidente del Statos Unite, serviente de 1850 a 1853. Membro del Partito Whig, ille deveniva presidente post le morte de Zachary Taylor e esseva le ultime presidente associate con le Whigs a servir in le Casa Blanc. Su presidentia esseva dominate per le disputa national de plus in plus acerbe super le sclavitude, particularmente le question de si le sclavitude se expanderea in le territorios acquirite de Mexico. Le appoio de Fillmore al Compromisso de 1850 mitigava temporarimente le tensiones sectional, sed anque contribueva a su popularitate declinante, particularmente in le Nord. Nascite in un povre familia de fermeros in le nord del stato de New York, Fillmore habeva pauc education formal e laborava como apprentise ante de studiar derecto. Ille deveniva un avocate e politico de successo in Buffalo, ascendente per le movimento antimasonic ante de junger se al novemente formate Partito Whig. Su cariera politic includeva servicio in le Assemblea de New York, plure terminos in le Camera de Representantes del Statos Unite, e le officio de controllor de New York. In 1848, ille esseva seligite como companion de formula de Zachary Taylor e deveniva vice-presidente ante de succeder inexpectatemente al presidentia. == Prime annos de vita e cariera politic == Fillmore nasceva le 7 de januario 1800 in le Contato de Cayuga, New York, e cresceva in circumstantias de considerabile povreza. Como adolescente, ille esseva placiate como apprentise in le industria textil, sed ille displaceva le occupation e cercava opportunitates de education e progresso. Ille eventualmente studiava derecto sub advocatos local, esseva admittite al baro in 1823, e establiva un studio in East Aurora ante de transferer se a Buffalo. Su successo juridic e su participation in le affaires civic adjutava a facer de ille un membro prominente del communitate in rapide developpamento. Fillmore entrava in le politica per le Partito Antimasonic e ganiava le election al Assemblea de New York in 1828. Ille appoiava mesuras tal como le abolition del prisionamento pro debitas e le expansion del accesso civil al tribunales. A mesura que le movimento antimasonic declinava, Fillmore adjutava a construer le Partito Whig a partir de plure gruppos opponite a Andrew Jackson. Elegite al Camera de Representantes del Statos Unite in 1832, ille deveniva un importante legislator whig e eventualmente presideva le potente Comitato de Medios e Vias. Ben que personalmente opponite al sclavitude, ille manteneva que le governamento federal habeva un autoritate constitutional limitate pro abolir lo, un position que de plus in plus lo separava del ala plus antisclavista del Whigs de New York. == Vice-presidentia e succession == Post tentativas infructuose de obtener un officio plus alte, Fillmore esseva elegite controllor de New York in 1847, lo que meliorava su reputation como administrator experte. Le anno sequente, le Whigs lo nominava pro vice-presidente insimul con le heroe militar Zachary Taylor. Le candidatura ganiava le election presidential de 1848, sed Fillmore habeva pauc influentia intra le administration de Taylor e esseva in grande parte excludite del decesiones politic del presidente. Como presidente del Senato, totevia, ille presideva debates de plus in plus acerbe concernente le sclavitude in le territorios acquirite post le Guerra Mexico-American. Taylor moriva subitemente in julio 1850, e Fillmore le succedeva como presidente. Al contrario de Taylor, qui habeva resistite a partes del compromisso congressional proponite per Henry Clay, Fillmore appoiava le legislation que eventualmente deveniva le Compromisso de 1850. Ille reimplaciava le major parte del cabinete de Taylor e laborava con le Congresso pro decretar le compromisso como un serie de mesuras separate. == Presidentia == Le Compromisso de 1850 tentava resolver plure disputas resultante del expansion del Statos Unite. California entrava in le Union como un stato libere, dum le questiones territorial concernente New Mexico e Utah esseva lassate in grande parte a lor residentes. Le accordo anque resolveva un disputa de frontieras inter Texas e le governamento federal e aboliva le commercio de sclavos, ben que non le sclavitude ipse, in Washington, D.C. Su componente plus controversial esseva le Lege de Sclavos Fugitive, que rinforsava le application federal in le recuperation de personas sclavisate qui habeva escapate a statos libere. Fillmore considerava le application del Lege de Sclavos Fugitive como un obligation constitutional, mesmo si le mesura provocava un intense opposition in le Nord. Su position adjutava a preservar le resolution sectional temporari, sed alienava multe Whigs antisclavista e approfundava le divisiones intra su partito. Su administration anque se occupava de affaires estranier, includente effortios pro expander le accesso commercial american a Japon, resistentia al ambitiones europee in Hawaii, e difficultates causate per aventureros american qui tentava lancear expeditiones non autorisate contra Cuba. Le divisiones interne del Partito Whig super le sclavitude damnificava le prospectos politic de Fillmore. Ille cercava le nomination presidential del partito in 1852, sed perdeva contra Winfield Scott, de qui le campania esseva infructuose contra le democrata Franklin Pierce. Fillmore pro lo tanto lassava le officio in 1853 sin obtener un secunde termino. Le Whigs bentosto collapsava como un organisation politic national, in grande parte proque illes non poteva plus continer lor positiones conflictive super le sclavitude. == Vita posterior e legato politic == Post su presidentia, Fillmore se associava con le Partito American, communmente cognoscite como le movimento Know Nothing, que accentuava le opposition al immigration e al influentia politic catholic. In le election presidential de 1856, ille esseva le candidato del partito e tentava presentar se como un defensor del unitate national in loco de concentrar se grandemente sur su politicas nativista. Ille finiva post le democrata James Buchanan e le republicano John C. Frémont. Durante le Guerra Civil, Fillmore se opponeva al secession e appoiava le preservation del Union, ben que ille criticava le politicas de guerra de Abraham Lincoln. Post le guerra, ille appoiava le approcha del presidente Andrew Johnson al Reconstruction. Fillmore remaneva active in le affaires civic de Buffalo e adjutava a establir lo que deveniva le Universitate de Buffalo. Ille moriva in Buffalo le 8 de martio 1874, al etate de 74 annos. Su reputation historic ha generalmente essite disfavorable, particularmente a causa de su appoio al Lege de Sclavos Fugitive e su gestion del crise del sclavitude. Nonobstante, le Compromisso de 1850 postponeva temporarimente un confrontation sectional que deveniva de plus in plus difficile a continer. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} jwfbbvzdg0qvnrfyxtvb8zkdtb4etuz 0 33867 699925 574591 2026-09-12T21:17:24Z Interlingvisto 60932 699925 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Franklin Pierce''' (1804–1869) esseva le 14te presidente del Statos Unite, qui serviva de 1853 a 1857. Un democrata de New Hampshire e ancian advocato, membro del Congresso, senator e officiero del armea, Pierce entrava in le presidentia como un candidato de compromisso de qui on expectava que ille mantenerea le unitate inter le democratas del nord e del sud. In cambio, su administration deveniva progressivemente identificate con politicas pro-sudista in un momento quando le conflicto super le sclavitude distabilisava le politica american. Su appoio al Acto Kansas-Nebraska e le application del Lege de Sclavos Fugitive contribueva substantialmente al collapso de su popularitate, particularmente in le Nord. Pierce proveniva de un familia de New Hampshire politicamente prominente e attingeva successo in le politica del stato e national a un juvene etate. Ille serviva in le Camera de Representantes e in le Senato del Statos Unite ante de demissionar del Senato in 1842 e retornar al advocatia. Durante le Guerra Mexico-American, ille serviva como general de brigada e ganiava recognoscentia pro su participation in le campania que capturava le Citate de Mexico. Le democratas postea lo seligeva como lor candidato presidential in 1852, quando su relative mancantia de forte compromissos sectional lo faceva un alternativa attractive a candidatos plus divisive. == Juventute e cariera politica == Pierce nasceva le 23 de novembre 1804 in Hillsborough, New Hampshire, filio de Benjamin Pierce, un prominente politico democratic e ancian guvernator. Ille studiava al Bowdoin College, ubi ille developpava amicitates durabile con figuras que includeva le scriptor Nathaniel Hawthorne, e plus tarde ille studiava derecto. Admittite al exercitio del advocatia in New Hampshire in 1827, ille establiva un succedite practica legal mentre ille deveniva progressivemente active in le politica democratic. Ille entrava in le legislatura del stato in 1829 e deveniva presidente del Camera de New Hampshire a solmente 27 annos de etate. In 1833 Pierce entrava in le Camera de Representantes del Statos Unite e esseva eligite al Senato quatro annos plus tarde. Ille generalmente appoiava le politicas democratic associate con Andrew Jackson e Martin Van Buren, includente le opposition al poter financiari concentrate e un forte compromisso con le unitate del partito. Ille demissionava del Senato in 1842 e retornava a New Hampshire, ubi ille continuava a praticar le derecto e deveniva un figura principal in le Partito Democratic del stato. Su cariera politica esseva interrumpite per le Guerra Mexico-American, durante le qual ille se offereva como voluntario pro le servicio militar e eventualmente ascendeva a general de brigada. == Election de 1852 == Le Partito Democratic entrava in le election presidential de 1852 profundemente dividite super le sclavitude e le question del expansion territorial. Post que numerose scrutinios falleva in producer un favorito clar, le convention se turnava a Pierce como un candidato de compromisso acceptabile pro le factiones in conflicto. Ille e su candidato a vice-presidente, William R. King, vinceva le lista whig encapiteate per Winfield Scott per un grande margine. Le victoria de Pierce reflecteva tanto le fortia democratic como le crescente difficultate del Whigs in mantener le unitate super le sclavitude. Le vita personal de Pierce esseva marcate per le tragedia. Ille e su sposa, Jane, habeva tres filios, totes le quales moriva juvene. Lor filio supervivente, Benjamin, moriva in un accidente ferroviari in januario 1853, dum le familia viagiava al inauguration presidential. Le evento affectava profundemente ambe parentes, e Jane Pierce luctava con le dolor e un salute debile durante tote le presidentia de Pierce. == Presidentia == Pierce assumeva le cargo cercante preservar le unitate democratic national dum ille promoveva un vision expansionista a vices associate con le movimento cognoscite como «Young America». Su administration promoveva le expansion territorial e commercial, e le Statos Unite acquireva un area substantial de Mexico per medio del Compra de Gadsden. Pierce etiam appoiava effortios pro expander le influentia american in le Caribe e cercava acquirer Cuba ab Espania, ben que iste effortios ultimemente falleva. Su administration negotiava accordos commercial con le Grande Britannia e Japon e introduceva reformas destinate a meliorar le organisation e le responsabilitate del departimentos federal. Le problema central del presidentia de Pierce esseva le conflicto escalante super le sclavitude. Su administration appoiava le Acto Kansas-Nebraska de 1854, le qual permitteva al colonos in ille territorios determinar le legalitate del sclavitude e effectivemente revocava le restrictiones del Compromisso de Missouri super le expansion del sclavitude. Le legislation declanchava un intense conflicto politic e violentia in Kansas, dum colonos pro-sclavitude e anti-sclavitude competeva pro le controlo. Le appoio de Pierce a iste mesura alienava multe democratas del Nord e adjutava a accelerar le collapso del Partito Whig e le emergentia del Partito Republican. Le administration de Pierce esseva etiam damnificate per le controverse Manifesto de Ostende, in le qual diplomatas american argumentava que le Statos Unite deberea acquirer Cuba, potentialmente per le fortia si Espania refusava vender lo. Ben que Pierce ipse non approbava formalmente tote le linguage del documento, illo reinfortiava le suspiciones del Nord de que su administration favoriva le expansion del sclavitude. Verso le election de 1856, Pierce habeva perdite multo del appoio de su partito e falleva in securar le nomination presidential democratic. James Buchanan esseva nominate in su loco e postea vinceva le election. == Vita posterior e legato == Post abandonar le cargo in 1857, Pierce retornava a New Hampshire e se retirava in grande parte del politica electoral. Durante le Guerra Civil, nonobstante, ille deveniva un critico vocal del administration de Abraham Lincoln e se opponeva a multe mesuras de guerra. Su sympathia verso le position del Sud damnificava plus ancora su reputation in le Nord, e ille deveniva progressivemente isolate de su ancian alliatos politic. Ille moriva in Concord, New Hampshire, le 8 de octobre 1869, al etate de 64 annos, post annos de declino de su salute. Le reputation historic de Pierce ha generalmente essite povre. Le historicos ha criticate particularmente su gestion del crise del sclavitude, argumentante que le appoio de su administration al Acto Kansas-Nebraska intensificava le conflicto sectional in loco de preservar le unitate national. Su presidentia, nihilominus, illustra le difficultates politic de tentar mantener un compromisso dum le sclavitude deveniva le thema dominante in le vita public american. Su politicas expansionista e initiativas diplomatic produceva alcun disveloppamentos durabile, sed illos esseva obumbrate per le violentia e le realiniamento politic que precedeva le Guerra Civil. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} l6xx5ce4w7qquv9wxdbmxi3297udju4 0 33872 699926 632543 2026-09-12T21:21:36Z Interlingvisto 60932 699926 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''James Abram Garfield''' (1831–1881) esseva le 20me presidente del Statos Unite, serviente de martio 1881 usque a su morte in septembre de ille anno. Un republicano de Ohio, Garfield esseva un inseniante, advocato, pastor, officiero del Armea del Union, e membro de longe data del Camera de Representantes del Statos Unite. Su presidentia durava solmente 199 dies, rendente lo un del plus curtes in le historia american. Ille esseva vulnerate per le colpo de un assassin in julio 1881 e moriva a causa de complicationes de su vulneres duo menses plus tarde. Garfield emergeva de circumstantias modeste pro devenir un influente politico national. Ille serviva in le Armea del Union durante le Guerra Civil, representava Ohio in le Congresso durante quasi duo decennios, e deveniva un prominente leader republicano. Su election como presidente sequeva un convention republican ferocemente disputate in 1880, in le qual Garfield emergeva como un candidato de compromisso inter factiones rival del partito. Ben que su administration esseva breve, su opposition al patronato politic e su defensa del reforma del servicio civil contribueva al cambiamentos que sequeva su morte. == Prime annos de vita, education e cariera militar == Garfield nasceva le 19 de novembre 1831 in le contato de Cuyahoga, Ohio, e esseva elevate in circumstantias modeste post que su patre moriva quando ille esseva ancora un infante. Ille laborava in varie travalios como juvene dum prosequeva su education. Ille frequentava le Western Reserve Eclectic Institute, plus tarde cognoscite como Hiram College, e se diplomava al Williams College in 1856. Posteriormente, ille inseniava materias classic e deveniva presidente del schola de Ohio a Hiram. Su cariera academic stabiliva su reputation como un erudito e orator public de capacitate insolite. Garfield entrava in le politica como republicano e esseva elegite al Senato de Ohio in 1859. Quando le Guerra Civil comenciava, ille appoiava le preservation del Union e entrava in le servicio militar. Como officiero del Union, ille commandava truppas in Kentucky e ganiava recognition post su victoria in le Battalia de Middle Creek in 1862. Plus tarde, ille serviva in le statos major de commandantes senior del Union e finalmente attingeva le rango de major general. Su cariera militar finiva quando ille entrava in le Congresso, sed su servicio in tempo de guerra deveniva un parte importante de su reputation politic. == Cariera congressional == Garfield esseva elegite al Camera de Representantes del Statos Unite in 1862 e comenciava a servir in 1863. Ille remaneva in le Congresso durante novem mandatos, deveniente un del legislatores principal del Partito Republican. Su opiniones politic generalmente appoiava le Reconstruction, le protection federal del derectos civil del afroamericanos, e un forte governamento national. Ille etiam prendeva positiones prominente super le tarifas, le politica monetari e le finanzas federal. Su cariera congressional non esseva exente de controversia. Le nomine de Garfield deveniva associate con le scandalo de Crédit Mobilier, ben que le provas concernente su implication personal esseva disputate, e ille etiam faceva fronte a criticas super le legislation de salarios congressional. Malgrado iste controversias, ille remaneva un republicano influente e deveniva un figura clave in le Camera. Verso le fin del annos 1870, ille esseva de plus in plus considerate como un potential leader national e serviva como un importante defensor politic de Rutherford B. Hayes. == Election de 1880 e presidentia == Le Partito Republican esseva profundemente dividite durante le processo de nomination presidential de 1880. Le senator James G. Blaine, le senator John Sherman, e le ancian presidente Ulysses S. Grant representava factiones rival, dum Garfield initialmente appoiava Sherman. Post un convention prolongate, Garfield ipse emergeva como le candidato de compromisso. Ille seligeva Chester A. Arthur, un republicano de New York associate con le faction Stalwart (orientate al patronato) del partito, como su companiero de formula. Garfield vinceva per un stricte margine le democrata Winfield Scott Hancock in le election general. Como presidente, Garfield cercava reducer le influentia del patronato politic e ducer le governamento federal verso un systema plus basate super le merito. Su efortios lo portava a un conflicto con potente factiones republican, particularmente le senator Roscoe Conkling e altere Stalwarts qui expectava le controlo super le nominationes federal. Garfield etiam prosequeva politicas concernente le derectos civil, le education, le finanzas federal e le modernisation del Marina. Su administration habeva pauc opportunitate de disveloppar se plenmente a causa del crise que sequeva bentosto. == Assassinato e morte == Le 2 de julio 1881, minus de qvatro menses post su inauguration, Garfield esseva attingite per un colpo de pistola in un station de ferrovia de Washington, D.C., tirate per Charles J. Guiteau, un aspirante a un posto public mentalmente instabile qui credeva que Garfield le debeva un nomination governamental. Un balla attingeva Garfield superficialmente, dum un altere se logiava in su corpo. Ille superviveva durante plus de duo menses, sed le sondages medic repetite del vulnere contribueva a un infection grave e al deterioration de su sanitate. Alexander Graham Bell mesmo tentava localisar le balla usante un dispositivo electric experimental, sed le efortio esseva infructuose. Garfield esseva finalmente transferite a un residentia costari in Elberon, New Jersey, ubi ille moriva le 19 de septembre 1881, al etate de 49 annos. Le vice-presidente Chester A. Arthur le succedeva. Guiteau esseva condemnate pro homicidio e executate in 1882. Le assassinato de Garfield intensificava le preoccupation public super le systema de patronato, e le Congresso postea promulgava le Lege Pendleton de Reforma del Servicio Civil in 1883, stabiliente un approche plus basate super le merito pro multe nominationes federal. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} p1pjey0acfvv3irhixfucdn4buhmti9 0 33873 699927 574570 2026-09-12T21:25:08Z Interlingvisto 60932 699927 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Chester Alan Arthur''' (1829–1886) esseva le vintesim-prime presidente del Statos Unite, serviente de 1881 a 1885. Un republicano de New York, ille deveniva presidente post le assassinato de James A. Garfield, habente previemente servite como le vice-presidente de Garfield. Arthur entrava in le Casa Blanc con forte ligamines al systema de patronato republican, sed su presidentia deveniva inexpectatemente associate con le reforma del servicio civil, le modernisation del governamento federal, e un grande expansion del Marina del Statos Unite. Arthur nasceva in Vermont e esseva elevate in un familia formate per le cariera de su patre como ministro baptista e abolitionista. Post graduar se in Union College e studiar derecto, ille establiva un succedite practica legal in le citate de New York. Su prime travalio legal includeva casos concernente le derectos civil de afroamericanos e le opposition al sclavitude. Plus tarde, ille deveniva profundemente implicate in le politica republican de New York e ascendeva intra le organisation controlate per le senator Roscoe Conkling, deveniente finalmente collector del Porto de New York. == Prime annos e cariera legal == Arthur nasceva le 5 de octobre 1829 in Fairfield, Vermont, e passava un grande parte de su infantia movente se inter communitates in Vermont e New York a causa del travalio de su patre. Ille attendeva Union College, ubi ille developpava un interesse pro le politica e le debato, graduante se in 1848. Post inseniar durante plure annos, ille studiava derecto e esseva admittite al baro de New York in 1854. Posteriormente, ille se iongeva a un firma de advocatos in le citate de New York e construeva un reputation per medio de casos concernente le derectos civil e le abolition. Como juvene advocato, Arthur participava in le succedite efortio legal pro impedir que un sclavista de Virginia transportava personas sclavisate a transverso de New York, ubi le lege del stato prohibiva le sclavitude. Ille etiam representava Elizabeth Jennings Graham, un femina afroamerican qui habeva essite expulsate per fortia de un tramvia del citate de New York. Arthur ganiava le caso, lo que contribueva al eventual desegregation del systema de tramvias del citate. Su cariera legal, per consequente, includeva importante travalio ligate al equalitate racial ante su posterior association con le organisation politic republican. == Ascension in le politica republican de New York == Durante le Guerra Civil, Arthur serviva in le Militia de New York e occupava alte positiones administrative, includente le de quartiermastro general. Post le guerra, ille deveniva de plus in plus influential intra le Partito Republican de New York. Su fortuna politic esseva strectemente ligate a Roscoe Conkling, le lider del potente faction «Stalwart» del stato, que appoiava le systema traditional de distribuer cargos governamental per medio de patronato politic. In 1871, le presidente Ulysses S. Grant nominava Arthur collector del Porto de New York, un del cargos federal le plus importante politicmente in le pais. Le appoio de Arthur a Conkling lo portava in conflicto con le presidente Rutherford B. Hayes, qui cercava reducer le controlo politic super le nominationes federal. Hayes finalmente destitueva Arthur de su cargo de doana in 1878 como parte de su tentativa de debilitar le systema de patronato. Malgrado iste contratempo, Arthur remaneva un republicano influential. In le Convention National Republican de 1880, ille esseva seligite como le candidato a vice-presidente insimul con James A. Garfield, como parte de un efortio pro conciliar le factiones rival del partito. == Vice-presidentia e succession == Garfield e Arthur ganiava le election de 1880, sed lor association esseva politicmente complicate. Arthur representava le faction «Stalwart», dum Garfield esseva plus strectemente associate con le republicanos favorabile al reforma. Solmente pauc menses post prender possession de su cargo, Garfield esseva ferite per un colpo de pistola per Charles Guiteau, un assassino qui esseva frustrate per le systema de patronato e credeva que on le habeva refusate un cargo governamental. Garfield moriva in septembre 1881, e Arthur le succedeva como presidente. Le ascension de Arthur initialmente generava grande preoccupation a causa de su stricte ligamines con Conkling e le rete de patronato. Nonobstante, in loco de simplemente continuar le politicas associate con su ancian alliatos politic, Arthur adoptava gradualmente un approcha plus independente. Su administration appoiava le Lege Pendleton de Reforma del Servicio Civil de 1883, que introduceva examines competitive e un systema basate super le merito pro multe cargos federal. Iste legislation marcava un passo importante pro distantiar se del systema de spolios que habeva dominate le nominationes federal. == Presidentia == Le administration de Arthur prosequeva plure importante initiativas interne. Illo appoiava modificationes del tarifas, abordava le crescente superavit budgetari del governamento federal, e promoveva le modernisation del fortias armate. Le marina in particular subiva un transformation significative, con le construction de moderne naves de guerra de aciero que adjutava a jectar le bases pro le plus forte fortia naval american que emergeva in le decedes sequente. Arthur etiam nominava duo judices al Corte Supreme, Horace Gray e Samuel Blatchford. Le politica de immigration esseva un altere problema significative. Arthur signava le Lege de Immigration de 1882, que imponeva nove restrictiones federal al immigration, e post haber initialmente opponite su veto a un version plus severe del Lege de Exclusion de Chineses, ille signava un mesura revisate que suspendeva le immigration chinese durante dece annos. Su administration etiam applicava legislation que restringeva le entrata de certe gruppos considerate indeseirabile sub le politica federal de immigration de ille epocha. Iste mesuras reflecteva le crescente influentia del politicas de immigration exclusionista durante le periodo. Le presidentia de Arthur etiam includeva efortios pro abordar le derectos civil, le politica concernente le nativos american, e le affaires estranier, ben que iste areas recipeva minus attention sustenite que le reforma del servicio civil e le modernisation del governamento. Le approcha relativemente moderate e pragmatic de su administration le permitteva distantiar se de alcunes de su previe associationes politic. Malgrado su reputation como un producto del systema de patronato, su appoio al reforma surprendeva multe criticos de su tempore e alterava significativamente su reputation historic. == Vita posterior == Le sanitate de Arthur deteriorava durante su presidentia, e ille faceva solmente un efortio limitate pro securar le nomination republican pro le election de 1884. Ille quitava su cargo in martio 1885, succedite per le democrata Grover Cleveland. Arthur retornava al citate de New York e se retirava in grande parte del vita public. Ille moriva ibi le 18 de novembre 1886, al etate de 57 annos {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} e9jr4ppz7i5vwnbey4fqkvgd8znxhjl 0 33878 699928 574833 2026-09-12T21:28:52Z Interlingvisto 60932 699928 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''William Howard Taft''' (1857–1930) esseva le 27me presidente del Statos Unite, serviente de 1909 a 1913, e plus tarde le 10me presidente del Corte Supreme del Statos Unite de 1921 usque a 1930. Ille remane le unic persona qui ha occupate ambe officios. Un republicano de Ohio, Taft esseva formate como advocato e judice e occupava numerose cargos governamental ante de entrar in le Casa Blanc. Su cariera esseva characterisate per un forte devotion al lege e al institutiones judicial, ben que su presidentia esseva marcate per conflictos intra le Partito Republicano e ultimamente finiva in un disfatta electoral. Taft esseva le filio de Alphonso Taft, un prominente advocato e official governamental, e esseva educate a Yale e al Schola de Derecto de Cincinnati. Ille deveniva judice a un juvene etate e plus tarde serviva como solicitator general, judice de appello federal, guvernator del Philippinas e secretario de guerra. Presidente Theodore Roosevelt considerava le como su successor preferite, adiutante Taft a securar le nomination republican in 1908. Post de abandonar le presidentia, Taft retornava al academia ante de attinger su ambition de longe data de junger se al Corte Supreme como presidente del Corte. == Prime annos e cariera legal == Taft nasceva in Cincinnati, Ohio, le 15 de septembre 1857. Su patre habeva servite como procurator general e secretario de guerra sub le presidente Ulysses S. Grant, dando al familia forte connexiones con le politica republican. Taft se diplomava a Yale in 1878 proxime al capite de su classe e recipeva su diploma de derecto del Schola de Derecto de Cincinnati in 1880. Ille entrava rapidemente in le servicio public e le derecto, deveniente un procurator assistente e plus tarde un judice in le Corte Superior de Cincinnati quando ille habeva ancora minus de trenta annos. Le ambitiones professional de Taft se centrava sur le poder judicial. In 1890, le presidente Benjamin Harrison nomineva le solicitator general, ubi ille representava le governamento federal ante le Corte Supreme e developpava un reputation de ratiocination legal meticulose. Duo annos plus tarde, Harrison nomineva le al Corte de Appellos del Statos Unite pro le Sexte Circuito. Taft frueva de su annos como judice federal e considerava un nomination al Corte Supreme como su ultime scopo professional. == Le Philippinas e secretario de guerra == Le cariera de Taft se orientava verso le governamento executive quando le presidente William McKinley nomineva le pro diriger le governamento civil del Philippinas in 1901. Ille laborava pro establir institutiones administrate per le statouniteses post le Guerra Philippino-American, emphaseante le education, le infrastructura, le disveloppamento economic e le preparation gradual pro un major autogovernamento. Ben que ille initialmente prefereva un cariera judicial, Taft deveniva de plus in plus influential in le politica national per su travalio in le Philippinas. Presidente Theodore Roosevelt nomineva Taft secretario de guerra in 1904. In ille position ille deveniva un del consiliatores le plus fidi de Roosevelt e gereva affaires militar assi como plure aspectos del administration statounitense de ultramar. Taft viagiava repetitemente al estraniero in missiones diplomatic e se implicava profundemente in le initiativas de politica externe de Roosevelt. Roosevelt subsequentemente promoveva le como le successor republican natural a su presidentia. == Election e presidentia == Taft ganiava le nomination republican in 1908 con le appoio de Roosevelt e vinceva confortabilmente le democrata William Jennings Bryan in le election general. Su administration continuava alicun elementos del programma de reforma de Roosevelt, sed generalmente adoptava un approche plus legalista e conservative. Le governamento de Taft prosequeva accusationes antitrust, appoiava le conservation in alicun areas e laborava pro rinforsar le regulation federal, dum cercava tamben modificationes in le tarifas e expandeva le relationes commercial international del nation. Le politica externe esseva un foco major del administration de Taft. Su governamento promoveva le investimento e le influentia economic statounitense al estraniero, un strategia frequentemente describite como "diplomatia del dollar". Taft prestava attention particular a America Latin e Asia Oriental, e esseva disposte a usar pression diplomatic o intervention militar pro proteger le interesses statounitense. Su administration tamben prosequeva relationes de commercio expandite e jocava un rolo in le negotiation de accordos international. == Division republican e le election de 1912 == Le presidentia de Taft deveniva de plus in plus tensionate per divisiones intra le Partito Republicano. Republicanos progressive criticava le pro politicas que illes considerava troppo favorabile al interesses commercial, dum Taft ipse se alineava de plus in plus con le ala conservative del partito. Disputas super le politica de conservation, particularmente le controversia Ballinger-Pinchot, damnificava su relation con le progressistas. Su politicas antitrust tamben le portava in conflicto con le ancian presidente Theodore Roosevelt, qui habeva expectate que Taft continuarea su proprie programma de reforma. Le desacuerdo inter Roosevelt e Taft culminava in le election presidential de 1912. Roosevelt defiava Taft pro le nomination republican, sed Taft controlava bastante del organisation del partito pro securar su renomination. Roosevelt tunc se presentava como candidato del Partito Progressista, dividente le voto republican. Le democrata Woodrow Wilson ganiava le election decisivemente, dum Taft ganiava solmente in Utah e Vermont. Le scission republican deveniva un del eventos politic definiente del election e contribueva al partita de Taft del presidentia post un sol mandato. == Presidente del Corte Supreme e ultime annos == Post de abandonar le Casa Blanc, Taft retornava a Yale e remaneva active in affaires public, includente sfortios pro promover le arbitration international e un systema plus forte pro prevenir le guerra. In 1921, le presidente Warren G. Harding nomineva le presidente del Corte Supreme del Statos Unite, finalmente dante a Taft le position judicial que ille habeva desirate de longe data. Como presidente del Corte Supreme, ille emphaseava le efficientia e le autoritate del cortes federal e appoiava reformas que reduceva le fardello de appellos obligatori del Corte Supreme. Iste sfortios contribueva al Lege de Judicatura de 1925, que expandeva significativamente le controlo del Corte super su rulo de causas. Le jurisprudentia de Taft esseva generalmente conservative sur questiones economic e governamental, sed su mandato tamben includeva decisiones concernente derectos individual e civil. Ille poneva un emphase considerabile sur le rinforsamento del independentia institutional e del efficientia administrative del poder judicial federal. Un sanitate debile ultimamente fortiava le a demitter se como presidente del Corte Supreme in februario 1930. Ille moriva in Washington, D.C., le 8 de martio 1930, e esseva sepelite in le Cemeterio National de Arlington, deveniente le prime presidente e le prime judice del Corte Supreme interrate ibi. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} jgt16jw4ou7t68whpfxdtx9knrerc7u 0 33882 699929 629920 2026-09-12T21:30:31Z Interlingvisto 60932 699929 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Herbert Clark Hoover''' (1874–1964) esseva le 31me presidente del Statos Unite, qui serviva de 1929 a 1933. Como republicano, ingeniero, homine de affaceres, humanitario e administrator governamental, Hoover deveniva cognoscite internationalmente pro organisar effortios de succurso a grande scala ante de entrar in le politica national. Su presidentia comenciava durante un periodo de prosperitate economic, sed ille esseva bentosto submerge per le Grande Depression, que sequeva le collapso del borsa de 1929. Le responsa de su administration al crise deveniva le characteristica definente de su presidentia e contribueva a su derrota per Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932. Hoover nasceva in West Branch, Iowa, le 10 de augusto 1874, e deveniva orphan a un juvene etate. Ille studiava al Universitate de Stanford, ubi ille se graduava in 1895 con un diploma ligate al geologia e al minas. Su prime cariera como ingeniero de minas le portava a transverso le mundo e le apportava un ricchessa considerabile. Plus tarde, ille deveniva prominente per su travalio humanitari, particularmente su effortios pro fornir alimentos a civiles affectate per le Prime Guerra Mundial e su consequentias. == Prime annos e cariera de ingenieria == Hoover cresceva in un familia de quakeres e esseva elevate per parentes post le morte de ambe su genitores. In Stanford ille studiava geologia e developpava le expertisa technic que formava su prime vita professional. Post su graduation, ille travaliava como ingeniero de minas e consultor in plure paises, deveniente in fin un dirigente minier de successo international. Su cariera le dava un vaste experientia in gestion industrial, financias international e organisation a grande scala. Le reputation de Hoover se expandeva ultra le minas quando ille se implicava in le succurso humanitari. Durante le Prime Guerra Mundial, ille dirigeva le Commission pro Succurso in Belgica, coordinante le livration de alimentos a milliones de civiles in territorio occupate per Germania. Post que le Statos Unite entrava in le guerra, le Presidente Woodrow Wilson le nominava pro diriger le Administration de Alimentos del Statos Unite, ubi ille organisava effortios de conservation e de production de alimentos. Su habilitates administrative faceva de ille un figura public recognoscite a nivello national. == Travalio humanitari e Secretario de Commercio == Post le guerra, Hoover continuava a diriger programmas de succurso international per medio del Administration de Succurso American. Iste effortios forniva alimentos e altere assistentia a populationes que suffreva de fame e de disruption economic in Europa e in altere locos. Su reputation humanitari adjutava a distinguer le de politicos conventional e contribueva a su imagine de administrator efficiente e non-partisan. In 1921, le Presidente Warren G. Harding nominava Hoover como secretario de commercio, un position que ille manteneva sub Calvin Coolidge. Hoover expandeva grandemente le influentia del departamento e promoveva le cooperation inter le governamento e le industria. Ille supportava le developpamento del aviation, del radio, del transporto, del normas industrial e de altere technologias emergente. Su rolo in le coordination del succurso durante le devastante inundation del fluvio Mississippi in 1927 augmentava ancora plus su popularitate national e adjutava a stabilir le como un principal candidato presidential republican. == Presidentia e le Grande Depression == Hoover ganiava le election presidential de 1928 per un grande margine, promittente un prosperitate continue e un governamento efficiente. Ille assumeva le cargo in martio 1929 con un reputation de competentia technic e habilitate organisational. Nonobstante, intra pauc menses, le borsa de valores collapsava. Le crise financiari se developpava in un depression economic multo plus vaste, characterisate per fallimentos de bancas, clauduras de interprendas, cadita de precios e un disoccupation extraordinariemente alte. Initialmente, Hoover favoriva le cooperation voluntari inter le governamento, le interprendas, le organisationes de caritate e le autoritates local, in loco de un succurso federal directe al individuos. Tamen, a mesura que le conditiones deteriorava, su administration expandeva le implication federal. Illo supportava grande projectos de ovras public e creava le Corporation de Financiamento de Reconstruction pro fornir assistentia financiari a bancas, ferrovias e altere institutiones. Hoover anque signava mesuras que augmentava le tarifas e le receptas federal, sed iste effortios faliava in reverter le Depression. Le crise economic damnificava severmente le position politic de Hoover. Le limitate assistentia directe del governamento al americanos disoccupate duceeva multe criticos a depinger le como indifferente al suffrentia, dum eventos como le expulsion fortiate del "Bonus Army" de veteranos del Prime Guerra Mundial ex Washington in 1932 damnificava ancora plus su reputation. In le election presidential de ille anno, le democrata Franklin D. Roosevelt vinceva Hoover de maniera decisive, promittente un responsa federal substantialmente plus vaste al emergentia economic. == Vita posterior == Post de abandonar le cargo in 1933, Hoover remaneva active in le affaceres public e deveniva un del criticos plus prominente del "New Deal" de Roosevelt. Ille argumentava que le expansion del poter federal minaciava le initiativa individual e le limites constitutional. Malgrado su opposition politic a Roosevelt, Hoover retornava plus tarde al servicio public. Le Presidentes Harry S. Truman e Dwight D. Eisenhower le nominava pro commissiones concernite con le reorganisation e le melioration del governamento federal. Hoover moriva in le citate de New York le 20 de octobre 1964, al etate de 90 annos. Su reputation historic ha essite fortemente influentiate per su presidentia durante le Grande Depression, e ille ha frequentemente essite classificate a un nivello basse in le sondages de presidentes american. Nonobstante, su cariera ante e post le Casa Blanca presenta un imagine plus complexe. Su realisationes como ingeniero de minas, humanitario international, administrator e organisator del reforma del governamento federal esseva substantial, faciente de Hoover un figura importante de qui le reputation se extende multo ultra le crise economic que definiva su presidentia. {{Presidentes del Statos Unite de America}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoover, Herbert}} [[Categoria:Gente statounitese]] [[Categoria:Presidentes del Statos Unite]] {{Pecietta|biographia|politica}} o5o3tgo9ql11oy2aw8jtsvpu0lu0x3a 0 33992 699904 694336 2026-09-12T20:39:58Z Interlingvisto 60932 699904 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Ardeche''' es un [[departimento de Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 8sa7z3mzvach8wqdf2ex4jojun8k566 0 33998 699897 633752 2026-09-12T20:32:57Z Interlingvisto 60932 699897 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Basse Rheno''' ({{in lingua|fr|'''Bas-Rhin'''}}) es un [[departimentos de Francia|departimento]] de [[Francia]], parte del [[regiones de Francia|region]] de [[Grande Est]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] {{pecietta|geographia}} hgovbrtw8awurzjqw335j8c7e7fqhpc 0 34001 699893 677003 2026-09-12T20:32:20Z Interlingvisto 60932 699893 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Cantal''' es un [[departimentos de Francia|departimento]] de [[Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} {{commonscat|Cantal}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] adpzruu2bxla4gv62a9r5te74p5jmns 0 34013 699905 694341 2026-09-12T20:40:13Z Interlingvisto 60932 699905 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Drome''' es un [[departimento de Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] ks8eal7rfq4o4uwnauikx951rgw9nhs 0 34023 699908 693673 2026-09-12T20:40:28Z Interlingvisto 60932 699908 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Haute-Loire''' es un [[departimento de Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 748i96j5dkhd205tmtkp9imlqmrv4c7 0 34026 699899 669795 2026-09-12T20:33:28Z Interlingvisto 60932 699899 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Alte Saône''' es un [[departimentos de Francia|departimento]] de [[Francia]]. {{commonscat|Haute-Saône}} {{pecietta|geographia}} {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 6zpx6doq9nnhi4cm1e9bu891clehl5w 0 34030 699898 669804 2026-09-12T20:33:11Z Interlingvisto 60932 699898 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Alte Rheno''' ({{in lingua|fr|'''Haut-Rhin'''}}) es un [[departimentos de Francia|departimento]] de [[Francia]], parte del [[regiones de Francia|region]] de [[Grande Est]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Alte Rheno]] [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] {{pecietta|geographia}} ggtzr0e2b9sn52xef9td99ax57wh1gr 0 34036 699906 693631 2026-09-12T20:40:17Z Interlingvisto 60932 699906 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Departimento de Isere'''{{linfo}} es un [[departimento de Francia]]. Le capital es [[Grenoble]]. {{refer}} {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] p7ikteqfocwhsfir3i0ik0kz9wnym3o 0 34039 699907 693657 2026-09-12T20:40:23Z Interlingvisto 60932 699907 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Loire''' es un [[departimento de Francia]] in le region [[Auvernia-Rhodano-Alpes]]. Ille es limitrophe del [[Departimento Rhone]], [[Departimento Isere]], [[Departimento Ardeche]], [[Departimento Haute-Loire]], [[Departimento Puy-de-Dome]], [[Departimento Allier]] et [[Departimento Saone-et-Loire]]. Ille ha 757 305 habitantes (in 2014) con 326 communes. Il es un departimento satis parve de 4 773 km². Su capitales esseva successivemente [[Feurs]] de 1793 a 1795 ; [[Montbrison]] de 1795 a 1855 ; [[Saint-Étienne]] depost 1855. Le urbes principale, ultra le capital, sont [[Montbrison]] et [[Roanne]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 1a7u43dcj8thlzly0fo972nlr11x3em 0 34040 699895 678689 2026-09-12T20:32:31Z Interlingvisto 60932 699895 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Loire-Atlantique''' es un [[Departimentos de Francia|departimento]] de [[Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} {{Pecietta|geographia}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] kwtcwlcsa43ajwckm15ywawpfxq05nr 0 34042 699894 676995 2026-09-12T20:32:26Z Interlingvisto 60932 699894 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Loir-et-Cher''' es un [[departimentos de Francia|departimento]] de [[Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} {{commonscat|Loir-et-Cher}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] sae5k5exbo2hqphks0hb6ueffrhwyg4 0 34045 699909 693646 2026-09-12T20:40:34Z Interlingvisto 60932 699909 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Lozere''' es un [[departimento de Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 99l6po2v6glzrysu3pw0l8tgb0bj9jd 0 34046 699896 676114 2026-09-12T20:32:37Z Interlingvisto 60932 699896 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Maine-et-Loire''' es un [[departimento de Francia]] in le [[Regiones de Francia|region]] de [[Pays de la Loire]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] do24togpfqx6mag2ljow77k7d9v9dfx 0 34064 699914 680277 2026-09-12T20:41:06Z Interlingvisto 60932 699914 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Var''' es un [[departimentos de Francia|departimento]] de [[Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] bf9zju77hz24adp8z999hz31r9i1mdt 0 34074 699913 693652 2026-09-12T20:41:01Z Interlingvisto 60932 699913 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Savoie''' es un [[departimento de Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 1tw0h12u1raze7ypv62n4bidjo9bu00 0 34076 699912 693659 2026-09-12T20:40:56Z Interlingvisto 60932 699912 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Saona e Loira''' (in francese: ''Saône-et-Loire'') es un [[departimento de Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] fsdio9e2yv9l0fyx4sd1u32cmeijkhi 0 34082 699911 694338 2026-09-12T20:40:50Z Interlingvisto 60932 699911 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox entitate territorial administrative}} '''Departimento de Rhone''' es un [[departimento de Francia]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] 00fa0zqzwklrym65ej0eiswu2zb2b7e 0 34829 699945 670005 2026-09-13T00:45:48Z Inge Walter 52056 Correction orthographic minor. 699945 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} Le '''Fluvio Jalne''' (in [[lingua chinese]]: ''Huáng Hé'' 黃河^T／黄河^S) es le secunde fluvio le plus longe de [[China]], post le [[Fluvio Azur]]. Illo nasce in le plateau tibetan, in le [[provincia de Qinghai]], e flue a transverso de septe provincias e duo regiones autonome, terminante in le [[Mar de Bohai]]. Le Fluvio Jalne debe su nomine al grande quantitate de sedimento mineral que illo contine, le qual da un color bruno-jalnastre characteristic a su aquas. [[Categoria:Fluvios]] {{pecietta|geographia}} n88nxutr2clr05oio172s6m2srki711 0 36960 699970 577337 2026-09-13T09:14:42Z Interlingvisto 60932 699970 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/biota}} Le '''mustela a cauda longe''' (''Neogale frenata'') es un parve mammifero carnivore del familia Mustelidae, trovate in le major parte de America del Nord, Central e del Sud. Anteriormente classificate como ''Mustela frenata'', illo es strectemente ligate al armenio, sed es un specie distincte que evolveva in America del Nord. Su characteristic corpore longe e svelte, gambas curte, cauda elongate e le extremitate nigre del cauda lo rende facilemente recognoscibile. Le specie es actualmente classificate como "Preoccupation Minime" per le UICN.<ref name="MDD">American Society of Mammalogists, ''Mammal Diversity Database'', ''Neogale frenata''.</ref><ref name="IUCN">International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ''Neogale frenata'', Red List assessment.</ref><ref name="NPS">U.S. National Park Service, ''Long-tailed Weasel''.</ref> == Taxonomia e evolution == Le specie esseva formalmente describite per Hinrich Lichtenstein in 1831 sub le nomine ''Mustela frenata''.<ref name="ITIS">Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), ''Neogale frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831)''.</ref> Un studio taxonomic de 2021 lo placiava in le genere ''Neogale'', conjunctemente con plure altere species anteriormente includite in ''Mustela'' o ''Neovison''.<ref name="Patterson2021">Patterson, B. D., Ramírez-Chaves, H. E., Vilela, J. F., Soares, A. E. R. & Grewe, F. (2021). ''On the nomenclature of the American clade of weasels (Carnivora: Mustelidae)''. Journal of Animal Diversity, 3(2): 1–8. DOI: 10.29252/JAD.2021.3.2.1.</ref> Su historia evolutive remonta a plure milliones de annos, con le moderne mustela a cauda longe disveloppante se in America del Nord approximativemente duo milliones de annos retro. Su corpore elongate pare haber evolvite in parte como un adaptation pro persequer rodentes a transverso de luras e tunnels subterranee. Le mustela a cauda longe es superficialmente simile al armenio, le qual evolveva independentemente un forma de corpore comparabile in Eurasia. Le duo species remaneva geographicamente separate usque periodos de plus basse de nivello del mar exponeva le ponte terrestre de Bering, permittente al armenios intrar in America del Nord. Le mustela a cauda longe ipse non se expandeva in Eurasia. == Description == Illo es inter le plus grande mustelas american, ben que le talia del corpore varia considerabilemente inter populationes e sexos. Le masculos es generalmente plus grande que le feminas e pote pesar approximativemente le duple. Le animal ha un capite stricte, parve aures rotundate, longe vibrissas, gambas curte, e un cauda que pote approximar se al medietate del longitude combinate del capite e del corpore. Su pilage de estate es normalmente brun in alto con un parte inferior albescente o flavescente, dum le populationes del nord disveloppa un pilage de hiberno predominantemente blanc. Le cauda conserva su extremitate nigre in ambe saisones.<ref name="NPS"/><ref name="ADW">Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, ''Mustela frenata (long-tailed weasel)''.</ref> Le specie muda su pilage duo vices per anno, con mutationes in le pilage controlate in grande parte per le cambios saisonal in le lumine del die. Illo possede tamben glandulas odorifere anal ben disveloppate que produce un forte odor muscate. In loco de spruzzar iste secretion como un mofeta, le mustela lo deposita per frotter o traher su corpore sur superficies, usante le marcation olfactori pro le communication territorial e como un responsa a menacias.<ref name="NPS"/><ref name="ADW"/> == Habitat e distribution == Le mustelas a cauda longe occupa un vaste gamma de ambientes, includente forestas caducifolie e de coniferas, areas boscose, zonas de arbustos, e habitats que se extende desde le nivello del mar usque a pratos alpin. Illos generalmente favori locos que offere un dense copertura e accesso a predas, dum illos tende a evitar extense areas agricole aperte e ambientes multo sic. Lor dependentia de parcellas connectite de habitat conveniente pote render los vulnerabile al fragmentation del habitat.<ref name="ADW"/><ref name="NPS"/> Le specie es in grande parte solitari e mantene un dominio vital que pote comprender plure hectares. Illo se refugia communmente in luras abandonate originalmente excavate per rodentes e altere parve mammiferos, ben que illo pote tamben usar spatios sub truncos de arbores o cumulos de roccas. Le cameras de nido es revestite de vegetation e del pilo de predas.<ref name="ADW"/> == Comportamento e reproduction == Le mustelas a cauda longe es principalmente predatores solitari. Illos se accopula generalmente durante le estate, sed le implantation del ovo fertilisate es retardate usque al primavera sequente. Iste adaptation reproductive produce un periodo de gestation effective de circa dece menses, dum le disveloppamento embryonic real occupa solmente le ultime septimanas. Le feminas generalmente pare in april o maio a nidadas de circa cinque a octo juveniles.<ref name="ADW"/> Le juveniles nascece cec, quasi sin pilo, e extrememente parve, sed se disveloppa rapidemente. Illos acquire pilage intra pauc septimanas, aperi lor oculos a circa cinque septimanas, e tosto comencia a compagnar lor matre durante le chassa. Verso le autumno illos es completemente disveloppate e le gruppo familial se dispersa. Le feminas pote attinger le maturitate sexual intra lor prime anno, dum le masculos matura plus tarde.<ref name="ADW"/> == Dieta e predatores == Le mustelas a cauda longe es un carnivore obligate cuje dieta consiste principalmente de rodentes. Mus, rattos, sciuros, tamias, musaraneas, talpas e conilios es inter su predas principal, ben que illo pote tamben capturar aves, ovos, reptiles, amphibios, pisces, insectos e altere parve animales. Illo es un chassator energetic e aggressive, capace de occider predas considerabilemente plus grande que se ipse. Le mammiferos plus parve es frequentemente occidite con un morsura al capite, dum le predas plus grande es attaccate circa le collo.<ref name="ADW"/><ref name="NPS"/> Le specie ipse es predate per numerose carnivores plus grande e aves de preda, includente vulpes, coyotes, lupos, lynxes rubie, lynxes, falcones, striges e alicun serpentes. Quando illo es menaciate, illo pote escalar arbores o remaner immobile in un position elevate. Su conspicue extremitate nigre del cauda pote tamben deviar le attention de un predator de su corpore, potentialmente dante al mustela un opportunitate de escappar.<ref name="NPS"/> == Subspecies e significantia cultural == Historicamente, numerose formas geographic del mustela a cauda longe ha essite recognoscite; le articulo lista 42 subspecies sub le classification traditional. Iste populationes differe in talia, coloration, marcas facial e proportiones del cauda, e occurre in le major parte del extense area de distribution del specie.<ref name="MSW3">Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (eds.), ''Mammal Species of the World'', 3rd edition, account for ''Mustela frenata''.</ref><ref name="ITIS-subspecies">Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), subordinate taxa of ''Neogale frenata''.</ref> Le animal ha tamben apparite in le traditiones cultural del populos indigene de America del Nord. In al minus un tradition documentate de Carolina del Nord, incontrar un mustela a cauda longe esseva considerate como un augurio infavorabile associate con un morte imminente. Plus amplemente, le specie es un importante predator de parve mammiferos e occupa un rolo ecologic significative in le ecosystemas ubi illo occurre.<ref name="cultura">Moerman, D. E., ''Native American Ethnobotany''; records concerning traditional interpretations of the long-tailed weasel.</ref><ref name="ADW"/> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Mustelas]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de America del Nord]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de America Central]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Canada]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Colombia]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Mexico]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Peru]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Biota de preoccupation minime de America del Nord]] [[Categoria:Biota de preoccupation minime de America del Sud]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos describite in 1831]] [[Categoria:Binomines de taxobox non recognoscite per le UICN]] [[Categoria:Taxones nominate per Hinrich Lichtenstein]] 2ee0m2lxdb52yz68z1r08m2scmgq8zf 699971 699970 2026-09-13T09:15:40Z Interlingvisto 60932 699971 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} {{Infobox/articulo/biota}} Le '''mustela a cauda longe''' (''Neogale frenata'') es un parve [[Mammiferos|mammifero]] carnivore del familia ''Mustelidae'', trovate in le major parte de [[America del Nord]], [[America Central|Central]] e del [[America del Sud|Sud]]. Anteriormente classificate como ''Mustela frenata'', illo es strectemente ligate al armenio, sed es un specie distincte que evolveva in America del Nord. Su characteristic corpore longe e svelte, gambas curte, cauda elongate e le extremitate nigre del cauda lo rende facilemente recognoscibile. Le specie es actualmente classificate como "Preoccupation Minime" per le UICN.<ref name="MDD">American Society of Mammalogists, ''Mammal Diversity Database'', ''Neogale frenata''.</ref><ref name="IUCN">International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), ''Neogale frenata'', Red List assessment.</ref><ref name="NPS">U.S. National Park Service, ''Long-tailed Weasel''.</ref> == Taxonomia e evolution == Le specie esseva formalmente describite per Hinrich Lichtenstein in 1831 sub le nomine ''Mustela frenata''.<ref name="ITIS">Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), ''Neogale frenata (Lichtenstein, 1831)''.</ref> Un studio taxonomic de 2021 lo placiava in le genere ''Neogale'', conjunctemente con plure altere species anteriormente includite in ''Mustela'' o ''Neovison''.<ref name="Patterson2021">Patterson, B. D., Ramírez-Chaves, H. E., Vilela, J. F., Soares, A. E. R. & Grewe, F. (2021). ''On the nomenclature of the American clade of weasels (Carnivora: Mustelidae)''. Journal of Animal Diversity, 3(2): 1–8. DOI: 10.29252/JAD.2021.3.2.1.</ref> Su historia evolutive remonta a plure milliones de annos, con le moderne mustela a cauda longe disveloppante se in America del Nord approximativemente duo milliones de annos retro. Su corpore elongate pare haber evolvite in parte como un adaptation pro persequer rodentes a transverso de luras e tunnels subterranee. Le mustela a cauda longe es superficialmente simile al armenio, le qual evolveva independentemente un forma de corpore comparabile in Eurasia. Le duo species remaneva geographicamente separate usque periodos de plus basse de nivello del mar exponeva le ponte terrestre de Bering, permittente al armenios intrar in America del Nord. Le mustela a cauda longe ipse non se expandeva in Eurasia. == Description == Illo es inter le plus grande mustelas american, ben que le talia del corpore varia considerabilemente inter populationes e sexos. Le masculos es generalmente plus grande que le feminas e pote pesar approximativemente le duple. Le animal ha un capite stricte, parve aures rotundate, longe vibrissas, gambas curte, e un cauda que pote approximar se al medietate del longitude combinate del capite e del corpore. Su pilage de estate es normalmente brun in alto con un parte inferior albescente o flavescente, dum le populationes del nord disveloppa un pilage de hiberno predominantemente blanc. Le cauda conserva su extremitate nigre in ambe saisones.<ref name="NPS"/><ref name="ADW">Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, ''Mustela frenata (long-tailed weasel)''.</ref> Le specie muda su pilage duo vices per anno, con mutationes in le pilage controlate in grande parte per le cambios saisonal in le lumine del die. Illo possede tamben glandulas odorifere anal ben disveloppate que produce un forte odor muscate. In loco de spruzzar iste secretion como un mofeta, le mustela lo deposita per frotter o traher su corpore sur superficies, usante le marcation olfactori pro le communication territorial e como un responsa a menacias.<ref name="NPS"/><ref name="ADW"/> == Habitat e distribution == Le mustelas a cauda longe occupa un vaste gamma de ambientes, includente forestas caducifolie e de coniferas, areas boscose, zonas de arbustos, e habitats que se extende desde le nivello del mar usque a pratos alpin. Illos generalmente favori locos que offere un dense copertura e accesso a predas, dum illos tende a evitar extense areas agricole aperte e ambientes multo sic. Lor dependentia de parcellas connectite de habitat conveniente pote render los vulnerabile al fragmentation del habitat.<ref name="ADW"/><ref name="NPS"/> Le specie es in grande parte solitari e mantene un dominio vital que pote comprender plure hectares. Illo se refugia communmente in luras abandonate originalmente excavate per rodentes e altere parve mammiferos, ben que illo pote tamben usar spatios sub truncos de arbores o cumulos de roccas. Le cameras de nido es revestite de vegetation e del pilo de predas.<ref name="ADW"/> == Comportamento e reproduction == Le mustelas a cauda longe es principalmente predatores solitari. Illos se accopula generalmente durante le estate, sed le implantation del ovo fertilisate es retardate usque al primavera sequente. Iste adaptation reproductive produce un periodo de gestation effective de circa dece menses, dum le disveloppamento embryonic real occupa solmente le ultime septimanas. Le feminas generalmente pare in april o maio a nidadas de circa cinque a octo juveniles.<ref name="ADW"/> Le juveniles nascece cec, quasi sin pilo, e extrememente parve, sed se disveloppa rapidemente. Illos acquire pilage intra pauc septimanas, aperi lor oculos a circa cinque septimanas, e tosto comencia a compagnar lor matre durante le chassa. Verso le autumno illos es completemente disveloppate e le gruppo familial se dispersa. Le feminas pote attinger le maturitate sexual intra lor prime anno, dum le masculos matura plus tarde.<ref name="ADW"/> == Dieta e predatores == Le mustelas a cauda longe es un carnivore obligate cuje dieta consiste principalmente de rodentes. Mus, rattos, sciuros, tamias, musaraneas, talpas e conilios es inter su predas principal, ben que illo pote tamben capturar aves, ovos, reptiles, amphibios, pisces, insectos e altere parve animales. Illo es un chassator energetic e aggressive, capace de occider predas considerabilemente plus grande que se ipse. Le mammiferos plus parve es frequentemente occidite con un morsura al capite, dum le predas plus grande es attaccate circa le collo.<ref name="ADW"/><ref name="NPS"/> Le specie ipse es predate per numerose carnivores plus grande e aves de preda, includente vulpes, coyotes, lupos, lynxes rubie, lynxes, falcones, striges e alicun serpentes. Quando illo es menaciate, illo pote escalar arbores o remaner immobile in un position elevate. Su conspicue extremitate nigre del cauda pote tamben deviar le attention de un predator de su corpore, potentialmente dante al mustela un opportunitate de escappar.<ref name="NPS"/> == Subspecies e significantia cultural == Historicamente, numerose formas geographic del mustela a cauda longe ha essite recognoscite; le articulo lista 42 subspecies sub le classification traditional. Iste populationes differe in talia, coloration, marcas facial e proportiones del cauda, e occurre in le major parte del extense area de distribution del specie.<ref name="MSW3">Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (eds.), ''Mammal Species of the World'', 3rd edition, account for ''Mustela frenata''.</ref><ref name="ITIS-subspecies">Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), subordinate taxa of ''Neogale frenata''.</ref> Le animal ha tamben apparite in le traditiones cultural del populos indigene de America del Nord. In al minus un tradition documentate de Carolina del Nord, incontrar un mustela a cauda longe esseva considerate como un augurio infavorabile associate con un morte imminente. Plus amplemente, le specie es un importante predator de parve mammiferos e occupa un rolo ecologic significative in le ecosystemas ubi illo occurre.<ref name="cultura">Moerman, D. E., ''Native American Ethnobotany''; records concerning traditional interpretations of the long-tailed weasel.</ref><ref name="ADW"/> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Mustelas]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de America del Nord]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de America Central]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Canada]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Colombia]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Mexico]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Peru]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Biota de preoccupation minime de America del Nord]] [[Categoria:Biota de preoccupation minime de America del Sud]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos describite in 1831]] [[Categoria:Binomines de taxobox non recognoscite per le UICN]] [[Categoria:Taxones nominate per Hinrich Lichtenstein]] otz2sjtc318qjvz79maz5yh3w57zqk3 0 36970 699983 639742 2026-09-13T11:01:21Z Interlingvisto 60932 699983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/biota}} Le '''lutra de pilage lise''' (''Lutrogale perspicillata'') es un lutra de aqua dulce native de Asia del Sud e del Sud-Est, con un population isolate in Iraq. Illo es un lutra relativemente grande, distinguite per su pilage curte e lise, capite rotundate e cauda plate. Le specie habita fluvios, lacos, zonas humide, paludes e risieras, e es particularmente associate con ambientes ubi aqua dulce e pisces abundante es disponibile. Illo es classificate como Vulnerabile sur le Lista Rubie del UICN a causa del destruction de habitat, pollution, chassa e le commercio illegal de fauna salvage.<ref name="IUCN">IUCN SSC Otter Specialist Group, ''Lutrogale perspicillata'', specie account. Le specie es classificate como Vulnerabile sur le Lista Rubie del UICN.<ref name="MSW">Wilson, D. E. & Reeder, D. M. (eds.), ''Mammal Species of the World'', 3rd edition, ''Lutrogale perspicillata''.</ref></ref> == Characteristicas e taxonomia == Le lutras de pilage lise generalmente pesa inter 7 e 11 kilogrammas e ha un longitude de capite e corpo de circa 59–64 cm, con un cauda que mesura altere 37–43 cm. Lor pilage varia de brun obscur a brun rubicunde sur le dorso e deveni plus clar al parte inferior. Fortes pedes palmate e ungulas acute los adjuta a capturar predas glissente, durante que lor caudas plate fureni propulsion e direction in le aqua. Le specie esseva describite scientificamente in 1826 e es le unic membro vivente del genere ''Lutrogale''. Tres subspecies regional es actualmente recognoscite.<ref name="NParks">National Parks Board Singapore, ''Lutrogale perspicillata'', description, ecologia e habitat.</ref><ref name="Phylo">Sivasothi et al., "Phylogeography of the smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata): distinct evolutionary lineages and hybridization with the Asian small-clawed otter", ''Scientific Reports'', 2017.</ref> == Distribution e habitat == Le specie occurre in tote le India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, le sud de China e le major parte del Asia del Sud-Est continental, assi como in partes de Indonesia e Borneo. Un population geographicamente isolate supervive in le paludes de Iraq, particularmente circa le zonas humide del Tigris e de Mesopotamia. Ben que le lutras de pilage lise pote a vices esser trovate in ambientes costari o salmastre, illos depende de aqua dulce proxime. Illos usa un grande varietate de habitates, includente grande fluvios, lacos, zonas humide seasonal, paludes e risieras.<ref name="ADW">Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, ''Lutrogale perspicillata'', geographic range e habitat.</ref><ref name="Phylo"/> Le lutras ha monstrate un certe capacitate de adaptar se a paisages modificate per le homine. In Singapore, per exemplo, illos ha stabilite populationes urban de successo e usa canales, structuras de drainage e spatios sub edificios como substitutos de habitates plus natural. Iste populationes ha devenite sufficientemente familiar que alcun gruppos familial es regularmente observate intra le citate.<ref name="Singapore">Khoo, M. D. Y. & Sivasothi, N., "Population Structure, Distribution, and Habitat Use of Smooth-Coated Otters ''Lutrogale perspicillata'' in Singapore", ''IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group Bulletin'', 35(3), 2018.</ref><ref name="JMM">Hodges, K. E. et al., "Population distribution and causes of mortality of smooth-coated otters, ''Lutrogale perspicillata'', in Singapore", ''Journal of Mammalogy'', 104(3), 2023.</ref> == Comportamento e ecologia == Le lutras de pilage lise es animales social que pote viver in gruppos de usque a circa 11 individuos. Gruppos familial communmente reposa sur ripas arenose e establi tanas sub radices de arbores o inter roccas. Illos communica per sibilos, stridos e lamentos, e marca lor territorios con urina e excrementos. Illos es generalmente plus active durante le die, ben que le patronos de activitate pote variar secundo le conditiones local.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="NParks"/> Le pisces constitue le componente principal de lor dieta, particularmente pisces de talia medie trovate in fluvios e altere zonas humide productive. Illos etiam consume cammarones, crabbas, molluscos, amphibios, insectos, aves e, in areas agricole, rattos. Quando illos chassa cooperativemente, le gruppos pote mover se trans vias de aqua stricte in formationes coordinate que pulsa le pisces le unes verso le alteres, facente los plus facile a capturar.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="ADW"/> == Reproduction == Le lutras de pilage lise communmente vive in gruppos familial consistente de un cupla reproductor e prole de annos precedente. Ubi le alimento es abundante, le reproduction pote occurrer passante per tote le anno, ben que le populationes influentiate per conditiones de monson seasonal frequentemente se reproduce durante menses particular. Le feminas generalmente pare usque a cinque catulos post un periodo de gestation de circa 60–63 dies. Le juvenes nascece cec e indifense in un tana proxime al aqua, e lor oculos se aperi post circa dece dies. Illos es ablactate a approximativemente tres a cinque menses e attinge le talia de adulto a circa un anno.<ref name="Breeding">Feeroz, M. M., Begum, S. & Hasan, M. K., "Fishing with Otters: a Traditional Conservation Practice in Bangladesh", ''IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group Bulletin'', 2011.</ref><ref name="ADW"/> == Menacias == Le menacias principal pro le lutra de pilage lise es le perdita e degradation de zonas humide, le pollution e le persecution directe. Le zonas humide es de plus in plus convertite pro le agricultura, assentamentos e disveloppamento hydroelectric, durante que pesticidas e altere polluentes pote reducer le predas aquatic. Le lutras pote etiam esser occidite deliberatemente in installationes de aquacultura proque illos es percipite como competitores pro le pisces. Le captura con trappas es reportate in plure partes de Asia del Sud, e le animales es etiam persequite pro le commercio illegal de fauna salvage e de animales de compania.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="ADW"/> Le perturbation human pote esser particularmente damnose durante le saison de reproduction. Al longe de alcun fluvios, activitates como le recolta de culturas e le colletta de ligno pote disturbar le lutras quando illos eleva lor juvenes. Le combination de perdita de habitat, deminution del disponibilitate de predas e exploitation directe ha contribuite al stato de conservation vulnerabile del specie.<ref name="IUCN"/> == Conservation e significantia cultural == Le lutra de pilage lise es legalmente protegite in le major parte del paises intra su area de distribution. Illo es listate sub le Appendice I de CITES desde 2019, lo que reinfortia le restrictiones international sur le commercio. Le efortios de conservation se concentra sur le protection de zonas humide e vias de aqua, le reduction del pollution, le prevention de captura illegal e le mantenimento de sufficiente populationes de pisces. Populationes urban de successo in locos como Singapore demonstra que le specie pote coexister con le humanos quando un habitat e protection adecuate es disponibile.<ref name="CITES">Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), documentation sur ''Lutrogale perspicillata'' e su inscription in le Appendices.</ref><ref name="Singapore"/> Le specie ha etiam un relation inusual con le traditiones de pisca human. In partes del sud de Bangladesh, le lutras de pilage lise ha de longe essite elevate e trainate pro ducer le pisces verso le retes de pisca, un technica que sustene le medios de subsistentia del communitates local de piscatores. Iste practica illustra le connexion de longe data inter le specie e le uso human del zonas humide de Asia del Sud, e al mesme tempore sublinea le importantia de conservar tanto le lutras como le ecosystemas de que depende le communitates local.<ref name="OtterFishing">Feeroz, M. M., Begum, S. & Hasan, M. K., "Fishing with Otters: a Traditional Conservation Practice in Bangladesh", ''IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group Bulletin'', 2011.</ref><ref name="OtterFishing2024">Khatun, S., Hasan, M. M. & Aziz, M. A., "A Centuries-Old Otter-Fishing Practice in Bangladesh: Going, Going, Gone?", ''IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group Bulletin'', 41(4), 2024.</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Lutras]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de Asia]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de Malaysia]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos del Oriente Medie]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Bangladesh]] [[Categoria:Carnivoros de Borneo]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Cambodja]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de China]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de India]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Indonesia]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Laos]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Myanmar]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Singapur]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Asia del Sud]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Asia del Sud-Est]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Thailandia]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos de Vietnam]] [[Categoria:Fauna de Sumatra]] [[Categoria:Fauna vulnerabile de Asia]] [[Categoria:Mammiferos describite in 1826]] qus7vcbbx2laxnptq5to6fnhmcxujzh 102 38466 699875 699721 2026-09-12T19:20:01Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 699875 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?sl { ?item wdt:P171* wd:Q25306 . OPTIONAL {?item wikibase:sitelinks ?sl } . FILTER (?sl >= 1) } ORDER BY DESC(?sl) |section= |sort= |columns=number:#,item,label:Article,P225,?sl,description,P18,P31,P279,P171,P361 |thumb=48 |min_section= |links=red_only |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! item ! Article ! nomine del taxon ! ?sl ! description ! imagine ! instantia de ! subclasse de ! taxon superior immediate ! parte de |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[:d:Q33602|Q33602]] | [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]] | Ailuropoda melanoleuca | 146 | | [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuropoda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[:d:Q42046|Q42046]] | [[Hyaenidae]] | Hyaenidae | 142 | | [[File:Crocuta-hejda.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestoidea]]<br/>[[Aeluroidea]]<br/>[[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[:d:Q36341|Q36341]] | [[Ursus arctos]] | Ursus arctos | 138 | | [[File:202309 Ezo brown bear.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[bear]] | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[:d:Q30197|Q30197]] | [[Panthera uncia]] | Panthera uncia | 132 | | [[File:Uncia uncia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[apex predator]]<br/>[[flagship species]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[:d:Q27066|Q27066]] | [[Meles meles]] | Meles meles | 123 | | [[File:European badger (Meles meles taxus) Drenthe.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[:d:Q25311|Q25311]] | [[Mustela nivalis]] | Mustela nivalis | 122 | | [[File:Mustela nivalis -British Wildlife Centre-4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[:d:Q29995|Q29995]] | [[Lutra lutra]] | Lutra lutra | 121 | | [[File:Otter.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[:d:Q41960|Q41960]] | [[Ailurus fulgens]] | Ailurus fulgens | 112 | | [[File:RedPanda SingalilaNationalPark DFrame.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[:d:Q80479|Q80479]] | [[Herpestidae]] | Herpestidae | 111 | | [[File:Dwarf mongoose Korkeasaari zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]]<br/>[[Herpestoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[:d:Q25345|Q25345]] | [[Mustela erminea]] | Mustela erminea | 110 | | [[File:Røyskatt (Mustela erminea erminea), Lista, Norway.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[:d:Q30847|Q30847]] | [[Caracal caracal]] | Caracal caracal | 109 | | [[File:Caracal Caracal-001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[big cat]] | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[:d:Q30263|Q30263]] | [[Pinnipedia]] | Pinnipedia | 107 | | [[File:Common seal (Phoca vitulina) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos]] | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[:d:Q14334|Q14334]] | [[glutton]] | Gulo gulo | 106 | mammifero carnivore | [[File:Gulo gulo 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Gulo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[:d:Q82738|Q82738]] | [[Vulpes lagopus]] | Vulpes lagopus | 105 | | [[File:Vulpes lagopus in Iceland (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[:d:Q25437|Q25437]] | [[Mustelidae]] | Mustelidae | 101 | | [[File:Marten with Flowers.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Musteloidea]]<br/>[[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[:d:Q200184|Q200184]] | [[Lutrinae]] | Lutrinae | 101 | | [[File:LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[:d:Q128098|Q128098]] | [[Canis aureus]] | Canis aureus | 101 | | [[File:033 Golden jackal in Keoladeo National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[:d:Q125525|Q125525]] | [[jackal]] | | 100 | | [[File:Golden jackal (Canis aureus indicus) male head.jpg|center|48px]] | [[organisms known by a particular common name]] | [[Canina]] | [[Canina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[:d:Q122783|Q122783]] | [[Ursus americanus]] | Ursus americanus | 99 | | [[File:American black bear (19647087094).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Ursidae]] | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[:d:Q26046|Q26046]] | [[Martes martes]] | Martes martes | 96 | | [[File:Pine Marten (48173751702).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[:d:Q80952|Q80952]] | [[Panthera tigris tigris]] | Panthera tigris tigris | 93 | | [[File:Bengal tiger in Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 05.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[tigre]] | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[:d:Q134015|Q134015]] | [[Suricata suricatta]] | Suricata suricatta | 92 | | [[File:Meerkat (Suricata suricatta).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suricata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[:d:Q173128|Q173128]] | [[Mellivora capensis]] | Mellivora capensis | 92 | | [[File:Honey badger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[:d:Q173651|Q173651]] | [[Lycaon pictus]] | Lycaon pictus | 91 | | [[File:Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[:d:Q166794|Q166794]] | [[Otocolobus manul]] | Otocolobus manul | 90 | | [[File:Otocolobus manul -Zurich Zoo-8a.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocolobus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[:d:Q124410|Q124410]] | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | Ursus thibetanus | 90 | | [[File:Ursus thibetanus 3 (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]]<br/>[[Selenarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[:d:Q28521|Q28521]] | [[Mustela]] | Mustela | 88 | | [[File:Mustela species mosaic.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[:d:Q38584|Q38584]] | [[Canis lupus dingo]] | Canis familiaris dingo | 88 | | [[File:Dingo Side.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[racia can]]<br/>[[organisms known by a particular common name]] | [[feral dog]] | [[Canis familiaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[:d:Q132585|Q132585]] | [[Cuon alpinus]] | Cuon alpinus | 87 | | [[File:Dhole (Asiatic wild dog) cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cuon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[:d:Q26533|Q26533]] | [[Martes]] | Martes | 86 | | [[File:Martes martes crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[:d:Q26423|Q26423]] | [[Martes zibellina]] | Martes zibellina | 86 | | [[File:Sobol bur.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[:d:Q185194|Q185194]] | [[Vulpes]] | Vulpes | 86 | | [[File:Genus vulpes.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpini]]<br/>[[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[:d:Q131564|Q131564]] | [[Vulpes zerda]] | Vulpes zerda | 86 | | [[File:Fennec Fox (9163009503).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[:d:Q26582|Q26582]] | [[Mustela putorius]] | Mustela putorius | 85 | | [[File:Ilder.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[:d:Q69581|Q69581]] | [[Panthera tigris altaica]] | Panthera tigris altaica | 84 | | [[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[:d:Q42627|Q42627]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis | 83 | | [[File:Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[:d:Q36135|Q36135]] | [[Neofelis nebulosa]] | Neofelis nebulosa | 83 | | [[File:Clouded Leopard (205918213).jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[:d:Q27366|Q27366]] | [[Martes foina]] | Martes foina | 82 | | [[File:Beech Marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[:d:Q133189|Q133189]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides | 82 | | [[File:Енотовидная собака Гродно (cropped 2).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[:d:Q129727|Q129727]] | [[Lynx pardinus]] | Lynx pardinus | 81 | | [[File:Lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus), Almuradiel, Ciudad Real, España, 2021-12-19, DD 07.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[:d:Q144923|Q144923]] | [[Helarctos malayanus]] | Helarctos malayanus | 81 | | [[File:Sitting sun bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Helarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[:d:Q182347|Q182347]] | [[leon asiatic]] | Panthera leo persica | 80 | | [[File:Asiatic Lioness in Gir Forest.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[:d:Q147114|Q147114]] | [[Procyonidae]] | Procyonidae | 79 | | [[File:Procyonidae-01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Musteloidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[:d:Q41407|Q41407]] | [[Enhydra lutris]] | Enhydra lutris | 79 | | [[File:Otter in Seward, Alaska, April 2017.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Enhydra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[:d:Q185864|Q185864]] | [[Viverridae]] | Viverridae | 77 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[:d:Q178089|Q178089]] | [[Crocuta crocuta]] | Crocuta crocuta | 77 | | [[File:Hiena manchada (Crocuta crocuta), parque nacional Kruger, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-26, DD 22.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Crocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[:d:Q171004|Q171004]] | [[Ursus arctos horribilis]] | Ursus arctos horribilis | 77 | | [[File:Grizzly Denali edit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[:d:Q185231|Q185231]] | [[Mirounga]] | Mirounga | 76 | | [[File:Mirounga leonina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[:d:Q42602|Q42602]] | [[felinos]] | Felinae | 76 | | [[File:Felinae diversity 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[:d:Q146457|Q146457]] | [[Lynx canadensis]] | Lynx canadensis | 76 | | [[File:Canada lynx by Michael Zahra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[:d:Q27179|Q27179]] | [[Neovison vison]] | Neogale vison | 75 | | [[File:American Mink.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison]]<br/>[[Neogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[:d:Q190674|Q190674]] | [[Prionailurus viverrinus]] | Prionailurus viverrinus | 75 | | [[File:Prionailurus viverrinus 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[:d:Q192231|Q192231]] | [[Caracal aurata]] | Profelis aurata | 75 | | [[File:FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[:d:Q26559|Q26559]] | [[Mustela lutreola]] | Mustela lutreola | 74 | | [[File:Europäischer Nerz.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[:d:Q188657|Q188657]] | [[Hyaena hyaena]] | Hyaena hyaena | 74 | | [[File:Museo della Specola (Florence) - Hyaena hyaena.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[:d:Q182304|Q182304]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | Puma yagouaroundi | 73 | | [[File:Puma yagouaroundi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[:d:Q26913|Q26913]] | [[Phoca vitulina]] | Phoca vitulina | 72 | | [[File:Common Seal Phoca vitulina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca (genere)|Phoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[:d:Q185295|Q185295]] | [[Proteles cristata]] | Proteles cristata | 72 | | [[File:Proteles cristatus1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Proteles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[:d:Q145016|Q145016]] | [[Melursus ursinus]] | Melursus ursinus | 72 | | [[File:SlothBear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[:d:Q243359|Q243359]] | [[Ursus]] | Ursus | 70 | | [[File:Black bear large.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[:d:Q230177|Q230177]] | [[Pantherinae]] | Pantherinae | 69 | | [[File:Jaguar head shot.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[:d:Q188717|Q188717]] | [[Smilodon]] | Smilodon | 69 | | [[File:Smilodon californicus mount.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Smilodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[:d:Q183330|Q183330]] | [[Cryptoprocta ferox]] | Cryptoprocta ferox | 68 | | [[File:Cryptoprocta Ferox.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cryptoprocta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[:d:Q18764|Q18764]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | 68 | | [[File:Asian palm civet in Rabindra Sarobar October 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[:d:Q213141|Q213141]] | [[Arctictis binturong]] | Arctictis binturong | 68 | | [[File:Binturong in Overloon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[:d:Q187024|Q187024]] | [[Vulpes corsac]] | Vulpes corsac | 68 | | [[File:Vulpes corsac.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[:d:Q214835|Q214835]] | [[Vulpes bengalensis]] | Vulpes bengalensis | 68 | | [[File:Bengal Fox - Shreeram M V - Rajasthan, India.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[:d:Q182573|Q182573]] | [[liger]] | Panthera leo × Panthera tigris | 68 | | [[File:Liger couple.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[:d:Q178973|Q178973]] | [[Mustela putorius furo]] | Mustela furo | 67 | | [[File:202305 Mustela putorius furo.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[:d:Q80191|Q80191]] | [[catto marmorate]] | Pardofelis marmorata | 66 | | [[File:Marbled cat borneo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pardofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[:d:Q27370|Q27370]] | [[Halichoerus grypus]] | Halichoerus grypus | 64 | | [[File:Halichoerus grypus male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Halichoerus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[:d:Q186663|Q186663]] | [[Hydrurga leptonyx]] | Hydrurga leptonyx | 64 | | [[File:Hydrurga leptonyx edit1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hydrurga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[:d:Q241256|Q241256]] | [[Civettictis civetta]] | Civettictis civetta | 64 | | [[File:African civet.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[:d:Q191129|Q191129]] | [[Panthera tigris sumatrae]] | Panthera tigris sumatrae | 64 | | [[File:Sumatran Tiger Berlin Tierpark.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[:d:Q184389|Q184389]] | [[Chrysocyon brachyurus]] | Chrysocyon brachyurus | 63 | | [[File:Chrysocyon brachyurus no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra por Celso Ferrarezi Jr (07).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chrysocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[:d:Q3887135|Q3887135]] | [[Otariinae]] | Otariinae | 62 | | [[File:California sea lion in La Jolla (70568).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Otariidae]] | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[:d:Q204322|Q204322]] | [[Felis bieti]] | Felis bieti | 62 | | [[File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[:d:Q200400|Q200400]] | [[Otocyon megalotis]] | Otocyon megalotis | 62 | | [[File:187 Bat-eared fox in Otjozondjupa Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[:d:Q208549|Q208549]] | [[Monachus monachus]] | Monachus monachus | 61 | | [[File:Billy monk seal 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[:d:Q28157482|Q28157482]] | [[Parahyaena brunnea]] | Parahyaena brunnea | 61 | | [[File:Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) (6472940707).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Parahyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[:d:Q192742|Q192742]] | [[Panthera tigris corbetti]] | Panthera tigris corbetti | 61 | | [[File:Indochinese tiger in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[:d:Q43221|Q43221]] | [[Genetta]] | Genetta | 60 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[:d:Q149405|Q149405]] | [[Erignathus barbatus]] | Erignathus barbatus | 60 | | [[File:Bartrobbe 3-2002.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Pinnipedia]] | [[Erignathus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[:d:Q254630|Q254630]] | [[kinkajou]] | Potos flavus | 60 | | [[File:Potos flavus (22985770100).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Potos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[:d:Q185401|Q185401]] | [[Panthera tigris balica]] | Panthera tigris balica | 60 | | [[File:BaronOscarVojnich3Nov1911Ti.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[:d:Q191737|Q191737]] | [[Speothos venaticus]] | Speothos venaticus | 59 | | [[File:Bush dog.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Speothos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[:d:Q309274|Q309274]] | [[Prionailurus rubiginosus]] | Prionailurus rubiginosus | 59 | | [[File:Rostkatze.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[:d:Q188535|Q188535]] | [[Panthera tigris virgata]] | Panthera tigris virgata | 59 | | [[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[:d:Q192967|Q192967]] | [[Panthera pardus orientalis]] | Panthera pardus orientalis | 59 | | [[File:Amur Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis Facing Forward 1761px.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[:d:Q188957|Q188957]] | [[Canis simensis]] | Canis simensis | 59 | | [[File:Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis citernii) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[:d:Q237260|Q237260]] | [[Ursus arctos middendorffi]] | Ursus arctos middendorffi | 59 | | [[File:2010-kodiak-bear-1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[:d:Q271459|Q271459]] | [[Mustela sibirica]] | Mustela sibirica | 58 | | [[File:Mustela sibirica Russia5.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[:d:Q70529|Q70529]] | [[Vormela peregusna]] | Vormela peregusna | 58 | | [[File:Marbled Polecat, Suzakskiy, Kazakhstan 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[:d:Q215250|Q215250]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | 58 | | [[File:Gray fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[:d:Q14592562|Q14592562]] | [[Bassaricyon neblina]] | Bassaricyon neblina | 58 | | [[File:Olinguito ZooKeys 324, solo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[:d:Q203208|Q203208]] | [[Phoca hispida]] | Pusa hispida | 57 | | [[File:Phoca hispida.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[:d:Q83774|Q83774]] | [[Pteronura brasiliensis]] | Pteronura brasiliensis | 57 | | [[File:Giantotter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteronura]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[:d:Q232129|Q232129]] | [[Taxidea taxus]] | Taxidea taxus | 57 | | [[File:AmericanBadger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[:d:Q200848|Q200848]] | [[Panthera tigris amoyensis]] | Panthera tigris amoyensis | 57 | | [[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[:d:Q272933|Q272933]] | [[Vulpes chama]] | Vulpes chama | 56 | | [[File:Vulpes chama (Etosha).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[:d:Q319070|Q319070]] | [[Vulpes ferrilata]] | Vulpes ferrilata | 56 | | [[File:Vulpes ferrilata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[:d:Q200442|Q200442]] | [[Canis lupus rufus]] | Canis lupus rufus | 56 | | [[File:07-03-23RedWolfAlbanyGAChehaw.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[:d:Q4535|Q4535]] | [[Pusa sibirica]] | Pusa sibirica | 55 | | [[File:Из жизни байкальской нерпы близ Ушканьих островов 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[:d:Q244277|Q244277]] | [[Aonyx cinerea]] | Aonyx cinerea | 55 | | [[File:Small-clawed otter from Western Ghats.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[:d:Q373558|Q373558]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | Lycalopex culpaeus | 55 | | [[File:Culpeo MC.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[:d:Q200381|Q200381]] | [[Panthera tigris sondaica]] | Panthera tigris sondaica | 55 | | [[File:Panthera tigris sondaica 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[:d:Q649306|Q649306]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | Herpestes ichneumon | 54 | | [[File:Herpestes ichneumon Египетский мангуст, или фараонова крыса, или ихневмо́н.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[:d:Q215343|Q215343]] | [[Mirounga leonina]] | Mirounga leonina | 54 | | [[File:0046 Tiere der Antarktis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mirounga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[:d:Q217291|Q217291]] | [[Vulpes cana]] | Vulpes cana | 54 | | [[File:Blandford's fox 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[:d:Q269871|Q269871]] | [[Neofelis]] | Neofelis | 54 | | [[File:Neofelis nebulosa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[:d:Q205935|Q205935]] | [[Dusicyon australis]] | Dusicyon australis | 54 | | [[File:Falkland Island wolf, Dusicyon australis OMNZVT2369 !1pub (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Dusicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[:d:Q321376|Q321376]] | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | Cerdocyon thous | 54 | | [[File:Cerdocyon thous MG 9503.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[:d:Q274177|Q274177]] | [[Prionailurus planiceps]] | Prionailurus planiceps | 54 | | [[File:Flat-headed cat 1 Jim Sanderson 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[:d:Q215836|Q215836]] | [[Panthera tigris jacksoni]] | Panthera tigris jacksoni | 54 | | [[File:MalayanTiger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]]<br/>[[Mainland Asian tiger]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[:d:Q496689|Q496689]] | [[Aenocyon dirus]] | Aenocyon dirus | 54 | | [[File:Canis dirus Skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[:d:Q446882|Q446882]] | [[Lutra]] | Lutra | 53 | | [[File:Fischotter Lutra lutra1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[:d:Q513081|Q513081]] | [[civetta de palma african]] | Nandinia binotata | 53 | specie de mammifero carnivore | [[File:Nandinia binotata, crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nandinia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[:d:Q209324|Q209324]] | [[Pagophilus groenlandicus]] | Pagophilus groenlandicus | 53 | | [[File:Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), Greenland Sea IMG 5006.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pagophilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[:d:Q220248|Q220248]] | [[Martes flavigula]] | Martes flavigula | 53 | | [[File:Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]]<br/>[[Charronia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[:d:Q584064|Q584064]] | [[Martes pennanti]] | Martes pennanti | 53 | | [[File:Fisher (animal).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[:d:Q295994|Q295994]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | Vulpes rueppellii | 53 | | [[File:Rüppell's fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[:d:Q626023|Q626023]] | [[Mirounga angustirostris]] | Mirounga angustirostris | 52 | | [[File:Elephant seals fighting.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mirounga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[:d:Q42592|Q42592]] | [[Prionailurus]] | Prionailurus | 52 | | [[File:Bengalkatze.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[:d:Q270748|Q270748]] | [[Puma]] | Puma | 52 | | [[File:Puma - 49044464307.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[:d:Q1383362|Q1383362]] | [[tigon]] | Panthera tigris × Panthera leo | 52 | | [[File:Tigon tiger x lion hybrid by artbyjrc df4918k.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[:d:Q275163|Q275163]] | [[Neofelis diardi]] | Neofelis diardi | 52 | | [[File:Borneo clouded leopard.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[:d:Q221094|Q221094]] | [[leon berbere]] | Panthera leo leo | 52 | | [[File:Barbary lion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[population]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[:d:Q322145|Q322145]] | [[Martes americana]] | Martes americana | 51 | | [[File:Marten bounding through the snow (512488bd-68e6-4b67-8e14-95657c022029).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[:d:Q734351|Q734351]] | [[Viverricula indica]] | Viverricula indica | 51 | | [[File:Small Indian Civet (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[:d:Q216441|Q216441]] | [[Canis lupus arctos]] | Canis lupus arctos | 51 | | [[File:Arctic Wolf in Aulavik National Park 04 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[:d:Q214287|Q214287]] | [[Cystophora cristata]] | Cystophora cristata | 50 | | [[File:2016-klappmützemuseumkoenig.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cystophora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[:d:Q434197|Q434197]] | [[Mustela altaica]] | Mustela altaica | 50 | | [[File:Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[:d:Q757265|Q757265]] | [[Viverra zibetha]] | Viverra zibetha | 50 | | [[File:Large Indian Civet, Viverra zibetha in Kaeng Krachan national park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[:d:Q626049|Q626049]] | [[Paguma larvata]] | Paguma larvata | 50 | | [[File:202309 Masked palm civet.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[:d:Q148462|Q148462]] | [[Nasua nasua]] | Nasua nasua | 50 | | [[File:N. nasua, Duisburg (DE) -- 2023 -- 0219.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[:d:Q832036|Q832036]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus | 50 | specie de mammal | [[File:Leão baio.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[:d:Q745751|Q745751]] | [[Vulpes macrotis]] | Vulpes macrotis | 50 | | [[File:San Joaquin kit fox male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[:d:Q626027|Q626027]] | [[Crabeater seal]] | Lobodon carcinophaga | 49 | | [[File:Lobodon carcinophagus on sea ice (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lobodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[:d:Q732127|Q732127]] | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | Mustela eversmanii | 49 | | [[File:Mustela putorius (Turkestan polecat) fur skins.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[:d:Q695199|Q695199]] | [[Monachus schauinslandi]] | Monachus schauinslandi | 49 | | [[File:Monachus schauinslandi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[:d:Q257432|Q257432]] | [[Lycalopex vetulus]] | Lycalopex vetulus | 49 | | [[File:Hoaryfox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[:d:Q263706|Q263706]] | [[Vulpes velox]] | Vulpes velox | 49 | | [[File:Swift Fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[:d:Q722180|Q722180]] | [[Urocyon littoralis]] | Urocyon littoralis | 49 | | [[File:Urocyon littoralis pair.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[:d:Q331850|Q331850]] | [[Atelocynus microtis]] | Atelocynus microtis | 49 | | [[File:Atelocynus microtis en Amazonie péruvienne.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Atelocynus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[:d:Q466597|Q466597]] | [[Arctocephalus pusillus]] | Arctocephalus pusillus | 48 | | [[File:Arctocephalus pusillus (Cape fur seals).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[:d:Q379732|Q379732]] | [[Zalophus californianus]] | Zalophus californianus | 48 | | [[File:Kalifornischer Seelöwe (Zalophus californianus), Territorialverhalten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Zalophus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[:d:Q742727|Q742727]] | [[Pusa caspica]] | Pusa caspica | 48 | | [[File:Caspian seal 03.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[:d:Q368495|Q368495]] | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | Mephitis mephitis | 48 | | [[File:Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis) DSC 0030.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos]] | [[Mephitis (taxon)|Mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[:d:Q402885|Q402885]] | [[Mustela nigripes]] | Mustela nigripes | 48 | | [[File:Mustela nigripes 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[carnivoro]] | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[:d:Q744382|Q744382]] | [[Arctonyx collaris]] | Arctonyx collaris | 48 | | [[File:Arctonyx collaris - Sterndale.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[:d:Q631167|Q631167]] | [[Lycalopex fulvipes]] | Lycalopex fulvipes | 48 | | [[File:Zorro de Darwin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[:d:Q1419858|Q1419858]] | [[Catopuma]] | Catopuma | 48 | | [[File:Asian Golden cat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[:d:Q242358|Q242358]] | [[Panthera atrox]] | Panthera atrox | 48 | | [[File:Panthera Atrox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[:d:Q278912|Q278912]] | [[Acinonyx jubatus venaticus]] | Acinonyx jubatus venaticus | 48 | | [[File:Acinonyx jubatus venaticus 350833012.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[gepardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[:d:Q23121|Q23121]] | [[Mungos mungo]] | Mungos mungo | 47 | | [[File:171 Banded mongoose standing at sunset in Etosha National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[:d:Q247774|Q247774]] | [[Eira barbara]] | Eira barbara | 47 | | [[File:Tayra - Male, Brazil.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[:d:Q601913|Q601913]] | [[Lycalopex griseus]] | Lycalopex griseus | 47 | | [[File:South american grey fox (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[:d:Q754992|Q754992]] | [[Nasua narica]] | Nasua narica | 47 | | [[File:194 White-nosed coati at the beach in Yucatán Photo by Giles Laurent (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[:d:Q842467|Q842467]] | [[Lycalopex sechurae]] | Lycalopex sechurae | 47 | | [[File:Zorro costero (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[:d:Q261574|Q261574]] | [[Genetta genetta]] | Genetta genetta | 46 | | [[File:A female common genet in the dining room, Satao Camp (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[:d:Q333649|Q333649]] | [[Otaria flavescens]] | Otaria flavescens | 46 | | [[File:Leon marino.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[:d:Q431981|Q431981]] | [[Eumetopias jubatus]] | Eumetopias jubatus | 46 | | [[File:Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) on rocks.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eumetopias]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[:d:Q847194|Q847194]] | [[Prionodon]] | Prionodon | 46 | | [[File:Prionodon pardicolor - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02486.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[:d:Q313166|Q313166]] | [[Weddell seal]] | Leptonychotes weddellii | 46 | | [[File:Mikkelsen Harbour-2016-Trinity Island (D'Hainaut Island)–Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leptonychotes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[:d:Q751763|Q751763]] | [[Lutra sumatrana]] | Lutra sumatrana | 46 | | [[File:Lutra sumatrana.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[:d:Q729553|Q729553]] | [[Panthera pardus fusca]] | Panthera pardus fusca | 46 | | [[File:Indian leopard in Jawai Bandh April 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[:d:Q624310|Q624310]] | [[Canis lupus arabs]] | Canis lupus arabs | 46 | | [[File:Arabian wolf in Jordan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[:d:Q571449|Q571449]] | [[Arctocephalus gazella]] | Arctocephalus gazella | 45 | | [[File:Antarcticfurseal kinggeorgeisland.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[:d:Q600530|Q600530]] | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | Herpestes javanicus | 45 | | [[File:Herpestes javanicus01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[:d:Q1762710|Q1762710]] | [[Viverra]] | Viverra | 45 | | [[File:Viverra zibetha ras.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[:d:Q7966|Q7966]] | [[Callorhinus ursinus]] | Callorhinus ursinus | 45 | | [[File:Callorhinus ursinus and harem.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Callorhinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[:d:Q327028|Q327028]] | [[Lontra canadensis]] | Lontra canadensis | 45 | | [[File:Quidi Vidi Lake (14802227372).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[:d:Q729713|Q729713]] | [[Panthera pardus saxicolor]] | Panthera pardus saxicolor | 45 | | [[File:Persian Leopard sitting.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[:d:Q641742|Q641742]] | [[Eupleridae]] | Eupleridae | 44 | | [[File:Eupleridae.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestoidea]]<br/>[[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[:d:Q494968|Q494968]] | [[Phoca largha]] | Phoca largha | 44 | | [[File:Spotted seal mother and pup in the Bering Sea.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca (genere)|Phoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[:d:Q1345042|Q1345042]] | [[Meles]] | Meles | 44 | | [[File:Meles (Genus).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[:d:Q644224|Q644224]] | [[Lontra felina]] | Lontra felina | 44 | | [[File:Lfelina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[:d:Q855921|Q855921]] | [[Canis lupus pallipes]] | Canis lupus pallipes | 44 | | [[File:Genome Sequencing of a Gray Wolf from Peninsular India (2022) fig. 1A.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[:d:Q938494|Q938494]] | [[Herpestes urva]] | Herpestes urva | 43 | | [[File:Herpestes urva - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02477.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[:d:Q732544|Q732544]] | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | Cynictis penicillata | 43 | | [[File:082 Yellow mongoose in Khomas Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[:d:Q432513|Q432513]] | [[Phocarctos hookeri]] | Phocarctos hookeri | 43 | | [[File:Big male New Zealand Sea Lion walking on the beach.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[:d:Q738191|Q738191]] | [[Urocyon]] | Urocyon | 43 | | [[File:Urocyon cinereoargenteus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]]<br/>[[Urocyonini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[:d:Q600654|Q600654]] | [[Monachus tropicalis]] | Monachus tropicalis | 43 | | [[File:Cms-newyorkzoologicalsociety1910.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Monachus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[:d:Q148628|Q148628]] | [[Nasua]] | Nasua | 43 | | [[File:CoatiNosara.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[:d:Q46148|Q46148]] | [[Aonyx capensis]] | Aonyx capensis | 43 | | [[File:Cape Clawless Otter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[:d:Q525088|Q525088]] | [[Fossa fossana]] | Fossa fossana | 43 | | [[File:Spotted fanaloka (Fossa fossana).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Fossa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[:d:Q39153|Q39153]] | [[Panthera pardus pardus]] | Panthera pardus pardus | 43 | | [[File:Leopard africa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[:d:Q475046|Q475046]] | [[Panthera pardus kotiya]] | Panthera pardus kotiya | 43 | | [[File:Sri Lankan leopard (Panthera pardus kotiya) female 5.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[:d:Q839769|Q839769]] | [[Ursus arctos arctos]] | Ursus arctos arctos | 43 | | [[File:Майже воля.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[:d:Q1043473|Q1043473]] | [[Arctocephalinae]] | Arctocephalinae | 42 | | [[File:Adult male Northern Fur Seal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[:d:Q837610|Q837610]] | [[Ommatophoca rossii]] | Ommatophoca rossii | 42 | | [[File:Ommatophoca rossii (Ross Seal), off Wilkes Land, Antarctica 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ommatophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[:d:Q1366503|Q1366503]] | [[Melogale]] | Melogale | 42 | | [[File:Formosan ferret-badger in Shoushan Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Helictidinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[:d:Q756008|Q756008]] | [[Galictis]] | Galictis | 42 | | [[File:Galictis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[:d:Q602823|Q602823]] | [[Martes gwatkinsii]] | Martes gwatkinsii | 42 | | [[File:Nilgiri marten by N A Nazeer.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[:d:Q839828|Q839828]] | [[Lontra longicaudis]] | Lontra longicaudis | 42 | | [[File:Lontra longicaudis 2.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[:d:Q2937805|Q2937805]] | [[Caracal]] | Caracal | 42 | | [[File:Caracal in South Africa - by Shaun MItchem.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[:d:Q405403|Q405403]] | [[Procyon cancrivorus]] | Procyon cancrivorus | 42 | | [[File:Procyon cancrivorus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon (taxon)|Procyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[:d:Q311417|Q311417]] | [[Leopardus pajeros]] | Leopardus pajeros | 42 | | [[File:Catpampaspajeros.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[:d:Q376135|Q376135]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis | 42 | | [[File:Iriomote cat 1 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[:d:Q148833|Q148833]] | [[catto salvage europee]] | Felis silvestris silvestris | 42 | | [[File:Felis silvestris silvestris Luc Viatour.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[:d:Q312207|Q312207]] | [[Herpestes]] | Herpestes | 41 | | [[File:Herpestes edwardsii at Hyderaba.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[:d:Q649127|Q649127]] | [[Arctocephalus australis]] | Arctocephalus australis | 41 | | [[File:Lobo-marinho-sul-americano-Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins-Jufranfe(001).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[:d:Q1777275|Q1777275]] | [[Lontra]] | Lontra | 41 | | [[File:LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[:d:Q754895|Q754895]] | [[Histriophoca fasciata]] | Histriophoca fasciata | 41 | | [[File:Male Ribbon Sea Ozernoy Gulf Russia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Histriophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[:d:Q676454|Q676454]] | [[Monachus]] | Monachus | 41 | | [[File:Cms-newyorkzoologicalsociety1910.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[:d:Q744392|Q744392]] | [[Neophoca cinerea]] | Neophoca cinerea | 41 | | [[File:Neophoca cinerea-1.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[:d:Q132687|Q132687]] | [[Lycalopex]] | Lycalopex | 41 | | [[File:Genus pseudalopex.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[:d:Q226735|Q226735]] | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | Ictonyx striatus | 41 | | [[File:Ictonyx striatus - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC02633.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[:d:Q20744349|Q20744349]] | [[Canis anthus]] | Canis anthus | 41 | | [[File:Grey jackal from Haizer Algeria 10 (cropped).jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[:d:Q944893|Q944893]] | [[Ursus arctos isabellinus]] | Ursus arctos isabellinus | 41 | | [[File:Medvěd plavý (Ursus arctos isabellinus).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[:d:Q27888|Q27888]] | [[Mustelinae]] | Mustelinae | 40 | | [[File:DirkvdM tayra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[:d:Q844643|Q844643]] | [[Arctocephalus tropicalis]] | Arctocephalus tropicalis | 40 | | [[File:Arctocephalus tropicalis CrozetIslands female.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[:d:Q855597|Q855597]] | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | Atilax paludinosus | 40 | | [[File:Marsh mongoose or water mongoose, Atilax paludinosus, at Rietvlei Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (22548192738).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[:d:Q1052830|Q1052830]] | [[Martes melampus]] | Martes melampus | 40 | | [[File:202310 Japanese marten.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[:d:Q842799|Q842799]] | [[Prionodon linsang]] | Prionodon linsang | 40 | | [[File:Prionodon linsang - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC02704.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[:d:Q1414665|Q1414665]] | [[Paradoxurus jerdoni]] | Paradoxurus jerdoni | 40 | | [[File:Brown palm civet.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[:d:Q389266|Q389266]] | [[Viverra civettina]] | Viverra civettina | 40 | | [[File:Malabar large-spotted civet (Viverra civettina) DSCN2359.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[:d:Q541053|Q541053]] | [[Cynogale bennettii]] | Cynogale bennettii | 40 | | [[File:Mampalon (Cynogale Bennettii).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[:d:Q577677|Q577677]] | [[Hydrictis maculicollis]] | Hydrictis maculicollis | 40 | | [[File:Spotted-necked otter 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hydrictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[:d:Q719949|Q719949]] | [[Panthera pardus nimr]] | Panthera pardus nimr | 40 | | [[File:Arabian Leopard Panthera pardus nimr in Sharjah Photo Prof Dr Norman Ali Khalaf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[:d:Q695431|Q695431]] | [[Ursus arctos crowtheri]] | Ursus arctos crowtheri | 40 | | [[File:Atlasbear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[:d:Q2670845|Q2670845]] | [[Musteloidea]] | Musteloidea | 39 | | [[File:Mustela frenata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[:d:Q832379|Q832379]] | [[Arctocephalus forsteri]] | Arctocephalus forsteri | 39 | | [[File:Seal 0906.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[:d:Q332414|Q332414]] | [[Melogale moschata]] | Melogale moschata | 39 | | [[File:Melogale moschata (Ferret badger) fur skin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[:d:Q840714|Q840714]] | [[Lontra provocax]] | Lontra provocax | 39 | | [[File:Lontra provocax.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[:d:Q754393|Q754393]] | [[Hemigalus derbyanus]] | Hemigalus derbyanus | 39 | | [[File:Banded Palm Civet.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hemigalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[:d:Q842805|Q842805]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata | 39 | | [[File:Small-toothed Palm Civet (Arctogalidia trivirgata stigmatica) (8076736823) (cut).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[:d:Q839509|Q839509]] | [[Ursus arctos syriacus]] | Ursus arctos syriacus | 39 | | [[File:Ursus arctos syriacus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Ursidae]] | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[:d:Q531300|Q531300]] | [[Canis lupus baileyi]] | Canis lupus baileyi | 39 | | [[File:Mexican Wolf 2 yfb-edit 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[:d:Q571618|Q571618]] | [[Arctocephalus galapagoensis]] | Arctocephalus galapagoensis | 38 | | [[File:Galapagos Fur Seal, Santiago Island.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[:d:Q43230|Q43230]] | [[Genetta tigrina]] | Genetta tigrina | 38 | | [[File:Large-spotted Genet (Genetta tigrina) (17356502041) (crop).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[:d:Q673700|Q673700]] | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | Galerella sanguinea | 38 | | [[File:Galerella sanguinea Zoo Praha 2011-2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[:d:Q947395|Q947395]] | [[short-tailed mongoose]] | Herpestes brachyurus | 38 | | [[File:Herpestes brachyurus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[:d:Q46144|Q46144]] | [[Mustela kathiah]] | Mustela kathiah | 38 | | [[File:Mustela kathiah.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[:d:Q743563|Q743563]] | [[Helogale parvula]] | Helogale parvula | 38 | | [[File:Helogale parvula 4 (Piotr Kuczynski).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[:d:Q1344102|Q1344102]] | [[Prionodon pardicolor]] | Prionodon pardicolor | 38 | | [[File:Prionodon pardicolor - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02486.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[:d:Q922292|Q922292]] | [[Viverra megaspila]] | Viverra megaspila | 38 | | [[File:Viverra megaspila ras.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[:d:Q966901|Q966901]] | [[Viverra tangalunga]] | Viverra tangalunga | 38 | | [[File:Malay civet.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[:d:Q1576038|Q1576038]] | [[Meles anakuma]] | Meles anakuma | 38 | | [[File:202309 Japanese badger.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[:d:Q838840|Q838840]] | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti]] | Bassariscus sumichrasti | 38 | | [[File:Bassariscus sumichrasti geo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassariscus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[:d:Q133763|Q133763]] | [[Leopardus braccatus]] | Leopardus braccatus | 38 | | [[File:Novos mamíferos são as atrações do mês no Jardim Zoológico.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[:d:Q841950|Q841950]] | [[Panthera pardus melas]] | Panthera pardus melas | 38 | | [[File:Panthera pardus close up.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[:d:Q848780|Q848780]] | [[Arctocephalus philippii]] | Arctocephalus philippii | 37 | | [[File:Arctocephalus philippii 368442243 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[:d:Q887918|Q887918]] | [[Paradoxurus]] | Paradoxurus | 37 | | [[File:Marapatti.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[:d:Q840036|Q840036]] | [[Zalophus japonicus]] | Zalophus japonicus | 37 | | [[File:Zalophus japonicus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Zalophus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[:d:Q1417638|Q1417638]] | [[Hyaena]] | Hyaena | 37 | | [[File:Striped Hyena 5.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[:d:Q283426|Q283426]] | [[Galictis vittata]] | Galictis vittata | 37 | | [[File:Greater grison.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[:d:Q852756|Q852756]] | [[Poecilogale albinucha]] | Poecilogale albinucha | 37 | | [[File:Whitenapedweasellg2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[:d:Q932176|Q932176]] | [[Canis lupus albus]] | Canis lupus albus | 37 | | [[File:Волк 3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[:d:Q17700|Q17700]] | [[Lutreola]] | Lutreola | 36 | | [[File:Mink.jpg|center|48px]] | [[organisms known by a particular common name]]<br/>[[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[:d:Q221088|Q221088]] | [[Arctocephalus townsendi]] | Arctocephalus townsendi | 36 | | [[File:Arctocephalus townsendi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[:d:Q613760|Q613760]] | [[Herpestes edwardsi]] | Herpestes edwardsi | 36 | | [[File:Herpestes edwardsii at Hyderaba.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[:d:Q998769|Q998769]] | [[Zalophus wollebaeki]] | Zalophus wollebaeki | 36 | | [[File:Galapagos, sea-lion, female (by Casey Klebba).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Zalophus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[:d:Q1142024|Q1142024]] | [[Mustela strigidorsa]] | Mustela strigidorsa | 36 | | [[File:Mustela strigidorsa.gif|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[:d:Q728454|Q728454]] | [[Meles leucurus]] | Meles leucurus | 36 | | [[File:Азиатский барсук (Meles leucurus).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[:d:Q559050|Q559050]] | [[Diplogale hosei]] | Diplogale hosei | 36 | | [[File:HemigaleHoseiSmit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Diplogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[:d:Q612589|Q612589]] | [[Macrogalidia musschenbroekii]] | Macrogalidia musschenbroekii | 36 | | [[File:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macrogalidia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[:d:Q651814|Q651814]] | [[Procyon pygmaeus]] | Procyon pygmaeus | 36 | | [[File:Cozumel Raccoon2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon (taxon)|Procyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[:d:Q1425180|Q1425180]] | [[Bassaricyon]] | Bassaricyon | 36 | | [[File:Illustrations of the species of Bassaricyon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Potosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[:d:Q918089|Q918089]] | [[Bassaricyon gabbii]] | Bassaricyon gabbii | 36 | | [[File:Bassaricyon gabbii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[:d:Q208079|Q208079]] | [[Canis adustus]] | Canis adustus | 36 | | [[File:Side-striped Jackal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[:d:Q898061|Q898061]] | [[Canis lupus lupus]] | Canis lupus lupus | 36 | | [[File:Loup 13 copie.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[:d:Q776652|Q776652]] | [[Arctocephalus]] | Arctocephalus | 35 | | [[File:Arctocephalus forsteri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[:d:Q43226|Q43226]] | [[Genetta abyssinica]] | Genetta abyssinica | 35 | | [[File:Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig (1835) Genetta abyssinica.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[:d:Q735968|Q735968]] | [[Herpestes vitticollis]] | Herpestes vitticollis | 35 | | [[File:2007-stripe-necked-mongoose.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[:d:Q1535110|Q1535110]] | [[Herpestes fuscus]] | Herpestes fuscus | 35 | | [[File:Indian Brown Mongoose.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[:d:Q902901|Q902901]] | [[Ailuridae]] | Ailuridae | 35 | | [[File:Red Panda.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Musteloidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[:d:Q906945|Q906945]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | Ichneumia albicauda | 35 | | [[File:White-tailed mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda), crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[:d:Q240167|Q240167]] | [[Mustela lutreolina]] | Mustela lutreolina | 35 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[:d:Q238561|Q238561]] | [[Galictis cuja]] | Galictis cuja | 35 | | [[File:Galictis cuja 365111146.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[:d:Q518580|Q518580]] | [[Galidia elegans]] | Galidia elegans | 35 | | [[File:Ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[:d:Q583627|Q583627]] | [[Neovison macrodon]] | Neovison macrodon | 35 | | [[File:Neovison macrodon.png|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Neovison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[:d:Q181565|Q181565]] | [[Eupleres goudotii]] | Eupleres goudotii | 35 | | [[File:EupleresGoudotiSmit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eupleres]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[:d:Q301014|Q301014]] | [[Chrotogale owstoni]] | Chrotogale owstoni | 35 | | [[File:Chrotogale owstoni PWP.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Chrotogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[:d:Q375750|Q375750]] | [[Canis lupus hodophilax]] | Canis lupus hodophilax | 35 | | [[File:Japanese Wolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[:d:Q688635|Q688635]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | Conepatus semistriatus | 34 | | [[File:Conepatus semistriatus - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC02689.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[:d:Q747238|Q747238]] | [[Conepatus humboldtii]] | Conepatus humboldtii | 34 | | [[File:Brehms Het Leven der Dieren Zoogdieren Orde 4 Surilho (Mephitis suffocans).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[:d:Q570548|Q570548]] | [[Mydaus javanensis]] | Mydaus javanensis | 34 | | [[File:Mydaus javanensis lucifer 236799987.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mydaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[:d:Q971191|Q971191]] | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | Spilogale gracilis | 34 | | [[File:Spilogale gracilis amphiala.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[:d:Q921373|Q921373]] | [[Ictonyx]] | Ictonyx | 34 | | [[File:Striped polecat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[:d:Q909694|Q909694]] | [[Mustela nudipes]] | Mustela nudipes | 34 | | [[File:Mustela nudipes.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[:d:Q844662|Q844662]] | [[Melogale personata]] | Melogale personata | 34 | | [[File:Melogale personata (illustration).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[:d:Q853294|Q853294]] | [[Lyncodon patagonicus]] | Lyncodon patagonicus | 34 | | [[File:Lyncodon patagonicus1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lyncodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[:d:Q2900104|Q2900104]] | [[Nyctereutes]] | Nyctereutes | 34 | | [[File:Nyctereutes.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[:d:Q188944|Q188944]] | [[Canis mesomelas]] | Canis mesomelas | 34 | | [[File:2012-bb-jackal-1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[:d:Q525781|Q525781]] | [[Ursus americanus kermodei]] | Ursus americanus kermodei | 34 | | [[File:Spiritbear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[plantigrade]] | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[:d:Q11846972|Q11846972]] | [[Poiana]] | Poiana | 33 | genere de mammiferos | [[File:African linsang 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]]<br/>[[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | [[:d:Q490248|Q490248]] | [[Conepatus chinga]] | Conepatus chinga | 33 | | [[File:Chingue (Conepatus chinga) Inao Vásquez 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[:d:Q1291566|Q1291566]] | [[Aonyx]] | Aonyx | 33 | | [[File:Zagreb Zoo small-clawed otter 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[:d:Q1293310|Q1293310]] | [[Galerella pulverulenta]] | Galerella pulverulenta | 33 | | [[File:Cape Gray Mongoose on Lion's Head (29813836777).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[:d:Q1968383|Q1968383]] | [[Herpestes smithii]] | Herpestes smithii | 33 | | [[File:Ruddy-mongoose.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[:d:Q307105|Q307105]] | [[Spilogale putorius]] | Spilogale putorius | 33 | | [[File:Spilogale putorius (2).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[:d:Q922103|Q922103]] | [[Mydaus marchei]] | Mydaus marchei | 33 | | [[File:Mydaus marchei Palawan stink badger Huet 1887.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mydaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[:d:Q1017414|Q1017414]] | [[Bdeogale crassicauda]] | Bdeogale crassicauda | 33 | | [[File:Bushy-tailed mongoose - Snapshot Safari Ruaha1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[:d:Q1482221|Q1482221]] | [[Bdeogale nigripes]] | Bdeogale nigripes | 33 | | [[File:Bdeogale nigripes Pucheran,1855 Holotype MNHN-ZM-MO-1854-1282.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[:d:Q628006|Q628006]] | [[Mustela itatsi]] | Mustela itatsi | 33 | | [[File:202310 Japanese weasel.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[:d:Q778615|Q778615]] | [[Machairodontinae]] | Machairodontinae | 33 | | [[File:Smilodon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[:d:Q2474088|Q2474088]] | [[Caninae]] | Caninae | 33 | | [[File:Caninae (Canini, Vulpini, Urocyon).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | [[:d:Q790653|Q790653]] | [[Salanoia concolor]] | Salanoia concolor | 33 | | [[File:Galidia olivacea Geoffroy.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Salanoia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[:d:Q912020|Q912020]] | [[Melogale orientalis]] | Melogale orientalis | 33 | | [[File:Melogale orientalis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[:d:Q947671|Q947671]] | [[Crossarchus obscurus]] | Crossarchus obscurus | 33 | | [[File:Crossarchus obscurus Plzen zoo 02.2011.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Crossarchus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[:d:Q185677|Q185677]] | [[Mungotictis decemlineata]] | Mungotictis decemlineata | 33 | | [[File:Schmalstreifenmungo.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungotictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[:d:Q1537751|Q1537751]] | [[Dologale dybowskii]] | Dologale dybowskii | 33 | | [[File:Dologale Dybowskii - Chinko Project Area - 20120516.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Dologale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[:d:Q535979|Q535979]] | [[Ailuropoda]] | Ailuropoda | 33 | | [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursidae]]<br/>[[Ailuropodinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[:d:Q153061|Q153061]] | [[Panthera pardus delacouri]] | Panthera pardus delacouri | 33 | | [[File:Indochinese leopard.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[:d:Q932079|Q932079]] | [[Ursus arctos beringianus]] | Ursus arctos beringianus | 33 | | [[File:Brown-bear-in-spring.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[:d:Q1997493|Q1997493]] | [[Ursus arctos pruinosus]] | Ursus arctos pruinosus | 33 | | [[File:Oji zoo, Kobe, Japan (6631356045).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[:d:Q677746|Q677746]] | [[Canis lupus lycaon]] | Canis lupus lycaon | 33 | | [[File:Eastern wolf in Algonquin Provincial Park 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[:d:Q837741|Q837741]] | [[Canis lupus hattai]] | Canis lupus hattai | 33 | | [[File:エゾオオカミ剥製・開拓記念館１９８４０９１４.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[:d:Q1188023|Q1188023]] | [[Canis lupus italicus]] | Canis lupus italicus | 33 | | [[File:C. l. italicus in MNP.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[:d:Q1154492|Q1154492]] | [[Spilogale]] | Spilogale | 32 | | [[File:Spilogale gracilis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[:d:Q43214|Q43214]] | [[Genetta maculata]] | Genetta maculata | 32 | | [[File:Rusty-spotted Genet (Genetta maculata) (32484079077).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | [[:d:Q43215|Q43215]] | [[Genetta johnstoni]] | Genetta johnstoni | 32 | | [[File:PZSL1907Plate54 (crop, genets of Nigeria).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | [[:d:Q43217|Q43217]] | [[Genetta angolensis]] | Genetta angolensis | 32 | | [[File:Genetta angolensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | [[:d:Q43222|Q43222]] | [[Genetta piscivora]] | Genetta piscivora | 32 | | [[File:Genetta piscivora.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | [[:d:Q267305|Q267305]] | [[Herpestes semitorquatus]] | Herpestes semitorquatus | 32 | | [[File:Herpestes semitorquatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | [[:d:Q135437653|Q135437653]] | [[Pusa saimensis]] | Pusa saimensis | 32 | | [[File:Pusa hispida saimensis 304551354.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | [[:d:Q1068616|Q1068616]] | [[Mephitis macroura]] | Mephitis macroura | 32 | | [[File:Hooded Skunk side (Gelsenkirchen).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis (taxon)|Mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | [[:d:Q981308|Q981308]] | [[Crossarchus]] | Crossarchus | 32 | | [[File:Cusimanse.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | [[:d:Q307068|Q307068]] | [[Helogale hirtula]] | Helogale hirtula | 32 | | [[File:Helogale hirtula 230649079.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | [[:d:Q690765|Q690765]] | [[Melogale everetti]] | Melogale everetti | 32 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | [[:d:Q1164873|Q1164873]] | [[Panthera gombaszoegensis]] | Panthera gombaszoegensis | 32 | | [[File:Panthera toscana.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | [[:d:Q7395585|Q7395585]] | [[Panthera spelaea]] | Panthera spelaea | 32 | | [[File:Panthera leo spelaea in Vienna.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | [[:d:Q688655|Q688655]] | [[Bassaricyon alleni]] | Bassaricyon alleni | 32 | | [[File:Bassaricyon alleni.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | [[:d:Q716620|Q716620]] | [[Neofelis nebulosa brachyura]] | Neofelis nebulosa brachyura | 32 | | [[File:LeopardusBrachyurusWolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis nebulosa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | [[:d:Q135911|Q135911]] | [[Zalophus]] | Zalophus | 31 | | [[File:Lion de mer Amnéville 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | [[:d:Q1507049|Q1507049]] | [[Mydaus]] | Mydaus | 31 | | [[File:Mydaus javanensis lucifer 236799987.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]]<br/>[[Mydainae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | [[:d:Q1516758|Q1516758]] | [[Spilogale angustifrons]] | Spilogale angustifrons | 31 | | [[File:Southern spotted skunk.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | [[:d:Q189978|Q189978]] | [[Poiana richardsonii]] | Poiana richardsonii | 31 | | [[File:Em - Poiana richardsonii 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Poiana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | [[:d:Q254223|Q254223]] | [[Mustela subpalmata]] | Mustela subpalmata | 31 | | [[File:The contemporary land mammals of Egypt (including Sinai) (1980) Fig. 124.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | [[:d:Q244233|Q244233]] | [[Helogale]] | Helogale | 31 | | [[File:Bristol.zoo.dwarf.mongoose.arp.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | [[:d:Q906970|Q906970]] | [[Galidictis fasciata]] | Galidictis fasciata | 31 | | [[File:Galidictis fasciata.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | [[:d:Q1139935|Q1139935]] | [[Crocuta crocuta spelaea]] | Crocuta crocuta spelaea | 31 | | [[File:Crocuta crocuta spelea Cueva de los Moros.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Crocuta crocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | [[:d:Q1464840|Q1464840]] | [[Mungos gambianus]] | Mungos gambianus | 31 | | [[File:The carnivores of West Africa BHL8726423, Mungos gambianus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | [[:d:Q30223|Q30223]] | [[Vulpini]] | Vulpini | 31 | | [[File:Vulpini.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | [[:d:Q132606|Q132606]] | [[Homotherium]] | Homotherium | 31 | | [[File:Homotherium latidens cub mummy fig2 (cropped).webp|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotherini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | [[:d:Q844216|Q844216]] | [[Ursus arctos nelsoni]] | Ursus arctos nelsoni | 31 | | [[File:Mexico grizzlies.png|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | [[:d:Q266883|Q266883]] | [[Canis lupus chanco]] | Canis lupus chanco | 31 | | [[File:Canis lupus chanco1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | [[:d:Q1068694|Q1068694]] | [[Canis lupus signatus]] | lobo de punta de nabo | 31 | | [[File:Iberian Wolf AdF 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | [[:d:Q934487|Q934487]] | [[Conepatus leuconotus]] | Conepatus leuconotus | 30 | | [[File:Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus 843835.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | [[:d:Q43207|Q43207]] | [[Genetta thierryi]] | Genetta thierryi | 30 | | [[File:Genetta thierryi Plzen zoo 02.2011.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | [[:d:Q43213|Q43213]] | [[Genetta pardina]] | Genetta pardina | 30 | | [[File:Genetta pardina.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | [[:d:Q1583150|Q1583150]] | [[Bdeogale jacksoni]] | Bdeogale jacksoni | 30 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale]]<br/>[[Galeriscus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | [[:d:Q1757286|Q1757286]] | [[Rhynchogale melleri]] | Rhynchogale melleri | 30 | | [[File:Smit.m.rhinogale.melleri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rhynchogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | [[:d:Q791240|Q791240]] | [[Bassariscus]] | Bassariscus | 30 | | [[File:Bassariscus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | [[:d:Q30772|Q30772]] | [[Ictonyx libyca]] | Ictonyx libyca | 30 | | [[File:Ictonyx libyca multivittata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | [[:d:Q559044|Q559044]] | [[Paradoxurus zeylonensis]] | Paradoxurus zeylonensis | 30 | | [[File:Golden palm civet, a mammal endemic to Sri Lanka at Peak Wilderness Sanctuary.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | [[:d:Q541756|Q541756]] | [[Crossarchus ansorgei]] | Crossarchus ansorgei | 30 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Crossarchus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | [[:d:Q1542671|Q1542671]] | [[Crossarchus alexandri]] | Crossarchus alexandri | 30 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Crossarchus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | [[:d:Q1421926|Q1421926]] | [[Liberiictis kuhni]] | Liberiictis kuhni | 30 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Liberiictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | [[:d:Q125814326|Q125814326]] | [[Lupulella mesomelas]] | Lupulella mesomelas | 30 | | [[File:2012-bb-jackal-1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | [[:d:Q125815593|Q125815593]] | [[Lupulella adusta]] | Lupulella adusta | 30 | | [[File:Side-striped Jackal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | [[:d:Q776670|Q776670]] | [[Puma concolor coryi]] | Puma concolor coryi | 30 | | [[File:Everglades National Park Florida Panther.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma|Puma concolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | [[:d:Q838517|Q838517]] | [[Panthera pardus japonensis]] | Panthera pardus japonensis | 30 | | [[File:Panthera pardus japonensis JdP.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | [[:d:Q716455|Q716455]] | [[Ursus thibetanus formosanus]] | Ursus thibetanus formosanus | 30 | | [[File:Formosan Black Bear.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | [[:d:Q3278878|Q3278878]] | [[Ursus arctos lasiotus]] | Ursus arctos lasiotus | 30 | | [[File:Ussuri Brown Bear Noboribetsu 2019.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | [[:d:Q3116028|Q3116028]] | [[Canis lupus occidentalis]] | Canis lupus occidentalis | 30 | | [[File:Wolf in Yellowstone National Park NPS15047.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | [[:d:Q1095105|Q1095105]] | [[Paradoxurinae]] | Paradoxurinae | 29 | | [[File:Binturong in Overloon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | [[:d:Q1145450|Q1145450]] | [[Conepatus]] | Conepatus | 29 | | [[File:Hog-nosed-skunk.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | [[:d:Q43223|Q43223]] | [[Genetta cristata]] | Genetta cristata | 29 | | [[File:Genetta-cristata-rose.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | [[:d:Q764948|Q764948]] | [[Herpestes naso]] | Herpestes naso | 29 | | [[File:Long-nosed mongoose (without bg).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | [[:d:Q243939|Q243939]] | [[Spilogale pygmaea]] | Spilogale pygmaea | 29 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | [[:d:Q944417|Q944417]] | [[Paracynictis selousi]] | Paracynictis selousi | 29 | | [[File:Paracynictis selousi Smit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paracynictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | [[:d:Q1968390|Q1968390]] | [[Poiana leightoni]] | Poiana leightoni | 29 | | [[File:1907Plate54 (crop, genets of Nigeria) Poiana leightoni.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[recombination]] | | [[Poiana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | [[:d:Q135914|Q135914]] | [[Mungos]] | Mungos | 29 | | [[File:Mongoosecotswoldwildlifepark.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | [[:d:Q131697|Q131697]] | [[Salanoia durrelli]] | Salanoia durrelli | 29 | | [[File:Alaotra carnivore credit Fidimalala Bruno Ralainasolo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Salanoia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | [[:d:Q149398|Q149398]] | [[Nasuella olivacea]] | Nasuella olivacea | 29 | | [[File:Nasua olivacea 112082177.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasuella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | [[:d:Q2626037|Q2626037]] | [[Arctodus]] | Arctodus | 29 | | [[File:Arctodus simus Page.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Tremarctinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | [[:d:Q221247|Q221247]] | [[Panthera leo melanochaitus]] | Panthera leo melanochaitus | 29 | | [[File:Cape Lion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | [[:d:Q2089056|Q2089056]] | [[Ursus maritimus × Ursus arctos]] | Ursus maritimus × Ursus arctos / Ursus arctos × maritimus | 29 | | [[File:Grolar.JPG|center|48px]] | [[hybrid]]<br/>[[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | [[:d:Q1533533|Q1533533]] | [[Ursus arctos gobiensis]] | Ursus arctos gobiensis | 29 | | [[File:Ursus arctos gobiensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | [[:d:Q131889|Q131889]] | [[Nimravidae]] | Nimravidae | 28 | | [[File:Hoplophoneus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | [[:d:Q2292156|Q2292156]] | [[Odobenidae]] | Odobenidae | 28 | | [[File:Noaa-walrus22.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caniformia]]<br/>[[Pinnipedia]]<br/>[[Otarioidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | [[:d:Q43211|Q43211]] | [[Genetta servalina]] | Genetta servalina | 28 | | [[File:Archives du Muséum d'histoire naturelle (1836) (19703830134).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | [[:d:Q2122042|Q2122042]] | [[Lutra nippon]] | Lutra nippon | 28 | | [[File:Lutra nippon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | [[:d:Q912339|Q912339]] | [[Galidictis grandidieri]] | Galidictis grandidieri | 28 | | [[File:Mungo1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | [[:d:Q134690|Q134690]] | [[Pardofelis]] | Pardofelis | 28 | | [[File:Lydekker - Marbled Cat.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | [[:d:Q132036|Q132036]] | [[Proailurus]] | Proailurus | 28 | | [[File:Proailurus lemanensis skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Proailurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | [[:d:Q956107|Q956107]] | [[leopon]] | Panthera pardus × Panthera leo | 28 | | [[File:Leopon04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | [[:d:Q280189|Q280189]] | [[leopardo de Zanzibar]] | Panthera pardus adersi | 28 | | [[File:Zanzibar Leopard 2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | [[:d:Q1061290|Q1061290]] | [[Canis lupus campestris]] | Canis lupus campestris | 28 | | [[File:Wolf on alert.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | [[:d:Q198350|Q198350]] | [[Viverrinae]] | Viverrinae | 27 | | [[File:AfricanCivet.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | [[:d:Q1546563|Q1546563]] | [[Bdeogale]] | Bdeogale | 27 | | [[File:Bdeogale crassicauda.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | [[:d:Q41133|Q41133]] | [[Genetta victoriae]] | Genetta victoriae | 27 | | [[File:GenettaVictoriaeSmit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | [[:d:Q43208|Q43208]] | [[Genetta bourloni]] | Genetta bourloni | 27 | | [[File:Genetta bourloni.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | [[:d:Q43209|Q43209]] | [[Genetta poensis]] | Genetta poensis | 27 | | [[File:PZSL1907Plate54 (crop, genets of Nigeria).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | [[:d:Q1426206|Q1426206]] | [[Crossarchus platycephalus]] | Crossarchus platycephalus | 27 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Crossarchus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | [[:d:Q133364|Q133364]] | [[Dinofelis]] | Dinofelis | 27 | | [[File:Dinofelis barlowi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Metailurini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | [[:d:Q16590235|Q16590235]] | [[Leopardus guttulus]] | Leopardus guttulus | 27 | | [[File:Leopardus guttulus-REBIO Municipal da Serra do Japi-Marcelo Figueiroa(001).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]]<br/>[[Oncifelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | [[:d:Q2468673|Q2468673]] | [[Canis himalayensis]] | Canis himalayensis | 27 | | [[File:Wolf.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | [[:d:Q118979|Q118979]] | [[Galerella]] | Galerella | 26 | | [[File:Slender Mongoose (Galerella sanguinea) (6026100674).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | [[:d:Q2299553|Q2299553]] | [[Galerella ochracea]] | Galerella ochracea | 26 | | [[File:HerpestesOchraceusWolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | [[:d:Q511072|Q511072]] | [[Panthera leo fossilis]] | Panthera fossilis | 26 | | [[File:Panthera fossilis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | [[:d:Q1274400|Q1274400]] | [[Machairodus]] | Machairodus | 26 | | [[File:Machairodus giganteus 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | [[:d:Q1541406|Q1541406]] | [[Panthera tigris trinilensis]] | Panthera tigris trinilensis | 26 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | [[:d:Q670959|Q670959]] | [[Panthera pardus panthera]] | Panthera pardus panthera | 26 | | [[File:The last barbary leopard.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | [[:d:Q754336|Q754336]] | [[Panthera pardus tulliana]] | Panthera pardus tulliana | 26 | | [[File:Persian Leopard sitting.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | [[:d:Q683207|Q683207]] | [[Arctodus simus]] | Arctodus simus | 26 | | [[File:ArctodusSimusSkeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | [[:d:Q122835073|Q122835073]] | [[Nyctereutes viverrinus]] | Nyctereutes viverrinus | 26 | | [[File:Tanuki in Higashiyama Zoo - 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | [[:d:Q3235669|Q3235669]] | [[Arctoidea]] | Arctoidea | 25 | | [[File:Procyon lotor 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | [[:d:Q258485|Q258485]] | [[Salanoia]] | Salanoia | 25 | | [[File:Galidia olivacea Geoffroy.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Galidiinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | [[:d:Q690677|Q690677]] | [[Galidictis]] | Galidictis | 25 | | [[File:Mungo1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidiinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | [[:d:Q1137422|Q1137422]] | [[Mustela africana]] | Mustela africana | 25 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | [[:d:Q337197|Q337197]] | [[Tremarctinae]] | Tremarctinae | 25 | | [[File:Spectacled Bear Tennoji 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | [[:d:Q468586|Q468586]] | [[Miracinonyx]] | Miracinonyx | 25 | | [[File:Miracinonyx (american cheetah).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | [[:d:Q2164570|Q2164570]] | [[Lynx lynx balcanicus]] | Lynx lynx balcanicus | 25 | | [[File:Balkan Lynx (Lynx lynx martinoi).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | [[:d:Q2089426|Q2089426]] | [[Ursus arctos collaris]] | Ursus arctos collaris | 25 | | [[File:Ucollaris.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | [[:d:Q2360936|Q2360936]] | [[Ursus arctos marsicanus]] | Ursus arctos marsicanus | 25 | | [[File:Passeggiando semplicemente.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | [[:d:Q46605397|Q46605397]] | [[Aonyx congicus]] | Aonyx congicus | 24 | | [[File:Mazu from Congo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx]]<br/>[[Aonyx capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | [[:d:Q7901176|Q7901176]] | [[Ursinae]] | Ursinae | 24 | | [[File:Bär Züri.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | [[:d:Q2164369|Q2164369]] | [[Acinonyx jubatus hecki]] | Acinonyx jubatus hecki | 24 | | [[File:Northeast African Cheetah (14846381095) 2013.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[gepardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | [[:d:Q2562912|Q2562912]] | [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis]] | Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis | 24 | | [[File:Ailuropoda melanoleuca qinlingensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | [[:d:Q11954112|Q11954112]] | [[Ursus thibetanus laniger]] | Ursus thibetanus laniger | 24 | | [[File:Himalayan bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | [[:d:Q576039|Q576039]] | [[Canis lupus tundrarum]] | Canis lupus tundrarum | 24 | | [[File:Canis lupus tundrarum Lobo Park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | [[:d:Q718688|Q718688]] | [[Canis lupus nubilus]] | Canis lupus nubilus | 24 | | [[File:Lobo wolf 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | [[:d:Q10328397|Q10328397]] | [[Melinae]] | Melinae | 23 | | [[File:Badger 25-07-09 closer.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | [[:d:Q1088569|Q1088569]] | [[Galidiinae]] | Galidiinae | 23 | | [[File:Ring-tailed vontsira (Galidia elegans) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eupleridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | [[:d:Q139110|Q139110]] | [[Amphicyon]] | Amphicyon | 23 | | [[File:Amphicyon ingens White Background.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | [[:d:Q133084|Q133084]] | [[Barbourofelis]] | Barbourofelis | 23 | | [[File:Barbourofelis fricki.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | [[:d:Q2272925|Q2272925]] | [[Acinonyx pardinensis]] | Acinonyx pardinensis | 23 | | [[File:Acinonyx pardinensis 2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Acinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | [[:d:Q133945|Q133945]] | [[Megantereon]] | Megantereon | 23 | | [[File:Megantereon cultridens model.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Smilodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | [[:d:Q2118614|Q2118614]] | [[Leon sudafrican]] | Panthera leo krugeri | 23 | | [[File:Male Lion and Cub Chitwa South Africa Luca Galuzzi 2004 edit1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 423 | [[:d:Q2262382|Q2262382]] | [[leon massai]] | Panthera leo massaica | 23 | | [[File:Lion in masai mara.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 424 | [[:d:Q2620076|Q2620076]] | [[Felis silvestris caucasica]] | Felis silvestris caucasica | 23 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 425 | [[:d:Q2089432|Q2089432]] | [[Ursus americanus cinnamomum]] | Ursus americanus cinnamomum | 23 | | [[File:Cinnamon bear by J T Bowen after John James Audubon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 426 | [[:d:Q2565286|Q2565286]] | [[Ursus arctos californicus]] | Ursus arctos californicus | 23 | | [[File:Monarch the bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 427 | [[:d:Q728631|Q728631]] | [[Canis aureus lupaster]] | Canis aureus lupaster | 23 | | [[File:Canis anthus - Cécile Bloch 5.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 428 | [[:d:Q132657|Q132657]] | [[Barbourofelidae]] | Barbourofelidae | 22 | | [[File:Barbourofelis loveorum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 429 | [[:d:Q135094|Q135094]] | [[Pachycrocuta]] | Pachycrocuta | 22 | | [[File:Zhoukoudian Pachycrocuta.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 430 | [[:d:Q1018988|Q1018988]] | [[Hemigalinae]] | Hemigalinae | 22 | | [[File:Banded Palm Civet.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 431 | [[:d:Q1508910|Q1508910]] | [[Mustela felipei]] | Mustela felipei | 22 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 432 | [[:d:Q14617469|Q14617469]] | [[Bassaricyon medius]] | Bassaricyon medius | 22 | | [[File:Western Lowland Olingo (Bassaricyon medius orinomus) in life - ZooKeys-324-001-g023 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 433 | [[:d:Q221268|Q221268]] | [[Panthera leo sinhaleyus]] | Panthera leo sinhaleyus | 22 | | [[File:Panthera Leo Sinhayeus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 434 | [[:d:Q950590|Q950590]] | [[Leon senegalese]] | Panthera leo senegalensis | 22 | | [[File:West African male lion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 435 | [[:d:Q3893464|Q3893464]] | [[Panthera leo azandica]] | Panthera leo azandica | 22 | | [[File:Lion in Murchison Falls National Park.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 436 | [[:d:Q11954115|Q11954115]] | [[Ursus thibetanus japonicus]] | Ursus thibetanus japonicus | 22 | | [[File:202308 Japanese black bear.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 437 | [[:d:Q1576480|Q1576480]] | [[Galerella flavescens]] | Galerella flavescens | 21 | | [[File:Galerella flavescens.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 438 | [[:d:Q21223141|Q21223141]] | [[Lupulella]] | Lupulella | 21 | | [[File:Lupulella.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 439 | [[:d:Q1716674|Q1716674]] | [[Cryptoprocta spelea]] | Cryptoprocta spelea | 21 | | [[File:Fossa de les cavernes.png|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Cryptoprocta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 440 | [[:d:Q3768986|Q3768986]] | [[Tremarctos]] | Tremarctos | 21 | | [[File:Urso de óculos.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 441 | [[:d:Q853117|Q853117]] | [[Lynx issiodorensis]] | Lynx issiodorensis | 21 | | [[File:Lynx issiodorensis 2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 442 | [[:d:Q192492|Q192492]] | [[Panthera leo spelaea]] | Panthera leo spelaea | 21 | | [[File:Hoehlenloewe CaveLion hharder.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 443 | [[:d:Q33140849|Q33140849]] | [[Guloninae]] | Guloninae | 20 | | [[File:Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 444 | [[:d:Q1352915|Q1352915]] | [[Eusmilus]] | Eusmilus | 20 | | [[File:Eusmilus adelosDB24.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 445 | [[:d:Q745389|Q745389]] | [[Euplerinae]] | Euplerinae | 20 | | [[File:Fossa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eupleridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 446 | [[:d:Q2600180|Q2600180]] | [[Neovison]] | Neovison | 20 | | [[File:American mink geograph.co.uk 2083077.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 447 | [[:d:Q141424|Q141424]] | [[Cryptoprocta]] | Cryptoprocta | 20 | | [[File:Cryptoprocta Ferox.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Euplerinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 448 | [[:d:Q11906411|Q11906411]] | [[Arctonyx]] | Arctonyx | 20 | | [[File:Arctonyx collaris - Sterndale.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 449 | [[:d:Q2729984|Q2729984]] | [[Borophaginae]] | Borophaginae | 20 | | [[File:Aelurodon stirtoni.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 450 | [[:d:Q123900653|Q123900653]] | [[Urva auropunctata]] | Urva auropunctata | 20 | | [[File:Astonished.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 451 | [[:d:Q2076664|Q2076664]] | [[Arctotherium]] | Arctotherium | 20 | | [[File:Arctotherium.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Tremarctinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 452 | [[:d:Q3893470|Q3893470]] | [[Panthera leo bleyenberghi]] | Panthera leo bleyenberghi | 20 | | [[File:Die pure Kraft - Löwe im Etosha-Nationalpark.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 453 | [[:d:Q42576|Q42576]] | [[Felis silvestris lybica]] | Felis silvestris lybica | 20 | | [[File:Felis silvestris lybica 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[homotypic synonym]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 454 | [[:d:Q4853062|Q4853062]] | [[Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus]] | Ursus thibetanus gedrosianus | 20 | | [[File:خرس سیاه - رودان.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 455 | [[:d:Q2985924|Q2985924]] | [[Ursus maritimus tyrannus]] | Ursus maritimus tyrannus | 20 | | [[File:Ursus maritimus tyrannus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Urso polar|Ursus maritimus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 456 | [[:d:Q20721832|Q20721832]] | [[Neomonachus]] | Neomonachus | 19 | | [[File:Monachus schauinslandi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 457 | [[:d:Q524436|Q524436]] | [[Dinictis]] | Dinictis | 19 | | [[File:Dinictis (37599002081).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 458 | [[:d:Q895480|Q895480]] | [[Puijila darwini]] | Puijila darwini | 19 | | [[File:Puijila BW.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Puijila]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 459 | [[:d:Q2898113|Q2898113]] | [[Speothos]] | Speothos | 19 | | [[File:Bush dog.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 460 | [[:d:Q12061410|Q12061410]] | [[Lycaon]] | Lycaon | 19 | | [[File:African wild dog (24273710124).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 461 | [[:d:Q213044|Q213044]] | [[Catopuma badia]] | Pardofelis badia | 19 | | [[File:Bay cat 1 Jim Sanderson-cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pardofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 462 | [[:d:Q20907997|Q20907997]] | [[Nasua narica nelsoni]] | Nasua narica nelsoni | 19 | | [[File:Nasua narica nelsoni 355393620.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua narica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 463 | [[:d:Q615621|Q615621]] | [[Canis lupus hudsonicus]] | Canis lupus hudsonicus | 19 | | [[File:Canis lupus hudsonicus Olomouc 2022.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 464 | [[:d:Q1197437|Q1197437]] | [[Fissipedia]] | Fissipedia | 18 | | [[File:Fissipedia portraits.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[carnivoros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 465 | [[:d:Q55333185|Q55333185]] | [[Ictonychinae]] | Ictonychinae | 18 | | [[File:Greater grison.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 466 | [[:d:Q2896244|Q2896244]] | [[Dusicyon]] | Dusicyon | 18 | | [[File:FalklandIslandFox2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 467 | [[:d:Q141533|Q141533]] | [[Xenosmilus]] | Xenosmilus | 18 | | [[File:Xenosmilus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 468 | [[:d:Q1194753|Q1194753]] | [[Panthera palaeosinensis]] | Panthera palaeosinensis | 18 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 469 | [[:d:Q150641|Q150641]] | [[Bassaricyon beddardi]] | Bassaricyon beddardi | 18 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 470 | [[:d:Q524040|Q524040]] | [[Canis lupus beothucus]] | Canis lupus beothucus | 18 | | [[File:NewfoundlandWolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 471 | [[:d:Q1471138|Q1471138]] | [[Canis lupus irremotus]] | Canis lupus irremotus | 18 | | [[File:Canis lupus standing in snow.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 472 | [[:d:Q135088|Q135088]] | [[Hoplophoneus]] | Hoplophoneus | 17 | | [[File:Hoplophoneus primevus IMG 4443.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 473 | [[:d:Q2899249|Q2899249]] | [[Lutrogale]] | Lutrogale | 17 | | [[File:2006-kabini-otter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 474 | [[:d:Q2500116|Q2500116]] | [[Kolponomos]] | Kolponomos | 17 | | [[File:Kolponomos clallamensis skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicynodontidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 475 | [[:d:Q2342656|Q2342656]] | [[Hesperocyoninae]] | Hesperocyoninae | 17 | | [[File:Mesocyon skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 476 | [[:d:Q10748756|Q10748756]] | [[Melogale cucphuongensis]] | Melogale cucphuongensis | 17 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 477 | [[:d:Q107473331|Q107473331]] | [[Meles canescens]] | Meles canescens | 17 | | [[File:Badger Crete.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 478 | [[:d:Q123862361|Q123862361]] | [[Urva edwardsii]] | Urva edwardsii | 17 | | [[File:Herpestes edwardsii at Hyderaba.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 479 | [[:d:Q930386|Q930386]] | [[Martes americana atrata]] | Martes americana atrata | 17 | | [[File:Newfoundland Pine Marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 480 | [[:d:Q148240|Q148240]] | [[Puma pardoides]] | Puma pardoides | 17 | | [[File:Puma schaubi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 481 | [[:d:Q150587|Q150587]] | [[Bassaricyon pauli]] | Bassaricyon pauli | 17 | | [[File:Bushy tailed olingo-2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 482 | [[:d:Q150602|Q150602]] | [[Bassaricyon lasius]] | Bassaricyon lasius | 17 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 483 | [[:d:Q2118534|Q2118534]] | [[Cynotherium sardous]] | Cynotherium sardous | 17 | | [[File:Cynotherium sardous restoration.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 484 | [[:d:Q2672197|Q2672197]] | [[Ursus etruscus]] | Ursus etruscus | 17 | | [[File:Ursusetrusc.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 485 | [[:d:Q137418|Q137418]] | [[Borophagus]] | Borophagus | 17 | | [[File:Borophagus cropped.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 486 | [[:d:Q1028402|Q1028402]] | [[Canis lupus orion]] | Canis lupus orion | 17 | | [[File:The Wolves of North America (1944) Greenland draught wolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 487 | [[:d:Q135599|Q135599]] | [[Ictitherium]] | Ictitherium | 16 | | [[File:Ictitherium viverrinum.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 488 | [[:d:Q137581|Q137581]] | [[Chasmaporthetes]] | Chasmaporthetes | 16 | | [[File:Chasmaportethes lunensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 489 | [[:d:Q17509689|Q17509689]] | [[Eupleres]] | Eupleres | 16 | | [[File:EupleresGoudotiSmit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Euplerinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 490 | [[:d:Q107548263|Q107548263]] | [[Neogale]] | Neogale | 16 | | [[File:I Am Weasel (15483000477).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 491 | [[:d:Q134562|Q134562]] | [[Nimravus]] | Nimravus | 16 | | [[File:Nimravus - Roger Witter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 492 | [[:d:Q3308205|Q3308205]] | [[Ursavus]] | Ursavus | 16 | | [[File:Ursavus tedforti.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 493 | [[:d:Q30693726|Q30693726]] | [[Prionailurus javanensis]] | Prionailurus javanensis | 16 | | [[File:Sunda Leopard Cat (Sabah, Borneo).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 494 | [[:d:Q1002390|Q1002390]] | [[Metailurus]] | Metailurus | 16 | | [[File:Metailurus (Metailurus sp) Asenovgrad2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Metailurini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 495 | [[:d:Q20907096|Q20907096]] | [[Northern lynx]] | Lynx lynx lynx | 16 | | [[File:Gaupe - Lynx (24821467410).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 496 | [[:d:Q57818409|Q57818409]] | [[Felis silvestris catus]] | Felis silvestris catus | 16 | | [[File:Cat November 2010-1a.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 497 | [[:d:Q2415423|Q2415423]] | [[Epicyon]] | Epicyon | 16 | | [[File:Epicyon haydeni skeleton (white background).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 498 | [[:d:Q11704938|Q11704938]] | [[Ursus arctos gyas]] | Ursus arctos gyas | 16 | | [[File:Brown bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 499 | [[:d:Q428078|Q428078]] | [[Canis lupus alces]] | Canis lupus alces | 16 | | [[File:The Wolves of North America (1944) C. l. alces ♂.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 500 | [[:d:Q430115|Q430115]] | [[Canis lupus pambasileus]] | Canis lupus pambasileus | 16 | | [[File:Wolf on the move.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 501 | [[:d:Q719570|Q719570]] | [[Canis lupus columbianus]] | Canis lupus columbianus | 16 | | [[File:Black Canis lupus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 502 | [[:d:Q134908|Q134908]] | [[Percrocutidae]] | Percrocutidae | 15 | | [[File:Dinocrocuta gigantea.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 503 | [[:d:Q1303308|Q1303308]] | [[Hyaeninae]] | Hyaeninae | 15 | | [[File:Crocuta-hejda.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 504 | [[:d:Q3605074|Q3605074]] | [[Adcrocuta]] | Adcrocuta | 15 | | [[File:Adcrocuta eximia, Asenovgrad.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 505 | [[:d:Q10750855|Q10750855]] | [[Crocuta]] | Crocuta | 15 | | [[File:Crocuta crocuta Mara Triangle.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaenidae]]<br/>[[Hyaeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 506 | [[:d:Q9776562|Q9776562]] | [[Viverroidea]] | Viverroidea | 15 | | [[File:Viverroidea.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 507 | [[:d:Q747851|Q747851]] | [[Enaliarctos]] | Enaliarctos | 15 | | [[File:Enaliarctos mealsi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enaliarctidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 508 | [[:d:Q1000261|Q1000261]] | [[Cynodictis]] | Cynodictis | 15 | | [[File:Cynodictis Natural History Museum Vienna.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 509 | [[:d:Q99217654|Q99217654]] | [[Urva]] | Urva | 15 | | [[File:Urva urva 77938111.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 510 | [[:d:Q132747|Q132747]] | [[Pseudaelurus]] | Pseudaelurus | 15 | | [[File:Pseudaelurus teeth.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 511 | [[:d:Q2566925|Q2566925]] | [[Chapalmalania]] | Chapalmalania | 15 | | [[File:Chapalmalania.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 512 | [[:d:Q4119064|Q4119064]] | [[Ailurarctos]] | Ailurarctos | 15 | | [[File:Ailurarctos paleoart.webp|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 513 | [[:d:Q2333795|Q2333795]] | [[Agriotherium]] | Agriotherium | 15 | | [[File:Agriotherium maraghanus mandible.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 514 | [[:d:Q135227|Q135227]] | [[Metailurini]] | Metailurini | 15 | | [[File:Dinofelis15DB.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 515 | [[:d:Q2262856|Q2262856]] | [[Smilodontini]] | Smilodontini | 15 | | [[File:Smilodon californicus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 516 | [[:d:Q1947861|Q1947861]] | [[Hesperocyon]] | Hesperocyon | 15 | | [[File:Hesperocyon skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hesperocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 517 | [[:d:Q5442094|Q5442094]] | [[Felis lunensis]] | Felis lunensis | 15 | e un felino estinto della sottofamiglia dei felinae | [[File:Felis lunensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 518 | [[:d:Q292596|Q292596]] | [[Panthera zdanskyi]] | Panthera zdanskyi | 15 | | [[File:Panthera zdanskyi.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 519 | [[:d:Q310780|Q310780]] | [[Tremarctos floridanus]] | Tremarctos floridanus | 15 | | [[File:Florida Spectacled Bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Tremarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 520 | [[:d:Q20721337|Q20721337]] | [[Gepardo african del sud]] | Acinonyx jubatus jubatus | 15 | | [[File:Cheetah Umfolozi SouthAfrica MWegmann.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[gepardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 521 | [[:d:Q26284377|Q26284377]] | [[Siberian lynx]] | Lynx lynx wrangeli | 15 | | [[File:Lynx de Sibérie à Saint Martin la Plaine (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 522 | [[:d:Q27627877|Q27627877]] | [[Caucasian lynx]] | Lynx lynx dinniki | 15 | | [[File:Darica Vashak 01157.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 523 | [[:d:Q27627917|Q27627917]] | [[Turkestan lynx]] | Lynx lynx isabellinus | 15 | | [[File:Parc des felins Felin 06.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 524 | [[:d:Q255441|Q255441]] | [[Ursus deningeri]] | Ursus deningeri | 15 | | [[File:Atapuerca carnivore skull 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 525 | [[:d:Q311939|Q311939]] | [[Ursus minimus]] | Ursus minimus | 15 | | [[File:Ursus minimus 1.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 526 | [[:d:Q2840949|Q2840949]] | [[Ursus thibetanus ussuricus]] | Ursus thibetanus ussuricus | 15 | | [[File:Ursus thibetanus ussuricus Kaliningrad Zoo.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 527 | [[:d:Q3696387|Q3696387]] | [[coywolf]] | Canis latrans var. | 15 | | [[File:Captivecoywolfhybrid.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[canid hybrid]] | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 528 | [[:d:Q793475|Q793475]] | [[Ursus arctos piscator]] | Ursus arctos piscator | 15 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 529 | [[:d:Q1127210|Q1127210]] | [[Canis lupus labradorius]] | Canis lupus labradorius | 15 | | [[File:Face à face (28711329178).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 530 | [[:d:Q1164673|Q1164673]] | [[Canis lupus griseoalbus]] | Canis lupus griseoalbus | 15 | | [[File:Commissioners' report (1892) (14569119587).jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 531 | [[:d:Q9776204|Q9776204]] | [[Herpestoidea]] | Herpestoidea | 14 | | [[File:Herpestoidea.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]]<br/>[[Viverroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 532 | [[:d:Q1636008|Q1636008]] | [[Potamotherium miocenicum]] | Potamotherium | 14 | | [[File:Potamotherium.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Semantoridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 533 | [[:d:Q11905313|Q11905313]] | [[Amphicynodontidae]] | Amphicynodontidae | 14 | | [[File:Kolponomos NT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 534 | [[:d:Q13564654|Q13564654]] | [[Mellivora]] | Mellivora | 14 | | [[File:Honey badger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Mellivorinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 535 | [[:d:Q16894566|Q16894566]] | [[Gulo]] | Gulo | 14 | genere de mammifero | [[File:Gulo gulo 03.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 536 | [[:d:Q138900|Q138900]] | [[Leptocyon]] | Leptocyon | 14 | | [[File:Leptocyon gregorii holotype AMNH 12879.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 537 | [[:d:Q932165|Q932165]] | [[pumapard]] | Puma concolor × Panthera pardus | 14 | | [[File:Pumapard-1904.jpg|center|48px]] | [[hybrid]]<br/>[[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos]]<br/>[[Panthera hybrid]] | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 538 | [[:d:Q2895094|Q2895094]] | [[Nasuella]] | Nasuella | 14 | | [[File:Ulisse Aldrovandi - Mountain Coati.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 539 | [[:d:Q116894337|Q116894337]] | [[Neogale africana]] | Neogale africana | 14 | | [[File:Neogale africana.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 540 | [[:d:Q2720989|Q2720989]] | [[Cozumel fox]] | No/unknown value | 14 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 541 | [[:d:Q2117758|Q2117758]] | [[Vulpes vulpes arabica]] | Vulpes vulpes arabica | 14 | | [[File:Arabian Red Fox 5 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 542 | [[:d:Q13410550|Q13410550]] | [[Vulpes vulpes kurdistanica]] | Vulpes vulpes kurdistanica | 14 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes Kurdistanica (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 543 | [[:d:Q2576461|Q2576461]] | [[Ailuropoda microta]] | Ailuropoda microta | 14 | | [[File:Ailuropoda microta.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuropoda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 544 | [[:d:Q1035243|Q1035243]] | [[Hemicyon]] | Hemicyon | 14 | | [[File:(MHNT) Hemicyon stehlini Hürzeler, 1944 - crâne.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 545 | [[:d:Q16615647|Q16615647]] | [[Panthera tigris soloensis]] | Panthera tigris soloensis | 14 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 546 | [[:d:Q20907143|Q20907143]] | [[Panthera leo melanochaita]] | Panthera leo melanochaita | 14 | | [[File:Panthera leo - Etosha 2014.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 547 | [[:d:Q11704940|Q11704940]] | [[Ursus arctos sitkensis]] | Ursus arctos sitkensis | 14 | | [[File:Sitka brown bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 548 | [[:d:Q2892917|Q2892917]] | [[Indarctos]] | Indarctos | 14 | | [[File:Indarctos atticus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Agriotheriini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 549 | [[:d:Q790069|Q790069]] | [[Canis lupus bernardi]] | Canis lupus bernardi | 14 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 550 | [[:d:Q18604635|Q18604635]] | [[Acrophoca]] | Acrophoca | 13 | | [[File:Acrophoca longirostris.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 551 | [[:d:Q1635565|Q1635565]] | [[Percrocuta]] | Percrocuta | 13 | | [[File:Dinocrocuta101 flipped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Percrocutidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 552 | [[:d:Q2056160|Q2056160]] | [[Sansanosmilus]] | Sansanosmilus | 13 | | [[File:Comparison Sansanosmilus palmidens - Necromanis franconica.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 553 | [[:d:Q5278579|Q5278579]] | [[Dinocrocuta]] | Dinocrocuta | 13 | | [[File:Dinocrocuta.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Percrocutidae]]<br/>[[Percrocutinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 554 | [[:d:Q5832825|Q5832825]] | [[Enhydra]] | Enhydra | 13 | | [[File:Sea otter cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 555 | [[:d:Q25427460|Q25427460]] | [[Martes caurina]] | Martes caurina | 13 | | [[File:Pacific marten Martes caurina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 556 | [[:d:Q1791493|Q1791493]] | [[Eucyon]] | Eucyon | 13 | | [[File:Eucyon davisi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 557 | [[:d:Q19817113|Q19817113]] | [[Suricata]] | Suricata | 13 | | [[File:Meerkat feb 09.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Mungosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 558 | [[:d:Q1607239|Q1607239]] | [[Simocyon]] | Simocyon | 13 | | [[File:Simocyon primigenius.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 559 | [[:d:Q19817309|Q19817309]] | [[Ailurus]] | Ailurus | 13 | | [[File:Ailurus fulgens Cerza.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 560 | [[:d:Q19717139|Q19717139]] | [[Arctonyx albogularis]] | Arctonyx albogularis | 13 | | [[File:Recherches pour servir à l'histoire naturelle des mammifères (Pl. 62) (7093196697).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 561 | [[:d:Q16974134|Q16974134]] | [[Amphimachairodus]] | Amphimachairodus | 13 | | [[File:Machairodus giganteus 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 562 | [[:d:Q848814|Q848814]] | [[Vulpes vulpes schrenckii]] | Vulpes vulpes schrenckii | 13 | | [[File:Ezo red fox, Japan; February 2021 (03).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 563 | [[:d:Q33229472|Q33229472]] | [[Canina]] | Canina | 13 | | [[File:Canina portraits.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canini (taxon)|Canini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 564 | [[:d:Q2260339|Q2260339]] | [[Panthera youngi]] | Panthera youngi | 13 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 565 | [[:d:Q3768880|Q3768880]] | [[Panthera onca arizonensis]] | Panthera onca arizonensis | 13 | | [[File:El-jefe-jaguar-fws1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 566 | [[:d:Q948186|Q948186]] | [[Ursus americanus carlottae]] | Ursus americanus carlottae | 13 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 567 | [[:d:Q2333391|Q2333391]] | [[Melursus ursinus inornatus]] | Melursus ursinus inornatus | 13 | | [[File:Sri Lankan sloth bear (Melursus ursinus inornatus) male 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melursus ursinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 568 | [[:d:Q3622157|Q3622157]] | [[coydog]] | Canis latrans × Canis lupus familiaris | 13 | | [[File:The Clever Coyote (1951) Coydogs.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[dog hybrid]] | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 569 | [[:d:Q621631|Q621631]] | [[Canis lupus ligoni]] | Canis lupus ligoni | 13 | | [[File:The Wolves of North America (1944) C. l. ligoni ♂.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 570 | [[:d:Q736878|Q736878]] | [[Canis lupus manningi]] | Canis lupus manningi | 13 | | [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate IV) C. l. manningi mod.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 571 | [[:d:Q912965|Q912965]] | [[Canis lupus youngi]] | Canis lupus youngi | 13 | | [[File:The Wolves of North America (1944) C. l. youngi ♂.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 572 | [[:d:Q2887172|Q2887172]] | [[Desmatophocidae]] | Desmatophocidae | 12 | | [[File:Skeleton of Allodesmus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pinnipedia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 573 | [[:d:Q5361186|Q5361186]] | [[Odobenus]] | Odobenus | 12 | | [[File:Walrus2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 574 | [[:d:Q28157277|Q28157277]] | [[Herpestes flavescens]] | Herpestes flavescens | 12 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 575 | [[:d:Q856432|Q856432]] | [[Pogonodon]] | Pogonodon | 12 | | [[File:Pogonodon platycopis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 576 | [[:d:Q20672084|Q20672084]] | [[Dinaelurus crassus]] | Dinaelurus | 12 | | [[File:Dinaelurus crassus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Nimravinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 577 | [[:d:Q18510844|Q18510844]] | [[Proteles]] | Proteles | 12 | | [[File:Proteles cristatus1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Protelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 578 | [[:d:Q107657638|Q107657638]] | [[Mustela haidarum]] | Mustela haidarum | 12 | | [[File:Haida Ermine (Mustela haidarum).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 579 | [[:d:Q142407|Q142407]] | [[Protocyon]] | Protocyon | 12 | | [[File:MPCN Villa Escolar. Perro prehistórico. Fotografía 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 580 | [[:d:Q979764|Q979764]] | [[Archaeocyon]] | Archaeocyon | 12 | | [[File:Cormocyon leptodus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 581 | [[:d:Q2946611|Q2946611]] | [[Cerdocyon]] | Cerdocyon | 12 | | [[File:Maikong in Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia 3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 582 | [[:d:Q2558790|Q2558790]] | [[Pusa hispida ladogensis]] | Pusa hispida ladogensis | 12 | | [[File:Lake Ladoga Seal iNaturalist.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca hispida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 583 | [[:d:Q19717143|Q19717143]] | [[Arctonyx hoevenii]] | Arctonyx hoevenii | 12 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 584 | [[:d:Q17560554|Q17560554]] | [[Ailuropodinae]] | Ailuropodinae | 12 | | [[File:Panda ChiangMaiZoo humarkus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 585 | [[:d:Q27962593|Q27962593]] | [[Enhydriodon]] | Enhydriodon | 12 | | [[File:Enhydriodon Omoensis Femur Views.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enhydriodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 586 | [[:d:Q2051668|Q2051668]] | [[Paramachairodus]] | Paramachaerodus | 12 | | [[File:M. Antón. (2013). Walking with sabertooths (fig. 7).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 587 | [[:d:Q2060602|Q2060602]] | [[Aelurodon]] | Aelurodon | 12 | | [[File:Aelurodon taxoides.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 588 | [[:d:Q3122095|Q3122095]] | [[Speothos pacivorus]] | Speothos pacivorus | 12 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Speothos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 589 | [[:d:Q6707157|Q6707157]] | [[Lycaon sekowei]] | Lycaon sekowei | 12 | | [[File:Postcranial skeleton of a wild dog.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lycaon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 590 | [[:d:Q6967764|Q6967764]] | [[Nasuella meridensis]] | Nasuella meridensis | 12 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasuella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 591 | [[:d:Q3768566|Q3768566]] | [[Vulpes vulpes peculiosa]] | Vulpes vulpes peculiosa | 12 | | [[File:Korean fox.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 592 | [[:d:Q19692941|Q19692941]] | [[Xenocyon]] | Xenocyon | 12 | | [[File:Xenocyon falconeri 2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canini (taxon)|Canini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 593 | [[:d:Q15149619|Q15149619]] | [[Panthera blytheae]] | Panthera blytheae | 12 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 594 | [[:d:Q646185|Q646185]] | [[Nimravides]] | Nimravides | 12 | | [[File:Nimravides catacopis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotheriini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 595 | [[:d:Q3241792|Q3241792]] | [[Panthera leo nubica]] | Panthera leo nubica | 12 | | [[File:Annual report - New York Zoological Society (1903) (18243500220).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 596 | [[:d:Q6059906|Q6059906]] | [[Panthera tigris acutidens]] | Panthera tigris acutidens | 12 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 597 | [[:d:Q20720735|Q20720735]] | [[Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii]] | Acinonyx jubatus soemmeringii | 12 | | [[File:Gepard soemmeringii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[gepardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 598 | [[:d:Q1988192|Q1988192]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus]] | Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus | 12 | | [[File:Tsushima Cat 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 599 | [[:d:Q29467104|Q29467104]] | [[Scottish wildcat]] | Felis silvestris grampia | 12 | | [[File:Scottish wildcat & kitten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[taxon synonyme]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 600 | [[:d:Q5032444|Q5032444]] | [[Canis lepophagus]] | Canis lepophagus | 12 | | [[File:Canis lepophagus Fossil.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 601 | [[:d:Q9092013|Q9092013]] | [[Ursus americanus emmonsii]] | Ursus americanus emmonsii | 12 | | [[File:Glacier Bear with cubs.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 602 | [[:d:Q9092022|Q9092022]] | [[Ursus arctos stikeenensis]] | Ursus arctos stikeenensis | 12 | | [[File:GrizzlyMussel1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 603 | [[:d:Q521594|Q521594]] | [[Felis silvestris gordoni]] | Felis silvestris gordoni | 12 | | [[File:Felis silvestris gordoni.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage african]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 604 | [[:d:Q718137|Q718137]] | [[Canis lupus monstrabilis]] | Canis lupus monstrabilis | 12 | | [[File:The Wolves of North America (1944) C. l. monstrabilis ♂.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 605 | [[:d:Q719577|Q719577]] | [[Canis lupus mackenzii]] | Canis lupus mackenzii | 12 | | [[File:Lobo en el Zoo de Madrid 01 cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 606 | [[:d:Q846261|Q846261]] | [[Canis rufus floridanus]] | Canis rufus floridanus | 12 | | [[File:FloridaBlackWolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis lupus rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 607 | [[:d:Q142046|Q142046]] | [[Protictitherium]] | Protictitherium | 11 | | [[File:Protictitherium crassum - Batallones 1 fossil site, Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 608 | [[:d:Q17355875|Q17355875]] | [[Civettictis]] | Civettictis | 11 | | [[File:Civettictis civetta 11.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 609 | [[:d:Q1884323|Q1884323]] | [[Bdeogale omnivora]] | Bdeogale omnivora | 11 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 610 | [[:d:Q4733042|Q4733042]] | [[Allodesmus]] | Allodesmus | 11 | | [[File:Allodesmus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Desmatophocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 611 | [[:d:Q4412222|Q4412222]] | [[Callorhinus]] | Callorhinus | 11 | | [[File:Callorhinus ursinus and harem.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Callorhinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 612 | [[:d:Q10747776|Q10747776]] | [[Chrysocyon]] | Chrysocyon | 11 | | [[File:Maned Wolf 11, Beardsley Zoo, 2009-11-06.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 613 | [[:d:Q612435|Q612435]] | [[Hemicyonidae]] | Hemicyonidae | 11 | | [[File:Hemicyon sansaniensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 614 | [[:d:Q116894434|Q116894434]] | [[Neogale felipei]] | Neogale felipei | 11 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 615 | [[:d:Q732045|Q732045]] | [[Cynodesmus]] | Cynodesmus | 11 | | [[File:A Lower Miocene fauna from South Dakota (1907) fig. 4.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hesperocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 616 | [[:d:Q2193177|Q2193177]] | [[Tomarctus]] | Tomarctus | 11 | | [[File:Tomarctus temerarius.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 617 | [[:d:Q5815268|Q5815268]] | [[Dusicyon avus]] | Dusicyon avus | 11 | | [[File:Falkland Island wolf, Dusicyon australis OMNZVT2369 !1pub (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Dusicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 618 | [[:d:Q431726|Q431726]] | [[Eastern American red fox]] | Vulpes vulpes fulva | 11 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes ssp fulvus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 619 | [[:d:Q790279|Q790279]] | [[Procyon lotor gloveralleni]] | Procyon lotor gloveralleni | 11 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 620 | [[:d:Q12004829|Q12004829]] | [[South American canids]] | Cerdocyonina | 11 | | [[File:Cerdocyonina portraits.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canini (taxon)|Canini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 621 | [[:d:Q146558|Q146558]] | [[Adelphailurus]] | Adelphailurus | 11 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Metailurini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 622 | [[:d:Q3836495|Q3836495]] | [[Lokotunjailurus]] | Lokotunjailurus | 11 | | [[File:Lokotunjailurus emageritus M. Antón. (2013). Walking with sabertooths (fig. 8).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotherini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 623 | [[:d:Q18609695|Q18609695]] | [[Cephalogale]] | Cephalogale | 11 | | [[File:Phoberogale shareri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 624 | [[:d:Q2635292|Q2635292]] | [[Panthera pardus jarvisi]] | Panthera pardus jarvisi | 11 | | [[File:PikiWiki Israel 14861 judean desert leopard cropped.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 625 | [[:d:Q16981890|Q16981890]] | [[European Ice Age leopard]] | Panthera pardus spelaea | 11 | | [[File:Museo di storia naturale (Florence) - Panthera pardus spelaea 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 626 | [[:d:Q1759039|Q1759039]] | [[catto salvage cretese]] | Felis silvestris cretensis | 11 | | [[File:Felis silvestris cretensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 627 | [[:d:Q12642957|Q12642957]] | [[Neofelis diardi diardi]] | Neofelis diardi diardi | 11 | | [[File:COLLECTIE TROPENMUSEUM Een geschoten nevelpanter Deli TMnr 10017949.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis diardi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 628 | [[:d:Q3445718|Q3445718]] | [[Plionarctos]] | Plionarctos | 11 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Tremarctini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 629 | [[:d:Q858849|Q858849]] | [[Canis lupus fuscus]] | Canis lupus fuscus | 11 | | [[File:Dogs, jackals, wolves, and foxes (Plate IV) C. l. fuscus mod.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 630 | [[:d:Q2044684|Q2044684]] | [[Canis aureus indicus]] | Canis aureus indicus | 11 | | [[File:Golden Jackal - Corbett National Park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 631 | [[:d:Q5413529|Q5413529]] | [[European jackal]] | Canis aureus moreoticus | 11 | | [[File:Davutoğlan kuş cennetinde, Çakal gezintide (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 632 | [[:d:Q1791637|Q1791637]] | [[Stenoplesictidae]] | Stenoplesictidae | 10 | | [[File:Stenoplesictis cayluxi mandibles.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 633 | [[:d:Q4687717|Q4687717]] | [[Aeluroidea]] | Aeluroidea | 10 | | [[File:Panthera tigris corbetti 090901.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 634 | [[:d:Q19605886|Q19605886]] | [[Monachinae]] | Monachinae | 10 | | [[File:Krabbenfresser.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 635 | [[:d:Q19715939|Q19715939]] | [[Neophoca]] | Neophoca | 10 | | [[File:Neophoca cinerea.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 636 | [[:d:Q20721907|Q20721907]] | [[Otarioidea]] | Otarioidea | 10 | | [[File:Callorhinus ursinus and harem.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pinnipedia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 637 | [[:d:Q2621026|Q2621026]] | [[Prosansanosmilus]] | Prosansanosmilus | 10 | | [[File:Prosansanosmilus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 638 | [[:d:Q10736022|Q10736022]] | [[Atilax]] | Atilax | 10 | | [[File:Marsh mongoose or water mongoose, Atilax paludinosus, at Rietvlei Nature Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (22548192738).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 639 | [[:d:Q28432755|Q28432755]] | [[Maofelis]] | Maofelis | 10 | | [[File:Maofelis cantonensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 640 | [[:d:Q10281053|Q10281053]] | [[Feloidea]] | Feloidea | 10 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 641 | [[:d:Q4779771|Q4779771]] | [[Ysengrinia]] | Ysengrinia | 10 | | [[File:Ysengrinia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 642 | [[:d:Q3702459|Q3702459]] | [[Daphoenus]] | Daphoenus | 10 | | [[File:Daphoenus vetus head.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Daphoeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 643 | [[:d:Q2258308|Q2258308]] | [[Ekorus ekakeran]] | Ekorus ekakeran | 10 | | [[File:Ekorus ekakeran.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ekorus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 644 | [[:d:Q30097|Q30097]] | [[Putorius]] | Putorius | 10 | | [[File:Polecat in denmark.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 645 | [[:d:Q41085321|Q41085321]] | [[Mustela richardsonii]] | Mustela richardsonii | 10 | | [[File:Ermine- Bacon Fiend (14083889879).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 646 | [[:d:Q40529359|Q40529359]] | [[Nasua olivacea]] | Nasua olivacea | 10 | | [[File:Nasua olivacea 112082177.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 647 | [[:d:Q22286047|Q22286047]] | [[Sumatran dhole]] | Cuon alpinus sumatrensis | 10 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cuon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 648 | [[:d:Q7994332|Q7994332]] | [[white-footed fox]] | Vulpes vulpes pusilla | 10 | | [[File:White Footed Fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 649 | [[:d:Q20908043|Q20908043]] | [[Procyon lotor maynardi]] | Procyon lotor maynardi | 10 | | [[File:Raccoons of North & Middle America (1950) P. l. insularis.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 650 | [[:d:Q16350420|Q16350420]] | [[Ailuropoda baconi]] | Ailuropoda baconi | 10 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuropoda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 651 | [[:d:Q2330531|Q2330531]] | [[Phlaocyon]] | Phlaocyon | 10 | | [[File:Phlaocyon.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyonini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 652 | [[:d:Q827183|Q827183]] | [[Lynx rufus escuinapae]] | Lynx rufus escuinapae | 10 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 653 | [[:d:Q2164563|Q2164563]] | [[Felis silvestris reyi]] | Felis silvestris reyi | 10 | | [[File:Felis silvestris reyi 05 MWNH 453.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 654 | [[:d:Q30593711|Q30593711]] | [[Carpathian lynx]] | Lynx lynx carpathicus | 10 | | [[File:Lynx lynx carpathicus Germany (standing).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 655 | [[:d:Q3661310|Q3661310]] | [[Lupo de Edward]] | Canis edwardii | 10 | | [[File:Canis edwardii 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 656 | [[:d:Q5033519|Q5033519]] | [[Cantabrian brown bear]] | Ursus arctos pyrenaicus | 10 | | [[File:Ursus arctos 5.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 657 | [[:d:Q30682478|Q30682478]] | [[Canis etruscus]] | Canis etruscus | 10 | | [[File:Canisetr.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 658 | [[:d:Q2164302|Q2164302]] | [[Andean wolf]] | Dasycyon hagenbecki | 10 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Dasycyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 659 | [[:d:Q276979|Q276979]] | [[Kretzoiarctos beatrix]] | Kretzoiarctos beatrix | 10 | | [[File:Kretzoiarctos beatrix.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Kretzoiarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 660 | [[:d:Q6707383|Q6707383]] | [[Lycophocyon]] | Lycophocyon | 9 | | [[File:Lycophocyon skull lateral.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 661 | [[:d:Q6808432|Q6808432]] | [[Megalictis]] | Megalictis | 9 | | [[File:Megalictis skull.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 662 | [[:d:Q7086805|Q7086805]] | [[Oligobuninae]] | Oligobuninae | 9 | | [[File:Megalictis.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 663 | [[:d:Q18577902|Q18577902]] | [[Pinnipedimorpha]] | Pinnipedimorpha | 9 | | [[File:Puijila darwini (fossil).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[carnivoros]]<br/>[[Pan-Pinnipedia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 664 | [[:d:Q61159913|Q61159913]] | [[Lophocyonidae]] | Lophocyonidae | 9 | | [[File:Lophocyon-paraskevaidisi-maxilla-LGPUT-THB-12-and-mandible-LGPUT-THB-1-HOLOTYPE-Chios.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 665 | [[:d:Q4709265|Q4709265]] | [[Albanosmilus]] | Albanosmilus | 9 | | [[File:Albanosmilus jourdani - crani.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 666 | [[:d:Q5381662|Q5381662]] | [[Eofelis]] | Eofelis | 9 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 667 | [[:d:Q3285787|Q3285787]] | [[Galerella nigrata]] | Galerella nigrata | 9 | | [[File:Black mongoose waterberg.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 668 | [[:d:Q3699888|Q3699888]] | [[Cynelos]] | Cynelos | 9 | | [[File:Cynelos lemanensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 669 | [[:d:Q13644959|Q13644959]] | [[Lobodontini]] | Lobodontini | 9 | | [[File:Krabbenfresser.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 670 | [[:d:Q16535326|Q16535326]] | [[Pusa hispida botnica]] | Pusa hispida botnica | 9 | | [[File:Baltische ringelrob.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca hispida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 671 | [[:d:Q18419730|Q18419730]] | [[Parailurus]] | Parailurus | 9 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 672 | [[:d:Q16916505|Q16916505]] | [[Hemicyoninae]] | Hemicyoninae | 9 | | [[File:Plithocyon armagnacensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursidae]]<br/>[[Hemicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 673 | [[:d:Q20817937|Q20817937]] | [[Pontolis]] | Pontolis | 9 | | [[File:Pontolis magnus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Imagotariinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 674 | [[:d:Q24514438|Q24514438]] | [[Afrosmilus]] | Afrosmilus | 9 | | [[File:Afrosmilus africanus.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Afrosmilini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 675 | [[:d:Q2623898|Q2623898]] | [[caraval]] | Caracal caracal × Leptailurus serval | 9 | | [[File:Caraval (cropped).JPG|center|48px]] | [[hybrid]]<br/>[[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 676 | [[:d:Q12278450|Q12278450]] | [[Rhizosmilodon]] | Rhizosmilodon | 9 | | [[File:Rhizosmilodon.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 677 | [[:d:Q15890081|Q15890081]] | [[Homotherini]] | Homotherini | 9 | | [[File:Homotheriumtex1.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 678 | [[:d:Q20679564|Q20679564]] | [[Pristinailurus]] | Pristinailurus | 9 | | [[File:Skull of Pristinailurus bristoli.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 679 | [[:d:Q519097|Q519097]] | [[Vulpes vulpes ichnusae]] | Vulpes vulpes ichnusae | 9 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes ichnusae.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 680 | [[:d:Q2164279|Q2164279]] | [[Procyon lotor insularis]] | Procyon lotor insularis | 9 | | [[File:Raccoons of North & Middle America (1950) P. l. insularis.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 681 | [[:d:Q20980826|Q20980826]] | [[Felis catus]] | Felis catus | 9 | | [[File:Cat November 2010-1a.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]]<br/>[[invasive species]]<br/>[[species aggregate]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 682 | [[:d:Q2118325|Q2118325]] | [[Panthera toscana]] | Panthera toscana | 9 | | [[File:Panthera toscana 1.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 683 | [[:d:Q20907534|Q20907534]] | [[Ussuri dhole]] | Cuon alpinus alpinus | 9 | | [[File:Cuon alpinus alpinus.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cuon alpinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 684 | [[:d:Q7901157|Q7901157]] | [[Ursavini]] | Ursavini | 9 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 685 | [[:d:Q56289810|Q56289810]] | [[Panthera leo leo]] | Panthera leo leo | 9 | | [[File:Adult Asiatic Lion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 686 | [[:d:Q10943942|Q10943942]] | [[Neofelis diardi borneensis]] | Neofelis diardi borneensis | 9 | | [[File:Borneo clouded leopard.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis diardi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 687 | [[:d:Q13228332|Q13228332]] | [[Ursus rossicus]] | Ursus rossicus | 9 | | [[File:Ursus rossicus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 688 | [[:d:Q3884275|Q3884275]] | [[Lupo de Armbruster]] | Canis armbrusteri | 9 | | [[File:Canis ambrusteri skull.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 689 | [[:d:Q2936376|Q2936376]] | [[Lupo russe]] | Canis lupus communis | 9 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 690 | [[:d:Q4378383|Q4378383]] | [[Lupo del Caspio]] | Canis lupus cubanensis | 9 | | [[File:Tierpark Sababurg Wolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 691 | [[:d:Q7586107|Q7586107]] | [[Sri Lankan jackal]] | Canis aureus naria | 9 | | [[File:Flickr - Rainbirder - Golden Jackal Female.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 692 | [[:d:Q21357325|Q21357325]] | [[Tibetan wolf]] | Canis lupus filchneri | 9 | | [[File:Tibetan Wolf By Stanzin (Stakpa) cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 693 | [[:d:Q1955091|Q1955091]] | [[Cyrnaonyx]] | Cyrnaonyx | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 694 | [[:d:Q2177148|Q2177148]] | [[Plesictis]] | Plesictis | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 695 | [[:d:Q3704481|Q3704481]] | [[Deccanolestes]] | Deccanolestes | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Adapisoriculidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 696 | [[:d:Q3775516|Q3775516]] | [[Adapisoriculidae]] | Adapisoriculidae | 8 | | [[File:Bustylus marandati lower jaw fragment.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[carnivoros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 697 | [[:d:Q27203130|Q27203130]] | [[Pekania]] | Pekania | 8 | | [[File:Fishers (14584727897).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]]<br/>[[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 698 | [[:d:Q33138060|Q33138060]] | [[Semantoridae]] | Semantoridae | 8 | | [[File:Puijila darwini (fossil).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Musteloidea]]<br/>[[Pinnipedimorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 699 | [[:d:Q593613|Q593613]] | [[Thalassoleon]] | Thalassoleon | 8 | | [[File:Thalassoleon mexicanus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 700 | [[:d:Q3785908|Q3785908]] | [[Histriophoca]] | Histriophoca | 8 | | [[File:Bandrobbe2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 701 | [[:d:Q24000491|Q24000491]] | [[Phocinae]] | Phocinae | 8 | | [[File:Seal, Isle of Skye (2792634170).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 702 | [[:d:Q5563265|Q5563265]] | [[Ginsburgsmilus]] | Ginsburgsmilus | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 703 | [[:d:Q11884539|Q11884539]] | [[Nimravinae]] | Nimravinae | 8 | | [[File:Dinictis felina, South Dakota, USA, Early Oligocene - Royal Ontario Museum - DSC00117.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 704 | [[:d:Q87582940|Q87582940]] | [[Genettinae]] | Genettinae | 8 | | [[File:Large-spotted Genet (Genetta tigrina) (17356502041) (crop).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 705 | [[:d:Q3702458|Q3702458]] | [[Daphoenodon]] | Daphoenodon | 8 | | [[File:Large osborn daphaenus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 706 | [[:d:Q4748243|Q4748243]] | [[Amphicyoninae]] | Amphicyoninae | 8 | | [[File:Ysengrinia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 707 | [[:d:Q5581272|Q5581272]] | [[Gomphotaria]] | Gomphotaria | 8 | | [[File:Gomphotaria pugnax.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 708 | [[:d:Q41083655|Q41083655]] | [[Genetta felina]] | Genetta felina | 8 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo) (cropped).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 709 | [[:d:Q1635102|Q1635102]] | [[Desmatophoca]] | Desmatophoca | 8 | | [[File:Desmatophoca oregonensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Desmatophocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 710 | [[:d:Q4779756|Q4779756]] | [[Pseudocyon]] | Pseudocyon | 8 | | [[File:Pseudocyon sansaniensis.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 711 | [[:d:Q28065031|Q28065031]] | [[Guangxicyon]] | Guangxicyon | 8 | | [[File:Guangxicyon sinoamericanus lower jaw 01.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 712 | [[:d:Q16863893|Q16863893]] | [[Quercylurus]] | Quercylurus | 8 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Nimravinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 713 | [[:d:Q12139554|Q12139554]] | [[Vormela]] | Vormela | 8 | | [[File:Marbled polecat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 714 | [[:d:Q3693628|Q3693628]] | [[Cormocyon]] | Cormocyon | 8 | | [[File:Cormocyon leptodus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 715 | [[:d:Q3976409|Q3976409]] | [[Styriofelis]] | Styriofelis | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 716 | [[:d:Q19817116|Q19817116]] | [[Cuon]] | Cuon | 8 | | [[File:Cuon.alpinus-cut.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 717 | [[:d:Q28432831|Q28432831]] | [[Yoshi]] | Yoshi | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 718 | [[:d:Q56328043|Q56328043]] | [[Stenogale]] | Stenogale | 8 | | [[File:Stenogale intermedia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 719 | [[:d:Q11905381|Q11905381]] | [[Amphictis]] | Amphictis | 8 | | [[File:Amphictis antiqua.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 720 | [[:d:Q1647846|Q1647846]] | [[Viverra leakeyi]] | Viverra leakeyi | 8 | | [[File:Viverra leakeyi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 721 | [[:d:Q9029652|Q9029652]] | [[Martes zibellina brachyura]] | Martes zibellina brachyura | 8 | | [[File:Wiki-ezokuroten1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 722 | [[:d:Q28529641|Q28529641]] | [[Siamogale melilutra]] | Siamogale melilutra | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Siamogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 723 | [[:d:Q3295059|Q3295059]] | [[Vulpes riffautae]] | Vulpes riffautae | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 724 | [[:d:Q17343027|Q17343027]] | [[Vulpes qiuzhudingi]] | Vulpes qiuzhudingi | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 725 | [[:d:Q6723386|Q6723386]] | [[Machairodontini]] | Machairodontini | 8 | | [[File:Homotheriumtex1.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 726 | [[:d:Q583006|Q583006]] | [[Otarocyon]] | Otarocyon | 8 | | [[File:Otarocyon cooki.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 727 | [[:d:Q2486786|Q2486786]] | [[Phlaocyonini]] | Phlaocyonini | 8 | | [[File:Phlaocyon.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 728 | [[:d:Q2712794|Q2712794]] | [[Cerdocyon avius]] | Cerdocyon avius | 8 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cerdocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 729 | [[:d:Q6808419|Q6808419]] | [[Megalenhydris barbaricina]] | Megalenhydris barbaricina | 8 | | [[File:D2627 Megalenhydris.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Megalenhydris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 730 | [[:d:Q89502501|Q89502501]] | [[Ailurus styani]] | Ailurus styani | 8 | | [[File:Ailurus fulgens styani.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 731 | [[:d:Q1039294|Q1039294]] | [[Vulpes vulpes japonica]] | Vulpes vulpes japonica | 8 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes japonica1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 732 | [[:d:Q7855432|Q7855432]] | [[Turkmenian fox]] | Vulpes vulpes flavescens | 8 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes flavescens.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 733 | [[:d:Q9293762|Q9293762]] | [[jaglion]] | Panthera onca × Panthera leo | 8 | | [[File:Jaglion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[hybrid]]<br/>[[taxon]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 734 | [[:d:Q19840927|Q19840927]] | [[Tien Shan dhole]] | Cuon alpinus hesperius | 8 | | [[File:Siberian wild dog.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cuon alpinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 735 | [[:d:Q20720148|Q20720148]] | [[Somali wild dog]] | Lycaon pictus somalicus | 8 | | [[File:Lycaon pictus - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC02650.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon pictus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 736 | [[:d:Q20907545|Q20907545]] | [[West African wild dog]] | Lycaon pictus manguensis | 8 | | [[File:West African Wild Dog.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon pictus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 737 | [[:d:Q2569639|Q2569639]] | [[Oncifelis]] | Oncifelis | 8 | | [[File:Salzkatze.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 738 | [[:d:Q96575311|Q96575311]] | [[Leopardus garleppi]] | Leopardus garleppi | 8 | | [[File:Leopardus garleppi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 739 | [[:d:Q120514490|Q120514490]] | [[Leopardus narinensis]] | Leopardus narinensis | 8 | | [[File:Leopardus narinensis and tigrina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 740 | [[:d:Q123039002|Q123039002]] | [[Leopardus fasciatus]] | Leopardus fasciatus | 8 | | [[File:Uruguayan Pantanal Cat imported from iNaturalist photo 117171659 on 2 August 2024.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 741 | [[:d:Q7205035|Q7205035]] | [[Plithocyon]] | Plithocyon | 8 | | [[File:Plithocyon armagnacensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 742 | [[:d:Q18202820|Q18202820]] | [[Ballusia]] | Ballusia | 8 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 743 | [[:d:Q3241788|Q3241788]] | [[Panthera leo vereshchagini]] | Panthera leo vereshchagini | 8 | | [[File:Panthera leo spelaea in Vienna.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 744 | [[:d:Q3768957|Q3768957]] | [[Panthera onca palustris]] | Panthera onca palustris | 8 | | [[File:Jaguar (Panthera onca palustris) female Piquiri River 3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 745 | [[:d:Q20644616|Q20644616]] | [[Canis mosbachensis]] | Canis mosbachensis | 8 | | [[File:Canis lupus mosbachensis Würzburg-Schalksberg 1 (mod).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 746 | [[:d:Q20907605|Q20907605]] | [[Ursus americanus luteolus]] | Ursus americanus luteolus | 8 | | [[File:BlackBear2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 747 | [[:d:Q3752453|Q3752453]] | [[Ursus arctos alascensis]] | Ursus arctos alascensis | 8 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 748 | [[:d:Q618005|Q618005]] | [[Canis lupus mogollonensis]] | Canis lupus mogollonensis | 8 | | [[File:The Wolves of North America (1944) C. l. mogollonensis ♂.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 749 | [[:d:Q2118426|Q2118426]] | [[Canis lupus gregoryi]] | Canis lupus gregoryi | 8 | | [[File:Red Wolf LO5S5245 original.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis lupus rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 750 | [[:d:Q5402505|Q5402505]] | [[Lupo del planas]] | Canis latrans latrans | 8 | | [[File:Canis latrans latrans Pennington County SD.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 751 | [[:d:Q3516403|Q3516403]] | [[Taxidiinae]] | Taxidiinae | 7 | | [[File:AmericanBadger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 752 | [[:d:Q3973471|Q3973471]] | [[Sthenictis]] | Sthenictis | 7 | | [[File:Sthenictis1.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 753 | [[:d:Q3785314|Q3785314]] | [[Herpestinae]] | Herpestinae | 7 | | [[File:Herpestes edwardsii at Hyderaba.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 754 | [[:d:Q10772632|Q10772632]] | [[Ichneumia]] | Ichneumia | 7 | | [[File:White-tailed mongoose (Ichneumia albicauda).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 755 | [[:d:Q15039839|Q15039839]] | [[Lycyaena]] | Lycyaena | 7 | | [[File:Lycyaena gr choerotis macrostoma.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 756 | [[:d:Q5221764|Q5221764]] | [[Daphoeninae]] | Daphoeninae | 7 | | [[File:Large osborn daphaenus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 757 | [[:d:Q7095037|Q7095037]] | [[Ontocetus]] | Ontocetus | 7 | | [[File:Ontocetus emmonsi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 758 | [[:d:Q7205024|Q7205024]] | [[Pliopedia]] | Pliopedia | 7 | | [[File:Pliopedia pacifica.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 759 | [[:d:Q7698158|Q7698158]] | [[Temnocyon]] | Temnocyon | 7 | | [[File:Temnocyon ferox.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 760 | [[:d:Q7910699|Q7910699]] | [[Valenictus]] | Valenictus | 7 | | [[File:Valenictus chulavistensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 761 | [[:d:Q27486944|Q27486944]] | [[Angelarctocyon]] | Angelarctocyon | 7 | | [[File:Angelarctocyon australis dentary.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 762 | [[:d:Q18325178|Q18325178]] | [[Chrotogale]] | Chrotogale | 7 | | | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Hemigalinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 763 | [[:d:Q19817059|Q19817059]] | [[Arctictis]] | Arctictis | 7 | | [[File:Binturong in Overloon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 764 | [[:d:Q19817068|Q19817068]] | [[Arctogalidia]] | Arctogalidia | 7 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 765 | [[:d:Q4693297|Q4693297]] | [[Agnotherium]] | Agnotherium | 7 | | [[File:Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz- (8)-Bärenhund-Agnotherium antiquum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 766 | [[:d:Q11950979|Q11950979]] | [[Taxidea]] | Taxidea | 7 | | [[File:AmericanBadger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Taxidiinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 767 | [[:d:Q115867490|Q115867490]] | [[Spilogale yucatanensis]] | Spilogale yucatanensis | 7 | | [[File:Southern spotted skunk.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 768 | [[:d:Q2307664|Q2307664]] | [[Acrophoca longirostris]] | Acrophoca longirostris | 7 | | [[File:Acrophoca BW.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Acrophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 769 | [[:d:Q4682833|Q4682833]] | [[Adilophontes]] | Adilophontes | 7 | | [[File:Adilophontes brachycolos.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Daphoeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 770 | [[:d:Q104528100|Q104528100]] | [[Mustela aistoodonnivalis]] | Mustela aistoodonnivalis | 7 | | [[File:Mustela aistoodonnivalis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 771 | [[:d:Q3909942|Q3909942]] | [[Pratifelis]] | Pratifelis | 7 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 772 | [[:d:Q7782990|Q7782990]] | [[Theriodictis]] | Theriodictis | 7 | | [[File:Museo Malvinas - Cráneo fósil de Theriodictis platensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 773 | [[:d:Q21002394|Q21002394]] | [[Suphalak]] | Feline catus | 7 | | [[File:Suphalak Female in Thailand named AumDaengManee.jpg|center|48px]] | [[cat breed]] | [[catto domestic]] | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 774 | [[:d:Q30894451|Q30894451]] | [[Miopanthera]] | Miopanthera | 7 | | [[File:(MHNT) Miopanthera lorteti (Gaillard, 1899) - Hémimandibule gauche.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 775 | [[:d:Q20679566|Q20679566]] | [[Ailurinae]] | Ailurinae | 7 | | [[File:Ailurus fulgens - Karlsruhe Zoo 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 776 | [[:d:Q107473188|Q107473188]] | [[Melogale subaurantiaca]] | Melogale subaurantiaca | 7 | | [[File:Formosan ferret-badger in Shoushan Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 777 | [[:d:Q7423823|Q7423823]] | [[Sardolutra]] | Sardolutra | 7 | | [[File:D2740 Sardolutra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 778 | [[:d:Q3441656|Q3441656]] | [[Parictis]] | Parictis | 7 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 779 | [[:d:Q11996479|Q11996479]] | [[Acinonychini]] | Acinonychini | 7 | | [[File:8th Place - Mountain Lion (7487178290).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 780 | [[:d:Q19817049|Q19817049]] | [[Profelis]] | Profelis | 7 | | [[File:FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 781 | [[:d:Q2164552|Q2164552]] | [[Arctictis binturong whitei]] | Arctictis binturong whitei | 7 | | [[File:Palawan bearcat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis binturong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 782 | [[:d:Q21968197|Q21968197]] | [[Procyon minor]] | Procyon minor | 7 | | [[File:Procyon minor01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon (taxon)|Procyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 783 | [[:d:Q3395884|Q3395884]] | [[Urocyon progressus]] | Urocyon progressus | 7 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 784 | [[:d:Q3855276|Q3855276]] | [[Mesocyon]] | Mesocyon | 7 | | [[File:Mesocyon (white background).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hesperocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 785 | [[:d:Q4946288|Q4946288]] | [[Borophagini]] | Borophagini | 7 | | [[File:Aelurodon taxoides.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 786 | [[:d:Q5045846|Q5045846]] | [[Carpocyon]] | Carpocyon | 7 | | [[File:Carpocyon webbi.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 787 | [[:d:Q16956581|Q16956581]] | [[Rhizocyon]] | Rhizocyon | 7 | | | [[taxon monotypic]]<br/>[[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 788 | [[:d:Q4117770|Q4117770]] | [[Vulpes vulpes barbara]] | Vulpes vulpes barbara | 7 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes barbara - Mourad Harzallah - 291657321.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 789 | [[:d:Q7511533|Q7511533]] | [[Sierra Nevada red fox]] | Vulpes vulpes necator | 7 | | [[File:Sierra Nevada Red Fox, Lassen Volcanic National Park- Keith Slausen USFS 2002.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 790 | [[:d:Q9095072|Q9095072]] | [[Vulpes vulpes crucigera]] | Vulpes vulpes crucigera | 7 | | [[File:Red Fox drinking from a lake in Gennevilliers, France.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 791 | [[:d:Q10803425|Q10803425]] | [[Otocyon]] | Otocyon | 7 | | [[File:Otocyon megalotis (Namibia).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | [[Vulpe]] | [[Vulpini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 792 | [[:d:Q18926249|Q18926249]] | [[Cuon alpinus europaeus]] | Cuon alpinus europaeus | 7 | | [[File:Cuon alpinus Cova Negra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cuon alpinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 793 | [[:d:Q20686185|Q20686185]] | [[Chadian wild dog]] | Lycaon pictus sharicus | 7 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon pictus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 794 | [[:d:Q20907543|Q20907543]] | [[Cape wild dog]] | Lycaon pictus pictus | 7 | | [[File:African wild dog lycaon pictus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon pictus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 795 | [[:d:Q20907544|Q20907544]] | [[East African wild dog]] | Lycaon pictus lupinus | 7 | | [[File:Laika ac African Wild Dog (9882202246) cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon pictus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 796 | [[:d:Q56605486|Q56605486]] | [[Panthera shawi]] | Panthera shawi | 7 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 797 | [[:d:Q16623301|Q16623301]] | [[Puma pumoides]] | Puma pumoides | 7 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 798 | [[:d:Q112245916|Q112245916]] | [[Puma lacustris]] | Puma lacustris | 7 | | [[File:Puma lacustris holotype.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 799 | [[:d:Q124399735|Q124399735]] | [[Leopardus pardinoides]] | Leopardus pardinoides | 7 | | [[File:Leopardus pardinoides 338585769.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]]<br/>[[Oncifelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 800 | [[:d:Q4033270|Q4033270]] | [[Acinonyx aicha]] | Acinonyx aicha | 7 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Acinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 801 | [[:d:Q3699883|Q3699883]] | [[Cynarctoides]] | Cynarctoides | 7 | | [[File:Cynarctoides.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyonini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 802 | [[:d:Q7640416|Q7640416]] | [[Sunkahetanka geringensis]] | Sunkahetanka geringensis | 7 | | [[File:Sunkahetanka geringensis.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Sunkahetanka]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 803 | [[:d:Q17024721|Q17024721]] | [[Dinocyon]] | Dinocyon | 7 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 804 | [[:d:Q19817117|Q19817117]] | [[Helarctos]] | Helarctos | 7 | | [[File:Sitting sun bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 805 | [[:d:Q3893467|Q3893467]] | [[Panthera leo verneyi]] | Panthera leo verneyi | 7 | | [[File:Lion at krugerpark.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 806 | [[:d:Q55435725|Q55435725]] | [[Sunda Island tiger]] | Panthera tigris sondaica | 7 | | [[File:Sumatratiger-004.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 807 | [[:d:Q2710439|Q2710439]] | [[Panthera onca mesembrina]] | Panthera onca mesembrina | 7 | | [[File:Panthera onca mesembrina JF.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 808 | [[:d:Q3768960|Q3768960]] | [[Panthera onca hernandesii]] | Panthera onca hernandesii | 7 | | [[File:Panthera onca hernandesii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 809 | [[:d:Q5442079|Q5442079]] | [[Felis chaus affinis]] | Felis chaus affinis | 7 | | [[File:Felis chaus affinis (walk).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 810 | [[:d:Q9055126|Q9055126]] | [[Panthera onca veraecruscis]] | Panthera onca veraecruscis | 7 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 811 | [[:d:Q1388482|Q1388482]] | [[Ursus inopinatus]] | Ursus inopinatus | 7 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 812 | [[:d:Q30693320|Q30693320]] | [[Ursus ingressus]] | Ursus ingressus | 7 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 813 | [[:d:Q9092017|Q9092017]] | [[Ursus arctos dalli]] | Ursus arctos dalli | 7 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 814 | [[:d:Q61622321|Q61622321]] | [[Ursus arctos priscus]] | Ursus arctos priscus | 7 | | [[File:Fossil theriofauna from the Sudety Mts (SW Poland) (fig. 2).png|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 815 | [[:d:Q3655368|Q3655368]] | [[Canis aureus aureus]] | Canis aureus aureus | 7 | | [[File:Golden jackal in Otyrar District 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 816 | [[:d:Q5032447|Q5032447]] | [[Canis lupus dingo]] | Canis lupus dingo | 7 | | [[File:Dingo on the road.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 817 | [[:d:Q7663269|Q7663269]] | [[Syrian jackal]] | Canis aureus syriacus | 7 | | [[File:Canis aureus syriacus 114837596.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 818 | [[:d:Q20720561|Q20720561]] | [[Megafaunal wolf]] | Canis cf. lupus | 7 | | [[File:Canis lupus spelaeus holotype.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | [[prehistoric mammal]] | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 819 | [[:d:Q26972265|Q26972265]] | [[Canis lupus familiaris]] | Canis lupus familiaris | 7 | | [[File:Karakatschan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 820 | [[:d:Q59507318|Q59507318]] | [[Sicilian wolf]] | Canis lupus cristaldii | 7 | | [[File:Canis lupus cristaldii distribution.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 821 | [[:d:Q3906722|Q3906722]] | [[Pliophoca]] | Pliophoca | 6 | | [[File:Phocidae - Pliophoca etrusca-001.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 822 | [[:d:Q309741|Q309741]] | [[Kanuites]] | Kanuites | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 823 | [[:d:Q5277916|Q5277916]] | [[Dinailurictis]] | Dinailurictis | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 824 | [[:d:Q1113347|Q1113347]] | [[Stenoplesictis]] | Stenoplesictis | 6 | | [[File:Stenoplesictis cayluxi mandibles.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 825 | [[:d:Q4699376|Q4699376]] | [[Aivukus]] | Aivukus | 6 | | [[File:Aivukus cedrosensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 826 | [[:d:Q7698159|Q7698159]] | [[Temnocyoninae]] | Temnocyoninae | 6 | | [[File:Temnocyon ferox.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 827 | [[:d:Q108462981|Q108462981]] | [[Gustafsonia]] | Gustafsonia | 6 | | [[File:Miacisreconstructedskull2.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 828 | [[:d:Q19817073|Q19817073]] | [[Macrogalidia]] | Macrogalidia | 6 | | [[File:Macrogalidia musschenbroekii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 829 | [[:d:Q19817078|Q19817078]] | [[Cynogale]] | Cynogale | 6 | | [[File:Mampalon (Cynogale Bennettii).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hemigalinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 830 | [[:d:Q19817081|Q19817081]] | [[Hemigalus]] | Hemigalus | 6 | | [[File:Hemigalus derbyanus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Hemigalinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 831 | [[:d:Q4723954|Q4723954]] | [[Algarolutra]] | Algarolutra | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 832 | [[:d:Q19817086|Q19817086]] | [[Viverricula]] | Viverricula | 6 | | [[File:Viverricula indica schlegelii 1868.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 833 | [[:d:Q27997794|Q27997794]] | [[Herpestes ochraceus]] | Herpestes ochraceus | 6 | | [[File:HerpestesOchraceusWolf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 834 | [[:d:Q28533150|Q28533150]] | [[Siamogale]] | Siamogale | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 835 | [[:d:Q65120443|Q65120443]] | [[Semigenetta]] | Semigenetta | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 836 | [[:d:Q3363458|Q3363458]] | [[Parahyaena]] | Parahyaena | 6 | | [[File:Parahyaena brunnea 3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Hyaeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 837 | [[:d:Q7254250|Q7254250]] | [[Pseudarctos]] | Pseudarctos | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 838 | [[:d:Q11683729|Q11683729]] | [[Ischyrocyon]] | Ischyrocyon | 6 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 839 | [[:d:Q25400575|Q25400575]] | [[Magericyon]] | Magericyon | 6 | | [[File:Magericyon anceps - Batallones 1 fossil site, Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 840 | [[:d:Q31507|Q31507]] | [[Neotherium mirum]] | Neotherium mirum | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Neotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 841 | [[:d:Q7134070|Q7134070]] | [[Paradaphoenus]] | Paradaphoenus | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Daphoeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 842 | [[:d:Q8073240|Q8073240]] | [[Zodiolestes]] | Zodiolestes | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oligobuninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 843 | [[:d:Q14943214|Q14943214]] | [[Ursoidea]] | Ursoidea | 6 | | [[File:Hemicyon sansaniensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 844 | [[:d:Q17113931|Q17113931]] | [[Monotherium]] | Monotherium | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 845 | [[:d:Q3906719|Q3906719]] | [[Pliocrocuta perrieri]] | Pliocrocuta perrieri | 6 | | [[File:Pliocrocuta perrieri - skull.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pliocrocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 846 | [[:d:Q1793106|Q1793106]] | [[Phoca vitulina stejnegeri]] | Phoca vitulina stejnegeri | 6 | | [[File:Antur 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca vitulina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 847 | [[:d:Q3886374|Q3886374]] | [[Osbornodon]] | Osbornodon | 6 | | [[File:Osbornodon iamonensis FLMNH.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 848 | [[:d:Q1607831|Q1607831]] | [[Herpestes javanicus palustris]] | Herpestes javanicus palustris | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 849 | [[:d:Q137294965|Q137294965]] | [[Mustela mopbie]] | Mustela mopbie | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 850 | [[:d:Q7134476|Q7134476]] | [[Paradoxurus aureus]] | Paradoxurus aureus | 6 | | [[File:Smit.Paradoxurus aureus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 851 | [[:d:Q18923190|Q18923190]] | [[Paradoxurus philippinensis]] | Paradoxurus philippinensis | 6 | | [[File:Paradoxurus philippinensis 166221506.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 852 | [[:d:Q19298222|Q19298222]] | [[Paradoxurus musanga]] | Paradoxurus musanga | 6 | | [[File:Paradoxurus musanga (side).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 853 | [[:d:Q22285838|Q22285838]] | [[Eupleres major]] | Eupleres major | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eupleres]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 854 | [[:d:Q9047282|Q9047282]] | [[Mustela erminea nippon]] | Mustela erminea nippon | 6 | | [[File:Mustela erminea nippon on backpack.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 855 | [[:d:Q9001446|Q9001446]] | [[Gulo gulo luscus]] | Gulo gulo luscus | 6 | | [[File:Wolverine on rock.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[glutton]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 856 | [[:d:Q25095338|Q25095338]] | [[Plesiogulo]] | Plesiogulo | 6 | | [[File:Plesiogulo brachygnathus - snhm191.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ischyrictini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 857 | [[:d:Q124254177|Q124254177]] | [[Magerifelis]] | Magerifelis | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 858 | [[:d:Q5102561|Q5102561]] | [[Vulpes skinneri]] | Vulpes skinneri | 6 | | [[File:Vulpes skinneri mandible.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 859 | [[:d:Q11691227|Q11691227]] | [[Martes flavigula indochinensis]] | Martes flavigula indochinensis | 6 | | [[File:Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 860 | [[:d:Q21368828|Q21368828]] | [[Promegantereon]] | Promegantereon | 6 | | [[File:M. Antón. (2013). Walking with sabertooths (fig. 7).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 861 | [[:d:Q55391043|Q55391043]] | [[Tchadailurus]] | Tchadailurus | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 862 | [[:d:Q3699884|Q3699884]] | [[Cynarctus]] | Cynarctus | 6 | | [[File:Cynarctus.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 863 | [[:d:Q3718788|Q3718788]] | [[Ectopocynus]] | Ectopocynus | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hesperocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 864 | [[:d:Q5016794|Q5016794]] | [[Caedocyon]] | Caedocyon | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hesperocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 865 | [[:d:Q5815270|Q5815270]] | [[Dusicyon cultridens]] | Dusicyon cultridens | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Dusicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 866 | [[:d:Q16952940|Q16952940]] | [[Oxetocyon]] | Oxetocyon | 6 | | [[File:Oxetocyon range.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 867 | [[:d:Q773688|Q773688]] | [[Vulpes vulpes vulpes]] | Vulpes vulpes vulpes | 6 | | [[File:Portrait of a red fox in Rautas fjällurskog (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 868 | [[:d:Q9095066|Q9095066]] | [[Vulpes vulpes cascadensis]] | Vulpes vulpes cascadensis | 6 | | [[File:Cross fox in Lewis 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 869 | [[:d:Q9095106|Q9095106]] | [[Vulpes vulpes montana]] | Vulpes vulpes montana | 6 | | [[File:Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes) on a High-Altitude Road in India.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 870 | [[:d:Q5230606|Q5230606]] | [[Felis attica]] | Felis attica | 6 | | [[File:Felis attica skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 871 | [[:d:Q15294488|Q15294488]] | [[Felis leo]] | Felis leo | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 872 | [[:d:Q3021005|Q3021005]] | [[Panthera crassidens]] | Panthera crassidens | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 873 | [[:d:Q21220510|Q21220510]] | [[Stenailurus]] | Stenailurus | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Metailurini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 874 | [[:d:Q20907578|Q20907578]] | [[Urocyon littoralis santacruzae]] | Urocyon littoralis santacruzae | 6 | | [[File:Urocyon littoralis santacruzae (Santa Cruz island fox) FWS 007.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon littoralis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 875 | [[:d:Q30693238|Q30693238]] | [[Lynx spelaea]] | Lynx spelaea | 6 | | [[File:Lynx spelaea Cueva de los Moros.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 876 | [[:d:Q4946287|Q4946287]] | [[Borophagina]] | Borophagina | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 877 | [[:d:Q7186298|Q7186298]] | [[Philotrox condoni]] | Philotrox condoni | 6 | | [[File:Philotrox condoni.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Philotrox]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 878 | [[:d:Q8262837|Q8262837]] | [[Caracal caracal schmitzi]] | Caracal caracal schmitzi | 6 | | [[File:Caracal Caracal-001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 879 | [[:d:Q55621783|Q55621783]] | [[Mainland Asian tiger]] | Panthera tigris tigris | 6 | | [[File:Panthera tigris7.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 880 | [[:d:Q2882076|Q2882076]] | [[Panthera onca goldmani]] | Panthera onca goldmani | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 881 | [[:d:Q3768893|Q3768893]] | [[Panthera onca paraguensis]] | Panthera onca paraguensis | 6 | | [[File:Panthera onca palustris (2).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 882 | [[:d:Q3768898|Q3768898]] | [[Panthera onca onca]] | Panthera onca onca | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 883 | [[:d:Q3768922|Q3768922]] | [[Panthera onca centralis]] | Panthera onca centralis | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 884 | [[:d:Q5035205|Q5035205]] | [[Leptailurus serval serval]] | Leptailurus serval serval | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 885 | [[:d:Q3655943|Q3655943]] | [[Sardinian lynx]] | Lynx lynx sardiniae | 6 | | | [[extinct taxon]]<br/>[[taxon synonyme]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 886 | [[:d:Q5471368|Q5471368]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi cacomitli]] | Puma yagouaroundi cacomitli | 6 | | [[File:Herpailurus yagouaroundi cacomitli.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 887 | [[:d:Q3621833|Q3621833]] | [[Arctodus pristinus]] | Arctodus pristinus | 6 | | [[File:Arctodus pristinus mandible ANSP 98.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 888 | [[:d:Q7071001|Q7071001]] | [[Nyctereutes abdeslami]] | Nyctereutes abdeslami | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 889 | [[:d:Q21356805|Q21356805]] | [[Agriarctos]] | Agriarctos | 6 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuropodini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 890 | [[:d:Q20717272|Q20717272]] | [[Canis familiaris]] | Canis familiaris | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 891 | [[:d:Q30682080|Q30682080]] | [[Canis arnensis]] | Canis arnensis | 6 | | [[File:Canis arnensis 4.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 892 | [[:d:Q6804141|Q6804141]] | [[Canis latrans mearnsi]] | Canis latrans mearnsi | 6 | | [[File:Coyote Canis latrans mearnsi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 893 | [[:d:Q11911981|Q11911981]] | [[Canis latrans ochropus]] | Canis latrans ochropus | 6 | | [[File:Coyote Beverley Hills CA.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 894 | [[:d:Q18128816|Q18128816]] | [[Canis latrans thamnos]] | Canis latrans thamnos | 6 | | [[File:Coyote Union Station.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 895 | [[:d:Q20907491|Q20907491]] | [[Canis aureus cruesemanni]] | Canis aureus cruesemanni | 6 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 896 | [[:d:Q48995852|Q48995852]] | [[Cave wolf]] | Canis lupus spelaeus | 6 | | [[File:Biochronology of Polish canids (late Pliocene to Holocene) - C. l. spelaeus.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 897 | [[:d:Q3305190|Q3305190]] | [[Mellivorinae]] | Mellivorinae | 5 | | [[File:Honey badger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 898 | [[:d:Q3605635|Q3605635]] | [[Asiavorator]] | Asiavorator | 5 | | [[File:Asiavorator gracilis limbs.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 899 | [[:d:Q3762001|Q3762001]] | [[Eosictis]] | Eosictis | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[carnivoros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 900 | [[:d:Q9708646|Q9708646]] | [[Nandiniidae]] | Nandiniidae | 5 | | [[File:Nandinia binotata, Manchester Museum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 901 | [[:d:Q15115406|Q15115406]] | [[Hadrokirus]] | Hadrokirus | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 902 | [[:d:Q16919139|Q16919139]] | [[Piscophoca]] | Piscophoca | 5 | | [[File:Piscophoca pacifica.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 903 | [[:d:Q19817140|Q19817140]] | [[Otaria]] | Otaria | 5 | | [[File:Mähnenrobben (auch Südamerikanischer Seelöwe - Otaria flavescens) (Peninsula de Valdes, Jan 1984).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 904 | [[:d:Q1328566|Q1328566]] | [[Promephitis]] | Promephitis | 5 | | [[File:Promephitis sp. skull - Batallones 3 fossil site, Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 905 | [[:d:Q3906723|Q3906723]] | [[Plioviverrops]] | Plioviverrops | 5 | | [[File:Plioviverrops faventinus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 906 | [[:d:Q16183098|Q16183098]] | [[Nanosmilus]] | Nanosmilus | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 907 | [[:d:Q85989880|Q85989880]] | [[Oriensmilus]] | Oriensmilus | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 908 | [[:d:Q114701730|Q114701730]] | [[Pangurban]] | Pangurban | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 909 | [[:d:Q137299275|Q137299275]] | [[Taotienimravus]] | Taotienimravus | 5 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 910 | [[:d:Q4690064|Q4690064]] | [[Africanictis]] | Africanictis | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 911 | [[:d:Q7161149|Q7161149]] | [[Pelagiarctos]] | Pelagiarctos | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 912 | [[:d:Q10388280|Q10388280]] | [[Ursida]] | Ursida | 5 | | [[File:Braunbär, Bärenrefugium von Kuterevo, Kroatien.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 913 | [[:d:Q29381283|Q29381283]] | [[Imagotaria]] | Imagotaria | 5 | | [[File:Imagotaria downsi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 914 | [[:d:Q48557894|Q48557894]] | [[Archaeodobenus]] | Archaeodobenus | 5 | | [[File:Archaeodobenus restoration.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 915 | [[:d:Q67153819|Q67153819]] | [[Nanodobenus]] | Nanodobenus | 5 | | [[File:Nanodobenus arandai mandible.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 916 | [[:d:Q110266169|Q110266169]] | [[Dusignathus]] | Dusignathus | 5 | | [[File:Dusignathus santacruzensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 917 | [[:d:Q10760579|Q10760579]] | [[Galidia]] | Galidia | 5 | | [[File:Stavenn Galidia elegans.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidiinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 918 | [[:d:Q19817074|Q19817074]] | [[Paguma]] | Paguma | 5 | | [[File:Palm civet on tree (detail).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 919 | [[:d:Q19817094|Q19817094]] | [[Mungotictis]] | Mungotictis | 5 | | [[File:Schmalstreifenmungo.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidiinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 920 | [[:d:Q19758218|Q19758218]] | [[Satherium]] | Satherium | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 921 | [[:d:Q30892873|Q30892873]] | [[Herpestes auropunctatus]] | Herpestes auropunctatus | 5 | | [[File:Huirimongoose2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 922 | [[:d:Q4781890|Q4781890]] | [[Pliocyon]] | Pliocyon | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 923 | [[:d:Q4953387|Q4953387]] | [[Brachycyon]] | Brachycyon | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 924 | [[:d:Q30592526|Q30592526]] | [[Eomellivora]] | Eomellivora | 5 | | [[File:Eomellivora species.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mellivorinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 925 | [[:d:Q55341828|Q55341828]] | [[Pliotaxidea]] | Pliotaxidea | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Taxidiinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 926 | [[:d:Q6745736|Q6745736]] | [[Mammacyon]] | Mammacyon | 5 | | [[File:Mammacyon obtusidens.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Temnocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 927 | [[:d:Q7062942|Q7062942]] | [[Nothocyon geismarianus]] | Nothocyon geismarianus | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nothocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 928 | [[:d:Q7086806|Q7086806]] | [[Oligobunis]] | Oligobunis | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oligobuninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 929 | [[:d:Q16964564|Q16964564]] | [[Brachyrhynchocyon]] | Brachyrhynchocyon | 5 | | [[File:Brachyrhynchocyon cropped 2.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Daphoeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 930 | [[:d:Q41152037|Q41152037]] | [[Callophoca]] | Callophoca | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 931 | [[:d:Q15631638|Q15631638]] | [[Eira]] | Eira | 5 | | [[File:Eira barbara.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 932 | [[:d:Q16948102|Q16948102]] | [[Leptophoca]] | Leptophoca | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 933 | [[:d:Q30693570|Q30693570]] | [[Platyphoca]] | Platyphoca | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 934 | [[:d:Q104530185|Q104530185]] | [[Jinomrefu]] | Jinomrefu | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 935 | [[:d:Q3893367|Q3893367]] | [[Pannonictis]] | Pannonictis | 5 | | [[File:Pannonictis nestii.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 936 | [[:d:Q3725386|Q3725386]] | [[Enhydrocyon]] | Enhydrocyon | 5 | | [[File:A Lower Miocene fauna from South Dakota (1907) fig. 6.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 937 | [[:d:Q3756923|Q3756923]] | [[Chailicyon]] | Chailicyon | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 938 | [[:d:Q12047050|Q12047050]] | [[Proailurinae]] | Proailurinae | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 939 | [[:d:Q48773165|Q48773165]] | [[Hyperailurictis]] | Hyperailurictis | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 940 | [[:d:Q1502692|Q1502692]] | [[Pusa hispida saimensis]] | Pusa hispida saimensis | 5 | | [[File:Pusa hispida saimensis 304551354.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca hispida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 941 | [[:d:Q6048872|Q6048872]] | [[Odobenus rosmarus divergens]] | Odobenus rosmarus divergens | 5 | | [[File:Walrus2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Morsa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 942 | [[:d:Q6048875|Q6048875]] | [[Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus]] | Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus | 5 | | [[File:'Thor' the Walrus at Blyth Harbour, Northumberland 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Morsa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 943 | [[:d:Q5907226|Q5907226]] | [[Hose's mongoose]] | Herpestes brachyurus hosei | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[short-tailed mongoose]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 944 | [[:d:Q16987391|Q16987391]] | [[Paradoxurus stenocephalus]] | Paradoxurus stenocephalus | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 945 | [[:d:Q18578655|Q18578655]] | [[Alopecocyon]] | Alopecocyon | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 946 | [[:d:Q127599093|Q127599093]] | [[Lontra annectens]] | Lontra annectens | 5 | | [[File:Lontra longicaudis 236215952.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 947 | [[:d:Q108422513|Q108422513]] | [[Mellivora benfieldi]] | Mellivora benfieldi | 5 | | [[File:Mellivora benfieldi mandible.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mellivora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 948 | [[:d:Q511973|Q511973]] | [[Meles meles meles]] | Meles meles meles | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 949 | [[:d:Q950379|Q950379]] | [[Martes zibellina princeps]] | Martes zibellina princeps | 5 | | [[File:Zibellino del Barguzin (2) (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 950 | [[:d:Q3767894|Q3767894]] | [[Mustela lutreola turovi]] | Mustela lutreola turovi | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela lutreola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 951 | [[:d:Q9047305|Q9047305]] | [[Mustela erminea stabilis]] | Mustela erminea stabilis | 5 | | [[File:A pair of curious stoats (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 952 | [[:d:Q9047257|Q9047257]] | [[Mustela erminea hibernica]] | Mustela erminea hibernica | 5 | | [[File:Mustela erminea hibernica - Shawn O'Donnell - 42129165.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 953 | [[:d:Q9047340|Q9047340]] | [[Mustela nivalis namiyei]] | Mustela nivalis namiyei | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 954 | [[:d:Q9047344|Q9047344]] | [[Mustela nivalis nivalis]] | Mustela nivalis nivalis | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 955 | [[:d:Q9047345|Q9047345]] | [[Mustela nivalis numidica]] | Mustela nivalis numidica | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 956 | [[:d:Q3264046|Q3264046]] | [[Aonyx capensis capensis]] | Aonyx capensis capensis | 5 | | [[File:Aonyx capensis ssp. capensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 957 | [[:d:Q30594557|Q30594557]] | [[Sivapanthera]] | Sivapanthera | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 958 | [[:d:Q48965927|Q48965927]] | [[Leptofelis]] | Leptofelis | 5 | | [[File:Leptofelis vallesiensis skull - Batallones 1 fossil site, Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 959 | [[:d:Q9029584|Q9029584]] | [[Martes flavigula borealis]] | Martes flavigula borealis | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 960 | [[:d:Q9029588|Q9029588]] | [[Martes flavigula chrysospila]] | Martes flavigula chrysospila | 5 | | [[File:台灣黃喉貂Formosan yellow-throated marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 961 | [[:d:Q9029590|Q9029590]] | [[Martes flavigula flavigula]] | Martes flavigula flavigula | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 962 | [[:d:Q9029607|Q9029607]] | [[Martes flavigula saba]] | Martes flavigula saba | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 963 | [[:d:Q122092338|Q122092338]] | [[Pachypanthera]] | Pachypanthera | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 964 | [[:d:Q19818516|Q19818516]] | [[Hemimachairodus]] | Hemimachairodus | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 965 | [[:d:Q9047216|Q9047216]] | [[Mustela altaica raddei]] | Mustela altaica raddei | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela altaica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 966 | [[:d:Q6823285|Q6823285]] | [[Metatomarctus]] | Metatomarctus | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 967 | [[:d:Q11681078|Q11681078]] | [[Desmocyon]] | Desmocyon | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 968 | [[:d:Q4787629|Q4787629]] | [[Arctonasua]] | Arctonasua | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 969 | [[:d:Q65141542|Q65141542]] | [[Magerictis]] | Magerictis | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 970 | [[:d:Q2836818|Q2836818]] | [[Vulpes vulpes deletrix]] | Vulpes vulpes deletrix | 5 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes deletrix (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 971 | [[:d:Q9095048|Q9095048]] | [[Vulpes vulpes alascensis]] | Vulpes vulpes alascensis | 5 | | [[File:Red Fox in Denali (43175455902).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 972 | [[:d:Q9095051|Q9095051]] | [[Vulpes vulpes alpherakyi]] | Vulpes vulpes alpherakyi | 5 | | [[File:Лиса в Актау-Бузачинском природном заказнике. 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 973 | [[:d:Q9095061|Q9095061]] | [[Vulpes vulpes beringiana]] | Vulpes vulpes beringiana | 5 | | [[File:Лиса-огневка в Южно-Камчатском природном парке.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 974 | [[:d:Q9095075|Q9095075]] | [[Vulpes vulpes daurica]] | Vulpes vulpes daurica | 5 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes daurica in Olkhonsky (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 975 | [[:d:Q9095078|Q9095078]] | [[Vulpes vulpes dolichocrania]] | Vulpes vulpes dolichocrania | 5 | | [[File:Дикая свободная хитрая.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 976 | [[:d:Q9095093|Q9095093]] | [[Vulpes vulpes indutus]] | Vulpes vulpes indutus | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 977 | [[:d:Q9095103|Q9095103]] | [[Vulpes vulpes macroura]] | Vulpes vulpes macroura | 5 | | [[File:Red fox runs in the road (55104387242).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 978 | [[:d:Q9095123|Q9095123]] | [[Vulpes vulpes rubricosa]] | Vulpes vulpes rubricosa | 5 | | [[File:PEI-002 - Red Fox (2015).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 979 | [[:d:Q9095125|Q9095125]] | [[Vulpes vulpes silacea]] | Vulpes vulpes silacea | 5 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes 4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 980 | [[:d:Q11705189|Q11705189]] | [[Vulpes vulpes anatolica]] | Vulpes vulpes anatolica | 5 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes anatolica.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 981 | [[:d:Q11705191|Q11705191]] | [[Vulpes vulpes bangsi]] | Vulpes vulpes bangsi | 5 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes bangsi in Quebec (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 982 | [[:d:Q11705192|Q11705192]] | [[Vulpes vulpes griffithi]] | Vulpes vulpes griffithi | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 983 | [[:d:Q11705194|Q11705194]] | [[Vulpes vulpes niloticus]] | Vulpes vulpes niloticus | 5 | | [[File:Red Fox in Egypt.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 984 | [[:d:Q11705195|Q11705195]] | [[Vulpes vulpes palaestina]] | Vulpes vulpes palaestina | 5 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes at Eshel HaNasi3, israel.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 985 | [[:d:Q111144936|Q111144936]] | [[Felis wenzensis]] | Felis wenzensis | 5 | | [[File:Felis wenzensis holotype 1961.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 986 | [[:d:Q65119065|Q65119065]] | [[Panthera balamoides]] | Panthera balamoides | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 987 | [[:d:Q39080924|Q39080924]] | [[Leopardus emiliae]] | Leopardus emiliae | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 988 | [[:d:Q4930837|Q4930837]] | [[Blynx]] | Lynx rufus × Lynx canadensis | 5 | | [[File:Ernest Ingersoll - lynx rufus & lynx canadensis.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[hybrid]] | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 989 | [[:d:Q21366809|Q21366809]] | [[Ailuropoda wulingshanensis]] | Ailuropoda wulingshanensis | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuropoda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 990 | [[:d:Q56316534|Q56316534]] | [[Miracinonyx trumani]] | Miracinonyx trumani | 5 | | [[File:Miracinonyx (american cheetah).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Miracinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 991 | [[:d:Q3762044|Q3762044]] | [[Prohesperocyon wilsoni]] | Prohesperocyon wilsoni | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Prohesperocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 992 | [[:d:Q3922877|Q3922877]] | [[Promegantereon ogygia]] | Promegantereon ogygia | 5 | | [[File:M. Antón. (2013). Walking with sabertooths (fig. 7).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Promegantereon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 993 | [[:d:Q6871399|Q6871399]] | [[Miomachairodus]] | Miomachairodus | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 994 | [[:d:Q7186602|Q7186602]] | [[Phoberogale]] | Phoberogale | 5 | | [[File:Phoberogale shareri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phoberocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 995 | [[:d:Q7251553|Q7251553]] | [[Protepicyon raki]] | Protepicyon raki | 5 | | [[File:Protepicyon raki.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Protepicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 996 | [[:d:Q17484766|Q17484766]] | [[Melursus]] | Melursus | 5 | | [[File:Sloth Bear Washington DC.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 997 | [[:d:Q56326812|Q56326812]] | [[Protarctos]] | Protarctos | 5 | | [[File:Protarctos abstrusus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 998 | [[:d:Q3207725|Q3207725]] | [[Panthera leo hollisteri]] | Panthera leo hollisteri | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 999 | [[:d:Q3658126|Q3658126]] | [[Caracal caracal michaelis]] | Caracal caracal michaelis | 5 | | [[File:Caracal caracal michaelis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1000 | [[:d:Q8262825|Q8262825]] | [[Caracal caracal caracal]] | Caracal caracal caracal | 5 | | [[File:Caracal caracal ssp. caracal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1001 | [[:d:Q4038688|Q4038688]] | [[Felis chaus kutas]] | Felis chaus kutas | 5 | | [[File:Jungle Cat Felis Chaus Sundarbans India 30.12.2014.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1002 | [[:d:Q5442078|Q5442078]] | [[Felis chaus chaus]] | Felis chaus chaus | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1003 | [[:d:Q5442088|Q5442088]] | [[Felis chaus nilotica]] | Felis chaus nilotica | 5 | | [[File:Jungle cat at Giza Zoo by Hatem Moushir 81.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1004 | [[:d:Q9021709|Q9021709]] | [[Leptailurus serval constantinus]] | Leptailurus serval constantinus | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1005 | [[:d:Q9021721|Q9021721]] | [[Leptailurus serval lipostictus]] | Leptailurus serval lipostictus | 5 | | [[File:Leptailurus serval lipostictus 451988107.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1006 | [[:d:Q9055122|Q9055122]] | [[Panthera onca peruviana]] | Panthera onca peruviana | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1007 | [[:d:Q8961145|Q8961145]] | [[Felis silvestris caudata]] | Felis silvestris caudata | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1008 | [[:d:Q16352096|Q16352096]] | [[Ursus savini]] | Ursus savini | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1009 | [[:d:Q2641484|Q2641484]] | [[Arctotherium angustidens]] | Arctotherium angustidens | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1010 | [[:d:Q7071002|Q7071002]] | [[Nyctereutes donnezani]] | Nyctereutes donnezani | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1011 | [[:d:Q18644716|Q18644716]] | [[Kretzoiarctos]] | Kretzoiarctos | 5 | | [[File:Kretzoiarctos beatrix lower jaws.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuropodini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1012 | [[:d:Q4246186|Q4246186]] | [[Canis apolloniensis]] | Canis apolloniensis | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1013 | [[:d:Q5032440|Q5032440]] | [[Canis ferox]] | Canis ferox | 5 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1014 | [[:d:Q5893611|Q5893611]] | [[Helarctos malayanus malayanus]] | Helarctos malayanus malayanus | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helarctos malayanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1015 | [[:d:Q9092015|Q9092015]] | [[Ursus americanus pugnax]] | Ursus americanus pugnax | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1016 | [[:d:Q39198|Q39198]] | [[Canis lupus palustris]] | Canis lupus palustris | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1017 | [[:d:Q1290602|Q1290602]] | [[Canis lupus deitanus]] | Canis lupus deitanus | 5 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1018 | [[:d:Q2365956|Q2365956]] | [[Canis lupus indica]] | Canis lupus indica | 5 | | [[File:Wolf Islamabad Pakistan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1019 | [[:d:Q3655369|Q3655369]] | [[Canis aureus algirensis]] | Canis aureus algirensis | 5 | | [[File:Canis anthus algirensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1020 | [[:d:Q20720501|Q20720501]] | [[Canis latrans orcutti]] | Canis latrans orcutti | 5 | | [[File:Canis latrans orcutti.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1021 | [[:d:Q3530085|Q3530085]] | [[Afrodon]] | Afrodon | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Adapisoriculidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1022 | [[:d:Q3534841|Q3534841]] | [[Bustylus]] | Bustylus | 4 | | [[File:Bustylus marandati lower jaw fragment.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Adapisoriculidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1023 | [[:d:Q10262706|Q10262706]] | [[Cynoidea]] | Cynoidea | 4 | | [[File:Asian red dog.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1024 | [[:d:Q30693680|Q30693680]] | [[Pteronarctos]] | Pteronarctos | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pinnipedimorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1025 | [[:d:Q18520866|Q18520866]] | [[Eumetopias]] | Eumetopias | 4 | | [[File:Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) on rocks.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1026 | [[:d:Q19817146|Q19817146]] | [[Phocarctos]] | Phocarctos | 4 | | [[File:New Zealand Sea Lion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1027 | [[:d:Q19817175|Q19817175]] | [[Erignathus]] | Erignathus | 4 | | [[File:Bearded Seal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1028 | [[:d:Q19817211|Q19817211]] | [[Leptonychotes]] | Leptonychotes | 4 | | [[File:Phoque de Weddell - Weddell Seal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1029 | [[:d:Q19817237|Q19817237]] | [[Lobodon]] | Lobodon | 4 | | [[File:Krabbenfresser.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1030 | [[:d:Q19817251|Q19817251]] | [[Ommatophoca]] | Ommatophoca | 4 | | [[File:Rossrobbe.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1031 | [[:d:Q21344958|Q21344958]] | [[Afrophoca]] | Afrophoca | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1032 | [[:d:Q53014899|Q53014899]] | [[Noriphoca]] | Noriphoca | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1033 | [[:d:Q108635322|Q108635322]] | [[Oriensarctos]] | Oriensarctos | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1034 | [[:d:Q1687644|Q1687644]] | [[Martinogale]] | Martinogale | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1035 | [[:d:Q3985453|Q3985453]] | [[Thalassictis]] | Thalassictis | 4 | | [[File:鼬鬣狗 Thalassictis sp..jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1036 | [[:d:Q10751356|Q10751356]] | [[Cynictis]] | Cynictis | 4 | | [[File:Vosmangoesten zoo Lille.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1037 | [[:d:Q15057297|Q15057297]] | [[Hyaenictis]] | Hyaenictis | 4 | | [[File:Hyaenictis graeca.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1038 | [[:d:Q17635404|Q17635404]] | [[Leptoplesictis]] | Leptoplesictis | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1039 | [[:d:Q21446722|Q21446722]] | [[Protelinae]] | Protelinae | 4 | | [[File:Aardwolf ProtelesCristatus56.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1040 | [[:d:Q85990246|Q85990246]] | [[Syrtosmilus]] | Syrtosmilus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1041 | [[:d:Q85990324|Q85990324]] | [[Vampyrictis]] | Vampyrictis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1042 | [[:d:Q21230720|Q21230720]] | [[Pseudotaria]] | Pseudotaria | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1043 | [[:d:Q33120866|Q33120866]] | [[Protodobenus]] | Protodobenus | 4 | | [[File:Protodobenus japonicus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1044 | [[:d:Q64605261|Q64605261]] | [[Prototaria]] | Prototaria | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1045 | [[:d:Q64623706|Q64623706]] | [[Proneotherium]] | Proneotherium | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1046 | [[:d:Q19817088|Q19817088]] | [[Fossa]] | Fossa | 4 | | [[File:Fossa fossana (JoRoRe 2004-08-17 18h15m26s).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Euplerinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1047 | [[:d:Q10809475|Q10809475]] | [[Pteronura]] | Pteronura | 4 | | [[File:Giantotter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1048 | [[:d:Q10960505|Q10960505]] | [[Herpestes lemanensis]] | Herpestes lemanensis | 4 | | [[File:Herpestes.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1049 | [[:d:Q11802093|Q11802093]] | [[Pachycrocuta brevirostris]] | Pachycrocuta brevirostris | 4 | | [[File:Pachycrocuta brevirostris Orce pic1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pachycrocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1050 | [[:d:Q7254717|Q7254717]] | [[Pseudocyonopsis]] | Pseudocyonopsis | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1051 | [[:d:Q4953543|Q4953543]] | [[Brachypsalis]] | Brachypsalis | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oligobuninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1052 | [[:d:Q5221762|Q5221762]] | [[Daphoenictis]] | Daphoenictis | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Daphoeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1053 | [[:d:Q7249679|Q7249679]] | [[Promartes]] | Promartes | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oligobuninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1054 | [[:d:Q30693599|Q30693599]] | [[Homiphoca]] | Homiphoca | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1055 | [[:d:Q25001246|Q25001246]] | [[Brachyprotoma obtusata]] | Brachyprotoma obtusata | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Brachyprotoma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1056 | [[:d:Q30693586|Q30693586]] | [[Praepusa]] | Praepusa | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1057 | [[:d:Q52987100|Q52987100]] | [[Frisiphoca]] | Frisiphoca | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1058 | [[:d:Q19817304|Q19817304]] | [[Lyncodon]] | Lyncodon | 4 | | [[File:Lyncodon patagonicus1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1059 | [[:d:Q4499913|Q4499913]] | [[Polecat-ferret hybrid]] | Mustela putorius × Mustela putorius furo | 4 | | [[File:F1-Ferret-Hybrids.jpg|center|48px]] | [[hybrid]]<br/>[[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1060 | [[:d:Q20907619|Q20907619]] | [[Halichoerus grypus grypus]] | Halichoerus grypus grypus | 4 | | [[File:Two seals in the water.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Halichoerus grypus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1061 | [[:d:Q4184819|Q4184819]] | [[Atelocynus]] | Atelocynus | 4 | | [[File:Short-eared Dog.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1062 | [[:d:Q7252154|Q7252154]] | [[Prototocyon]] | Prototocyon | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1063 | [[:d:Q10786017|Q10786017]] | [[Liberiictis]] | Liberiictis | 4 | | | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Mungosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1064 | [[:d:Q59828609|Q59828609]] | [[Sivaelurus]] | Sivaelurus | 4 | | [[File:GSI-D 150.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1065 | [[:d:Q3267918|Q3267918]] | [[Lutra euxena]] | Lutra euxena | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1066 | [[:d:Q2165789|Q2165789]] | [[Genetta servalina archeri]] | Genetta servalina archeri | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta servalina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1067 | [[:d:Q12146924|Q12146924]] | [[Procyoninae]] | Procyoninae | 4 | | [[File:Raccoon (Procyon lotor) 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1068 | [[:d:Q63464071|Q63464071]] | [[Simocyoninae]] | Simocyoninae | 4 | | [[File:Simocyon batalleri head.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1069 | [[:d:Q7426144|Q7426144]] | [[Satherium piscinarium]] | Satherium piscinarium | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Satherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1070 | [[:d:Q108422392|Q108422392]] | [[Proteles amplidentus]] | Proteles amplidentus | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Proteles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1071 | [[:d:Q108486660|Q108486660]] | [[Suricata major]] | Suricata major | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Suricata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1072 | [[:d:Q2879318|Q2879318]] | [[Martes zibellina zibellina]] | Martes zibellina zibellina | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1073 | [[:d:Q2890761|Q2890761]] | [[Martes zibellina yeniseensis]] | Martes zibellina yeniseensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1074 | [[:d:Q5479287|Q5479287]] | [[Martes foina bunites]] | Martes foina bunites | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1075 | [[:d:Q5552433|Q5552433]] | [[Martes martes notialis]] | Martes martes notialis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1076 | [[:d:Q5555448|Q5555448]] | [[Martes foina syriaca]] | Martes foina syriaca | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1077 | [[:d:Q5798528|Q5798528]] | [[Martes zibellina ilimpiensis]] | Martes zibellina ilimpiensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1078 | [[:d:Q5847312|Q5847312]] | [[Martes zibellina jakutensis]] | Martes zibellina jakutensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1079 | [[:d:Q9029611|Q9029611]] | [[Martes foina foina]] | Martes foina foina | 4 | | [[File:Martes foina 1 (Bohuš Číčel).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1080 | [[:d:Q9029617|Q9029617]] | [[Martes foina kozlovi]] | Martes foina kozlovi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1081 | [[:d:Q9029619|Q9029619]] | [[Martes foina mediterranea]] | Martes foina mediterranea | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1082 | [[:d:Q9029623|Q9029623]] | [[Martes foina nehringi]] | Martes foina nehringi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1083 | [[:d:Q9029627|Q9029627]] | [[Martes foina toufoeus]] | Martes foina toufoeus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1084 | [[:d:Q9029630|Q9029630]] | [[Martes martes latinorum]] | Martes martes latinorum | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1085 | [[:d:Q9029633|Q9029633]] | [[Martes martes lorenzi]] | Martes martes lorenzi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1086 | [[:d:Q9029636|Q9029636]] | [[Martes martes martes]] | Martes martes martes | 4 | | [[File:Pine Marten BWC.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1087 | [[:d:Q9029642|Q9029642]] | [[Martes martes ruthena]] | Martes martes ruthena | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1088 | [[:d:Q9029645|Q9029645]] | [[Martes zibellina angarensis]] | Martes zibellina angarensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1089 | [[:d:Q9029647|Q9029647]] | [[Martes zibellina arsenjevi]] | Martes zibellina arsenjevi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1090 | [[:d:Q9029653|Q9029653]] | [[Martes zibellina kamtschadalica]] | Martes zibellina kamtschadalica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1091 | [[:d:Q9029655|Q9029655]] | [[Martes zibellina obscura]] | Martes zibellina obscura | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1092 | [[:d:Q9029659|Q9029659]] | [[Martes zibellina sahalinensis]] | Martes zibellina sahalinensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1093 | [[:d:Q9029666|Q9029666]] | [[Martes zibellina tomensis]] | Martes zibellina tomensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1094 | [[:d:Q9031320|Q9031320]] | [[Meles meles arcalus]] | Meles meles arcalus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1095 | [[:d:Q9031324|Q9031324]] | [[Meles meles heptneri]] | Meles meles heptneri | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1096 | [[:d:Q9031328|Q9031328]] | [[Meles meles milleri]] | Meles meles milleri | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1097 | [[:d:Q9031329|Q9031329]] | [[Meles meles rhodius]] | Meles meles rhodius | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1098 | [[:d:Q9031330|Q9031330]] | [[Meles meles severzovi]] | Meles meles severzovi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1099 | [[:d:Q9047275|Q9047275]] | [[Mustela erminea mongolica]] | Mustela erminea mongolica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1100 | [[:d:Q9047277|Q9047277]] | [[Mustela erminea muricus]] | Mustela erminea muricus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1101 | [[:d:Q9047286|Q9047286]] | [[Mustela erminea ognevi]] | Mustela erminea ognevi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1102 | [[:d:Q9047288|Q9047288]] | [[Mustela erminea olympica]] | Mustela erminea olympica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1103 | [[:d:Q9047290|Q9047290]] | [[Mustela erminea polaris]] | Mustela erminea polaris | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1104 | [[:d:Q9047291|Q9047291]] | [[Mustela erminea richardsonii]] | Mustela erminea richardsonii | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1105 | [[:d:Q9047295|Q9047295]] | [[Mustela erminea salva]] | Mustela erminea salva | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1106 | [[:d:Q9047298|Q9047298]] | [[Mustela erminea seclusa]] | Mustela erminea seclusa | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1107 | [[:d:Q9047302|Q9047302]] | [[Mustela erminea semplei]] | Mustela erminea semplei | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1108 | [[:d:Q9047309|Q9047309]] | [[Mustela erminea teberdina]] | Mustela erminea teberdina | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1109 | [[:d:Q9047311|Q9047311]] | [[Mustela lutreola biedermanni]] | Mustela lutreola biedermanni | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela lutreola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1110 | [[:d:Q9047312|Q9047312]] | [[Mustela lutreola binominata]] | Mustela lutreola binominata | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela lutreola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1111 | [[:d:Q9047316|Q9047316]] | [[Mustela lutreola cylipena]] | Mustela lutreola cylipena | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela lutreola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1112 | [[:d:Q9047318|Q9047318]] | [[Mustela lutreola lutreola]] | Mustela lutreola lutreola | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela lutreola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1113 | [[:d:Q9047319|Q9047319]] | [[Mustela lutreola novikovi]] | Mustela lutreola novikovi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela lutreola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1114 | [[:d:Q9047322|Q9047322]] | [[Mustela lutreola transsylvanica]] | Mustela lutreola transsylvanica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela lutreola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1115 | [[:d:Q11691232|Q11691232]] | [[Martes foina bosniaca]] | Martes foina bosniaca | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1116 | [[:d:Q11691237|Q11691237]] | [[Martes foina intermedia]] | Martes foina intermedia | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1117 | [[:d:Q11691241|Q11691241]] | [[Martes foina milleri]] | Martes foina milleri | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1118 | [[:d:Q11691246|Q11691246]] | [[Martes foina rosanowi]] | Martes foina rosanowi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes foina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1119 | [[:d:Q11691251|Q11691251]] | [[Martes martes borealis]] | Martes martes borealis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1120 | [[:d:Q11691256|Q11691256]] | [[Martes martes minoricensis]] | Martes martes minoricensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1121 | [[:d:Q11691261|Q11691261]] | [[Martes martes uralensis]] | Martes martes uralensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1122 | [[:d:Q11691266|Q11691266]] | [[Martes zibellina averini]] | Martes zibellina averini | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1123 | [[:d:Q11691271|Q11691271]] | [[Martes zibellina sajanensis]] | Martes zibellina sajanensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1124 | [[:d:Q11691276|Q11691276]] | [[Martes zibellina schantaricus]] | Martes zibellina schantaricus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1125 | [[:d:Q11691282|Q11691282]] | [[Martes zibellina tungussensis]] | Martes zibellina tungussensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes zibellina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1126 | [[:d:Q11691947|Q11691947]] | [[Meles meles marianensis]] | Meles meles marianensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1127 | [[:d:Q11694606|Q11694606]] | [[Mustela erminea arctica]] | Mustela erminea arctica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1128 | [[:d:Q11694611|Q11694611]] | [[Mustela erminea bangsi]] | Mustela erminea bangsi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1129 | [[:d:Q11694614|Q11694614]] | [[Mustela erminea erminea]] | Mustela erminea erminea | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1130 | [[:d:Q11694618|Q11694618]] | [[Mustela erminea ferghanae]] | Mustela erminea ferghanae | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1131 | [[:d:Q11694623|Q11694623]] | [[Mustela erminea haidarum]] | Mustela erminea haidarum | 4 | | [[File:Haida Ermine (Mustela haidarum).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1132 | [[:d:Q11694628|Q11694628]] | [[Mustela erminea initis]] | Mustela erminea initis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1133 | [[:d:Q11694635|Q11694635]] | [[Mustela erminea martinoi]] | Mustela erminea martinoi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1134 | [[:d:Q11694638|Q11694638]] | [[Mustela erminea streatori]] | Mustela erminea streatori | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1135 | [[:d:Q11694639|Q11694639]] | [[Mustela erminea tobolica]] | Mustela erminea tobolica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1136 | [[:d:Q12185009|Q12185009]] | [[Mustela putorius caledoniae]] | Mustela putorius caledoniae | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1137 | [[:d:Q427373|Q427373]] | [[Mustela erminea minima]] | Mustela erminea minima | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1138 | [[:d:Q951014|Q951014]] | [[Mustela nivalis tonkinensis]] | Mustela nivalis tonkinensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1139 | [[:d:Q5657825|Q5657825]] | [[Mustela erminea ricinae]] | Mustela erminea ricinae | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1140 | [[:d:Q5796505|Q5796505]] | [[Mustela nivalis campestris]] | Mustela nivalis campestris | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1141 | [[:d:Q5852088|Q5852088]] | [[Mustela erminea invicta]] | Mustela erminea invicta | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1142 | [[:d:Q9001438|Q9001438]] | [[Gulo gulo gulo]] | Gulo gulo gulo | 4 | | [[File:Wolverine (10597551303).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[glutton]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1143 | [[:d:Q9001440|Q9001440]] | [[Gulo gulo albus]] | Gulo gulo albus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[glutton]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1144 | [[:d:Q9001442|Q9001442]] | [[Gulo gulo katschemakensis]] | Gulo gulo katschemakensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[glutton]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1145 | [[:d:Q9001448|Q9001448]] | [[Gulo gulo vancouverensis]] | Gulo gulo vancouverensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[glutton]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1146 | [[:d:Q9047231|Q9047231]] | [[Mustela erminea aestiva]] | Mustela erminea aestiva | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1147 | [[:d:Q9047235|Q9047235]] | [[Mustela erminea alascensis]] | Mustela erminea alascensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1148 | [[:d:Q9047241|Q9047241]] | [[Mustela erminea anguinae]] | Mustela erminea anguinae | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1149 | [[:d:Q9047246|Q9047246]] | [[Mustela erminea celenda]] | Mustela erminea celenda | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1150 | [[:d:Q9047247|Q9047247]] | [[Mustela erminea cigognanii]] | Mustela erminea cigognanii | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1151 | [[:d:Q9047252|Q9047252]] | [[Mustela erminea fallenda]] | Mustela erminea fallenda | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1152 | [[:d:Q9047255|Q9047255]] | [[Mustela erminea gulosa]] | Mustela erminea gulosa | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1153 | [[:d:Q9047260|Q9047260]] | [[Mustela erminea kadiacensis]] | Mustela erminea kadiacensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1154 | [[:d:Q9047265|Q9047265]] | [[Mustela erminea kaneii]] | Mustela erminea kaneii | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1155 | [[:d:Q9047267|Q9047267]] | [[Mustela erminea karaginensis]] | Mustela erminea karaginensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1156 | [[:d:Q9047272|Q9047272]] | [[Mustela erminea lymani]] | Mustela erminea lymani | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1157 | [[:d:Q9047328|Q9047328]] | [[Mustela nivalis allegheniensis]] | Mustela nivalis allegheniensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1158 | [[:d:Q9047333|Q9047333]] | [[Mustela nivalis boccamela]] | Mustela nivalis boccamela | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1159 | [[:d:Q9047334|Q9047334]] | [[Mustela nivalis eskimo]] | Mustela nivalis eskimo | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1160 | [[:d:Q9047335|Q9047335]] | [[Mustela nivalis heptneri]] | Mustela nivalis heptneri | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1161 | [[:d:Q9047349|Q9047349]] | [[Mustela nivalis pygmaea]] | Mustela nivalis pygmaea | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1162 | [[:d:Q9047352|Q9047352]] | [[Mustela nivalis pallida]] | Mustela nivalis pallida | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1163 | [[:d:Q9047357|Q9047357]] | [[Mustela nivalis russelliana]] | Mustela nivalis russelliana | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1164 | [[:d:Q9047360|Q9047360]] | [[Mustela nivalis stoliczkana]] | Mustela nivalis stoliczkana | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1165 | [[:d:Q9047361|Q9047361]] | [[Mustela nivalis vulgaris]] | Mustela nivalis vulgaris | 4 | | [[File:Brehms Het Leven der Dieren Zoogdieren Orde 4 Wezel (Putorius vulgaris).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1166 | [[:d:Q11682279|Q11682279]] | [[Gulo gulo luteus]] | Gulo gulo luteus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[glutton]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1167 | [[:d:Q14531833|Q14531833]] | [[Mustela nivalis rixosa]] | Mustela nivalis rixosa | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1168 | [[:d:Q122058803|Q122058803]] | [[Atopotarus]] | Atopotarus | 4 | | [[File:Atopotarus courseni LACM 1376.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Allodesminae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1169 | [[:d:Q19819898|Q19819898]] | [[Otocolobus]] | Otocolobus | 4 | | [[File:Manoel.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1170 | [[:d:Q20907659|Q20907659]] | [[Lutra lutra seistanica]] | Lutra lutra seistanica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1171 | [[:d:Q21368827|Q21368827]] | [[Pristifelis]] | Pristifelis | 4 | | [[File:Pristifelis attica - mandible and left metacarpus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1172 | [[:d:Q96405791|Q96405791]] | [[Sivapardus]] | Sivapardus | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1173 | [[:d:Q9029591|Q9029591]] | [[Martes flavigula hainana]] | Martes flavigula hainana | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1174 | [[:d:Q9029592|Q9029592]] | [[Martes flavigula henrici]] | Martes flavigula henrici | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1175 | [[:d:Q9029599|Q9029599]] | [[Martes flavigula peninsularis]] | Martes flavigula peninsularis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1176 | [[:d:Q9029601|Q9029601]] | [[Martes flavigula robinsoni]] | Martes flavigula robinsoni | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1177 | [[:d:Q20907775|Q20907775]] | [[Mellivora capensis cottoni]] | Mellivora capensis cottoni | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1178 | [[:d:Q5549250|Q5549250]] | [[Martes americana vulpina]] | Martes americana vulpina | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1179 | [[:d:Q9029564|Q9029564]] | [[Martes americana americana]] | Martes americana americana | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1180 | [[:d:Q9029566|Q9029566]] | [[Martes americana humboldtensis]] | Martes americana humboldtensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1181 | [[:d:Q9029569|Q9029569]] | [[Martes americana kenaiensis]] | Martes americana kenaiensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1182 | [[:d:Q9029570|Q9029570]] | [[Martes americana nesophila]] | Martes americana nesophila | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1183 | [[:d:Q9029571|Q9029571]] | [[Martes americana origensis]] | Martes americana origensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1184 | [[:d:Q9029573|Q9029573]] | [[Martes americana sierrae]] | Martes americana sierrae | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1185 | [[:d:Q11691204|Q11691204]] | [[Martes americana abieticola]] | Martes americana abieticola | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1186 | [[:d:Q11691209|Q11691209]] | [[Martes americana actuosa]] | Martes americana actuosa | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1187 | [[:d:Q11691215|Q11691215]] | [[Martes americana vancourverensis]] | Martes americana vancourverensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1188 | [[:d:Q115800580|Q115800580]] | [[Leontoceryx]] | Leontoceryx | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1189 | [[:d:Q20907645|Q20907645]] | [[Lontra longicaudis annectens]] | Lontra longicaudis annectens | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra longicaudis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1190 | [[:d:Q7186603|Q7186603]] | [[Phoberocyon]] | Phoberocyon | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1191 | [[:d:Q9047211|Q9047211]] | [[Mustela altaica altaica]] | Mustela altaica altaica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela altaica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1192 | [[:d:Q9047219|Q9047219]] | [[Mustela altaica temon]] | Mustela altaica temon | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela altaica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1193 | [[:d:Q11694601|Q11694601]] | [[Mustela altaica birulai]] | Mustela altaica birulai | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela altaica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1194 | [[:d:Q3612250|Q3612250]] | [[Psalidocyon]] | Psalidocyon | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1195 | [[:d:Q3729451|Q3729451]] | [[Paracynarctus]] | Paracynarctus | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1196 | [[:d:Q5409872|Q5409872]] | [[Euoplocyon]] | Euoplocyon | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1197 | [[:d:Q7252035|Q7252035]] | [[Protomarctus]] | Protomarctus | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1198 | [[:d:Q7701327|Q7701327]] | [[Tephrocyon]] | Tephrocyon | 4 | | [[File:Tephrocyon (white background).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1199 | [[:d:Q11694596|Q11694596]] | [[Mustela africana stolzmanni]] | Mustela africana stolzmanni | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela africana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1200 | [[:d:Q2303349|Q2303349]] | [[Cyonasua argentina]] | Cyonasua argentina | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cyonasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1201 | [[:d:Q10808340|Q10808340]] | [[Potos]] | Potos | 4 | | [[File:Kinkajou2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Potosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1202 | [[:d:Q65141603|Q65141603]] | [[Protursus]] | Protursus | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Simocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1203 | [[:d:Q1028475|Q1028475]] | [[Procyon lotor minor]] | Procyon lotor minor | 4 | | [[File:Procyon minor01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1204 | [[:d:Q5800406|Q5800406]] | [[Vulpes vulpes tschiliensis]] | Vulpes vulpes tschiliensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1205 | [[:d:Q9095047|Q9095047]] | [[Vulpes vulpes abietorum]] | Vulpes vulpes abietorum | 4 | | [[File:Red fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1206 | [[:d:Q9095054|Q9095054]] | [[Vulpes vulpes atlantica]] | Vulpes vulpes atlantica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1207 | [[:d:Q9095067|Q9095067]] | [[Vulpes vulpes caucasica]] | Vulpes vulpes caucasica | 4 | | [[File:Steppe Family by Mashin Rostislav.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1208 | [[:d:Q9095084|Q9095084]] | [[Vulpes vulpes harrimani]] | Vulpes vulpes harrimani | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1209 | [[:d:Q9095088|Q9095088]] | [[Vulpes vulpes hoole]] | Vulpes vulpes hoole | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1210 | [[:d:Q9095098|Q9095098]] | [[Vulpes vulpes jakutensis]] | Vulpes vulpes jakutensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1211 | [[:d:Q9095099|Q9095099]] | [[Vulpes vulpes karagan]] | Vulpes vulpes karagan | 4 | | [[File:Лисица.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1212 | [[:d:Q9095115|Q9095115]] | [[Vulpes vulpes ochroxantha]] | Vulpes vulpes ochroxantha | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1213 | [[:d:Q9095118|Q9095118]] | [[Vulpes vulpes regalis]] | Vulpes vulpes regalis | 4 | | [[File:Vulpes vulpes regalis (2).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1214 | [[:d:Q9095135|Q9095135]] | [[Vulpes vulpes tobolica]] | Vulpes vulpes tobolica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1215 | [[:d:Q11705193|Q11705193]] | [[Vulpes vulpes kenaiensis]] | Vulpes vulpes kenaiensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1216 | [[:d:Q11705196|Q11705196]] | [[Vulpes vulpes splendidissima]] | Vulpes vulpes splendidissima | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1217 | [[:d:Q11705198|Q11705198]] | [[Vulpes vulpes stepensis]] | Vulpes vulpes stepensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1218 | [[:d:Q11955017|Q11955017]] | [[Vulpes vulpes dorsalis]] | Vulpes vulpes dorsalis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1219 | [[:d:Q3362472|Q3362472]] | [[Panthera schreuderi]] | Panthera schreuderi | 4 | | [[File:Panthera schreuderi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1220 | [[:d:Q7228360|Q7228360]] | [[Pontosmilus]] | Pontosmilus | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Metailurini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1221 | [[:d:Q9087635|Q9087635]] | [[tigard]] | Panthera pardus × Panthera tigris | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1222 | [[:d:Q118612732|Q118612732]] | [[Panthera principialis]] | Panthera principialis | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1223 | [[:d:Q5985095|Q5985095]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus magellanicus]] | Lycalopex culpaeus magellanicus | 4 | | [[File:Fox -Puerto Natales, Patagonia, Chile-8.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1224 | [[:d:Q5985097|Q5985097]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus reissii]] | Lycalopex culpaeus reissii | 4 | | [[File:Pes horský.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1225 | [[:d:Q56316454|Q56316454]] | [[Miracinonyx inexpectatus]] | Miracinonyx inexpectatus | 4 | | [[File:Miracinonyx inexpectatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Miracinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1226 | [[:d:Q123260114|Q123260114]] | [[Acinonyx intermedius]] | Acinonyx intermedius | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Acinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1227 | [[:d:Q3879909|Q3879909]] | [[Nurocyon chonokhariensis]] | Nurocyon chonokhariensis | 4 | | [[File:Nurocyon.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nurocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1228 | [[:d:Q3922171|Q3922171]] | [[Pristifelis attica]] | Pristifelis attica | 4 | | [[File:Pristifelis attica - mandible and left metacarpus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pristifelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1229 | [[:d:Q5199889|Q5199889]] | [[Cynarctina]] | Cynarctina | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1230 | [[:d:Q8262823|Q8262823]] | [[Caracal caracal algira]] | Caracal caracal algira | 4 | | [[File:Caracal caracal algira - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC02737.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1231 | [[:d:Q8262827|Q8262827]] | [[Caracal caracal damarensis]] | Caracal caracal damarensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1232 | [[:d:Q8262829|Q8262829]] | [[Caracal caracal limpopoensis]] | Caracal caracal limpopoensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1233 | [[:d:Q8262831|Q8262831]] | [[Caracal caracal lucani]] | Caracal caracal lucani | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1234 | [[:d:Q8262833|Q8262833]] | [[Caracal caracal nubica]] | Caracal caracal nubica | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1235 | [[:d:Q8262836|Q8262836]] | [[Caracal caracal poecilotis]] | Caracal caracal poecilotis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1236 | [[:d:Q2202668|Q2202668]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis heaneyi]] | Prionailurus bengalensis heaneyi | 4 | | [[File:Kočka palawanská Zoo Praha 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1237 | [[:d:Q2632995|Q2632995]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis rabori]] | Prionailurus bengalensis rabori | 4 | | [[File:Visayan Leopard Cat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1238 | [[:d:Q4173311|Q4173311]] | [[Panthera pardus sickenbergi]] | Panthera pardus sickenbergi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1239 | [[:d:Q5442081|Q5442081]] | [[Felis chaus fulvidina]] | Felis chaus fulvidina | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1240 | [[:d:Q5442087|Q5442087]] | [[Felis chaus prateri]] | Felis chaus prateri | 4 | | [[File:Melanistic Jungle Cat Asani Bhaduri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1241 | [[:d:Q6092774|Q6092774]] | [[Puma concolor anthonyi]] | Puma concolor anthonyi | 4 | | [[File:Puma en reserva Guaycolec, Formosa, Argentina 06g.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma|Puma concolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1242 | [[:d:Q9064709|Q9064709]] | [[Puma concolor puma]] | Puma concolor puma | 4 | | [[File:Puma concolor puma 1.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma|Puma concolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1243 | [[:d:Q5442092|Q5442092]] | [[Felis margarita harrisoni]] | Felis margarita harrisoni | 4 | | [[File:Felis margarita harrisoni - Sandkatze.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto del deserto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1244 | [[:d:Q5442095|Q5442095]] | [[Felis margarita thinobia]] | Felis margarita thinobia | 4 | | [[File:Persian sand CAT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto del deserto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1245 | [[:d:Q5814436|Q5814436]] | [[Felis silvestris jordansi]] | Felis silvestris jordansi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1246 | [[:d:Q5901456|Q5901456]] | [[Homotherium latidens]] | Homotherium latidens | 4 | | [[File:Homotherium latidens cub mummy fig2 (cropped).webp|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1247 | [[:d:Q5901460|Q5901460]] | [[Homotherium serum]] | Homotherium serum | 4 | | [[File:Homotherium serum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1248 | [[:d:Q5901463|Q5901463]] | [[Homotherium venezuelensis]] | Homotherium venezuelensis | 4 | | [[File:Homotherium venezuelensis7.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1249 | [[:d:Q8961147|Q8961147]] | [[Felis silvestris foxi]] | Felis silvestris foxi | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1250 | [[:d:Q8961157|Q8961157]] | [[Felis silvestris ocreata]] | Felis silvestris ocreata | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1251 | [[:d:Q6158080|Q6158080]] | [[Ursus dolinensis]] | Ursus dolinensis | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1252 | [[:d:Q4021771|Q4021771]] | [[Xenocyon lycaonoides]] | Xenocyon lycaonoides | 4 | | [[File:Xenocyon falconeri 2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Xenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1253 | [[:d:Q5032439|Q5032439]] | [[Canis cedazoensis]] | Canis cedazoensis | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1254 | [[:d:Q5032445|Q5032445]] | [[Canis nehringi]] | Canis nehringi | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1255 | [[:d:Q5477997|Q5477997]] | [[Ursus americanus californiensis]] | Ursus americanus californiensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1256 | [[:d:Q5674669|Q5674669]] | [[Ursus americanus vancouveri]] | Ursus americanus vancouveri | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1257 | [[:d:Q9092007|Q9092007]] | [[Ursus americanus altifrontalis]] | Ursus americanus altifrontalis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1258 | [[:d:Q9092009|Q9092009]] | [[Ursus americanus americanus]] | Ursus americanus americanus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1259 | [[:d:Q9092014|Q9092014]] | [[Ursus americanus eremicus]] | Ursus americanus eremicus | 4 | | [[File:Ursus americanus eremicus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1260 | [[:d:Q9092036|Q9092036]] | [[Ursus thibetanus thibetanus]] | Ursus thibetanus thibetanus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1261 | [[:d:Q11704936|Q11704936]] | [[Ursus americanus amblyceps]] | Ursus americanus amblyceps | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1262 | [[:d:Q20907548|Q20907548]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides koreensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1263 | [[:d:Q20907612|Q20907612]] | [[Ursus thibetanus mupinensis]] | Ursus thibetanus mupinensis | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1264 | [[:d:Q21401250|Q21401250]] | [[Ursus arctos yesoensis]] | Ursus arctos yesoensis | 4 | | [[File:Ussuri Brown Bear Noboribetsu 2019.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1265 | [[:d:Q105272263|Q105272263]] | [[Canis lupaster]] | Canis lupaster | 4 | | [[File:Grey jackal from Haizer Algeria 4.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1266 | [[:d:Q3742297|Q3742297]] | [[Felis lybica sarda]] | Felis lybica sarda | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage african]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1267 | [[:d:Q111519517|Q111519517]] | [[Aenocyon]] | Aenocyon | 4 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1268 | [[:d:Q122839865|Q122839865]] | [[Nyctereutes viverrinus viverrinus]] | Nyctereutes viverrinus viverrinus | 4 | | [[File:Nyctereutes viverrinus viverrinus - Timur Kalininsky - 114239829.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes viverrinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1269 | [[:d:Q18148124|Q18148124]] | [[Canis latrans lestes]] | Canis latrans lestes | 4 | | [[File:Coyote Yellowstone (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1270 | [[:d:Q18158082|Q18158082]] | [[Canis latrans incolatus]] | Canis latrans incolatus | 4 | | [[File:Coyote in Alaska.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1271 | [[:d:Q126678468|Q126678468]] | [[Canis lupaster soudanicus]] | Canis lupaster soudanicus | 4 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis lupaster]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1272 | [[:d:Q20721864|Q20721864]] | [[Helictidinae]] | Helictidinae | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1273 | [[:d:Q21358817|Q21358817]] | [[Ferinestrix]] | Ferinestrix | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1274 | [[:d:Q56328384|Q56328384]] | [[Amphicticeps]] | Amphicticeps | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[carnivoros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1275 | [[:d:Q85989123|Q85989123]] | [[Alagtsavbaatar]] | Alagtsavbaatar | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1276 | [[:d:Q85989920|Q85989920]] | [[Palaeogalidae]] | Palaeogalidae | 3 | | [[File:Palaeogale skull lateral Matthew 1902.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1277 | [[:d:Q119015399|Q119015399]] | [[Subparictidae]] | Subparictidae | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1278 | [[:d:Q132170502|Q132170502]] | [[Peignictis]] | Peignictis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[carnivoros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1279 | [[:d:Q3724927|Q3724927]] | [[Enaliarctidae]] | Enaliarctidae | 3 | | [[File:Enaliarctos mealsi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pinnipedia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1280 | [[:d:Q16975912|Q16975912]] | [[Hydrurga]] | Hydrurga | 3 | | [[File:Seeleopard.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1281 | [[:d:Q18001682|Q18001682]] | [[Halichoerus]] | Halichoerus | 3 | | [[File:Foka szara mateusz wlodarczyk.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1282 | [[:d:Q19817156|Q19817156]] | [[Cystophora]] | Cystophora | 3 | | [[File:Klappmuetze MK.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1283 | [[:d:Q19817285|Q19817285]] | [[Pagophilus]] | Pagophilus | 3 | | [[File:Blanchon-idlm2006.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1284 | [[:d:Q30693564|Q30693564]] | [[Pontophoca]] | Pontophoca | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1285 | [[:d:Q105722413|Q105722413]] | [[Eotaria]] | Eotaria | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1286 | [[:d:Q106209973|Q106209973]] | [[Oaxacagale]] | Oaxacagale | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1287 | [[:d:Q108146761|Q108146761]] | [[Corumictis]] | Corumictis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1288 | [[:d:Q112959105|Q112959105]] | [[Vishnuonyx]] | Vishnuonyx | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1289 | [[:d:Q121397638|Q121397638]] | [[Pithanotaria]] | Pithanotaria | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1290 | [[:d:Q123015506|Q123015506]] | [[Sivaonyx]] | Sivaonyx | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1291 | [[:d:Q131851334|Q131851334]] | [[Trochictis]] | Trochictis | 3 | | [[File:(MHNT) Trochictis artenensis (Ginsburg, 1968) Hémimandibule droite.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1292 | [[:d:Q10803995|Q10803995]] | [[Paracynictis]] | Paracynictis | 3 | | [[File:Paracynictis selousi Smit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1293 | [[:d:Q21446410|Q21446410]] | [[Hoplophoninae]] | Hoplophoninae | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1294 | [[:d:Q97372855|Q97372855]] | [[Mungotinae]] | Mungotinae | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1295 | [[:d:Q4690268|Q4690268]] | [[Afrocyon]] | Afrocyon | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1296 | [[:d:Q4748237|Q4748237]] | [[Amphicyanis]] | Amphicyanis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1297 | [[:d:Q4764524|Q4764524]] | [[Anictis]] | Anictis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1298 | [[:d:Q5305892|Q5305892]] | [[Drassonax]] | Drassonax | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1299 | [[:d:Q6890585|Q6890585]] | [[Moghradictis]] | Moghradictis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1300 | [[:d:Q19817095|Q19817095]] | [[Nandinia]] | Nandinia | 3 | | [[File:Nandinia binotata, Manchester Museum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Nandiniidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1301 | [[:d:Q21446607|Q21446607]] | [[Canoidea]] | Canoidea | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1302 | [[:d:Q56328139|Q56328139]] | [[Necromites]] | Necromites | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Semantoridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1303 | [[:d:Q85989435|Q85989435]] | [[Haplogale]] | Haplogale | 3 | | [[File:Haplogale media.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1304 | [[:d:Q85989541|Q85989541]] | [[Izmirictis]] | Izmirictis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lophocyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1305 | [[:d:Q85990177|Q85990177]] | [[Shandgolictis]] | Shandgolictis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1306 | [[:d:Q85990185|Q85990185]] | [[Sivanasua]] | Sivanasua | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lophocyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1307 | [[:d:Q111620850|Q111620850]] | [[Osodobenus]] | Osodobenus | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1308 | [[:d:Q111802261|Q111802261]] | [[Titanotaria]] | Titanotaria | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1309 | [[:d:Q121409576|Q121409576]] | [[Palaeoprionodon]] | Palaeoprionodon | 3 | | [[File:Palaeoprionodon lamandini.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1310 | [[:d:Q123015318|Q123015318]] | [[Pinnarctidion]] | Pinnarctidion | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pinnipediformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1311 | [[:d:Q2166001|Q2166001]] | [[Conepatus mesoleucus]] | Conepatus mesoleucus | 3 | | [[File:Hog-nosed-skunk.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1312 | [[:d:Q19817079|Q19817079]] | [[Diplogale]] | Diplogale | 3 | | [[File:HemigaleHoseiSmit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Hemigalinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1313 | [[:d:Q18272206|Q18272206]] | [[Hydrictis]] | Hydrictis | 3 | | [[File:Spotted-necked otter 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1314 | [[:d:Q60978099|Q60978099]] | [[Paralutra]] | Paralutra | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1315 | [[:d:Q108030101|Q108030101]] | [[Genetta plesictoides]] | Genetta plesictoides | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1316 | [[:d:Q122070113|Q122070113]] | [[Vishnuictis]] | Vishnuictis | 3 | | [[File:Vishnuictis reconstruction.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1317 | [[:d:Q3181107|Q3181107]] | [[Haplocyonopsis]] | Haplocyonopsis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1318 | [[:d:Q5411680|Q5411680]] | [[Euroamphicyon]] | Euroamphicyon | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1319 | [[:d:Q5651728|Q5651728]] | [[Haplocyon]] | Haplocyon | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1320 | [[:d:Q5651730|Q5651730]] | [[Haplocyonoides]] | Haplocyonoides | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1321 | [[:d:Q55370786|Q55370786]] | [[Goupilictis]] | Goupilictis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1322 | [[:d:Q98456157|Q98456157]] | [[Conepatus amazonicus]] | Conepatus amazonicus | 3 | | [[File:Conepatus amazonicus - ....Christopher Borges.... - 533154117.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1323 | [[:d:Q107882731|Q107882731]] | [[Spilogale leucoparia]] | Spilogale leucoparia | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1324 | [[:d:Q108800477|Q108800477]] | [[Spilogale interrupta]] | Spilogale interrupta | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1325 | [[:d:Q111280772|Q111280772]] | [[Namibiocyon]] | Namibiocyon | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1326 | [[:d:Q123015110|Q123015110]] | [[Eodesmus]] | Eodesmus | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Desmatophocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1327 | [[:d:Q28182554|Q28182554]] | [[Pleistocene New Zealand sea lion]] | Neophoca palatina | 3 | | [[File:Neophoca palatina (AM LM76-8).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Neophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1328 | [[:d:Q55221346|Q55221346]] | [[Auroraphoca]] | Auroraphoca | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1329 | [[:d:Q108422375|Q108422375]] | [[Atilax mesotes]] | Atilax mesotes | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Atilax]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1330 | [[:d:Q765132|Q765132]] | [[Thaumastocyon]] | Thaumastocyon | 3 | | [[File:Thaumastocyon bourgeoisi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Thaumastocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1331 | [[:d:Q2477712|Q2477712]] | [[Imagotaria downsi]] | Imagotaria downsi | 3 | | [[File:Imagotaria downsi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Imagotaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1332 | [[:d:Q4138182|Q4138182]] | [[Hyaenictitherium]] | Hyaenictitherium | 3 | | [[File:Hyaenictitherium DB24.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ictitheriinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1333 | [[:d:Q16929812|Q16929812]] | [[Hyaenotherium]] | Hyaenotherium | 3 | | [[File:似鬣狗鼬鬣狗 Hyaenotherium hyaeneides.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ictitheriinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1334 | [[:d:Q30693544|Q30693544]] | [[Nanophoca]] | Nanophoca | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1335 | [[:d:Q30693561|Q30693561]] | [[Phocanella]] | Phocanella | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1336 | [[:d:Q30693573|Q30693573]] | [[Gryphoca]] | Gryphoca | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1337 | [[:d:Q135102360|Q135102360]] | [[Circamustela]] | Circamustela | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1338 | [[:d:Q10808040|Q10808040]] | [[Poecilogale]] | Poecilogale | 3 | | [[File:Whitenapedweasellg2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1339 | [[:d:Q16696649|Q16696649]] | [[Semantor macrurus]] | Semantor macrurus | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Semantor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1340 | [[:d:Q18002457|Q18002457]] | [[Palaeomephitis steinheimensis]] | Palaeomephitis steinheimensis | 3 | | [[File:Palaeomephitis steinheimensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Palaeomephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1341 | [[:d:Q25436860|Q25436860]] | [[Archaeodobenus akamatsui]] | Archaeodobenus akamatsui | 3 | | [[File:Archaeodobenus.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Archaeodobenus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1342 | [[:d:Q33177251|Q33177251]] | [[Ictonychini]] | Ictonychini | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1343 | [[:d:Q97370757|Q97370757]] | [[Pithanotaria starri]] | Pithanotaria starri | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pithanotaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1344 | [[:d:Q108030483|Q108030483]] | [[Enhydrictis]] | Enhydrictis | 3 | | [[File:Enhydrictis galictoides.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1345 | [[:d:Q135257780|Q135257780]] | [[Lyncodontini]] | Lyncodontini | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1346 | [[:d:Q1571102|Q1571102]] | [[Grammogale]] | Grammogale | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1347 | [[:d:Q20907620|Q20907620]] | [[Halichoerus grypus macrorhynchus]] | Halichoerus grypus macrorhynchus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Halichoerus grypus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1348 | [[:d:Q20907621|Q20907621]] | [[Phoca vitulina vitulina]] | Phoca vitulina vitulina | 3 | | [[File:Common Seal Phoca vitulina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca vitulina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1349 | [[:d:Q20907622|Q20907622]] | [[Phoca vitulina concolor]] | Phoca vitulina concolor | 3 | | [[File:Harbor seal in Holyoke, MA. Connecticut River. 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca vitulina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1350 | [[:d:Q20907624|Q20907624]] | [[Phoca vitulina richardii]] | Phoca vitulina richardii | 3 | | [[File:Phoca vitulina richardii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca vitulina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1351 | [[:d:Q5575498|Q5575498]] | [[Gobicyon]] | Gobicyon | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1352 | [[:d:Q11840392|Q11840392]] | [[Dologale]] | Dologale | 3 | | | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Mungosinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1353 | [[:d:Q21368149|Q21368149]] | [[Asilifelis]] | Asilifelis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1354 | [[:d:Q21368361|Q21368361]] | [[Diamantofelis]] | Diamantofelis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1355 | [[:d:Q21368812|Q21368812]] | [[Namafelis]] | Namafelis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1356 | [[:d:Q110967286|Q110967286]] | [[Katifelis]] | Katifelis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1357 | [[:d:Q117815835|Q117815835]] | [[Vinayakia]] | Vinayakia | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1358 | [[:d:Q5782651|Q5782651]] | [[Conepatus chinga chinga]] | Conepatus chinga chinga | 3 | | [[File:Chingue (Conepatus chinga) Inao Vásquez 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus chinga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1359 | [[:d:Q5782653|Q5782653]] | [[Conepatus chinga rex]] | Conepatus chinga rex | 3 | | [[File:Conepatus chinga rex (8392210869).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus chinga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1360 | [[:d:Q20907246|Q20907246]] | [[Genetta genetta felina]] | Genetta genetta felina | 3 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1361 | [[:d:Q20907613|Q20907613]] | [[Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus]] | Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus | 3 | | [[File:Arctocephalus pusillus 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus pusillus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1362 | [[:d:Q20907614|Q20907614]] | [[Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus]] | Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus pusillus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1363 | [[:d:Q20907920|Q20907920]] | [[Conepatus chinga suffocans]] | Conepatus chinga suffocans | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus chinga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1364 | [[:d:Q20907943|Q20907943]] | [[Mephitis mephitis hudsonica]] | Mephitis mephitis hudsonica | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1365 | [[:d:Q20907945|Q20907945]] | [[Mephitis mephitis mesomelas]] | Mephitis mephitis mesomelas | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1366 | [[:d:Q20907946|Q20907946]] | [[Mephitis mephitis nigra]] | Mephitis mephitis nigra | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1367 | [[:d:Q20907970|Q20907970]] | [[Spilogale putorius interrupta]] | Spilogale putorius interrupta | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1368 | [[:d:Q13563535|Q13563535]] | [[Namaqua slender mongoose]] | Galerella sanguinea swalius | 3 | | [[File:2009-slender-mongoose.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1369 | [[:d:Q20907922|Q20907922]] | [[Conepatus humboldtii castaneus]] | Conepatus humboldtii castaneus | 3 | | [[File:Conepatus humboldtii 1847.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus humboldtii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1370 | [[:d:Q12116479|Q12116479]] | [[Potosinae]] | Potosinae | 3 | | [[File:Olinguito ZooKeys 324, solo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1371 | [[:d:Q20907625|Q20907625]] | [[Pusa hispida hispida]] | Pusa hispida hispida | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca hispida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1372 | [[:d:Q16987383|Q16987383]] | [[Paradoxurus montanus]] | Paradoxurus montanus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1373 | [[:d:Q20907925|Q20907925]] | [[Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus]] | Conepatus leuconotus leuconotus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus leuconotus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1374 | [[:d:Q135249380|Q135249380]] | [[Ictonyx harrisoni]] | Ictonyx harrisoni | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1375 | [[:d:Q20907962|Q20907962]] | [[Spilogale gracilis amphialus]] | Spilogale gracilis amphialus | 3 | | [[File:Spilogale gracilis amphiala.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1376 | [[:d:Q92891178|Q92891178]] | [[Enhydra macrodonta]] | Enhydra macrodonta | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enhydra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1377 | [[:d:Q107994795|Q107994795]] | [[Cretan otter]] | Lutrogale cretensis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1378 | [[:d:Q108422524|Q108422524]] | [[Callorhinus gilmorei]] | Callorhinus gilmorei | 3 | | [[File:Callorhinus gilmorei.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Callorhinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1379 | [[:d:Q3497608|Q3497608]] | [[Chamitataxus avitus]] | Chamitataxus avitus | 3 | | [[File:Chamitataxus BW.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Chamitataxus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1380 | [[:d:Q108422505|Q108422505]] | [[Mellivora sivalensis]] | Mellivora sivalensis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mellivora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1381 | [[:d:Q9047364|Q9047364]] | [[Mustela putorius anglia]] | Mustela putorius anglia | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1382 | [[:d:Q9047369|Q9047369]] | [[Mustela putorius mosquensis]] | Mustela putorius mosquensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1383 | [[:d:Q12185005|Q12185005]] | [[Mustela putorius rothschildi]] | Mustela putorius rothschildi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1384 | [[:d:Q20907870|Q20907870]] | [[Mustela putorius putorius]] | Mustela putorius putorius | 3 | | [[File:Ilder.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1385 | [[:d:Q30693567|Q30693567]] | [[Pachyphoca]] | Pachyphoca | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cystophorini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1386 | [[:d:Q121348857|Q121348857]] | [[Paludocyon]] | Paludocyon | 3 | | [[File:Paludocyon moyasolai skull - Morales et al 2026.webp|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1387 | [[:d:Q125749307|Q125749307]] | [[Neogale frenata]] | Neogale frenata | 3 | | [[File:Mustela frenata new.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1388 | [[:d:Q2857972|Q2857972]] | [[Aonyx capensis hindei]] | Aonyx capensis hindei | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1389 | [[:d:Q2857973|Q2857973]] | [[Aonyx capensis meneleki]] | Aonyx capensis meneleki | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1390 | [[:d:Q11908163|Q11908163]] | [[Barbourofelis fricki]] | Barbourofelis fricki | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1391 | [[:d:Q16595094|Q16595094]] | [[Lycalopex ensenadensis]] | Lycalopex ensenadensis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1392 | [[:d:Q20907635|Q20907635]] | [[Enhydra lutris nereis]] | Enhydra lutris nereis | 3 | | [[File:California Sea Otters - Enhydra lutris nereis, Elkhorn Slough, Moss Landing, California.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Enhydra lutris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1393 | [[:d:Q20907655|Q20907655]] | [[Lutra lutra meridionalis]] | Lutra lutra meridionalis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1394 | [[:d:Q28432836|Q28432836]] | [[Felini]] | Felini | 3 | | [[File:Bengalkatze.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1395 | [[:d:Q121339769|Q121339769]] | [[Vishnufelis]] | Vishnufelis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1396 | [[:d:Q869465|Q869465]] | [[Nasua nelsoni]] | Nasua nelsoni | 3 | | [[File:Cozumel Island Coati .jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1397 | [[:d:Q920221|Q920221]] | [[Martes americana caurina]] | Martes americana caurina | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1398 | [[:d:Q9029559|Q9029559]] | [[Martes americana abietinoides]] | Martes americana abietinoides | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1399 | [[:d:Q118469371|Q118469371]] | [[Sivasmilus]] | Sivasmilus | 3 | | [[File:Sivasmilus holotype Pilgrim1915.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1400 | [[:d:Q4064599|Q4064599]] | [[Mustela eversmanii amurensis]] | Mustela eversmanii amurensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1401 | [[:d:Q6840433|Q6840433]] | [[Microtomarctus]] | Microtomarctus | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1402 | [[:d:Q7105820|Q7105820]] | [[Osbornodon iamonensis]] | Osbornodon iamonensis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Osbornodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1403 | [[:d:Q7134499|Q7134499]] | [[Paraenhydrocyon]] | Paraenhydrocyon | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hesperocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1404 | [[:d:Q11318742|Q11318742]] | [[Martes melampus tsuensis]] | Martes melampus tsuensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes melampus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1405 | [[:d:Q11338316|Q11338316]] | [[Martes melampus melampus]] | Martes melampus melampus | 3 | | [[File:Japanese Marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes melampus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1406 | [[:d:Q3853467|Q3853467]] | [[Mececyon trinilensis]] | Mececyon trinilensis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mececyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1407 | [[:d:Q3853916|Q3853916]] | [[Megacyon merriami]] | Megacyon merriami | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Megacyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1408 | [[:d:Q5378828|Q5378828]] | [[Enhydritherium terraenovae]] | Enhydritherium terraenovae | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enhydritherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1409 | [[:d:Q60741848|Q60741848]] | [[Enhydriodon dikikae]] | Enhydriodon dikikae | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enhydriodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1410 | [[:d:Q65141617|Q65141617]] | [[Actiocyon]] | Actiocyon | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Simocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1411 | [[:d:Q20908036|Q20908036]] | [[Procyon lotor hernandezii]] | Procyon lotor hernandezii | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1412 | [[:d:Q20908051|Q20908051]] | [[Ailurus fulgens fulgens]] | Ailurus fulgens fulgens | 3 | | [[File:RedPanda SingalilaNationalPark DFrame.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailurus fulgens]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1413 | [[:d:Q131304188|Q131304188]] | [[Prionailurus kurteni]] | Prionailurus kurteni | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1414 | [[:d:Q20907580|Q20907580]] | [[Vulpes corsac corsac]] | Vulpes corsac corsac | 3 | | [[File:Vulpes corsac corsac 409278970.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes corsac]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1415 | [[:d:Q20907582|Q20907582]] | [[Vulpes corsac kalmykorum]] | Vulpes corsac kalmykorum | 3 | | [[File:Vulpes corsac 127174928.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes corsac]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1416 | [[:d:Q16590238|Q16590238]] | [[Leopardus vorohuensis]] | Leopardus vorohuensis | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1417 | [[:d:Q118612748|Q118612748]] | [[Puma incurva]] | Puma incurva | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1418 | [[:d:Q2322950|Q2322950]] | [[Vulpes macrotis mutica]] | Vulpes macrotis mutica | 3 | | [[File:Vulpes macrotis mutica with pups.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes macrotis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1419 | [[:d:Q5985089|Q5985089]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus andinus]] | Lycalopex culpaeus andinus | 3 | | [[File:Culpeo MC.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1420 | [[:d:Q5985091|Q5985091]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus culpaeus]] | Lycalopex culpaeus culpaeus | 3 | | [[File:Lycalopex culpaeus culpaeus, Pseudalopex culpaeus culpaeus zorro culpeo (Chile central) 04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1421 | [[:d:Q5985093|Q5985093]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus lycoides]] | Lycalopex culpaeus lycoides | 3 | | [[File:Lycalopex culpaeus lycoides in Ushuaia, Argentina..jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1422 | [[:d:Q5985099|Q5985099]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus smithersi]] | Lycalopex culpaeus smithersi | 3 | | [[File:Keulemans Culpeo.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1423 | [[:d:Q7838042|Q7838042]] | [[Tremarctini]] | Tremarctini | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Tremarctinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1424 | [[:d:Q20907574|Q20907574]] | [[Urocyon littoralis littoralis]] | Urocyon littoralis littoralis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon littoralis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1425 | [[:d:Q20907575|Q20907575]] | [[Urocyon littoralis catalinae]] | Urocyon littoralis catalinae | 3 | | [[File:CatalinaIslandFox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon littoralis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1426 | [[:d:Q20907576|Q20907576]] | [[Urocyon littoralis clementae]] | Urocyon littoralis clementae | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon littoralis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1427 | [[:d:Q20907577|Q20907577]] | [[Urocyon littoralis dickeyi]] | Urocyon littoralis dickeyi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon littoralis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1428 | [[:d:Q20907579|Q20907579]] | [[Urocyon littoralis santarosae]] | Urocyon littoralis santarosae | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon littoralis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1429 | [[:d:Q23772769|Q23772769]] | [[Catopuma temminckii]] | Catopuma temminckii | 3 | | [[File:Asian Golden cat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Catopuma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1430 | [[:d:Q4287837|Q4287837]] | [[Alopex lagopus semenovi]] | Alopex lagopus semenovi | 3 | | [[File:ArcticFoxSummer.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Alopex lagopus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1431 | [[:d:Q8066568|Q8066568]] | [[Zaragocyon daamsi]] | Zaragocyon daamsi | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Zaragocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1432 | [[:d:Q21369112|Q21369112]] | [[Adelpharctos]] | Adelpharctos | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1433 | [[:d:Q23752930|Q23752930]] | [[Caracal aurata]] | Caracal aurata | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1434 | [[:d:Q106199641|Q106199641]] | [[Miomaci]] | Miomaci | 3 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Ailuropodinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1435 | [[:d:Q110448412|Q110448412]] | [[Aurorarctos]] | Aurorarctos | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1436 | [[:d:Q112147455|Q112147455]] | [[Taowu]] | Taowu | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1437 | [[:d:Q120024195|Q120024195]] | [[Huracan]] | Huracan | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuropodinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1438 | [[:d:Q16615644|Q16615644]] | [[Panthera tigris oxygnatha]] | Panthera tigris oxygnatha | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1439 | [[:d:Q22285672|Q22285672]] | [[Ethiopian lion]] | Panthera leo roosevelti | 3 | | [[File:Lion zoo Addis Ababa 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[leon]] | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1440 | [[:d:Q582960|Q582960]] | [[Leptailurus serval phillipsi]] | Leptailurus serval phillipsi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1441 | [[:d:Q966549|Q966549]] | [[Leptailurus serval kivuensis]] | Leptailurus serval kivuensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1442 | [[:d:Q5392035|Q5392035]] | [[Leptailurus serval pococki]] | Leptailurus serval pococki | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1443 | [[:d:Q5442082|Q5442082]] | [[Felis chaus furax]] | Felis chaus furax | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1444 | [[:d:Q5442083|Q5442083]] | [[Felis chaus kelaarti]] | Felis chaus kelaarti | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1445 | [[:d:Q5442084|Q5442084]] | [[Felis chaus maimanah]] | Felis chaus maimanah | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1446 | [[:d:Q5442085|Q5442085]] | [[Felis chaus oxiana]] | Felis chaus oxiana | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1447 | [[:d:Q5477080|Q5477080]] | [[Leptailurus serval lonnbergi]] | Leptailurus serval lonnbergi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1448 | [[:d:Q9021703|Q9021703]] | [[Leptailurus serval beirae]] | Leptailurus serval beirae | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1449 | [[:d:Q9021710|Q9021710]] | [[Leptailurus serval faradjius]] | Leptailurus serval faradjius | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1450 | [[:d:Q9021712|Q9021712]] | [[Leptailurus serval ferrarii]] | Leptailurus serval ferrarii | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1451 | [[:d:Q9021713|Q9021713]] | [[Leptailurus serval hamiltoni]] | Leptailurus serval hamiltoni | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1452 | [[:d:Q9021716|Q9021716]] | [[Leptailurus serval hindei]] | Leptailurus serval hindei | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1453 | [[:d:Q9021724|Q9021724]] | [[Leptailurus serval pantastictus]] | Leptailurus serval pantastictus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1454 | [[:d:Q9021728|Q9021728]] | [[Leptailurus serval robertsi]] | Leptailurus serval robertsi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1455 | [[:d:Q9021732|Q9021732]] | [[Leptailurus serval togoensis]] | Leptailurus serval togoensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1456 | [[:d:Q11688829|Q11688829]] | [[Leptailurus serval brachyurus]] | Leptailurus serval brachyurus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1457 | [[:d:Q11688832|Q11688832]] | [[Leptailurus serval kempi]] | Leptailurus serval kempi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1458 | [[:d:Q11688834|Q11688834]] | [[Leptailurus serval mababiensis]] | Leptailurus serval mababiensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Serval|Leptailurus serval]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1459 | [[:d:Q20907115|Q20907115]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis | 3 | | [[File:Prionailurus bengalensis bengalensis 2-Découpe.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1460 | [[:d:Q20907141|Q20907141]] | [[Neofelis nebulosa macrosceloides]] | Neofelis nebulosa macrosceloides | 3 | | [[File:Neofelis nebulosa macrosceloides.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis nebulosa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1461 | [[:d:Q5985179|Q5985179]] | [[Lynx rufus gigas]] | Lynx rufus gigas | 3 | | [[File:Bobcat2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1462 | [[:d:Q8961149|Q8961149]] | [[Felis silvestris griselda]] | Felis silvestris griselda | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1463 | [[:d:Q8961150|Q8961150]] | [[Felis silvestris haussa]] | Felis silvestris haussa | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1464 | [[:d:Q8961152|Q8961152]] | [[Felis silvestris iraki]] | Felis silvestris iraki | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1465 | [[:d:Q8961153|Q8961153]] | [[Felis silvestris mellandi]] | Felis silvestris mellandi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1466 | [[:d:Q8961155|Q8961155]] | [[Felis silvestris nesterovi]] | Felis silvestris nesterovi | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1467 | [[:d:Q8961158|Q8961158]] | [[Felis silvestris tristrami]] | Felis silvestris tristrami | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1468 | [[:d:Q8961159|Q8961159]] | [[Felis silvestris rubida]] | Felis silvestris rubida | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1469 | [[:d:Q8961160|Q8961160]] | [[Felis silvestris ugandae]] | Felis silvestris ugandae | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1470 | [[:d:Q11681812|Q11681812]] | [[Felis silvestris chutuchta]] | Felis silvestris chutuchta | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1471 | [[:d:Q4006547|Q4006547]] | [[Ursus ladinicus]] | Ursus ladinicus | 3 | | [[File:Ursus ladinicus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1472 | [[:d:Q9367140|Q9367140]] | [[Ursus wenzensis]] | Ursus wenzensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1473 | [[:d:Q4043537|Q4043537]] | [[Machairodus aphanistus]] | Machairodus aphanistus | 3 | | [[File:Machairodus aphanistus female skull - Batallones fossil sites, Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1474 | [[:d:Q15695549|Q15695549]] | [[Nyctereutes tingi]] | Nyctereutes tingi | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1475 | [[:d:Q122936769|Q122936769]] | [[Stenailurus teilhardi]] | Stenailurus teilhardi | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Stenailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1476 | [[:d:Q5893608|Q5893608]] | [[Helarctos malayanus euryspilus]] | Helarctos malayanus euryspilus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helarctos malayanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1477 | [[:d:Q6741612|Q6741612]] | [[Borophagus parvus]] | Borophagus parvus | 3 | | [[File:Borophagus cyonoides 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1478 | [[:d:Q16975227|Q16975227]] | [[Borophagus diversidens]] | Borophagus diversidens | 3 | | [[File:Borophagus diversidens.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1479 | [[:d:Q16975237|Q16975237]] | [[Borophagus hilli]] | Borophagus hilli | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1480 | [[:d:Q16975242|Q16975242]] | [[Borophagus littoralis]] | Borophagus littoralis | 3 | | [[File:Borophagus littoralis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1481 | [[:d:Q16975253|Q16975253]] | [[Borophagus pugnator]] | Borophagus pugnator | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1482 | [[:d:Q16975257|Q16975257]] | [[Borophagus secundus]] | Borophagus secundus | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1483 | [[:d:Q20907551|Q20907551]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides ussuriensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1484 | [[:d:Q20907603|Q20907603]] | [[Melursus ursinus ursinus]] | Melursus ursinus ursinus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melursus ursinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1485 | [[:d:Q20907606|Q20907606]] | [[Ursus americanus machetes]] | Ursus americanus machetes | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1486 | [[:d:Q20907607|Q20907607]] | [[Ursus americanus perniger]] | Ursus americanus perniger | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus americanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1487 | [[:d:Q55693842|Q55693842]] | [[Canis lycaon]] | Canis lycaon | 3 | | [[File:Eastern wolf in Algonquin Provincial Park 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1488 | [[:d:Q120765693|Q120765693]] | [[Taowu liui]] | Taowu liui | 3 | | [[File:Taowu liui skull.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Taowu]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1489 | [[:d:Q128263021|Q128263021]] | [[North African wildcat]] | Felis lybica lybica | 3 | | [[File:Felis silvestris lybica 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage african]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1490 | [[:d:Q20907552|Q20907552]] | [[Otocyon megalotis megalotis]] | Otocyon megalotis megalotis | 3 | | [[File:187 Bat-eared fox in Otjozondjupa Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocyon megalotis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1491 | [[:d:Q110266161|Q110266161]] | [[Canis borjgali]] | Canis borjgali | 3 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1492 | [[:d:Q122840720|Q122840720]] | [[Nyctereutes viverrinus albus]] | Nyctereutes viverrinus albus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes viverrinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1493 | [[:d:Q20720126|Q20720126]] | [[Canis lupus variabilis]] | Canis mosbachensis variabilis | 3 | | [[File:Canis variabilis mandible.tif|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis mosbachensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1494 | [[:d:Q20907492|Q20907492]] | [[Canis aureus ecsedensis]] | Canis aureus ecsedensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1495 | [[:d:Q20907500|Q20907500]] | [[Canis latrans clepticus]] | Canis latrans clepticus | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1496 | [[:d:Q20907513|Q20907513]] | [[Canis latrans texensis]] | Canis latrans texensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1497 | [[:d:Q20907515|Q20907515]] | [[Canis latrans umpquensis]] | Canis latrans umpquensis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1498 | [[:d:Q20907516|Q20907516]] | [[Canis latrans vigilis]] | Canis latrans vigilis | 3 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1499 | [[:d:Q20907522|Q20907522]] | [[Canis mesomelas mesomelas]] | Canis mesomelas mesomelas | 3 | | [[File:L. m. mesomelas, Sunday's River Valley Local Municipality 1.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis mesomelas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1500 | [[:d:Q20907523|Q20907523]] | [[Canis mesomelas schmidti]] | Canis mesomelas schmidti | 3 | | [[File:Lupulella mesomelas schmidti Kenya 2020 1.jpg (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis mesomelas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1501 | [[:d:Q16993011|Q16993011]] | [[Teruelictis]] | Teruelictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1502 | [[:d:Q17465087|Q17465087]] | [[Prionodontidae]] | Prionodontidae | 2 | | [[File:Prionodon maculosus.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1503 | [[:d:Q21661407|Q21661407]] | [[Parataxidea]] | Parataxidea | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1504 | [[:d:Q28031449|Q28031449]] | [[Ekorus]] | Ekorus | 2 | | [[File:Ekorus and Viverra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]]<br/>[[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1505 | [[:d:Q33139904|Q33139904]] | [[Leptarctinae]] | Leptarctinae | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1506 | [[:d:Q59780239|Q59780239]] | [[Plesiogale]] | Plesiogale | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1507 | [[:d:Q61474546|Q61474546]] | [[Leptarctus]] | Leptarctus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1508 | [[:d:Q105658688|Q105658688]] | [[Zanclonychopus]] | Zanclonychopus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1509 | [[:d:Q108475852|Q108475852]] | [[Kawas]] | Kawas | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1510 | [[:d:Q110448466|Q110448466]] | [[Baranogale]] | Baranogale | 2 | | [[File:Baranogale helbingi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1511 | [[:d:Q112959022|Q112959022]] | [[Aragonictis]] | Aragonictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1512 | [[:d:Q121345006|Q121345006]] | [[Plionictis]] | Plionictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1513 | [[:d:Q123015011|Q123015011]] | [[Miophoca]] | Miophoca | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1514 | [[:d:Q123015038|Q123015038]] | [[Virginiaphoca]] | Virginiaphoca | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1515 | [[:d:Q123015074|Q123015074]] | [[Properiptychus]] | Properiptychus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1516 | [[:d:Q123015092|Q123015092]] | [[Messiphoca]] | Messiphoca | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1517 | [[:d:Q131160761|Q131160761]] | [[Hoplictis]] | Hoplictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1518 | [[:d:Q10811693|Q10811693]] | [[Rhynchogale]] | Rhynchogale | 2 | | [[File:Smit.m.rhinogale.melleri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1519 | [[:d:Q16983083|Q16983083]] | [[Herpestides]] | Herpestides | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1520 | [[:d:Q21446239|Q21446239]] | [[Barbourofelinae]] | Barbourofelinae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1521 | [[:d:Q28309613|Q28309613]] | [[Xenogale]] | Xenogale | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1522 | [[:d:Q85989669|Q85989669]] | [[Legetetia]] | Legetetia | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1523 | [[:d:Q85989765|Q85989765]] | [[Mioprionodon]] | Mioprionodon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1524 | [[:d:Q106918005|Q106918005]] | [[Dunictis]] | Dunictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1525 | [[:d:Q116761711|Q116761711]] | [[Allohyaena]] | Allohyaena | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1526 | [[:d:Q125902653|Q125902653]] | [[Buisnictis]] | Buisnictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1527 | [[:d:Q126888234|Q126888234]] | [[Mephitinae]] | Mephitinae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1528 | [[:d:Q136655510|Q136655510]] | [[Kichechia]] | Kichechia | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1529 | [[:d:Q136680096|Q136680096]] | [[Mungosinae]] | Mungosinae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1530 | [[:d:Q5663088|Q5663088]] | [[Harpagophagus]] | Harpagophagus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1531 | [[:d:Q7254211|Q7254211]] | [[Pseudamphicyon]] | Pseudamphicyon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1532 | [[:d:Q10334025|Q10334025]] | [[Mustelida]] | Mustelida | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1533 | [[:d:Q18001804|Q18001804]] | [[Neotherium]] | Neotherium | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1534 | [[:d:Q19758225|Q19758225]] | [[Trigonictis]] | Trigonictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1535 | [[:d:Q21344937|Q21344937]] | [[Arctomeles]] | Arctomeles | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1536 | [[:d:Q33147923|Q33147923]] | [[Thaumastocyoninae]] | Thaumastocyoninae | 2 | | [[File:Naturhistorisches Museum Mainz- (8)-Bärenhund-Agnotherium antiquum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1537 | [[:d:Q48465840|Q48465840]] | [[Kamtschatarctos]] | Kamtschatarctos | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1538 | [[:d:Q48528770|Q48528770]] | [[Semantor]] | Semantor | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]]<br/>[[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Semantoridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1539 | [[:d:Q85989695|Q85989695]] | [[Lophocyon]] | Lophocyon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lophocyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1540 | [[:d:Q119320064|Q119320064]] | [[Subparictis]] | Subparictis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Subparictidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1541 | [[:d:Q119332064|Q119332064]] | [[Eoarctos]] | Eoarctos | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Subparictidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1542 | [[:d:Q122216409|Q122216409]] | [[Lonchocyon]] | Lonchocyon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1543 | [[:d:Q123015160|Q123015160]] | [[Pacificotaria]] | Pacificotaria | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pinnipediformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1544 | [[:d:Q3757593|Q3757593]] | [[Galerella swalius]] | Galerella swalius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1545 | [[:d:Q21445893|Q21445893]] | [[Osbornictis]] | Osbornictis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1546 | [[:d:Q125459871|Q125459871]] | [[Genetta fieldiana]] | Genetta fieldiana | 2 | | [[File:Genetta fieldinana.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1547 | [[:d:Q135973229|Q135973229]] | [[Megencephalon]] | Megencephalon | 2 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1548 | [[:d:Q16988557|Q16988557]] | [[Prosansanosmilus peregrinus]] | Prosansanosmilus peregrinus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Prosansanosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1549 | [[:d:Q33176727|Q33176727]] | [[Monachini]] | Monachini | 2 | | [[File:Hawaiian monk seal at French Frigate Shoals 07.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1550 | [[:d:Q33177856|Q33177856]] | [[Miroungini]] | Miroungini | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1551 | [[:d:Q56328001|Q56328001]] | [[Melodon]] | Melodon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Melinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1552 | [[:d:Q85989383|Q85989383]] | [[Euboictis]] | Euboictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1553 | [[:d:Q131905160|Q131905160]] | [[Saketoteron]] | Saketoteron | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1554 | [[:d:Q135095196|Q135095196]] | [[Pachycynodon]] | Pachycynodon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicynodontidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1555 | [[:d:Q3999197|Q3999197]] | [[Trocharion albanense]] | Trocharion albanense | 2 | | [[File:Trocharion.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Trocharion]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1556 | [[:d:Q30893535|Q30893535]] | [[Protodobenus japonicus]] | Protodobenus japonicus | 2 | | [[File:Protodobenus japonicus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Protodobenus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1557 | [[:d:Q33176599|Q33176599]] | [[Phocini]] | Phocini | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1558 | [[:d:Q33177423|Q33177423]] | [[Cystophorini]] | Cystophorini | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1559 | [[:d:Q33177565|Q33177565]] | [[Erignathini]] | Erignathini | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1560 | [[:d:Q115382200|Q115382200]] | [[Ammitocyon]] | Ammitocyon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Thaumastocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1561 | [[:d:Q123015101|Q123015101]] | [[Devinophoca]] | Devinophoca | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Devinophocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1562 | [[:d:Q25436875|Q25436875]] | [[Kamtschatarctos sinelnikovae]] | Kamtschatarctos sinelnikovae | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Kamtschatarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1563 | [[:d:Q28936311|Q28936311]] | [[Eotaria citrica]] | Eotaria citrica | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Eotaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1564 | [[:d:Q108635403|Q108635403]] | [[Oriensarctos watasei]] | Oriensarctos watasei | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oriensarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1565 | [[:d:Q111034276|Q111034276]] | [[Oriensmilus liupanensis]] | Oriensmilus liupanensis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oriensmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1566 | [[:d:Q4499772|Q4499772]] | [[Polecat-mink hybrid]] | Mustela putorius × Mustela lutreola | 2 | | | [[hybrid taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1567 | [[:d:Q20907623|Q20907623]] | [[Phoca vitulina mellonae]] | Phoca vitulina mellonae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca vitulina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1568 | [[:d:Q24694602|Q24694602]] | [[Martes]] | Martes | 2 | | [[File:American Marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1569 | [[:d:Q27898163|Q27898163]] | [[Kolonokus]] | Kolonokus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1570 | [[:d:Q27898177|Q27898177]] | [[Mustela]] | Mustela | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1571 | [[:d:Q59420993|Q59420993]] | [[Halichoerus grypus atlantica]] | Halichoerus grypus atlantica | 2 | | [[File:Grey Seals, Rathlin Island.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Halichoerus grypus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1572 | [[:d:Q104841186|Q104841186]] | [[Phoca vitulina mellonae]] | Phoca vitulina mellonae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca vitulina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1573 | [[:d:Q131451883|Q131451883]] | [[Martes crassidens]] | Martes crassidens | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1574 | [[:d:Q138664073|Q138664073]] | [[Charronia]] | Charronia | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1575 | [[:d:Q223410|Q223410]] | [[Alopex]] | Alopex | 2 | | [[File:Eisfuchscele4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1576 | [[:d:Q6992706|Q6992706]] | [[Neocynodesmus]] | Neocynodesmus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1577 | [[:d:Q16963604|Q16963604]] | [[Metalopex]] | Metalopex | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1578 | [[:d:Q21368804|Q21368804]] | [[Mececyon]] | Mececyon | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1579 | [[:d:Q21368805|Q21368805]] | [[Megacyon]] | Megacyon | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1580 | [[:d:Q21445604|Q21445604]] | [[Acinonychinae]] | Acinonychinae | 2 | | [[File:Cheetah.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1581 | [[:d:Q55374881|Q55374881]] | [[Protemnocyon]] | Protemnocyon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1582 | [[:d:Q85989052|Q85989052]] | [[Aeluropsis]] | Aeluropsis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1583 | [[:d:Q20907243|Q20907243]] | [[Genetta genetta genetta]] | Genetta genetta genetta | 2 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1584 | [[:d:Q20907915|Q20907915]] | [[Conepatus chinga budini]] | Conepatus chinga budini | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus chinga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1585 | [[:d:Q20907916|Q20907916]] | [[Conepatus chinga gibsoni]] | Conepatus chinga gibsoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus chinga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1586 | [[:d:Q20907917|Q20907917]] | [[Conepatus chinga inca]] | Conepatus chinga inca | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus chinga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1587 | [[:d:Q20907918|Q20907918]] | [[Conepatus chinga mendosus]] | Conepatus chinga mendosus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus chinga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1588 | [[:d:Q20907938|Q20907938]] | [[Mephitis mephitis mephitis]] | Mephitis mephitis mephitis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1589 | [[:d:Q20907939|Q20907939]] | [[Mephitis mephitis avia]] | Mephitis mephitis avia | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1590 | [[:d:Q20907940|Q20907940]] | [[Mephitis mephitis elongata]] | Mephitis mephitis elongata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1591 | [[:d:Q20907941|Q20907941]] | [[Mephitis mephitis estor]] | Mephitis mephitis estor | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1592 | [[:d:Q20907942|Q20907942]] | [[Mephitis mephitis holzneri]] | Mephitis mephitis holzneri | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1593 | [[:d:Q20907944|Q20907944]] | [[Mephitis mephitis major]] | Mephitis mephitis major | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1594 | [[:d:Q20907947|Q20907947]] | [[Mephitis mephitis notata]] | Mephitis mephitis notata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1595 | [[:d:Q20907948|Q20907948]] | [[Mephitis mephitis occidentalis]] | Mephitis mephitis occidentalis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1596 | [[:d:Q20907949|Q20907949]] | [[Mephitis mephitis spissigrada]] | Mephitis mephitis spissigrada | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1597 | [[:d:Q20907950|Q20907950]] | [[Mephitis mephitis varians]] | Mephitis mephitis varians | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis mephitis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1598 | [[:d:Q20907968|Q20907968]] | [[Spilogale putorius putorius]] | Spilogale putorius putorius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1599 | [[:d:Q20907969|Q20907969]] | [[Spilogale putorius ambarvalis]] | Spilogale putorius ambarvalis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1600 | [[:d:Q41084394|Q41084394]] | [[Lutra simplicidens]] | Lutra simplicidens | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1601 | [[:d:Q107987062|Q107987062]] | [[Lutra castiglionis]] | Lutra castiglionis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1602 | [[:d:Q124036891|Q124036891]] | [[Lutra franconica]] | Lutra franconica | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1603 | [[:d:Q138589737|Q138589737]] | [[Lutrogale]] | Lutrogale | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1604 | [[:d:Q20907321|Q20907321]] | [[Cynictis penicillata bradfieldi]] | Cynictis penicillata bradfieldi | 2 | | [[File:082 Yellow mongoose in Khomas Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1605 | [[:d:Q20907921|Q20907921]] | [[Conepatus humboldtii humboldtii]] | Conepatus humboldtii humboldtii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus humboldtii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1606 | [[:d:Q20907924|Q20907924]] | [[Conepatus humboldtii proteus]] | Conepatus humboldtii proteus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus humboldtii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1607 | [[:d:Q20907928|Q20907928]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus semistriatus]] | Conepatus semistriatus semistriatus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1608 | [[:d:Q20907930|Q20907930]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus taxinus]] | Conepatus semistriatus taxinus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1609 | [[:d:Q20907931|Q20907931]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus trichurus]] | Conepatus semistriatus trichurus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1610 | [[:d:Q20907932|Q20907932]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus yucatanicus]] | Conepatus semistriatus yucatanicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1611 | [[:d:Q20907933|Q20907933]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus zorrino]] | Conepatus semistriatus zorrino | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1612 | [[:d:Q20907951|Q20907951]] | [[Mydaus javanensis javanensis]] | Mydaus javanensis javanensis | 2 | | [[File:Zoological researches in Java, and the neighbouring islands BHL47293032.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mydaus javanensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1613 | [[:d:Q20907952|Q20907952]] | [[Mydaus javanensis lucifer]] | Mydaus javanensis lucifer | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mydaus javanensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1614 | [[:d:Q20907953|Q20907953]] | [[Mydaus javanensis ollula]] | Mydaus javanensis ollula | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mydaus javanensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1615 | [[:d:Q17620514|Q17620514]] | [[Amphicyon ingens]] | Amphicyon ingens | 2 | | [[File:Amphicyon ingens White Background.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1616 | [[:d:Q20907615|Q20907615]] | [[Odobenus rosmarus laptevi]] | Odobenus rosmarus laptevi | 2 | | [[File:RR5109-0037R Лаптевский морж.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Morsa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1617 | [[:d:Q20907616|Q20907616]] | [[Erignathus barbatus barbatus]] | Erignathus barbatus barbatus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Erignathus barbatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1618 | [[:d:Q20907618|Q20907618]] | [[Erignathus barbatus nautica]] | Erignathus barbatus nautica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Erignathus barbatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1619 | [[:d:Q20907626|Q20907626]] | [[Pusa hispida ochotensis]] | Pusa hispida ochotensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca hispida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1620 | [[:d:Q20907971|Q20907971]] | [[Spilogale pygmaea pygmaea]] | Spilogale pygmaea pygmaea | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale pygmaea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1621 | [[:d:Q20907972|Q20907972]] | [[Spilogale pygmaea australis]] | Spilogale pygmaea australis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale pygmaea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1622 | [[:d:Q20907973|Q20907973]] | [[Spilogale pygmaea intermedia]] | Spilogale pygmaea intermedia | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale pygmaea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1623 | [[:d:Q63525119|Q63525119]] | [[Crocuta crocuta ultima]] | Crocuta crocuta ultima | 2 | | [[File:最后的鬣狗 大庆.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Crocuta crocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1624 | [[:d:Q138497596|Q138497596]] | [[Pocockictis]] | Pocockictis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1625 | [[:d:Q14136913|Q14136913]] | [[Pogonodon pseudocanaricus]] | Pogonodon pseudocanaricus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pogonodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1626 | [[:d:Q20907926|Q20907926]] | [[Conepatus leuconotus figginsi]] | Conepatus leuconotus figginsi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus leuconotus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1627 | [[:d:Q20907927|Q20907927]] | [[Conepatus leuconotus telmalestes]] | Conepatus leuconotus telmalestes | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus leuconotus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1628 | [[:d:Q6009542|Q6009542]] | [[Meles iberica]] | Meles iberica | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1629 | [[:d:Q20907934|Q20907934]] | [[Mephitis macroura macroura]] | Mephitis macroura macroura | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis macroura]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1630 | [[:d:Q20907935|Q20907935]] | [[Mephitis macroura eximius]] | Mephitis macroura eximius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis macroura]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1631 | [[:d:Q20907936|Q20907936]] | [[Mephitis macroura milleri]] | Mephitis macroura milleri | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis macroura]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1632 | [[:d:Q20907937|Q20907937]] | [[Mephitis macroura richardsoni]] | Mephitis macroura richardsoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitis macroura]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1633 | [[:d:Q20907954|Q20907954]] | [[Spilogale angustifrons angustifrons]] | Spilogale angustifrons angustifrons | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale angustifrons]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1634 | [[:d:Q20907955|Q20907955]] | [[Spilogale angustifrons celeris]] | Spilogale angustifrons celeris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale angustifrons]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1635 | [[:d:Q20907956|Q20907956]] | [[Spilogale angustifrons elata]] | Spilogale angustifrons elata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale angustifrons]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1636 | [[:d:Q20907957|Q20907957]] | [[Spilogale angustifrons tropicalis]] | Spilogale angustifrons tropicalis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale angustifrons]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1637 | [[:d:Q20907958|Q20907958]] | [[Spilogale angustifrons yucatanensis]] | Spilogale angustifrons yucatanensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale angustifrons]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1638 | [[:d:Q20907960|Q20907960]] | [[Spilogale gracilis gracilis]] | Spilogale gracilis gracilis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1639 | [[:d:Q20907963|Q20907963]] | [[Spilogale gracilis latifrons]] | Spilogale gracilis latifrons | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1640 | [[:d:Q20907964|Q20907964]] | [[Spilogale gracilis leucoparia]] | Spilogale gracilis leucoparia | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1641 | [[:d:Q20907965|Q20907965]] | [[Spilogale gracilis lucasana]] | Spilogale gracilis lucasana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1642 | [[:d:Q20907966|Q20907966]] | [[Spilogale gracilis martirensis]] | Spilogale gracilis martirensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1643 | [[:d:Q20907967|Q20907967]] | [[Spilogale gracilis phenax]] | Spilogale gracilis phenax | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Spilogale gracilis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1644 | [[:d:Q135914448|Q135914448]] | [[Meles amurensis]] | Meles amurensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1645 | [[:d:Q6427869|Q6427869]] | [[Kolponomos clallamensis]] | Kolponomos clallamensis | 2 | | [[File:Kolponomos clallamensis mandible.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Kolponomos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1646 | [[:d:Q108872331|Q108872331]] | [[Allodesmus uraiporensis]] | Allodesmus uraiporensis | 2 | | [[File:Allodesmus uraiporensis — skull of holotype AMP 25 (Royal Society Open Science).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Allodesmus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1647 | [[:d:Q7271357|Q7271357]] | [[Quercylurus major]] | Quercylurus major | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Quercylurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1648 | [[:d:Q108422364|Q108422364]] | [[Civettictis braini]] | Civettictis braini | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Civettictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1649 | [[:d:Q124282736|Q124282736]] | [[Gulo sudorus]] | Gulo sudorus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Gulo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1650 | [[:d:Q125026543|Q125026543]] | [[Gulo minor]] | Gulo minor | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Gulo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1651 | [[:d:Q135942454|Q135942454]] | [[Mionictis]] | Mionictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1652 | [[:d:Q11691942|Q11691942]] | [[Meles meles canescens]] | Meles meles canescens | 2 | | [[File:MelesCanescens.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1653 | [[:d:Q20907801|Q20907801]] | [[Mustela erminea augustidens]] | Mustela erminea augustidens | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1654 | [[:d:Q20907871|Q20907871]] | [[Mustela putorius aureola]] | Mustela putorius aureola | 2 | | [[File:Mustelaputoriusaureola.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela putorius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1655 | [[:d:Q20907885|Q20907885]] | [[Neovison vison vison]] | Neovison vison vison | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1656 | [[:d:Q20907886|Q20907886]] | [[Neovison vison aestuarina]] | Neovison vison aestuarina | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1657 | [[:d:Q20907887|Q20907887]] | [[Neovison vison aniakensis]] | Neovison vison aniakensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1658 | [[:d:Q20907888|Q20907888]] | [[Neovison vison energumenos]] | Neovison vison energumenos | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1659 | [[:d:Q20907889|Q20907889]] | [[Neovison vison evagor]] | Neovison vison evagor | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1660 | [[:d:Q20907890|Q20907890]] | [[Neovison vison evergladensis]] | Neovison vison evergladensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1661 | [[:d:Q20907891|Q20907891]] | [[Neovison vison ingens]] | Neovison vison ingens | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1662 | [[:d:Q20907892|Q20907892]] | [[Neovison vison lacustris]] | Neovison vison lacustris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1663 | [[:d:Q20907893|Q20907893]] | [[Neovison vison letifera]] | Neovison vison letifera | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1664 | [[:d:Q20907894|Q20907894]] | [[Neovison vison lowii]] | Neovison vison lowii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1665 | [[:d:Q20907895|Q20907895]] | [[Neovison vison lutensis]] | Neovison vison lutensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1666 | [[:d:Q20907896|Q20907896]] | [[Neovison vison melampeplus]] | Neovison vison melampeplus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1667 | [[:d:Q20907897|Q20907897]] | [[Neovison vison mink]] | Neovison vison mink | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1668 | [[:d:Q20907898|Q20907898]] | [[Neovison vison nesolestes]] | Neovison vison nesolestes | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1669 | [[:d:Q20907899|Q20907899]] | [[Neovison vison vulgivaga]] | Neovison vison vulgivaga | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison vison]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1670 | [[:d:Q11694640|Q11694640]] | [[Mustela nivalis aistoodonnivalis]] | Mustela nivalis aistoodonnivalis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1671 | [[:d:Q20907861|Q20907861]] | [[Mustela nivalis caucasica]] | Mustela nivalis caucasica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1672 | [[:d:Q20907862|Q20907862]] | [[Mustela nivalis mosanensis]] | Mustela nivalis mosanensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1673 | [[:d:Q20907865|Q20907865]] | [[Mustela nivalis rossica]] | Mustela nivalis rossica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nivalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1674 | [[:d:Q109264590|Q109264590]] | [[Ammitocyon kainos]] | Ammitocyon kainos | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ammitocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1675 | [[:d:Q122759313|Q122759313]] | [[Urva javanica]] | Urva javanica | 2 | | [[File:Small asian mongoose.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1676 | [[:d:Q123014947|Q123014947]] | [[Proterozetes]] | Proterozetes | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Zalophini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1677 | [[:d:Q20907479|Q20907479]] | [[Suricata suricatta suricatta]] | Suricata suricatta suricatta | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Suricata suricatta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1678 | [[:d:Q20907628|Q20907628]] | [[Aonyx capensis microdon]] | Aonyx capensis microdon | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1679 | [[:d:Q20907629|Q20907629]] | [[Aonyx capensis philippsi]] | Aonyx capensis philippsi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1680 | [[:d:Q20907633|Q20907633]] | [[Enhydra lutris lutris]] | Enhydra lutris lutris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Enhydra lutris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1681 | [[:d:Q20907634|Q20907634]] | [[Enhydra lutris kenyoni]] | Enhydra lutris kenyoni | 2 | | [[File:Northern Sea Otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) - Flickr - Gregory "Slobirdr" Smith.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Enhydra lutris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1682 | [[:d:Q20907648|Q20907648]] | [[Lutra lutra lutra]] | Lutra lutra lutra | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1683 | [[:d:Q20907649|Q20907649]] | [[Lutra lutra angustifrons]] | Lutra lutra angustifrons | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1684 | [[:d:Q20907650|Q20907650]] | [[Lutra lutra aurobrunneus]] | Lutra lutra aurobrunneus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1685 | [[:d:Q20907651|Q20907651]] | [[Lutra lutra barang]] | Lutra lutra barang | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1686 | [[:d:Q20907652|Q20907652]] | [[Lutra lutra chinensis]] | Lutra lutra chinensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1687 | [[:d:Q20907653|Q20907653]] | [[Lutra lutra hainana]] | Lutra lutra hainana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1688 | [[:d:Q20907654|Q20907654]] | [[Lutra lutra kutab]] | Lutra lutra kutab | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1689 | [[:d:Q20907656|Q20907656]] | [[Lutra lutra monticolus]] | Lutra lutra monticolus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1690 | [[:d:Q20907657|Q20907657]] | [[Lutra lutra nair]] | Lutra lutra nair | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1691 | [[:d:Q20907662|Q20907662]] | [[Pteronura brasiliensis brasiliensis]] | Pteronura brasiliensis brasiliensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteronura brasiliensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1692 | [[:d:Q20907663|Q20907663]] | [[Pteronura brasiliensis paraguensis]] | Pteronura brasiliensis paraguensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteronura brasiliensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1693 | [[:d:Q20907698|Q20907698]] | [[Ictonyx libyca libyca]] | Ictonyx libyca libyca | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx libyca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1694 | [[:d:Q20907700|Q20907700]] | [[Ictonyx libyca multivittata]] | Ictonyx libyca multivittata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx libyca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1695 | [[:d:Q20907703|Q20907703]] | [[Ictonyx libyca oralis]] | Ictonyx libyca oralis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx libyca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1696 | [[:d:Q20907705|Q20907705]] | [[Ictonyx libyca rothschildi]] | Ictonyx libyca rothschildi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx libyca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1697 | [[:d:Q20907857|Q20907857]] | [[Mustela kathiah kathiah]] | Mustela kathiah kathiah | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela kathiah]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1698 | [[:d:Q20907858|Q20907858]] | [[Mustela kathiah caporiaccoi]] | Mustela kathiah caporiaccoi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela kathiah]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1699 | [[:d:Q20907910|Q20907910]] | [[Vormela peregusna peregusna]] | Vormela peregusna peregusna | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela peregusna]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1700 | [[:d:Q20907911|Q20907911]] | [[Vormela peregusna koshewnikowi]] | Vormela peregusna koshewnikowi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela peregusna]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1701 | [[:d:Q20907912|Q20907912]] | [[Vormela peregusna negans]] | Vormela peregusna negans | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela peregusna]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1702 | [[:d:Q20907913|Q20907913]] | [[Vormela peregusna pallidior]] | Vormela peregusna pallidior | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela peregusna]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1703 | [[:d:Q20907914|Q20907914]] | [[Vormela peregusna syriaca]] | Vormela peregusna syriaca | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela peregusna]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1704 | [[:d:Q27450850|Q27450850]] | [[Herpailurus]] | Herpailurus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1705 | [[:d:Q9029580|Q9029580]] | [[Martes flavigula aterrima]] | Martes flavigula aterrima | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes flavigula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1706 | [[:d:Q20907770|Q20907770]] | [[Mellivora capensis capensis]] | Mellivora capensis capensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1707 | [[:d:Q20907771|Q20907771]] | [[Mellivora capensis abyssinica]] | Mellivora capensis abyssinica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1708 | [[:d:Q20907772|Q20907772]] | [[Mellivora capensis buechneri]] | Mellivora capensis buechneri | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1709 | [[:d:Q20907774|Q20907774]] | [[Mellivora capensis concisa]] | Mellivora capensis concisa | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1710 | [[:d:Q20907776|Q20907776]] | [[Mellivora capensis inaurita]] | Mellivora capensis inaurita | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1711 | [[:d:Q20907777|Q20907777]] | [[Mellivora capensis indica]] | Mellivora capensis indica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1712 | [[:d:Q20907778|Q20907778]] | [[Mellivora capensis leuconota]] | Mellivora capensis leuconota | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1713 | [[:d:Q20907779|Q20907779]] | [[Mellivora capensis maxwelli]] | Mellivora capensis maxwelli | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1714 | [[:d:Q20907780|Q20907780]] | [[Mellivora capensis pumilio]] | Mellivora capensis pumilio | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1715 | [[:d:Q20907781|Q20907781]] | [[Mellivora capensis signata]] | Mellivora capensis signata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1716 | [[:d:Q20907782|Q20907782]] | [[Mellivora capensis wilsoni]] | Mellivora capensis wilsoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora capensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1717 | [[:d:Q21349881|Q21349881]] | [[Vulpes hassani]] | Vulpes hassani | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1718 | [[:d:Q121910826|Q121910826]] | [[Vulpes alopecoides]] | Vulpes alopecoides | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1719 | [[:d:Q126858050|Q126858050]] | [[Vulpes mathisoni]] | Vulpes mathisoni | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1720 | [[:d:Q20907630|Q20907630]] | [[Aonyx cinerea cinerea]] | Aonyx cinerea cinerea | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx cinerea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1721 | [[:d:Q20907631|Q20907631]] | [[Aonyx cinerea concolor]] | Aonyx cinerea concolor | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx cinerea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1722 | [[:d:Q20907632|Q20907632]] | [[Aonyx cinerea nirnai]] | Aonyx cinerea nirnai | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx cinerea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1723 | [[:d:Q20907636|Q20907636]] | [[Lontra canadensis canadensis]] | Lontra canadensis canadensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1724 | [[:d:Q20907637|Q20907637]] | [[Lontra canadensis kodiacensis]] | Lontra canadensis kodiacensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1725 | [[:d:Q20907638|Q20907638]] | [[Lontra canadensis lataxina]] | Lontra canadensis lataxina | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1726 | [[:d:Q20907639|Q20907639]] | [[Lontra canadensis mira]] | Lontra canadensis mira | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1727 | [[:d:Q20907640|Q20907640]] | [[Lontra canadensis pacifica]] | Lontra canadensis pacifica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1728 | [[:d:Q20907641|Q20907641]] | [[Lontra canadensis periclyzomae]] | Lontra canadensis periclyzomae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1729 | [[:d:Q20907643|Q20907643]] | [[Lontra canadensis sonora]] | Lontra canadensis sonora | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1730 | [[:d:Q20907671|Q20907671]] | [[Eira barbara barbara]] | Eira barbara barbara | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1731 | [[:d:Q20907672|Q20907672]] | [[Eira barbara biologiae]] | Eira barbara biologiae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1732 | [[:d:Q20907673|Q20907673]] | [[Eira barbara inserta]] | Eira barbara inserta | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1733 | [[:d:Q20907674|Q20907674]] | [[Eira barbara madeirensis]] | Eira barbara madeirensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1734 | [[:d:Q20907675|Q20907675]] | [[Eira barbara peruana]] | Eira barbara peruana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1735 | [[:d:Q20907676|Q20907676]] | [[Eira barbara poliocephala]] | Eira barbara poliocephala | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1736 | [[:d:Q20907677|Q20907677]] | [[Eira barbara senex]] | Eira barbara senex | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1737 | [[:d:Q20907678|Q20907678]] | [[Eira barbara senilis]] | Eira barbara senilis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1738 | [[:d:Q20907679|Q20907679]] | [[Eira barbara sinuensis]] | Eira barbara sinuensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eira barbara]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1739 | [[:d:Q20907681|Q20907681]] | [[Galictis cuja cuja]] | Galictis cuja cuja | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis cuja]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1740 | [[:d:Q20907683|Q20907683]] | [[Galictis cuja furax]] | Galictis cuja furax | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis cuja]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1741 | [[:d:Q20907685|Q20907685]] | [[Galictis cuja huronax]] | Galictis cuja huronax | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis cuja]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1742 | [[:d:Q20907687|Q20907687]] | [[Galictis cuja luteola]] | Galictis cuja luteola | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis cuja]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1743 | [[:d:Q20907689|Q20907689]] | [[Galictis vittata vittata]] | Galictis vittata vittata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis vittata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1744 | [[:d:Q20907691|Q20907691]] | [[Galictis vittata andina]] | Galictis vittata andina | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis vittata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1745 | [[:d:Q20907692|Q20907692]] | [[Galictis vittata brasiliensis]] | Galictis vittata brasiliensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis vittata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1746 | [[:d:Q20907694|Q20907694]] | [[Galictis vittata canaster]] | Galictis vittata canaster | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galictis vittata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1747 | [[:d:Q20907706|Q20907706]] | [[Ictonyx striatus striatus]] | Ictonyx striatus striatus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1748 | [[:d:Q20907708|Q20907708]] | [[Ictonyx striatus albescens]] | Ictonyx striatus albescens | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1749 | [[:d:Q20907710|Q20907710]] | [[Ictonyx striatus arenarius]] | Ictonyx striatus arenarius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1750 | [[:d:Q20907711|Q20907711]] | [[Ictonyx striatus elgonis]] | Ictonyx striatus elgonis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1751 | [[:d:Q20907713|Q20907713]] | [[Ictonyx striatus erythreae]] | Ictonyx striatus erythreae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1752 | [[:d:Q20907715|Q20907715]] | [[Ictonyx striatus ghansiensis]] | Ictonyx striatus ghansiensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1753 | [[:d:Q20907719|Q20907719]] | [[Ictonyx striatus giganteus]] | Ictonyx striatus giganteus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1754 | [[:d:Q20907721|Q20907721]] | [[Ictonyx striatus intermedius]] | Ictonyx striatus intermedius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1755 | [[:d:Q20907723|Q20907723]] | [[Ictonyx striatus kalaharicus]] | Ictonyx striatus kalaharicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1756 | [[:d:Q20907724|Q20907724]] | [[Ictonyx striatus lancasteri]] | Ictonyx striatus lancasteri | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1757 | [[:d:Q20907726|Q20907726]] | [[Ictonyx striatus limpopoensis]] | Ictonyx striatus limpopoensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1758 | [[:d:Q20907728|Q20907728]] | [[Ictonyx striatus maximus]] | Ictonyx striatus maximus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1759 | [[:d:Q20907730|Q20907730]] | [[Ictonyx striatus obscuratus]] | Ictonyx striatus obscuratus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1760 | [[:d:Q20907732|Q20907732]] | [[Ictonyx striatus orangiae]] | Ictonyx striatus orangiae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1761 | [[:d:Q20907734|Q20907734]] | [[Ictonyx striatus ovamboensis]] | Ictonyx striatus ovamboensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1762 | [[:d:Q20907736|Q20907736]] | [[Ictonyx striatus pretoriae]] | Ictonyx striatus pretoriae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1763 | [[:d:Q20907737|Q20907737]] | [[Ictonyx striatus senegalensis]] | Ictonyx striatus senegalensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1764 | [[:d:Q20907739|Q20907739]] | [[Ictonyx striatus shoae]] | Ictonyx striatus shoae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1765 | [[:d:Q20907741|Q20907741]] | [[Ictonyx striatus shortridgei]] | Ictonyx striatus shortridgei | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx striatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1766 | [[:d:Q20907783|Q20907783]] | [[Melogale moschata moschata]] | Melogale moschata moschata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale moschata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1767 | [[:d:Q20907873|Q20907873]] | [[Mustela sibirica sibirica]] | Mustela sibirica sibirica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1768 | [[:d:Q20907874|Q20907874]] | [[Mustela sibirica canigula]] | Mustela sibirica canigula | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1769 | [[:d:Q20907875|Q20907875]] | [[Mustela sibirica charbinensis]] | Mustela sibirica charbinensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1770 | [[:d:Q20907877|Q20907877]] | [[Mustela sibirica coreanus]] | Mustela sibirica coreana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1771 | [[:d:Q20907878|Q20907878]] | [[Mustela sibirica davidiana]] | Mustela sibirica davidiana | 2 | | [[File:Milne Edwards - Mustela sibirica davidiana.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1772 | [[:d:Q20907879|Q20907879]] | [[Mustela sibirica fontanierii]] | Mustela sibirica fontanierii | 2 | | [[File:Milne Edwards - Mustela sibirica fontanierii.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1773 | [[:d:Q20907880|Q20907880]] | [[Mustela sibirica hodgsoni]] | Mustela sibirica hodgsoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1774 | [[:d:Q20907881|Q20907881]] | [[Mustela sibirica manchurica]] | Mustela sibirica manchurica | 2 | | [[File:Mustela sibirica 230828854.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1775 | [[:d:Q20907882|Q20907882]] | [[Mustela sibirica moupinensis]] | Mustela sibirica moupinensis | 2 | | [[File:Milne Edwards - Mustela sibirica moupinensis.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1776 | [[:d:Q20907883|Q20907883]] | [[Mustela sibirica quelpartis]] | Mustela sibirica quelpartis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1777 | [[:d:Q20907884|Q20907884]] | [[Mustela sibirica subhemachalana]] | Mustela sibirica subhemachalana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela sibirica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1778 | [[:d:Q20907905|Q20907905]] | [[Taxidea taxus taxus]] | Taxidea taxus taxus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea taxus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1779 | [[:d:Q20907907|Q20907907]] | [[Taxidea taxus jacksoni]] | Taxidea taxus jacksoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea taxus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1780 | [[:d:Q20907908|Q20907908]] | [[Taxidea taxus jeffersonii]] | Taxidea taxus jeffersonii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea taxus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1781 | [[:d:Q20907909|Q20907909]] | [[Taxidea taxus marylandica]] | Taxidea taxus marylandica | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Taxidea taxus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1782 | [[:d:Q122095502|Q122095502]] | [[Palaeopanthera]] | Palaeopanthera | 2 | | [[File:Panthera blytheae NT.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1783 | [[:d:Q3786481|Q3786481]] | [[Homotheriini]] | Homotheriini | 2 | | [[File:Homotherium serum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodontinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1784 | [[:d:Q20907263|Q20907263]] | [[Viverra zibetha ashtoni]] | Viverra zibetha ashtoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra zibetha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1785 | [[:d:Q20907264|Q20907264]] | [[Viverra zibetha hainana]] | Viverra zibetha hainana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra zibetha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1786 | [[:d:Q20907266|Q20907266]] | [[Viverra zibetha picta]] | Viverra zibetha picta | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra zibetha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1787 | [[:d:Q20907267|Q20907267]] | [[Viverra zibetha pruinosus]] | Viverra zibetha pruinosus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra zibetha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1788 | [[:d:Q20907644|Q20907644]] | [[Lontra longicaudis longicaudis]] | Lontra longicaudis longicaudis | 2 | | [[File:Lontra longicaudis longicaudis 1847.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra longicaudis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1789 | [[:d:Q20907647|Q20907647]] | [[Lontra longicaudis enudris]] | Lontra longicaudis enudris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lontra longicaudis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1790 | [[:d:Q20907660|Q20907660]] | [[Lutrogale perspicillata perspicillata]] | Lutrogale perspicillata perspicillata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lutra de pelle lisie]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1791 | [[:d:Q20907661|Q20907661]] | [[Lutrogale perspicillata sindica]] | Lutrogale perspicillata sindica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lutra de pelle lisie]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1792 | [[:d:Q20907664|Q20907664]] | [[Arctonyx collaris collaris]] | Arctonyx collaris collaris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx collaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1793 | [[:d:Q20907665|Q20907665]] | [[Arctonyx collaris albogularis]] | Arctonyx collaris albogularis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx collaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1794 | [[:d:Q20907666|Q20907666]] | [[Arctonyx collaris consul]] | Arctonyx collaris consul | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx collaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1795 | [[:d:Q20907667|Q20907667]] | [[Arctonyx collaris dictator]] | Arctonyx collaris dictator | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx collaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1796 | [[:d:Q20907669|Q20907669]] | [[Arctonyx collaris hoevenii]] | Arctonyx collaris hoevenii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx collaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1797 | [[:d:Q20907670|Q20907670]] | [[Arctonyx collaris leucolaemus]] | Arctonyx collaris leucolaemus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctonyx collaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1798 | [[:d:Q20907793|Q20907793]] | [[Melogale personata personata]] | Melogale personata personata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale personata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1799 | [[:d:Q20907794|Q20907794]] | [[Melogale personata laotum]] | Melogale personata laotum | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale personata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1800 | [[:d:Q20907796|Q20907796]] | [[Melogale personata nipalensis]] | Melogale personata nipalensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale personata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1801 | [[:d:Q20907797|Q20907797]] | [[Melogale personata pierrei]] | Melogale personata pierrei | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale personata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1802 | [[:d:Q20907798|Q20907798]] | [[Melogale personata tonquinia]] | Melogale personata tonquinia | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale personata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1803 | [[:d:Q20907810|Q20907810]] | [[Mustela eversmanii michnoi]] | Mustela eversmanii michnoi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1804 | [[:d:Q20907811|Q20907811]] | [[Mustela eversmanii talassicus]] | Mustela eversmanii talassicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1805 | [[:d:Q20907900|Q20907900]] | [[Poecilogale albinucha albinucha]] | Poecilogale albinucha albinucha | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilogale albinucha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1806 | [[:d:Q20907901|Q20907901]] | [[Poecilogale albinucha bechuanae]] | Poecilogale albinucha bechuanae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilogale albinucha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1807 | [[:d:Q20907902|Q20907902]] | [[Poecilogale albinucha doggetti]] | Poecilogale albinucha doggetti | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilogale albinucha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1808 | [[:d:Q20907903|Q20907903]] | [[Poecilogale albinucha lebombo]] | Poecilogale albinucha lebombo | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilogale albinucha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1809 | [[:d:Q40521214|Q40521214]] | [[Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli]] | Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lutra de pelle lisie]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1810 | [[:d:Q9047225|Q9047225]] | [[Mustela altaica tsaidamensis]] | Mustela altaica tsaidamensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela altaica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1811 | [[:d:Q20907184|Q20907184]] | [[Paguma larvata taivana]] | Paguma larvata taivana | 2 | | [[File:Formosan Masked Palm Civet in Shoushan Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1812 | [[:d:Q20907186|Q20907186]] | [[Paguma larvata tytlerii]] | Paguma larvata tytlerii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1813 | [[:d:Q20907758|Q20907758]] | [[Martes pennanti pennanti]] | Martes pennanti pennanti | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes pennanti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1814 | [[:d:Q20907759|Q20907759]] | [[Martes pennanti columbiana]] | Martes pennanti columbiana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes pennanti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1815 | [[:d:Q20907760|Q20907760]] | [[Martes pennanti pacifica]] | Martes pennanti pacifica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes pennanti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1816 | [[:d:Q20907765|Q20907765]] | [[Meles leucurus leucurus]] | Meles leucurus leucurus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles leucurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1817 | [[:d:Q20907767|Q20907767]] | [[Meles leucurus arenarius]] | Meles leucurus arenarius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles leucurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1818 | [[:d:Q20907768|Q20907768]] | [[Meles leucurus sibiricus]] | Meles leucurus sibiricus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles leucurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1819 | [[:d:Q20907769|Q20907769]] | [[Meles leucurus tianschanensis]] | Meles leucurus tianschanensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles leucurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1820 | [[:d:Q20907784|Q20907784]] | [[Melogale moschata ferreogrisea]] | Melogale moschata ferreogrisea | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale moschata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1821 | [[:d:Q20907785|Q20907785]] | [[Melogale moschata hainanensis]] | Melogale moschata hainanensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale moschata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1822 | [[:d:Q20907786|Q20907786]] | [[Melogale moschata millsi]] | Melogale moschata millsi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale moschata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1823 | [[:d:Q20907788|Q20907788]] | [[Melogale moschata sorella]] | Melogale moschata sorella | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale moschata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1824 | [[:d:Q20907789|Q20907789]] | [[Melogale moschata subaurantiaca]] | Melogale moschata subaurantiaca | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale moschata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1825 | [[:d:Q20907790|Q20907790]] | [[Melogale moschata taxilla]] | Melogale moschata taxilla | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale moschata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1826 | [[:d:Q20907805|Q20907805]] | [[Mustela eversmanii eversmanii]] | Mustela eversmanii eversmanii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1827 | [[:d:Q20907806|Q20907806]] | [[Mustela eversmanii admirata]] | Mustela eversmanii admirata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1828 | [[:d:Q20907808|Q20907808]] | [[Mustela eversmanii hungarica]] | Mustela eversmanii hungarica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1829 | [[:d:Q20907809|Q20907809]] | [[Mustela eversmanii larvatus]] | Mustela eversmanii larvatus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1830 | [[:d:Q20907812|Q20907812]] | [[Mustela frenata frenata]] | Mustela frenata frenata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1831 | [[:d:Q20907814|Q20907814]] | [[Mustela frenata affinis]] | Mustela frenata affinis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1832 | [[:d:Q20907815|Q20907815]] | [[Mustela frenata agilis]] | Mustela frenata agilis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1833 | [[:d:Q20907816|Q20907816]] | [[Mustela frenata alleni]] | Mustela frenata alleni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1834 | [[:d:Q20907817|Q20907817]] | [[Mustela frenata altifrontalis]] | Mustela frenata altifrontalis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1835 | [[:d:Q20907818|Q20907818]] | [[Mustela frenata arizonensis]] | Mustela frenata arizonensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1836 | [[:d:Q20907819|Q20907819]] | [[Mustela frenata arthuri]] | Mustela frenata arthuri | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1837 | [[:d:Q20907820|Q20907820]] | [[Mustela frenata aureoventris]] | Mustela frenata aureoventris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1838 | [[:d:Q20907821|Q20907821]] | [[Mustela frenata boliviensis]] | Mustela frenata boliviensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1839 | [[:d:Q20907822|Q20907822]] | [[Mustela frenata costaricensis]] | Mustela frenata costaricensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1840 | [[:d:Q20907823|Q20907823]] | [[Mustela frenata effera]] | Mustela frenata effera | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1841 | [[:d:Q20907824|Q20907824]] | [[Mustela frenata goldmani]] | Mustela frenata goldmani | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1842 | [[:d:Q20907825|Q20907825]] | [[Mustela frenata gracilis]] | Mustela frenata gracilis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1843 | [[:d:Q20907826|Q20907826]] | [[Mustela frenata helleri]] | Mustela frenata helleri | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1844 | [[:d:Q20907827|Q20907827]] | [[Mustela frenata inyoensis]] | Mustela frenata inyoensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1845 | [[:d:Q20907828|Q20907828]] | [[Mustela frenata latirostra]] | Mustela frenata latirostra | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1846 | [[:d:Q20907829|Q20907829]] | [[Mustela frenata leucoparia]] | Mustela frenata leucoparia | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1847 | [[:d:Q20907830|Q20907830]] | [[Mustela frenata longicauda]] | Mustela frenata longicauda | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1848 | [[:d:Q20907831|Q20907831]] | [[Mustela frenata macrophonius]] | Mustela frenata macrophonius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1849 | [[:d:Q20907832|Q20907832]] | [[Mustela frenata munda]] | Mustela frenata munda | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1850 | [[:d:Q20907833|Q20907833]] | [[Mustela frenata neomexicanus]] | Mustela frenata neomexicanus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1851 | [[:d:Q20907834|Q20907834]] | [[Mustela frenata nevadensis]] | Mustela frenata nevadensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1852 | [[:d:Q20907836|Q20907836]] | [[Mustela frenata nigriauris]] | Mustela frenata nigriauris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1853 | [[:d:Q20907837|Q20907837]] | [[Mustela frenata notius]] | Mustela frenata notius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1854 | [[:d:Q20907838|Q20907838]] | [[Mustela frenata noveboracensis]] | Mustela frenata noveboracensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1855 | [[:d:Q20907839|Q20907839]] | [[Mustela frenata occisor]] | Mustela frenata occisor | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1856 | [[:d:Q20907840|Q20907840]] | [[Mustela frenata olivacea]] | Mustela frenata olivacea | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1857 | [[:d:Q20907841|Q20907841]] | [[Mustela frenata oregonensis]] | Mustela frenata oregonensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1858 | [[:d:Q20907842|Q20907842]] | [[Mustela frenata oribasus]] | Mustela frenata oribasus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1859 | [[:d:Q20907843|Q20907843]] | [[Mustela frenata panamensis]] | Mustela frenata panamensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1860 | [[:d:Q20907844|Q20907844]] | [[Mustela frenata peninsulae]] | Mustela frenata peninsulae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1861 | [[:d:Q20907845|Q20907845]] | [[Mustela frenata perda]] | Mustela frenata perda | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1862 | [[:d:Q20907846|Q20907846]] | [[Mustela frenata perotae]] | Mustela frenata perotae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1863 | [[:d:Q20907847|Q20907847]] | [[Mustela frenata primulina]] | Mustela frenata primulina | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1864 | [[:d:Q20907849|Q20907849]] | [[Mustela frenata pulchra]] | Mustela frenata pulchra | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1865 | [[:d:Q20907850|Q20907850]] | [[Mustela frenata saturata]] | Mustela frenata saturata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1866 | [[:d:Q20907851|Q20907851]] | [[Mustela frenata spadix]] | Mustela frenata spadix | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1867 | [[:d:Q20907852|Q20907852]] | [[Mustela frenata texensis]] | Mustela frenata texensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1868 | [[:d:Q20907854|Q20907854]] | [[Mustela frenata tropicalis]] | Mustela frenata tropicalis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1869 | [[:d:Q20907855|Q20907855]] | [[Mustela frenata washingtoni]] | Mustela frenata washingtoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1870 | [[:d:Q20907856|Q20907856]] | [[Mustela frenata xanthogenys]] | Mustela frenata xanthogenys | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1871 | [[:d:Q1815757|Q1815757]] | [[Archaeocyon falkenbachi]] | Archaeocyon falkenbachi | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Archaeocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1872 | [[:d:Q2194817|Q2194817]] | [[Archaeocyon leptodus]] | Archaeocyon leptodus | 2 | | [[File:Cormocyon leptodus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Archaeocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1873 | [[:d:Q2862449|Q2862449]] | [[Archaeocyon pavidus]] | Archaeocyon pavidus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Archaeocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1874 | [[:d:Q3015313|Q3015313]] | [[Simocyon batalleri]] | Simocyon batalleri | 2 | | [[File:Simocyon batalleri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Simocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1875 | [[:d:Q18578603|Q18578603]] | [[Cynotherium]] | Cynotherium | 2 | | [[File:Cynotherium.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Caninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1876 | [[:d:Q20907259|Q20907259]] | [[Viverra tangalunga tangalunga]] | Viverra tangalunga tangalunga | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra tangalunga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1877 | [[:d:Q20907260|Q20907260]] | [[Viverra tangalunga lankavensis]] | Viverra tangalunga lankavensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra tangalunga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1878 | [[:d:Q20907743|Q20907743]] | [[Lyncodon patagonicus patagonicus]] | Lyncodon patagonicus patagonicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lyncodon patagonicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1879 | [[:d:Q20907745|Q20907745]] | [[Lyncodon patagonicus thomasi]] | Lyncodon patagonicus thomasi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lyncodon patagonicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1880 | [[:d:Q20907756|Q20907756]] | [[Martes melampus coreensis]] | Martes melampus coreensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes melampus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1881 | [[:d:Q20907791|Q20907791]] | [[Melogale orientalis orientalis]] | Melogale orientalis orientalis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale orientalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1882 | [[:d:Q20907792|Q20907792]] | [[Melogale orientalis sundaicus]] | Melogale orientalis sundaicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melogale orientalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1883 | [[:d:Q20907799|Q20907799]] | [[Mustela africana africana]] | Mustela africana africana | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela africana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1884 | [[:d:Q20907868|Q20907868]] | [[Mustela nudipes nudipes]] | Mustela nudipes nudipes | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nudipes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1885 | [[:d:Q20907869|Q20907869]] | [[Mustela nudipes leucocephalus]] | Mustela nudipes leucocephalus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela nudipes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1886 | [[:d:Q20907904|Q20907904]] | [[Poecilogale albinucha transvaalensis]] | Poecilogale albinucha transvaalensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilogale albinucha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1887 | [[:d:Q110969473|Q110969473]] | [[Pratifelis martini]] | Pratifelis martini | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pratifelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1888 | [[:d:Q3625119|Q3625119]] | [[Asilifelis coteae]] | Asilifelis coteae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Asilifelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1889 | [[:d:Q3706712|Q3706712]] | [[Diamantofelis ferox]] | Diamantofelis ferox | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Diamantofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1890 | [[:d:Q3870029|Q3870029]] | [[Namafelis minor]] | Namafelis minor | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Namafelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1891 | [[:d:Q56326409|Q56326409]] | [[Katifelis nightingalei]] | Katifelis nightingalei | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Katifelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1892 | [[:d:Q56327289|Q56327289]] | [[Dromopanthera leiodon]] | Dromopanthera leiodon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Dromopanthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1893 | [[:d:Q107417536|Q107417536]] | [[Miopanthera lorteti]] | Miopanthera lorteti | 2 | | [[File:(MHNT) Miopanthera lorteti (Gaillard, 1899) - Hémimandibule gauche.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Miopanthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1894 | [[:d:Q111033557|Q111033557]] | [[Parailurus anglicus]] | Parailurus anglicus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Parailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1895 | [[:d:Q20907583|Q20907583]] | [[Vulpes lagopus lagopus]] | Vulpes lagopus lagopus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes lagopus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1896 | [[:d:Q20907584|Q20907584]] | [[Vulpes lagopus beringensis]] | Vulpes lagopus beringensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes lagopus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1897 | [[:d:Q20907585|Q20907585]] | [[Vulpes lagopus fuliginosus]] | Vulpes lagopus fuliginosus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes lagopus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1898 | [[:d:Q20907586|Q20907586]] | [[Vulpes lagopus pribilofensis]] | Vulpes lagopus pribilofensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes lagopus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1899 | [[:d:Q20908032|Q20908032]] | [[Procyon lotor elucus]] | Procyon lotor elucus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1900 | [[:d:Q20908052|Q20908052]] | [[Ailurus fulgens refulgens]] | Ailurus fulgens refulgens | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailurus fulgens]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1901 | [[:d:Q5160551|Q5160551]] | [[Congolese spotted lion]] | Panthera leo♂ × Panthera pardus × Panthera onca♀ | 2 | | | [[hybrid taxon]] | [[hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1902 | [[:d:Q10977278|Q10977278]] | [[lipard]] | Panthera leo × Panthera pardus | 2 | | | [[hybrid taxon]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1903 | [[:d:Q20907554|Q20907554]] | [[Speothos venaticus venaticus]] | Speothos venaticus venaticus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Speothos venaticus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1904 | [[:d:Q20907555|Q20907555]] | [[Speothos venaticus panamensis]] | Speothos venaticus panamensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Speothos venaticus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1905 | [[:d:Q20907556|Q20907556]] | [[Speothos venaticus wingei]] | Speothos venaticus wingei | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Speothos venaticus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1906 | [[:d:Q20907557|Q20907557]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus cinereoargenteus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1907 | [[:d:Q20907558|Q20907558]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus borealis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1908 | [[:d:Q20907559|Q20907559]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus californicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1909 | [[:d:Q20907560|Q20907560]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus costaricensis]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus costaricensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1910 | [[:d:Q20907561|Q20907561]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus floridanus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus floridanus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1911 | [[:d:Q20907562|Q20907562]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus fraterculus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus fraterculus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1912 | [[:d:Q20907563|Q20907563]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus furvus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1913 | [[:d:Q20907564|Q20907564]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus guatemalae]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus guatemalae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1914 | [[:d:Q20907565|Q20907565]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus madrensis]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus madrensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1915 | [[:d:Q20907566|Q20907566]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus nigrirostris | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1916 | [[:d:Q20907567|Q20907567]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus ocythous]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus ocythous | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1917 | [[:d:Q20907570|Q20907570]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus peninsularis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1918 | [[:d:Q20907572|Q20907572]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus townsendi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1919 | [[:d:Q20907573|Q20907573]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus venezuelae]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus venezuelae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1920 | [[:d:Q22112446|Q22112446]] | [[Proailurus lemanensis]] | Proailurus lemanensis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Proailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1921 | [[:d:Q121036111|Q121036111]] | [[Panthera dhokpathanensis]] | Panthera dhokpathanensis | 2 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1922 | [[:d:Q122026707|Q122026707]] | [[Fortunictis]] | Fortunictis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Metailurini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1923 | [[:d:Q12203786|Q12203786]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii cyrenaica]] | Vulpes rueppellii cyrenaica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1924 | [[:d:Q20907482|Q20907482]] | [[Atelocynus microtis microtis]] | Atelocynus microtis microtis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atelocynus microtis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1925 | [[:d:Q20907526|Q20907526]] | [[Cerdocyon thous thous]] | Cerdocyon thous thous | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1926 | [[:d:Q20907527|Q20907527]] | [[Cerdocyon thous aquilus]] | Cerdocyon thous aquilus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1927 | [[:d:Q20907529|Q20907529]] | [[Cerdocyon thous azarae]] | Cerdocyon thous azarae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1928 | [[:d:Q20907530|Q20907530]] | [[Cerdocyon thous entrerianus]] | Cerdocyon thous entrerianus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1929 | [[:d:Q20907531|Q20907531]] | [[Cerdocyon thous germanus]] | Cerdocyon thous germanus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1930 | [[:d:Q20907532|Q20907532]] | [[Cerdocyon thous soudanicus]] | Cerdocyon thous soudanicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1931 | [[:d:Q20907592|Q20907592]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii rueppellii]] | Vulpes rueppellii rueppellii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1932 | [[:d:Q20907593|Q20907593]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii caesia]] | Vulpes rueppellii caesia | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1933 | [[:d:Q20907596|Q20907596]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii sabaea]] | Vulpes rueppellii sabaea | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1934 | [[:d:Q20907598|Q20907598]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii zarudnyi]] | Vulpes rueppellii zarudnyi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1935 | [[:d:Q138662753|Q138662753]] | [[Lynchailurus]] | Lynchailurus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1936 | [[:d:Q20907483|Q20907483]] | [[Atelocynus microtis sclateri]] | Atelocynus microtis sclateri | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atelocynus microtis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1937 | [[:d:Q20907538|Q20907538]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus gymnocercus]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus gymnocercus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1938 | [[:d:Q20907539|Q20907539]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus antiquus]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus antiquus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1939 | [[:d:Q20907540|Q20907540]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus domeykoanus]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus domeykoanus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1940 | [[:d:Q20907541|Q20907541]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus gracilis]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus gracilis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1941 | [[:d:Q20907542|Q20907542]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus maullinicus]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus maullinicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1942 | [[:d:Q20907587|Q20907587]] | [[Vulpes pallida pallida]] | Vulpes pallida pallida | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes pallida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1943 | [[:d:Q20907588|Q20907588]] | [[Vulpes pallida cyrenaica]] | Vulpes pallida cyrenaica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes pallida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1944 | [[:d:Q20907589|Q20907589]] | [[Vulpes pallida edwardsi]] | Vulpes pallida edwardsi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes pallida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1945 | [[:d:Q20907590|Q20907590]] | [[Vulpes pallida harterti]] | Vulpes pallida harterti | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes pallida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1946 | [[:d:Q20907591|Q20907591]] | [[Vulpes pallida oertzeni]] | Vulpes pallida oertzeni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes pallida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1947 | [[:d:Q20907986|Q20907986]] | [[Bassariscus astutus saxicola]] | Bassariscus astutus saxicola | 2 | | [[File:Bassariscus astutus saxicola 293508486.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1948 | [[:d:Q20907995|Q20907995]] | [[Nasua narica narica]] | Nasua narica narica | 2 | | [[File:Nasua narica - Anthony Batista - 465439895.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua narica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1949 | [[:d:Q20907996|Q20907996]] | [[Nasua narica molaris]] | Nasua narica molaris | 2 | | [[File:Nasua narica molaris.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua narica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1950 | [[:d:Q20907998|Q20907998]] | [[Nasua narica yucatanica]] | Nasua narica yucatanica | 2 | | [[File:194 White-nosed coati at the beach in Yucatán Photo by Giles Laurent (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua narica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1951 | [[:d:Q112892960|Q112892960]] | [[Ailuropoda fovealis]] | Ailuropoda fovealis | 2 | | [[File:Ailuropoda fovealis skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ailuropoda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1952 | [[:d:Q121010961|Q121010961]] | [[Lynx hei]] | Lynx hei | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1953 | [[:d:Q121011228|Q121011228]] | [[Lynx thomasi]] | Lynx thomasi | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1954 | [[:d:Q126372014|Q126372014]] | [[Acinonyx pleistocaenicus]] | Acinonyx pleistocaenicus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Acinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1955 | [[:d:Q18644718|Q18644718]] | [[Ailuropodini]] | Ailuropodini | 2 | | [[File:Kretzoiarctos beatrix lower jaws.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuropodinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1956 | [[:d:Q19717304|Q19717304]] | [[Ursulus stehlini]] | Ursulus stehlini | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursulus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1957 | [[:d:Q33177334|Q33177334]] | [[Agriotheriini]] | Agriotheriini | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Agriotheriinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1958 | [[:d:Q47249071|Q47249071]] | [[Edaphocyon]] | Edaphocyon | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1959 | [[:d:Q111745070|Q111745070]] | [[Longchuansmilus]] | Longchuansmilus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]]<br/>[[saber-toothed cat]] | | [[Machairodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1960 | [[:d:Q133258041|Q133258041]] | [[Paranasua]] | Paranasua | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1961 | [[:d:Q134355622|Q134355622]] | [[Caracal auratus]] | Caracal auratus | 2 | | [[File:FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1962 | [[:d:Q3893465|Q3893465]] | [[Panthera leo somaliensis]] | Panthera leo somaliensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1963 | [[:d:Q17581454|Q17581454]] | [[Panthera tigris lecoqi]] | Panthera tigris lecoqi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1964 | [[:d:Q20907067|Q20907067]] | [[Leopardus pardalis aequatorialis]] | Leopardus pardalis aequatorialis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1965 | [[:d:Q20907142|Q20907142]] | [[Panthera leo kamptzi]] | Panthera leo kamptzi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1966 | [[:d:Q21401249|Q21401249]] | [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca melanoleuca]] | Ailuropoda melanoleuca melanoleuca | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1967 | [[:d:Q111781346|Q111781346]] | [[Panthera uncia pyrenaica]] | Panthera uncia pyrenaica | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Panthera uncia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1968 | [[:d:Q122092402|Q122092402]] | [[Pachypanthera piriyai]] | Pachypanthera piriyai | 2 | | [[File:Pachypanthera piriyai Skull Reconstruction.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pachypanthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1969 | [[:d:Q122096627|Q122096627]] | [[Palaeopanthera blytheae]] | Palaeopanthera blytheae | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Palaeopanthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1970 | [[:d:Q122711684|Q122711684]] | [[Vishnufelis laticeps]] | Vishnufelis laticeps | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnufelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1971 | [[:d:Q122961405|Q122961405]] | [[Sivapardus punjabiensis]] | Sivapardus punjabiensis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Sivapardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1972 | [[:d:Q124254179|Q124254179]] | [[Magerifelis peignei]] | Magerifelis peignei | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Magerifelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1973 | [[:d:Q132147256|Q132147256]] | [[Cape black-backed jackal]] | Lupulella mesomelas mesomelas | 2 | | [[File:135 Black-backed jackal hunting for food at Cape cross Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella mesomelas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1974 | [[:d:Q132147283|Q132147283]] | [[Lupulella mesomelas schmidti]] | Lupulella mesomelas schmidti | 2 | | [[File:Chacal chabraque.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella mesomelas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1975 | [[:d:Q133799716|Q133799716]] | [[Nasua olivacea meridensis]] | Nasua olivacea meridensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua olivacea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1976 | [[:d:Q6059901|Q6059901]] | [[Panthera pardus pernigra]] | Panthera pardus pernigra | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1977 | [[:d:Q6059904|Q6059904]] | [[Balochistan leopard]] | Panthera pardus sindica | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1978 | [[:d:Q9055129|Q9055129]] | [[Panthera pardus ciscaucasica]] | Panthera pardus ciscaucasica | 2 | | [[File:Persian Leopard sitting.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1979 | [[:d:Q20907118|Q20907118]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis borneoensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis borneoensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1980 | [[:d:Q20907121|Q20907121]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis javanensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1981 | [[:d:Q20907139|Q20907139]] | [[Neofelis nebulosa nebulosa]] | Neofelis nebulosa nebulosa | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis nebulosa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1982 | [[:d:Q21355721|Q21355721]] | [[Puma concolor greeni]] | Puma concolor greeni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma|Puma concolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1983 | [[:d:Q2715753|Q2715753]] | [[Dinofelis barlowi]] | Dinofelis barlowi | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Dinofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1984 | [[:d:Q5442089|Q5442089]] | [[Felis margarita airensis]] | Felis margarita airensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto del deserto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1985 | [[:d:Q5442090|Q5442090]] | [[Felis margarita margarita]] | Felis margarita margarita | 2 | | [[File:Felis margarita 12.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto del deserto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1986 | [[:d:Q5442091|Q5442091]] | [[Felis margarita meinertzhageni]] | Felis margarita meinertzhageni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto del deserto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1987 | [[:d:Q5442093|Q5442093]] | [[Felis margarita scheffeli]] | Felis margarita scheffeli | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto del deserto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1988 | [[:d:Q8961162|Q8961162]] | [[Felis silvestris vellerosa]] | Felis silvestris vellerosa | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1989 | [[:d:Q20716453|Q20716453]] | [[Adelphailurus kansensis]] | Adelphailurus kansensis | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Adelphailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1990 | [[:d:Q20907093|Q20907093]] | [[Lynx canadensis canadensis]] | Lynx canadensis canadensis | 2 | | [[File:Lynx du Canada .jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1991 | [[:d:Q20907094|Q20907094]] | [[Lynx canadensis mollipilosus]] | Lynx canadensis mollipilosus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1992 | [[:d:Q20907095|Q20907095]] | [[Lynx canadensis subsolanus]] | Lynx canadensis subsolanus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx canadensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1993 | [[:d:Q20907100|Q20907100]] | [[Lynx rufus rufus]] | Lynx rufus rufus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1994 | [[:d:Q20907104|Q20907104]] | [[Lynx rufus fasciatus]] | Lynx rufus fasciatus | 2 | | [[File:Lynx rufus fasciatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1995 | [[:d:Q20907112|Q20907112]] | [[Pardofelis marmorata marmorata]] | Pardofelis marmorata marmorata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto marmorate]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1996 | [[:d:Q20907113|Q20907113]] | [[Pardofelis marmorata charltonii]] | Pardofelis marmorata charltonii | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto marmorate]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1997 | [[:d:Q20907046|Q20907046]] | [[Felis nigripes nigripes]] | Felis nigripes nigripes | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto a pedes nigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1998 | [[:d:Q20907047|Q20907047]] | [[Felis nigripes thomasi]] | Felis nigripes thomasi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto a pedes nigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 1999 | [[:d:Q20907079|Q20907079]] | [[Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides]] | Leopardus tigrinus pardinoides | 2 | | [[File:Leopardus pardinoides.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus tigrinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2000 | [[:d:Q20907090|Q20907090]] | [[Leopardus wiedii yucatanicus]] | Leopardus wiedii yucatanicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2001 | [[:d:Q20907129|Q20907129]] | [[Profelis aurata aurata]] | Profelis aurata aurata | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal aurata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2002 | [[:d:Q20907130|Q20907130]] | [[Profelis aurata cottoni]] | Profelis aurata cottoni | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal aurata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2003 | [[:d:Q2881618|Q2881618]] | [[Leopardus pajeros steinbachi]] | Leopardus pajeros steinbachi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pajeros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2004 | [[:d:Q5703270|Q5703270]] | [[Arctotherium tarijense]] | Arctotherium tarijense | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2005 | [[:d:Q5703273|Q5703273]] | [[Arctotherium vetustum]] | Arctotherium vetustum | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2006 | [[:d:Q6169186|Q6169186]] | [[Xenocyon africanus]] | Xenocyon africanus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Xenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2007 | [[:d:Q6169188|Q6169188]] | [[Xenocyon antonii]] | Xenocyon antonii | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Xenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2008 | [[:d:Q6169190|Q6169190]] | [[Xenocyon falconeri]] | Xenocyon falconeri | 2 | | [[File:Xenocyon falconeri 2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Xenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2009 | [[:d:Q6387853|Q6387853]] | [[Arctotherium bonariense]] | Arctotherium bonariense | 2 | | [[File:Arctotherium.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2010 | [[:d:Q7186480|Q7186480]] | [[Phlaocyon achoros]] | Phlaocyon achoros | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2011 | [[:d:Q7186481|Q7186481]] | [[Phlaocyon annectens]] | Phlaocyon annectens | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2012 | [[:d:Q7186482|Q7186482]] | [[Phlaocyon latidens]] | Phlaocyon latidens | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2013 | [[:d:Q7186483|Q7186483]] | [[Phlaocyon mariae]] | Phlaocyon mariae | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2014 | [[:d:Q16667334|Q16667334]] | [[Nyctereutes lockwoodi]] | Nyctereutes lockwoodi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2015 | [[:d:Q18388298|Q18388298]] | [[Phlaocyon minor]] | Phlaocyon minor | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2016 | [[:d:Q18392570|Q18392570]] | [[Phlaocyon yatkolai]] | Phlaocyon yatkolai | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phlaocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2017 | [[:d:Q111032084|Q111032084]] | [[Miomachairodus pseudailuroides]] | Miomachairodus pseudailuroides | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Miomachairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2018 | [[:d:Q5747530|Q5747530]] | [[Canis gezi]] | Canis gezi | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2019 | [[:d:Q16975232|Q16975232]] | [[Borophagus dudleyi]] | Borophagus dudleyi | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2020 | [[:d:Q16975248|Q16975248]] | [[Borophagus orc]] | Borophagus orc | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2021 | [[:d:Q20907547|Q20907547]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides | 2 | | [[File:Nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides Hardwicke.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2022 | [[:d:Q20907550|Q20907550]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides orestes]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides orestes | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2023 | [[:d:Q97126596|Q97126596]] | [[Canis adoxus]] | Canis adoxus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2024 | [[:d:Q63525329|Q63525329]] | [[Miomaci pannonicum]] | Miomaci pannonicum | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Miomaci]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2025 | [[:d:Q116547814|Q116547814]] | [[cyonarctos dessei]] | Cyonarctos dessei | 2 | | [[File:Cyonarctos dessei.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[cyonarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2026 | [[:d:Q131742962|Q131742962]] | [[Filholictis]] | Filholictis | 2 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Cephalogalini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2027 | [[:d:Q20907553|Q20907553]] | [[Otocyon megalotis canescens]] | Otocyon megalotis canescens | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocyon megalotis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2028 | [[:d:Q21400754|Q21400754]] | [[Smilodon fatalis californicus]] | Smilodon fatalis californicus | 2 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Smilodon fatalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2029 | [[:d:Q113407746|Q113407746]] | [[Agriarctos nikolovi]] | Agriarctos nikolovi | 2 | | [[File:Teeth of Agriarctos nikolovi.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Agriarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2030 | [[:d:Q139959555|Q139959555]] | [[Vitasta Wolf]] | Canis vitastensis | 2 | | [[File:Canis vitastensis fossil fragments.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | [[Canides|Canidae]] | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2031 | [[:d:Q7915859|Q7915859]] | [[Variegated jackal]] | Canis aureus soudanicus | 2 | | [[File:Paintedthousdog.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2032 | [[:d:Q20907484|Q20907484]] | [[Canis adustus adustus]] | Canis adustus adustus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis adustus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2033 | [[:d:Q20907485|Q20907485]] | [[Canis adustus bweha]] | Canis adustus bweha | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis adustus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2034 | [[:d:Q20907486|Q20907486]] | [[Canis adustus grayi]] | Canis adustus grayi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis adustus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2035 | [[:d:Q20907487|Q20907487]] | [[Canis adustus kaffensis]] | Canis adustus kaffensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis adustus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2036 | [[:d:Q20907488|Q20907488]] | [[Canis adustus lateralis]] | Canis adustus lateralis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis adustus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2037 | [[:d:Q20907489|Q20907489]] | [[Canis adustus notatus]] | Canis adustus notatus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis adustus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2038 | [[:d:Q20907490|Q20907490]] | [[Canis aureus bea]] | Canis aureus bea | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2039 | [[:d:Q20907496|Q20907496]] | [[Canis aureus riparius]] | Canis aureus riparius | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2040 | [[:d:Q20907499|Q20907499]] | [[Canis latrans cagottis]] | Canis latrans cagottis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2041 | [[:d:Q20907501|Q20907501]] | [[Canis latrans dickeyi]] | Canis latrans dickeyi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2042 | [[:d:Q20907502|Q20907502]] | [[Canis latrans frustror]] | Canis latrans frustror | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2043 | [[:d:Q20907504|Q20907504]] | [[Canis latrans goldmani]] | Canis latrans goldmani | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2044 | [[:d:Q20907505|Q20907505]] | [[Canis latrans hondurensis]] | Canis latrans hondurensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2045 | [[:d:Q20907506|Q20907506]] | [[Canis latrans impavidus]] | Canis latrans impavidus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2046 | [[:d:Q20907508|Q20907508]] | [[Canis latrans jamesi]] | Canis latrans jamesi | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2047 | [[:d:Q20907511|Q20907511]] | [[Canis latrans microdon]] | Canis latrans microdon | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2048 | [[:d:Q20907512|Q20907512]] | [[Canis latrans peninsulae]] | Canis latrans peninsulae | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[coyote]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2049 | [[:d:Q20907519|Q20907519]] | [[Canis lupus floridanus]] | Canis lupus floridanus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2050 | [[:d:Q20907524|Q20907524]] | [[Canis simensis simensis]] | Canis simensis simensis | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis simensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2051 | [[:d:Q30062848|Q30062848]] | [[Lupo aurate senegalese]] | Canis anthus anthus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis anthus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2052 | [[:d:Q126678458|Q126678458]] | [[Canis anthus soudanicus]] | Canis anthus soudanicus | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis anthus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2053 | [[:d:Q135219483|Q135219483]] | [[Serengeti wolf]] | Canis lupaster bea | 2 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis lupaster]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2054 | [[:d:Q7250487|Q7250487]] | [[Proremiculus]] | Proremiculus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Adapisoriculidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2055 | [[:d:Q21359045|Q21359045]] | [[Trichomanis]] | Trichomanis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2056 | [[:d:Q21368849|Q21368849]] | [[Trocharion]] | Trocharion | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2057 | [[:d:Q25606482|Q25606482]] | [[Grison]] | Grison | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2058 | [[:d:Q38456345|Q38456345]] | [[Marcetia]] | Marcetia | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2059 | [[:d:Q41157347|Q41157347]] | [[Poecilictis]] | Poecilictis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2060 | [[:d:Q85989033|Q85989033]] | [[Adracon]] | Adracon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[carnivoros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2061 | [[:d:Q85989290|Q85989290]] | [[Cryptailurus]] | Cryptailurus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2062 | [[:d:Q85989733|Q85989733]] | [[Mellivorodon]] | Mellivorodon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2063 | [[:d:Q85990097|Q85990097]] | [[Pseudictis]] | Pseudictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2064 | [[:d:Q107658391|Q107658391]] | [[Ailuridae]] | Ailuridae | 1 | | | [[taxon]]<br/>[[former entity]] | | [[carnivoros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2065 | [[:d:Q119810865|Q119810865]] | [[Pinnipediformes]] | Pinnipediformes | 1 | | | [[taxon]]<br/>[[clado]] | | [[Pinnipedimorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2066 | [[:d:Q121795517|Q121795517]] | [[Ursavinae]] | Ursavinae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2067 | [[:d:Q132190887|Q132190887]] | [[Nimravoidea]] | Nimravoidea | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2068 | [[:d:Q33142418|Q33142418]] | [[Devinophocinae]] | Devinophocinae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2069 | [[:d:Q41153969|Q41153969]] | [[Gryphoca]] | Gryphoca | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2070 | [[:d:Q41155783|Q41155783]] | [[Monachopsis]] | Monachopsis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2071 | [[:d:Q41157012|Q41157012]] | [[Phocanella]] | Phocanella | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2072 | [[:d:Q41157488|Q41157488]] | [[Prophoca]] | Prophoca | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2073 | [[:d:Q107272854|Q107272854]] | [[Amblonyx]] | Amblonyx | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2074 | [[:d:Q116788226|Q116788226]] | [[Sonitictis]] | Sonitictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2075 | [[:d:Q116788227|Q116788227]] | [[Magnotherium]] | Magnotherium | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2076 | [[:d:Q121338703|Q121338703]] | [[Planopusa]] | Planopusa | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2077 | [[:d:Q121410416|Q121410416]] | [[Craterogale]] | Craterogale | 1 | | [[File:Craterogale simus skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2078 | [[:d:Q121539482|Q121539482]] | [[Pristiphoca]] | Pristiphoca | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2079 | [[:d:Q122084103|Q122084103]] | [[Erokomellivora]] | Erokomellivora | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2080 | [[:d:Q123014800|Q123014800]] | [[Australophoca]] | Australophoca | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2081 | [[:d:Q123014818|Q123014818]] | [[Cryptophoca]] | Cryptophoca | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2082 | [[:d:Q123014940|Q123014940]] | [[Hydrarctos]] | Hydrarctos | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2083 | [[:d:Q123015025|Q123015025]] | [[Sarmatonectes]] | Sarmatonectes | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2084 | [[:d:Q123015048|Q123015048]] | [[Terranectes]] | Terranectes | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2085 | [[:d:Q123015063|Q123015063]] | [[Sarcodectes]] | Sarcodectes | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2086 | [[:d:Q123015085|Q123015085]] | [[Palmidophoca]] | Palmidophoca | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2087 | [[:d:Q125622520|Q125622520]] | [[Magophoca]] | Magophoca | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2088 | [[:d:Q126698037|Q126698037]] | [[Promellivora]] | Promellivora | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2089 | [[:d:Q126708170|Q126708170]] | [[Dinogale]] | Dinogale | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2090 | [[:d:Q132156979|Q132156979]] | [[Shansictis]] | Shansictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2091 | [[:d:Q135160819|Q135160819]] | [[Paratethyphoca]] | Paratethyphoca | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2092 | [[:d:Q136655494|Q136655494]] | [[Floridictis]] | Floridictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2093 | [[:d:Q136655544|Q136655544]] | [[Legionarictis]] | Legionarictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2094 | [[:d:Q136655560|Q136655560]] | [[Lartetictis]] | Lartetictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2095 | [[:d:Q136655625|Q136655625]] | [[Promeles]] | Promeles | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2096 | [[:d:Q138497907|Q138497907]] | [[Canimartes]] | Canimartes | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2097 | [[:d:Q138507147|Q138507147]] | [[Matanomictis]] | Matanomictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2098 | [[:d:Q139570330|Q139570330]] | [[Galanthisictis]] | Galanthisictis | 1 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2099 | [[:d:Q141266967|Q141266967]] | [[Icaphoca]] | Icaphoca | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2100 | [[:d:Q18003134|Q18003134]] | [[Mephitini]] | Mephitini | 1 | | [[File:Striped Skunk.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2101 | [[:d:Q21368778|Q21368778]] | [[Ikelohyaena]] | Ikelohyaena | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2102 | [[:d:Q85989065|Q85989065]] | [[Afrosmilinae]] | Afrosmilinae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2103 | [[:d:Q85989326|Q85989326]] | [[Dinailurictinae]] | Dinailurictinae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2104 | [[:d:Q119809215|Q119809215]] | [[Phocoidea]] | Phocoidea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Pinnipedia]]<br/>[[Pinnipediformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2105 | [[:d:Q122070164|Q122070164]] | [[Tugenictis]] | Tugenictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2106 | [[:d:Q125857211|Q125857211]] | [[Osmotherium]] | Osmotherium | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2107 | [[:d:Q134625973|Q134625973]] | [[Belbus]] | Belbus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2108 | [[:d:Q134697831|Q134697831]] | [[Werdelinus]] | Werdelinus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2109 | [[:d:Q134892962|Q134892962]] | [[Metahyaena]] | Metahyaena | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2110 | [[:d:Q135008938|Q135008938]] | [[Tongxinictis]] | Tongxinictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2111 | [[:d:Q135090907|Q135090907]] | [[Tungurictis]] | Tungurictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2112 | [[:d:Q138656105|Q138656105]] | [[Mydainae]] | Mydainae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mephitidae|Moffetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2113 | [[:d:Q11757624|Q11757624]] | [[Prionodontinae]] | Prionodontinae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodontidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2114 | [[:d:Q16948001|Q16948001]] | [[Nothocyon]] | Nothocyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Subparictidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2115 | [[:d:Q16983499|Q16983499]] | [[Ictiocyon]] | Ictiocyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2116 | [[:d:Q21361392|Q21361392]] | [[Deccanolestes narmadensis]] | Deccanolestes narmadensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Deccanolestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2117 | [[:d:Q25101708|Q25101708]] | [[Vishnucyon]] | Vishnucyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2118 | [[:d:Q107290797|Q107290797]] | [[Afrodon ivani]] | Afrodon ivani | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Afrodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2119 | [[:d:Q113900911|Q113900911]] | [[Odobeninae]] | Odobeninae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Odobenidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2120 | [[:d:Q116223872|Q116223872]] | [[Myacyon]] | Myacyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2121 | [[:d:Q119809978|Q119809978]] | [[Pan-Pinnipedia]] | Pan-Pinnipedia | 1 | | | [[taxon]]<br/>[[clado]] | | [[Arctoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2122 | [[:d:Q122070604|Q122070604]] | [[Ketketictis]] | Ketketictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2123 | [[:d:Q130342018|Q130342018]] | [[Megaviverra]] | Megaviverra | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2124 | [[:d:Q131825406|Q131825406]] | [[Nandinioidea]] | Nandinioidea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Aeluroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2125 | [[:d:Q133282075|Q133282075]] | [[Mioparadoxurus]] | Mioparadoxurus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2126 | [[:d:Q5703256|Q5703256]] | [[Arctophoca]] | Arctophoca | 1 | | [[File:Arctocephalus tropicalis CrozetIslands female.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2127 | [[:d:Q85989592|Q85989592]] | [[Stenoplesictis muhoronii]] | Stenoplesictis muhoronii | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Stenoplesictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2128 | [[:d:Q124837460|Q124837460]] | [[Phoca procaspica]] | Phoca procaspica | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Phoca (genere)|Phoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2129 | [[:d:Q140311946|Q140311946]] | [[Paradoxurini]] | Paradoxurini | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2130 | [[:d:Q3812870|Q3812870]] | [[Kanuites lewisae]] | Kanuites lewisae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Kanuites]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2131 | [[:d:Q20717547|Q20717547]] | [[Chasmaporthetes ossifragus]] | Chasmaporthetes ossifragus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Chasmaporthetes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2132 | [[:d:Q27994178|Q27994178]] | [[Herpestes sanguineus]] | Herpestes sanguineus | 1 | | [[File:Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig (Taf. 8 Fig.1,2) (6961545439).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2133 | [[:d:Q27998228|Q27998228]] | [[Herpestes pulverulentus]] | Herpestes pulverulentus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2134 | [[:d:Q41083658|Q41083658]] | [[Genetta letabae]] | Genetta letabae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2135 | [[:d:Q85989480|Q85989480]] | [[Hoplophoneus strigidens]] | Hoplophoneus strigidens | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hoplophoneus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2136 | [[:d:Q112899114|Q112899114]] | [[Lutraeximia]] | Lutraeximia | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2137 | [[:d:Q118852976|Q118852976]] | [[Genetta nyakitongwer]] | Genetta nyakitongwer | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2138 | [[:d:Q133271769|Q133271769]] | [[Tyrrhenolutra]] | Tyrrhenolutra | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2139 | [[:d:Q133277781|Q133277781]] | [[Tisisthenes]] | Tisisthenes | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2140 | [[:d:Q139645718|Q139645718]] | [[Viverrictis]] | Viverrictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Viverrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2141 | [[:d:Q140402596|Q140402596]] | [[ermine]] | | 1 | | [[File:L’Hermine & Le Rosselet - Ermine & Stoat - Galica - Histoire naturelle, générale et particuliére, t. 7, Paris, Imprimerie Royale, 1758.jpg|center|48px]] | [[organisms known by a particular common name]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2142 | [[:d:Q7711432|Q7711432]] | [[Thaumastocyonini]] | Thaumastocyonini | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2143 | [[:d:Q18002428|Q18002428]] | [[Martinogale alveodens]] | Martinogale alveodens | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Martinogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2144 | [[:d:Q76763353|Q76763353]] | [[Conepatus carloschebezi]] | Conepatus carloschebezi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2145 | [[:d:Q76763364|Q76763364]] | [[Conepatus feuillei]] | Conepatus feuillei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2146 | [[:d:Q85924242|Q85924242]] | [[Adcrocuta eximia]] | Adcrocuta eximia | 1 | | [[File:Adcrocuta eximia, Asenovgrad.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Adcrocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2147 | [[:d:Q108030083|Q108030083]] | [[Conepatus robustus]] | Conepatus robustus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Conepatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2148 | [[:d:Q108804968|Q108804968]] | [[Africanictis meini]] | Africanictis meini | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Africanictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2149 | [[:d:Q108805049|Q108805049]] | [[Africanictis schmidtkittleri]] | Africanictis schmidtkittleri | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Africanictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2150 | [[:d:Q108805170|Q108805170]] | [[Africanictis hyaenoides]] | Africanictis hyaenoides | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Africanictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2151 | [[:d:Q110390918|Q110390918]] | [[Pliophoca etrusca]] | Pliophoca etrusca | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Pliophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2152 | [[:d:Q111034865|Q111034865]] | [[Albanosmilus jourdani]] | Albanosmilus jourdani | 1 | | [[File:Albanosmilus jourdani - crani.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Albanosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2153 | [[:d:Q111036376|Q111036376]] | [[Sansanosmilus palmidens]] | Sansanosmilus palmidens | 1 | | [[File:Sansanosmilus palmidens skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Sansanosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2154 | [[:d:Q119132618|Q119132618]] | [[Prosansanosmilus eggeri]] | Prosansanosmilus eggeri | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Prosansanosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2155 | [[:d:Q138657888|Q138657888]] | [[Bdeogale]] | Bdeogale | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2156 | [[:d:Q138657890|Q138657890]] | [[Galeriscus]] | Galeriscus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2157 | [[:d:Q139959735|Q139959735]] | [[Dehmictis]] | Dehmictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mellivorinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2158 | [[:d:Q139959817|Q139959817]] | [[Namibictis]] | Namibictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mellivorinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2159 | [[:d:Q3553549|Q3553549]] | [[Valenictus chulavistensis]] | Valenictus chulavistensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Valenictus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2160 | [[:d:Q10354179|Q10354179]] | [[Procyonoidea]] | Procyonoidea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelida]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2161 | [[:d:Q16613229|Q16613229]] | [[Teruelictis riparius]] | Teruelictis riparius | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Teruelictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2162 | [[:d:Q21230314|Q21230314]] | [[Mydeus]] | Mydeus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Melinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2163 | [[:d:Q85990402|Q85990402]] | [[Viretictis]] | Viretictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Feloidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2164 | [[:d:Q108680579|Q108680579]] | [[Eumetopias ojiyaensis]] | Eumetopias ojiyaensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Eumetopias]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2165 | [[:d:Q108698491|Q108698491]] | [[Odobenus mandanoensis]] | Odobenus mandanoensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Odobenus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2166 | [[:d:Q111038014|Q111038014]] | [[Ginsburgsmilus napakensis]] | Ginsburgsmilus napakensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ginsburgsmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2167 | [[:d:Q116969147|Q116969147]] | [[Bonisicyon]] | Bonisicyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2168 | [[:d:Q117312355|Q117312355]] | [[Delotrochanter]] | Delotrochanter | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Temnocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2169 | [[:d:Q123080822|Q123080822]] | [[Dinocrocuta gigantea]] | Dinocrocuta gigantea | 1 | | [[File:Dinocrocuta.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Dinocrocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2170 | [[:d:Q126811602|Q126811602]] | [[Hyaenictis graeca]] | Hyaenictis graeca | 1 | | [[File:Hyaenictis graeca.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hyaenictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2171 | [[:d:Q134168438|Q134168438]] | [[Crocuta dietrichi]] | Crocuta dietrichi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Crocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2172 | [[:d:Q134725561|Q134725561]] | [[Piscophoca pacifica]] | Piscophoca pacifica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Piscophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2173 | [[:d:Q134740719|Q134740719]] | [[Pseudarctini]] | Pseudarctini | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2174 | [[:d:Q135237645|Q135237645]] | [[Askazansoria]] | Askazansoria | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2175 | [[:d:Q136746351|Q136746351]] | [[Allocyon]] | Allocyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicynodontidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2176 | [[:d:Q139414568|Q139414568]] | [[Crocuta eturono]] | Crocuta eturono | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Crocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2177 | [[:d:Q3792499|Q3792499]] | [[Ikelohyaena abronia]] | Ikelohyaena abronia | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ikelohyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2178 | [[:d:Q21236814|Q21236814]] | [[Afrophoca libyca]] | Afrophoca libyca | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Afrophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2179 | [[:d:Q27440964|Q27440964]] | [[Xenogale naso]] | Xenogale naso | 1 | | [[File:Long-nosed mongoose (without bg).png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Xenogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2180 | [[:d:Q108670197|Q108670197]] | [[Pseudotaria muramotoi]] | Pseudotaria muramotoi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pseudotaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2181 | [[:d:Q123014993|Q123014993]] | [[Batavipusa]] | Batavipusa | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phocinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2182 | [[:d:Q126687247|Q126687247]] | [[Mustelavus]] | Mustelavus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustelavinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2183 | [[:d:Q130356555|Q130356555]] | [[Peignecyon]] | Peignecyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Thaumastocyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2184 | [[:d:Q132883666|Q132883666]] | [[Gansuyaena]] | Gansuyaena | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Protelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2185 | [[:d:Q139959705|Q139959705]] | [[Iberictis]] | Iberictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2186 | [[:d:Q4359298|Q4359298]] | [[Perunium ursogulo]] | Perunium ursogulo | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Perunium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2187 | [[:d:Q97371092|Q97371092]] | [[Craterogale simus]] | Craterogale simus | 1 | | [[File:Craterogale simus skull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Craterogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2188 | [[:d:Q109264769|Q109264769]] | [[Vishnuonyx neptuni]] | Vishnuonyx neptuni | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2189 | [[:d:Q112867515|Q112867515]] | [[Prototaria planicephala]] | Prototaria planicephala | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Prototaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2190 | [[:d:Q112867572|Q112867572]] | [[Prototaria primigena]] | Prototaria primigena | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Prototaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2191 | [[:d:Q112959024|Q112959024]] | [[Aragonictis araid]] | Aragonictis araid | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aragonictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2192 | [[:d:Q114975699|Q114975699]] | [[Oaxacagale ruizi]] | Oaxacagale ruizi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oaxacagale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2193 | [[:d:Q116630687|Q116630687]] | [[Dusignathus seftoni]] | Dusignathus seftoni | 1 | | [[File:Dusignathus seftoni SDNHM 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Dusignathus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2194 | [[:d:Q116631155|Q116631155]] | [[Dusignathus santacruzensis]] | Dusignathus santacruzensis | 1 | | [[File:Dusignathus santacruzensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Dusignathus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2195 | [[:d:Q116761715|Q116761715]] | [[Allohyaena kadici]] | Allohyaena kadici | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Allohyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2196 | [[:d:Q116788436|Q116788436]] | [[Sonitictis moralesi]] | Sonitictis moralesi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Sonitictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2197 | [[:d:Q116788439|Q116788439]] | [[Magnotherium johnsii]] | Magnotherium johnsii | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Magnotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2198 | [[:d:Q116944503|Q116944503]] | [[Titanotaria orangensis]] | Titanotaria orangensis | 1 | | [[File:Titanotaria skull.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Titanotaria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2199 | [[:d:Q121338708|Q121338708]] | [[Planopusa semenovi]] | Planopusa semenovi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Planopusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2200 | [[:d:Q133150883|Q133150883]] | [[Propoecilogale]] | Propoecilogale | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ictonychinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2201 | [[:d:Q135189133|Q135189133]] | [[Odobenini]] | Odobenini | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Odobeninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2202 | [[:d:Q138732872|Q138732872]] | [[Vishnuonyx chinjiensis]] | Vishnuonyx chinjiensis | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Vishnuonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2203 | [[:d:Q141199764|Q141199764]] | [[Erokomellivora lothagamensis]] | Erokomellivora lothagamensis | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Erokomellivora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2204 | [[:d:Q10915457|Q10915457]] | [[Mustela formosana]] | Mustela formosana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2205 | [[:d:Q10960092|Q10960092]] | [[Mustela amurensis]] | Mustela amurensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2206 | [[:d:Q27898194|Q27898194]] | [[Gale]] | Gale | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2207 | [[:d:Q55636015|Q55636015]] | [[Tonkin weasel]] | Mustela tonkinensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2208 | [[:d:Q108939086|Q108939086]] | [[Martes ten]] | Martes ten | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2209 | [[:d:Q122171688|Q122171688]] | [[Mustela furo]] | Mustela furo | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2210 | [[:d:Q131451931|Q131451931]] | [[Martes ginsburgi]] | Martes ginsburgi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2211 | [[:d:Q132643625|Q132643625]] | [[Martes vetus]] | Martes vetus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2212 | [[:d:Q60978126|Q60978126]] | [[Tungurictis spocki]] | Tungurictis spocki | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Tungurictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2213 | [[:d:Q113011945|Q113011945]] | [[Adeilosmilus]] | Adeilosmilus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2214 | [[:d:Q134725558|Q134725558]] | [[Miophoca vetusta]] | Miophoca vetusta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Miophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2215 | [[:d:Q135702373|Q135702373]] | [[Messiphoca mauretanica]] | Messiphoca mauretanica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Messiphoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2216 | [[:d:Q137325126|Q137325126]] | [[Pliogale]] | Pliogale | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mephitinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2217 | [[:d:Q137325217|Q137325217]] | [[Miomustela madisonae]] | Miomustela madisonae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Miomustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2218 | [[:d:Q137592820|Q137592820]] | [[Taotienimravus songi]] | Taotienimravus songi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Taotienimravus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2219 | [[:d:Q140460422|Q140460422]] | [[Brachyopsigale]] | Brachyopsigale | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mephitinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2220 | [[:d:Q141200725|Q141200725]] | [[Promellivora punjabiensis]] | Promellivora punjabiensis | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Promellivora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2221 | [[:d:Q20907244|Q20907244]] | [[Genetta genetta afra]] | Genetta genetta afra | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2222 | [[:d:Q20907245|Q20907245]] | [[Genetta genetta dongolana]] | Genetta genetta dongolana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2223 | [[:d:Q20907247|Q20907247]] | [[Genetta genetta senegalensis]] | Genetta genetta senegalensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta genetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2224 | [[:d:Q20907292|Q20907292]] | [[Nandinia binotata binotata]] | Nandinia binotata binotata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[civetta de palma african]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2225 | [[:d:Q20907436|Q20907436]] | [[Herpestes semitorquatus semitorquatus]] | Herpestes semitorquatus semitorquatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes semitorquatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2226 | [[:d:Q20907437|Q20907437]] | [[Herpestes semitorquatus uniformis]] | Herpestes semitorquatus uniformis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes semitorquatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2227 | [[:d:Q24266216|Q24266216]] | [[Lutra maculicollis]] | Lutra maculicollis | 1 | | [[File:Spotted-necked otter 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2228 | [[:d:Q61885243|Q61885243]] | [[Lutra canadensis]] | Lutra canadensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2229 | [[:d:Q109647346|Q109647346]] | [[Lutra piscinaria]] | Lutra piscinaria | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2230 | [[:d:Q122889511|Q122889511]] | [[Lutra capensis]] | Lutra capensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2231 | [[:d:Q123080462|Q123080462]] | [[Lutra trinacriae]] | Lutra trinacriae | 1 | | [[File:Lutra trinacriae.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2232 | [[:d:Q124036776|Q124036776]] | [[Lutra palaeoleptonyx]] | Lutra palaeoleptonyx | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2233 | [[:d:Q124036877|Q124036877]] | [[Lutra lybica]] | Lutra lybica | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2234 | [[:d:Q124036883|Q124036883]] | [[Lutra licenti]] | Lutra licenti | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2235 | [[:d:Q124036908|Q124036908]] | [[Lutra fatimazohrae]] | Lutra fatimazohrae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2236 | [[:d:Q124036923|Q124036923]] | [[Lutra bressana]] | Lutra bressana | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2237 | [[:d:Q124036933|Q124036933]] | [[Lutra bravardi]] | Lutra bravardi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2238 | [[:d:Q124036937|Q124036937]] | [[Lutra affinis]] | Lutra affinis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2239 | [[:d:Q124039976|Q124039976]] | [[Lutra hessica]] | Lutra hessica | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2240 | [[:d:Q132457290|Q132457290]] | [[Lutra hearsti]] | Lutra hearsti | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2241 | [[:d:Q138589738|Q138589738]] | [[Aonyx]] | Aonyx | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2242 | [[:d:Q138589739|Q138589739]] | [[Amblonyx]] | Amblonyx | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2243 | [[:d:Q138589741|Q138589741]] | [[Lutra]] | Lutra | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2244 | [[:d:Q5703259|Q5703259]] | [[Arctophoca australis australis]] | Arctophoca australis australis | 1 | | [[File:Arctophoca australis australis (3).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctocephalus australis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2245 | [[:d:Q20907293|Q20907293]] | [[Nandinia binotata arborea]] | Nandinia binotata arborea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[civetta de palma african]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2246 | [[:d:Q20907295|Q20907295]] | [[Nandinia binotata gerrardi]] | Nandinia binotata gerrardi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[civetta de palma african]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2247 | [[:d:Q20907296|Q20907296]] | [[Nandinia binotata intensa]] | Nandinia binotata intensa | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[civetta de palma african]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2248 | [[:d:Q20907317|Q20907317]] | [[Cynictis penicillata penicillata]] | Cynictis penicillata penicillata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2249 | [[:d:Q20907318|Q20907318]] | [[Cynictis penicillata bechuanae]] | Cynictis penicillata bechuanae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2250 | [[:d:Q20907319|Q20907319]] | [[Cynictis penicillata brachyura]] | Cynictis penicillata brachyura | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2251 | [[:d:Q20907324|Q20907324]] | [[Cynictis penicillata cinderella]] | Cynictis penicillata cinderella | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2252 | [[:d:Q20907326|Q20907326]] | [[Cynictis penicillata coombsi]] | Cynictis penicillata coombsi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2253 | [[:d:Q20907328|Q20907328]] | [[Cynictis penicillata intensa]] | Cynictis penicillata intensa | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2254 | [[:d:Q20907329|Q20907329]] | [[Cynictis penicillata kalaharica]] | Cynictis penicillata kalaharica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2255 | [[:d:Q20907330|Q20907330]] | [[Cynictis penicillata karasensis]] | Cynictis penicillata karasensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2256 | [[:d:Q20907332|Q20907332]] | [[Cynictis penicillata lepturus]] | Cynictis penicillata lepturus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2257 | [[:d:Q20907333|Q20907333]] | [[Cynictis penicillata ogilbyii]] | Cynictis penicillata ogilbyii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2258 | [[:d:Q20907334|Q20907334]] | [[Cynictis penicillata pallidior]] | Cynictis penicillata pallidior | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynictis penicillata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2259 | [[:d:Q20907350|Q20907350]] | [[Galerella sanguinea sanguinea]] | Galerella sanguinea sanguinea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2260 | [[:d:Q20907352|Q20907352]] | [[Galerella sanguinea canus]] | Galerella sanguinea canus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2261 | [[:d:Q20907353|Q20907353]] | [[Galerella sanguinea cauui]] | Galerella sanguinea cauui | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2262 | [[:d:Q20907354|Q20907354]] | [[Galerella sanguinea dasilvai]] | Galerella sanguinea dasilvai | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2263 | [[:d:Q20907355|Q20907355]] | [[Galerella sanguinea dentifer]] | Galerella sanguinea dentifer | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2264 | [[:d:Q20907356|Q20907356]] | [[Galerella sanguinea fulvidior]] | Galerella sanguinea fulvidior | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2265 | [[:d:Q20907357|Q20907357]] | [[Galerella sanguinea galbus]] | Galerella sanguinea galbus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2266 | [[:d:Q20907358|Q20907358]] | [[Galerella sanguinea gracilis]] | Galerella sanguinea gracilis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2267 | [[:d:Q20907359|Q20907359]] | [[Galerella sanguinea grantii]] | Galerella sanguinea grantii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2268 | [[:d:Q20907361|Q20907361]] | [[Galerella sanguinea ibeae]] | Galerella sanguinea ibeae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2269 | [[:d:Q20907364|Q20907364]] | [[Galerella sanguinea ignitus]] | Galerella sanguinea ignitus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2270 | [[:d:Q20907367|Q20907367]] | [[Galerella sanguinea lancasteri]] | Galerella sanguinea lancasteri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2271 | [[:d:Q20907369|Q20907369]] | [[Galerella sanguinea melanura]] | Galerella sanguinea melanura | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2272 | [[:d:Q20907372|Q20907372]] | [[Galerella sanguinea mossambica]] | Galerella sanguinea mossambica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2273 | [[:d:Q20907374|Q20907374]] | [[Galerella sanguinea mustela]] | Galerella sanguinea mustela | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2274 | [[:d:Q20907375|Q20907375]] | [[Galerella sanguinea mutgigella]] | Galerella sanguinea mutgigella | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2275 | [[:d:Q20907377|Q20907377]] | [[Galerella sanguinea orestes]] | Galerella sanguinea orestes | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2276 | [[:d:Q20907378|Q20907378]] | [[Galerella sanguinea parvipes]] | Galerella sanguinea parvipes | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2277 | [[:d:Q20907380|Q20907380]] | [[Galerella sanguinea perfulvidus]] | Galerella sanguinea perfulvidus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2278 | [[:d:Q20907382|Q20907382]] | [[Galerella sanguinea phoenicurus]] | Galerella sanguinea phoenicurus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2279 | [[:d:Q20907383|Q20907383]] | [[Galerella sanguinea proteus]] | Galerella sanguinea proteus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2280 | [[:d:Q20907384|Q20907384]] | [[Galerella sanguinea rendilis]] | Galerella sanguinea rendilis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2281 | [[:d:Q20907385|Q20907385]] | [[Galerella sanguinea saharae]] | Galerella sanguinea saharae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2282 | [[:d:Q20907386|Q20907386]] | [[Galerella sanguinea swinnyi]] | Galerella sanguinea swinnyi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2283 | [[:d:Q20907387|Q20907387]] | [[Galerella sanguinea ugandae]] | Galerella sanguinea ugandae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella sanguinea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2284 | [[:d:Q20907412|Q20907412]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon ichneumon]] | Herpestes ichneumon ichneumon | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2285 | [[:d:Q20907413|Q20907413]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon angolensis]] | Herpestes ichneumon angolensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2286 | [[:d:Q20907414|Q20907414]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon cafra]] | Herpestes ichneumon cafra | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2287 | [[:d:Q20907415|Q20907415]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon centralis]] | Herpestes ichneumon centralis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2288 | [[:d:Q20907416|Q20907416]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon funestus]] | Herpestes ichneumon funestus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2289 | [[:d:Q20907417|Q20907417]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon mababiensis]] | Herpestes ichneumon mababiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2290 | [[:d:Q20907418|Q20907418]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon numidicus]] | Herpestes ichneumon numidicus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2291 | [[:d:Q20907419|Q20907419]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon parvidens]] | Herpestes ichneumon parvidens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2292 | [[:d:Q20907420|Q20907420]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon sabiensis]] | Herpestes ichneumon sabiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2293 | [[:d:Q20907421|Q20907421]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon sangronizi]] | Herpestes ichneumon sangronizi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2294 | [[:d:Q20907422|Q20907422]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon widdringtonii]] | Herpestes ichneumon widdringtonii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2295 | [[:d:Q20907423|Q20907423]] | [[Herpestes javanicus javanicus]] | Herpestes javanicus javanicus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2296 | [[:d:Q20907424|Q20907424]] | [[Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus]] | Herpestes javanicus auropunctatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2297 | [[:d:Q20907425|Q20907425]] | [[Herpestes javanicus exilis]] | Herpestes javanicus exilis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2298 | [[:d:Q20907428|Q20907428]] | [[Herpestes javanicus orientalis]] | Herpestes javanicus orientalis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2299 | [[:d:Q20907429|Q20907429]] | [[Herpestes javanicus pallipes]] | Herpestes javanicus pallipes | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2300 | [[:d:Q20907430|Q20907430]] | [[Herpestes javanicus peninsulae]] | Herpestes javanicus peninsulae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2301 | [[:d:Q20907431|Q20907431]] | [[Herpestes javanicus perakensis]] | Herpestes javanicus perakensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2302 | [[:d:Q20907432|Q20907432]] | [[Herpestes javanicus rafflesii]] | Herpestes javanicus rafflesii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2303 | [[:d:Q20907433|Q20907433]] | [[Herpestes javanicus rubrifrons]] | Herpestes javanicus rubrifrons | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2304 | [[:d:Q20907434|Q20907434]] | [[Herpestes javanicus siamensis]] | Herpestes javanicus siamensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2305 | [[:d:Q20907435|Q20907435]] | [[Herpestes javanicus tjerapai]] | Herpestes javanicus tjerapai | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes javanicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2306 | [[:d:Q20907447|Q20907447]] | [[Herpestes vitticollis vitticollis]] | Herpestes vitticollis vitticollis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes vitticollis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2307 | [[:d:Q20907448|Q20907448]] | [[Herpestes vitticollis inornatus]] | Herpestes vitticollis inornatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes vitticollis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2308 | [[:d:Q20907929|Q20907929]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus amazonicus]] | Conepatus semistriatus amazonicus | 1 | | [[File:Conepatus amazonicus - ....Christopher Borges.... - 533154117.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2309 | [[:d:Q20916509|Q20916509]] | [[Herpestes edwardsi edwardsi]] | Herpestes edwardsi edwardsi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes edwardsi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2310 | [[:d:Q20916511|Q20916511]] | [[Herpestes edwardsi ferrugineus]] | Herpestes edwardsi ferrugineus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes edwardsi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2311 | [[:d:Q20916514|Q20916514]] | [[Herpestes edwardsi lanka]] | Herpestes edwardsi lanka | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes edwardsi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2312 | [[:d:Q20916516|Q20916516]] | [[Herpestes edwardsi montanus]] | Herpestes edwardsi montanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes edwardsi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2313 | [[:d:Q20916518|Q20916518]] | [[Herpestes edwardsi nyula]] | Herpestes edwardsi nyula | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes edwardsi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2314 | [[:d:Q108060418|Q108060418]] | [[Enaliarctos mealsi]] | Enaliarctos mealsi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enaliarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2315 | [[:d:Q135649961|Q135649961]] | [[Conepatus semistriatus elieceri]] | Conepatus semistriatus elieceri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus semistriatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2316 | [[:d:Q696562|Q696562]] | [[Amphicyon major]] | Amphicyon major | 1 | | [[File:Amphicyon major jaw.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2317 | [[:d:Q11910009|Q11910009]] | [[Broiliana]] | Broiliana | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2318 | [[:d:Q19716898|Q19716898]] | [[Stromeriella]] | Stromeriella | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2319 | [[:d:Q20907248|Q20907248]] | [[Genetta servalina servalina]] | Genetta servalina servalina | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta servalina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2320 | [[:d:Q20907249|Q20907249]] | [[Genetta servalina bettoni]] | Genetta servalina bettoni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta servalina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2321 | [[:d:Q20907250|Q20907250]] | [[Genetta servalina lowei]] | Genetta servalina lowei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta servalina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2322 | [[:d:Q20907251|Q20907251]] | [[Genetta servalina schwarzi]] | Genetta servalina schwarzi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta servalina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2323 | [[:d:Q20907252|Q20907252]] | [[Genetta tigrina tigrina]] | Genetta tigrina tigrina | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta tigrina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2324 | [[:d:Q20907253|Q20907253]] | [[Genetta tigrina methi]] | Genetta tigrina methi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Genetta tigrina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2325 | [[:d:Q20907255|Q20907255]] | [[Poiana richardsonii richardsonii]] | Poiana richardsonii richardsonii | 1 | | | [[taxon]]<br/>[[recombination]] | | [[Poiana richardsonii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2326 | [[:d:Q20907257|Q20907257]] | [[Poiana richardsonii ochracea]] | Poiana richardsonii ochracea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Poiana richardsonii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2327 | [[:d:Q21357705|Q21357705]] | [[Mungos minutus]] | Mungos minutus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2328 | [[:d:Q21418779|Q21418779]] | [[Bassariscinae]] | Bassariscinae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2329 | [[:d:Q28549487|Q28549487]] | [[Bassaricyonoides]] | Bassaricyonoides | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2330 | [[:d:Q55350625|Q55350625]] | [[Amphicyon giganteus]] | Amphicyon giganteus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2331 | [[:d:Q55518697|Q55518697]] | [[Amphicyon galushai]] | Amphicyon galushai | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2332 | [[:d:Q55593487|Q55593487]] | [[Amphicyon frendens]] | Amphicyon frendens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2333 | [[:d:Q55593524|Q55593524]] | [[Amphicyon palaeindicus]] | Amphicyon palaeindicus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2334 | [[:d:Q55593573|Q55593573]] | [[Amphicyon lydekkeri]] | Amphicyon lydekkeri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Amphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2335 | [[:d:Q105722164|Q105722164]] | [[Parahyaenodon]] | Parahyaenodon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2336 | [[:d:Q123471619|Q123471619]] | [[Angustictis]] | Angustictis | 1 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2337 | [[:d:Q131406234|Q131406234]] | [[Mustela stromeri]] | Mustela stromeri | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2338 | [[:d:Q133042723|Q133042723]] | [[Tetraprothomo]] | Tetraprothomo | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2339 | [[:d:Q136655585|Q136655585]] | [[Protoprocyon]] | Protoprocyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2340 | [[:d:Q136655692|Q136655692]] | [[Parapotos]] | Parapotos | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2341 | [[:d:Q141267957|Q141267957]] | [[Mustela leporinum]] | Mustela leporinum | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2342 | [[:d:Q141366979|Q141366979]] | [[Cryptoprocta bevatabe]] | Cryptoprocta bevatabe | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cryptoprocta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2343 | [[:d:Q3363349|Q3363349]] | [[Paradoxurus niger]] | Paradoxurus niger | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2344 | [[:d:Q20907297|Q20907297]] | [[Atilax paludinosus paludinosus]] | Atilax paludinosus paludinosus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2345 | [[:d:Q20907299|Q20907299]] | [[Atilax paludinosus macrodon]] | Atilax paludinosus macrodon | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2346 | [[:d:Q20907300|Q20907300]] | [[Atilax paludinosus mitis]] | Atilax paludinosus mitis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2347 | [[:d:Q20907301|Q20907301]] | [[Atilax paludinosus mordax]] | Atilax paludinosus mordax | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2348 | [[:d:Q20907302|Q20907302]] | [[Atilax paludinosus nigerianus]] | Atilax paludinosus nigerianus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2349 | [[:d:Q20907304|Q20907304]] | [[Atilax paludinosus pluto]] | Atilax paludinosus pluto | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2350 | [[:d:Q20907305|Q20907305]] | [[Atilax paludinosus robustus]] | Atilax paludinosus robustus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2351 | [[:d:Q20907306|Q20907306]] | [[Atilax paludinosus rubellus]] | Atilax paludinosus rubellus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2352 | [[:d:Q20907307|Q20907307]] | [[Atilax paludinosus rubescens]] | Atilax paludinosus rubescens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2353 | [[:d:Q20907308|Q20907308]] | [[Atilax paludinosus spadiceus]] | Atilax paludinosus spadiceus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2354 | [[:d:Q20907309|Q20907309]] | [[Atilax paludinosus transvaalensis]] | Atilax paludinosus transvaalensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Atilax paludinosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2355 | [[:d:Q20907400|Q20907400]] | [[Herpestes brachyurus brachyurus]] | Herpestes brachyurus brachyurus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[short-tailed mongoose]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2356 | [[:d:Q20907403|Q20907403]] | [[Herpestes brachyurus javanensis]] | Herpestes brachyurus javanensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[short-tailed mongoose]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2357 | [[:d:Q20907404|Q20907404]] | [[Herpestes brachyurus palawanus]] | Herpestes brachyurus palawanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[short-tailed mongoose]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2358 | [[:d:Q20907441|Q20907441]] | [[Herpestes urva urva]] | Herpestes urva urva | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2359 | [[:d:Q20907442|Q20907442]] | [[Herpestes urva annamensis]] | Herpestes urva annamensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2360 | [[:d:Q20907444|Q20907444]] | [[Herpestes urva formosanus]] | Herpestes urva formosanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2361 | [[:d:Q20907445|Q20907445]] | [[Herpestes urva sinensis]] | Herpestes urva sinensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2362 | [[:d:Q20907449|Q20907449]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda albicauda]] | Ichneumia albicauda albicauda | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2363 | [[:d:Q20907450|Q20907450]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda dialeucos]] | Ichneumia albicauda dialeucos | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2364 | [[:d:Q20907451|Q20907451]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda grandis]] | Ichneumia albicauda grandis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2365 | [[:d:Q20907452|Q20907452]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda haagneri]] | Ichneumia albicauda haagneri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2366 | [[:d:Q20907453|Q20907453]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda ibeanus]] | Ichneumia albicauda ibeanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2367 | [[:d:Q20907454|Q20907454]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda loandae]] | Ichneumia albicauda loandae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2368 | [[:d:Q20907455|Q20907455]] | [[Ichneumia albicauda loempo]] | Ichneumia albicauda loempo | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ichneumia albicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2369 | [[:d:Q20907473|Q20907473]] | [[Paracynictis selousi selousi]] | Paracynictis selousi selousi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paracynictis selousi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2370 | [[:d:Q20907474|Q20907474]] | [[Paracynictis selousi bechuanae]] | Paracynictis selousi bechuanae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paracynictis selousi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2371 | [[:d:Q20907475|Q20907475]] | [[Paracynictis selousi ngamiensis]] | Paracynictis selousi ngamiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paracynictis selousi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2372 | [[:d:Q20907476|Q20907476]] | [[Paracynictis selousi sengaani]] | Paracynictis selousi sengaani | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paracynictis selousi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2373 | [[:d:Q41086461|Q41086461]] | [[Paradoxurus macrodus]] | Paradoxurus macrodus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2374 | [[:d:Q65144472|Q65144472]] | [[Amphictinae]] | Amphictinae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2375 | [[:d:Q3143618|Q3143618]] | [[Hyaena perrieri]] | Hyaena perrieri | 1 | | [[File:Paleozoological exhibition, 2009, in the Gravensteen, Zierikzee 08.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2376 | [[:d:Q20907310|Q20907310]] | [[Bdeogale crassicauda crassicauda]] | Bdeogale crassicauda crassicauda | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale crassicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2377 | [[:d:Q20907311|Q20907311]] | [[Bdeogale crassicauda nigrescens]] | Bdeogale crassicauda nigrescens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale crassicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2378 | [[:d:Q20907312|Q20907312]] | [[Bdeogale crassicauda omnivora]] | Bdeogale crassicauda omnivora | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale crassicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2379 | [[:d:Q20907313|Q20907313]] | [[Bdeogale crassicauda puisa]] | Bdeogale crassicauda puisa | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale crassicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2380 | [[:d:Q20907314|Q20907314]] | [[Bdeogale crassicauda tenuis]] | Bdeogale crassicauda tenuis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bdeogale crassicauda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2381 | [[:d:Q20907344|Q20907344]] | [[Galerella pulverulenta pulverulenta]] | Galerella pulverulenta pulverulenta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella pulverulenta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2382 | [[:d:Q20907347|Q20907347]] | [[Galerella pulverulenta basuticus]] | Galerella pulverulenta basuticus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella pulverulenta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2383 | [[:d:Q20907349|Q20907349]] | [[Galerella pulverulenta ruddi]] | Galerella pulverulenta ruddi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella pulverulenta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2384 | [[:d:Q20907405|Q20907405]] | [[Herpestes brachyurus parvus]] | Herpestes brachyurus parvus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[short-tailed mongoose]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2385 | [[:d:Q20907406|Q20907406]] | [[Herpestes brachyurus sumatrius]] | Herpestes brachyurus sumatrius | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[short-tailed mongoose]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2386 | [[:d:Q20907407|Q20907407]] | [[Herpestes fuscus fuscus]] | Herpestes fuscus fuscus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes fuscus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2387 | [[:d:Q20907408|Q20907408]] | [[Herpestes fuscus flavidens]] | Herpestes fuscus flavidens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes fuscus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2388 | [[:d:Q20907409|Q20907409]] | [[Herpestes fuscus maccarthiae]] | Herpestes fuscus maccarthiae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes fuscus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2389 | [[:d:Q20907410|Q20907410]] | [[Herpestes fuscus rubidior]] | Herpestes fuscus rubidior | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes fuscus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2390 | [[:d:Q20907411|Q20907411]] | [[Herpestes fuscus siccatus]] | Herpestes fuscus siccatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes fuscus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2391 | [[:d:Q20907477|Q20907477]] | [[Rhynchogale melleri melleri]] | Rhynchogale melleri melleri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Rhynchogale melleri]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2392 | [[:d:Q20907478|Q20907478]] | [[Rhynchogale melleri langi]] | Rhynchogale melleri langi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Rhynchogale melleri]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2393 | [[:d:Q21360327|Q21360327]] | [[Cynodictis elegans]] | Cynodictis elegans | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynodictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2394 | [[:d:Q125569584|Q125569584]] | [[Meles thorali]] | Meles thorali | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2395 | [[:d:Q132731439|Q132731439]] | [[Meles magnus]] | Meles magnus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2396 | [[:d:Q5782647|Q5782647]] | [[Conepatus castaneus castaneus]] | Conepatus castaneus castaneus | 1 | | [[File:Conepatus humboldtii 1847.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus castaneus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2397 | [[:d:Q5782649|Q5782649]] | [[Conepatus castaneus proteus]] | Conepatus castaneus proteus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus castaneus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2398 | [[:d:Q6427870|Q6427870]] | [[Kolponomos newportensis]] | Kolponomos newportensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Kolponomos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2399 | [[:d:Q18479382|Q18479382]] | [[Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes]] | Conepatus mesoleucus telmalestes | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Conepatus mesoleucus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2400 | [[:d:Q20907335|Q20907335]] | [[Galerella ochracea ochracea]] | Galerella ochracea ochracea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella ochracea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2401 | [[:d:Q20907336|Q20907336]] | [[Galerella ochracea bocagei]] | Galerella ochracea bocagei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella ochracea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2402 | [[:d:Q20907338|Q20907338]] | [[Galerella ochracea fulvidior]] | Galerella ochracea fulvidior | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella ochracea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2403 | [[:d:Q20907342|Q20907342]] | [[Galerella ochracea perfulvidus]] | Galerella ochracea perfulvidus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galerella ochracea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2404 | [[:d:Q20907438|Q20907438]] | [[Herpestes smithii smithii]] | Herpestes smithii smithii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes smithii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2405 | [[:d:Q20907439|Q20907439]] | [[Herpestes smithii thysanurus]] | Herpestes smithii thysanurus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes smithii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2406 | [[:d:Q20907440|Q20907440]] | [[Herpestes smithii zeylanius]] | Herpestes smithii zeylanius | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes smithii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2407 | [[:d:Q55621237|Q55621237]] | [[Lontra weiri]] | Lontra weiri | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lontra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2408 | [[:d:Q108872622|Q108872622]] | [[Allodesmus kernensis]] | Allodesmus kernensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Allodesmus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2409 | [[:d:Q108872886|Q108872886]] | [[Allodesmus naorai]] | Allodesmus naorai | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Allodesmus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2410 | [[:d:Q112796039|Q112796039]] | [[Allodesmus sinanoensis]] | Allodesmus sinanoensis | 1 | | [[File:Allodesmus sinanoensis 『Eumetopias sinanoensis』1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Allodesmus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2411 | [[:d:Q115597690|Q115597690]] | [[Adilophontes brachykolos]] | Adilophontes brachykolos | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Adilophontes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2412 | [[:d:Q115607206|Q115607206]] | [[Daphoenictis tedfordi]] | Daphoenictis tedfordi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Daphoenictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2413 | [[:d:Q115607436|Q115607436]] | [[Euroamphicyon olisiponensis]] | Euroamphicyon olisiponensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Euroamphicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2414 | [[:d:Q115619198|Q115619198]] | [[Pseudarctos bavaricus]] | Pseudarctos bavaricus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pseudarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2415 | [[:d:Q124036227|Q124036227]] | [[Enhydra reevei]] | Enhydra reevei | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enhydra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2416 | [[:d:Q134499808|Q134499808]] | [[Viverra zeylonensis]] | Viverra zeylonensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2417 | [[:d:Q136815570|Q136815570]] | [[Parahyaena howelli]] | Parahyaena howelli | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Parahyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2418 | [[:d:Q6652290|Q6652290]] | [[Cynogale lowei]] | Cynogale lowei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2419 | [[:d:Q7841789|Q7841789]] | [[Trigonitis macrodon]] | Trigonictis macrodon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Trigonictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2420 | [[:d:Q20718776|Q20718776]] | [[Monotherium delognii]] | Monotherium delognii | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Monotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2421 | [[:d:Q21237227|Q21237227]] | [[Arctomeles dimolodontus]] | Arctomeles dimolodontus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctomeles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2422 | [[:d:Q29578874|Q29578874]] | [[Megalenhydris]] | Megalenhydris | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2423 | [[:d:Q125026524|Q125026524]] | [[Gulo schlosseri]] | Gulo schlosseri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Gulo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2424 | [[:d:Q125226254|Q125226254]] | [[Proteles septentrionalis]] | Proteles septentrionalis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Proteles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2425 | [[:d:Q126811409|Q126811409]] | [[Proteles transvaalensis]] | Proteles transvaalensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Proteles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2426 | [[:d:Q126817535|Q126817535]] | [[Civettictis howelli]] | Civettictis howelli | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Civettictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2427 | [[:d:Q131451924|Q131451924]] | [[Hydrictis gudho]] | Hydrictis gudho | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hydrictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2428 | [[:d:Q133865750|Q133865750]] | [[Limnonyx]] | Limnonyx | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutrini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2429 | [[:d:Q4389469|Q4389469]] | [[Lutra lutra whiteleyi]] | Lutra lutra whiteleyi | 1 | | [[File:Japanese otter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2430 | [[:d:Q11290156|Q11290156]] | [[Mustela erminea orientalis]] | Mustela erminea orientalis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela erminea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2431 | [[:d:Q20907188|Q20907188]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus hermaphroditus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus hermaphroditus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2432 | [[:d:Q20907189|Q20907189]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus balicus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus balicus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2433 | [[:d:Q20907190|Q20907190]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus bondar]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus bondar | 1 | | [[File:Paradoxurus hermaphroditus bondar Hardwicke.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2434 | [[:d:Q20907191|Q20907191]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus canescens]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus canescens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2435 | [[:d:Q20907192|Q20907192]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus canus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus canus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2436 | [[:d:Q20907193|Q20907193]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus cochinensis]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus cochinensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2437 | [[:d:Q20907194|Q20907194]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus dongfangensis]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus dongfangensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2438 | [[:d:Q20907195|Q20907195]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus enganus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus enganus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2439 | [[:d:Q20907196|Q20907196]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus exitus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus exitus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2440 | [[:d:Q20907197|Q20907197]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus javanica]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus javanica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2441 | [[:d:Q20907198|Q20907198]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus kangeanus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus kangeanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2442 | [[:d:Q20907199|Q20907199]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus laotum]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus laotum | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2443 | [[:d:Q20907200|Q20907200]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus lignicolor]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus lignicolor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2444 | [[:d:Q20907201|Q20907201]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus milleri]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus milleri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2445 | [[:d:Q20907202|Q20907202]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus minor]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus minor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2446 | [[:d:Q20907203|Q20907203]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus musanga]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus musanga | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2447 | [[:d:Q20907204|Q20907204]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus nictitans]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus nictitans | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2448 | [[:d:Q20907205|Q20907205]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pallasii]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pallasii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2449 | [[:d:Q20907206|Q20907206]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pallens]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pallens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2450 | [[:d:Q20907207|Q20907207]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus parvus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus parvus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2451 | [[:d:Q20907208|Q20907208]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus philippinensis]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus philippinensis | 1 | | [[File:Paradoxurus hermaphroditus philippensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2452 | [[:d:Q20907209|Q20907209]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pugnax]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pugnax | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2453 | [[:d:Q20907211|Q20907211]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pulcher]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus pulcher | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2454 | [[:d:Q20907213|Q20907213]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus sacer]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus sacer | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2455 | [[:d:Q20907214|Q20907214]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus scindiae]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus scindiae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2456 | [[:d:Q20907215|Q20907215]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus senex]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus senex | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2457 | [[:d:Q20907217|Q20907217]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus setosus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus setosus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2458 | [[:d:Q20907218|Q20907218]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus simplex]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus simplex | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2459 | [[:d:Q20907219|Q20907219]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus sumbanus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus sumbanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2460 | [[:d:Q20907222|Q20907222]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus vellerosus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus vellerosus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2461 | [[:d:Q20907456|Q20907456]] | [[Mungos mungo mungo]] | Mungos mungo mungo | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2462 | [[:d:Q20907457|Q20907457]] | [[Mungos mungo adailensis]] | Mungos mungo adailensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2463 | [[:d:Q20907458|Q20907458]] | [[Mungos mungo bororensis]] | Mungos mungo bororensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2464 | [[:d:Q20907459|Q20907459]] | [[Mungos mungo caurinus]] | Mungos mungo caurinus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2465 | [[:d:Q20907460|Q20907460]] | [[Mungos mungo colonus]] | Mungos mungo colonus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2466 | [[:d:Q20907461|Q20907461]] | [[Mungos mungo grisonax]] | Mungos mungo grisonax | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2467 | [[:d:Q20907462|Q20907462]] | [[Mungos mungo mandjarum]] | Mungos mungo mandjarum | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2468 | [[:d:Q20907463|Q20907463]] | [[Mungos mungo marcrurus]] | Mungos mungo macrurus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2469 | [[:d:Q20907464|Q20907464]] | [[Mungos mungo ngamiensis]] | Mungos mungo ngamiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2470 | [[:d:Q20907465|Q20907465]] | [[Mungos mungo pallidipes]] | Mungos mungo pallidipes | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2471 | [[:d:Q20907466|Q20907466]] | [[Mungos mungo rossi]] | Mungos mungo rossi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2472 | [[:d:Q20907468|Q20907468]] | [[Mungos mungo senescens]] | Mungos mungo senescens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2473 | [[:d:Q20907469|Q20907469]] | [[Mungos mungo somalicus]] | Mungos mungo somalicus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2474 | [[:d:Q20907470|Q20907470]] | [[Mungos mungo talboti]] | Mungos mungo talboti | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2475 | [[:d:Q20907471|Q20907471]] | [[Mungos mungo zebra]] | Mungos mungo zebra | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2476 | [[:d:Q20907472|Q20907472]] | [[Mungos mungo zebroides]] | Mungos mungo zebroides | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungos mungo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2477 | [[:d:Q41163124|Q41163124]] | [[Callophoca obscura]] | Callophoca obscura | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Callophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2478 | [[:d:Q41167209|Q41167209]] | [[Platyphoca vulgaris]] | Platyphoca vulgaris | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Platyphoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2479 | [[:d:Q55348097|Q55348097]] | [[Howellictis valentini]] | Howellictis valentini | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Howellictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2480 | [[:d:Q60840033|Q60840033]] | [[Paralutra garganensis]] | Paralutra garganensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Paralutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2481 | [[:d:Q97290828|Q97290828]] | [[Lutraeximia umbra]] | Lutraeximia umbra | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lutraeximia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2482 | [[:d:Q99217642|Q99217642]] | [[Urva semitorquata]] | Urva semitorquata | 1 | | [[File:Herpestes semitorquatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2483 | [[:d:Q101765792|Q101765792]] | [[Eomonachus]] | Eomonachus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Monachini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2484 | [[:d:Q115607913|Q115607913]] | [[Guangxicyon sinoamericanus]] | Guangxicyon sinoamericanus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Guangxicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2485 | [[:d:Q115607931|Q115607931]] | [[Goupilictis minor]] | Goupilictis minor | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Goupilictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2486 | [[:d:Q123913995|Q123913995]] | [[Urva urva]] | Urva urva | 1 | | [[File:Urva urva 77938111.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2487 | [[:d:Q126718606|Q126718606]] | [[Devinophoca emryi]] | Devinophoca emryi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Devinophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2488 | [[:d:Q126718837|Q126718837]] | [[Devinophoca claytoni]] | Devinophoca claytoni | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Devinophoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2489 | [[:d:Q131624490|Q131624490]] | [[Vishnuictis durandi]] | Vishnuictis durandi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2490 | [[:d:Q131787805|Q131787805]] | [[Vishnuictis salmontanus]] | Vishnuictis salmontanus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2491 | [[:d:Q131808847|Q131808847]] | [[Vishnuictis hariensis]] | Vishnuictis hariensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2492 | [[:d:Q131824716|Q131824716]] | [[Vishnuictis chinjiensis]] | Vishnuictis chinjiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2493 | [[:d:Q131824739|Q131824739]] | [[Vishnuictis africana]] | Vishnuictis africana | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2494 | [[:d:Q131905086|Q131905086]] | [[Saketoteron tatroinse]] | Saketoteron tatroinse | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Saketoteron]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2495 | [[:d:Q136746071|Q136746071]] | [[Martellictis]] | Martellictis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Galictini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2496 | [[:d:Q137210550|Q137210550]] | [[Vishnuictis hasnoti]] | Vishnuictis hasnoti | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2497 | [[:d:Q137210673|Q137210673]] | [[Vishnuictis plectilodous]] | Vishnuictis plectilodous | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vishnuictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2498 | [[:d:Q138835710|Q138835710]] | [[Laphictis mustelinus]] | Laphictis mustelinus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Laphictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2499 | [[:d:Q141197939|Q141197939]] | [[Namibictis senuti]] | Namibictis senuti | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Namibictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2500 | [[:d:Q141198148|Q141198148]] | [[Iberictis azanzae]] | Iberictis azanzae | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Iberictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2501 | [[:d:Q141198525|Q141198525]] | [[Brachyopsigale dubia]] | Brachyopsigale dubia | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Brachyopsigale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2502 | [[:d:Q141200692|Q141200692]] | [[Dehmictis vorax]] | Dehmictis vorax | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Dehmictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2503 | [[:d:Q5399006|Q5399006]] | [[Protocyon scagliorum]] | Protocyon scagliorum | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Protocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2504 | [[:d:Q6088658|Q6088658]] | [[Protocyon tarijensis]] | Protocyon tarijensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Protocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2505 | [[:d:Q6088661|Q6088661]] | [[Protocyon troglodytes]] | Protocyon troglodytes | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Protocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2506 | [[:d:Q20907480|Q20907480]] | [[Suricata suricatta iona]] | Suricata suricatta iona | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Suricata suricatta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2507 | [[:d:Q20907481|Q20907481]] | [[Suricata suricatta marjoriae]] | Suricata suricatta marjoriae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Suricata suricatta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2508 | [[:d:Q21360683|Q21360683]] | [[Leptocyon douglassi]] | Leptocyon douglassi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Leptocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2509 | [[:d:Q21360688|Q21360688]] | [[Leptocyon leidyi]] | Leptocyon leidyi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Leptocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2510 | [[:d:Q21360693|Q21360693]] | [[Leptocyon matthewi]] | Leptocyon matthewi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Leptocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2511 | [[:d:Q21360698|Q21360698]] | [[Leptocyon tejonensis]] | Leptocyon tejonensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Leptocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2512 | [[:d:Q27150056|Q27150056]] | [[Pseudaelurus turnauensis]] | Pseudaelurus turnauensis | 1 | | [[File:(MHNT) Pseudaelurus turnauensis (Hoernes, 1882) - Hémimandibule gauche.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pseudaelurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2513 | [[:d:Q111039026|Q111039026]] | [[Barbourofelis morrisi]] | Barbourofelis morrisi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2514 | [[:d:Q111039508|Q111039508]] | [[Barbourofelis piveteaui]] | Barbourofelis piveteaui | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2515 | [[:d:Q111040147|Q111040147]] | [[Barbourofelis whitfordi]] | Barbourofelis whitfordi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Barbourofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2516 | [[:d:Q118645088|Q118645088]] | [[Barbourofelis loveorum]] | Barbourofelis loveorum | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Barbourofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2517 | [[:d:Q126896083|Q126896083]] | [[Lycalopex cultridens]] | Lycalopex cultridens | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2518 | [[:d:Q133861149|Q133861149]] | [[Poecilictis libyca oralis]] | Poecilictis libyca oralis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ictonyx libyca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2519 | [[:d:Q16689175|Q16689175]] | [[Vulpes praeglacialis]] | Vulpes praeglacialis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2520 | [[:d:Q20907145|Q20907145]] | [[Arctictis binturong binturong]] | Arctictis binturong binturong | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis binturong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2521 | [[:d:Q20907146|Q20907146]] | [[Arctictis binturong albifrons]] | Arctictis binturong albifrons | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis binturong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2522 | [[:d:Q20907147|Q20907147]] | [[Arctictis binturong kerkhoveni]] | Arctictis binturong kerkhoveni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis binturong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2523 | [[:d:Q20907148|Q20907148]] | [[Arctictis binturong menglaensis]] | Arctictis binturong menglaensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis binturong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2524 | [[:d:Q20907149|Q20907149]] | [[Arctictis binturong penicillatus]] | Arctictis binturong penicillatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis binturong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2525 | [[:d:Q20907281|Q20907281]] | [[Eupleres goudotii goudotii]] | Eupleres goudotii goudotii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eupleres goudotii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2526 | [[:d:Q20907283|Q20907283]] | [[Eupleres goudotii major]] | Eupleres goudotii major | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Eupleres goudotii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2527 | [[:d:Q20907290|Q20907290]] | [[Mungotictis decemlineata decemlineata]] | Mungotictis decemlineata decemlineata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungotictis decemlineata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2528 | [[:d:Q20907291|Q20907291]] | [[Mungotictis decemlineata lineatus]] | Mungotictis decemlineata lineatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mungotictis decemlineata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2529 | [[:d:Q121911931|Q121911931]] | [[Vulpes praecorsac]] | Vulpes praecorsac | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2530 | [[:d:Q126857734|Q126857734]] | [[Vulpes stenognathus]] | Vulpes stenognathus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2531 | [[:d:Q126857899|Q126857899]] | [[Vulpes kernensis]] | Vulpes kernensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2532 | [[:d:Q126858238|Q126858238]] | [[Vulpes rooki]] | Vulpes rooki | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2533 | [[:d:Q126858440|Q126858440]] | [[Vulpes angustidens]] | Vulpes angustidens | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2534 | [[:d:Q126858566|Q126858566]] | [[Vulpes chikushanensis]] | Vulpes chikushanensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2535 | [[:d:Q126858675|Q126858675]] | [[Vulpes galaticus]] | Vulpes galaticus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2536 | [[:d:Q126858811|Q126858811]] | [[Vulpes beihaiensis]] | Vulpes beihaiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2537 | [[:d:Q126870810|Q126870810]] | [[Nasua pronarica]] | Nasua pronarica | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2538 | [[:d:Q132337392|Q132337392]] | [[Nasua meridensis]] | Nasua meridensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2539 | [[:d:Q140562249|Q140562249]] | [[Procyon rexroadensis]] | Procyon rexroadensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Procyon (taxon)|Procyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2540 | [[:d:Q19817052|Q19817052]] | [[Uncia]] | Uncia | 1 | | [[File:Uncia uncia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2541 | [[:d:Q20907236|Q20907236]] | [[Civettictis civetta civetta]] | Civettictis civetta civetta | 1 | | [[File:Civettictis civetta 12.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis civetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2542 | [[:d:Q20907237|Q20907237]] | [[Civettictis civetta australis]] | Civettictis civetta australis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis civetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2543 | [[:d:Q20907238|Q20907238]] | [[Civettictis civetta congica]] | Civettictis civetta congica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis civetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2544 | [[:d:Q20907239|Q20907239]] | [[Civettictis civetta pauli]] | Civettictis civetta pauli | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis civetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2545 | [[:d:Q20907240|Q20907240]] | [[Civettictis civetta schwarzi]] | Civettictis civetta schwarzi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis civetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2546 | [[:d:Q20907241|Q20907241]] | [[Civettictis civetta volkmanni]] | Civettictis civetta volkmanni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis civetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2547 | [[:d:Q20907388|Q20907388]] | [[Helogale hirtula hirtula]] | Helogale hirtula hirtula | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale hirtula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2548 | [[:d:Q20907389|Q20907389]] | [[Helogale hirtula ahlselli]] | Helogale hirtula ahlselli | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale hirtula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2549 | [[:d:Q20907390|Q20907390]] | [[Helogale hirtula annulata]] | Helogale hirtula annulata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale hirtula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2550 | [[:d:Q20907391|Q20907391]] | [[Helogale hirtula lutescens]] | Helogale hirtula lutescens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale hirtula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2551 | [[:d:Q20907392|Q20907392]] | [[Helogale hirtula powelli]] | Helogale hirtula powelli | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale hirtula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2552 | [[:d:Q20907906|Q20907906]] | [[Taxidea taxus berlandieri]] | Taxidea taxus berlandieri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea taxus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2553 | [[:d:Q21356760|Q21356760]] | [[Martes americana albeietinoides]] | Martes americana albeietinoides | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes americana]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2554 | [[:d:Q21359274|Q21359274]] | [[Taxidea taxus berlanderi]] | Taxidea taxus berlanderi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea taxus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2555 | [[:d:Q119166409|Q119166409]] | [[Civettictis civetta europaeus]] | Civettictis civetta europaeus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis civetta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2556 | [[:d:Q122602504|Q122602504]] | [[Tigris]] | Tigris | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2557 | [[:d:Q20907150|Q20907150]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata trivirgata]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata trivirgata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2558 | [[:d:Q20907151|Q20907151]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata bancana]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata bancana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2559 | [[:d:Q20907152|Q20907152]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata fusca]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata fusca | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2560 | [[:d:Q20907153|Q20907153]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata inornata]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata inornata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2561 | [[:d:Q20907154|Q20907154]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata leucotis]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata leucotis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2562 | [[:d:Q20907156|Q20907156]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata macra]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata macra | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2563 | [[:d:Q20907157|Q20907157]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata major]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata major | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2564 | [[:d:Q20907158|Q20907158]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata millsi]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata millsi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2565 | [[:d:Q20907160|Q20907160]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata minor]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata minor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2566 | [[:d:Q20907161|Q20907161]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata simplex]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata simplex | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2567 | [[:d:Q20907162|Q20907162]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata stigmaticus]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata stigmaticus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2568 | [[:d:Q20907163|Q20907163]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata sumatrana]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata sumatrana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2569 | [[:d:Q20907164|Q20907164]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata tingia]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata tingia | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2570 | [[:d:Q20907166|Q20907166]] | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata trilineata]] | Arctogalidia trivirgata trilineata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctogalidia trivirgata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2571 | [[:d:Q20907227|Q20907227]] | [[Hemigalus derbyanus derbyanus]] | Hemigalus derbyanus derbyanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Hemigalus derbyanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2572 | [[:d:Q20907228|Q20907228]] | [[Hemigalus derbyanus boiei]] | Hemigalus derbyanus boiei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Hemigalus derbyanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2573 | [[:d:Q20907229|Q20907229]] | [[Hemigalus derbyanus minor]] | Hemigalus derbyanus minor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Hemigalus derbyanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2574 | [[:d:Q20907230|Q20907230]] | [[Hemigalus derbyanus sipora]] | Hemigalus derbyanus sipora | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Hemigalus derbyanus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2575 | [[:d:Q20907231|Q20907231]] | [[Prionodon linsang linsang]] | Prionodon linsang linsang | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodon linsang]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2576 | [[:d:Q20907232|Q20907232]] | [[Prionodon linsang fredericae]] | Prionodon linsang fredericae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodon linsang]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2577 | [[:d:Q20907233|Q20907233]] | [[Prionodon linsang gracilis]] | Prionodon linsang gracilis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodon linsang]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2578 | [[:d:Q20907261|Q20907261]] | [[Viverra zibetha zibetha]] | Viverra zibetha zibetha | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra zibetha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2579 | [[:d:Q20907268|Q20907268]] | [[Viverricula indica indica]] | Viverricula indica indica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2580 | [[:d:Q20907269|Q20907269]] | [[Viverricula indica atchinensis]] | Viverricula indica atchinensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2581 | [[:d:Q20907271|Q20907271]] | [[Viverricula indica baliensis]] | Viverricula indica baliensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2582 | [[:d:Q20907272|Q20907272]] | [[Viverricula indica baptistae]] | Viverricula indica baptistae | 1 | | [[File:Viverricula indica baptistae Hardwicke.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2583 | [[:d:Q20907273|Q20907273]] | [[Viverricula indica deserti]] | Viverricula indica deserti | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2584 | [[:d:Q20907274|Q20907274]] | [[Viverricula indica klossi]] | Viverricula indica klossi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2585 | [[:d:Q20907275|Q20907275]] | [[Viverricula indica mayori]] | Viverricula indica mayori | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2586 | [[:d:Q20907276|Q20907276]] | [[Viverricula indica muriavensis]] | Viverricula indica muriavensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2587 | [[:d:Q20907277|Q20907277]] | [[Viverricula indica pallida]] | Viverricula indica pallida | 1 | | [[File:Viverricula indica pallida Hardwicke.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2588 | [[:d:Q20907278|Q20907278]] | [[Viverricula indica schlegelii]] | Viverricula indica schlegelii | 1 | | [[File:Viverricula indica schlegelii 1868.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2589 | [[:d:Q20907279|Q20907279]] | [[Viverricula indica thai]] | Viverricula indica thai | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2590 | [[:d:Q20907280|Q20907280]] | [[Viverricula indica wellsi]] | Viverricula indica wellsi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula indica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2591 | [[:d:Q20907393|Q20907393]] | [[Helogale parvula parvula]] | Helogale parvula parvula | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale parvula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2592 | [[:d:Q20907394|Q20907394]] | [[Helogale parvula ivori]] | Helogale parvula ivori | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale parvula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2593 | [[:d:Q20907395|Q20907395]] | [[Helogale parvula mimetra]] | Helogale parvula mimetra | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale parvula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2594 | [[:d:Q20907396|Q20907396]] | [[Helogale parvula nero]] | Helogale parvula nero | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale parvula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2595 | [[:d:Q20907397|Q20907397]] | [[Helogale parvula ruficeps]] | Helogale parvula ruficeps | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale parvula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2596 | [[:d:Q20907398|Q20907398]] | [[Helogale parvula undulatus]] | Helogale parvula undulatus | 1 | | [[File:Helogale parvula undulata - Zoo Frankfurt 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale parvula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2597 | [[:d:Q20907399|Q20907399]] | [[Helogale parvula varia]] | Helogale parvula varia | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Helogale parvula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2598 | [[:d:Q124610884|Q124610884]] | [[Urocyon webbi]] | Urocyon webbi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2599 | [[:d:Q124610886|Q124610886]] | [[Urocyon citrinus]] | Urocyon citrinus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2600 | [[:d:Q124610887|Q124610887]] | [[Urocyon seminolensis]] | Urocyon seminolensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2601 | [[:d:Q124610888|Q124610888]] | [[Urocyon minicephalus]] | Urocyon minicephalus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2602 | [[:d:Q124610889|Q124610889]] | [[Urocyon galushai]] | Urocyon galushai | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2603 | [[:d:Q135225872|Q135225872]] | [[Mustela eversmanii beringiae]] | Mustela eversmanii beringiae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela eversmanii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2604 | [[:d:Q20907167|Q20907167]] | [[Paguma larvata larvata]] | Paguma larvata larvata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2605 | [[:d:Q20907168|Q20907168]] | [[Paguma larvata chichingensis]] | Paguma larvata chichingensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2606 | [[:d:Q20907169|Q20907169]] | [[Paguma larvata grayi]] | Paguma larvata grayi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2607 | [[:d:Q20907170|Q20907170]] | [[Paguma larvata hainana]] | Paguma larvata hainana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2608 | [[:d:Q20907172|Q20907172]] | [[Paguma larvata intrudens]] | Paguma larvata intrudens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2609 | [[:d:Q20907173|Q20907173]] | [[Paguma larvata janetta]] | Paguma larvata janetta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2610 | [[:d:Q20907174|Q20907174]] | [[Paguma larvata jourdanii]] | Paguma larvata jourdanii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2611 | [[:d:Q20907175|Q20907175]] | [[Paguma larvata lanigera]] | Paguma larvata lanigera | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2612 | [[:d:Q20907177|Q20907177]] | [[Paguma larvata leucomystax]] | Paguma larvata leucomystax | 1 | | [[File:Paguma larvata leucomystax.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2613 | [[:d:Q20907178|Q20907178]] | [[Paguma larvata neglecta]] | Paguma larvata neglecta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2614 | [[:d:Q20907179|Q20907179]] | [[Paguma larvata nigriceps]] | Paguma larvata nigriceps | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2615 | [[:d:Q20907181|Q20907181]] | [[Paguma larvata ogilbyi]] | Paguma larvata ogilbyi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2616 | [[:d:Q20907182|Q20907182]] | [[Paguma larvata robusta]] | Paguma larvata robusta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2617 | [[:d:Q20907187|Q20907187]] | [[Paguma larvata wroughtoni]] | Paguma larvata wroughtoni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma larvata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2618 | [[:d:Q20907225|Q20907225]] | [[Cynogale bennettii bennettii]] | Cynogale bennettii bennettii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynogale bennettii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2619 | [[:d:Q20907226|Q20907226]] | [[Cynogale bennettii lowei]] | Cynogale bennettii lowei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cynogale bennettii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2620 | [[:d:Q20907284|Q20907284]] | [[Galidia elegans elegans]] | Galidia elegans elegans | 1 | | [[File:Ring-tailed Mongoose (Galidia elegans) (30504192017).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidia elegans]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2621 | [[:d:Q20907285|Q20907285]] | [[Galidia elegans dambrensis]] | Galidia elegans dambrensis | 1 | | [[File:Northern Ring-tailed Mongoose (Galidia elegans dambrensis) (44337443224).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidia elegans]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2622 | [[:d:Q20907286|Q20907286]] | [[Galidia elegans occidentalis]] | Galidia elegans occidentalis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidia elegans]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2623 | [[:d:Q20907315|Q20907315]] | [[Crossarchus ansorgei ansorgei]] | Crossarchus ansorgei ansorgei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Crossarchus ansorgei]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2624 | [[:d:Q20907316|Q20907316]] | [[Crossarchus ansorgei nigricolor]] | Crossarchus ansorgei nigricolor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Crossarchus ansorgei]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2625 | [[:d:Q20907766|Q20907766]] | [[Meles leucurus amurensis]] | Meles leucurus amurensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles leucurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2626 | [[:d:Q20907835|Q20907835]] | [[Mustela frenata nicaraguae]] | Mustela frenata nicaraguae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2627 | [[:d:Q21358523|Q21358523]] | [[Mustela frenata nicaraquae]] | Mustela frenata nicaraquae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela frenata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2628 | [[:d:Q5378831|Q5378831]] | [[Enhydrocyon basilatus]] | Enhydrocyon basilatus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Enhydrocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2629 | [[:d:Q20907223|Q20907223]] | [[Paradoxurus jerdoni jerdoni]] | Paradoxurus jerdoni jerdoni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus jerdoni]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2630 | [[:d:Q20907224|Q20907224]] | [[Paradoxurus jerdoni caniscus]] | Paradoxurus jerdoni caniscus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus jerdoni]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2631 | [[:d:Q20907234|Q20907234]] | [[Prionodon pardicolor pardicolor]] | Prionodon pardicolor pardicolor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodon pardicolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2632 | [[:d:Q20907235|Q20907235]] | [[Prionodon pardicolor presina]] | Prionodon pardicolor presina | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionodon pardicolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2633 | [[:d:Q20907287|Q20907287]] | [[Galidictis fasciata fasciata]] | Galidictis fasciata fasciata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidictis fasciata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2634 | [[:d:Q20907288|Q20907288]] | [[Galidictis fasciata striatus]] | Galidictis fasciata striatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Galidictis fasciata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2635 | [[:d:Q21078784|Q21078784]] | [[Protepicyon]] | Protepicyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Borophaginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2636 | [[:d:Q119139126|Q119139126]] | [[Styriofelis turnauensis]] | Styriofelis turnauensis | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Styriofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2637 | [[:d:Q124605078|Q124605078]] | [[Chapalmalania altaefrontis]] | Chapalmalania altaefrontis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chapalmalania]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2638 | [[:d:Q5703261|Q5703261]] | [[Arctophoca philippii philippii]] | Arctophoca philippii philippii | 1 | | [[File:Lobo fino.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctophoca philippii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2639 | [[:d:Q16360463|Q16360463]] | [[Cubacyon transversidens]] | Cubacyon transversidens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cubacyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2640 | [[:d:Q61714762|Q61714762]] | [[Parahyaenodon argentinus]] | Parahyaenodon argentinus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Parahyaenodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2641 | [[:d:Q101768609|Q101768609]] | [[Eomonachus belegaerensis]] | Eomonachus belegaerensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Eomonachus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2642 | [[:d:Q107410997|Q107410997]] | [[Yoshi garevskii]] | Yoshi garevskii | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Yoshi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2643 | [[:d:Q107411031|Q107411031]] | [[Yoshi minor]] | Yoshi minor | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Yoshi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2644 | [[:d:Q110461396|Q110461396]] | [[Paludocyon bohemicus]] | Paludocyon bohemicus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Paludocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2645 | [[:d:Q111033552|Q111033552]] | [[Parailurus baikalicus]] | Parailurus baikalicus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Parailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2646 | [[:d:Q111033555|Q111033555]] | [[Parailurus hungaricus]] | Parailurus hungaricus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Parailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2647 | [[:d:Q111038372|Q111038372]] | [[Afrosmilus turkanae]] | Afrosmilus turkanae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Afrosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2648 | [[:d:Q111038430|Q111038430]] | [[Afrosmilus hispanicus]] | Afrosmilus hispanicus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Afrosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2649 | [[:d:Q111038672|Q111038672]] | [[Afrosmilus africanus]] | Afrosmilus africanus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Afrosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2650 | [[:d:Q115619210|Q115619210]] | [[Protemnocyon inflatus]] | Protemnocyon inflatus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Protemnocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2651 | [[:d:Q117008010|Q117008010]] | [[Lycaon chakowheon]] | Lycaon chakowheon | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2652 | [[:d:Q119122831|Q119122831]] | [[Miopanthera pamiri]] | Miopanthera pamiri | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Miopanthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2653 | [[:d:Q120433497|Q120433497]] | [[Yoshi faie]] | Yoshi faie | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Yoshi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2654 | [[:d:Q120433536|Q120433536]] | [[Yoshi yongdengensis]] | Yoshi yongdengensis | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Yoshi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2655 | [[:d:Q123169212|Q123169212]] | [[Sivaelurus chinjiensis]] | Sivaelurus chinjiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Sivaelurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2656 | [[:d:Q123205003|Q123205003]] | [[Vinayakia nocturna]] | Vinayakia nocturna | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vinayakia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2657 | [[:d:Q126418855|Q126418855]] | [[Cuon priscus]] | Cuon priscus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cuon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2658 | [[:d:Q132063888|Q132063888]] | [[Vinayakia sarcophaga]] | Vinayakia sarcophaga | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vinayakia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2659 | [[:d:Q132069947|Q132069947]] | [[Vinayakia intermedia]] | Vinayakia intermedia | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Vinayakia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2660 | [[:d:Q20908029|Q20908029]] | [[Procyon lotor lotor]] | Procyon lotor lotor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2661 | [[:d:Q20908031|Q20908031]] | [[Procyon lotor auspicatus]] | Procyon lotor auspicatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2662 | [[:d:Q20908033|Q20908033]] | [[Procyon lotor excelsus]] | Procyon lotor excelsus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2663 | [[:d:Q20908034|Q20908034]] | [[Procyon lotor fuscipes]] | Procyon lotor fuscipes | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2664 | [[:d:Q20908035|Q20908035]] | [[Procyon lotor grinnelli]] | Procyon lotor grinnelli | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2665 | [[:d:Q20908037|Q20908037]] | [[Procyon lotor hirtus]] | Procyon lotor hirtus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2666 | [[:d:Q20908038|Q20908038]] | [[Procyon lotor incautus]] | Procyon lotor incautus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2667 | [[:d:Q20908040|Q20908040]] | [[Procyon lotor inesperatus]] | Procyon lotor inesperatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2668 | [[:d:Q20908041|Q20908041]] | [[Procyon lotor litoreus]] | Procyon lotor litoreus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2669 | [[:d:Q20908042|Q20908042]] | [[Procyon lotor marinus]] | Procyon lotor marinus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2670 | [[:d:Q20908044|Q20908044]] | [[Procyon lotor megalodous]] | Procyon lotor megalodous | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2671 | [[:d:Q20908045|Q20908045]] | [[Procyon lotor pacificus]] | Procyon lotor pacificus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2672 | [[:d:Q20908046|Q20908046]] | [[Procyon lotor pallidus]] | Procyon lotor pallidus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2673 | [[:d:Q123471632|Q123471632]] | [[Angustictis mayri]] | Angustictis mayri | 1 | | | [[monotypic fossil taxon]] | | [[Angustictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2674 | [[:d:Q126738250|Q126738250]] | [[Urva urva sinensis]] | Urva urva sinensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2675 | [[:d:Q126739319|Q126739319]] | [[Urva urva formosanus]] | Urva urva formosanus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2676 | [[:d:Q126739709|Q126739709]] | [[Urva urva annamensis]] | Urva urva annamensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2677 | [[:d:Q126740382|Q126740382]] | [[Urva urva urva]] | Urva urva urva | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urva urva]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2678 | [[:d:Q23772782|Q23772782]] | [[Felis temminckii]] | Felis temminckii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2679 | [[:d:Q111144853|Q111144853]] | [[Felis rexroadensis]] | Felis rexroadensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2680 | [[:d:Q111146975|Q111146975]] | [[Felis obscura]] | Felis obscura | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2681 | [[:d:Q20719562|Q20719562]] | [[Xenosmilus hodsonae]] | Xenosmilus hodsonae | 1 | | [[File:Xenosmilus hodsonae.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Xenosmilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2682 | [[:d:Q20907568|Q20907568]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2683 | [[:d:Q20907571|Q20907571]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii | 1 | | [[File:Urocyon cinereoargenteus scottii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2684 | [[:d:Q20908000|Q20908000]] | [[Nasua nasua nasua]] | Nasua nasua nasua | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2685 | [[:d:Q20908001|Q20908001]] | [[Nasua nasua aricana]] | Nasua nasua aricana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2686 | [[:d:Q20908002|Q20908002]] | [[Nasua nasua boliviensis]] | Nasua nasua boliviensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2687 | [[:d:Q20908003|Q20908003]] | [[Nasua nasua candace]] | Nasua nasua candace | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2688 | [[:d:Q20908004|Q20908004]] | [[Nasua nasua cinerascens]] | Nasua nasua cinerascens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2689 | [[:d:Q20908005|Q20908005]] | [[Nasua nasua dorsalis]] | Nasua nasua dorsalis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2690 | [[:d:Q20908006|Q20908006]] | [[Nasua nasua manium]] | Nasua nasua manium | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2691 | [[:d:Q20908007|Q20908007]] | [[Nasua nasua molaris]] | Nasua nasua molaris | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2692 | [[:d:Q20908008|Q20908008]] | [[Nasua nasua montana]] | Nasua nasua montana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2693 | [[:d:Q20908009|Q20908009]] | [[Nasua nasua quichua]] | Nasua nasua quichua | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2694 | [[:d:Q20908010|Q20908010]] | [[Nasua nasua solitaria]] | Nasua nasua solitaria | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2695 | [[:d:Q20908012|Q20908012]] | [[Nasua nasua spadicea]] | Nasua nasua spadicea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2696 | [[:d:Q20908013|Q20908013]] | [[Nasua nasua vittata]] | Nasua nasua vittata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2697 | [[:d:Q20908014|Q20908014]] | [[Nasuella olivacea olivacea]] | Nasuella olivacea olivacea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasuella olivacea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2698 | [[:d:Q20908016|Q20908016]] | [[Nasuella olivacea quitensis]] | Nasuella olivacea quitensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasuella olivacea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2699 | [[:d:Q20908047|Q20908047]] | [[Procyon lotor psora]] | Procyon lotor psora | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2700 | [[:d:Q20908048|Q20908048]] | [[Procyon lotor pumilus]] | Procyon lotor pumilus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2701 | [[:d:Q20908049|Q20908049]] | [[Procyon lotor simus]] | Procyon lotor simus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2702 | [[:d:Q20908050|Q20908050]] | [[Procyon lotor vancouverensis]] | Procyon lotor vancouverensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon lotor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2703 | [[:d:Q21357303|Q21357303]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomous]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus orinomous | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2704 | [[:d:Q21357310|Q21357310]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus scotti]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus scotti | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2705 | [[:d:Q138662846|Q138662846]] | [[Jaguarius]] | Jaguarius | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2706 | [[:d:Q138662847|Q138662847]] | [[Leo]] | Leo | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2707 | [[:d:Q138662848|Q138662848]] | [[Panthera]] | Panthera | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2708 | [[:d:Q138662851|Q138662851]] | [[Uncia]] | Uncia | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2709 | [[:d:Q21355817|Q21355817]] | [[Puma jagouaroundi]] | Puma jagouaroundi | 1 | | [[File:Puma yaguarondi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2710 | [[:d:Q49560916|Q49560916]] | [[Vulpes velox macrotis]] | Vulpes velox macrotis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes velox]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2711 | [[:d:Q96575733|Q96575733]] | [[Leopardus munoai]] | Leopardus munoai | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2712 | [[:d:Q135553622|Q135553622]] | [[Leopardus jacobitus]] | Leopardus jacobitus | 1 | | [[File:Andean cat 1 Jim Sanderson.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2713 | [[:d:Q138662749|Q138662749]] | [[Leopardus]] | Leopardus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2714 | [[:d:Q138662755|Q138662755]] | [[Margay]] | Margay | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2715 | [[:d:Q138662760|Q138662760]] | [[Oreailurus]] | Oreailurus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2716 | [[:d:Q1863207|Q1863207]] | [[Otarocyon macdonaldi]] | Otarocyon macdonaldi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Otarocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2717 | [[:d:Q3051678|Q3051678]] | [[Otarocyon cooki]] | Otarocyon cooki | 1 | | [[File:Otarocyon cooki.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Otarocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2718 | [[:d:Q3895278|Q3895278]] | [[Pararctotherium]] | Pararctotherium | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Tremarctinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2719 | [[:d:Q20907974|Q20907974]] | [[Bassariscus astutus astutus]] | Bassariscus astutus astutus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2720 | [[:d:Q20907975|Q20907975]] | [[Bassariscus astutus arizonensis]] | Bassariscus astutus arizonensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2721 | [[:d:Q20907976|Q20907976]] | [[Bassariscus astutus bolei]] | Bassariscus astutus bolei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2722 | [[:d:Q20907978|Q20907978]] | [[Bassariscus astutus consitus]] | Bassariscus astutus consitus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2723 | [[:d:Q20907979|Q20907979]] | [[Bassariscus astutus flavus]] | Bassariscus astutus flavus | 1 | | [[File:Bassariscus astutus flavus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2724 | [[:d:Q20907980|Q20907980]] | [[Bassariscus astutus insulicola]] | Bassariscus astutus insulicola | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2725 | [[:d:Q20907981|Q20907981]] | [[Bassariscus astutus macdougalli]] | Bassariscus astutus macdougalli | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2726 | [[:d:Q20907982|Q20907982]] | [[Bassariscus astutus nevadensis]] | Bassariscus astutus nevadensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2727 | [[:d:Q20907983|Q20907983]] | [[Bassariscus astutus octavus]] | Bassariscus astutus octavus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2728 | [[:d:Q20907984|Q20907984]] | [[Bassariscus astutus palmarius]] | Bassariscus astutus palmarius | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2729 | [[:d:Q20907985|Q20907985]] | [[Bassariscus astutus raptor]] | Bassariscus astutus raptor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2730 | [[:d:Q20907987|Q20907987]] | [[Bassariscus astutus willetti]] | Bassariscus astutus willetti | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2731 | [[:d:Q20907988|Q20907988]] | [[Bassariscus astutus yumanensis]] | Bassariscus astutus yumanensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[bassarisco]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2732 | [[:d:Q20907990|Q20907990]] | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti sumichrasti]] | Bassariscus sumichrasti sumichrasti | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2733 | [[:d:Q20907991|Q20907991]] | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti latrans]] | Bassariscus sumichrasti latrans | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2734 | [[:d:Q20907992|Q20907992]] | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti notinus]] | Bassariscus sumichrasti notinus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2735 | [[:d:Q20907993|Q20907993]] | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti oaxacensis]] | Bassariscus sumichrasti oaxacensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2736 | [[:d:Q20907994|Q20907994]] | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti variabilis]] | Bassariscus sumichrasti variabilis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassariscus sumichrasti]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2737 | [[:d:Q20908025|Q20908025]] | [[Procyon cancrivorus cancrivorus]] | Procyon cancrivorus cancrivorus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon cancrivorus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2738 | [[:d:Q20908026|Q20908026]] | [[Procyon cancrivorus aequatorialis]] | Procyon cancrivorus aequatorialis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon cancrivorus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2739 | [[:d:Q20908027|Q20908027]] | [[Procyon cancrivorus nigripes]] | Procyon cancrivorus nigripes | 1 | | [[File:Mano pelada (Procyon cancrivorus nigripes).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon cancrivorus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2740 | [[:d:Q20908028|Q20908028]] | [[Procyon cancrivorus panamensis]] | Procyon cancrivorus panamensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Procyon cancrivorus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2741 | [[:d:Q97374060|Q97374060]] | [[Gepard abisyński]] | Gepard abisyński | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Acinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2742 | [[:d:Q124799012|Q124799012]] | [[Acinonyx venator]] | Acinonyx venator | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Acinonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2743 | [[:d:Q137674958|Q137674958]] | [[Vulpes macrotis macrotis]] | Vulpes macrotis macrotis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes macrotis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2744 | [[:d:Q2496604|Q2496604]] | [[Oxetocyon cuspidatus]] | Oxetocyon cuspidatus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Oxetocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2745 | [[:d:Q7134501|Q7134501]] | [[Paraenhydrocyon josephi]] | Paraenhydrocyon josephi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Paraenhydrocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2746 | [[:d:Q12823232|Q12823232]] | [[Uncia uncia]] | Uncia uncia | 1 | | | [[taxon]]<br/>[[taxon synonyme]] | | [[Uncia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2747 | [[:d:Q15041370|Q15041370]] | [[Microtomarctus conferta]] | Microtomarctus conferta | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Microtomarctus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2748 | [[:d:Q18420311|Q18420311]] | [[Pristinailurus bristoli]] | Pristinailurus bristoli | 1 | | [[File:Skull of Pristinailurus bristoli 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Pristinailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2749 | [[:d:Q21070611|Q21070611]] | [[Agriotherium inexpectans]] | Agriotherium inexpectans | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Agriotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2750 | [[:d:Q24910173|Q24910173]] | [[Cynarctus wangi]] | Cynarctus wangi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2751 | [[:d:Q25585437|Q25585437]] | [[Dinobastis]] | Dinobastis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotherini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2752 | [[:d:Q27450846|Q27450846]] | [[Herpailurus yagouaroundi]] | Herpailurus yagouaroundi | 1 | | [[File:Herpailurus yagouaroundi 26409745.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2753 | [[:d:Q33176416|Q33176416]] | [[Cephalogalini]] | Cephalogalini | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2754 | [[:d:Q110473411|Q110473411]] | [[Phoberocyon hispanicus]] | Phoberocyon hispanicus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Phoberocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2755 | [[:d:Q110971730|Q110971730]] | [[Amphimachairodus alvarezi]] | Amphimachairodus alvarezi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphimachairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2756 | [[:d:Q110973654|Q110973654]] | [[Amphimachairodus kurteni]] | Amphimachairodus kurteni | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphimachairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2757 | [[:d:Q110973970|Q110973970]] | [[Amphimachairodus coloradensis]] | Amphimachairodus coloradensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphimachairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2758 | [[:d:Q110974030|Q110974030]] | [[Amphimachairodus kabir]] | Amphimachairodus kabir | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphimachairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2759 | [[:d:Q110979133|Q110979133]] | [[Amphimachairodus giganteus]] | Amphimachairodus giganteus | 1 | | [[File:Machairodus giganteus 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Amphimachairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2760 | [[:d:Q111025870|Q111025870]] | [[Caracal depereti]] | Caracal depereti | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2761 | [[:d:Q111033701|Q111033701]] | [[Rhizosmilodon fiteae]] | Rhizosmilodon fiteae | 1 | | [[File:Rhizosmilodon UF 124634 01.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Rhizosmilodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2762 | [[:d:Q116547818|Q116547818]] | [[cyonarctos]] | Cyonarctos | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemicyoninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2763 | [[:d:Q119105084|Q119105084]] | [[Hemimachairodus zwierzyckii]] | Hemimachairodus zwierzyckii | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Hemimachairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2764 | [[:d:Q141193849|Q141193849]] | [[Arctonasua fricki]] | Arctonasua fricki | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Arctonasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2765 | [[:d:Q141195855|Q141195855]] | [[Arctonasua minima]] | Arctonasua minima | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Arctonasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2766 | [[:d:Q141199427|Q141199427]] | [[Arctonasua gracilis]] | Arctonasua gracilis | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Arctonasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2767 | [[:d:Q141200277|Q141200277]] | [[Arctonasua eurybates]] | Arctonasua eurybates | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Arctonasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2768 | [[:d:Q141200653|Q141200653]] | [[Arctonasua floridana]] | Arctonasua floridana | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Arctonasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2769 | [[:d:Q3893455|Q3893455]] | [[Panthera leo goojratensis]] | Panthera leo goojratensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2770 | [[:d:Q20907037|Q20907037]] | [[Acinonyx jubatus velox]] | Acinonyx jubatus velox | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[gepardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2771 | [[:d:Q20907066|Q20907066]] | [[Leopardus pardalis pardalis]] | Leopardus pardalis pardalis | 1 | | [[File:Leopardus pardalis pardalis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2772 | [[:d:Q20907068|Q20907068]] | [[Leopardus pardalis albescens]] | Leopardus pardalis albescens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2773 | [[:d:Q20907069|Q20907069]] | [[Leopardus pardalis melanurus]] | Leopardus pardalis melanurus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2774 | [[:d:Q20907070|Q20907070]] | [[Leopardus pardalis mitis]] | Leopardus pardalis mitis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2775 | [[:d:Q20907071|Q20907071]] | [[Leopardus pardalis nelsoni]] | Leopardus pardalis nelsoni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2776 | [[:d:Q20907072|Q20907072]] | [[Leopardus pardalis pseudopardalis]] | Leopardus pardalis pseudopardalis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2777 | [[:d:Q20907073|Q20907073]] | [[Leopardus pardalis pusaeus]] | Leopardus pardalis pusaeus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2778 | [[:d:Q20907074|Q20907074]] | [[Leopardus pardalis sonoriensis]] | Leopardus pardalis sonoriensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2779 | [[:d:Q20907075|Q20907075]] | [[Leopardus pardalis steinbachi]] | Leopardus pardalis steinbachi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pardalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2780 | [[:d:Q20907144|Q20907144]] | [[Panthera leo nyanzae]] | Panthera leo nyanzae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2781 | [[:d:Q25685473|Q25685473]] | [[Panthera leo mesopotamica]] | Panthera leo mesopotamica | 1 | | [[File:Iranian - Cylinder Seal with a Lion Hunt - Walters 42797.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2782 | [[:d:Q79136002|Q79136002]] | [[Leptofelis vallesiensis]] | Leptofelis vallesiensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Leptofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2783 | [[:d:Q107410903|Q107410903]] | [[Tchadailurus adei]] | Tchadailurus adei | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Tchadailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2784 | [[:d:Q118242375|Q118242375]] | [[Protursus simpsoni]] | Protursus simpsoni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Protursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2785 | [[:d:Q132147252|Q132147252]] | [[Lupulella adusta kaffensis]] | Lupulella adusta kaffensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella adusta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2786 | [[:d:Q132147254|Q132147254]] | [[Lupulella adusta adusta]] | Lupulella adusta adusta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella adusta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2787 | [[:d:Q132147257|Q132147257]] | [[Lupulella adusta lateralis]] | Lupulella adusta lateralis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella adusta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2788 | [[:d:Q132147266|Q132147266]] | [[Lupulella adusta notata]] | Lupulella adusta notata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella adusta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2789 | [[:d:Q132147269|Q132147269]] | [[Lupulella adusta grayi]] | Lupulella adusta grayi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella adusta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2790 | [[:d:Q132147302|Q132147302]] | [[Lupulella adusta bweha]] | Lupulella adusta bweha | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lupulella adusta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2791 | [[:d:Q140835452|Q140835452]] | [[Leontoceryx bessarabiae]] | Leontoceryx bessarabiae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Leontoceryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2792 | [[:d:Q10317429|Q10317429]] | [[Panthera pardus ciscaucasia]] | Panthera pardus ciscaucasia | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2793 | [[:d:Q12843808|Q12843808]] | [[Kashmir leopard]] | Panthera pardus millardi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2794 | [[:d:Q20021838|Q20021838]] | [[Panthera onca georgica]] | Panthera onca georgica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[jaguar]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2795 | [[:d:Q20907055|Q20907055]] | [[Leopardus geoffroyi geoffroyi]] | Leopardus geoffroyi geoffroyi | 1 | | [[File:Geoffroy's Cat 1d.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[catto de Geoffroy]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2796 | [[:d:Q20907056|Q20907056]] | [[Leopardus geoffroyi euxanthus]] | Leopardus geoffroyi euxanthus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto de Geoffroy]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2797 | [[:d:Q20907057|Q20907057]] | [[Leopardus geoffroyi leucobaptus]] | Leopardus geoffroyi leucobaptus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto de Geoffroy]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2798 | [[:d:Q20907058|Q20907058]] | [[Leopardus geoffroyi paraguae]] | Leopardus geoffroyi paraguae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto de Geoffroy]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2799 | [[:d:Q20907059|Q20907059]] | [[Leopardus geoffroyi salinarum]] | Leopardus geoffroyi salinarum | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto de Geoffroy]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2800 | [[:d:Q20907116|Q20907116]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis alleni]] | Prionailurus bengalensis alleni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2801 | [[:d:Q20907119|Q20907119]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis chinensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2802 | [[:d:Q20907120|Q20907120]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis horsfieldii]] | Prionailurus bengalensis horsfieldii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2803 | [[:d:Q20907123|Q20907123]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis sumatranus]] | Prionailurus bengalensis sumatranus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2804 | [[:d:Q20907124|Q20907124]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis trevelyani]] | Prionailurus bengalensis trevelyani | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2805 | [[:d:Q21355717|Q21355717]] | [[Puma concolor capricornensis]] | Puma concolor capricornensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma|Puma concolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2806 | [[:d:Q22977963|Q22977963]] | [[Panthera pardus adusta]] | Panthera pardus adusta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2807 | [[:d:Q40494132|Q40494132]] | [[Felis chaus valbalala]] | Felis chaus valbalala | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Chaus|Felis chaus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2808 | [[:d:Q102849874|Q102849874]] | [[Puma concolor shorgeri]] | Puma concolor shorgeri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma|Puma concolor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2809 | [[:d:Q139764685|Q139764685]] | [[Panthera pardus antiqua]] | Panthera pardus antiqua | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2810 | [[:d:Q139765127|Q139765127]] | [[Panthera pardus begoueni]] | Panthera pardus begoueni | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2811 | [[:d:Q5278583|Q5278583]] | [[Dinofelis paleoonca]] | Dinofelis paleoonca | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Dinofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2812 | [[:d:Q18746553|Q18746553]] | [[Homotherium crusafonti]] | Homotherium crusafonti | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2813 | [[:d:Q20907051|Q20907051]] | [[Leopardus braccatus braccatus]] | Leopardus braccatus braccatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus braccatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2814 | [[:d:Q20907052|Q20907052]] | [[Leopardus braccatus munoai]] | Leopardus braccatus munoai | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus braccatus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2815 | [[:d:Q20907098|Q20907098]] | [[Lynx lynx kozlovi]] | Lynx lynx kozlovi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2816 | [[:d:Q20907099|Q20907099]] | [[Lynx lynx stroganovi]] | Lynx lynx stroganovi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx lynx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2817 | [[:d:Q20907102|Q20907102]] | [[Lynx rufus baileyi]] | Lynx rufus baileyi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2818 | [[:d:Q20907103|Q20907103]] | [[Lynx rufus californicus]] | Lynx rufus californicus | 1 | | [[File:Bobcat in the Santa Monica foothills. (14534364089).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2819 | [[:d:Q20907105|Q20907105]] | [[Lynx rufus floridanus]] | Lynx rufus floridanus | 1 | | [[File:Florida Bobcat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2820 | [[:d:Q20907106|Q20907106]] | [[Lynx rufus oaxacensis]] | Lynx rufus oaxacensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2821 | [[:d:Q20907107|Q20907107]] | [[Lynx rufus pallescens]] | Lynx rufus pallescens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2822 | [[:d:Q20907108|Q20907108]] | [[Lynx rufus peninsularis]] | Lynx rufus peninsularis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2823 | [[:d:Q20907109|Q20907109]] | [[Lynx rufus superiorensis]] | Lynx rufus superiorensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2824 | [[:d:Q20907110|Q20907110]] | [[Lynx rufus texensis]] | Lynx rufus texensis | 1 | | [[File:Lynx rufus texensis - Mount Angel Abbey Museum - Mount Angel Abbey - Mount Angel, Oregon - DSC00081.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2825 | [[:d:Q20907132|Q20907132]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi yagouaroundi]] | Puma yagouaroundi yagouaroundi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2826 | [[:d:Q20907133|Q20907133]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi ameghinoi]] | Puma yagouaroundi ameghinoi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2827 | [[:d:Q21353187|Q21353187]] | [[Felis silvestris brockmani]] | Felis silvestris brockmani | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2828 | [[:d:Q21353941|Q21353941]] | [[Felis silvestris euxina]] | Felis silvestris euxina | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2829 | [[:d:Q21353946|Q21353946]] | [[Felis silvestris molisana]] | Felis silvestris molisana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2830 | [[:d:Q21353951|Q21353951]] | [[Felis silvestris morea]] | Felis silvestris morea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2831 | [[:d:Q21353957|Q21353957]] | [[Felis silvestris pyrrhus]] | Felis silvestris pyrrhus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2832 | [[:d:Q21353961|Q21353961]] | [[Felis silvestris shawiana]] | Felis silvestris shawiana | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2833 | [[:d:Q21353966|Q21353966]] | [[Felis silvestris tartesia]] | Felis silvestris tartesia | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2834 | [[:d:Q23047459|Q23047459]] | [[Felis silvestris sarda]] | Felis silvestris sarda | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto salvage]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2835 | [[:d:Q111017868|Q111017868]] | [[Otocolobus manul manul]] | Otocolobus manul manul | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocolobus manul]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2836 | [[:d:Q111017909|Q111017909]] | [[Otocolobus manul ferrugineus]] | Otocolobus manul ferrugineus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocolobus manul]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2837 | [[:d:Q111017929|Q111017929]] | [[Otocolobus manul nigripectus]] | Otocolobus manul nigripectus | 1 | | [[File:Felis nigripectus (Otocolobus manul nigripectus) by Raj Man Singh.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocolobus manul]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2838 | [[:d:Q111520503|Q111520503]] | [[Pardofelis marmorata longicaudata]] | Pardofelis marmorata longicaudata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[catto marmorate]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2839 | [[:d:Q122841708|Q122841708]] | [[Megantereon cultridens]] | Megantereon cultridens | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Megantereon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2840 | [[:d:Q131624461|Q131624461]] | [[Megantereon falconeri]] | Megantereon falconeri | 1 | | [[File:Left maxilla of Megantereon falconeri.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Megantereon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2841 | [[:d:Q131841517|Q131841517]] | [[Megantereon adroveri]] | Megantereon adroveri | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Megantereon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2842 | [[:d:Q131841541|Q131841541]] | [[Megantereon hesperus]] | Megantereon hesperus | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Megantereon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2843 | [[:d:Q131841563|Q131841563]] | [[Megantereon vakshensis]] | Megantereon vakshensis | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Megantereon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2844 | [[:d:Q131841571|Q131841571]] | [[Megantereon whitei]] | Megantereon whitei | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Megantereon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2845 | [[:d:Q9338658|Q9338658]] | [[Smilodon neogaeus]] | Smilodon neogaeus | 1 | | [[File:Smilodon skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Smilodon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2846 | [[:d:Q20907053|Q20907053]] | [[Leopardus colocolo colocolo]] | Leopardus colocolo colocolo | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Colocolo|Leopardus colocolo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2847 | [[:d:Q20907054|Q20907054]] | [[Leopardus colocolo wolffsohni]] | Leopardus colocolo wolffsohni | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Colocolo|Leopardus colocolo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2848 | [[:d:Q20907060|Q20907060]] | [[Leopardus guigna guigna]] | Leopardus guigna guigna | 1 | | [[File:Guigna 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Guigna|Leopardus guigna]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2849 | [[:d:Q20907061|Q20907061]] | [[Leopardus guigna tigrillo]] | Leopardus guigna tigrillo | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Guigna|Leopardus guigna]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2850 | [[:d:Q20907076|Q20907076]] | [[Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus]] | Leopardus tigrinus tigrinus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus tigrinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2851 | [[:d:Q20907077|Q20907077]] | [[Leopardus tigrinus guttulus]] | Leopardus tigrinus guttulus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus tigrinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2852 | [[:d:Q20907078|Q20907078]] | [[Leopardus tigrinus oncilla]] | Leopardus tigrinus oncilla | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus tigrinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2853 | [[:d:Q20907080|Q20907080]] | [[Leopardus wiedii wiedii]] | Leopardus wiedii wiedii | 1 | | [[File:Leopardus wiedii.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2854 | [[:d:Q20907081|Q20907081]] | [[Leopardus wiedii amazonicus]] | Leopardus wiedii amazonicus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2855 | [[:d:Q20907082|Q20907082]] | [[Leopardus wiedii boliviae]] | Leopardus wiedii boliviae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2856 | [[:d:Q20907083|Q20907083]] | [[Leopardus wiedii cooperi]] | Leopardus wiedii cooperi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2857 | [[:d:Q20907084|Q20907084]] | [[Leopardus wiedii glauculus]] | Leopardus wiedii glauculus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2858 | [[:d:Q20907085|Q20907085]] | [[Leopardus wiedii nicaraguae]] | Leopardus wiedii nicaraguae | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2859 | [[:d:Q20907086|Q20907086]] | [[Leopardus wiedii oaxacensis]] | Leopardus wiedii oaxacensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2860 | [[:d:Q20907087|Q20907087]] | [[Leopardus wiedii pirrensis]] | Leopardus wiedii pirrensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2861 | [[:d:Q20907088|Q20907088]] | [[Leopardus wiedii salvinius]] | Leopardus wiedii salvinius | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2862 | [[:d:Q20907089|Q20907089]] | [[Leopardus wiedii vigens]] | Leopardus wiedii vigens | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus wiedii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2863 | [[:d:Q20907127|Q20907127]] | [[Prionailurus rubiginosus rubiginosus]] | Prionailurus rubiginosus rubiginosus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus rubiginosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2864 | [[:d:Q20907128|Q20907128]] | [[Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi]] | Prionailurus rubiginosus phillipsi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus rubiginosus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2865 | [[:d:Q20907134|Q20907134]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi eyra]] | Puma yagouaroundi eyra | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2866 | [[:d:Q20907135|Q20907135]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi fossata]] | Puma yagouaroundi fossata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2867 | [[:d:Q20907136|Q20907136]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi melantho]] | Puma yagouaroundi melantho | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2868 | [[:d:Q20907137|Q20907137]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi panamensis]] | Puma yagouaroundi panamensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2869 | [[:d:Q20907138|Q20907138]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi tolteca]] | Puma yagouaroundi tolteca | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2870 | [[:d:Q20908017|Q20908017]] | [[Potos flavus flavus]] | Potos flavus flavus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[kinkajou]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2871 | [[:d:Q20908018|Q20908018]] | [[Potos flavus chapadensis]] | Potos flavus chapadensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[kinkajou]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2872 | [[:d:Q20908019|Q20908019]] | [[Potos flavus chiriquensis]] | Potos flavus chiriquensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[kinkajou]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2873 | [[:d:Q20908020|Q20908020]] | [[Potos flavus megalotus]] | Potos flavus megalotus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[kinkajou]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2874 | [[:d:Q20908021|Q20908021]] | [[Potos flavus meridensis]] | Potos flavus meridensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[kinkajou]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2875 | [[:d:Q20908023|Q20908023]] | [[Potos flavus modestus]] | Potos flavus modestus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[kinkajou]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2876 | [[:d:Q20908024|Q20908024]] | [[Potos flavus nocturnus]] | Potos flavus nocturnus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[kinkajou]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2877 | [[:d:Q40719646|Q40719646]] | [[Ursus lasiotus]] | Ursus lasiotus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2878 | [[:d:Q40719711|Q40719711]] | [[Ursus nasutus]] | Ursus nasutus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2879 | [[:d:Q123037942|Q123037942]] | [[Leopardus colocolo braccatus]] | Leopardus colocola braccatus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Colocolo|Leopardus colocolo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2880 | [[:d:Q126723012|Q126723012]] | [[Ursus kokeni]] | Ursus kokeni | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2881 | [[:d:Q130243529|Q130243529]] | [[Ursus kudarensis]] | Ursus kudarensis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2882 | [[:d:Q130243540|Q130243540]] | [[Ursus kanivetz]] | Ursus kanivetz | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2883 | [[:d:Q133820498|Q133820498]] | [[Ursus praekudarensis]] | Ursus praekudarensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2884 | [[:d:Q138497627|Q138497627]] | [[Euarctos]] | Euarctos | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2885 | [[:d:Q138497629|Q138497629]] | [[Selenarctos]] | Selenarctos | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2886 | [[:d:Q138497631|Q138497631]] | [[Ursus]] | Ursus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2887 | [[:d:Q5199891|Q5199891]] | [[Cynarctoides gawnae]] | Cynarctoides gawnae | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2888 | [[:d:Q5199892|Q5199892]] | [[Cynarctoides emryi]] | Cynarctoides emryi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2889 | [[:d:Q5199894|Q5199894]] | [[Cynarctoides harlowi]] | Cynarctoides harlowi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2890 | [[:d:Q5199895|Q5199895]] | [[Cynarctoides lemur]] | Cynarctoides lemur | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2891 | [[:d:Q5199896|Q5199896]] | [[Cynarctoides luskensis]] | Cynarctoides luskensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2892 | [[:d:Q5199897|Q5199897]] | [[Cynarctoides roii]] | Cynarctoides roii | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2893 | [[:d:Q5278577|Q5278577]] | [[Dinocyon thenardi]] | Dinocyon thenardi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Dinocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2894 | [[:d:Q5489312|Q5489312]] | [[Arctotherium wingei]] | Arctotherium wingei | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2895 | [[:d:Q11765234|Q11765234]] | [[Machairodus africanus]] | Machairodus africanus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Machairodus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2896 | [[:d:Q16667336|Q16667336]] | [[Nyctereutes terblanchei]] | Nyctereutes terblanchei | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2897 | [[:d:Q19755931|Q19755931]] | [[Cynarctoides acridens]] | Cynarctoides acridens | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Cynarctoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2898 | [[:d:Q20907062|Q20907062]] | [[Leopardus pajeros pajeros]] | Leopardus pajeros pajeros | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pajeros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2899 | [[:d:Q20907063|Q20907063]] | [[Leopardus pajeros budini]] | Leopardus pajeros budini | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pajeros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2900 | [[:d:Q20907064|Q20907064]] | [[Leopardus pajeros garleppi]] | Leopardus pajeros garleppi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pajeros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2901 | [[:d:Q20907065|Q20907065]] | [[Leopardus pajeros thomasi]] | Leopardus pajeros thomasi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Leopardus pajeros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2902 | [[:d:Q107412464|Q107412464]] | [[Lokotunjailurus emageritus]] | Lokotunjailurus emageritus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lokotunjailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2903 | [[:d:Q107412507|Q107412507]] | [[Lokotunjailurus fanonei]] | Lokotunjailurus fanonei | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lokotunjailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2904 | [[:d:Q107421814|Q107421814]] | [[Lynx issiodorensis valdarnensis]] | Lynx issiodorensis valdarnensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lynx issiodorensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2905 | [[:d:Q107421860|Q107421860]] | [[Lynx issiodorensis kurteni]] | Lynx issiodorensis kurteni | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Lynx issiodorensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2906 | [[:d:Q108583865|Q108583865]] | [[Arctotherium latidens]] | Arctotherium latidens | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Arctotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2907 | [[:d:Q111027511|Q111027511]] | [[Caracal aurata celidogaster]] | Caracal aurata celidogaster | 1 | | [[File:Felis celidogaster - 1834 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam - UBA01 IZ22100376.tif|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal aurata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2908 | [[:d:Q111041029|Q111041029]] | [[Nimravides hibbardi]] | Nimravides hibbardi | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2909 | [[:d:Q111041041|Q111041041]] | [[Nimravides galiani]] | Nimravides galiani | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2910 | [[:d:Q111041069|Q111041069]] | [[Nimravides pedionomus]] | Nimravides pedionomus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2911 | [[:d:Q111041238|Q111041238]] | [[Nimravides thinobates]] | Nimravides thinobates | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nimravides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2912 | [[:d:Q112863605|Q112863605]] | [[Hemicyon barbouri]] | Hemicyon barbouri | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Hemicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2913 | [[:d:Q120277194|Q120277194]] | [[Plithocyon ursinus]] | Plithocyon ursinus | 1 | | [[File:Plithocyon ursinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Plithocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2914 | [[:d:Q122127214|Q122127214]] | [[Metailurus boodon]] | Metailurus boodon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Metailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2915 | [[:d:Q131981277|Q131981277]] | [[Helarctos namadicus]] | Helarctos namadicus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Helarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2916 | [[:d:Q139470334|Q139470334]] | [[Nyctereutes urartuensis]] | Nyctereutes urartuensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2917 | [[:d:Q139818767|Q139818767]] | [[Nyctereutes vulpinus]] | Nyctereutes vulpinus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2918 | [[:d:Q140381432|Q140381432]] | [[Xenocyon trinilensis]] | Xenocyon trinilensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Xenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2919 | [[:d:Q5032443|Q5032443]] | [[Canis falconeri]] | Canis falconeri | 1 | | [[File:Canisfalc.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2920 | [[:d:Q6111761|Q6111761]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus | 1 | | [[File:202308 Japanese raccoon dog.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2921 | [[:d:Q21354981|Q21354981]] | [[Canis ursinus]] | Canis ursinus | 1 | | [[File:Hemicyon sansaniensis.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2922 | [[:d:Q21399595|Q21399595]] | [[Canis group]] | Canis group | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2923 | [[:d:Q40685874|Q40685874]] | [[Ursus arctos shanorum]] | Ursus arctos shanorum | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2924 | [[:d:Q107368660|Q107368660]] | [[Canis antonii]] | Canis antonii | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2925 | [[:d:Q124668428|Q124668428]] | [[Ursus arctos penghuensis]] | Ursus arctos penghuensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2926 | [[:d:Q20907038|Q20907038]] | [[Catopuma temminckii temminckii]] | Catopuma temminckii temminckii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Catopuma temminckii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2927 | [[:d:Q20907040|Q20907040]] | [[Catopuma temminckii dominicanorum]] | Catopuma temminckii dominicanorum | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Catopuma temminckii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2928 | [[:d:Q20907041|Q20907041]] | [[Catopuma temminckii tristis]] | Catopuma temminckii tristis | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Catopuma temminckii]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2929 | [[:d:Q20907043|Q20907043]] | [[Felis manul manul]] | Felis manul manul | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Felis manul]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2930 | [[:d:Q20907044|Q20907044]] | [[Felis manul ferruginea]] | Felis manul ferruginea | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Felis manul]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2931 | [[:d:Q20907045|Q20907045]] | [[Felis manul nigripecta]] | Felis manul nigripecta | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Felis manul]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2932 | [[:d:Q21353356|Q21353356]] | [[Panthera sondaica sondaica]] | Panthera sondaica sondaica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Panthera sondaica]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2933 | [[:d:Q56313824|Q56313824]] | [[Protarctos abstrusus]] | Protarctos abstrusus | 1 | | [[File:Protarctos abstrusus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Protarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2934 | [[:d:Q109312424|Q109312424]] | [[Herpailurus yagouaroundi ameghinoi]] | Herpailurus yagouaroundi ameghinoi | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpailurus yagouaroundi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2935 | [[:d:Q111027611|Q111027611]] | [[Caracal aurata aurata]] | Caracal aurata aurata | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal aurata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2936 | [[:d:Q140906498|Q140906498]] | [[Prionailurus javanensis sumatranus]] | Prionailurus javanensis sumatranus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus javanensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2937 | [[:d:Q141200436|Q141200436]] | [[Paranasua biradica]] | Paranasua biradica | 1 | | | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Paranasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2938 | [[:d:Q6080752|Q6080752]] | [[Plionarctos edensis]] | Plionarctos edensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Plionarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2939 | [[:d:Q6080755|Q6080755]] | [[Plionarctos harroldorum]] | Plionarctos harroldorum | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Plionarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2940 | [[:d:Q109647079|Q109647079]] | [[Canis alpinus]] | Canis alpinus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2941 | [[:d:Q122069773|Q122069773]] | [[Indarctos arctoides]] | Indarctos arctoides | 1 | | [[File:Indarctos arctoides skull - Batallones 3 fossil site, Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Indarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2942 | [[:d:Q126893244|Q126893244]] | [[Ursus spelaeus eremus]] | Ursus spelaeus eremus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Urso del cavernas|Ursus spelaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2943 | [[:d:Q126893260|Q126893260]] | [[Ursus spelaeus ladinicus]] | Ursus spelaeus ladinicus | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Urso del cavernas|Ursus spelaeus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2944 | [[:d:Q133853184|Q133853184]] | [[Canis dirus]] | Canis dirus | 1 | | [[File:Aenocyon dirus restoration & skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2945 | [[:d:Q140590815|Q140590815]] | [[Xenocyon]] | Xenocyon | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2946 | [[:d:Q5032446|Q5032446]] | [[Canis rufus rufus]] | Canis rufus rufus | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis rufus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2947 | [[:d:Q20907493|Q20907493]] | [[Canis aureus moreotica]] | Canis aureus moreotica | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis aureus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2948 | [[:d:Q20907525|Q20907525]] | [[Canis simensis citernii]] | Canis simensis citernii | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis simensis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2949 | [[:d:Q22286695|Q22286695]] | [[Austro-hungarian wolf]] | Canis lupus minor | 1 | | | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2950 | [[:d:Q140590792|Q140590792]] | [[Canis trinilensis]] | Canis trinilensis | 1 | | | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Xenocyon]] | |} ---- &sum; 2950 items. {{Wikidata list end}} mlifiis2rghmd2fqizp2qtyrfkxfjtt 0 38885 699981 675823 2026-09-13T10:43:39Z Interlingvisto 60932 699981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/biota}} Le '''martin-piscator commun''' (''Alcedo atthis''), etiam cognoscite como le martin-piscator eurasian o de fluvio, es un parve ave de colores brillante del familia del martin-piscatores, Alcedinidae. Illo es amplemente distribuite trans Europa, Asia e partes de Africa del Nord, con septe subspecies recognoscite. Le specie es generalmente residente in climas plus mite, sed migra ex le regiones nordic quando le cursos de aqua gela. Su partes superior de color blau-verde vive, partes inferior orange e longe becco face de illo un del aves le plus recognoscibile associate con fluvios e habitats de aqua dulce. Le UICN lo classifica como de Preoccupation Minime.<ref name="BirdLife">BirdLife International, ''European Red List of Birds 2021'', assessment de ''Alcedo atthis''.</ref><ref name="IOC">Gill, F., Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P. (eds.), ''IOC World Bird List'', version 15.2, 2026.</ref> == Taxonomia e apparentia == Le martin-piscator commun esseva describite pro le prime vice per Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Su nomine scientific es ''Alcedo atthis'', con le nomine del genero derivate del parola latin pro martin-piscator e le nomine del specie referente a Atthis, un persona associate con le poeta grec Sappho. Le genero ''Alcedo'' contine plure parve martin-piscatores, le major parte de quales include pisces in lor dieta.<ref name="IOC"/> Illo ha approximativemente 16 cm de longitude, con un apertura alar de circa 25 cm e un peso de grossiermente 34–46 grammas. Le adulto typic ha un corpore compacte, grande capite e cauda curte, con partes superior blau-verde, partes inferior de un orange brillante, un guttur blanc e gambas rubicunde. Le feminas simila le masculos sed normalmente ha un coloration orange-rubie sur le mandibula inferior, dum le juvenes es generalmente plus opac. In volo, su rapide battimentos de alas e su dorso blau brillante crea un fulgure de color characteristic proxime al superficie del aqua.<ref name="RSPB">Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), ''Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis)'', identification e conservation facts.</ref> == Distribution e habitat == Le specie occupa un vaste area de distribution que se extende trans le major parte de Europa, Asia e Africa del Nord, generalmente in areas al sud de approximativemente 60° de latitude nord. Illo prefere cursos de aqua e fluvios limpide e de curso lente, lacos e altere ambientes de aqua dulce con vegetation al longo del ripas. Ramos pendente, postes e altere perchas basse fura positiones ideal ab ubi observar le predas. In hiberno, le aves pote mover se verso estuarios, portos e areas costari.<ref name="BirdLife"/><ref name="RSPB"/> Le populationes que vive in regiones con hibernos mite pote remaner in le mesme area passante tote le anno, dum le aves in climas plus frigide migra post le reproduction. Alcun aves siberian viagia milles de kilometros pro arrivar a lor locos de hibernage. Proque le specie depende fortemente de aqua munde e limpide e de ecosystemas aquatic san, su presentia pote servir como un indicator del qualitate del habitat de aqua dulce. Le ingenieria fluvial, le pollution e le substitution de ripas natural per structuras artificial pote reducer le habitat appropriate.<ref name="RSPB"/> == Comportamento e reproduction == Le martin-piscatores commun es multo territorial e passa le major parte del anno sol. Un ave pote defender un tracio de fluvio que se extende per un kilometro o plus proque illo ha besonio de un provision secur de pisces. Le disputas territorial pote devenir aggressive, con aves rival que a vices se lucta con lor beccos e tenta fortiar le un le altere sub le aqua. Le cuplas comencia a formar se in autumno sed generalmente mantene territorios separate usque al saison de reproduction.<ref name="RSPB"/><ref name="ADW">Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan, ''Alcedo atthis'', behavior, reproduction e alimentation.</ref> Le nido es usualmente un tunnel excavate per ambe membros de un cupla in un ripa ripide de un fluvio, ben que carrieras e altere superficies vertical appropriate pote etiam esser utilisate. Le tunnel se extende typicamente 60–90 cm ante de attinger un camera de nidification. Le femina normalmente pone de duo a dece ovos blanc e lucide, que es incubate per ambe parentes durante le die e principalmente per le femina durante le nocte. Le incubation dura circa 19–20 dies, e le juvenes remane in le nido pro grossiermente altere tres o quatro septimanas. Le cuplas pote elevar duo, e a vices tres, covadas durante un saison.<ref name="ADW"/> == Alimentation e adaptationes == Le pisces forma le componente principal del dieta del martin-piscator commun. Ab un percha basse, le ave observa le aqua, adjustante su capite pro estimar le position de su preda ante de tuffer se rapidemente in le aqua. Illo normalmente attrappa le pisces proxime al superficie e retorna a su percha, ubi illo colpa le preda contra le ramo ante de inglutir lo con le capite in avante. Insectos aquatic, crustaceos e occasionalmente amphibios supplenta le dieta. Un adulto pote consumer un quantitate de alimento equivalente a circa 60% de su peso corporal cata die.<ref name="ADW"/><ref name="RSPB"/> Su successo de chassa depende in parte de un vision specialisate. Le oculos contine adaptationes que permitte al ave compensar le cambio in le refraction del luce quando illo passa del aer al aqua. Differente areas del retina adjuta le vision supra e sub le superficie, permittente al martin-piscator judicar le position del preda in movimento durante su tuffo. Ben que le imagines subaquatic es minus nette que illos vidite in le aer, un perception accurate del profunditate es particularmente importante pro un chassa de successo.<ref name="RSPB"/> == Superviventia e conservation == Le juvene martin-piscatores se confronta con periculos considerabile post de quitar le nido. Le aves novemente capace de volar debe apprender rapidemente a piscar, e alcunes pote submerger se e morir durante lor prime tentativas de tuffar. Le tempore frigide, inundationes, manco de alimento, predatores, collisiones e perturbationes human pote tote causar mortalitate. Le pollution es particularmente significative proque le specie depende de predas aquatic e occupa un position relativemente alte in le catena alimentari de aqua dulce.<ref name="RSPB"/><ref name="ADW"/> Malgrado iste pressiones, le martin-piscator commun ha un vaste area de distribution e un grande population global. Solmente le populationes europee es estimate a grossiermente 160.000–320.000 individuos, e il non ha evidentia de un declino global satis grande pro approximar se al limines pro un classification de menaciate. Le specie es pro tanto listate como de Preoccupation Minime. Mantener cursos de aqua munde, ripas natural e san populationes de pisces remane importante pro sustener le populationes local.<ref name="BirdLife"/> == Signification cultural == Le apparentia frapante del martin-piscator commun ha attirate le attention human durante seculos. In Britannia, le credentias historic includeva le idea que un martin-piscator morte poteva esser suspendite pro indicar le direction del vento, dum le specie esseva un vice occidite pro taxidermia, uso decorative e plumas pro moscas de piscar. Tal practicas ha in grande parte disparite. Plus recentemente, le ave ha essite recognoscite como un specie emblematic de ambientes san de aqua dulce e esseva considerate como un possibile motivo pro le redesigno del bancnota de 10 € in le annos 2020.<ref name="ECB">European Central Bank, ''Future euro banknotes: motifs'', selection del motivo de un martin-piscator pro le futuro billet de €10.</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Alcedo|martin-piscator commun]] [[Categoria:Martines-piscator|martin-piscator commun]] [[Categoria:Aves de Eurasia]] [[Categoria:Aves de Japon]] [[Categoria:Aves describite in 1758]] [[Categoria:Taxones de animales nominate per Carl Linnaeus]] 39v8fsx7dwe4vx6mscvglhwhxhy4bqs 102 38952 699865 699513 2026-09-12T16:48:20Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 699865 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P105 wd:Q38348 } |wdq= |columns=item,label,P225,P171,P18,description |thumb=32 |links=red |references=all |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! label ! nomine del taxon ! taxon superior immediate ! imagine ! description |- | [[:d:Q1360|Q1360]] | [[arthropodo]] | Arthropoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Asian forest scorpion in Khao Yai National Park.JPG|center|32px]] | phylo de animales |- | [[:d:Q5182|Q5182]] | [[Kinorhyncha]] | Kinorhyncha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b2443bdb8eb065e0d3e88ce0d3b6b6fc0fba0b6a252f6528d420213f2db3c710">''[[:d:Q19317420|Phylum Kinorhyncha]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Echinoderes hwiizaa.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5183|Q5183]] | [[Loricifera]] | Loricifera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Pliciloricus enigmatus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5184|Q5184]] | [[Priapulida]] | Priapulida<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Priapulus caudatus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5185|Q5185]] | [[Nematoda]] | Nematoda<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Soybean cyst nematode and egg SEM.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5186|Q5186]] | [[Nematomorpha]] | Nematomorpha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Paragordius tricuspidatus.jpeg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5189|Q5189]] | [[Lobopodia]] | Lobopodia | [[Panarthropoda]] | [[File:20210000 Lobopodia lobopodians lobopods.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5191|Q5191]] | [[Onychophora]] | Onychophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e06a7e3c469f277c9344b5a5e835660a166c141af045136b523115727e6294ed">''[[:d:Q19329296|Phylum Onychophora Grube, 1853]]''</ref><ref name="ref_663c79fc9d0f4631a1ea8eaf1b8cddf2861b4797951760a3d62ca7c951bdb680">''[[:d:Q19329389|A world checklist of Onychophora (velvet worms), with notes on nomenclature and status of names]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Onycophora.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5194|Q5194]] | [[Tardigrada]] | Tardigrada<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_26601dc35694ad6f9ddc6db4b950317a802ee25d8b7bc8aa116c4b82ffe824c6">''[[:d:Q20019958|Phylum Tardigrada Doyère, 1840]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Ecdysozoa]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Hypsibiusdujardini.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q10915|Q10915]] | [[chordato]] | Chordata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[deuterostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_de89d1d7a3b9861aa896c2763db458e8269d1d9fb76891ffc54e0793ca104151">''[[:d:Q34008832|The mitochondrial DNA of Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis]]''</ref> | [[File:Chordata.png|center|32px]] | phylo de animales |- | [[:d:Q18960|Q18960]] | [[Porifera]] | Porifera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0dd0ecf7bf278d95aad8a405c4bd6fb82e01ce9d874347b2258c1e1c513a4305">''[[:d:Q19317985|Phylum Porifera Grant, 1836]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[animal]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Vaasspons2.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25326|Q25326]] | [[Molluscos|Mollusca]] | Mollusca<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Lophotrochozoa]] | [[File:Mollusca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25441|Q25441]] | [[Cnidari]] | Cnidaria<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Eumetazoa]] | [[File:Schleiden-meduse-2.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25522|Q25522]] | [[Annelida]] | Annelida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Nereis pelagica.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q41579|Q41579]] | [[acidobacterio]] | Acidobacteria<ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Acidobacterium.jpg|center|32px]] | phylo de bacterios |- | [[:d:Q44631|Q44631]] | [[Echinodermata]] | Echinodermata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ec6fcf770918be7d2fba2367606625b26ee439302860547d0a1fcfc8d330b2ce">''[[:d:Q54802324|Morphological diagnoses of higher taxa in Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) in support of a new classification]]''</ref> | [[deuterostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Ambulacraria]] | [[File:Ophionereis reticulata 1.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q93315|Q93315]] | [[Cyanobacteria]] | Cyanobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_53a0f2b03daa7019b2710ec8dd21755784650fbdc972046fa802842c113a1dae">''[[:d:Q693148|International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:201208 Cyanobacteria.png|center|32px]]<ref name="ref_fc1deb0c6e0726d35b5ca72104428b2a8286c0c11e4a9316bd654855cbfc0a80">http://togotv.dbcls.jp/ja/togopic.2012.18.html</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q102778|Q102778]] | [[Ctenophora|Ctenophoro]] | Ctenophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Eumetazoa]] | [[File:Ctenophore.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q106345|Q106345]] | [[Ciliophora]] | Ciliophora<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c7329662afc81d018cfa327740fedc871a21a94ccd87455d4b66bb43e6687bdf">''[[:d:Q51379118|Die Protozoen als Parasiten und Krankheitserreger nach biologischen Gesichtspunkten dargestellt]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0c75e9b8c29938e8ceeb68b324f0e6d093cc688bc34ab84739dfb06955fed89d">''[[:d:Q54018828|The Ciliated Protozoa]]''</ref> | [[File:Isotricha intestinalis.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q107027|Q107027]] | [[Foraminifera]] | Foraminifera | [[Rhizaria]] | [[File:Ammonia tepida.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q107920|Q107920]] | [[Radiolaria]] | Radiolaria | [[Rhizaria]] | [[File:Haeckel Stephoidea.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q120490|Q120490]] | [[Dinoflagellata]] | Dinoflagellata | [[Dinozoa]] | [[File:Ceratium furca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q124900|Q124900]] | [[Plathelminthes|Platyhelminthes]] | Platyhelminthes<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Haeckel Platodes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q130914|Q130914]] | [[Actinobacteria]] | Actinobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Actinomyces israelii.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q130999|Q130999]] | [[Proteobacteria]] | Proteobacteria<ref name="ref_620a847fbcac205b5a1c11ec93ed90db3e61acbe9fb1eae72bc08d4501f60cad">''[[:d:Q45316252|Validation List no. 106: Validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the IJSEM]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q131032|Q131032]] | [[Orthonectida]] | Orthonectida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[protostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Orthonetida dict flat and cylinder.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q131040|Q131040]] | [[Placozoa]] | Placozoa<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_40ddf737f368df45185f884350efa239024ce874f019eac59549d5ac5b0dd455">''[[:d:Q45817173|Ultrastructural analyses support different morphological lineages in the phylum Placozoa Grell, 1971]]''</ref> | [[animal]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Trichoplax mic.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q133219|Q133219]] | [[Charophyta]] | Charophyta | [[Viridiplantae]] | [[File:Chara braunii 1.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q134869|Q134869]] | [[Rhombozoa]] | Rhombozoa<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[protostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Dicyema macrocephalum.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q134886|Q134886]] | [[Deinococcus-Thermus]] | Deinococcus-Thermus<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Deinococcus radiodurans.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q137449|Q137449]] | [[Haplosporidia]] | Haplosporidia<ref name="ref_3e058715a18b00e3a22f9b5eb0650695fe4514068aaa169d060a0a28df4e00d5">''[[:d:Q108908969|Sur le genere Aplosporidium (nov.) et l'ordre nouveau des Aplosporidies]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c980fa20222306284d97e6128fcd535cd1bce8c8adf8489d2e8e896c8b6dfc99">''[[:d:Q108913858|Ergebnisse der neueren Sporozoenforschung]]''</ref> | [[Ascetosporea]] | | |- | [[:d:Q148134|Q148134]] | [[Bryozoa]] | Bryozoa<ref name="ref_6256a42967f0c0c32e9bbc0ffd2476e19bd0099fd27c9064d1af61288bdfb39c">''[[:d:Q21069476|Phylum Bryozoa Ehrenberg, 1831]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Haeckel Bryozoa.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q149075|Q149075]] | [[Firmicutes]] | Firmicutes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q162907|Q162907]] | [[Phoronida]] | Phoronida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Nur03506.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q174301|Q174301]] | [[Hemichordata]] | Hemichordata<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[deuterostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Eichelwurm.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q174698|Q174698]] | [[Basidiomycota]] | Basidiomycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Dikarya]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Haeckel Basimycetes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q174726|Q174726]] | [[Ascomycota]] | Ascomycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ddbcc7e85480f79a67652de9848eb190a612c56b4a88fde67c8d1ff4a91a1692">''[[:d:Q22065662|A revised six-kingdom system of life]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Dikarya]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Xylaria polymorpha a1.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q178235|Q178235]] | [[Acanthocephalo|Acanthocephala]] | Acanthocephala<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:C wegeneri.JPG|center|32px]] | phylo de vermes parasitic |- | [[:d:Q178272|Q178272]] | [[Brachiopoda]] | Brachiopoda<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:LingulaanatinaAA.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q180148|Q180148]] | [[Rotifera]] | Rotifera<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Habrotrocha rosa 1.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q185631|Q185631]] | [[Nemertea]] | Nemertea<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Micrura verrilli.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q189808|Q189808]] | [[Marchantiophyta]] | Marchantiophyta<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_15301d99d1ade1e5ecd1e0a19335fb2228f21fc8dc86f538b4814f324f2aa7e5">''[[:d:Q55952715|A Checklist of the Liverworts and Hornworts of North America]]''</ref><ref name="ref_e792f138d9d7ef71de54888c5770402ead4c342a7bfb3038ff616d954ddf4174">''[[:d:Q42319604|Correct author citations for some upper rank names of liverworts (Marchantiophyta)]]''</ref><ref name="ref_976bddadb39e933a9d91d0266ee5437aa9f02c00d56726e49f8588f6c7dbd601">''[[:d:Q75186175|Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta]]''</ref> | [[Embryophyta]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Assortment of Hepaticae from Kunstformen der Natur (1904), plate 82.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q190115|Q190115]] | [[Gastrotricha]] | Gastrotricha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Gastrotrich.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q192416|Q192416]] | [[Chaetognatha]] | Chaetognatha<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Gnathifera]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Chaetoblack.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q193030|Q193030]] | [[Apicomplexa]] | Apicomplexa<ref name="ref_a98611b933e05d46231f4bb4ff0ddb9ad643f023b1ca6561ce02d731ab2f2fc2">''[[:d:Q105882484|Taxonomy of the sporozoa]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]]<br/>[[Protisto|Protista]] | [[File:Malaria.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q204219|Q204219]] | [[Euryarchaeota]] | Euryarchaeota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Halobacteria.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q208580|Q208580]] | [[Entoprocta]] | Entoprocta<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Barentsa discreta suzukokemusi02.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q264543|Q264543]] | [[Chlorophyta]] | Chlorophyta<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Viridiplantae]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Ulvophyceae composite.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q459276|Q459276]] | [[Gnathostomulida]] | Gnathostomulida<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Gnathostomula paradoxa Sylt.tif|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q473747|Q473747]] | [[Chytridiomycota]] | Chytridiomycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Eumycota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Chytridiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Spizellomycete.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q473809|Q473809]] | [[Amoebozoa]] | Amoebozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ab4245d171ca4bc134853c75bbd29156738ecf599972dfd7a09b5d32fc4166fc">''[[:d:Q110094490|Handbuch der Morphologie der wirbellosen Tiere. Vol. 1]]''</ref> | [[Amorphea]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref><br/>[[Sarcomastigota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Amoebozoa.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q499078|Q499078]] | [[Crenarchaeota]] | Crenarchaeota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:RT8-4.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q499091|Q499091]] | [[Metamonada]] | Metamonada<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Excavata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Giardia lamblia.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q500497|Q500497]] | [[Cercozoa]] | Cercozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Rhizaria]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Cabozoa]]<ref name="ref_eb8f4182b34c0bc6aa9cf61e20312bb1c51fa4ad39fc1e8a71abf212f4f4c12b">''[[:d:Q28261633|Principles of protein and lipid targeting in secondary symbiogenesis: euglenoid, dinoflagellate, and sporozoan plastid origins and the eukaryote family tree]]''</ref> | [[File:Cercomonas sp.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q500531|Q500531]] | [[Haptophyta]] | Haptophyta<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_802acaa704182f044c5fde26b8cc8b7b63c1c9c3d15f61f10a60433407ac57fa">''[[:d:Q110221064|Phylogenetic reconstructions of the Haptophyta inferred from 18S ribosomal DNA sequences and available morphological data]]''</ref> | [[Haptista]]<ref name="ref_c9efd199c533dacedb4c96fcb7c6c45d8a130638058ce8c9b4536dd171de77e0">''[[:d:Q127708157|The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris]]''</ref> | [[File:Coccolithus pelagicus 07.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q502012|Q502012]] | [[Cycliophora]] | Cycliophora<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Symbion pandora wikipedia.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q504947|Q504947]] | [[Korarchaeota]] | Korarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Korarchaeota.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q548074|Q548074]] | [[Nanoarchaeota]] | Nanoarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Urzwerg.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q597831|Q597831]] | [[Aquificae]] | Aquificae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Venenivibrio.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q623375|Q623375]] | [[Chlorobacteria]] | Chlorobacteria | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Phylum-Chloroflexi-isolate-Anaerolineae-bacterium-HOT-439-is-dependent-on-a-helper-strain.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q645245|Q645245]] | [[Apusozoa]] | Apusozoa | [[Bikonta]] | [[File:Apusomonas.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q753723|Q753723]] | [[Glomeromycota]] | Glomeromycota<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3294b4563ef87fe76b2d4f35ae5f36e88603ea86ee1f9f7ffbe5c63d420f6d6b">''[[:d:Q21972835|A new fungal phylum, the Glomeromycota: phylogeny and evolution]]''</ref> | [[Eomycota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Mucoromyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Gigaspora margarita.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q851406|Q851406]] | [[Aschelminthes]] | Aschelminthes | [[protostome]] | [[File:Ascaris lumbricoides.jpeg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q875679|Q875679]] | [[Chlamydiae]] | Chlamydiae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:ChlamydiaTrachomatisEinschlusskörperchen.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q908484|Q908484]] | [[Tenericutes]] | Tenericutes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Spiro.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q921087|Q921087]] | [[Hyolitha]] | Hyolitha | [[Lophophorata]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref> | [[File:Hyoliths01.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q968988|Q968988]] | [[Heliozoa]] | | [[Hacrobia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Heliozoen.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1041942|Q1041942]] | [[Retaria]] | Retaria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Rhizaria]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Ammonia tepida.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1048772|Q1048772]] | [[Ochrophyta]] | Ochrophyta | [[Heterokonta]] | [[File:Kelp In Freycinet Tasmania.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1061265|Q1061265]] | [[Bacteroidetes]] | Bacteroidetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacteroides biacutis 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1096964|Q1096964]] | [[Myzozoa]] | Myzozoa | [[Protozoa]] | [[File:Haeckel Peridinea.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1137677|Q1137677]] | [[Fusobacteria]] | Fusobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Fusobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Fusobacterium novum 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1140791|Q1140791]] | [[Blastocladiomycota]] | Blastocladiomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<br/>[[Blastocladiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Rozella allomycis2.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1146853|Q1146853]] | [[Thermotogae]] | Thermotogae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Thermotoga sketch.svg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1147292|Q1147292]] | [[Gemmatimonadetes]] | Gemmatimonadetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1186957|Q1186957]] | [[Thaumarchaeota]] | Thaumarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q1197160|Q1197160]] | [[Cephalorhyncha]] | Cephalorhyncha | [[Ecdysozoa]] | [[File:Pliciloricus enigmatus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1200941|Q1200941]] | [[Fibrobacteres]] | Fibrobacteres<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q1261437|Q1261437]] | [[Vetulicolia]] | Vetulicolia | [[deuterostome]] | [[File:Vetucolia.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1289758|Q1289758]] | [[Chloroflexi]] | Chloroflexi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Phylum-Chloroflexi-isolate-Anaerolineae-bacterium-HOT-439-is-dependent-on-a-helper-strain.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1318124|Q1318124]] | [[Synergistetes]] | Synergistetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Synergistetes.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1349731|Q1349731]] | [[Chrysiogenetes]] | Chrysiogenetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q1437858|Q1437858]] | [[Fornicata]] | Fornicata | [[Metamonada]] | [[File:DysnectesBrevis.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q1782621|Q1782621]] | [[Telonemia]] | Telonemia<ref name="ref_3a6d30a20d30e94a37d36018cc8eecf43380d007805fcf21ed2359bc9642a9c4">''[[:d:Q23379060|Telonemia, a new protist phylum with affinity to chromist lineages]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ba96fb62023284fe1730c23752a29651d8fdd25e0b3f2d15de16bde335da90d">''[[:d:Q23380247|Large-scale phylogenomic analyses reveal that two enigmatic protist lineages, telonemia and centroheliozoa, are related to photosynthetic chromalveolates]]''</ref> | [[TSAR]] | [[File:Telonema rivulare (contrast micrography).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2294279|Q2294279]] | [[Sarcomastigophora]] | Sarcomastigophora<ref name="ref_77dc7c512b6e5462385cf5b7c49ae88daf74152e08857d54d9948f20bc38a850">''[[:d:Q54493498|A Revised Classification of the Phylum Protozoa*]]''</ref> | [[Protozoa]]<br/>[[Protisto|Protista]] | [[File:Gbulloides.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2334797|Q2334797]] | [[Trilobozoa]] | Trilobozoa | [[Eumetazoa]]<br/>[[animal]] | [[File:Tribrachiidae.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2512784|Q2512784]] | [[Vendozoa]] | Vendobionta<ref name="ref_fe61fc438eba64bbeb2f5b429d77af9885216792315cff23c26e3a2ec3734728">''[[:d:Q55895557|Vendobionta and Psammocorallia: lost constructions of Precambrian evolution]]''</ref> | [[animal]] | [[File:DickinsoniaCostata.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2566978|Q2566978]] | [[Proarticulata]] | Proarticulata | [[Bilateria]] | [[File:Dickinsonia Archaeaspinus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q2823622|Q2823622]] | [[Actinopoda]] | Actinopoda<ref name="ref_3d36609571cf0428a374b752f5c308e8434d1421a68d06061b54862fc9652ea9">''[[:d:Q29452358|A short biography of Hubert Ludwig and a note on the publication dates of his monograph Die Seewalzen (1889–1892)]]''</ref> | [[eucaryote]] | [[File:Actinophrys sol.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3347027|Q3347027]] | [[Nemathelminthes]] | Nemathelminthes | [[animal]] | [[File:Roundworm.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3376321|Q3376321]] | [[Petalonamae]] | Petalonamae | [[animal]] | [[File:Charnia.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3508193|Q3508193]] | [[Syndermata]] | Syndermata | [[Platyzoa]] | [[File:Bdelloid.JPG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3555432|Q3555432]] | [[Vendozoa]] | Vendozoa<ref name="ref_7a692d549cfcd9ca82e792db888888ffae536fdaa97b630b7e62602bd301ad7e">''[[:d:Q56001354|Vendozoa: Organismic construction in the Proterozoic biosphere]]''</ref> | [[animal]] | [[File:DickinsoniaCostata.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q3570860|Q3570860]] | [[Xenacoelomorpha]] | Xenacoelomorpha<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[deuterostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><br/>[[Bilateria]]<ref name="ref_32b050f9596d0885e951362d83811c4173a265bfe5c3607fb865c64500abb104">''[[:d:Q29305163|Xenacoelomorpha is the sister group to Nephrozoa]]''</ref><br/>[[Xenambulacraria]] | [[File:Proporus sp.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q4033604|Q4033604]] | [[Aigarchaeota]] | Aigarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q4792907|Q4792907]] | [[Armatimonadetes]] | Armatimonadetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_02ef276519854a01f66486d26a78484b187383278872729a929c119896f92f7f">''[[:d:Q33630155|Armatimonas rosea gen. nov., sp. nov., of a novel bacterial phylum, Armatimonadetes phyl. nov., formally called the candidate phylum OP10.]]''</ref> | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q4907045|Q4907045]] | [[Bigyra]] | Bigyra | [[Heterokonta]] | [[File:Aplanosem.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5031741|Q5031741]] | [[Saccharibacteria]] | Saccharibacteria | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q5113799|Q5113799]] | [[Chromerida]] | Chromerida | [[Alveolata]] | | |- | [[:d:Q5114906|Q5114906]] | [[Chrysophyta]] | Chrysophyta | [[Stramenopiles]]<br/>[[Protisto|Protista]]<br/>[[Chromista]]<ref name="ref_73dc4ac66b0c56ff1c8223c8dca9fe47b52d0c3701e24bab7c504112ae78d664">''[[:d:Q604063|World Register of Marine Species]]''</ref> | [[File:Alger, Botydium granulatum, Nordisk familjebok.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5365047|Q5365047]] | [[Pseudofungi]] | Pseudofungi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Stramenopiles]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Water mold Mizukabi colony.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q5367954|Q5367954]] | [[Elusimicrobia]] | Elusimicrobia<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q5376372|Q5376372]] | [[Endomyxa]] | Endomyxa | [[Rhizaria]]<ref name="ref_d6ddbab10ac7ee97f02e92018dda7d2b18e4bf25576f2edb4e27e7c9b4ff16e4">''[[:d:Q125775961|On the phenology of protists: recurrent patterns reveal seasonal variation of protistan (Rhizaria: Cercozoa and Endomyxa) communities in tree canopies]]''</ref> | [[File:Collection Penard MHNG Specimen 427-1-1 Gromia brunneri.tif|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q7576782|Q7576782]] | [[Sphingobacteria]] | Sphingobacteria | [[bacterio]] | [[File:Bacteroides biacutis 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q9358965|Q9358965]] | [[Pyrrophyta]] | Pyrrophyta | [[eucaryote]] | | |- | [[:d:Q9642991|Q9642991]] | [[Bacillariophyta]] | Bacillariophyta | [[Chromista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q9810870|Q9810870]] | [[Bacteroidota]] | Bacteroidota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacteroides biacutis 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q9850230|Q9850230]] | [[Conjugatophyta]] | Conjugatophyta | [[Chlorobionts]] | | |- | [[:d:Q10278368|Q10278368]] | [[Euthallophyta]] | Euthallophyta | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q10286677|Q10286677]] | [[Elusimicrobiota]] | Elusimicrobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q10317255|Q10317255]] | [[Lentisphaerota]] | Lentisphaerota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q10334205|Q10334205]] | [[Myxomycota]] | Myxomycota | [[Protisto|Protista]] | [[File:Tubifera ferruginosa 52288.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q10640455|Q10640455]] | [[Picozoa]] | Picozoa<ref name="ref_6f84893f17d7dac5f1f35e78e801676446c737f5807c18239365a578d6349f8b">''[[:d:Q21089798|Picomonas judraskeda Gen. Et Sp. Nov.: The First Identified Member of the Picozoa Phylum Nov., a Widespread Group of Picoeukaryotes, Formerly Known as ‘Picobiliphytes’]]''</ref> | [[Archaeplastida]] | [[File:Picomonas judraskeda.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q11299399|Q11299399]] | [[Cryptista]] | Cryptista<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pancryptista]]<ref name="ref_c9efd199c533dacedb4c96fcb7c6c45d8a130638058ce8c9b4536dd171de77e0">''[[:d:Q127708157|The closest lineage of Archaeplastida is revealed by phylogenomics analyses that include Microheliella maris]]''</ref><br/>[[Hacrobia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:CSIRO ScienceImage 6743 SEM Cryptophyte.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12063165|Q12063165]] | [[Fibrobacterota]] | Fibrobacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | phylo de bacterios |- | [[:d:Q12217510|Q12217510]] | [[Armatimonadota]] | Armatimonadota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q12651951|Q12651951]] | [[Chlorobi]] | Chlorobi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Green d winogradsky.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12652693|Q12652693]] | [[Deferribacteres]] | Deferribacteres<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q12673555|Q12673555]] | [[Spirochaete]] | Spirochaetae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:20100905 211652 Spirochetes.jpg|center|32px]] | phylo e classe de bacterios |- | [[:d:Q12746761|Q12746761]] | [[Preaxostyla]] | Preaxostyla | [[Excavata]] | | |- | [[:d:Q12772144|Q12772144]] | [[Myxosporidia]] | Myxosporidia | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q12962137|Q12962137]] | [[Pseudomonadota]] | Pseudomonadota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:E. coli Bacteria (7316101966).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12962791|Q12962791]] | [[Chlorobiota]] | Chlorobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Green d winogradsky.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12963338|Q12963338]] | [[Dictyoglomi]] | Dictyoglomi<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Negibacteria]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q12963847|Q12963847]] | [[Methanobacteriota]] | Methanobacteriota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Halobacteria.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12968254|Q12968254]] | [[Mycoplasmatota]] | Mycoplasmatota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Spiro.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q12971472|Q12971472]] | [[Synergistota]] | Synergistota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Synergistetes.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q13012345|Q13012345]] | [[Cyanophyta]] | Cyanophyta | [[Negibacteria]]<ref name="ref_ed6a5d9605b0cd838b6d9340f4bb33ff8536a0c347663334e025d2753d4a8996">''[[:d:Q796451|Fossilworks]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q13014476|Q13014476]] | [[Schizomycophyta]] | Schizomycophyta | [[Prokaryota]] | | |- | [[:d:Q13392618|Q13392618]] | [[Entomophthoromycota]] | Entomophthoromycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref> | [[File:Entomophthora muscae on Scathophaga stercoraria (lateral view).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q14562931|Q14562931]] | [[Magnoliophyta]] | Magnoliophyta<ref name="ref_b11b218b4e78afdf4e1a12aa41014c142cf7927e54dc9a0ba50bffaa21b01589">''[[:d:Q22061791|A checklist of familial and suprafamilial names for extant vascular plants]]''</ref><ref name="ref_3f07815f8d9c6b2b79b3c9023407930cdd8834c3373e899b3932628a9d941fb5">''[[:d:Q14916673|Reveal System of Classification]]''</ref><ref name="ref_52c422a3a63aa15cea70f788af0d98a62756f3c860fdd8b758b51fe95d8330a2">''[[:d:Q55869373|Flowering Plants]]''</ref> | [[Spermatophyta]]<br/>[[Cycadophytanae]] | [[File:Magnoliafraseri rt1.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q15156941|Q15156941]] | [[Perkinsozoa]] | Perkinsozoa<ref name="ref_77dfd8970bd2bf14090bf4300c1d002007cc78a4a2b6e598d9de32feee6f3950">''[[:d:Q56038565|Parvilucifera infectans norén et moestrup gen. et sp. nov. (perkinsozoa phylum nov.): a parasitic flagellate capable of killing toxic microalgae]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]] | | taxon |- | [[:d:Q15283231|Q15283231]] | [[Loukozoa]] | Loukozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Excavata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Malawimonasms.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q16118567|Q16118567]] | [[Nitrososphaerota]] | Nitrososphaerota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:ThaspiviridaeFig1rv2.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q17504643|Q17504643]] | [[Aphelida]] | Aphelida<ref name="ref_185afa0acd75b325098430683495cb0acd61ad3f71735cb5b4e6cd28db4cd38c">''[[:d:Q21131107|Morphology, phylogeny, and ecology of the aphelids (Aphelidea, Opisthokonta) and proposal for the new superphylum Opisthosporidia]]''</ref> | [[Opisthosporidia]] | [[File:Amoeboaphelidium.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18636217|Q18636217]] | [[Micrognathozoa]] | Micrognathozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Spiralia]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Limnognathia maerski.PNG|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18647867|Q18647867]] | [[Lentisphaerae]] | Lentisphaerae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q18667425|Q18667425]] | [[Verrucomicrobia]] | Verrucomicrobia<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_14a405d37222afc2a5fd122a43b7ba0323ff94c1ffc61672c369b6afa236fe03">''[[:d:Q36882454|Verrucomicrobia div. nov., a new division of the bacteria containing three new species of Prosthecobacter]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f60752922dfd8784bc96d8c8f468baf4600cf2b4a9fb2b90ed69204c6e6cde49">''[[:d:Q33637195|Cerasicoccus maritimus sp. nov. and Cerasicoccus frondis sp. nov., two peptidoglycan-less marine verrucomicrobial species, and description of Verrucomicrobia phyl. nov., nom. rev.]]''</ref><ref name="ref_66f98747a61f78fa1304ca6a2d59d4a7d0e46fcf53c694f3106fdaf46252872c">''[[:d:Q45322085|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:TEM - Epixenosomes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18668442|Q18668442]] | [[Spirochaete]] | Spirochaetota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:20100905 211652 Spirochetes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18674593|Q18674593]] | [[Planctomycetota]] | Planctomycetota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Figure-2-Scanning-electron-micrograph-of-P.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q18674594|Q18674594]] | [[Planctomycetes]] | Planctomycetes<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Santarella plosbio 2010 gemmata obscuriglobus fig3.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q19683970|Q19683970]] | [[Deferribacterota]] | Deferribacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q19868361|Q19868361]] | [[Lokiarchaeota]] | Lokiarchaeota<ref name="ref_4adb43d2d2facce52a651d6074856d685756fa9a52691580162aadfb614c76d2">''[[:d:Q22809057|Complex archaea that bridge the gap between prokaryotes and eukaryotes]]''</ref> | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20388896|Q20388896]] | [[Chlamydiota]] | Chlamydiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:ChlamydiaTrachomatisEinschlusskörperchen.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q20641774|Q20641774]] | [[Mastigomycota]] | Mastigomycota | [[Eumycota]] | | |- | [[:d:Q20643853|Q20643853]] | [[Thermodesulfobacteria]] | Thermodesulfobacteria<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20721206|Q20721206]] | [[Melainabacteria]] | Melainabacteria | [[Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20751938|Q20751938]] | [[Nitrospirae]] | Nitrospirae<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q20804840|Q20804840]] | [[Caldiserica]] | Caldiserica<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref><ref name="ref_2f1338e18d27781ad188f99c4efb0138bd47ca4011fafa0455d096c8b78ff992">''[[:d:Q33486346|Caldisericum exile gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic, filamentous bacterium of a novel bacterial phylum, Caldiserica phyl. nov., originally called the candidate phylum OP5, and description of Caldisericaceae fam. nov., Caldisericales o]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q21092088|Q21092088]] | [[Sulcozoa]] | Sulcozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Sarcomastigota]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Apusomonas.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21286613|Q21286613]] | [[Heterokontophyta]] | Heterokontophyta | [[Heterokonta]] | [[File:Giantkelp2 300.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21293795|Q21293795]] | [[Monoblastozoa]] | Monoblastozoa<ref name="ref_1564da301e83b5d97bf5a357b80f94ddc4320ba1509c91b52cbd38a11c2bcb66">''[[:d:Q51456687|Classification of the animal kingdom]]''</ref> | [[animal]] | [[File:Salinella salve Frenzel.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21397920|Q21397920]] | [[Clostridium tetani E88]] | Clostridium tetani E88 | [[Clostridium tetani]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21439067|Q21439067]] | [[Aquificota]] | Aquificota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Venenivibrio.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21439314|Q21439314]] | [[Chrysiogenota]] | Chrysiogenota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q21441825|Q21441825]] | [[Fusobacteriota]] | Fusobacteriota | [[Fusobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Fusobacterium novum 01.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21442539|Q21442539]] | [[Chloroflexota]] | Chloroflexota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Phylum-Chloroflexi-isolate-Anaerolineae-bacterium-HOT-439-is-dependent-on-a-helper-strain.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21445621|Q21445621]] | [[Neomonada]] | Neomonada | [[Opimoda|Neozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21445839|Q21445839]] | [[Opalozoa]] | Opalozoa | [[Bigyra]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446030|Q21446030]] | [[Granuloreticulosa]] | Granuloreticulosa | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446061|Q21446061]] | [[Ascetospora]] | Ascetospora<ref name="ref_05b76844e293ed05b5e8d83c431f65580cf714a96e7fafa867717d1a6ed1c182">''[[:d:Q108899521|Classification of the Haplosporidia]]''</ref> | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446189|Q21446189]] | [[Haptomonada]] | Haptomonada | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446445|Q21446445]] | [[Plasmodiophoromycota]] | Plasmodiophoromycota | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446765|Q21446765]] | [[Protomonada]] | Protomonada | [[Flagelloopalinida]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446795|Q21446795]] | [[Prymnesiophyta]] | Prymnesiophyta | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446800|Q21446800]] | [[Karyoblastea]] | Karyoblastea | [[Rhizopoda]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446920|Q21446920]] | [[Pyrrhophyta]] | Pyrrhophyta | [[Pyrrophyta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21446977|Q21446977]] | [[Chrysomonada]] | Chrysomonada | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447010|Q21447010]] | [[Raphidophyta]] | Raphidophyta | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447146|Q21447146]] | [[Dicyemida]] | Dicyemida | [[protostome]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Dicyema macrocephalum.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447237|Q21447237]] | [[Thermoproteota]] | Thermoproteota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:RT8-4.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447509|Q21447509]] | [[Dinophyta]] | Dinophyta | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447667|Q21447667]] | [[Miozoa]] | Miozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Alveolata]]<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[File:Oxyrrhis marina.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447813|Q21447813]] | [[Tetramastigota]] | Tetramastigota | [[eucaryote]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21447826|Q21447826]] | [[Thermodesulfobacteriota]] | Thermodesulfobacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Thermodesulfobacterium hydrogeniphilum.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q21447831|Q21447831]] | [[Thraustochytriacea]] | Thraustochytriacea | [[Protisto|Protista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21448006|Q21448006]] | [[Xanthophyta]] | Xanthophyta | [[Chromista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21448056|Q21448056]] | [[Zoomastigina]] | Zoomastigina | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q21573733|Q21573733]] | [[Rappemonada]] | Rappemonada | [[Hacrobia]] | | |- | [[:d:Q22094454|Q22094454]] | [[Percolozoa]] | Percolozoa<ref name="ref_d95c01ce3120736f46039a59308ab5d0f2123e346203e57a6823d2596a976565">''[[:d:Q19858624|A higher level classification of all living organisms]]''</ref> | [[Discoba]]<ref name="ref_88ff74caebbdff69adae1309530f8930d8ba5d8e8ac089aa0eb81bf4fefdaad6">''[[:d:Q57086550|Revisions to the Classification, Nomenclature, and Diversity of Eukaryotes]]''</ref> | [[File:Naegleria (formes).png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q22113496|Q22113496]] | [[Dictyoglomota]] | Dictyoglomota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q22159986|Q22159986]] | [[Hepatophyta]] | Hepatophyta | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q23044259|Q23044259]] | [[Sphenophyta]] | Sphenophyta | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q23419047|Q23419047]] | [[Problematica]] | Problematica | [[animal]] | [[File:Problematica Silurica (Plate 2) (7629246330).jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q24088016|Q24088016]] | [[Discomitochondria]] | Discomitochondria | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q24150684|Q24150684]] | [[Agmata]] | Agmata | [[animal]] | [[File:StadtmuseumBerlin GeologischeSammlung SM-2012-1604.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q24975421|Q24975421]] | [[Poribacteria]] | Poribacteria | [[bacterio]] | [[File:Poribacteria localisation using correlative microscopy.gif|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25228461|Q25228461]] | [[Verrucomicrobiota]] | Verrucomicrobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:TEM - Epixenosomes.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25508584|Q25508584]] | [[Parvarchaeota]] | Parvarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:25K15pA9Def4sec Arman 4 Box1.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25508587|Q25508587]] | [[Diapherotrites]] | Diapherotrites | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q25508591|Q25508591]] | [[Aenigmarchaeota]] | Aenigmarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q25519942|Q25519942]] | [[Bacillota]] | Bacillota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Bacillus subtilis Gram.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25539559|Q25539559]] | [[Psilophyta]] | Psilophyta | [[planta]] | [[File:Psilotum.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25577567|Q25577567]] | [[Cyanobacteriota]] | Cyanobacteriota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:201208 Cyanobacteria.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q25834462|Q25834462]] | [[Euglenozoa]] | Euglenozoa<ref name="ref_f9911c01cb81196762d2c6675b2d790f9a923331f602282f796e7af4ea25d82d">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536202</ref><ref name="ref_e42897ef28ca1fbc09977e9a4a2b32bbcf01800c47a324caca5014b17fe73964">''[[:d:Q22919249|Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?]]''</ref> | [[Euglenozoa]]<ref name="ref_f9911c01cb81196762d2c6675b2d790f9a923331f602282f796e7af4ea25d82d">http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536202</ref><ref name="ref_772a9b96f11299bb1ce0d28c2a3a6e4244c6b6d8b24ff822acd47644eb07410d">http://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=117576</ref><br/>[[Discicristata]]<ref name="ref_614fb8f075f79819a8e5dacfa2ef160947f7237cfd6bac90b82407d11bdf8b00">''[[:d:Q30885386|The excavate protozoan phyla Metamonada Grassé emend. (Anaeromonadea, Parabasalia, Carpediemonas, Eopharyngia) and Loukozoa emend. (Jakobea, Malawimonas): their evolutionary affinities and new higher taxa]]''</ref> | [[File:Euglena sp..jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q26209713|Q26209713]] | [[Rhodothermaeota]] | Rhodothermaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26220359|Q26220359]] | [[Ignavibacteriota]] | Ignavibacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26714852|Q26714852]] | [[Nitrospinae]] | Nitrospinae | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827889|Q26827889]] | [[Acetothermia]] | Acetothermia | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827898|Q26827898]] | [[Aerophobetes]] | Aerophobetes | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q108072710|Q108072710]] | [[Caulochytriomycota]] | Caulochytriomycota | [[Chytridiomyceta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q108389880|Q108389880]] | [[Sanchytriomycota]] | Sanchytriomycota | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | [[File:Sanchytrid cells Fig1.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q109377432|Q109377432]] | [[Huberarchaeota]] | Huberarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q110712107|Q110712107]] | [[Thermomicrobia]] | Thermomicrobia | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q110746365|Q110746365]] | [[Atribacterota]] | Atribacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:41467 2020 20149 Fig1f.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q110917266|Q110917266]] | [[Nanohaloarchaeota]] | Nanohaloarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q111169035|Q111169035]] | [[Bdellovibrionota]] | Bdellovibrionota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Slice from electron cryotomogram of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus cell.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q111686092|Q111686092]] | [[Undinarchaeota]] | Undinarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q113867475|Q113867475]] | [[Njordarchaeota]] | Njordarchaeota | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q113882847|Q113882847]] | [[sporae dispersae]] | sporae dispersae | [[planta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q117089091|Q117089091]] | [[Moresnetiophyta]] | Moresnetiophyta | [[Cycadophytanae]] | | |- | [[:d:Q117323675|Q117323675]] | [[Actinobacteriota]] | Actinobacteriota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119526751|Q119526751]] | [[Caldisericota]] | Caldisericota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119788827|Q119788827]] | [[Annelida]] | Annelida | [[Lophozoa]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119788837|Q119788837]] | [[Cnidaria]] | Cnidaria | [[Radiata]]<ref name="ref_742573e81966c74fcb0897653cc500a68a280889d67427e580b4a02e8de39024">''[[:d:Q82575|Integrated Taxonomic Information System]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119822695|Q119822695]] | [[Saccharimonadota]] | Saccharimonadota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q119841401|Q119841401]] | [[Spironematellophyta]] | Spironematellophyta | [[Protozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q121290984|Q121290984]] | [[Candidatus Auribacterota]] | Auribacterota<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q121887854|Q121887854]] | [[Priapula]] | Priapula | | | |- | [[:d:Q121887868|Q121887868]] | [[Acanthocephala (cins)]] | Acanthocephala | | | |- | [[:d:Q122973879|Q122973879]] | [[Nanobdellota]] | Nanobdellota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Urzwerg.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q123461054|Q123461054]] | [[Methylomirabilota]] | Methylomirabilota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q123631188|Q123631188]] | [[Thermomicrobiota]] | Thermomicrobiota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q124140374|Q124140374]] | [[Langiophytophyta]] | Langiophytophyta | [[Bryobiotina]] | [[File:Aglaophyton major reconstruccion en.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q124318339|Q124318339]] | [[Microcaldota]] | Microcaldota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q124653641|Q124653641]] | [[Brockarchaeota]] | Brockarchaeota | [[archeo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q124736019|Q124736019]] | [[Aminicenantota]] | Aminicenantota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q125044953|Q125044953]] | [[Saccorhytida]] | Saccorhytida | [[Ecdysozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q127598725|Q127598725]] | [[Candidatus Babelota]] | Candidatus Babelota<ref name="ref_a2a626b36040c9cc7c50aecc55770281ec611775daf45f37c012f15102a0c642">''[[:d:Q36647264|Comparative Genomics of Candidate Phylum TM6 Suggests That Parasitism Is Widespread and Ancestral in This Lineage.]]''</ref> | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q127686997|Q127686997]] | [[Nebulidia]] | Nebulidia | [[Provora]] | | |- | [[:d:Q127687643|Q127687643]] | [[Halobacteriota]] | Halobacteriota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128247205|Q128247205]] | [[Cloacimonadota]] | Cloacimonadota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128247315|Q128247315]] | [[Muiribacteriota]] | Muiribacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q128247694|Q128247694]] | [[Elulimicrobiota]] | Elulimicrobiota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q128504387|Q128504387]] | [[Hadarchaeota]] | Hadarchaeota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128598620|Q128598620]] | [[Desulfobacterota]] | Desulfobacterota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128598652|Q128598652]] | [[Bipolaricaulota]] | Bipolaricaulota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q128635785|Q128635785]] | [[Asgardarchaeota]] | Asgardarchaeota | [[archeo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q128788757|Q128788757]] | [[Promethearchaeota]] | Promethearchaeota | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q130259571|Q130259571]] | [[Thermoplasmatota]] | Thermoplasmatota<ref name="ref_4c90cde234f10f42a4d5ba252a0894f21547c3717d68972f14682f2b81766ad7">''[[:d:Q123289567|Proposal of names for 329 higher rank taxa defined in the Genome Taxonomy Database under two prokaryotic codes]]''</ref> | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q130427981|Q130427981]] | [[Nibbleridia]] | Nibbleridia | [[Provora]] | [[File:Outline drawing of Ubysseya fretuma.svg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q130693641|Q130693641]] | [[Ambiviricota]] | Ambiviricota | [[Orthornavirae]] | | |- | [[:d:Q131299205|Q131299205]] | [[Campylobacterota]] | Campylobacterota<ref name="ref_ab8cedfdaeb57dda04aad9965d1c480c5f2185b2fae158f356311076ef6983f1">''[[:d:Q124791084|Valid publication of the names of forty-two phyla of prokaryotes]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131585232|Q131585232]] | [[Sysuimicrobiota]] | Sysuimicrobiota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q131585276|Q131585276]] | [[Eremiobacterota]] | Eremiobacterota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131822313|Q131822313]] | [[Iainarchaeota]] | Iainarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131987420|Q131987420]] | [[Nanohalarchaeota]] | Nanohalarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q131988525|Q131988525]] | [[Poseidoniota]] | Poseidoniota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q132852528|Q132852528]] | [[Minisyncoccota]] | Minisyncoccota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q133292922|Q133292922]] | [[Patescibacteriota]] | Patescibacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q134283829|Q134283829]] | [[Fidelibacterota]] | Fidelibacterota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q134389434|Q134389434]] | [[Vulcanimicrobiota]] | Vulcanimicrobiota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135012866|Q135012866]] | [[Freyrarchaeota]] | Freyrarchaeota | [[archeo]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135031819|Q135031819]] | [[Hodarchaeota]] | Hodarchaeota | [[archeo]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135038427|Q135038427]] | [[Nezhaarchaeota]] | Nezhaarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135489975|Q135489975]] | [[Hydrothermota]] | Hydrothermota | [[Pseudomonadati]] | | |- | [[:d:Q135494149|Q135494149]] | [[Augarchaeota]] | Augarchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135494257|Q135494257]] | [[Aenigmatarchaeota]] | Aenigmatarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q135657034|Q135657034]] | [[Dormibacterota]] | Candidatus Dormibacterota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q135686940|Q135686940]] | [[Muellerivitota]] | Muellerivitota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q135686941|Q135686941]] | [[Oederibacteriota]] | Oederibacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q136768066|Q136768066]] | [[Acidulidesulfobacteriota]] | Acidulidesulfobacteriota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q136773909|Q136773909]] | [[Desulfotomaculota]] | Desulfotomaculota | | | |- | [[:d:Q136912989|Q136912989]] | [[Caelestes]] | Caelestes | [[Membrifera]] | | |- | [[:d:Q136956224|Q136956224]] | [[Ryujiniota]] | Ryujiniota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q138425208|Q138425208]] | [[Dictyoglomerota]] | Dictyoglomerota<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q140571826|Q140571826]] | [["Candidatus Acetithermota" corrig. Rinke et al. 2013]] | "Candidatus Acetithermota" | [[Thermotogati]] | | |- | [[:d:Q140577645|Q140577645]] | [[Caldifarciminota]] | Caldifarciminota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q141198607|Q141198607]] | [[Methanomethylicota]] | Methanomethylicota | [[archeo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q141224092|Q141224092]] | [[Neoluka]] | Neoluka | [[Excavata]] | [[File:Ancyromonadida.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q26827901|Q26827901]] | [[Aminicenantes]] | Aminicenantes | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827906|Q26827906]] | [[Hydrogenedentes]] | Hydrogenedentes | [[Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827909|Q26827909]] | [[Micrarchaeota]] | Micrarchaeota | [[Nanobdellati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26827910|Q26827910]] | [[Woesearchaeota]] | Woesearchaeota | [[DPANN]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827912|Q26827912]] | [[Pacearchaeota]] | Pacearchaeota | [[DPANN]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827914|Q26827914]] | [[Bathyarchaeota]] | Bathyarchaeota | [[TACK]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26827915|Q26827915]] | [[Geoarchaeota]] | Geoarchaeota | [[archeo]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26869732|Q26869732]] | [[Ignavibacteriae]] | Ignavibacteriae<ref name="ref_51ce1d7c1b510fc1cc914c148b06054cf3f25e3e422923184555cad17f3922c6">''[[:d:Q45327616|List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26920574|Q26920574]] | [[Calescibacteriota]] | Calescamantes | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26920948|Q26920948]] | [[Pyropristinus]] | Pyropristinus | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26921036|Q26921036]] | [[Latescibacteriota]] | Latescibacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26959588|Q26959588]] | [[Cloacimonetes]] | Cloacimonetes | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26962485|Q26962485]] | [[Fervidibacteria]] | Fervidibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26967716|Q26967716]] | [[Gracilibacteria]] | Gracilibacteria | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q26970560|Q26970560]] | [[Marinimicrobia]] | "Candidatus Marinimicrobia" | [[Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q26997057|Q26997057]] | [[Parcubacteria]] | Parcubacteria | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q27001824|Q27001824]] | [[Omnitrophica]] | Omnitrophica | [[Planctobacteria]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27067426|Q27067426]] | [[Modulibacteria]] | Modulibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27067589|Q27067589]] | [[Berkelbacteria]] | Berkelbacteria | [[CPR group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27075862|Q27075862]] | [[Absconditabacteria]] | Absconditabacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27076080|Q27076080]] | [[Katanobacteria]] | Katanobacteria | [[CPR group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27077239|Q27077239]] | [[Zixibacteria]] | Zixibacteria | [[Sphingobacteria]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27101797|Q27101797]] | [[Kryptonia]] | Kryptonia | [[Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27102094|Q27102094]] | [[Rokubacteria]] | Rokubacteria | [[Gracilicutes]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27102375|Q27102375]] | [[Peregrinibacteria]] | Peregrinibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27114078|Q27114078]] | [[Wirthbacteria]] | Wirthbacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27116672|Q27116672]] | [[Beckwithbacteria]] | Beckwithbacteria | [[Microgenomates]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27116707|Q27116707]] | [[Collierbacteria]] | Collierbacteria | [[Microgenomates]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27146460|Q27146460]] | [[Adlerbacteria]] | Adlerbacteria | [[CPR group]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27668676|Q27668676]] | [[Thorarchaeota]] | Thorarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q27928169|Q27928169]] | [[Mucoromycota]] | Mucoromycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]] | [[File:Mucoromycota.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q28052236|Q28052236]] | [[Entorrhizomycota]] | Entorrhizomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Dikarya]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q28777755|Q28777755]] | [[Balneolaeota]] | Balneolaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q29166402|Q29166402]] | [[Haplospora]] | Haplospora | [[Protoctista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q43032442|Q43032442]] | [[Corbihelia]] | Corbihelia | [[Cryptista]] | | |- | [[:d:Q45909159|Q45909159]] | [[Entamoebia]] | Entamoebia<ref name="ref_6a3224ed9e9612f3b161f90deafb215ffecae36153e66735b907fd7bacda7748">''[[:d:Q24634634|Kingdom protozoa and its 18 phyla]]''</ref> | [[Opimoda|Neozoa]] | | |- | [[:d:Q48846920|Q48846920]] | [[Myxococcota]] | Myxococcota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q49408504|Q49408504]] | [[Gemmatimonadota]] | Gemmatimonadota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Gemmatimonas aurantiaca.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q53818217|Q53818217]] | [[Aphelidiomycota]] | Aphelidiomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | [[Aphelidiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Amoeboaphelidium.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q53818226|Q53818226]] | [[Basidiobolomycota]] | Basidiobolomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Basidiobolomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q54281951|Q54281951]] | [[Kickxellomycota]] | Kickxellomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q54463178|Q54463178]] | [[Monoblepharomycota]] | Monoblepharomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | [[Chytridiomycota]]<br/>[[Chytridiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[File:Monoblephs 002.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q54463182|Q54463182]] | [[Mortierellomycota]] | Mortierellomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[fungo]]<ref name="ref_25e2d10666311fea92ecdca7bade98031d9ac2b0b211147759a9262408609954">''[[:d:Q133256687|The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q54653006|Q54653006]] | [[Olpidiomycota]] | Olpidiomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | [[Olpidiomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56354566|Q56354566]] | [[Rhodothermota]] | Rhodothermota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56354595|Q56354595]] | [[Calditrichaeota]] | Calditrichaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56354628|Q56354628]] | [[Balneolota]] | Balneolota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56702807|Q56702807]] | [[Heimdallarchaeota]] | Heimdallarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q56704336|Q56704336]] | [[Calditrichota]] | Calditrichota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q56706714|Q56706714]] | [[Odinarchaeota]] | Odinarchaeota | [[Promethearchaeati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q57737752|Q57737752]] | [[Negarnaviricota]] | Negarnaviricota<ref name="ref_6b59cf7c993039ecd827a0daedf01e9cff413914331272d22962b5f910d625ee">''[[:d:Q57700017|ICTV Master Species List 2018a v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f23c41f011ca49f9252d0ff4436e8c393a0b2e3ed4560797f4e9f6edf16126b5">''[[:d:Q62075759|ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2]]''</ref><ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[File:Negarnaviricota montage.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q57899030|Q57899030]] | [[Coprothermobacterota]] | Coprothermobacterota<ref name="ref_5adebfffdd6e1a7375f0d21bc4d1d54f640873304318658c72f86dbab967138f">''[[:d:Q51143933|Proposal for a new classification of a deep branching bacterial phylogenetic lineage: transfer of Coprothermobacter proteolyticus and Coprothermobacter platensis to Coprothermobacteraceae fam. nov., within Coprothermobacterales ord. nov., Coprotherm]]''</ref> | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q58687931|Q58687931]] | [[Hemimastigophora]] | Hemimastigophora<ref name="ref_58dfc1d83951e35703b2a2a1aba78948c7015d0ae4a435375316002039078fa3">''[[:d:Q85570914|The hemimastigophora (Hemimastix amphikineta nov. gen., nov. spec.), a new protistan phylum from gondwanian soils]]''</ref> | [[eucaryote]] | [[File:Hemimastix amphikineta.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q60572600|Q60572600]] | [[Nitrospirota]] | Nitrospirota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q61057246|Q61057246]] | [[Abditibacteriota]] | Abditibacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q62066295|Q62066295]] | [[Kiritimatiellaeota]] | Kiritimatiellaeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q62573436|Q62573436]] | [[Actinomycetota]] | Actinomycetota | [[Bacillati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Actinomyces israelii.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q65598611|Q65598611]] | [[Helarchaeota]] | Helarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q73346622|Q73346622]] | [[Acidobacteraeota]] | Acidobacteraeota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q73346628|Q73346628]] | [[Acidobacterium group]] | Acidobacterium group | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q73346630|Q73346630]] | [[Acidobacterio|Acidobacteriota]] | Acidobacteriota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Acidobacterium.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q79918695|Q79918695]] | [[Verstraetearchaeota]] | Verstraetearchaeota | [[Thermoproteati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q79969204|Q79969204]] | [[Altiarchaeota]] | Altiarchaeota | [[DPANN]] | | |- | [[:d:Q81642167|Q81642167]] | [[Rozellomycota]] | Rozellomycota<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b8c256ef49f76a6773946589846ce8cc2fc176141191f08a0f5375fe804cab79">''[[:d:Q117487849|Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021]]''</ref> | [[Rozellomyceta]]<ref name="ref_25c6a9aea8701af24f6d298405ca9409b4ad92c1cbe2b0c8f4d0d9b6f549e013">''[[:d:Q54803234|High-level classification of the Fungi and a tool for evolutionary ecological analyses]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q87745169|Q87745169]] | [[Hydrothermarchaeota]] | Hydrothermarchaeota | [[Methanobacteriati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q87991691|Q87991691]] | [[Marsarchaeota]] | Marsarchaeota | [[TACK]] | | |- | [[:d:Q88926185|Q88926185]] | [[Deinococcota]] | Deinococcota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Deinococcus radiodurans.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q92194055|Q92194055]] | [[Peploviricota]] | Peploviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Heunggongvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194132|Q92194132]] | [[Uroviricota]] | Uroviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Heunggongvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194209|Q92194209]] | [[Hofneiviricota]] | Hofneiviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Loebvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194276|Q92194276]] | [[Phixviricota]] | Phixviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Sangervirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194353|Q92194353]] | [[Cossaviricota]] | Cossaviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Shotokuvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194437|Q92194437]] | [[Cressdnaviricota]] | Cressdnaviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Shotokuvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194516|Q92194516]] | [[Saleviricota]] | Saleviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Trapavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194594|Q92194594]] | [[Duplornaviricota]] | Duplornaviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194673|Q92194673]] | [[Kitrinoviricota]] | Kitrinoviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194739|Q92194739]] | [[Lenarviricota]] | Lenarviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194811|Q92194811]] | [[Pisuviricota]] | Pisuviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Orthornavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92194888|Q92194888]] | [[Artverviricota]] | Artverviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Pararnavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[File:Retrovirus.png|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q92194946|Q92194946]] | [[Nucleocytoviricota]] | Nucleocytoviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Bamfordvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[File:Megavirus.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q92195021|Q92195021]] | [[Preplasmiviricota]] | Preplasmiviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Bamfordvirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q92195085|Q92195085]] | [[Dividoviricota]] | Dividoviricota<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Helvetiavirae]]<ref name="ref_86248ee29065b1dbfae06cdca4f80714ef7bc68d41623ae8e4c64e65d9eda18a">''[[:d:Q91806681|ICTV Master Species List 2019.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q93682123|Q93682123]] | [[Margulisbacteria]] | Margulisbacteria | [[Cyanobacteriota/Melainabacteria]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q96376180|Q96376180]] | [[Delphibacteria]] | Delphibacteria | [[Sphingobacteria]] | | |- | [[:d:Q96377874|Q96377874]] | [[Fermentibacteria]] | Fermentibacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q96379822|Q96379822]] | [[Altimarinota]] | Altimarinota | [[CPR group]]<ref name="ref_02fb502a2a6b6efb132679c32918d7c22997787e0bcc199d551c4afb7bea4a79">''[[:d:Q12159796|Taxonomy database of the U.S. National Center for Biotechnology Information]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q96394625|Q96394625]] | [[NC10 phylum]] | NC10 | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q96406155|Q96406155]] | [[Psilophytophyta]] | Psilophytophyta | [[Embryophyta]] | | |- | [[:d:Q97066136|Q97066136]] | [[Candidatus Cryosericota]] | Cryosericota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q97381227|Q97381227]] | [[Thermotogota]] | Thermotogota | [[Thermotogati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | [[File:Thermotoga sketch.svg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q98163206|Q98163206]] | [[Prasinodermatophyta]] | Prasinodermatophyta<ref name="ref_5631ca20a38193263affb5106e125eff9a45b825d04393ee636b119cdad1bec1">''[[:d:Q96641117|The genome of Prasinoderma coloniale unveils the existence of a third phylum within green plants]]''</ref> | [[Chloroplastida]] | [[File:Palmophyllum crassum as Palmophyllum flabellatum.jpg|center|32px]] | |- | [[:d:Q98569717|Q98569717]] | [[Dormibacteraeota]] | Dormibacteraeota | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q98608871|Q98608871]] | [[Kiritimatiellota]] | Kiritimatiellota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q99238832|Q99238832]] | [[Nomurabacteria]] | Nomurabacteria | [[bacterio]] | | |- | [[:d:Q100742333|Q100742333]] | [[Eumycophyta]] | Eumycophyta | [[fungo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q100742412|Q100742412]] | [[Myxomycophyta]] | Myxomycophyta | [[fungo]] | | |- | [[:d:Q100787227|Q100787227]] | [[Eremiobacteraeota]] | Eremiobacteraeota | [[bacterio]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q105320684|Q105320684]] | [[Nitrospinota]] | Nitrospinota | [[Pseudomonadati]]<ref name="ref_75166a3751e44a76afd29552f137fa790b12a7ddb54109baee5751e24ccfd858">''[[:d:Q6595107|List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature]]''</ref> | | |- | [[:d:Q106691990|Q106691990]] | [[Sifarchaeota]] | Sifarchaeota | [[Asgard]] | | |- | [[:d:Q106938144|Q106938144]] | [[Taleaviricota]] | Taleaviricota<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | [[Zilligvirae]]<ref name="ref_07776f326281d5e24cbcc830e5a6299a7fcd41305594d7aca61bc802b1d479b9">''[[:d:Q106917282|ICTV Master Species List 2020.v1]]''</ref><ref name="ref_366e4bf484d4214841243da83f659ace184bbeecf9fc0cd66df4467b6c755511">''[[:d:Q116118382|ICTV Master Species List 2021.v3]]''</ref><ref name="ref_d916964a5fca18117bde82d5e828f40b1d39919a12b6db1f9e1e08d14d8fa271">''[[:d:Q118434107|ICTV Master Species List 2022.v1]]''</ref> | | |} ---- &sum; 370 items. {{Wikidata list end}} 30jcqneslmreylhz0hn3efcx07634ir 0 39007 699978 639657 2026-09-13T10:30:45Z Interlingvisto 60932 699978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/biota}} Le '''tadorna ferruginee''' (''Tadorna ferruginea'') es un specie distinctive de ave aquatic in le familia de anatidos Anatidae, recognoscite pro su ric plumage orange-brun e su cauda e plumas de volo nigre. Illo mesura circa 58–70 cm de longitude, con un apertura alar de approximatemente 110–135 cm. Le specie se reproduce principalmente in le sud-est de Europa e Asia central e migra a sud, con major locos de hibernamento in le subcontinent indian. Populationes residente plus parve occurre in partes de Africa del Nord e Ethiopia. Le Union International pro le Conservation de Natura lo classifica como Preoccupation Minime.<ref name="IUCN">BirdLife International, ''Tadorna ferruginea'', European Red List assessment, 2015.</ref><ref name="GBIF">GBIF, ''Tadorna ferruginea'' (Pallas, 1764), taxon information.</ref> == Taxonomia e nomine == Le specie esseva describite in 1764 per le naturalista german Peter Simon Pallas, qui originalmente lo placiava in le genere ''Anas''. Illo esseva subsequentemente transferite a ''Tadorna'', le genere que contine le tadornas. Alcun autoritates taxonomic lo ha in su loco placiate in ''Casarca'', sed le classificationes moderne generalmente recognosce ''Tadorna ferruginea''. Necun subspecie es actualmente acceptate. Le nomine specific ''ferruginea'' veni del latino e se refere al coloration ferruginee del ave.<ref name="ITIS">Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), ''Tadorna ferruginea'' (Pallas, 1764), Taxonomic Serial No. 175056.</ref><ref name="IOC">Gill, F., Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P. (eds.), ''IOC World Bird List'', version 15.2, 2026.</ref> == Apparentia == Le tadornas ferruginee adulte ha corpores predominantemente orange-brun, con un capite e collo plus palide. Le masculos normalmente ha un stricte collar nigre circa le parte inferior del collo, dum le feminas ha un capite plus palide, frequentemente blanchastre, e care de collar. Ambe sexos ha becos e gambas obscur, caudas e plumas de volo nigre, e tectrices alar blanc que deveni particularmente conspicue quando le ave vola. Le juveniles simila le feminas sed es generalmente plus obscur. Le muta seasonal altera le apparentia del masculo, eliminante temporarimente le collar nigre ante que illo retorna durante le hiberno.<ref name="NRW">Naturschutzinformationen Nordrhein-Westfalen, ''Rostgans (Tadorna ferruginea)'', description de specie.</ref> Le specie ha un crito nasal e forte, con vocalisationes que differe inter masculos e feminas. Le critos es usate in un varietate de situationes e pote esser audite tanto quando le aves es in terra como durante le volo. Le forte contrasto inter su corpore orange e su alas nigre e blanc face anque le tadorna ferruginee facilemente identificabile inter altere aves aquatic.<ref name="NRW"/> == Distribution e habitat == Le principal area de reproduction se extende desde le sud-est de Europa trans le major parte del Palearctico usque al Laco Baikal, Mongolia e China occidental. Le populationes oriental es predominantemente migratory e passa le hiberno in le subcontinent indian. Le specie habita generalmente zonas humide interior e aperte, includente lacos, reservoirs, fluvios, paludes e lagonas. Illo pote anque occurrer a altitudes remarcabile, con aves registrate in lacos de Asia central a circa 5.000 metros.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="BirdLife">BirdLife International, ''Tadorna ferruginea'', European Red List assessment.</ref> Foras del saison de reproduction, le tadornas ferruginee frequentemente se move a zonas humide de menor altitude e a fluvios de curso lente. Parve populationes residente occurre in le nord-vest de Africa e Ethiopia, dum le specie ha anque stabilite un population de reproduction in Fuerteventura in le Insulas Canari. Individuos appare occasionalmente plus al west in Europa, ben que on pensa que multe de iste observationes in Europa occidental involve aves escapate o salvage in loco de genuin migrantes salvage.<ref name="GBIF"/><ref name="BfN">Bundesamt für Naturschutz, ''Naturschutzfachliche Invasivitätsbewertungen Wirbeltiere: Tadorna ferruginea'', Skript 409.</ref> == Comportamento e dieta == Le tadornas ferruginee es principalmente nocturnal e generalmente occurre in pares o parve gruppos, ben que grande concentrationes pote reunir se durante le hiberno e le muta. Illos es omnivore, alimentante se de herbas, vegetation juvene, granos, plantas aquatic e invertebratos tanto aquatic como terrestre. Illos cerca alimento pascente in terra e in aqua pauc profunde, e pote inclinar lor corpores in avante pro attinger alimento in aqua un pauc plus profunde, sed illos normalmente non se submerge.<ref name="Bangladesh">IUCN Bangladesh, ''Red List of Bangladesh: Birds'', account de ''Tadorna ferruginea''.</ref> Le pares forma ligamines forte e on pensa que frequentemente illos remane insimul pro tote le vita. Durante le saison de reproduction, le aves pote devenir multo territorial e aggressive tanto verso membros de lor proprie specie como verso altere aves aquatic. Le locos de nido pote esser surprendentemente distante del aqua, occurrente in cavitates de arbores, fissuras de falesias, edificios abandonate, dunas de arena o terrieros de animales.<ref name="Bangladesh"/> == Reproduction == Le reproduction generalmente comencia in le primavera, con le feminas ponente circa octo ovos de color crema-blanc, ben que le dimension del nidata pote variar de sex a dece-duo. Le femina incuba le ovos durante approximatemente 28 dies dum le masculo remane proxime. Post le eclosion, ambe parentes cura del juvenes, qui deveni capace de volar a approximatemente octo septimanas. Le familias pote remaner insimul durante alcun tempore ante que le migration de autumno comencia.<ref name="Bangladesh"/> Post le reproduction, le adultos suffre un muta complete durante le qual illos perde temporarimente le capacitate de volar. Illos generalmente se move a grande corpores de aqua ante le muta, ubi le ambiente aperte offere major protection contra predatores. Le periodo de reproduction varia geographicamente, con le aves de Africa del Nord reproducente se un pauc plus temporano que le populationes plus al nord.<ref name="IUCN"/> == Conservation == Le tadorna ferruginee ha un grande area geographic e un population global estimate a approximatemente 170.000–225.000 individuos. Le populationes es relativemente stabile o in crescimento in le major parte de Asia central e oriental, dum multe populationes europee es in declino a causa del perdita de zonas humide e del chassa. Le specie es nonobstante adaptabile e pote usar reservoirs artificial e altere zonas humide modificate.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="BirdLife"/> Le attitudes cultural ha anque influentiate su conservation. In partes de Asia central e oriental, alcun communitates buddhista considera le tadorna ferruginee como sacre proque su plumage simila le robas del monachos buddhista, forniente un grado de protection info-additional. In Europa, includente Italia, le specie es protegite contra le chassa. In general, malgrado le declinos regional, su ample distribution e population substantial ha ducite le UICN a classificar le tadorna ferruginee como Preoccupation Minime.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="EuropeanRedList">BirdLife International, ''European Red List of Birds'', ''Tadorna ferruginea'', 2015.</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Tadorna|tadorna ferruginee]] [[Categoria:Aves de Africa del Nord]] [[Categoria:Aves de Asia Central]] [[Categoria:Aves de Asia Occidental]] [[Categoria:Aves de Mongolia]] [[Categoria:Aves de Tibet]] [[Categoria:Aves describite in 1764|tadorna ferruginee]] [[Categoria:Taxones nominate per Peter Simon Pallas]] rp4djfx1f7bkbjsot5blif8vupy05v2 699979 699978 2026-09-13T10:32:20Z Interlingvisto 60932 699979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/biota}} Le '''tadorna ferruginee''' (''Tadorna ferruginea'') es un specie distinctive de ave aquatic in le familia de anatidos ''Anatidae'', recognoscite pro su ric plumage orange-brun e su cauda e plumas de volo nigre. Illo mesura circa 58–70 cm de longitude, con un apertura alar de approximatemente 110–135 cm. Le specie se reproduce principalmente in le sud-est de [[Europa]] e [[Asia]] central e migra a sud, con major locos de hibernamento in le subcontinent indian. Populationes residente plus parve occurre in partes de [[Africa del Nord]] e [[Ethiopia]]. Le Union International pro le Conservation de Natura lo classifica como Preoccupation Minime.<ref name="IUCN">BirdLife International, ''Tadorna ferruginea'', European Red List assessment, 2015.</ref><ref name="GBIF">GBIF, ''Tadorna ferruginea'' (Pallas, 1764), taxon information.</ref> == Taxonomia e nomine == Le specie esseva describite in 1764 per le naturalista german Peter Simon Pallas, qui originalmente lo placiava in le genere ''Anas''. Illo esseva subsequentemente transferite a ''Tadorna'', le genere que contine le tadornas. Alcun autoritates taxonomic lo ha in su loco placiate in ''Casarca'', sed le classificationes moderne generalmente recognosce ''Tadorna ferruginea''. Necun subspecie es actualmente acceptate. Le nomine specific ''ferruginea'' veni del latino e se refere al coloration ferruginee del ave.<ref name="ITIS">Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS), ''Tadorna ferruginea'' (Pallas, 1764), Taxonomic Serial No. 175056.</ref><ref name="IOC">Gill, F., Donsker, D. & Rasmussen, P. (eds.), ''IOC World Bird List'', version 15.2, 2026.</ref> == Apparentia == Le tadornas ferruginee adulte ha corpores predominantemente orange-brun, con un capite e collo plus palide. Le masculos normalmente ha un stricte collar nigre circa le parte inferior del collo, dum le feminas ha un capite plus palide, frequentemente blanchastre, e care de collar. Ambe sexos ha becos e gambas obscur, caudas e plumas de volo nigre, e tectrices alar blanc que deveni particularmente conspicue quando le ave vola. Le juveniles simila le feminas sed es generalmente plus obscur. Le muta seasonal altera le apparentia del masculo, eliminante temporarimente le collar nigre ante que illo retorna durante le hiberno.<ref name="NRW">Naturschutzinformationen Nordrhein-Westfalen, ''Rostgans (Tadorna ferruginea)'', description de specie.</ref> Le specie ha un crito nasal e forte, con vocalisationes que differe inter masculos e feminas. Le critos es usate in un varietate de situationes e pote esser audite tanto quando le aves es in terra como durante le volo. Le forte contrasto inter su corpore orange e su alas nigre e blanc face anque le tadorna ferruginee facilemente identificabile inter altere aves aquatic.<ref name="NRW"/> == Distribution e habitat == Le principal area de reproduction se extende desde le sud-est de Europa trans le major parte del Palearctico usque al [[Laco Baikal]], Mongolia e China occidental. Le populationes oriental es predominantemente migratory e passa le hiberno in le subcontinent indian. Le specie habita generalmente zonas humide interior e aperte, includente lacos, reservoirs, fluvios, paludes e lagonas. Illo pote anque occurrer a altitudes remarcabile, con aves registrate in lacos de Asia central a circa 5.000 metros.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="BirdLife">BirdLife International, ''Tadorna ferruginea'', European Red List assessment.</ref> Foras del saison de reproduction, le tadornas ferruginee frequentemente se move a zonas humide de menor altitude e a fluvios de curso lente. Parve populationes residente occurre in le nord-vest de Africa e Ethiopia, dum le specie ha anque stabilite un population de reproduction in Fuerteventura in le Insulas Canari. Individuos appare occasionalmente plus al west in Europa, ben que on pensa que multe de iste observationes in Europa occidental involve aves escapate o salvage in loco de genuin migrantes salvage.<ref name="GBIF"/><ref name="BfN">Bundesamt für Naturschutz, ''Naturschutzfachliche Invasivitätsbewertungen Wirbeltiere: Tadorna ferruginea'', Skript 409.</ref> == Comportamento e dieta == Le tadornas ferruginee es principalmente nocturnal e generalmente occurre in pares o parve gruppos, ben que grande concentrationes pote reunir se durante le hiberno e le muta. Illos es [[omnivore]], alimentante se de herbas, vegetation juvene, granos, plantas aquatic e invertebratos tanto aquatic como terrestre. Illos cerca alimento pascente in terra e in aqua pauc profunde, e pote inclinar lor corpores in avante pro attinger alimento in aqua un pauc plus profunde, sed illos normalmente non se submerge.<ref name="Bangladesh">IUCN Bangladesh, ''Red List of Bangladesh: Birds'', account de ''Tadorna ferruginea''.</ref> Le pares forma ligamines forte e on pensa que frequentemente illos remane insimul pro tote le vita. Durante le saison de reproduction, le aves pote devenir multo territorial e aggressive tanto verso membros de lor proprie specie como verso altere aves aquatic. Le locos de nido pote esser surprendentemente distante del aqua, occurrente in cavitates de arbores, fissuras de falesias, edificios abandonate, dunas de arena o terrieros de animales.<ref name="Bangladesh"/> == Reproduction == Le reproduction generalmente comencia in le primavera, con le feminas ponente circa octo ovos de color crema-blanc, ben que le dimension del nidata pote variar de sex a dece-duo. Le femina incuba le ovos durante approximatemente 28 dies dum le masculo remane proxime. Post le eclosion, ambe parentes cura del juvenes, qui deveni capace de volar a approximatemente octo septimanas. Le familias pote remaner insimul durante alcun tempore ante que le migration de autumno comencia.<ref name="Bangladesh"/> Post le reproduction, le adultos suffre un muta complete durante le qual illos perde temporarimente le capacitate de volar. Illos generalmente se move a grande corpores de aqua ante le muta, ubi le ambiente aperte offere major protection contra predatores. Le periodo de reproduction varia geographicamente, con le aves de Africa del Nord reproducente se un pauc plus temporano que le populationes plus al nord.<ref name="IUCN"/> == Conservation == Le tadorna ferruginee ha un grande area geographic e un population global estimate a approximatemente 170.000–225.000 individuos. Le populationes es relativemente stabile o in crescimento in le major parte de Asia central e oriental, dum multe populationes europee es in declino a causa del perdita de zonas humide e del chassa. Le specie es nonobstante adaptabile e pote usar reservoirs artificial e altere zonas humide modificate.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="BirdLife"/> Le attitudes cultural ha anque influentiate su conservation. In partes de Asia central e oriental, alcun communitates buddhista considera le tadorna ferruginee como sacre proque su plumage simila le robas del monachos buddhista, forniente un grado de protection info-additional. In Europa, includente [[Italia]], le specie es protegite contra le chassa. In general, malgrado le declinos regional, su ample distribution e population substantial ha ducite le UICN a classificar le tadorna ferruginee como Preoccupation Minime.<ref name="IUCN"/><ref name="EuropeanRedList">BirdLife International, ''European Red List of Birds'', ''Tadorna ferruginea'', 2015.</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Tadorna|tadorna ferruginee]] [[Categoria:Aves de Africa del Nord]] [[Categoria:Aves de Asia Central]] [[Categoria:Aves de Asia Occidental]] [[Categoria:Aves de Mongolia]] [[Categoria:Aves de Tibet]] [[Categoria:Aves describite in 1764|tadorna ferruginee]] [[Categoria:Taxones nominate per Peter Simon Pallas]] p7u73qnb07v1ylhb0861bc06ome21i4 0 39169 699976 604661 2026-09-13T10:15:33Z Interlingvisto 60932 699976 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Invictus''' es un film statounitese-sudafrican de 2009 dirigite per Clint Eastwood, con Morgan Freeman como Nelson Mandela e Matt Damon como François Pienaar, capitano del selection sudafrican de rugby, le Springboks. Le film es un drama sportive basate sur le libro *Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation*, de John Carlin, e relata le evenimentos que rodeava le Cuppa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995, celebrate in Africa del Sud pauc post le fin del apartheid. Le film explora como Mandela utilisava le sport como instrumento de reconciliation national.<ref name="AFI">American Film Institute. ''Invictus'' (2009), catalog entry.</ref><ref name="Warner">Warner Bros. Pictures. ''Invictus'' (2009), official film information.</ref><ref name="Carlin">Carlin, John. ''Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation''. Penguin Press, 2008.</ref> == Trama == Le historia comencia con le liberation de Mandela ex le prision in 1990, post 27 annos de incarceration. Quatro annos plus tarde ille deveni le prime presidente nigre de Africa del Sud e debe governar un pais profundemente dividite per decennios de apartheid. Mandela considera que le construction de un identitate national commun exige evitar le marginalisation del population blanc, que ancora conserva un grande influentia economic, militar e administrative. Pro isto ille tenta fomentar le cooperation mesmo intra su proprie apparato de securitate.<ref name="Mandela">Nelson Mandela Foundation. ''Nelson Mandela: biography''.</ref><ref name="Carlin"/> In iste contexto, Mandela decide supportar le Springboks, un equipa que pro multe sudafricanos nigre simbolisa le ancian regime e le domination blanc. Africa del Sud essera le sede del Cuppa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995, e Mandela convence le autoritates sportive, ora dominate per dirigentes nigre, de mantener le equipa e su identitate. Postea ille se reuni con François Pienaar e le transmitte le idea que un victoria sportive poterea contribuer a unir un societate dividite. Ille tamben comparte con ille le poema *Invictus*, de William Ernest Henley, in le qual ille habeva trovate inspiration durante su annos de prision.<ref name="Carlin"/><ref name="Poema">Henley, William Ernest. ''Invictus''. 1875.</ref> == Le Springboks e le reconciliation == Al initio, le jocatores sudafrican es recipite con indifferentia o rejection per un grande parte del population nigre. Mandela e Pienaar, nonobstante, crede que le equipa pote devenir un symbolo compartite. Le jocatores comencia a interagir con communitates nigre durante su activitates de preparation, dum le equipa de securitate presidential tamben supera gradualmente le diffidentia inter su membros nigre e blanc. Le rugby, initialmente associate super toto con le communitate blanc, comencia assi a acquirer un significato national plus ample.<ref name="Carlin"/><ref name="SouthAfrica">South African History Online. ''1995 Rugby World Cup and national reconciliation''.</ref> Durante le torneo, Africa del Sud supera varie expectationes al derrotar Australia e Francia e attinger le final. Le visita del jocatores a Robben Island, u Mandela habeva essite incarcerate, ha un influentia special sur Pienaar e reinfortia su compromisso con le leadership e le disciplina. Le equipa arriva finalmente al final contra Nove Zelanda, considerate le grande favorite del campeonato.<ref name="RWC">World Rugby. ''Rugby World Cup 1995''.</ref><ref name="Carlin"/> == Le final de 1995 == Le final se disputa in Ellis Park, Johannesburg, ante un publico formate per personas de differente communitates. Mandela appare vestite con le tricot del Springboks, un gesto que acquire un enorme significato symbolic proque le equipa habeva essite durante multo tempo identificate con le population blanc. Le partita fini a paritate e va al prolongation, u Joel Stransky marca le drop que da a Africa del Sud le victoria e le titulo mundial. Mandela remitte le trofeo a Pienaar, dum le celebrationes posterior monstra, in le vision del film, un societate momentaneemente unite circa un mesme symbolo.<ref name="RWC"/><ref name="Carlin"/> == Production == Le film esseva adaptate ex le libro de John Carlin e comenciava su filmatisation in Africa del Sud in martio de 2009. Morgan Freeman esseva seligite pro interpretar Mandela, dum Matt Damon assumeva le rolo de Pienaar e recipeva un trainamento specific de rugby con le collaboration de ancian jocatores sudafrican, includite Chester Williams. Alcun scenas del final esseva filmate in le proprie Ellis Park, le stadio u le partita de 1995 habeva essite disputate.<ref name="AFI"/><ref name="Warner"/><ref name="IMDb">IMDb. ''Invictus'' (2009), full credits and production information.</ref> Eastwood dirigeva le film con un approcha relativemente sobrie, combinante le drama politic con elementos proprie del cinema sportive. Le production habeva un budget estimate inter 50 e 60 milliones de dollares e esseva distribuite internationalmente per Warner Bros. Illo habeva su premiere in le Statos Unite le 11 de decembre de 2009 e ha un duration de approximativemente 133 minutas.<ref name="AFI"/><ref name="BoxOffice">Box Office Mojo. ''Invictus (2009)''.</ref> == Reception e legato == Invictus recipeva criticas generalmente favorabile. Le interpretes principal esseva specialmente recognoscite: Freeman e Damon obteneva nominationes al Oscar pro su interpretationes de Mandela e Pienaar. Le film recipeva tamben altere nominationes e premios, inter illos recognoscentias pro Eastwood e Freeman per parte del National Board of Review e un premio del NAACP Image Awards pro Freeman.<ref name="Oscars">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. ''Invictus'', 82nd Academy Awards.</ref><ref name="NBR">National Board of Review. ''Awards 2009''.</ref><ref name="NAACP">NAACP Image Awards. ''Invictus'' and Morgan Freeman, 2010 awards.</ref> Al box office, le film incassava approximativemente 122,2 milliones de dollares in tote le mundo. Su thema principal es le capacitate del sport de superar divisiones politic e racial, ben que le historia cinematographic simplifica alcun evenimentos e concentra le attention sur le relation inter Mandela, Pienaar e le Springboks. Globalmente, *Invictus* presenta le Cuppa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995 como un momento emblematic del transition sudafrican e como un representation del ideal de reconciliation national promovite per Mandela.<ref name="BoxOffice"/><ref name="Carlin"/> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Films de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films american de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films sudafrican de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films in anglese de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de sport de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de action de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic american]] [[Categoria:Films de drama sportive american]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic sudafrican]] [[Categoria:Films super Nelson Mandela]] [[Categoria:Films dirigite per Clint Eastwood]] [[Categoria:Films producite per Clint Eastwood]] [[Categoria:Films producite per Robert Lorenz]] [[Categoria:Films producite per Mace Neufeld]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in 1990]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in 1994]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in 1995]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in Africa del Sud]] [[Categoria:Films filmate in Africa del Sud]] [[Categoria:Films sudafrican in anglese]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic in anglese]] [[Categoria:Films de drama sportive in anglese]] [[Categoria:Films in lingua zulu]] [[Categoria:Films in lingua afrikaans]] [[Categoria:Films in lingua xhosa]] [[Categoria:Depictiones cultural de personas sudafrican]] [[Categoria:Depictiones cultural de jugatores de rugby]] [[Categoria:Films de rugby]] [[Categoria:Historia de matches de rugby inter Nove Zelanda e Africa del Sud]] [[Categoria:Films de sport basate super eventos real]] [[Categoria:Nove Zelanda in le Copa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995]] [[Categoria:Africa del Sud in le Copa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995]] [[Categoria:Copa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995]] [[Categoria:Rugby e apartheid]] [[Categoria:Films de Spyglass Entertainment]] [[Categoria:Films de Revelations Entertainment]] [[Categoria:Films de Malpaso Productions]] [[Categoria:Films de Warner Bros.]] 3c0kaqlettymd5p92ur2evizllg97ml 699977 699976 2026-09-13T10:16:07Z Interlingvisto 60932 699977 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Invictus''' es un film statounitese-sudafrican de 2009 dirigite per Clint Eastwood, con Morgan Freeman como Nelson Mandela e Matt Damon como François Pienaar, capitano del selection sudafrican de rugby, le Springboks. Le film es un drama sportive basate sur le libro ''Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation'', de John Carlin, e relata le evenimentos que rodeava le Cuppa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995, celebrate in Africa del Sud pauc post le fin del apartheid. Le film explora como Mandela utilisava le sport como instrumento de reconciliation national.<ref name="AFI">American Film Institute. ''Invictus'' (2009), catalog entry.</ref><ref name="Warner">Warner Bros. Pictures. ''Invictus'' (2009), official film information.</ref><ref name="Carlin">Carlin, John. ''Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game That Made a Nation''. Penguin Press, 2008.</ref> == Trama == Le historia comencia con le liberation de Mandela ex le prision in 1990, post 27 annos de incarceration. Quatro annos plus tarde ille deveni le prime presidente nigre de Africa del Sud e debe governar un pais profundemente dividite per decennios de apartheid. Mandela considera que le construction de un identitate national commun exige evitar le marginalisation del population blanc, que ancora conserva un grande influentia economic, militar e administrative. Pro isto ille tenta fomentar le cooperation mesmo intra su proprie apparato de securitate.<ref name="Mandela">Nelson Mandela Foundation. ''Nelson Mandela: biography''.</ref><ref name="Carlin"/> In iste contexto, Mandela decide supportar le Springboks, un equipa que pro multe sudafricanos nigre simbolisa le ancian regime e le domination blanc. Africa del Sud essera le sede del Cuppa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995, e Mandela convence le autoritates sportive, ora dominate per dirigentes nigre, de mantener le equipa e su identitate. Postea ille se reuni con François Pienaar e le transmitte le idea que un victoria sportive poterea contribuer a unir un societate dividite. Ille tamben comparte con ille le poema ''Invictus'', de William Ernest Henley, in le qual ille habeva trovate inspiration durante su annos de prision.<ref name="Carlin"/><ref name="Poema">Henley, William Ernest. ''Invictus''. 1875.</ref> == Le Springboks e le reconciliation == Al initio, le jocatores sudafrican es recipite con indifferentia o rejection per un grande parte del population nigre. Mandela e Pienaar, nonobstante, crede que le equipa pote devenir un symbolo compartite. Le jocatores comencia a interagir con communitates nigre durante su activitates de preparation, dum le equipa de securitate presidential tamben supera gradualmente le diffidentia inter su membros nigre e blanc. Le rugby, initialmente associate super toto con le communitate blanc, comencia assi a acquirer un significato national plus ample.<ref name="Carlin"/><ref name="SouthAfrica">South African History Online. ''1995 Rugby World Cup and national reconciliation''.</ref> Durante le torneo, Africa del Sud supera varie expectationes al derrotar Australia e Francia e attinger le final. Le visita del jocatores a Robben Island, u Mandela habeva essite incarcerate, ha un influentia special sur Pienaar e reinfortia su compromisso con le leadership e le disciplina. Le equipa arriva finalmente al final contra Nove Zelanda, considerate le grande favorite del campeonato.<ref name="RWC">World Rugby. ''Rugby World Cup 1995''.</ref><ref name="Carlin"/> == Le final de 1995 == Le final se disputa in Ellis Park, Johannesburg, ante un publico formate per personas de differente communitates. Mandela appare vestite con le tricot del Springboks, un gesto que acquire un enorme significato symbolic proque le equipa habeva essite durante multo tempo identificate con le population blanc. Le partita fini a paritate e va al prolongation, u Joel Stransky marca le drop que da a Africa del Sud le victoria e le titulo mundial. Mandela remitte le trofeo a Pienaar, dum le celebrationes posterior monstra, in le vision del film, un societate momentaneemente unite circa un mesme symbolo.<ref name="RWC"/><ref name="Carlin"/> == Production == Le film esseva adaptate ex le libro de John Carlin e comenciava su filmatisation in Africa del Sud in martio de 2009. Morgan Freeman esseva seligite pro interpretar Mandela, dum Matt Damon assumeva le rolo de Pienaar e recipeva un trainamento specific de rugby con le collaboration de ancian jocatores sudafrican, includite Chester Williams. Alcun scenas del final esseva filmate in le proprie Ellis Park, le stadio u le partita de 1995 habeva essite disputate.<ref name="AFI"/><ref name="Warner"/><ref name="IMDb">IMDb. ''Invictus'' (2009), full credits and production information.</ref> Eastwood dirigeva le film con un approcha relativemente sobrie, combinante le drama politic con elementos proprie del cinema sportive. Le production habeva un budget estimate inter 50 e 60 milliones de dollares e esseva distribuite internationalmente per Warner Bros. Illo habeva su premiere in le Statos Unite le 11 de decembre de 2009 e ha un duration de approximativemente 133 minutas.<ref name="AFI"/><ref name="BoxOffice">Box Office Mojo. ''Invictus (2009)''.</ref> == Reception e legato == Invictus recipeva criticas generalmente favorabile. Le interpretes principal esseva specialmente recognoscite: Freeman e Damon obteneva nominationes al Oscar pro su interpretationes de Mandela e Pienaar. Le film recipeva tamben altere nominationes e premios, inter illos recognoscentias pro Eastwood e Freeman per parte del National Board of Review e un premio del NAACP Image Awards pro Freeman.<ref name="Oscars">Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. ''Invictus'', 82nd Academy Awards.</ref><ref name="NBR">National Board of Review. ''Awards 2009''.</ref><ref name="NAACP">NAACP Image Awards. ''Invictus'' and Morgan Freeman, 2010 awards.</ref> Al box office, le film incassava approximativemente 122,2 milliones de dollares in tote le mundo. Su thema principal es le capacitate del sport de superar divisiones politic e racial, ben que le historia cinematographic simplifica alcun evenimentos e concentra le attention sur le relation inter Mandela, Pienaar e le Springboks. Globalmente, ''Invictus'' presenta le Cuppa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995 como un momento emblematic del transition sudafrican e como un representation del ideal de reconciliation national promovite per Mandela.<ref name="BoxOffice"/><ref name="Carlin"/> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Films]] [[Categoria:Films american de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films sudafrican de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films in anglese de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de sport de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de action de 2009]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic american]] [[Categoria:Films de drama sportive american]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic sudafrican]] [[Categoria:Films super Nelson Mandela]] [[Categoria:Films dirigite per Clint Eastwood]] [[Categoria:Films producite per Clint Eastwood]] [[Categoria:Films producite per Robert Lorenz]] [[Categoria:Films producite per Mace Neufeld]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in 1990]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in 1994]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in 1995]] [[Categoria:Films ambientate in Africa del Sud]] [[Categoria:Films filmate in Africa del Sud]] [[Categoria:Films sudafrican in anglese]] [[Categoria:Films de drama biographic in anglese]] [[Categoria:Films de drama sportive in anglese]] [[Categoria:Films in lingua zulu]] [[Categoria:Films in lingua afrikaans]] [[Categoria:Films in lingua xhosa]] [[Categoria:Depictiones cultural de personas sudafrican]] [[Categoria:Depictiones cultural de jugatores de rugby]] [[Categoria:Films de rugby]] [[Categoria:Historia de matches de rugby inter Nove Zelanda e Africa del Sud]] [[Categoria:Films de sport basate super eventos real]] [[Categoria:Nove Zelanda in le Copa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995]] [[Categoria:Africa del Sud in le Copa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995]] [[Categoria:Copa del Mundo de Rugby de 1995]] [[Categoria:Rugby e apartheid]] [[Categoria:Films de Spyglass Entertainment]] [[Categoria:Films de Revelations Entertainment]] [[Categoria:Films de Malpaso Productions]] [[Categoria:Films de Warner Bros.]] cla9n3qondpj18u8w6phms9sihivovl 0 39285 699990 565216 2026-09-13T11:17:09Z Interlingvisto 60932 699990 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo}} Le '''Mata Atlantica''', tamben appellate foresta atlantic, es un grande conjuncto de forestas tropical e subtropical que se extende principalmente per Brasil e, in minor mesura, per Paraguay e Argentina, ubi illo recipe specialmente le nomine de selva missionera. Illo es un del regiones de major biodiversitate del planeta e es formate per numerose ecoregiones e typos de vegetation. Nonobstante, seculos de exploitation forestal, expansion agricole e crescentia urban ha reducite drasticamente su superficie original, convertente illo in un del biomas le plus menaciate del mundo.<ref name="SOS">Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, informationes sur le Mata Atlântica e su conservation.</ref><ref name="MMA">Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima (Brasil), ''Mata Atlântica''.</ref> == Distribution e characteristicas == Originalmente, le Mata Atlantica se extendeva principalmente al longo del costa brasilian, desde Rio Grande do Norte usque a Rio Grande do Sul, penetrante tamben verso le interior de Brasil, le est de Paraguay e le provincias argentin de Misiones e parte de Corrientes. In Brasil illo arrivava a occupar total- o partialmente le territorio de 17 statos. Su extension original es estimate a approximativemente 1,3 milliones de km², ben que actualmente solmente remane un parve fraction de ille superficie in forma de fragmentos generalmente isolate.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="SOS"/> Le bioma presenta un enorme varietate de ambientes debite al differentias de latitude, altitude, relievo e clima. Illo include forestas humide dense, forestas seasonal, forestas de araucarias, restingas, mangroves e campos de altitude. Le montanias proxime al Atlantico favora abundante precipitationes, dum le variationes climatic e topographic crea numerose ecosystemas local. In terminos evolutive, le Mata Atlantica esseva ligate al Amazonia, sed ambe formationes remaneva progressivemente separate per cambiamentos climatic occurrite durante milliones de annos.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="ICMBio">Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), informationes sur le bioma Mata Atlântica e su ecoregiones.</ref> == Biodiversitate == Le Mata Atlantica se distingue per su extraordinari ricchezza biologic e per le elevate numero de species endemic, es dicer, species que non se trova de forma natural in necun altere loco. Illo alberga milles de species vegetal e un fauna multo diverse de mammiferos, aves, reptiles, amphibios e pisces. Inter su species emblematic se trova le titi-leon aurate, diverse simias, jaguares, tucanos e numerose species de amphibios. Alcun zonas del foresta presenta un concentration exceptional de species de arbores, ultra un grande varietate de orchideas, bromelias e altere plantas epiphytic.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="WWF">WWF-Brasil, ''Mata Atlântica'', biodiversitate e conservation.</ref> Iste diversitate es strectemente ligate al varietate de habitats del bioma. Le differentias de clima e altitude permitte le coexistentia de communitates vegetal multo distincte mesmo a distantias relativemente parve. Le fragmentos que ancora conserva forestas matur ha, pro ille ration, un enorme valor pro le conservation de species e pro le mantenimento de processos ecologic como le pollination e le dispersion de semines.<ref name="ICMBio"/><ref name="SOS"/> == Disforestation e degradation == Le occupation human transformava profundamente le Mata Atlantica desde le colonisation portugese de Brasil. Le extraction de ligno e altere recursos esseva sequite per le expansion de culturas, elevage, citates, routes e industrias. Le processo se intensificava specialmente durante le seculos XIX e XX, quando le regiones costiere e del sud-est brasilian experimentava un rapide expansion economic e demographic. Como consequentia, le copertura forestal original remaneva reducite a un rete de fragmentos separate per zonas agricole e urbanisate.<ref name="SOS"/><ref name="MMA"/> Le fragmentation constitue un problema additional al simple perdita de superficie. Le parve forestas isolate pote perder species e suffrer alterationes in lor conditiones ambiental, dum le separation inter fragmentos difficulta le movimento de animales e le dispersion de semines. Studios recente monstra que le fragmentos circumdate per un major quantitate de vegetation conservate mantene un major diversitate de semines e melior possibilitates de regeneration natural.<ref name="Fragmentation">Ribeiro, M. C. et al., "The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation", ''Biological Conservation'', 2011.</ref> == Conservation == Le protection del Mata Atlantica ha devenite un prioritate ambiental in Brasil. Le Constitution brasilian de 1988 recognosceva le bioma como patrimonio national e posteriormente se disveloppava normas specific destinate a regular le exploitation del vegetation, proteger le remanentes e promover le recuperation de areas degradate. Existe numerose parcos national, reservas e altere areas protegite, ultra programmas de restauration ecologic e organisationes dedicate a su conservation.<ref name="Law">Brasil, Lei nº 11.428, de 22 de decembre 2006, ''Lei da Mata Atlântica''.</ref><ref name="MMA"/> Ben que le superficie conservate continua a esser multo inferior al original, existe regiones ubi le protection legal e le initiativas de restauration ha permittite frenar o reverter partialmente le perdita de vegetation. Le conservation de parve fragmentos tamben es importante, proque illos pote operar como refugios de biodiversitate e como corridores quando illos se connecte mediante le restauration forestal. In conjuncto, le strategias actual cerca combinar protection, recuperation de ecosystemas e uso sustenibile del recursos natural.<ref name="SOS"/><ref name="WWF"/> == Importantia economic e ambiental == Le importantia del Mata Atlantica va multo ultra le conservation de species. Un grande parte del population brasilian vive intra su area de distribution, e su forestas joca un rolo essential in le protection de bassinos hydrographic, le conservation de fontes, le regulation del clima local e le mantenimento del qualitate del aqua. Le bioma tamben provide recursos natural e servicios ecosystemic fundamental pro citates, activitates agricole e communitates traditional.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="ICMBio"/> Le Mata Atlantica representa, per consequente, un combination exceptional de ricchezza biologic, importantia social e valor economic. Su historia reflecte le forte impacto del expansion human super le ecosystemas, sed illo tamben monstra le possibilitates de restauration e conservation. Le protection del forestas restante e le recuperation del zonas degradate es fundamental pro mantener le biodiversitate e le servicios ambiental de un del grande biomas de America del Sud.<ref name="SOS"/> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Foreste atlantic| ]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de foreste tropical humide]] [[Categoria:Flora de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de Argentina]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de Paraguay]] [[Categoria:Forestes de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Global 200]] cjm4cdn80kkuc3yotng335ajsqhv7m9 699991 699990 2026-09-13T11:17:55Z Interlingvisto 60932 699991 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo}} Le '''Mata Atlantica''', tamben appellate foresta atlantic, es un grande conjuncto de forestas tropical e subtropical que se extende principalmente per [[Brasil]] e, in minor mesura, per [[Paraguay]] e [[Argentina]], ubi illo recipe specialmente le nomine de selva missionera. Illo es un del regiones de major biodiversitate del planeta e es formate per numerose ecoregiones e typos de vegetation. Nonobstante, seculos de exploitation forestal, expansion agricole e crescentia urban ha reducite drasticamente su superficie original, convertente illo in un del biomas le plus menaciate del mundo.<ref name="SOS">Fundação SOS Mata Atlântica, informationes sur le Mata Atlântica e su conservation.</ref><ref name="MMA">Ministério do Meio Ambiente e Mudança do Clima (Brasil), ''Mata Atlântica''.</ref> == Distribution e characteristicas == Originalmente, le Mata Atlantica se extendeva principalmente al longo del costa brasilian, desde Rio Grande do Norte usque a [[Rio Grande do Sul]], penetrante tamben verso le interior de Brasil, le est de Paraguay e le provincias argentin de Misiones e parte de Corrientes. In Brasil illo arrivava a occupar total- o partialmente le territorio de 17 statos. Su extension original es estimate a approximativemente 1,3 milliones de km², ben que actualmente solmente remane un parve fraction de ille superficie in forma de fragmentos generalmente isolate.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="SOS"/> Le bioma presenta un enorme varietate de ambientes debite al differentias de latitude, altitude, relievo e clima. Illo include forestas humide dense, forestas seasonal, forestas de araucarias, restingas, mangroves e campos de altitude. Le montanias proxime al Atlantico favora abundante precipitationes, dum le variationes climatic e topographic crea numerose ecosystemas local. In terminos evolutive, le Mata Atlantica esseva ligate al Amazonia, sed ambe formationes remaneva progressivemente separate per cambiamentos climatic occurrite durante milliones de annos.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="ICMBio">Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), informationes sur le bioma Mata Atlântica e su ecoregiones.</ref> == Biodiversitate == Le Mata Atlantica se distingue per su extraordinari ricchezza biologic e per le elevate numero de species endemic, es dicer, species que non se trova de forma natural in necun altere loco. Illo alberga milles de species vegetal e un fauna multo diverse de mammiferos, aves, reptiles, amphibios e pisces. Inter su species emblematic se trova le titi-leon aurate, diverse simias, jaguares, tucanos e numerose species de amphibios. Alcun zonas del foresta presenta un concentration exceptional de species de arbores, ultra un grande varietate de orchideas, bromelias e altere plantas epiphytic.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="WWF">WWF-Brasil, ''Mata Atlântica'', biodiversitate e conservation.</ref> Iste diversitate es strectemente ligate al varietate de habitats del bioma. Le differentias de clima e altitude permitte le coexistentia de communitates vegetal multo distincte mesmo a distantias relativemente parve. Le fragmentos que ancora conserva forestas matur ha, pro ille ration, un enorme valor pro le conservation de species e pro le mantenimento de processos ecologic como le pollination e le dispersion de semines.<ref name="ICMBio"/><ref name="SOS"/> == Disforestation e degradation == Le occupation human transformava profundamente le Mata Atlantica desde le colonisation portugese de Brasil. Le extraction de ligno e altere recursos esseva sequite per le expansion de culturas, elevage, citates, routes e industrias. Le processo se intensificava specialmente durante le seculos XIX e XX, quando le regiones costiere e del sud-est brasilian experimentava un rapide expansion economic e demographic. Como consequentia, le copertura forestal original remaneva reducite a un rete de fragmentos separate per zonas agricole e urbanisate.<ref name="SOS"/><ref name="MMA"/> Le fragmentation constitue un problema additional al simple perdita de superficie. Le parve forestas isolate pote perder species e suffrer alterationes in lor conditiones ambiental, dum le separation inter fragmentos difficulta le movimento de animales e le dispersion de semines. Studios recente monstra que le fragmentos circumdate per un major quantitate de vegetation conservate mantene un major diversitate de semines e melior possibilitates de regeneration natural.<ref name="Fragmentation">Ribeiro, M. C. et al., "The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: How much is left, and how is the remaining forest distributed? Implications for conservation", ''Biological Conservation'', 2011.</ref> == Conservation == Le protection del Mata Atlantica ha devenite un prioritate ambiental in Brasil. Le Constitution brasilian de 1988 recognosceva le bioma como patrimonio national e posteriormente se disveloppava normas specific destinate a regular le exploitation del vegetation, proteger le remanentes e promover le recuperation de areas degradate. Existe numerose parcos national, reservas e altere areas protegite, ultra programmas de restauration ecologic e organisationes dedicate a su conservation.<ref name="Law">Brasil, Lei nº 11.428, de 22 de decembre 2006, ''Lei da Mata Atlântica''.</ref><ref name="MMA"/> Ben que le superficie conservate continua a esser multo inferior al original, existe regiones ubi le protection legal e le initiativas de restauration ha permittite frenar o reverter partialmente le perdita de vegetation. Le conservation de parve fragmentos tamben es importante, proque illos pote operar como refugios de biodiversitate e como corridores quando illos se connecte mediante le restauration forestal. In conjuncto, le strategias actual cerca combinar protection, recuperation de ecosystemas e uso sustenibile del recursos natural.<ref name="SOS"/><ref name="WWF"/> == Importantia economic e ambiental == Le importantia del Mata Atlantica va multo ultra le conservation de species. Un grande parte del population brasilian vive intra su area de distribution, e su forestas joca un rolo essential in le protection de bassinos hydrographic, le conservation de fontes, le regulation del clima local e le mantenimento del qualitate del aqua. Le bioma tamben provide recursos natural e servicios ecosystemic fundamental pro citates, activitates agricole e communitates traditional.<ref name="MMA"/><ref name="ICMBio"/> Le Mata Atlantica representa, per consequente, un combination exceptional de ricchezza biologic, importantia social e valor economic. Su historia reflecte le forte impacto del expansion human super le ecosystemas, sed illo tamben monstra le possibilitates de restauration e conservation. Le protection del forestas restante e le recuperation del zonas degradate es fundamental pro mantener le biodiversitate e le servicios ambiental de un del grande biomas de America del Sud.<ref name="SOS"/> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Foreste atlantic| ]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de foreste tropical humide]] [[Categoria:Flora de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de Argentina]] [[Categoria:Ecoregiones de Paraguay]] [[Categoria:Forestes de Brasil]] [[Categoria:Global 200]] 0xocjvgau3z1lfn9hwvhoefmj8hzc5u 102 40007 699974 699834 2026-09-13T10:09:08Z CommonsDelinker 346 Le file "Coat_of_arms_of_Burkina_Faso.svg" esseva reimplaciate per file "[[File:Coat_of_arms_of_Burkina_Faso_(1984-2025).svg]]" in Commons, per [[c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]]. Motivo donate: ''[[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR4|Criter 699974 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} Vide etiam: [[Appendice:Lista de territorios dependente o disputate]] {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P298 ?iso3 } |columns=item,P298,P984,P41,P94,label,P242,P300,P36,P2046,P31,description |sort=P298 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 ! codigo de pais per IOC ! imagine del bandiera ! imagine del scuto ! label ! position geographic ! ISO 3166-2 ! capital ! area ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q21203|Q21203]] | ABW | ARU | [[File:Flag of Aruba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Aruba wapen.svg|center|48px]] | [[Aruba]] | [[File:Aruba in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-AW | ''[[:d:Q131243|Oranjestad]]'' | 178.916378 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q107390|stato federate]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q889|Q889]] | AFG | AFG | [[File:Flag of the Taliban.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Arms of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Afghanistan]] | [[File:Afghanistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kabul]] | 652230 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1450765|Q1450765]] | AFI | | | | ''[[:d:Q1450765|French Territory of the Afars and the Issas]]'' | | | [[Djibuti (citate)|Djibuti]] | 23200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1620908|historical region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q916|Q916]] | AGO | ANG | [[File:Flag of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Angola.svg|center|48px]] | [[Angola]] | [[File:Angola (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Luanda]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1246700 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25228|Q25228]] | AIA | | [[File:Flag of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Anguilla.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25228|Anguilla]]'' | [[File:Anguilla on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30994|The Valley]]'' | 91 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q5689|Q5689]] | ALA | | [[File:Flag of Åland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Åland.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5689|Åland]]'' | [[File:Ahvenanmaa sijainti Suomi.svg|center|48px]] | FI-01 | ''[[:d:Q48329|Mariehamn]]'' | 1582.93 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1030d7f1d0e4082c9f02436085355d23f9cf62a32d4b87afc2ea8274a0862a71">https://www.maanmittauslaitos.fi/sites/maanmittauslaitos.fi/files/attachments/2021/01/Vuoden_2021_pinta-alatilasto_kunnat_maakunnat.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q193512|region of Finland]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q782614|autonomous region]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q222|Q222]] | ALB | ALB | [[File:Flag of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Albania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Albania]] | [[File:Albania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tirana]] | 28748 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q228|Q228]] | AND | AND | [[File:Flag of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Andorra.svg|center|48px]] | [[Andorra]] | [[File:Andorra on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Andorra la Vella]] | 468 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref><ref name="ref_d356c59461c87c3d826cb972c8d71bc2087bff160c84a815a39a320a22612605">https://sig.govern.ad/SIGDDE.Public/Files/Documents/Publicacions/Andorra%20en%20xifres.%20Any%202024.pdf</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25227|Q25227]] | ANT<ref name="ref_bf25a9001b8462c071bbee32380ffaa44c643c8b3b5593348fbfcea6e912638a">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-6.pdf</ref> | AHO | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands Antilles (1986–2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Netherlands Antilles (1986-2010).svg|center|48px]] | [[Antillas Nederlandese]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (Caribbean special).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q132679|Willemstad]]'' | 800 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q878|Q878]] | ARE | UAE | [[File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the United Arab Emirates.svg|center|48px]] | [[Emiratos Arabe Unite]] | [[File:United Arab Emirates (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1519|Abu Dhabi]]'' | 83600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q414|Q414]] | ARG | ARG | [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Argentina.svg|center|48px]] | [[Argentina]] | [[File:ARG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Buenos Aires]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 2780400 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q399|Q399]] | ARM | ARM | [[File:Flag of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Armenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Armenia]] | [[File:Armenia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Yerevan]] | 29743.423459 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais eurasian del Caucaso Sud |- | [[:d:Q31890709|Q31890709]] | ASC | | [[File:Flag of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ascension Island.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q31890709|Ascension]]'' | | SH-AC<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q695774|Georgetown]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q10864048|subdivision territorial administrative al prime nivello]]''<ref name="ref_28e067ba6d443e585cc6bae200ecabedea38d4555441bfa6e50598093c75548b">''[[:d:Q1194038|Geographic Names Server]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q16641|Q16641]] | ASM | ASA | [[File:Flag of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of American Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16641|American Samoa]]'' | [[File:American Samoa on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-AS | ''[[:d:Q51678|Pago Pago]]'' | 199 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q51|Q51]] | ATA | | | | [[Antarctica]] | [[File:Antarctica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | | 13720000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a3dae1785f071eaf619b80b4e4878aeb35d9305e5edb62e39b883bcd2e73d1b8">https://www.worldometers.info/geography/7-continents/</ref> | [[continente]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_683b2661c49be29f69007bda6012994faeb7dbcefb33fdba8ec0685c5503f9be">''[[:d:Q43400782|БСЭ1 / Антарктида]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2418896|part of the world]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2221906|geographic location]]'' | continente |- | [[:d:Q10372207|Q10372207]] | ATA | | [[File:Flag of the Antarctic Treaty.svg|center|48px]] | No/unknown value | ''[[:d:Q10372207|Antarctic Treaty area]]'' | [[File:Mapa Polo Sur.png|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value | 14000000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q312461|terra nullius]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q165783|Q165783]] | ATB | | [[File:Flag of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Antarctic Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q165783|British Antarctic Territory]]'' | [[File:BritishAntarcticTerritory.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1635867|Rothera Research Station]]'' | 1709400 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129003|Q129003]] | ATF | | [[File:Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Terres australes et antarctiques françaises.svg|center|48px]] | [[Terras Austral Francese]] | [[File:French Southern and Antarctic Lands in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-TF<ref name="ref_b358201b6f12d036d1d725230e7d6741d07c711fce3b940b1cb25462f96118c0">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:FR</ref> | ''[[:d:Q839559|Port-aux-Français]]'' | 7829 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q781|Q781]] | ATG | ANT | [[File:Flag of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Antigua and Barbuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Antigua e Barbuda]] | [[File:ATG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36262|St. John's]]'' | 440.29 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3244203|monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q189999|Q189999]] | ATN | | [[File:Flag of Norway, state.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q189999|Queen Maud Land]]'' | [[File:Antarctica, Norway territorial claim.svg|center|48px]] | | | 2500000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q783953|territorial claims in Antarctica]]''<ref name="ref_7db06d5476b3f5c24f5ebb17af080c176272f9c7a4682401c5d83cbd2bb2d168">https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1930-02-27-3</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q408|Q408]] | AUS<ref name="ref_63f5ca7a183963ae457d8f89197c39e30c3e1963bcf902fb3e780d1dbf4e9c8a">''[[:d:Q25275|ISO 3166-1]]''</ref> | AUS | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_81c89a07f6d8245f3f610a5338eb4d06b8867ad0833011281075a438da9ceee8">https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/symbols/flag.cfm</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Australia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Australia]] | [[File:AUS orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3114|Canberra]]''<ref name="ref_2c266568d394409c43364c2f4d8b8ea09162a2269fee0e814197c113c625b70a">http://www.australia.gov.au/about-government/states-territories-and-local-government/capital-cities</ref> | 7692024 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_e5de0557d829b6203125373010912e5dbe4da19b4ef922649c7cca8b61d30a07">http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/australias-size-compared</ref><ref name="ref_2400624184620dd514bed85b0ebd035541fc426839c786569d93496fbe599d16">http://www.ga.gov.au/scientific-topics/national-location-information/dimensions/area-of-australia-states-and-territories</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q40|Q40]] | AUT | AUT | [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Austria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Austria]] | [[File:EU-Austria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Vienna]]<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref> | 83878.99 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_337104bf542d61ec28a5b64ad960c201fe14eae452e70f309dab87be0ecfd867">http://www.statistik.at/web_de/static/k37_054436.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_8c9140023642283c5ce8f0054419301e4e661b4d544d74f911a04dbe4e1b2919">''[[:d:Q1005391|Federal Constitutional Law]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_e33536185a3a577767c4df8815505e3839cdb3ac340226ff3e9f0263fb53a77a">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/austria</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q227|Q227]] | AZE | AZE | [[File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Azerbaijan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Azerbaijan]] | [[File:Azerbaijan orthographic projection.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Baku]] | 86600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q967|Q967]] | BDI | BDI | [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burundi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Burundi]] | [[File:Burundi (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Gitega]] | 27834 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6cac7bdde4be279b526ef08604ad918b112e3faa287696c1b915fbb81f2f4f0b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/by.html</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q31|Q31]] | BEL | BEL | [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belgica]] | [[File:EU-Belgium.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Brussel]]<ref name="ref_effb07acb78b00e96857dd630ea9dbef3dfa2b85064c06fc36d489bac27ac036">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/be.html</ref><ref name="ref_cf8ffd9fa05b0d7e236b0e111cb1395c12ffa35206a807cfeae261a0752a11b4">http://www.traveldir.org/belgium/</ref> | 30688 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_b6045ba397001d57a685257fa78ba294520cf6abae5c822cb219ab67a689bfa0">''[[:d:Q12480|Statbel]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q962|Q962]] | BEN | BEN | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Benin]] | [[File:Benin (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Porto-Novo]] | 114763 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q27561|Q27561]] | BES<ref name="ref_b487e18951526d42430f1cf1c21ee328d29004b78388d2bd2e82fab9d7187199">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-1_newsletter_vi-8_split_of_the_dutch_antilles_final-en.pdf</ref> | | | | ''[[:d:Q27561|Caribbean Netherlands]]'' | [[File:BES islands location map.svg|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value | 322 kilometro quadrate | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q965|Q965]] | BFA | BUR | [[File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Burkina Faso (1984-2025).svg|center|48px]] | [[Burkina Faso]] | [[File:BFA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ouagadougou]] | 274200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q902|Q902]] | BGD | BAN | [[File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Bangladesh.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bangladesh]] | [[File:Bangladesh (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dacca]] | 147570 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q219|Q219]] | BGR | BUL | [[File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bulgaria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bulgaria]] | [[File:Bulgaria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Sofia]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 110993.6 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_b935a0a66833771bd7ab112d9853ebe1a287cd8e9aac1b6386fa9e1016b57022">http://www.government.bg/cgi-bin/e-cms/vis/vis.pl?s=001&p=0159&g=</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q398|Q398]] | BHR | BRN | [[File:Flag of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of The Kingdom of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahrain]] | [[File:Map of Bahrain.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Manama]] | 786.5 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f1109f3b1be2275f826e9cf52b9203b986059b8d23dd4954bbc9089530b2748f">https://www.bahrain.bh/wps/wcm/connect/bnp_en/about%20the%20kingdom/about%20bahrain/related%20topics/facts%20and%20figures</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[archipelago]] | |- | [[:d:Q778|Q778]] | BHS | BAH | [[File:Flag of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Bahamas.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bahamas]] | [[File:Bahamas in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2467|Nassau]]'' | 13878 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q225|Q225]] | BIH | BIH | [[File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_91d8dae1fb677ac9bde8fc11b256aefd8ba4f1c12509013b20d34becf66815ad">https://www.ohr.int/decision-imposing-the-law-on-the-flag-of-bih-2/?print=print</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_fe44227e43c41dc1c415654f064dd2f0737e321840ea890a854a5f4b7aafbbb6">https://www.ohr.int/decision-on-the-shape-and-design-of-the-coat-of-arms-of-bih-2/</ref> | [[Bosnia e Herzegovina]] | [[File:Bosnia and Herzegovina (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Sarajevo]]<ref name="ref_89df3b94d52c8738ece185eb01339a0a2d91531ffc57b210a7e9f6875e0aee0b">https://www.ustavnisud.ba/public/down/USTAV_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_bos.pdf</ref> | 10 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1bc87d147b4cccc8e02d7f46a22731a967f5b8156bb308af2c36ba85e3487d86">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/summaries</ref><br/>51187 kilometro quadrate<br/>51209.2 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f56cf0ad5b27857477d6c3573838e46f714d73fb0c96f73cfe60aba0bf2bda63">https://bhas.gov.ba/data/Publikacije/Bilteni/2025/NUM_00_2024_TB_1_EN.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_b8423ba8340e8b33fb505561ed0125432eb23a2565c8790412ae86b19bd45f82">https://www.ustavnisud.ba/public/down/USTAV_BOSNE_I_HERCEGOVINE_engl.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_1265034880a3fb39e9f370775e304074872aa7a725d583ce48de56740d8b8e81">https://treaties.un.org/pages/HistoricalInfo.aspx</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25362|Q25362]] | BLM | | [[File:Flag of Saint Barthélemy (local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Blason St Barthélémy TOM entire.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25362|Saint Barthélemy]]'' | [[File:Saint Barthelemy in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-BL | ''[[:d:Q34112|Gustavia]]'' | 24 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_6fc27494e6c7926015d9eb27d4f5924ae1abcba3d5e6e02ad3d8258d77f9d34c">https://www.touteleurope.eu/fonctionnement-de-l-ue/la-superficie-des-pays-de-l-union-europeenne/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]''<ref name="ref_acb678d6cb9dd51a3fd3981405e68362fe227c398b2f88f9205d3f195172710d">''[[:d:Q47486150|loi organique n° 2007-223 du 21 février 2007 portant dispositions statutaires et institutionnelles relatives à l'outre-mer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q184|Q184]] | BLR | BLR | [[File:Flag of Belarus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belarus (2020–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Bielorussia]] | [[File:Belarus on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Minsk]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 207596.76 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_19a0807314a71637fb0d564051152981a05e56273c4261bd3fdcb5e073d74eae">http://www.gki.gov.by/docs/gzk_2010.doc</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q242|Q242]] | BLZ | BIZ | [[File:Flag of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Belize.svg|center|48px]] | [[Belize]] | [[File:BLZ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3043|Belmopan]]'' | 22966 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q23635|Q23635]] | BMU | BER | [[File:Flag of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Bermuda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bermuda]] | [[File:United Kingdom on the globe (Bermuda special) (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30985|Hamilton]]'' | 53 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<ref name="ref_062d6a907457c2cd5018246f8dbe44927859fc0e258af56b43a0695d3e0dfd2d">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bermuda/</ref><br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q750|Q750]] | BOL | BOL | [[File:Flag of Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de Bolivia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bolivia]] | [[File:BOL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Sucre]]<br/>[[La Paz]] | 1098581 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q155|Q155]] | BRA | BRA | [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Brazil.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brasil]] | [[File:BRA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Brasilia]] | 8515767 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><ref name="ref_5c82beb1fb4dd02d663f37b907e0cca990987aef221d1fbf12883eefd4a2f8b1">https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<ref name="ref_02c70ce7e82c7b584465384c48cfa48df62e8157043980dd85c87ac7ede9f667">https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/constituicao/constituicao.htm?lang=pt</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q244|Q244]] | BRB | BAR | [[File:Flag of Barbados.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Barbados (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Barbados]] | [[File:BRB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36168|Bridgetown]]'' | 439 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q921|Q921]] | BRN<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref> | BRU | [[File:Flag of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Brunei.svg|center|48px]] | [[Brunei]] | [[File:Brunei on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q9279|Bandar Seri Begawan]]'' | 5765.313533 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Sultanato]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_85f197c05a3a50ab610b9354a76864571e64192440bbfe1f06301e0f182262ec">https://www.ISO.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:BN</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q917|Q917]] | BTN | BHU | [[File:Flag of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Bhutan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Bhutan]] | [[File:Bhutan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Thimphu]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 38394 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q23408|Q23408]] | BVT | | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Bouvet]] | [[File:PAT - Bouvet.gif|center|48px]] | | | 49 kilometro quadrate | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5260616|dependency of Norway]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q963|Q963]] | BWA | BOT | [[File:Flag of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Botswana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Botswana]] | [[File:Botswana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Gaborone]] | 581737 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q2895|Q2895]] | BYS | | [[File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1981–1991).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q2895|Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]]'' | [[File:Byelorussian SSR in the Soviet Union.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Minsk]] | 207600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q929|Q929]] | CAF | CAF | [[File:Flag of the Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Central African Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Centroafrican]] | [[File:CAF orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bangui]] | 622984 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q16|Q16]] | CAN | CAN | [[File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal Coat of arms of Canada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Canada]] | [[File:CAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ottawa]]<ref name="ref_a9d7cc87fad739a186c62b47b38ed774fc3b97ecdaced733b52b08043d1b30e9">''[[:d:Q868884|Constitution Act, 1867]]''</ref> | 9984670 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q36004|Q36004]] | CCK | | [[File:Flag of the Cocos (Keeling) Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Clunies-Ross family arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36004|Cocos (Keeling) Islands]]'' | [[File:Cocos (Keeling) Islands on the globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q48675|West Island]]'' | 14 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q39|Q39]] | CHE | SUI | [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_ab7fc05533a6a1045f2ce8ad338b0792ed51296f1397b7e775499d19e43c8e57">https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20091656/index.html#app1ahref0</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Switzerland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Switza]] | [[File:Switzerland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Berna]]<ref name="ref_0080a764532c5d04f2a034ba39e581993e729ab6db18d709944b4f8bbb323f6a">https://www.bk.admin.ch/bk/de/home/dokumentation/gesetzgebung/rechtsbereiche-der-bk/abgeschlossene-gesetzgebungsprojekte/bundesstadtstatus-stadt-bern.html</ref> | 41291 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_5e2ad7e643fbd628f1fdbcaf44a25a09db7c28f256dd1b609e662806fb674840">https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/espace-environnement.html</ref> | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q170156|confederation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q43702|federation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | republica federal in Europa occidental |- | [[:d:Q298|Q298]] | CHL | CHI | [[File:Flag of Chile.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chile (c).svg|center|48px]] | [[Chile]] | [[File:CHL orthographic (+all claims).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Santiago de Chile]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 756102 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[nation]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]] | |- | [[:d:Q148|Q148]] | CHN | CHN | [[File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:中華人民共和國國徽.svg|center|48px]] | [[China]] | [[File:CHN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Beijing]] | 9596961 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1008|Q1008]] | CIV | CIV | [[File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ivory Coast (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa de Ebore]] | [[File:CIV orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Yamoussoukro]] | 322463 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_ca070e9a5eb15c3dccfde88694c68f2863907488ea9e5eec31ad0622694ece24">https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/dossiers-pays/cote-d-ivoire/presentation-de-la-cote-d-ivoire/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_0dad73dd85c33cae8349a2e2ca72f0917d0ffc3785f00eede7e40d57c79381da">https://www.presidence.ci/presentation-ci/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1009|Q1009]] | CMR | CMR | [[File:Flag of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cameroon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Camerun]] | [[File:CMR orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Yaoundé]] | 475442 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q974|Q974]] | COD | COD | [[File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (black spear).svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Democratic del Congo]] | [[File:COD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kinshasa]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 2344858 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ed806c47cd810026be18b273086c4a0bce497d753577b6badca4efc5741bf580">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/dem-rep-congo</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q971|Q971]] | COG | CGO | [[File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Republic of the Congo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica del Congo]] | [[File:LocationRepublicoftheCongo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Brazzaville]] | 342000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q26988|Q26988]] | COK | COK | [[File:Flag of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Cook Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q26988|Cook Islands]]'' | [[File:Cook Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q170482|Avarua]]'' | 240 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q739|Q739]] | COL | COL | [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Colombia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Colombia]] | [[File:COL orthographic (San Andrés and Providencia special).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bogotá]]<ref name="ref_5e9c5041ff4318d908f65eec8765863728691254e0e8d2a8ef3c727c831f4362">https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Kolumbia;4169072.html</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1141748 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q970|Q970]] | COM | COM | [[File:Flag of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Comoros.svg|center|48px]] | [[Comores]] | [[File:Comoros (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Moroni]] | 2034 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1011|Q1011]] | CPV | CPV | [[File:Flag of Cape Verde (10-17).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cape Verde.svg|center|48px]] | [[Capo Verde]] | [[File:CPV orthographic NaturalEarth.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Praia]] | 4033 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q800|Q800]] | CRI | CRC | [[File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Costa Rica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Costa Rica]] | [[File:Costa Rica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3070|San José]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 51179.92 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_285fd8606b2550d805b3727c2d7de01b8b2d241b09c78d835b52e9c55cb22733">https://files.snitcr.go.cr/boletines/ACTUALIZACION_DE_LAS_AREAS_CONTINENTAL_E_INSULAR_DE_COSTA_RICA_02_07_2021.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_ddab406ed76bc355fe46531eaf50bcae55bbbe305380b0bc0306ebb912b36599">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/costa-rica</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q3405693|Q3405693]] | CRQ | | [[File:Flag of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sark.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3405693|Sark]]'' | [[File:Guernsey-Sark.png|center|48px]] | | | 5.5 kilometro quadrate | [[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q64953083|car-free place]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q33946|Q33946]] | CSK | TCH | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Czechoslovakia (1960–1990).svg|center|48px]] | [[Checoslovachia]] | [[File:Czechoslovakia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Praga]] | 127900 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2618621|Q2618621]] | CTE | | | | ''[[:d:Q2618621|Canton and Enderbury Islands]]'' | | | | | ''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q241|Q241]] | CUB | CUB | [[File:Flag of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cuba.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cuba]] | [[File:Cuba (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Havana]] | 109884 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q25279|Q25279]] | CUW | | [[File:Flag of Curaçao.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Curaçao.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25279|Curaçao]]'' | [[File:Curacao in its region.svg|center|48px]] | NL-CW<ref name="ref_a79facb7c77a4d17adb234b1eb74d3b9373e6d448dc9064422a0639025f813d0">''[[:d:Q14005|MusicBrainz]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q132679|Willemstad]]'' | 444 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q31063|Q31063]] | CXR | | [[File:Flag of Christmas Island.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Natal]] | [[File:Christmas Island on globe (Southeast Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30980|Flying Fish Cove]]'' | 135 kilometro quadrate | [[entitate territorial administrative]]<br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5785|Q5785]] | CYM | CAY | [[File:Flag of the Cayman Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Cayman Islands Coat of Arms.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q5785|Cayman Islands]]'' | [[File:Cayman Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | KY | ''[[:d:Q172996|George Town]]'' | 264 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q229|Q229]] | CYP | CYP | [[File:Flag of Cyprus.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Cyprus (2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[Cypro]] | [[File:EU-Cyprus highlighted.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nicosia]] | 9242.45 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_d9beda03a013a6c352d53ac5fb5688fc429b1fc4804c0e241d33df84f1b3b758">http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/F2876E52BD240C56C2257EB4003C3ED4/$file/DEGREE_URBANISATION-2016.xls?OpenElement</ref><ref name="ref_d9beda03a013a6c352d53ac5fb5688fc429b1fc4804c0e241d33df84f1b3b758">http://www.mof.gov.cy/mof/cystat/statistics.nsf/All/F2876E52BD240C56C2257EB4003C3ED4/$file/DEGREE_URBANISATION-2016.xls?OpenElement</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q213|Q213]] | CZE | CZE | [[File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Chec]] | [[File:EU-Czech Republic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Praga]]<ref name="ref_3e5b9bab813465412853331eda013f076fbcdd7ad1a4220fc096b9ec9c3819bf">''[[:d:Q2948382|Constitution of the Czech Republic]]''</ref> | 78871 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_9ee41a8991616554164e89056c906d4d44818b64305baad938165ac299409ac2">https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-vyhledavani&vyhltext=plochy&bkvt=cGxvY2h5&katalog=all&pvo=ZPR15</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_8645e6affd6454487e5530ed31ed7a90de88f9b018af1bac5423f56ba4bfad7f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/czech-republic</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_3e5b9bab813465412853331eda013f076fbcdd7ad1a4220fc096b9ec9c3819bf">''[[:d:Q2948382|Constitution of the Czech Republic]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q16957|Q16957]] | DDR | GDR | [[File:Flag of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State arms of the German Democratic Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Germania Oriental]] | [[File:East Germany 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q56037|East Berlin]]'' | 108179 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q183|Q183]] | DEU | GER<ref name="ref_7051b4fa8b9e1fd011a3751668a1a7d17dace442ab69f795ae7cd785f21ca7e6">https://www.laenderdaten.de/kuerzel/olympia.aspx</ref><ref name="ref_14f12b58ecf7e955915f42a62d53c127443a3805dc49bc5b11cfcbf6a89c6802">''[[:d:Q28796597|Olympic.org athletes database]]''</ref><ref name="ref_79e4d44474c511272c7ee74bc50614da858523aec6ef10464aea6ef133b76b29">https://www.worlddata.info/countrycodes.php</ref> | [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of Germany.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_7b1be4b5c5406071713a14f29b675da8b4bf2fcf605c1e15c08f26ab8844ae1f">''[[:d:Q836156|Bundesgesetzblatt]]''</ref> | [[Germania]] | [[File:Germany (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Berlin]]<ref name="ref_1d422822f174182146a3ebf7ed95f411618ba7c64ac7d21c1e4fe9147edeb999">''[[:d:Q56045|Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany]]''</ref><ref name="ref_22390ecfe75e90e8a84d49610b605c042f29948974bc2059607ac63abe076a08">https://www.bmi.bund.de/DE/themen/verfassung/staatliche-symbole/hauptstadt/hauptstadt-artikel.html</ref><ref name="ref_28b4a876afe5bc29aa93ea5e1d077508e10499391b0dca5ba9a493d360bd35a8">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/germany</ref><br/>[[Berlin]] | 357587.77 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c30c744cc8d1683921d063fbb9edf67b0445ec100626745fbcbc647782c7bed5">https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/85921/ssoar-2023-seeger_et_al-Kritische_Flachenfragen_-_Flachenveranderungen_und.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y&lnkname=ssoar-2023-seeger_et_al-Kritische_Flachenfragen_-_Flachenveranderungen_und.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_0e8d288976e5fc82ece1969aac468ee1b37e61ce5becb93cfcc5ed975493294e">''[[:d:Q1206379|General Treaty]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0aaaa5a7a82b0a7c136905d5fdcea358424e8a04be48b9d47cb8e8cd8be10345">https://www.ndr.de/geschichte/chronologie/Deutschlandvertrag-Wie-die-Bundesrepublik-souveraen-wurde,deutschlandvertrag100.html</ref><ref name="ref_2ebe9814d2917c7003bf83a374e6ebc357663e1b2a5ad7faa6d40ad2e07afc3d">https://www.bundestag.de/resource/blob/579364/034b11190e6f59ada9686600ee020f37/wd-3-119-09-pdf-data.pdf</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q798431|Q798431]] | DHY | | [[File:Flag of Benin.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dahomey (1958–1964).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q798431|Republic of Dahomey]]'' | [[File:Benin in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Porto-Novo]] | | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q977|Q977]] | DJI | DJI | [[File:Flag of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Djibouti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Djibuti]] | [[File:Djibouti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Djibuti (citate)|Djibuti]] | 23200 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | pais de Africa |- | [[:d:Q784|Q784]] | DMA | DMA | [[File:Flag of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Dominica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Dominica (pais)|Dominica]] | [[File:Dominica on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36281|Roseau]]'' | 751.096551 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q35|Q35]] | DNK | DEN | [[File:Flag of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National coat of arms of Denmark.svg|center|48px]] | [[Danmark]] | [[File:Denmark (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Copenhagen]]<ref name="ref_2ab2d3efd2b6883b381ce9a652bd0a5322344d6df7b3edab85734fc96927cc79">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/denmark</ref> | 42925.46 kilometro quadrate | [[stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q786|Q786]] | DOM | DOM | [[File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Dominican Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica Dominican]] | [[File:Dominican Republic (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Santo Domingo]] | 48670.82 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_4abceb84df88466e423d116c50d9971c4498b76c685f15eaca23a783c8e7515f">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/dominican-republic/summaries/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q262|Q262]] | DZA | ALG | [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of Algeria (bronze effect).svg|center|48px]] | [[Algeria]] | [[File:Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Alger]] | 2381741 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_0d68ad2342f20c5aedf1007877b78f219bf3c78c3bafc42a9ec6a9bf41b84f47">''[[:d:Q111513095|Algérie, la tierce rive en Méditerranée]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q736|Q736]] | ECU | ECU | [[File:Flag of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ecuador.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ecuador]] | [[File:ECU orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Quito]] | 257204.27 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_41cd80a6a4bbc555bafe2260afacfcf284688b2bea0c2739219b918d0f0e36bc">https://www.censoecuador.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/01_2022_CPV_Estructura_poblacional.xlsx</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q79|Q79]] | EGY | EGY | [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Egypt (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Egypto]] | [[File:EGY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Cairo]] | 1010407.87 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q986|Q986]] | ERI | ERI | [[File:Flag of Eritrea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Eritrea (or argent azur).svg|center|48px]] | [[Eritrea]] | [[File:Eritrea (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asmara]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 117600 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q6250|Q6250]] | ESH | | | | [[Sahara Occidental]] | [[File:Location Western Sahara AU Africa.svg|center|48px]] | | | 266000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f226f10d202b7e4f0418bdff05b1a1f1b29872374382df6b8b7442b6cb1ec5b5">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2016/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q29|Q29]] | ESP | ESP<br/>SPA<ref name="ref_441ce199c513a152aef7457e8d9baa34eaaafd6b369d45f9de3c14d47f6defc1">''[[:d:Q180672|list of IOC country codes]]''</ref> | [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo de España (variant).svg|center|48px]] | [[Espania]] | [[File:Spain on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Madrid]]<ref name="ref_71f48b845957dc61c36dc7c60d2661c2aebd68d9cc47907d548c76e59c9d3dc3">''[[:d:Q847664|constitution of Spain]]''</ref><ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 505990 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_71259f2df20025f4f6ebfbd2cea3654df36bc05b2af744c8bb54649653486875">http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/anuario08/anu08_01entor.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<ref name="ref_c0734c4a4c9f9a09f2283bfb005697cd4dea47545ed0aea5eb3d79a7b3dc6766">https://books.google.es/books?id=dciHDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14&dq=espa%C3%B1a+estado+soberano&hl=es&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZvb7YgdqKAxW9TaQEHYi1L-AQ6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=espa%C3%B1a%20estado%20soberano&f=false</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_816656db543d7f192ac0f5eedc1b0406efcaf2501630b58d76d99c4105e7ce6b">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/spain</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_f6e643aeb8317c43addd1338add17398b2150b82005b8eb7fe9f4a62db4f1a20">https://www.miteco.gob.es/content/dam/miteco/es/biodiversidad/temas/espacios-protegidos/pbl_rn_region_mediterranea_tcm30-197189.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179671|nation state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q191|Q191]] | EST | EST | [[File:Flag of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Estonia]] | [[File:EU-Estonia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tallinn]] | 45335 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_4653dfca016f1bd2f5883046c58081f4802a23cbdfacca99b1a6483a87daac2b">https://maaamet.ee/uudised/kingitus-eesti-sunnipaevaks-eesti-sai-95-saare-vorra-rikkamaks</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_89858635d1d4e1e5cf622dbd9ab76a49f5468813d004350e3380e228dd35b83d">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/estonia</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_54e342fdf5e3df1445603c89567af796e487dcfef339f4a0ae5ed1b3fe9ffe09">https://www.riigiteataja.ee/en/eli/ee/521052015001/consolide/current</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115|Q115]] | ETH | ETH | [[File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Ethiopia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ethiopia]] | [[File:Ethiopia (Africa orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Addis Abeba]] | 1104300 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_edc2fab86e50cec4422ea17373796e8bf33c96df1568995feb78f6aff375f401">''[[:d:Q87326639|МСЭ2/Эфиопия]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q33|Q33]] | FIN | FIN | [[File:Flag of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Finland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Finlandia]] | [[File:Finland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Helsinki]]<ref name="ref_318da0135bfb25d1f42d651688f070b4056ca932b27cf562763c8b665a912c1c">''[[:d:Q14334357|Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen]]''</ref> | 338478.34 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_45fa35ad65f8e138eaadf805bf5345a74d1792fe016fc52eff727dd0c68b6042">''[[:d:Q117800624|Area of Finland's municipalities 2023-01-01]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_318da0135bfb25d1f42d651688f070b4056ca932b27cf562763c8b665a912c1c">''[[:d:Q14334357|Suomen historian pikkujättiläinen]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q712|Q712]] | FJI | FIJ | [[File:Flag of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Fiji.svg|center|48px]] | [[Fiji]] | [[File:Fiji (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Suva]]<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | 18274 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_202d137c6425b2a43a20e310db64cbd63e6934c5462ed66403c3e1a2d82eeab6">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fj.html</ref> | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q9648|Q9648]] | FLK | FLK | [[File:Flag of the Falkland Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Falkland Islands (relief).svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Falkland]] | [[File:Location map of the Falklands – Alternative version 4.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q12245|Stanley]]'' | 12200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | archipelago in le Atlantico meridional, e un territorio britannic de ultramar, disputate per Argentina |- | [[:d:Q142|Q142]] | FRA | FRA | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_24586f4cbffe0665081df82c9c5e73f79348356487223b2dc34f514cfc958a02">https://www.europe1.fr/politique/info-e1-le-drapeau-francais-a-change-de-couleur-4076943</ref> | [[File:Arms of the French Republic.svg|center|48px]] | [[Francia]] | [[File:EU-France (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Paris]] | 643801 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_a92d077c5f3818620affb2a5d7c48fa8255ac5b86d0bca5eb9961dbcf2aaf058">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/france</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q4628|Q4628]] | FRO | FRO | [[File:Flag of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Feroe]] | [[File:Europe-Faroe Islands.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tórshavn]] | 1399 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]'' | pais constitutive del Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q702|Q702]] | FSM | FSM | [[File:Flag of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Federated States of Micronesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Federate de Micronesia|Micronesia]] | [[File:Micronesia on the globe (Micronesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q42751|Palikir]]'' | 702 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q212429|Q212429]] | FXX | | | | ''[[:d:Q212429|metropolitan France]]'' | | | [[Paris]] | 543940 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q192498|administrative territorial entity of France]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1000|Q1000]] | GAB | GAB | [[File:Flag of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gabon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gabon]] | [[File:Gabon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Libreville]] | 267667 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q145|Q145]] | GBR | GBR | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (3-5).svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_2e1423dcb8b790e2e90a3897a27b6871f1f66485f3fef42b8884658e2a229779">https://www.college-of-arms.gov.uk/resources/union-flag-approved-designs</ref> | [[File:Coat of arms of the United Kingdom (2022, variant 2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno Unite]] | [[File:Europe-UK.svg|center|48px]] | GB-UKM | [[London]] | 242495 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0d356e1a2755f6d5be930f6bc59055a2c20ee6f0f75bdfd374f011057ad93137">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_07aba9f4379b9bcc0a6454827692516fc6c733e43765fde9ef8e09c53c9b2bab">https://www.legislation.gov.uk/aip/Geo3/40/38</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q1050859|Q1050859]] | GEL | | [[File:Flag of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937–1976).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands (1937-1979).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q1050859|Gilbert and Ellice Islands]]'' | [[File:LocationGilbertandEllice.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q131233|South Tarawa]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q133156|colonia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q230|Q230]] | GEO | GEO | [[File:Flag of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Georgia (pais)|Georgia]] | [[File:Europe-Georgia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tbilisi]] | 69700 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q236036|republic of the Soviet Union]]''<ref name="ref_5c230e70bc98bbb5feb57eebe6a26f1f466f19895c08275dad9169e8102d4f75">https://iverieli.nplg.gov.ge/bitstream/1234/274221/1/Komunisti_1921_N1.pdf</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q25230|Q25230]] | GGY | | [[File:Flag of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25230|Guernsey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Guernsey.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q174262|Saint Peter Port]]''<ref name="ref_d7f3fbf911ccc5e0cabba1efbe3a7d2fe53e36a359a9eb710109378e62030924">''[[:d:Q4041526|Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]]''</ref> | 78 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4996207|bailiwick]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q117|Q117]] | GHA | GHA | [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ghana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ghana]] | [[File:Ghana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Accra]] | 238535 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1410|Q1410]] | GIB | | [[File:Flag of Gibraltar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Gibraltar1.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gibraltar]] | [[File:Gibraltar location in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Gibraltar]] | 6.843 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<ref name="ref_3d29c82e3baa841b09d9b9b3d90dfa52de4372e39fcb0938708203ec1cab03f2">https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q900119|United Nations list of non-self-governing territories]]''<ref name="ref_48b69b1d187d696733b5fe4c026ed451633a131e2317cfa1a73d9d01cc933ea8">http://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<ref name="ref_3d29c82e3baa841b09d9b9b3d90dfa52de4372e39fcb0938708203ec1cab03f2">https://www.gibraltar.gov.gi/press/gibraltar-fact-sheets</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>[[citate]]<ref name="ref_90fc85d406f4fa37137ab499b9cce2bfdb857196e9342ab74d8f58415463d6c8">https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-62710553</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1006|Q1006]] | GIN | GUI | [[File:Flag of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea]] | [[File:Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Conakry]] | 245857 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17012|Q17012]] | GLP | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guadeloupe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guadalupe|Guadeloupe]] | [[File:Guadeloupe in France 2016.svg|center|48px]] | FR-971 | ''[[:d:Q167024|Basse-Terre]]'' | 1628 kilometro quadrate | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1005|Q1005]] | GMB | GAM | [[File:Flag of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of The Gambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Gambia]] | [[File:Gambia (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Banjul]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 11300 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1007|Q1007]] | GNB | GBS | [[File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Guinea-Bissau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea-Bissau]] | [[File:Guinea-Bissau on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bissau]] | 36125 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q983|Q983]] | GNQ | GEQ | [[File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Equatorial Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guinea Equatorial]] | [[File:GNQ orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1140136|Ciudad de la Paz]]''<ref name="ref_4670f62228431d43ad88bf0ad1dfba386f3c50cacf86ad612695c2d620a35424">https://realequatorialguinea.com/destacado/politica/plazo-de-un-ano-para-el-traslado-de-entes-publicos-a-la-nueva-capital-politica-de-guinea-ecuatorial/</ref><ref name="ref_b2231c6e6b12db62e5fd5a94e0bca5fb0d0dafc6ac483b371b6791c858bab698">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/01/04/en-guinee-equatoriale-ciudad-de-la-paz-devient-officiellement-la-nouvelle-capitale_6660479_3212.html</ref> | 28051 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q41|Q41]] | GRC | GRE | [[File:Flag of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greece.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grecia]] | [[File:Greece on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Athenas]]<ref name="ref_7f80c57339dd698c07901fec3c81610dd872f97c45364d2194c244d9e12c1466">http://europa.eu/about-eu/countries/member-countries/greece/index_en.htm</ref><ref name="ref_bbccf96b5d48698decad5413c8b90dacd924a8ba54e80d8c7e2a8f52fe06c774">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html</ref> | 131957 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_c2d67b9e3a07d872ee28f66d2f0e22aa78db5c8eb2e9b18c4acd26b41f3eea1f">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/greece</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q769|Q769]] | GRD | GRN | [[File:Flag of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Grenada.svg|center|48px]] | [[Grenada]] | [[File:Grenada in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41547|St. George's]]'' | 348.5 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q223|Q223]] | GRL | | [[File:Flag of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Greenland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Groenlandia]] | [[File:Greenland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | DK-GL | [[Nuuk]] | 2166086 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q66724388|autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q192611|districto electoral]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q788176|autonomous administrative territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]'' | Pais autonome intra le Regno de Danmark |- | [[:d:Q774|Q774]] | GTM | GUA | [[File:Flag of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guatemala.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guatemala]] | [[File:Guatemala on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Citate de Guatemala]] | 108889 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171751|banana republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3769|Q3769]] | GUF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Guiana, according to the original displayed at the Museum Franconie, at Cayenne.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q3769|French Guiana]]'' | [[File:French Guiana (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-973 | ''[[:d:Q44401|Cayenne]]''<ref name="ref_4058423f56ad42a5dad3cf811c43b58f4b2eac00baa2606d64175bb0c28dc229">https://www.ctguyane.fr/lassemblee/</ref> | 83534 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q16635|Q16635]] | GUM | GUM | [[File:Flag of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Guam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guam]] | [[File:Guam on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | US-GU | ''[[:d:Q30988|Hagåtña]]'' | 544 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>[[insula]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_d0f09ed15666b50e8d9a68ba9dbc619bb6d784d90a7618c64f8a2f648668f919">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/resources/the-world-factbook/geos/gq.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q734|Q734]] | GUY | GUY | [[File:Flag of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Guyana.svg|center|48px]] | [[Guyana]] | [[File:GUY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Georgetown (Guyana)|Georgetown]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 214970 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q8646|Q8646]] | HKG | HKG | [[File:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Hong Kong.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hong Kong]] | [[File:Hong Kong in China (zoomed) (+all claims hatched).svg|center|48px]] | CN-HK | | 1105.69 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_23f31d605c239779ad76199ec0d06a084629017fe5bc72344b1c5ae5ba458222">http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf</ref><br/>1649.34 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_23f31d605c239779ad76199ec0d06a084629017fe5bc72344b1c5ae5ba458222">http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf</ref><br/>2755.03 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_23f31d605c239779ad76199ec0d06a084629017fe5bc72344b1c5ae5ba458222">http://www.landsd.gov.hk/mapping/en/publications/hk_geographic_data_sheet.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q200250|metropole]]''<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3337001|nationality for sports]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q131198|Q131198]] | HMD | | [[File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insula de Heard e Insulas de McDonald]] | [[File:Heard Island and McDonald Islands on the globe (Antarctica centered).svg|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value | 368 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q38048753|natural cultural heritage site]]''<ref name="ref_61c66ae5b30ad6078e22b9f22c9b9b78d9794dff664cca19b7133532d8da93fd">http://data.gov.au/dataset/2016-soe-her-aus-national-heritage</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q783|Q783]] | HND | HON | [[File:Flag of Honduras (1949–2022, 2026–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Honduras.svg|center|48px]] | [[Honduras]] | [[File:Honduras (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tegucigalpa]] | 112492 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q224|Q224]] | HRV | CRO | [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Croatia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Croatia]] | [[File:EU-Croatia (orthographic projection).png|center|48px]] | | [[Zagreb]] | 56594 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_bd55e0d1c81d14774f58559de438e4defda1e12d62864cdaa1d947db0f41b791">http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2011/SLJH2011.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q790|Q790]] | HTI | HAI | [[File:Flag of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Haiti.svg|center|48px]] | [[Haiti]] | [[File:Haiti (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q34261|Port-au-Prince]]'' | 27750 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a91f5a5fe89915b02835d39667e7f996de05f72841798895019b9b8e3c417445">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/haiti/summaries/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q28|Q28]] | HUN | HUN | [[File:Flag of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | [[Hungaria]] | [[File:EU-Hungary.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Budapest]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 93011.4 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0e8a04ccdbb38c486094c3321971af7815300f2cf7c847a315389a4c541782fc">http://www.ksh.hu/apps/shop.kiadvany?p_kiadvany_id=81322</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_4483f66877946ec33f67c3904523e9d019870bd6fd337507938223bc808df79f">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/hu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q797422|Q797422]] | HVO | VOL | [[File:Flag of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Upper Volta.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q797422|Republic of Upper Volta]]'' | [[File:LocationBurkinaFaso.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ouagadougou]] | | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q252|Q252]] | IDN | INA | [[File:Flag of Indonesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Indonesia Garuda Pancasila.svg|center|48px]] | [[Indonesia]] | [[File:Indonesia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Jakarta]] | 1904570 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q9676|Q9676]] | IMN | | [[File:Flag of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insula de Man]] | [[File:Europe-Isle of Man.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q18569|Douglas]]''<ref name="ref_ac35a63fc8a562a4bbb9c89da46194321cf422408939313f1721fe7a3d50f4f7">https://www.gov.im/about-the-government/departments/cabinet-office/media-centre/isle-of-man-an-overview/</ref> | 572 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q668|Q668]] | IND | IND | [[File:Flag of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of India.svg|center|48px]] | [[India]] | [[File:India (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nove Delhi]] | 3287263 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q43448|Q43448]] | IOT | | [[File:Flag of the Commissioner of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Indian Ocean Territory.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q43448|British Indian Ocean Territory]]'' | [[File:British Indian Ocean Territory on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value<br/>''[[:d:Q184851|Diego Garcia]]'' | 60 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27|Q27]] | IRL | IRL | [[File:Flag of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Republica de Irlanda]] | [[File:EU-Ireland.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dublin]] | 69797 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1aca3d43d4cf0ba69f864fd92459be3c7e5347af31cbe9d7c89d86c03c615ca5">https://european-union.europa.eu/principles-countries-history/key-facts-and-figures/life-eu_en</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q794|Q794]] | IRN | IRI | [[File:Flag of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Iran.svg|center|48px]] | [[Iran]] | [[File:Iran (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Teheran|Tehran]] | 1648195 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_706c979762a1bfe0bb4d75a7fa59245b9273be5b15e78cd69c3f108939e0d350">''[[:d:Q3462918|Mo'in Encyclopedic Dictionary]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q796|Q796]] | IRQ | IRQ | [[File:Flag of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iraq.svg|center|48px]] | [[Irak]] | [[File:Iraq (orthographic-projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bagdad]] | 437072 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_027eec560c36675d7dfcf0ec6ab1730925cc74a759fe419ef4a03c5e837afe70">https://www.iraqiembassy.us/page/geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q189|Q189]] | ISL | ISL | [[File:Flag of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Iceland.svg|center|48px]] | [[Islanda]] | [[File:Iceland (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Reykjavík|Reykjavik]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 103004 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]''<ref name="ref_98d1b23b41cd51e23b3bfe865c80c37dbf722f949048af4d2eb8b52b7047cc9a">https://whc.unesco.org/en/activities/504/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q801|Q801]] | ISR | ISR | [[File:Flag of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Israel.svg|center|48px]] | [[Israel]] | [[File:Israel (orthographic projection) with disputed territories.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Jerusalem]]<ref name="ref_fe66d79305fe05e6daf671f160ea52ec9cc53ddcccc361d96fbbed21b69e9cfd">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html</ref><ref name="ref_bed08e9baec502181b115c0518a39e715e7ea32434d2b2f8c7240f1f4d9329d1">''[[:d:Q1634035|Jerusalem Law]]''</ref> | 20770 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q38|Q38]] | ITA | ITA | [[File:Flag of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Italy.svg|center|48px]] | [[Italia]] | [[File:Italy on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Roma]]<ref name="ref_bc3d19d9b31811e635d1687f26f2bde9f4c377e9839a06c8c97a2e653aa9a4f3">http://www.governo.it/costituzione-italiana/parte-seconda-ordinamento-della-repubblica/titolo-v-le-regionile-province-e-i</ref> | 302068 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_8f75b8c83fc8103d6bd5bf19dd786289cda0d0b87d5a016400665bd155f6e6a5">https://www.tuttitalia.it/italia/</ref> | [[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref> | Italia es un pais del sud de Europa, membro del Union Europee |- | [[:d:Q766|Q766]] | JAM | JAM | [[File:Flag of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jamaica.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jamaica]] | [[File:Jamaica (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kingston]] | 10991.90954 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]''<ref name="ref_7fd3330f2d80033c175da2dfd52ded267e02db5ca01cb0080f78f14d38bee1ac">''[[:d:Q87326082|МСЭ2/Ямайка]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q785|Q785]] | JEY<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ca652d7e17bcaf3c9763053fbd648993f635d0474f5bfa63eea979be1687f653">''[[:d:Q1520117|Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names]]''</ref> | | [[File:Flag of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q785|Jersey]]'' | [[File:Europe-Jersey.svg|center|48px]] | GB-JSY | ''[[:d:Q147738|Saint Helier]]'' | 118.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q185086|Crown Dependencies]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q810|Q810]] | JOR | JOR | [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Jordan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Jordania]] | [[File:Jordan on the globe (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Amman]] | 89341 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17|Q17]] | JPN | JPN | [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Kamon of the Imperial House of Japan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Japon]] | [[File:Japan on the globe (de-facto) (Japan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tokyo]] | 377972.28 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_abc3a7b6a82b0e7dce0ee5331c624e8c53edf38da63fef7cf24d52e956bcedd7">''[[:d:Q66481470|МСЭ2 / Япония]]''</ref> | pais de Asia |- | [[:d:Q131008|Q131008]] | JTN | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great Seal of the United States (obverse).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q131008|Johnston Atoll]]'' | [[File:LocationJohnstonAtoll.png|center|48px]] | UM-67 | | 2.67 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q473972|protected area]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>[[Atollo]]<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q139595919|reef island]]''<ref name="ref_ecbd17383f1f46dc7954797b33cfc4f55f90a08051dd0f28e2baa19799e70c36">''[[:d:Q57859044|Classifying Pacific islands]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q232|Q232]] | KAZ | KAZ | [[File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kazakhstan latin.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qazaqstan|Kazakhstan]] | [[File:Kazakhstan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Astana]] | 2724900 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]''<br/>[[pais]] | stato euroasiatic |- | [[:d:Q114|Q114]] | KEN | KEN | [[File:Flag of Kenya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kenya (Official).svg|center|48px]] | [[Kenya]] | [[File:Kenya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nairobi]] | 581309 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q813|Q813]] | KGZ | KGZ | [[File:Flag of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Kyrgyzstan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kirghizistan]] | [[File:Kyrgyzstan on the globe (Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bishkek]] | 199951 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia central |- | [[:d:Q424|Q424]] | KHM | CAM | [[File:Flag of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal arms of Cambodia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Cambodja|Cambodgia]] | [[File:Cambodia on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Phnom Penh]] | 181035 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q710|Q710]] | KIR | KIR | [[File:Flag of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Kiribati.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kiribati]] | [[File:Kiribati on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q131233|South Tarawa]]'' | 811 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q763|Q763]] | KNA | SKN | [[File:Flag of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Saint Kitts and Nevis.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Kitts e Nevis]] | [[File:KNA orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41295|Basseterre]]'' | 269.358763 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais insular caribe |- | [[:d:Q884|Q884]] | KOR | KOR | [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of South Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Sud]] | [[File:South Korea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Seoul]] | 100295 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b56d7a5874cc979de67507be4b9d0ec0309a3055065d3b2c94872cb63e655bc8">https://www.britannica.com/place/South-Korea</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q817|Q817]] | KWT | KUW | [[File:Flag of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the State of Kuwait.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kuwait]] | [[File:KWT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q35178|Kuwait City]]'' | 17818 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q819|Q819]] | LAO | LAO | [[File:Flag of Laos.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Laos (1991-2025).svg|center|48px]] | [[Laos]] | [[File:Laos on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q9326|Vientiane]]'' | 236800 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>[[pais]] | stato soveran in Asia del sud-est |- | [[:d:Q822|Q822]] | LBN | LBN | [[File:Flag of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lebanon.svg|center|48px]] | [[Libano]] | [[File:Lebanon (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Beirut]] | 10452 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1014|Q1014]] | LBR | LBR | [[File:Flag of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Liberia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liberia]] | [[File:Liberia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Monrovia]] | 111369 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1016|Q1016]] | LBY | LBA | [[File:Flag of Libya.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Government of National Unity (Libya).svg|center|48px]] | [[Libya]] | [[File:Libya (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tripoli]] | 1759541 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q760|Q760]] | LCA | LCA | [[File:Flag of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Lucia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q760|Saint Lucia]]'' | [[File:Saint Lucia on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41699|Castries]]'' | 617.012867 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q347|Q347]] | LIE | LIE | [[File:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Staatswappen-Liechtensteins.svg|center|48px]] | [[Liechtenstein]] | [[File:Liechtenstein on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Vaduz]] | 160 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_dc0531c9baebf3ff52b09c3ffe8a977fc1fb9512131cb80fc2011b77431c4b64">https://www.liechtenstein.li/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q854|Q854]] | LKA | SRI | [[File:Flag of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sri Lanka.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sri Lanka]] | [[File:Sri Lanka (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41963|Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]]''<br/>[[Colombo]] | 65610 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1013|Q1013]] | LSO | LES | [[File:Flag of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lesotho.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lesotho]] | [[File:Lesotho (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Maseru]] | 30355 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q37|Q37]] | LTU | LTU | [[File:Flag of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Lithuania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lituania]] | [[File:Lithuania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Vilnius]]<ref name="ref_8733203edf880b0fdce16649f429617b8e0121a1c001d8d42e043cd1c7c14f6e">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/lh.html</ref> | 65300 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c92956357b061d1115c1d301b7b0e504d7c6d4547d6a61d3e759d4d2924cd32c">https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17536867</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q32|Q32]] | LUX | LUX | [[File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the grand-duchy of Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | [[Luxemburg]] | [[File:EU-Luxembourg.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Luxemburg (citate)|Luxemburg]]<ref name="ref_31ff9a393dcba335ef95ebe7ec7b7cfaf816029e0c224a93b1ff9dea7ef2ae2b">https://luxembourg.public.lu/dam-assets/publications/tout-savoir-sur-le-grand-duche-de-luxembourg/tout-savoir-sur-le-grand-duche-de-luxembourg-en.pdf</ref> | 2593.05 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_6052f11f70412f14b73f6ac107232bd631ec4d2207b1adbb4384ff5759b73e2e">https://data.public.lu/fr/datasets/r/3931f0cf-ebf9-4050-b71c-e1b61b1bfa2c</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q165116|grand duchy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q211|Q211]] | LVA | LAT | [[File:Flag of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Latvia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Lettonia]] | [[File:Latvia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Riga]] | 64593.77 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f15e7acdd449cf8bf828be04e7822998114a796fa4237c50bafc336afeb1a48b">https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__ENV__DR__DRT/DRT011/</ref><br/>61760.39 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f15e7acdd449cf8bf828be04e7822998114a796fa4237c50bafc336afeb1a48b">https://data.stat.gov.lv/pxweb/lv/OSP_PUB/START__ENV__DR__DRT/DRT011/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | republica in le nord de Europa |- | [[:d:Q14773|Q14773]] | MAC | MAC | [[File:Flag of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Regional Emblem of Macau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macao]] | [[File:Macau locator map.svg|center|48px]] | CN-MO | | 115.3 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q779415|region administrative special]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q486972|localitate populate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q125470455|customs territory of China]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126125|Q126125]] | MAF | | [[File:Flag of France.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:St Martin Coat.png|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q126125|Saint-Martin]]'' | [[File:Saint Martin in its region (zoom).svg|center|48px]] | FR-MF | ''[[:d:Q200605|Marigot]]'' | 53.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1028|Q1028]] | MAR | MAR | [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Morocco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Marocco]] | [[File:Morocco WS-excluded (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Rabat]] | 446550 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_037244fce3bd4d7c276a4ba8396763fa4c76da984a2768bdcf981b8032ed4a83">https://databank.worldbank.org/views/reports/reportwidget.aspx?Report_Name=CountryProfile&Id=b450fd57&tbar=y&dd=y&inf=n&zm=n&country=MAR</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q235|Q235]] | MCO | MON | [[File:Flag of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Monaco.svg|center|48px]] | [[Monaco (principato)|Monaco]] | [[File:Monaco on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Monaco (principato)|Monaco]] | 2.08 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[Principato]]<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q217|Q217]] | MDA | MDA | [[File:Flag of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Moldova.svg|center|48px]] | [[Moldavia]] | [[File:Location Moldova Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Chișinău]] | 33843.5 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_320523ebb83cf98848ef4bc8a90a8d71e83172da42f7fd7a46d9be6dab1189f1">https://moldova.md/en/content/geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de Europa |- | [[:d:Q1019|Q1019]] | MDG | MAD | [[File:Flag of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Madagascar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Madagascar]] | [[File:MDG orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Antananarivo]] | 587295 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_6f98b31dc213340ed7ea368ae286648c54dc0e5d0a6293f8f0fc74f87d768c99">https://www.instat.mg/accueil/madagascar-en-chiffre/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q826|Q826]] | MDV | MDV | [[File:Flag of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Maldives.svg|center|48px]] | [[Maldivas]] | [[File:Maldives (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Malé]] | 298 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | pais archipelagic de Asia |- | [[:d:Q96|Q96]] | MEX<ref name="ref_48d0ce6be950795de8ca7fff8e44dbc620d6e5a7b241a75d037258726867406a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:MX</ref> | MEX | [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mexico.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | [[Mexico]] | [[File:MEX orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Citate de Mexico]]<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1972550 kilometro quadrate<br/>1964375 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q709|Q709]] | MHL | MHL | [[File:Flag of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Marshall Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q709|Marshall Islands]]'' | [[File:Marshall Islands on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q12919|Majuro]]'' | 181.43 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q47863|Q47863]] | MID | | | | ''[[:d:Q47863|Midway Atoll]]'' | [[File:Midway Atoll in United States.svg|center|48px]] | UM-71 | | 2.4 square mile | ''[[:d:Q1550680|unorganized territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q221|Q221]] | MKD | MKD | [[File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of North Macedonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Macedonia del Nord|Republica del Macedonia del Nord]] | [[File:North Macedonia on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Skopje]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 25713 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q912|Q912]] | MLI | MLI | [[File:Flag of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mali.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mali]] | [[File:Mali (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bamako]] | 1240192 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q233|Q233]] | MLT | MLT | [[File:Flag of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malta.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malta]] | [[File:EU-Malta.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Valletta]] | 316 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b7d4225b765f9a3f3a6ee09618f7d4756f4eeed6e4278db7bd84c056a17e386e">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/malta</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q836|Q836]] | MMR | MYA | [[File:Flag of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State Seal of the Republic of the Union of Myanmar.svg|center|48px]] | [[Birmania]] | [[File:Myanmar on the globe (Myanmar centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q37400|Naypyidaw]]'' | 676577.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q236|Q236]] | MNE | MNE | [[File:Flag of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | [[Montenegro]] | [[File:LocationMontenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Podgorica]]<ref name="ref_658e89be6b3befa7046c7406ff2da56adc938521f3ffca5509407b379c856cbc">https://codices.coe.int/codices/documents/constitution/5375375a-83ed-4e8a-8e0a-1bba2aa41f27</ref> | 13883 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q711|Q711]] | MNG | MGL | [[File:Flag of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Mongolia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mongolia]] | [[File:Mongolia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ulan Bator]]<ref name="ref_7d1c754bbb9c79f4e261ec07b06c3412be495db3ef2a3f0b65778cafa7f09ce7">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/</ref> | 1564116 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_7d1c754bbb9c79f4e261ec07b06c3412be495db3ef2a3f0b65778cafa7f09ce7">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/</ref><ref name="ref_de0990d91ded6a2587b53be8f3625ce4ff409b396e08794112a494368df2f7f7">https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/52240/52240-001-iee-en.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q16644|Q16644]] | MNP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ab6934192ea8c6c60b949cb7f56be9c127a7421c2660ed39599b39c49ad0119c">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui#iso:code:3166:MP</ref> | | [[File:Flag of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the Northern Mariana Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q16644|Northern Mariana Islands]]'' | [[File:Northern Mariana Islands in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-MP<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q49755159|Saipan]]'' | 464 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_e2f611e48ca35a2ee76d828427ab1313b3e8e3f9874fc92a31963fc7fd56005b">https://www.doi.gov/oia/budget/authorities-public-law</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref><ref name="ref_ff32cb157f332cb4cddd38b09ecd8e975656883a79871be675e2e30b504babe5">''[[:d:Q746368|Great Norwegian Encyclopedia]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]''<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref><ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1029|Q1029]] | MOZ | MOZ | [[File:Flag of Mozambique.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Mozambique.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mozambique]] | [[File:Mozambique (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Maputo]] | 801590 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1025|Q1025]] | MRT | MTN | [[File:Flag of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Seal of Mauritania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritania]] | [[File:LocationMauritania.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Nouakchott]] | 1030700 kilometro quadrate | [[Republica islamic]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q13353|Q13353]] | MSR | | [[File:Flag of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Montserrat.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q13353|Montserrat]]'' | [[File:Montserrat in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30990|Plymouth]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q31006|Brades]]'' | 102 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>[[insula]] | |- | [[:d:Q17054|Q17054]] | MTQ | | [[File:Flag-of-Martinique.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Martinica]] | [[File:Martinique-CIA WFB Map.png|center|48px]] | FR-972 | ''[[:d:Q81621|Fort-de-France]]'' | 1128 kilometro quadrate | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1027|Q1027]] | MUS | MRI | [[File:Flag of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Mauritius.svg|center|48px]] | [[Mauritio]] | [[File:Mauritius (orthographic projection with inset).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Port Louis]] | 2040 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_cd7c9c5c115de492113d029f3708fa8b03faa30e67fd271d607256934089be12">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/mauritius</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q1020|Q1020]] | MWI | MAW | [[File:Flag of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malawi.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malawi]] | [[File:LocationMalawi.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lilongwe]]<ref name="ref_e9d47c1ac01ff1fcbece0251f7a08c769ebd792ca695bd3a26bf7610666ff868">http://www.statoids.com/umw.html</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 118484 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_023fd9e86284bb6bb15e473196c9098e8a841169db7a8bd108cfe86db9ec643f">https://dbpedia.org/page/Malawi</ref><ref name="ref_454f72f09b7c6bfdd6ba70832587971dab0670bafd15afe1d093312784b52e47">''[[:d:Q2664168|Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana]]''</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q833|Q833]] | MYS<ref name="ref_91ced5a92c53470c76e4c318a3e14e7348c772d5741a91228cccdd5a43e6e26a">''[[:d:Q292649|AGROVOC]]''</ref> | MAS | [[File:Flag of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Malaysia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Malaysia]] | [[File:Malaysia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kuala Lumpur]] | 330803 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_0d356e1a2755f6d5be930f6bc59055a2c20ee6f0f75bdfd374f011057ad93137">https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2012/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q140892892|country sometimes considered transcontinental]]''<ref name="ref_87e6c82e5f9b0556ae953ae2489ab52303f0d0299fb57a9cf6edfcb59ff06036">https://web.archive.org/web/20230703175319/https://books.google.com/books?id=hmIDAAAAQAAJ&dq=%22Norfolk+Island+,+New+Zealand+,+and+some+smaller%22&pg=PA458</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q17063|Q17063]] | MYT | | [[File:Flag of Mayotte (Local).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of Mayotte.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q17063|Mayotte]]'' | [[File:Mayotte (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | FR-976 | ''[[:d:Q132676|Mamoudzou]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q846048|Dzaoudzi]]'' | 374 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>[[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1030|Q1030]] | NAM | NAM | [[File:Flag of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Namibia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Namibia]] | [[File:LocationNamibia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Windhoek]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 825615 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q33788|Q33788]] | NCL | | [[File:Flag of FLNKS.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of New Caledonia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Caledonia]] | [[File:New Caledonia in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-NC | ''[[:d:Q9733|Nouméa]]'' | 18576 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1032|Q1032]] | NER | NIG | [[File:Flag of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niger.svg|center|48px]] | [[Niger]] | [[File:LocationNiger.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Niamey]] | 1267000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q31057|Q31057]] | NFK | | [[File:Flag of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norfolk Island.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norfuk Ailen]] | [[File:Australia in its region (Norfolk Island special).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30963|Kingston]]'' | 34.6 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q11687019|external territory of Australia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q14192199|territory of Australia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1033|Q1033]] | NGA | NGR | [[File:Flag of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nigeria.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nigeria]] | [[File:LocationNigeria.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Abuja]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 923768 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_b8c50fa2d8e3156c148a83db2383a7989df01611ed6cdf3e2f2974120c846783">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_7c16b139c1c51716df89b9fa1b129d4c530567a8ed5b275075fd91aaa2b1a2f9">https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/nigeria.htm</ref><ref name="ref_85f1e39a5788c1aa07c69ec708f789307f51c414537a388e555de05af05c6fc5">https://photos.state.gov/libraries/nigeria/487468/pdfs/Nigeria%20overview%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf</ref><ref name="ref_76c1c3d9335871d3018c93daa405050159f0c30ae60630766a04d7d5a9c48396">https://www.forbes.com/places/nigeria/?sh=171606ed4b80</ref><ref name="ref_20e6f4914c5b7943b46d51c4f77d5302928b5e184ea5d6fa9bb5b6d4bc73b833">https://www.lonelyplanet.com/nigeria</ref><ref name="ref_ac96336048c4cbe3228acfb72a8083a12fdf9afbfeb00ef881255ae3f37b5dd7">https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/nigeria/</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q752431|Q752431]] | NHB | | [[File:Flag of New Hebrides (1969).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Hebrides.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q752431|New Hebrides]]'' | [[File:LocationVanuatu.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q37806|Port Vila]]'' | | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q734818|condominium]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q811|Q811]] | NIC | NCA | [[File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nicaragua.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nicaragua]] | [[File:Nicaragua (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Managua]] | 120340 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q34020|Q34020]] | NIU | | [[File:Flag of Niue.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Niue.jpg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34020|Niue]]'' | [[File:Niue on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30966|Alofi]]'' | 260 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1138279|associated state]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q29999|Q29999]] | NLD | | [[File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Royal coat of arms of the Netherlands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Regno del Paises Basse]] | [[File:Kingdom of the Netherlands in its region (special marker).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Amsterdam]] | 42201 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q20181813|colonial power]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1250464|realm]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q20|Q20]] | NOR | NOR | [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | [[Norvegia|Norvega]] | [[File:Europe-Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Oslo]]<ref name="ref_238811c00bbde06ebcef712fe55f6c4e005d6573d58ef9fc61e20136bd11c169">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html</ref> | 385207 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f075e29ba400602608c9d0f2742b56de53a853804ebebcbdaa889a2bc9ca10eb">https://www.kartverket.no/kunnskap/Fakta-om-Norge/Arealstatistikk/Arealstatistikk-Norge/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_238811c00bbde06ebcef712fe55f6c4e005d6573d58ef9fc61e20136bd11c169">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/no.html</ref> | pais in Europa |- | [[:d:Q837|Q837]] | NPL | NEP | [[File:Flag of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Nepal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nepal]] | [[File:Nepal (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kathmandu]] | 147181.254346 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[region]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q842112|staato socialista]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q697|Q697]] | NRU | NRU | [[File:Flag of Nauru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Nauru (2020).svg|center|48px]] | [[Nauru]] | [[File:Nauru on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q31026|Yaren District]]'' | 21 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q664|Q664]] | NZL | NZL | [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of New Zealand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Nove Zelanda]] | [[File:NZL orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q23661|Wellington]]'' | 268021 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_c6871316bdeb1556c2cb74d8cc18cbb2d6fdef879d68bebda378e8b70461e1f2">https://www.parliament.nz/en/pb/research-papers/document/00PLLawRP07041/new-zealand-sovereignty-1857-1907-1947-or-1987</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q842|Q842]] | OMN | OMA | [[File:Flag of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Oman.svg|center|48px]] | [[Oman]] | [[File:Oman (better) (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3826|Muscat]]'' | 309500 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Sultanato]] | |- | [[:d:Q843|Q843]] | PAK | PAK | [[File:Flag of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:State emblem of Pakistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Pakistan]] | [[File:Pakistan on the globe (de-facto and claimed hatched) (Afro-Eurasia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Islamabad]]<br/>''[[:d:Q93230|Rawalpindi]]'' | 881913 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q804|Q804]] | PAN | PAN | [[File:Flag of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Panama.svg|center|48px]] | [[Panama]] | [[File:PAN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3306|Panama City]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 74177.3 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q129237|Q129237]] | PCI | | [[File:Flag of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands seal.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q129237|Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands]]'' | [[File:TTPI-locatormap.png|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q51679|Saipan]]'' | 1779 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q985073|United Nations trust territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35672|Q35672]] | PCN | | [[File:Flag of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Pitcairn Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Pitcairn]] | [[File:Pitcairn Islands on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q48273|Adamstown]]'' | 47 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>[[archipelago]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q419|Q419]] | PER | PER | [[File:Flag of Peru.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Escudo nacional del Perú.svg|center|48px]] | [[Peru]] | [[File:Peru (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lima]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1285216 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q928|Q928]] | PHL | PHI | [[File:Flag of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Philippines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Philippinas]] | [[File:Philippines on the globe (Philippines centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Manila]]<ref name="ref_01aac3c759e861d6e11985d3182736b2bd46d01347aaabb615453532a383935e">https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1976/05/29/presidential-decree-no-940-s-1976/</ref> | 343448 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_da04ee1e5298ffc3f89a617aab5529b595ed35254e4b9b068dd84e3e3bd705d7">https://www.gov.ph/about-the-philippines</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_81ccc0a78ceeb0d2999af5af7bc2806ac346781fcd398871eaf267afc8de71d0">http://www.gov.ph/constitutions/1987-constitution/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]] | |- | [[:d:Q695|Q695]] | PLW | PLW | [[File:Flag of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of Palau.svg|center|48px]] | [[Palau]] | [[File:Palau on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q515229|Ngerulmud]]'' | 465.550362 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[republica]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q691|Q691]] | PNG | PNG | [[File:Flag of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National emblem of Papua New Guinea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Papua Nove Guinea]] | [[File:Papua New Guinea (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Port Moresby]] | 462840 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]] | |- | [[:d:Q36|Q36]] | POL | POL | [[File:Flag of Poland.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Herb Polski.svg|center|48px]] | [[Polonia]] | [[File:Poland on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Varsovia]] | 312683 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_befea119af7b88a867f718383855db6d3f58746b050d5fd52e4d98760829a83e">''[[:d:Q9311474|Statistical Yearbook of Poland]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1183|Q1183]] | PRI | PUR | [[File:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.svg|center|48px]] | [[Porto Rico]] | [[File:LocationPuertoRico.svg|center|48px]] | US-PR | ''[[:d:Q41211|San Juan]]'' | 9104 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_dfc403209caf0578c8559357b9205638ab0e828262f336253dc24a8fdeb22bd0">https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6444&context=faculty_scholarship</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7252696|Provincial deputation in Spanish America]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3502482|region cultural]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q609591|commonwealth]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q423|Q423]] | PRK | PRK | [[File:Flag of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of North Korea.svg|center|48px]] | [[Corea del Nord]] | [[File:LocationNorthKorea.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Pyongyang]] | 120540 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q465613|republica popular]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1309121|hermit kingdom]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3303230|pariah state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q45|Q45]] | PRT | POR | [[File:Flag of Portugal (official).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Portugal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Portugal]] | [[File:Portugal on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lisbona]]<ref name="ref_2274eec7680da6de2af360ad52dc0dcb205135a73c09adf2640233a86ab74895">https://lisbonne.net/lisbonne-pas-capitale-du-portugal</ref> | 92225 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_75175874fc4cffd6c95463ffa3b26c832005e827e7b1a3e1d02a14147ea413cd">https://www.pordata.pt/Municipios/Superf%C3%ADcie-57</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_7dd3b4f770cc92367bf28c3810ee5f21e0cc00e546274fe622cc301b1595ad35">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/portugal</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q733|Q733]] | PRY | PAR | [[File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Paraguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Paraguay]] | [[File:PRY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Asunción]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 406756 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q219060|Q219060]] | PSE<ref name="ref_3f75e303bf4853c467c06725a05dba6eeb7112ce137fb140bdc7a80e567b6d9a">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#search</ref> | PLE | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | [[Stato de Palestina]] | [[File:State of Palestine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q212938|East Jerusalem]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q158119|Ramallah]]''<ref name="ref_e373230b332bc8177b0098f33774f1a4492a79d7d62597005d44a4128be938d0">https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna40431737</ref> | 6020 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_266d0550f01fca36f989386d46dce4355da2265e8abd09025eb4f991b43ef0f0">https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/occupied-palestinian-territory-humanitarian-atlas-2019</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>[[region]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_61cb9542cfec0192ac28895ad39604419ece3afcc2d24629fa49d44e66ca8713">https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-statehood-idUSBRE8AR0EG20121129</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<ref name="ref_1aa0d02a4d329d277dd84e6b641dfc97d3cea6ca9ee7087854a9c8096d827e5d">https://www.visualcapitalist.com/recognition-of-israel-and-palestine-map/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | stato partialmente recognoscite in Asia |- | [[:d:Q407199|Q407199]] | PSE | | [[File:Flag of Palestine.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q407199|Occupied Palestinian territory]]'' | [[File:Palestinian territories (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | | 8220 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30971|Q30971]] | PYF | | [[File:Flag of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of French Polynesia.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q30971|French Polynesia]]'' | [[File:French Polynesia on the globe (French Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | FR-PF | ''[[:d:Q130800|Papeete]]'' | 4167 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q846|Q846]] | QAT | QAT | [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Qatar-2022.svg|center|48px]] | [[Qatar]] | [[File:QAT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Doha]] | 11437 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q189898|emirato]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q17070|Q17070]] | REU | | [[File:Proposed flag of Réunion (VAR).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries Réunion.svg|center|48px]] | [[Reunion]] | [[File:Département 974 in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-974 | ''[[:d:Q47045|Saint-Denis]]'' | 2512 kilometro quadrate | [[Regiones de Francia|region de Francia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q202216|departimento de ultramar de Francia]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q218|Q218]] | ROU | ROU | [[File:Flag of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Romania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Romania]] | [[File:Romania on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bucarest]] | 238397 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_540e176c09c27df8a6aaad20084302c1382c7ec4e715c970e1db69993d860bbc">http://www.ziare.com/stiri/eveniment/romania-si-a-marit-suprafata-la-238-397-kilometri-patrati-1470103</ref><ref name="ref_7470a15f5c308b39110d7bcaa354d77ec90926aff1f81c8c3758c255095f32e4">http://www.gandul.info/stiri/acesta-este-noul-teritoriu-al-romaniei-16481528</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179671|nation state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q159|Q159]] | RUS | RUS | [[File:Flag of Russia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of Arms of the Russian Federation.svg|center|48px]] | [[Russia]] | [[File:LocationRussia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Moscova]] | 17075400 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_37732cd1eab02c3a98ee9629d52854ad13f32935f90a43c8dbbe19b35ecdca91">https://www.britannica.com/facts/Russia</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_51cfe82ebe6b6b1410c83f0e5d300685a554345e61cbb37d2ecf3e5be2d6b1ad">''[[:d:Q11836865|Declaration of the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR No. 142-N of 26 December 1991]]''</ref><ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<ref name="ref_f61b0d5d011a8872156b5d698bf39e3bbdc7397313a70de6d7d097c7048b5b4c">''[[:d:Q652062|Constitution of Russia]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1037|Q1037]] | RWA | RWA | [[File:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Rwanda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Ruanda]] | [[File:LocationRwanda.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kigali]] | 26338 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_4490b87ae43e626fbfebfb40d49f2ef4e5297fad132ef9987ac30b16e91eeaaf">https://www.gov.rw/about</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[republica]] | |- | [[:d:Q851|Q851]] | SAU | KSA | [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Saudi Arabia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Arabia Saudita]] | [[File:Saudi Arabia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q3692|Riyadh]]'' | 2250000 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1df0e6a4bf2bcc4f5e58f2cb0a2d79b91b81a809eaf31edb3dab9fad198c6fa0">http://embassies.mofa.gov.sa/sites/China/AR/Guango/AboutKingdom/Pages/default.aspx</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q37024|Q37024]] | SCG<ref name="ref_a998332fc626f8b32ec1bc2e0ca26894f577cc645a6f823d717ad80c0c92bc11">https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/iso_3166-3_newsletter_i-4.pdf</ref> | SCG | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q37024|Serbia and Montenegro]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]]<ref name="ref_c6a3b452b72da2c9479e14253e301b88f2b18801653f0d5b28202a5163640194">''[[:d:Q200386|sr.wikipedia.org]]''</ref> | 102350 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1049|Q1049]] | SDN | SUD | [[File:Flag of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan]] | [[File:Sudan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Khartum]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1886068 kilometro quadrate<br/>1840687 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q1088391|rump state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1041|Q1041]] | SEN | SEN | [[File:Flag of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Senegal.svg|center|48px]] | [[Senegal]] | [[File:LocationSenegal.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dakar]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 196722 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q334|Q334]] | SGP | SGP | [[File:Flag of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Singapore.svg|center|48px]] | [[Singapur]] | [[File:Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Singapur]] | 719.1 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[Citate-stato]]<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_6736ab989f2d8e2cd451d0d2b4069c27c6ecdc3b67423cd2d1d5f73148e6cd3f">''[[:d:Q36578|Gemeinsame Normdatei]]''</ref><br/>[[citate]]<br/>''[[:d:Q2264924|port city]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1549591|citate grande]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q902814|border city]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>[[Citate global]]<br/>''[[:d:Q108178728|national capital]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35086|Q35086]] | SGS | | [[File:Flag of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35086|South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]]'' | [[File:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands in United Kingdom.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q393878|King Edward Point]]'' | 4066 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15239622|disputed territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q192184|Q192184]] | SHN | | [[File:Flag of the United Kingdom (1-2).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q192184|Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha]]'' | [[File:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q30970|Jamestown]]'' | 394 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q842829|Q842829]] | SJM | | No/unknown value<br/>[[File:Flag of Norway.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q842829|Svalbard and Jan Mayen]]'' | [[File:Svalbard and Jan Mayen in the world (W3).svg|center|48px]] | | | 61399 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q685|Q685]] | SLB | SOL | [[File:Flag of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Solomon Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[Insulas Salomon]] | [[File:Solomon Islands on the globe (Oceania centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q40921|Honiara]]'' | 28400 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1044|Q1044]] | SLE | SLE | [[File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Sierra Leone.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sierra Leone]] | [[File:Sierra Leone (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Freetown]] | 71740 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q792|Q792]] | SLV | ESA | [[File:Flag of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | [[El Salvador]] | [[File:Orthographic Map of El Salvador.svg|center|48px]] | | [[San Salvador]] | 21041 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q238|Q238]] | SMR | SMR | [[File:Flag of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of San Marino.svg|center|48px]] | [[San Marino]] | [[File:Location San Marino Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q1848|San Marino]]'' | 61.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q244381|microstate]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1045|Q1045]] | SOM | SOM | [[File:Flag of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Somalia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Somalia]] | [[File:Somalia (orthographic projection)2.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Mogadiscio|Mogadishu]]<ref name="ref_e00d7da220a8570d8c21f3e5ecb549474fb0d3ca5dfb3b5481417e5a9a7fc2d0">https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/Somalia;4169147.html</ref> | 637657 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q512187|republica federal]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q34617|Q34617]] | SPM | | [[File:Flag of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries SaintPierreetMiquelon.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q34617|Saint Pierre and Miquelon]]'' | [[File:Saint Pierre and Miquelon in France.svg|center|48px]] | FR-PM | ''[[:d:Q185678|Saint-Pierre]]'' | 242 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q403|Q403]] | SRB | SRB | [[File:Flag of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Serbia]] | [[File:Europe-Serbia (2006–2008).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]]<ref name="ref_c45902245eea33e4f11d3bf6ef345c5456cb8bec6ea3278dc70af18b81bc8d86">''[[:d:Q1287641|Constitution of Serbia]]''</ref> | 88499 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_5dc6c90aa11e33f2f250e2ba6c7c763c70b43d6fc03e0cab6516dfeefe6d4081">https://publikacije.stat.gov.rs/G2021/Pdf/G20212054.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q958|Q958]] | SSD | SSD | [[File:Flag of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Sudan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sudan del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthSudan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Juba]] | 644329 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_cc69373e9bad07d4f004a5f5aab7fe52f23ef8e4664c985f68ec563caa50d0ea">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-sudan/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1039|Q1039]] | STP | STP | [[File:Flag of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of São Tomé and Príncipe.svg|center|48px]] | [[São Tomé e Príncipe]] | [[File:Sao Tome and Principe on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[São Tomé]] | 1001 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4198907|parliamentary republic]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q158454|biosphere reserve]]''<ref name="ref_f15cce0aaf4bcc7168adeb395beefca9131e69ae44ffbb3ed154c895c8968bd8">https://www.rfi.fr/fr/environnement/20250927-l-unesco-d%C3%A9signe-26-nouvelles-r%C3%A9serves-de-biosph%C3%A8re-dont-l-%C3%AEle-de-s%C3%A3o-tom%C3%A9-et-principe</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q15180|Q15180]] | SUN | URS | [[File:Flag of the Soviet Union (1922–1923).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Soviet Union (1923–1936).svg|center|48px]] | [[Union Sovietic]] | [[File:Soviet Union on the globe (Soviet Union centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Moscova]] | 22402200 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q730|Q730]] | SUR | SUR | [[File:Flag of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Suriname.svg|center|48px]] | [[Suriname]] | [[File:SURINAME orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Paramaribo]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 163270 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q116052725|national geopolitical entity]]''<ref name="ref_0e3eb26c7c9b8a4b2ecbae349ee1191d318db6dce17d409ca5c2c1a31aedc2b9">''[[:d:Q81661634|Gazetteer]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q214|Q214]] | SVK | SVK | [[File:Flag of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovachia]] | [[File:EU-Slovakia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bratislava]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref> | 49033.720839 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_a7a4342b94af32933ebcce2cf712c39f8a59d3736f14ec754d7242dfd4f00729">''[[:d:Q125653046|Population density of Slovakia – SR-area-region-district, cities-rural [om7015rr] : Area (square meter)]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q215|Q215]] | SVN | SLO | [[File:Flag of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Slovenia]] | [[File:EU-Slovenia.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ljubljana]] | 20271 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_492e1685a33864a8ecd1ef9ca439efcffe18d8ae23067530c37b93bde4e62e2f">https://www.stat.si/StatWeb/File/DocSysFile/10033/Spremembe_povrsine_Slovenije.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q22909549|unitary parliamentary republic]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q34|Q34]] | SWE | SWE | [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Great coat of arms of Sweden.svg|center|48px]] | [[Svedia]] | [[File:Sweden on the globe (Europe centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Stockholm]] | 447425.16 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1124edc9963ca21ee5771ef0570e8118e27324d5bc4bc05d7f79c63b1f77925f">https://www.statistikdatabasen.scb.se/pxweb/sv/ssd/START__MI__MI0802/Areal2012N/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q63791824|country bordering the Baltic Sea]]''<br/>[[Monarchia constitutional]] | |- | [[:d:Q1050|Q1050]] | SWZ | SWZ | [[File:Flag of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Eswatini.svg|center|48px]] | [[Eswatini]] | [[File:Location Eswatini.png|center|48px]] | | [[Lobamba]]<br/>[[Mbabane]] | 17364 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q417175|regno]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais in Africa |- | [[:d:Q26273|Q26273]] | SXM | | [[File:Flag of Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Wapen van Sint Maarten.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sint Maarten]] | [[File:Sint Maarten on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | NL-SX<br/>SX | ''[[:d:Q30958|Philipsburg]]'' | 34 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q15304003|pais del Regno del Paises Basse]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1042|Q1042]] | SYC | SEY | [[File:Flag of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Seychelles.svg|center|48px]] | [[Seychelles]] | [[File:SYC orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Victoria (Seychelles)|Victoria]] | 459 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q858|Q858]] | SYR | SYR | [[File:Flag of Syria (2025-).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Syria (2025–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Syria]] | [[File:Syria (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Damasco]] | 185180 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18221|Q18221]] | TCA | | [[File:Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q18221|Turks and Caicos Islands]]'' | [[File:Turks and Caicos Islands in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q34205|Cockburn Town]]'' | 417 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]''<br/>[[entitate territorial administrative]] | |- | [[:d:Q657|Q657]] | TCD | CHA | [[File:Flag of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Chad.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tchad]] | [[File:TCD orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[N'Djamena]] | 1284000 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q945|Q945]] | TGO | TOG | [[File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Armoiries du Togo.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_fffc7b435c279fc8e3b1f7f88e349523ca571e2226ff624cc2995bee274222ae">https://novissi.gouv.tg/en/home-new-en/</ref> | [[Togo]] | [[File:Togo on the globe (Africa centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lomé]] | 56785 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q869|Q869]] | THA | THA | [[File:Flag of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Thailand.svg|center|48px]] | [[Thailanda]] | [[File:Thailand (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Bangkok]] | 513119.5 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1b8baf50a56047936437bf57fa007e9f7a73385d6a7341a3edadc4bec269e1a6">http://web.nso.go.th/en/census/poph/data/090913_MajorFindings_10.pdf</ref> | [[Monarchia constitutional]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q863|Q863]] | TJK | TJK | [[File:Flag of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Tajikistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tajikistan]] | [[File:Tajikistan (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dushanbe]] | 143100 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q36823|Q36823]] | TKL | | [[File:Flag of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Badge of Tokelau.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q36823|Tokelau]]'' | [[File:LocationTokelau.png|center|48px]] | | No/unknown value | 10 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q161243|territorio dependente]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1048835|political territorial entity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q874|Q874]] | TKM | TKM | [[File:Flag of Turkmenistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Turkmenistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Turkmenistan]] | [[File:Turkmenistan on the globe (Turkmenistan centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ashgabat]] | 491210 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q574|Q574]] | TLS | TLS | [[File:Flag of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of East Timor.svg|center|48px]] | [[Timor Oriental]] | [[File:Timor Leste (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q9310|Dili]]'' | 14918.72 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q678|Q678]] | TON | TGA | [[File:Flag of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tonga.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tonga]] | [[File:Tonga on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q38834|Nukuʻalofa]]'' | 748.506563 kilometro quadrate | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q918240|territorial evolution of the British Empire]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q754|Q754]] | TTO | TTO | [[File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Trinidad and Tobago (2025).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q754|Trinidad e Tobago]]'' | [[File:Trinidad and Tobago (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q39178|Port of Spain]]'' | 5128 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q948|Q948]] | TUN | TUN | [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tunisia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tunisia]] | [[File:Tunisia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tunis]]<ref name="ref_88ce9717ec72824287896e8dec4b5443f0fc722f6fbb7ede486346a09909b211">https://www.britannica.com/place/Tunisia</ref> | 163610 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_f2a564e8bc55a0e6132abb0644692ca17f2c61a6cfb59027e3d0a8b03e3a1c9b">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ts.html</ref> | [[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q43|Q43]] | TUR | TUR | [[File:Flag of Turkey.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Turchia]] | [[File:Turkey (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Ankara]]<ref name="ref_7ed18971eda0d85c91db4f5fac9a99c611d97fb8d71bd5aefd996b13a5d40bf2">''[[:d:Q237227|Brockhaus Enzyklopädie]]''</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 783562 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_908cb0b705445b32704dd008e1db18a95b528c763ffcf9456df5877bed87be08">''[[:d:Q11191|The World Factbook]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais transcontinental]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q51576574|pais mediterranee]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_9e59fb0cade2e24af05b8139af1c56c8541241a8b9a620ca0b1c15c7c4c3fc35">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/tu.html</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q339834|regional power]]''<br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q672|Q672]] | TUV | TUV | [[File:Flag of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tuvalu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tuvalu]] | [[File:Tuvalu in its region.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Funafuti]] | 25.14 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q865|Q865]] | TWN | TPE<ref name="ref_57a0ad33f5b6f27f02f92a9efa64f01b99937ab26de151c23288f5b72c3c0fb2">https://olympics.com/en/news/paris-2024-olympics-full-list-ioc-national-olympic-committee-codes</ref> | [[File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg|center|48px]] | [[Taiwan|Republica de China]] | [[File:Locator map of the ROC Taiwan.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Taipei]] | 36193 kilometro quadrate | [[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q5255892|republica democratic]]''<ref name="ref_a9f70626dc74e5b985084e8b1f64ad3ff7e0f85a25e82df819ca2f9557c85049">''[[:d:Q213099|Constitution of the Republic of China]]''</ref><ref name="ref_c1a15e1a1d9b909b4bb07e4dc4f5be3a202d16916c872c87fb7d5f3047286520">''[[:d:Q10926890|Fundamentals of National Reconstruction]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q924|Q924]] | TZA | TAN | [[File:Flag of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Tanzania.svg|center|48px]] | [[Tanzania]] | [[File:Tanzania (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Dodoma]] | 947303 kilometro quadrate | [[republica]]<ref name="ref_66afe8a0af55b4c72538a606d569b267b8291b8e859cb3431b45dfa5e7e740d0">https://thecommonwealth.org/our-member-countries/united-republic-tanzania</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1036|Q1036]] | UGA | UGA | [[File:Flag of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uganda.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uganda]] | [[File:Uganda (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kampala]] | 241038 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_96c78443365f47d6b9190ab9c0a9f169f7cc2ed3f7942acfef00afdbabc34b44">https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/special-reports/what-uganda-has-gone-through-since-1962--4787868#story</ref><br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q212|Q212]] | UKR | UKR | [[File:Flag of Ukraine.svg|center|48px]]<ref name="ref_5ed3251867e0b91b05961b69a825c79af31d20592aa1b6c6c02c084f36419866">''[[:d:Q127974|flag of Ukraine]]''</ref> | [[File:Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Pantone).svg|center|48px]] | [[Ukraina]] | [[File:Ukraine (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Kiovia|Kiev]]<ref name="ref_d7f3fbf911ccc5e0cabba1efbe3a7d2fe53e36a359a9eb710109378e62030924">''[[:d:Q4041526|Internetowa encyklopedia PWN]]''</ref> | 603550 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_639b4cacb792146ec143caffa6445dcd00277784997c2ed13ebef532a6ddd8c4">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/ukraine/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_6ffc63bfb6be52fa62e52df154cb155bb3608a135ef80e4f6f72beb583682da2">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html</ref><ref name="ref_7f356e30362b34841f34d2d2aa38ba88bf15d98584825e43e49f099d271bd872">http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-30096/Ukraine</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>[[republica]]<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q619610|social state]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4209223|stato de derecto]]''<ref name="ref_d04d8d7f5731ee4d65658b5b251738e4774f75263e16fe3f0e76820ea3f141d2">''[[:d:Q1549039|Constitution of Ukraine]]''</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q4835091|territory]]''<ref name="ref_26acfc01b6c3b5a18a274ccd29ed3d723b814fc3cbec9643244ef3238ffb54cf">''[[:d:Q1048515|political world map]]''</ref> | pais de Europa oriental |- | [[:d:Q16645|Q16645]] | UMI | | [[File:Flag of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Insulas minor peripheric del Statos Unite]] | [[File:United States Minor Outlying Island in Oceania (small islands magnified).svg|center|48px]] | US-UM | | 34.2 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q1402592|island group]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15042037|statistical territorial entity]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q77|Q77]] | URY | URU | [[File:Flag of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Uruguay.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uruguay]] | [[File:URY orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Montevideo]]<ref name="ref_3fc46b9f24a8ea483e8de2a69e4e9850b7ca55f5a20994df6ed612892cc8a304">https://www.workwithdata.com/place/uruguay</ref><ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 176215 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[stato secular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q1520223|republica constitutional]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30|Q30]] | USA<ref name="ref_4d80a9e7ddc84c2bda41cb23318f27faf6fe7628d4c9954662c5c77f43af71a8">https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:code:3166:US</ref> | USA | [[File:Flag of the United States (DDD-F-416E specifications).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Greater coat of arms of the United States.svg|center|48px]] | [[Statos Unite de America]] | [[File:United States - Location Map (2013) - USA - UNOCHA.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Washington, D.C.|Washington]] | 9826675 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_158b76717a8d3648e58dc700a173d3d72f9618fe9f4fc4c9da55926b3b0d968a">https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-constitutes-united-states-what-are-official-definitions?qt-news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_6aab621fef4b62124bd99d03b3d27640d6e75323aa147063e7d7135c8724a7f3">https://www.state.gov/independent-states-in-the-world/</ref><br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_fb44dbd8e36ba0b1337ed6b2078b4ca9e01a621aeb978bf3115574eb73965cec">https://www.britannica.com/place/United-States</ref><ref name="ref_c1dc48b76c664759133329f1e6125b7e8b014aa98e54ea77b635f7141d81ac32">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/</ref><ref name="ref_ec56b845d70b983ce9320cbf0ed603da1d146d7a3f4277abc7d8a633a8c69bed">''[[:d:Q113012671|NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition]]''</ref><ref name="ref_b6dead0d44acfe6a7b1c36ae1c0f2eb8a2a5fab45c851d9436c852977010ee7e">''[[:d:Q199897|Medical Subject Headings]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q265|Q265]] | UZB | UZB | [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Uzbekistan.svg|center|48px]] | [[Uzbekistan]] | [[File:UZB orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Tashkent]] | 448978 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q136361597|doubly landlocked country]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q237|Q237]] | VAT | | [[File:Flag of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vatican City (2023–present).svg|center|48px]] | [[Citate Vatican]] | [[File:Location of the Vatican City in Europe.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Citate Vatican]] | 0.49 kilometro quadrate | [[Citate-stato]]<br/>''[[:d:Q171441|enclave]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q98116669|religious complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q19691007|institutional complex]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q702492|area urban]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1200957|tourist destination]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10551526|confessional state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q7396640|sacerdotal state]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q127693126|successor state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q757|Q757]] | VCT | VIN | [[File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg|center|48px]] | [[Sancte Vincente e le Grenadinas]] | [[File:VCT orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q41474|Kingstown]]'' | 389 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q202686|regno del Communitate de Nationes]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q717|Q717]] | VEN | VEN | [[File:Flag of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Venezuela.svg|center|48px]] | [[Venezuela]] | [[File:VEN orthographic.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Caracas]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 912050 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_90f6a005933e51fbb611f3aa52ceea99d3816700979d4b354ae5b28dd7e68559">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/venezuela/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | pais de America del Sud |- | [[:d:Q25305|Q25305]] | VGB | IVB | [[File:Flag of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of the British Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q25305|British Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:British Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VG | ''[[:d:Q179431|Road Town]]'' | 151 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_e77c3143946f97a1b9395ae27045f559aea6cabe773e7a9b5bc9a76e45f785d3">https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/british-virgin-islands/summaries/#geography</ref> | ''[[:d:Q46395|British Overseas Territories]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11703|Q11703]] | VIR | ISV | [[File:Flag of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Seal of the United States Virgin Islands.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q11703|United States Virgin Islands]]'' | [[File:United States Virgin Islands on the globe (Americas centered).svg|center|48px]] | VI | ''[[:d:Q51681|Charlotte Amalie]]'' | 346.36 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q783733|unincorporated territory of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q462778|insular area of the United States]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1352230|territory of the United States]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q881|Q881]] | VNM | VIE | [[File:Flag of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Vietnam.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vietnam]] | [[File:Vietnam on the globe (Asia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Hanoi]]<ref name="ref_3aed807b6075b8ef155bd1119cddbbd8e302626d754fc0a3982652f6327246b2">''[[:d:Q16481310|2013 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam]]''</ref> | 331690 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q849866|communist state]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q686|Q686]] | VUT | VAN | [[File:Flag of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Vanuatu.svg|center|48px]] | [[Vanuatu]] | [[File:Vanuatu on the globe (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q37806|Port Vila]]'' | 12190 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q11815167|archipelagic state]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q35555|Q35555]] | WLF | | [[File:Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:BlasonWallisetFutuna.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q35555|Wallis and Futuna]]'' | [[File:Wallis and Futuna in France (zoomed).svg|center|48px]] | FR-WF | ''[[:d:Q31002|Mata-Utu]]'' | 274 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q719487|collectivitate de ultramar]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q683|Q683]] | WSM | SAM | [[File:Flag of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Public Seal of Samoa.svg|center|48px]] | [[Samoa]] | [[File:Samoa on the globe (small islands magnified) (Polynesia centered).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q36260|Apia]]'' | 2842 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[stato insular]]<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q1246|Q1246]] | XKS | KOS | [[File:Flag of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of the Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | [[Kosovo]] | [[File:Europe-Republic of Kosovo.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Pristina]] | 10909 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q179164|stato unitari]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q10711424|stato non recognoscite]]''<br/>[[pais]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<ref name="ref_aa458e28623f0fe17ade40df0205fb0b44f4aea39e935882d7bc0ce285236eb7">https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/kosovo/2013-04-24/kosovo-and-serbia-make-deal</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q805|Q805]] | YEM | YEM | [[File:Flag of Yemen.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yemen (2).svg|center|48px]] | [[Yemen]] | [[File:Yemen (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | ''[[:d:Q2471|Sanaa]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q131694|Aden]]'' | 455503 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q83286|Q83286]] | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Emblem of Yugoslavia (1963–1992).svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q83286|Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Yugoslavia 1956-1990.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]] | 255804 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q838261|Q838261]] | YUG | | [[File:Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (1992–2006).svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | ''[[:d:Q838261|Federal Republic of Yugoslavia]]'' | [[File:Serbia and Montenegro.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Belgrad]] | 102350 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3024240|stato preterite]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q258|Q258]] | ZAF | RSA | [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of South Africa (heraldic).svg|center|48px]] | [[Africa del Sud]] | [[File:LocationSouthAfrica.svg|center|48px]] | | [[Pretoria]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[Bloemfontein]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref><br/>[[Citate del Capo]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | 1221037 kilometro quadrate | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[pais]]<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q953|Q953]] | ZMB | ZAM | [[File:Flag of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zambia.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zambia]] | [[File:Zambia (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Lusaka]] | 752618 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_c11b0824a3f2a6707a8190c5588e3333b8214717ff23a600d9ae0410d02ff42f">http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/DYB2004/Table03.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>[[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |- | [[:d:Q954|Q954]] | ZWE | ZIM | [[File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[File:Coat of arms of Zimbabwe.svg|center|48px]] | [[Zimbabwe]] | [[File:Zimbabwe (orthographic projection).svg|center|48px]] | | [[Harare]] | 390757 kilometro quadrate<ref name="ref_1dce4a8b917510d678fa50fb5300544652cf231b551806ae27c17c359782f237">https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2147.html</ref> | [[republica]]<br/>''[[:d:Q3624078|stato soveran]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q123480|pais sin accesso al mar]]''<br/>[[pais]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} t388jlag87abrl9vm5actsbpzr0d1yc 0 40561 699932 698364 2026-09-12T23:59:04Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699932 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1941-07-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-06-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q83055|Q83055]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | ''[[:d:Q83055|Operation Barbarossa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122100|Q122100]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-25<ref name="ref_60a85a9ad331c5d50540f7ff305fdf6c0e3d0a129437f144156f397ef2d64e6d">http://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2012/11/08/valirauhan-aika</ref> | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-09-19<ref name="ref_60a85a9ad331c5d50540f7ff305fdf6c0e3d0a129437f144156f397ef2d64e6d"/> | ''[[:d:Q122100|Continuation War]]'' | [[guerra]] | |- | [[:d:Q189266|Q189266]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-07<br/>1955-01-21 | ''[[:d:Q189266|Eastern Front]]'' | ''[[:d:Q842332|war front]]''<br/>[[guerra]] | |- | [[:d:Q313442|Q313442]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-29 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-17<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q313442|Operation Silver Fox]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q327061|Q327061]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-03 | ''[[:d:Q327061|Battle of Białystok–Minsk]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q384680|Q384680]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | ''[[:d:Q384680|Battle of Hanko]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q611789|Q611789]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-29 | ''[[:d:Q611789|Defense of Brest Fortress]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q667890|Q667890]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-02 | ''[[:d:Q667890|Lviv pogroms]]'' | [[Pogrom]] | |- | [[:d:Q682399|Q682399]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-15 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-17 | ''[[:d:Q682399|Operation Battleaxe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q708213|Q708213]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30 | ''[[:d:Q708213|Battle of Brody]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q770698|Q770698]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-14 | ''[[:d:Q770698|Syria–Lebanon campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q941834|Q941834]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-12 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06 | ''[[:d:Q941834|1941 Vuelta a España]]'' | ''[[:d:Q33937|Vuelta a España]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1102584|Q1102584]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-29 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06 | ''[[:d:Q1102584|Iași pogrom]]'' | [[Pogrom]]<br/>''[[:d:Q135010|war crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1528565|Q1528565]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-27 | ''[[:d:Q1528565|Battle of Raseiniai]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2083668|Q2083668]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-28 | ''[[:d:Q2083668|German occupation of Lithuania during World War II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2310242|Q2310242]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-29 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-21 | ''[[:d:Q2310242|Operation Platinum Fox]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2563727|Q2563727]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-27 | ''[[:d:Q2563727|Bombing of Minsk in World War II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4688003|aerial bombing of a city]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2915791|Q2915791]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04 | ''[[:d:Q2915791|Liepāja Massacres]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2953425|Q2953425]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-20 | ''[[:d:Q2953425|1941 Norrländska Mästerskapet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3919386|Q3919386]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-03 | ''[[:d:Q3919386|Defense of Borisov]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4438359|Q4438359]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-23 | ''[[:d:Q4438359|Battle for Alytus]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4538839|Q4538839]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-09 | ''[[:d:Q4538839|Ярославская область в Великой Отечественной войне]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q4671621|Q4671621]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-18 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-21 | ''[[:d:Q4671621|Battle of Damascus]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4830610|Q4830610]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12 | ''[[:d:Q4830610|Axis and Soviet air operations during Operation Barbarossa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4871454|Q4871454]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-15<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-17<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q4871454|Battle of Kissoué]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871714|Q4871714]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-24 | ''[[:d:Q4871714|Battle of Merdjayoun]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q11322081|Q11322081]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-13 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q11322081|Operation Tracer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q113782315|naval operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12760414|Q12760414]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-07 | ''[[:d:Q12760414|June 1941 uprising in eastern Herzegovina]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124734|rebellion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16931765|Q16931765]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-18 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-12 | ''[[:d:Q16931765|Convoy SL 78]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17126188|Q17126188]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-28 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-07-03 | ''[[:d:Q17126188|German occupation of Minsk during World War II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18343100|Q18343100]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | ''[[:d:Q18343100|jatkosodan hyökkäysvaihe]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q29075700|Q29075700]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-14 | ''[[:d:Q29075700|Battle of Sidon]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q79478571|Q79478571]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478571|Watercolors by J. M. D. Olmsted]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478576|Q79478576]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478576|Flowers as Art - Arrangements by Museum Classes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478579|Q79478579]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-10<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478579|Paintings from "The Long Voyage Home"]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478582|Q79478582]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478582|Mural Paintings and Paintings by Candido Portinari]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478585|Q79478585]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-27<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478585|Eastman Kodak Photographs, Prize Winners of 1940]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478589|Q79478589]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-16<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478589|Camera Club Photographs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478591|Q79478591]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-16<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-29<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478591|Prints by Charles Surendorf]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478595|Q79478595]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-17<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478595|Paintings by Eleanore Bates]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478598|Q79478598]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-17<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478598|Sculpture by Zygmund Sazevich]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478603|Q79478603]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478603|Architecture Around San Francisco Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478605|Q79478605]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478605|All-American Photographic Salon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478608|Q79478608]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-27<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478608|Exhibition of 48 States Mural Designs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478611|Q79478611]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-13<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478611|Watercolors And Lithographs by B. Ullrich Prendergast]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q87406445|Q87406445]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-07 | ''[[:d:Q87406445|Gentsch Photosalon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q87406446|Q87406446]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-07 | ''[[:d:Q87406446|De Kunstenaar en de Grafiek]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q96149130|Q96149130]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30 | ''[[:d:Q96149130|Battle of Lwów]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q100342394|Q100342394]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-29<ref name="ref_30d7361782a51e43658f0b34db61911844ed6e8a75956757b65fd8940f521908">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/exh1227</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-05-10<ref name="ref_30d7361782a51e43658f0b34db61911844ed6e8a75956757b65fd8940f521908"/> | ''[[:d:Q100342394|Chineesche, Japansche en Indische kunst]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467689|Q109467689]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-08<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5">https://www.nationalmuseum.se/assets/Dokument/Utst%C3%A4llningar-1866-2017.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-01<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467689|Nyförvärv, teckningar och grafik 1940]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467690|Q109467690]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-27<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-17<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467690|Minnesutställning över Märta Måås-Fjetterström]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890638|Q110890638]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-18 | ''[[:d:Q110890638|New Acquisitions: European Paintings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890640|Q110890640]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-18 | ''[[:d:Q110890640|Sculpture and Sculptor's Drawings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890641|Q110890641]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-03 | ''[[:d:Q110890641|A History of American Movies]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890642|Q110890642]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-11 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-26 | ''[[:d:Q110890642|A History of the Modern Poster]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890643|Q110890643]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-27 | ''[[:d:Q110890643|Paul Klee]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q112685574|Q112685574]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-24 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-25 | ''[[:d:Q112685574|Raseiniai KV]]'' | ''[[:d:Q608573|KV-1]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019035|Q115019035]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-30 | ''[[:d:Q115019035|Index of American Design, New York City WPA Art Project]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046667|Q126046667]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-24<br/>1941-07-25 | ''[[:d:Q126046667|Jumada al-Thani 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q127247663|Q127247663]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-15 | ''[[:d:Q127247663|National Liberation War and Socialist Revolution]]'' | [[guerra]]<br/>''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q130282483|Q130282483]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-08-23 | ''[[:d:Q130282483|Participarea României în Campania din Est împotriva Uniunii Sovietice]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q133040520|Q133040520]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-01 | ''[[:d:Q133040520|Tentoonstelling van schilderijen der Utrechtsche School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q134053500|Q134053500]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-22<ref name="ref_19dd9ab706e94df6d71d90006d999cf5cde33c8563c3394a0342cb7ad646477e">https://data.library.amnh.org/archives-authorities/id/amnhc_2000422</ref><ref name="ref_9f35910f190005beee6517ec10b99b2582dd2b27e8ae47eeec6f021580ffc1b1">https://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstreams/a25b306b-59b2-4c58-b80e-1769d482ee8b/download</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-31<ref name="ref_19dd9ab706e94df6d71d90006d999cf5cde33c8563c3394a0342cb7ad646477e"/><ref name="ref_9f35910f190005beee6517ec10b99b2582dd2b27e8ae47eeec6f021580ffc1b1"/> | ''[[:d:Q134053500|Alberta-British Columbia Expedition 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q366301|research expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138773112|Q138773112]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-15<ref name="ref_a7ebdf0c26b36dd3a8c2dc80aa781af0592601ec5679db438bbe3d1c89ebf2d3">https://placesofpride.awm.gov.au/stories/239611/260576</ref> | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-12-09<ref name="ref_a7ebdf0c26b36dd3a8c2dc80aa781af0592601ec5679db438bbe3d1c89ebf2d3"/> | ''[[:d:Q138773112|No. 2 Bombing and Gunnery School]]'' | ''[[:d:Q78634583|military training unit]]''<ref name="ref_1c1c6f38df15fa4b843c5d7842bce24111b2750830b83ab3e99351ed65edd3c6">https://www.awm.gov.au/collection/U59494</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q140638470|Q140638470]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-06-27 | ''[[:d:Q140638470|Vilijampole pogrom]]'' | [[Pogrom]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} r371bowfk2n2i1g5tm08yyfv738dbx7 0 40562 699933 698430 2026-09-12T23:59:13Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699933 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1941-08-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-07-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q162357|Q162357]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-10 | ''[[:d:Q162357|Battle of Smolensk]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q180565|Q180565]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-15 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q180565|Дедо Иван]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11032|jornal]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q254864|Q254864]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q254864|1941–42 Allsvenskan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q327078|Q327078]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-15 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-08 | ''[[:d:Q327078|Battle of Uman]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1500631|Q1500631]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29 | ''[[:d:Q1500631|Ecuadorian–Peruvian War]]'' | [[guerra]] | |- | [[:d:Q1566835|Q1566835]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-13<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1566835|Uprising in Montenegro]]'' | ''[[:d:Q124734|rebellion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1960162|Q1960162]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-02 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-26 | ''[[:d:Q1960162|Operation München]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2026616|Q2026616]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-26 | ''[[:d:Q2026616|Battle of Grand Harbour]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4088874|Q4088874]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-13 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-30 | ''[[:d:Q4088874|Battle of Babruy (1941)]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4231750|Q4231750]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-14 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-18 | ''[[:d:Q4231750|Soltsy-Dno Offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q5176896|counter-offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4259110|Q4259110]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-11 | ''[[:d:Q4259110|Battle of Lepel]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4299200|Q4299200]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-26 | ''[[:d:Q4299200|Siege of Mahilow]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4348117|Q4348117]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-10 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-08 | ''[[:d:Q4348117|occupation de Lettonia per Germania Nazi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4499395|Q4499395]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-23 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | ''[[:d:Q4499395|The Holocaust in Latvia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q106706063|the Holocaust in one country]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17524420|aspect of history]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4637010|Q4637010]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-06 | ''[[:d:Q4637010|Denvention I]]'' | ''[[:d:Q617378|Worldcon]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4870839|Q4870839]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-09 | ''[[:d:Q4870839|Battle of Damour]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q5009282|Q5009282]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-02<ref name="ref_59e7e89acdf8f07673e0b8e374f8e158b5bbb6539a244e2f6226d1fffbaf20ae">http://live.dbpedia.org/resource/CBS_Television_Quiz</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-25<ref name="ref_333b6deb4b262764f32a0f7f217f2c545c45988a8e02619fb75e7db9e6cf33bd">http://dbpedia.org/resource/CBS_Television_Quiz</ref> | ''[[:d:Q5009282|CBS Television Quiz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15416|television program]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7245544|Q7245544]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q7245544|Pripyat swamps]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7858261|Q7858261]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-17 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-18 | ''[[:d:Q7858261|Twin Pimples raid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q476807|military raid]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q9208060|Q9208060]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-27 | ''[[:d:Q9208060|Petliura Days]]'' | [[Pogrom]] | |- | [[:d:Q10459578|Q10459578]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12 | ''[[:d:Q10459578|Uprising in Serbia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1323212|insurgency]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16301854|Q16301854]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-31 | ''[[:d:Q16301854|Battle of Zarumilla]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q16934382|Q16934382]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-01 | ''[[:d:Q16934382|Convoy OG 69]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16960323|Q16960323]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-30 | ''[[:d:Q16960323|Leningrad Strategic Defensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17362920|Wikimedia duplicated page]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19766176|Q19766176]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-10 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-08-09 | ''[[:d:Q19766176|Battle for Leningrad]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q17362920|Wikimedia duplicated page]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30007355|Q30007355]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-03-19 | ''[[:d:Q30007355|Mogilev Podolskiy Ghetto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2583015|ghetto in Nazi-occupied Europe]]''<ref name="ref_2d7e1dc45cfa44a95d5ba0e5b53c16dd2f7bd187ee96642620c02b4d9a1ba71f">''[[:d:Q28824119|The Yad Vashem Encyclopedia of the Ghettos During the Holocaust]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q30007426|Q30007426]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08 | ''[[:d:Q30007426|Panevėžys Ghetto]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2583015|ghetto in Nazi-occupied Europe]]''<ref name="ref_2d7e1dc45cfa44a95d5ba0e5b53c16dd2f7bd187ee96642620c02b4d9a1ba71f">''[[:d:Q28824119|The Yad Vashem Encyclopedia of the Ghettos During the Holocaust]]''</ref><ref name="ref_9183eab91b6d7ce3f0408f4effe03ad81d594c30244097a38a580631996acb75">''[[:d:Q6946780|Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos, 1933-1945]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q59828807|Q59828807]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-07 | data-sort-value="1972" | 1972-09-01 | ''[[:d:Q59828807|Woody Woodpecker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q113791292|animated short film series]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65921908|Q65921908]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24 | ''[[:d:Q65921908|1941/1942 Singapore Badminton Championships – men's doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65922010|Q65922010]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24 | ''[[:d:Q65922010|1941/1942 Singapore Badminton Championships – men's singles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65922099|Q65922099]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24 | ''[[:d:Q65922099|1941/1942 Singapore Badminton Championships – women's doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65922187|Q65922187]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24 | ''[[:d:Q65922187|1941/1942 Singapore Badminton Championships – women's singles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65922269|Q65922269]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24 | ''[[:d:Q65922269|1941/1942 Singapore Badminton Championships – mixed doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65922780|Q65922780]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24 | ''[[:d:Q65922780|1941/1942 Singapore Badminton Championships]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2289151|Singapore Badminton Championships]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q79478614|Q79478614]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-23 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478614|Walt Disney Cartoons]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478617|Q79478617]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478617|Sculpture by Vera Bernhard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478626|Q79478626]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-29<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478626|Artist Members of the San Francisco Art Association Exhibition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478632|Q79478632]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478632|Watercolors by Victor de Wilde]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478637|Q79478637]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-27<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478637|Watercolors and Drawings by John Stoll]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478640|Q79478640]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478640|Selections from Emanuel Walter Collection]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478645|Q79478645]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-22<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478645|Paintings by Lloyd Wulf and Hassel Smith]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478649|Q79478649]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-10<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478649|Paintings by Geneve Rixford Sargeant]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478655|Q79478655]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478655|Town Planning Maps]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q87406447|Q87406447]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q87406447|Tentoonstelling van Modelboten]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100340964|Q100340964]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-26<ref name="ref_4a5dfb694de3bb8cf42aad3cb7756ade2e285a19f2f9a1cc57fefc4b3eefe7b1">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/exh438</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-01-11<ref name="ref_4a5dfb694de3bb8cf42aad3cb7756ade2e285a19f2f9a1cc57fefc4b3eefe7b1"/> | ''[[:d:Q100340964|De Oud-Maleiers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_4a5dfb694de3bb8cf42aad3cb7756ade2e285a19f2f9a1cc57fefc4b3eefe7b1"/> | |- | [[:d:Q104632761|Q104632761]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-26 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-15 | ''[[:d:Q104632761|Nederland bouwt in baksteen, 1800-1940]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q105905820|Q105905820]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-24 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-25 | ''[[:d:Q105905820|Banski Grabovac massacre]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106881435|Q106881435]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-25 | ''[[:d:Q106881435|Einsatzkommando 3 Killings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135010|war crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890645|Q110890645]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-15 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-28 | ''[[:d:Q110890645|Abstract Painting; Shapes of Things]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890646|Q110890646]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-07 | ''[[:d:Q110890646|Masterpieces of Picasso]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890648|Q110890648]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-07 | ''[[:d:Q110890648|National Defense Poster Competition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890649|Q110890649]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-29 | ''[[:d:Q110890649|New Acquisitions: Fantastic Art, Dada, Surrealism]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890650|Q110890650]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-29 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-11 | ''[[:d:Q110890650|Preliminary Course of the Bauhaus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q114149023|Q114149023]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-12 | ''[[:d:Q114149023|Peruvian occupation of Ecuador]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q41691|demilitarized zone]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019036|Q115019036]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941 | ''[[:d:Q115019036|Prize Winners of the New York City WPA Art Project]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019038|Q115019038]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-01 | ''[[:d:Q115019038|Painting and Sculpture Allocated to City Institutions by the New York City WPA Art Project]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q122166563|Q122166563]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-27 | ''[[:d:Q122166563|1941 Nafarroako Itzulia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1942604|Vuelta a Navarra]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046668|Q126046668]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-24<br/>1941-07-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-23 | ''[[:d:Q126046668|Rajab 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q132797603|Q132797603]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-07-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-01 | ''[[:d:Q132797603|Festnahme von Ulrich Zamykal durch die Gestapo Hannover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 19pkrmz9x7nd3zc33y30e76ap7nf2oe 0 40563 699934 699426 2026-09-12T23:59:19Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699934 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1941-09-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-08-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q162284|Q162284]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-26 | ''[[:d:Q162284|Battle of Kiev]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q499839|Q499839]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-31 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-22 | ''[[:d:Q499839|1941–42 Nationalliga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q520930|Q520930]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-06 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q520930|Star-Spangled Comics]]'' | ''[[:d:Q14406742|comic book series]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q541369|Q541369]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-17 | ''[[:d:Q541369|Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q682409|Q682409]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-16 | ''[[:d:Q682409|Siege of Odesa 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q714211|Q714211]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-30 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-08 | ''[[:d:Q714211|Yelnya Offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1269440|Q1269440]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-31<ref name="ref_40d9d1b5bd64d80b6b97ddbc039a34b052d288e84dcd239d7fcc42ac056246a5">https://prensacr.info/data/5d83561d0ddacf4070844fc3</ref><ref name="ref_c6401b25e20eeb2dcf4d2573ec427f07da0415b9f483bc2edae321d6e675dd39">https://prensacr.info/data/5da9d88a0ddacf73098bebd1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_60b6052f430c6ac0faf427862f0ce378a26d14f065876987ad1658429002e144">https://prensacr.info/data/5da9f9270ddacf73098befe5</ref><ref name="ref_e8a5f178199051bbf28ad499d7e8f83b8c85ac246b83a1610744f8ce47db3264">https://prensacr.info/data/611f34da445c2c6addcd0355</ref><ref name="ref_896b284a6f57035d45fbcd96c40248a170308f63543958a68e3213e6f6857e3e">https://www.sinabi.go.cr/biblioteca%20digital/periodicos/Novedades/Novedades%201941/la-1%20de%20diciembre.pdf</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1269440|Primera División de Costa Rica 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1324220|Q1324220]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-25<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-03<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1324220|Operation Gauntlet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1406017|Q1406017]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-05 | ''[[:d:Q1406017|Soviet air strikes on Berlin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q17524420|aspect of history]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4688003|aerial bombing of a city]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2409886|Q2409886]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-18 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-02 | ''[[:d:Q2409886|1941 U.S. National Championships]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123577|US Open]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q47345468|tennis tournament edition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2992881|Q2992881]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-12 | ''[[:d:Q2992881|Conférence de l'Atlantique]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18564543|international conference]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3091179|Q3091179]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-29 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-08-11 | ''[[:d:Q3091179|executed at Mont Valérien]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12139612|list]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q15747939|execution by shooting]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3636413|Q3636413]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-21 | ''[[:d:Q3636413|Battle of Culqualber]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q3996094|Q3996094]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24 | ''[[:d:Q3996094|1941 Tour de Suisse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q83261|Tour de Suisse]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4231751|Q4231751]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-12 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-15 | ''[[:d:Q4231751|Staraya Russa counter-offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4450513|Q4450513]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-28 | ''[[:d:Q4450513|Tallinn Defensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5841688|Q5841688]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-29 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q5841688|Segundo Congreso Nacional Campesino]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q11543646|Q11543646]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-30 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946 | ''[[:d:Q11543646|Saka Medical College]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11510984|medical specialized school in Japan]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11897194|Q11897194]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-31 | data-sort-value="1958" | 1958 | ''[[:d:Q11897194|The Great Gildersleeve]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1555508|radio program]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q13475356|Q13475356]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-12 | ''[[:d:Q13475356|Conference of Placentia Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2761147|meeting]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16681155|Q16681155]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-21 | ''[[:d:Q16681155|Novgorod-Chudovskaya Defensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16934384|Q16934384]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-13 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-25 | ''[[:d:Q16934384|Convoy OG 71]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30889810|Q30889810]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-11 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-14 | ''[[:d:Q30889810|Special purpose company of the Baltic Fleet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q176799|military unit]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q43080121|Q43080121]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-30 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-12 | ''[[:d:Q43080121|Roslavl–Novozybkov Offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65303359|Q65303359]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-16 | ''[[:d:Q65303359|massacre dans le district de Srebrenica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q79478665|Q79478665]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-17<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478665|Stanley Wood Watercolors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478669|Q79478669]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478669|They Taught Themselves]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478672|Q79478672]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478672|Drawings by Henri Gaudier-Brzeska]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478677|Q79478677]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478677|Students of the California School of Fine Arts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478681|Q79478681]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478681|Paintings by Arshile Gorky]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478684|Q79478684]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-11<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-24<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478684|Paintings by Mine Okubo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478689|Q79478689]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478689|Paintings by Fernand Leger]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478692|Q79478692]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478692|Sculpture by Jan Sabre]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478696|Q79478696]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478696|Drawings by Dorr Bothwell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478699|Q79478699]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478699|Recent Museum Acquisitions: Gifts of William L. Gerstle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q110890651|Q110890651]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-15 | ''[[:d:Q110890651|Techniques of Painting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890652|Q110890652]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-08 | ''[[:d:Q110890652|Stockholm Builds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890654|Q110890654]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-12 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-25 | ''[[:d:Q110890654|American Watercolors; Lettering and Arrangements in Poster Design]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890655|Q110890655]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-26 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-15 | ''[[:d:Q110890655|Ancestral Sources of Modern Painting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046669|Q126046669]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-21<br/>1941-09-22 | ''[[:d:Q126046669|Sha'ban 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136313346|Q136313346]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-08-09 | ''[[:d:Q136313346|Operation Kosmaj]]'' | ''[[:d:Q180684|conflict]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 9dakbw6lf2orkg9om8vet6qyohcrcxe 0 40564 699935 698368 2026-09-12T23:59:24Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699935 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1941-10-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-09-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q40765|Q40765]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-27<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-29<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q40765|German Offensive Against Serbian Uprising]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135010|war crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q151290|Q151290]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20 | ''[[:d:Q151290|Battle of Moscow]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q151860|Q151860]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-08 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-01-27 | ''[[:d:Q151860|Siege of Leningrad]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]''<ref name="ref_8fb0e2684cce9fa7b19fdc630a76ddad0ea0326171712ab5274930a96b24bd7f">''[[:d:Q4088289|Siege of Leningrad in art]]''</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q207480|Q207480]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-27 | ''[[:d:Q207480|1941 Texas hurricane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2547976|North Atlantic tropical cyclone]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q319581|Q319581]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-06<br/>1941-09-08<ref name="ref_af8d7d6576d62501b927a37f7c775a88b9d344ce8095b37b9ecf683b34dc7fb6">https://www.klueser.de/story.php?id=26&battle=beowulf&language=de</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-22<br/>1941-10-21<ref name="ref_af8d7d6576d62501b927a37f7c775a88b9d344ce8095b37b9ecf683b34dc7fb6"/> | ''[[:d:Q319581|Operation Beowulf]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q834983|Q834983]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-05 | ''[[:d:Q834983|1941–42 La Liga]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1759660|Q1759660]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-08 | ''[[:d:Q1759660|Battle of Changsha]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2236679|Q2236679]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-26 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-11 | ''[[:d:Q2236679|Battle of the Sea of Azov]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2636865|Q2636865]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-24 | ''[[:d:Q2636865|1941–42 Belgian First Division]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2985550|Q2985550]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-24 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-06 | ''[[:d:Q2985550|French National Committee]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q2992880|Q2992880]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-29 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-01 | ''[[:d:Q2992880|Moscow Conference (1941)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q625994|conferentia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3223814|Q3223814]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15 | ''[[:d:Q3223814|Le Juif et la France]]'' | ''[[:d:Q464980|exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3636569|Q3636569]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-27 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-30 | ''[[:d:Q3636569|Battle of Petrikowka]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q3653845|Q3653845]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-13 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-09-04 | ''[[:d:Q3653845|1941–42 Palestine League]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4028035|Q4028035]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-26 | ''[[:d:Q4028035|1st Sinyavino Offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4157826|Q4157826]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-26 | ''[[:d:Q4157826|Demyansk Defensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4677216|Q4677216]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-27 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-28 | ''[[:d:Q4677216|Action in Tarafal Bay]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5166662|Q5166662]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-12 | ''[[:d:Q5166662|Convoy SC 42]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q6936089|Q6936089]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-14 | ''[[:d:Q6936089|Munich 1941 chess tournament]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2210277|chess tournament]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11954978|Q11954978]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-14 | ''[[:d:Q11954978|1941 Volta a Catalunya]]'' | ''[[:d:Q755125|Volta a Catalunya]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q12748965|Q12748965]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-26 | ''[[:d:Q12748965|Attack on Šabac]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q16201563|Q16201563]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-20 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-15 | ''[[:d:Q16201563|1941 Palestine Cup]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16251999|Q16251999]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-27 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944 | ''[[:d:Q16251999|Hama Rashid revolt]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6107280|revolt]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16825730|Q16825730]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-13 | ''[[:d:Q16825730|1941 Cabo San Lucas hurricane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q79602|cyclone]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q29027046|Q29027046]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-24 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-26 | ''[[:d:Q29027046|Mogilev conference]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q30900479|Q30900479]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-28 | ''[[:d:Q30900479|Prima Lega 1941-1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q79478703|Q79478703]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478703|Paintings by Karl Kasten]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478707|Q79478707]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478707|Sculpture by Paul McReynolds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478710|Q79478710]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-11<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478710|Sixty-First Annual Exhibition of the San Francisco Art Association - Oil, Tempera on Panel, Sculpture]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478716|Q79478716]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-22<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478716|Lithographs by Jennie Vennerstrom Cannon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478719|Q79478719]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-27<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478719|Mobiles by Alexander Calder, Stabiles and Jewelry]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478724|Q79478724]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-30<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478724|Sculpture by Harry Dick Ross]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q104632762|Q104632762]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-15 | ''[[:d:Q104632762|Nederlandsche grafiek van 1800 tot 1870]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106880623|Q106880623]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-29 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-30 | ''[[:d:Q106880623|Babi Yar massacre]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q135010|war crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890656|Q110890656]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-19 | ''[[:d:Q110890656|Photographs by David Octavius Hill and Robert Adamson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890657|Q110890657]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-30 | ''[[:d:Q110890657|The Wooden House in America]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890658|Q110890658]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14 | ''[[:d:Q110890658|Twenty Lithographs: Graphic Art Processes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890659|Q110890659]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-24 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-09 | ''[[:d:Q110890659|Organic Design in Home Furnishings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890660|Q110890660]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-30 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-07-28 | ''[[:d:Q110890660|New Acquisition: Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Night]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019040|Q115019040]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-01 | ''[[:d:Q115019040|Photographs submitted in contest at The Cloisters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q123256010|Q123256010]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-01 | data-sort-value="2473" | 2473-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q123256010|15 великий индиктион]]'' | ''[[:d:Q123255889|période de 532 ans]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046670|Q126046670]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-21<br/>1941-09-22 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21 | ''[[:d:Q126046670|Ramadan 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q134598352|Q134598352]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-22 | ''[[:d:Q134598352|Überwachung des 'Judenhauses' in der Ellernstraße 16]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q134598547|Q134598547]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-09-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06 | ''[[:d:Q134598547|Überwachung des ‚Judenhauses‘ in der Lützowstraße 3, Hannover]]'' | ''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} iepxk478floevlx7v50iubaw20lqtop 0 40565 699936 698365 2026-09-12T23:59:32Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699936 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1941-11-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-10-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q154860|Q154860]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-30<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-04<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q154860|Siege of Sevastopol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q172068|Q172068]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-11 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-11-23 | ''[[:d:Q172068|World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia]]'' | [[guerra]] | |- | [[:d:Q207484|Q207484]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-13<ref name="ref_0f624b98a582f9c45c0f88b627caac71cf2d0ab6a1946f5f594ae6bf99d833b1">''[[:d:Q43269466|International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q207484|1941 Florida hurricane]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2547976|North Atlantic tropical cyclone]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q554976|Q554976]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18 | ''[[:d:Q554976|Tikhvin defensive operation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q685201|Q685201]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21 | ''[[:d:Q685201|Kragujevac massacre]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q697658|Q697658]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-24 | ''[[:d:Q697658|First Battle of Kharkov]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q700937|Q700937]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-04 | ''[[:d:Q700937|Crimean Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q742549|Q742549]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-28 | ''[[:d:Q742549|1941–42 Coppa Italia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q910671|Q910671]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q910671|1941–42 Serie A]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1363326|Q1363326]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-12 | ''[[:d:Q1363326|1941–42 Serie B]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2347743|Q2347743]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q2347743|1941 Croatian First League]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4029854|Q4029854]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-28 | ''[[:d:Q4029854|2nd Sinyavino Offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4316884|Q4316884]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-24 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-08-23 | ''[[:d:Q4316884|German occupation of Kharkiv]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4329638|Q4329638]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-12 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-17 | ''[[:d:Q4329638|Defense of Kalinin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4332535|Q4332535]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-17 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | ''[[:d:Q4332535|Kalinine sous l'occupation allemande]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4443810|Q4443810]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-08 | ''[[:d:Q4443810|Streltynsky Troopers]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4443812|Q4443812]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-10 | ''[[:d:Q4443812|Strelna-Peterhof Offensive Operation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4870136|Q4870136]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | ''[[:d:Q4870136|Battle at Borodino Field]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4870577|Q4870577]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-02 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21 | ''[[:d:Q4870577|Battle of Bryansk]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q5166663|Q5166663]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-18 | ''[[:d:Q5166663|Convoy SC 48]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5723143|Q5723143]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-22 | ''[[:d:Q5723143|Battle of Vóljov]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q12170545|Q12170545]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-08 | ''[[:d:Q12170545|Montenegrin tragedy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q750215|mass murder]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24935992|Q24935992]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-23 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | ''[[:d:Q24935992|Evacuación de Hanko]]'' | ''[[:d:Q606332|evacuation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1190554|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27998934|Q27998934]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-13 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-24 | ''[[:d:Q27998934|Siege of Rogatica]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q31083490|Q31083490]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-09 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-31 | ''[[:d:Q31083490|Siege of Kraljevo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q52153713|Q52153713]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-15<ref name="ref_def278e6adbe61ab229d1a4da1bbc38a5c6dc99931c15c88fdeed9d4ee548214">https://research.annefrank.org/nl/gebeurtenissen/29a57583-5617-4185-8ee0-9c51c193ef60/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06 | ''[[:d:Q52153713|klas 1L2 Joods Lyceum]]'' | ''[[:d:Q18204|class]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q63823954|Q63823954]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-09<ref name="ref_3387f0bf2a78bab1483530f9c73a9b5396880b0cddb42ea995f76dacc996d87e">https://www.omroepgelderland.nl/nieuws/2144447/Eerste-Jodenrazzia-in-Gelderland-70-mannen-afgevoerd-naar-Mauthausen</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-11<ref name="ref_3387f0bf2a78bab1483530f9c73a9b5396880b0cddb42ea995f76dacc996d87e"/> | ''[[:d:Q63823954|Transport van Arnhem naar Mauthausen op 9 oktober 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76355107|Q76355107]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-16<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76355107|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 15.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76355111|Q76355111]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-16<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_9d26a36861cd78890261735edbc717bca2ca3658e0e6dcf89560722d60dae539"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-17<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76355111|Prag to Litzmannstadt Ghetto transport]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356271|Q76356271]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-18<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356271|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 18.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356275|Q76356275]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356275|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 19.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356280|Q76356280]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356280|Transport von Frankfurt am Main nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 20.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356283|Q76356283]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_9d26a36861cd78890261735edbc717bca2ca3658e0e6dcf89560722d60dae539"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-22<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356283|Holocaust transport from Prague to Litzmannstadt Ghetto October 21 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356287|Q76356287]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-22<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356287|Transport von Köln nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 22.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356290|Q76356290]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-24<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356290|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 23.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356293|Q76356293]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-24<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356293|Transport from Berlin to the Litzmannstadt Ghetto on October 24, 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356296|Q76356296]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356296|Transport von Hamburg nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 25.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356300|Q76356300]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_9d26a36861cd78890261735edbc717bca2ca3658e0e6dcf89560722d60dae539">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-protektoratu-cechy-a-morava-ktere-nesmerovaly-do-terezina/</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356300|Transport C]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356305|Q76356305]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356305|Transport von Düsseldorf nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 27.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356309|Q76356309]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-29<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356309|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 28.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356315|Q76356315]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><br/>1941-10-29<ref name="ref_55a2718ce40a51554a1d8a2041a68ffc6920f67a8e3002c6db852b0e4828966a">''[[:d:Q156591|Yad Vashem]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356315|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 27.10.1941 oder 29.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356320|Q76356320]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-31<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356320|Transport von Köln nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 30.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356324|Q76356324]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-31<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_9d26a36861cd78890261735edbc717bca2ca3658e0e6dcf89560722d60dae539"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-01<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356324|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 31.10.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478727|Q79478727]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478727|Paintings by Loren MacIver]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478732|Q79478732]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478732|Pastels by Geneve Rixford Sargeant]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478736|Q79478736]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478736|Paintings by Barbara Stevenson]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478742|Q79478742]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478742|The California School of Fine Arts Alumni Association Exhibition - Painting, Sculpture, Decorative Arts, Commercial Art and Illustration and Graphic Arts]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478744|Q79478744]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-10<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478744|Master Paintings from Bay Region Collections]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478750|Q79478750]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478750|Paintings of the Gold Rush]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478753|Q79478753]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478753|Gouaches by Mine Okubo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478760|Q79478760]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-16<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478760|American Sculpture Today]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478764|Q79478764]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478764|Sculpture by Mary Erckenbrack]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478767|Q79478767]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-23<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478767|Illustrations by Fred Ludekens for "Ghost Town"]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478771|Q79478771]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478771|Artists of the Upper Mississippi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478774|Q79478774]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-29<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-16<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478774|First Annual West of the Rockies Photographic Salon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q85750587|Q85750587]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-31 | data-sort-value="1953" | 1953-11 | ''[[:d:Q85750587|Captain Marvel Adventures]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7093850|ongoing series]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q90421942|Q90421942]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-07 | ''[[:d:Q90421942|Battle of Mtsensk]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q109467691|Q109467691]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-30<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5">https://www.nationalmuseum.se/assets/Dokument/Utst%C3%A4llningar-1866-2017.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467691|Ellen och John Josephsons donation]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890661|Q110890661]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-02 | ''[[:d:Q110890661|George Grosz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890662|Q110890662]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-01 | ''[[:d:Q110890662|Buckminster Fuller's Dymaxion Deployment Unit]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890663|Q110890663]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-14 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-27 | ''[[:d:Q110890663|What is Modern Architecture: Tricks in Movie Making]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890664|Q110890664]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-04-30 | ''[[:d:Q110890664|Modern Primitives: Artists of the People]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890665|Q110890665]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | ''[[:d:Q110890665|Isadora Duncan: Drawings, Photographs, Memorabilia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890666|Q110890666]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q110890666|Image of Freedom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019041|Q115019041]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-02 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-06-05 | ''[[:d:Q115019041|Art of Australia, 1788–1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019043|Q115019043]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-09 | ''[[:d:Q115019043|A Special Loan Exhibition of Contemporary American Water Colors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046672|Q126046672]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-19<br/>1941-11-20 | ''[[:d:Q126046672|Shawwal 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q133041089|Q133041089]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-19 | ''[[:d:Q133041089|Indische kunst]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137259250|Q137259250]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-02 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-10-06 | ''[[:d:Q137259250|Battle of Pavlograd]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 0nkcyr3cge7tsy3dxtm147e12zbql2x 0 40566 699937 698366 2026-09-12T23:59:43Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699937 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1941-12-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-11-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q169436|Q169436]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-17 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | ''[[:d:Q169436|Battle of Rostov]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q327085|Q327085]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-30<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q327085|Operation Crusader]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q820902|Q820902]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-02 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-01-14 | ''[[:d:Q820902|Oranienbaum Bridgehead]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q575759|war memorial]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1657889|Q1657889]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-30 | ''[[:d:Q1657889|Tikhvin offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1970141|Q1970141]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-13<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-27<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1970141|Battle of Gondar]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2350607|Q2350607]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | ''[[:d:Q2350607|Rumbula massacre]]'' | ''[[:d:Q750215|mass murder]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2737158|Q2737158]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18 | ''[[:d:Q2737158|Operation Flipper]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2949902|Q2949902]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-09<ref name="ref_1ae7ffe9529fc74653ead2dccb79a075ec42a72118668843790c02cd85fd316d">http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&c=1&f=4516&p=4#page/1/mode/1up</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-22<ref name="ref_0993a2f83303289cfe9870ab09fb4def4eaea282c0f871c9292bc3e762a5c393">http://dlib.coninet.it/bookreader.php?&c=1&f=4629&p=4#page/4/mode/1up</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2949902|championnat d'Italie de rugby à XV 1941-1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q108858827|season of the Italian 1st division rugby union championship]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5223224|Q5223224]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-19 | ''[[:d:Q5223224|Dark Fantasy]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3511312|radio drama series]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7207923|Q7207923]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-29<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-01<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q7207923|Point 175]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q20107003|Q20107003]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-29 | data-sort-value="1996" | 1996-12 | ''[[:d:Q20107003|La Voz del Penedès]]'' | ''[[:d:Q41298|revista]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q75838322|Q75838322]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-20<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-24 | ''[[:d:Q75838322|Erster Deportationszug mit 999 als Juden verfolgten und gefangenen Personen aus München am 20. November 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_563f1defdc4973e875de96ac1d2978646b99e89e786c26eebb1249810510159a">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronology/viewGermanReich.xhtml</ref><ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356332|Q76356332]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-02<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-03<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356332|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Litzmannstadt am 02.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356335|Q76356335]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-03<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_9d26a36861cd78890261735edbc717bca2ca3658e0e6dcf89560722d60dae539">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-protektoratu-cechy-a-morava-ktere-nesmerovaly-do-terezina/</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-04<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356335|Transport E]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356338|Q76356338]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-08<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356338|Transport von Hamburg nach Ghetto Minsk am 08.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356344|Q76356344]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-10<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356344|Train Da 52 from Duesseldorf,Düsseldorf (Düsseldorf),Rhine Province,Germany to Minsk,Ghetto,Belorussia (USSR)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356348|Q76356348]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-17<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356348|Transport von Frankfurt am Main nach Ghetto Minsk am 11.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356351|Q76356351]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-14<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356351|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Minsk am 14.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356354|Q76356354]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-17<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-21<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356354|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Kauen am 17.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356360|Q76356360]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-22<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356360|Transport von Frankfurt am Main nach Ghetto Kauen am 22.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356364|Q76356364]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356364|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Kauen am 23.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356366|Q76356366]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356366|Transport von Breslau nach Ghetto Kauen am 25.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356370|Q76356370]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356370|Holocaust train Da 31]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356374|Q76356374]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-29<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356374|Transport von Nürnberg nach Ghetto Riga am 29.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356378|Q76356378]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356378|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Minsk am 28.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q77338413|Q77338413]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_462bc9ecc873e8de6904fffa08201247442602d6cc275e80e22963c82b1b7d47"/> | data-sort-value="1961" | 1961-11-30<ref name="ref_462bc9ecc873e8de6904fffa08201247442602d6cc275e80e22963c82b1b7d47"/> | ''[[:d:Q77338413|Sophy L. Elliott Fonds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3052382|fonds]]''<ref name="ref_462bc9ecc873e8de6904fffa08201247442602d6cc275e80e22963c82b1b7d47">https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/sophy-l-elliott-fonds</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q9388534|archival collection]]''<ref name="ref_462bc9ecc873e8de6904fffa08201247442602d6cc275e80e22963c82b1b7d47"/> | |- | [[:d:Q77338607|Q77338607]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_584a389e680805b630b1a230cee1902b9d6d54ebe76f16580489c2814612f694"/> | data-sort-value="1982" | 1982-11-30<ref name="ref_584a389e680805b630b1a230cee1902b9d6d54ebe76f16580489c2814612f694"/> | ''[[:d:Q77338607|Donald Louis Mordell Fonds]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3052382|fonds]]''<ref name="ref_584a389e680805b630b1a230cee1902b9d6d54ebe76f16580489c2814612f694">https://archivalcollections.library.mcgill.ca/index.php/donald-louis-mordell-fonds</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q9388534|archival collection]]''<ref name="ref_584a389e680805b630b1a230cee1902b9d6d54ebe76f16580489c2814612f694"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478781|Q79478781]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2024-03-15 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-16<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478781|Paintings and Prints by Marion Holden Pope]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478786|Q79478786]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478786|16th Annual Exhibition of the San Francisco Society of Women Artists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478790|Q79478790]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-17<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478790|Drawings and Prints by John Stoll]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478795|Q79478795]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478795|California Watercolor Society 21st Annual Exhibition: San Francisco Showing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478799|Q79478799]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478799|Drawings and Sculpture by Misha Dolnicoff]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478801|Q79478801]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478801|Junior League Portrait Exhibition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478804|Q79478804]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478804|A World at War (News Photographs)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478807|Q79478807]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478807|San Francisco Bay Council of Camera Clubs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q98766757|Q98766757]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-18<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-21<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q98766757|Transport von Hamburg nach Ghetto Minsk am 18.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q99755943|Q99755943]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-24 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-24<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99755943|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 24.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99756098|Q99756098]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99756098|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 30.11.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q108992862|Q108992862]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-12<ref name="ref_00c7c611b3603065f4397f6f6356abaf6c6750e078eb7ea94002d58fee6c3ba6">''[[:d:Q109049734|Journals of the House of Commons Volume 197]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-11-10<ref name="ref_00c7c611b3603065f4397f6f6356abaf6c6750e078eb7ea94002d58fee6c3ba6">''[[:d:Q109049734|Journals of the House of Commons Volume 197]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q108992862|7th session of the 37th Parliament of the United Kingdom]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1812889|legislative session]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467692|Q109467692]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-21<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5">https://www.nationalmuseum.se/assets/Dokument/Utst%C3%A4llningar-1866-2017.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467692|Falsk och äkta konst]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467693|Q109467693]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-22<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467693|Albert Engström - Minnesutställning]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890667|Q110890667]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q110890667|Children of England Paint]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890668|Q110890668]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | ''[[:d:Q110890668|Joan Miró]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890669|Q110890669]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | ''[[:d:Q110890669|Salvador Dalí]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890670|Q110890670]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890670|Architecture of Eric Mendelsohn, 1914–1940]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046673|Q126046673]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-19<br/>1941-11-20 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19 | ''[[:d:Q126046673|Dhu al-Qi'dah 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q134996394|Q134996394]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07 | ''[[:d:Q134996394|Women US Championship 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3654501|U.S. Women's Chess Championship]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136760284|Q136760284]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q136760284|1941–42 National Basketball League (United States) season]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137169573|Q137169573]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-11-11 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | ''[[:d:Q137169573|Battle of Nikitovka]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |} {{Wikidata list end}} iffshege8shbf1ecorbp5ydxfmwosol 0 40567 699938 698685 2026-09-12T23:59:46Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699938 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1941-12-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q184425|Q184425]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_106d3950064ed5a0de19d2d4579b559ab529d1e9b9ddb4ec43bb893c8e98563b">https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/artifact/sj-res-116-declaration-war-japan-december-8-1941</ref><ref name="ref_9b4a7e1a178aa857f5336f92261ac242634bf9118836e49341697552fd4ae843">''[[:d:Q455|Encyclopædia Britannica]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02<ref name="ref_bb991413d2b16365ef1e33cbdd744e118fec80f994ba6c186f0e51ff57c84df3">''[[:d:Q5375741|Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q184425|Pacific War]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q339159|Q339159]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-01 | ''[[:d:Q339159|Battle of Borneo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q524272|Q524272]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-09 | ''[[:d:Q524272|South-East Asian theater of World War II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q631382|Q631382]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | ''[[:d:Q631382|Arcadia Conference]]'' | ''[[:d:Q625994|conferentia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q685181|Q685181]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05 | ''[[:d:Q685181|Japanese conquest of Burma]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q696462|Q696462]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref><br/>1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-08<br/>1942-05-10<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q696462|Philippines Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q696664|Q696664]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-31 | ''[[:d:Q696664|Malayan campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q697059|Q697059]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q697059|Battle of Hong Kong]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q698226|Q698226]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-09<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q698226|Dutch East Indies campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q699897|Q699897]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q699897|Battle of Guam]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q701967|Q701967]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-30 | ''[[:d:Q701967|Japanese occupation of Hong Kong]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2577883|occupied territory]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q713006|Q713006]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06 | ''[[:d:Q713006|Battle of Corregidor]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1141380|Q1141380]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-23 | ''[[:d:Q1141380|Battle of Wake Island]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1280169|Q1280169]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09 | ''[[:d:Q1280169|Battle of Prachuap Khiri Khan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1455285|Q1455285]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q1455285|1941 French Open Badminton Championships]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1455275|French Open Badminton Championships]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1567696|Q1567696]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09 | ''[[:d:Q1567696|Operation Mihailovic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1739723|Q1739723]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26<ref name="ref_8b861c7cf0ca418004a531ea2be66b74cc54ae2bdecebd8c1bf54ce6481bf10e">https://books.google.de/books?id=KFCqBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA411</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02<ref name="ref_8b861c7cf0ca418004a531ea2be66b74cc54ae2bdecebd8c1bf54ce6481bf10e"/> | ''[[:d:Q1739723|Kerch-Feodosia Landing Operation]]'' | [[Battalia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2310240|Q2310240]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-27<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2310240|Operation Anklet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q476807|military raid]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2632857|Q2632857]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2632857|American Theater]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3636347|Q3636347]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07 | ''[[:d:Q3636347|Second Battle of Bir el Gubi]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q3689898|Q3689898]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-23 | ''[[:d:Q3689898|Convoy HG 76]]'' | ''[[:d:Q370330|convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4174742|Q4174742]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | ''[[:d:Q4174742|Yelets Operation]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871165|Q4871165]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q4871165|Battle of Gurun]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871343|Q4871343]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q4871343|Battle of Jitra]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871375|Q4871375]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02 | ''[[:d:Q4871375|Battle of Kampar]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q5975578|Q5975578]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13 | ''[[:d:Q5975578|Niihau Incident]]'' | ''[[:d:Q876274|naval warfare]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7493863|Q7493863]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-24<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q7493863|Shelling of Johnston and Palmyra]]'' | ''[[:d:Q678146|bombardment]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q8026204|Q8026204]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-07 | ''[[:d:Q8026204|Winter Campaign of 1941–1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11232344|Q11232344]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-26 | ''[[:d:Q11232344|daihon'ei happyō]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1962634|news broadcasting]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q6158963|propaganda in Japan during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q11798583|Q11798583]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | ''[[:d:Q11798583|Battle of Moscow Soviet counter-offensive]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q12293731|Q12293731]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-10-28 | ''[[:d:Q12293731|Symbolic War]]'' | [[guerra]] | |- | [[:d:Q12296445|Q12296445]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945<br/>1946-03-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q12296445|Asiatic-Pacific Theater]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16926867|Q16926867]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-08 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-11 | ''[[:d:Q16926867|Operation Krohcol]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16935073|Q16935073]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q16935073|Japanese Invasion of Davao]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q24004363|Q24004363]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | ''[[:d:Q24004363|Jelets offensief]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607233|Q27607233]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607233|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – men's singles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607343|Q27607343]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607343|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – women's singles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607455|Q27607455]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607455|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – men's doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607566|Q27607566]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607566|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – women's doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q27607687|Q27607687]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | ''[[:d:Q27607687|1941 French Open Badminton Championships – mixed doubles]]'' | ''[[:d:Q57733494|badminton event]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q28172091|Q28172091]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | ''[[:d:Q28172091|Klin-Solnechnogorsk-offensief]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356381|Q76356381]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356381|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 03.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356385|Q76356385]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356385|Transport von Hamburg nach Ghetto Riga am 06.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356389|Q76356389]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356389|Transport von Köln nach Ghetto Riga am 07.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356393|Q76356393]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-12<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356393|Transport von Kassel nach Ghetto Riga am 09.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356399|Q76356399]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356399|Transport von Düsseldorf nach Ghetto Riga am 11.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356403|Q76356403]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_dd0c981d353689fa436c1c9e9a2c9d3b12253bb8a9ac68cfc541e5593d994fa3">''[[:d:Q61927352|Deportation Database]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-18<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_2089ab0e38fe502d4a0ca44a56342c1e550fdf62575ff51d1281229e7293c0dd">''[[:d:Q62019692|Abgeschoben in den Tod]]''</ref><ref name="ref_dd0c981d353689fa436c1c9e9a2c9d3b12253bb8a9ac68cfc541e5593d994fa3">''[[:d:Q61927352|Deportation Database]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356403|Transport from Hanover to Riga on December 15th 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><br/>''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76420285|Q76420285]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q76420285|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 04.12.1941 (Stab)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q79478819|Q79478819]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478819|Watercolors by George Post]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478822|Q79478822]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478822|Holiday Decorations]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478826|Q79478826]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478826|Albert M. Bender Memorial Exhibitions Including Fine Books Lent by the Roxburghe Club of San Francisco]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478829|Q79478829]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478829|Oil Paintings by Pauline Ivancovich]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478835|Q79478835]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478835|Children's Annual Exhibition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q87406448|Q87406448]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-01 | ''[[:d:Q87406448|Algemene Tentoonstelling van Kunst-Foto's - Algemeeen Kunstphoto-salon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q97381370|Q97381370]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-22 | ''[[:d:Q97381370|Візит Ентоні Ідена до Москви]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11430552|diplomatic visit]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99756347|Q99756347]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99756347|Transport from Brünn to Ghetto Theresienstadt on 02 DEC1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99849411|Q99849411]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-04<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99849411|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 04.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99849573|Q99849573]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99849573|Transport von Brünn nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 05.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99850209|Q99850209]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | ''[[:d:Q99850209|Transport von Koło in das Vernichtungslager Kulmhof am 05.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99850636|Q99850636]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99850636|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 10.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99851528|Q99851528]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-16 | ''[[:d:Q99851528|Transport von Münster nach Ghetto Riga am 13.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q99884641|Q99884641]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99884641|Transport from Prague to Theresienstadt Ghetto, December 14, 1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99884673|Q99884673]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-17 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-17<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q99884673|Transport von Prag nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 17.12.1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100340971|Q100340971]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-13<ref name="ref_ee716b0e747a2b1a8d1994f6b529c6ee4937c235a22dca9c34fe67edcb3ee8b2">https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11840/exh442</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-20<ref name="ref_ee716b0e747a2b1a8d1994f6b529c6ee4937c235a22dca9c34fe67edcb3ee8b2"/> | ''[[:d:Q100340971|Rijst-tentoonstelling]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_ee716b0e747a2b1a8d1994f6b529c6ee4937c235a22dca9c34fe67edcb3ee8b2"/> | |- | [[:d:Q104632763|Q104632763]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q104632763|19de eeuwsche schilderijen en aquarellen uit de verzameling H. Nijgh]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104632764|Q104632764]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-22 | ''[[:d:Q104632764|Nederlandsche grafiek van 1870 tot 1940]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110382445|Q110382445]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-25 | ''[[:d:Q110382445|第79回帝国議会]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1812889|legislative session]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890671|Q110890671]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890671|Useful Objects Under $10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890672|Q110890672]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-02 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890672|Silk Screen Prints Under $10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890673|Q110890673]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890673|American Photographs at $10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890674|Q110890674]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07 | ''[[:d:Q110890674|Introduction to Modern Painting: Modern Posters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890676|Q110890676]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | ''[[:d:Q110890676|Pictures for Children]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111976795|Q111976795]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111976795|American Theater Anti-submarine Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111976804|Q111976804]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-11-08<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111976804|European-African-Middle Eastern Theater]]'' | ''[[:d:Q718893|theater of war]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977194|Q111977194]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-05-11<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977194|European-African-Middle Eastern Theater Air Combat Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977313|Q111977313]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977313|European-African-Middle Eastern Theater Antisubmarine Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977484|Q111977484]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-12-06<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977484|Central Pacific Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977511|Q111977511]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-07<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977511|Burma Campaign 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116147940|Q116147940]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-25 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-28 | ''[[:d:Q116147940|Christmas Battle]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q119625147|Q119625147]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-19 | ''[[:d:Q119625147|Battle of the Kerch Peninsula]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q123308271|Q123308271]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-09 | data-sort-value="1944" | 1944-06-09 | ''[[:d:Q123308271|Position War phase of the Continuation War]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11514315|historical period]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q241059|trench warfare]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046674|Q126046674]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<br/>1942-01-17 | ''[[:d:Q126046674|Dhu al-Hijjah 1360 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q137718091|Q137718091]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-03 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-19 | ''[[:d:Q137718091|Merlika-Kruja Government]]'' | [[governamento]] | |- | [[:d:Q139570741|Q139570741]] | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-05 | data-sort-value="1941" | 1941-12-14 | ''[[:d:Q139570741|Battle of Chazepetovka]]'' | ''[[:d:Q180684|conflict]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 9bxivhjw04k9nnuyor0pzcettaybjov 0 40568 699939 699791 2026-09-12T23:59:49Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699939 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-02-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-01-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q161033|Q161033]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-25 | ''[[:d:Q161033|Demyansk Pocket]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1569578|encirclement]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q261776|Q261776]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-03-21 | ''[[:d:Q261776|Battles of Rzhev]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q305133|Q305133]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-05 | ''[[:d:Q305133|Kholm Pocket]]'' | [[Battalia]]<br/>''[[:d:Q188055|siege]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q478315|Q478315]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30 | ''[[:d:Q478315|Battle of Lyuban]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>[[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q558137|Q558137]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q558137|Operation Southeast Croatia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q569454|Q569454]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-31 | ''[[:d:Q569454|Second Happy Time]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q610048|Q610048]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q610048|Battle of Balikpapan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q651977|Q651977]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q651977|1941–42 Primeira Divisão]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q703482|Q703482]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09 | ''[[:d:Q703482|Battle of Bataan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q907163|Q907163]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942 | ''[[:d:Q907163|1942 South American Championship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1572785|Q1572785]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1572785|Battle of Rabaul]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1759161|Q1759161]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1759161|Solomon Islands Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2034438|Q2034438]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20 | ''[[:d:Q2034438|Rzhev-Vyazma offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2165376|Q2165376]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2165376|Battle of Tarakan]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2276692|Q2276692]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-08 | ''[[:d:Q2276692|New Guinea campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2369529|Q2369529]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-03 | ''[[:d:Q2369529|Jewish Labour Camp]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q2392991|Q2392991]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-03<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2392991|Battle of Ambon]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2398940|Q2398940]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | ''[[:d:Q2398940|Technician Fifth Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2587905|Q2587905]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2587905|Battle of Manado]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2889419|Q2889419]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | ''[[:d:Q2889419|Battle of Muar]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4287557|Q4287557]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | ''[[:d:Q4287557|Медвежьегорская наступательная операция]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4870916|Q4870916]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | ''[[:d:Q4870916|Battle of Dražgoše]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4872395|Q4872395]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08 | ''[[:d:Q4872395|Battle of Slim River]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4873065|Q4873065]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27 | ''[[:d:Q4873065|Battle off Endau]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5656259|Q5656259]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | ''[[:d:Q5656259|Lake Ilmen action]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q6018281|Q6018281]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref><br/>1942-01-17 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-07<ref name="ref_44cf491846e72826565dd5f5ed6c48f8ff6bc517888bb83043e62218b829ff6b">''[[:d:Q124566507|Taqwīm al-qurūn (Dhāt al-Salāsil, 1405h)]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q6018281|1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4146861|Hijri year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7692371|Q7692371]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | ''[[:d:Q7692371|Technician Fourth Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7692374|Q7692374]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0">https://tioh.army.mil/Catalog/HeraldryMulti.aspx?CategoryId=9168&grp=2&menu=Uniformed%20Services</ref> | data-sort-value="1948" | 1948-08-01<ref name="ref_6d29f751f1d939000dc79a1c52ca1bdd5884823da8cd53a1a34a78dab61505d0"/> | ''[[:d:Q7692374|Technician Third Grade]]'' | ''[[:d:Q5379090|enlisted rank]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q9367361|Q9367361]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q9367361|Ust-Usa uprising]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2920604|prison riot]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q124734|rebellion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15805395|Q15805395]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q15805395|Deutsche Dreiband-Meisterschaft 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15805414|German three-cushion championship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q17017712|Q17017712]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q17017712|Convoy SC 67]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18332219|Q18332219]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-30 | ''[[:d:Q18332219|Riksdagen 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q85680242|Riksdag]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q21636225|Q21636225]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12 | ''[[:d:Q21636225|Боевые действия на Керченском полуострове]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65241261|Q65241261]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942 |accessdate=2020-11-15 |archivedate=2021-10-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211019094925/http://ibtracs.unca.edu/index.php?name=YearBasin-1942 }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-12-17<ref name="ref_2150759e0e0d4e073f27b23334b9a5b01a0960b419ffa0b927bba832e19902a3"/> | ''[[:d:Q65241261|1942 Pacific typhoon season]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27491613|Pacific typhoon season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356407|Q76356407]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356407|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 09.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356410|Q76356410]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356410|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 11.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356414|Q76356414]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-16<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356414|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 13.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356419|Q76356419]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356419|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Riga am 15.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356422|Q76356422]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356422|Transport von Berlin nach Ghetto Riga am 19.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356429|Q76356429]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356429|Transport from Berlin to the Riga Ghetto on January 25, 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356432|Q76356432]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-31<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356432|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 26.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478844|Q79478844]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-02<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478844|Chicago Council of Camera Clubs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478845|Q79478845]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478845|History of the Modern Poster]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478849|Q79478849]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478849|The Artist Uses His Skill in War: Posters Designed by a Group of Bay Region Artists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478851|Q79478851]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478851|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Models: Art in Camouflage]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478854|Q79478854]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478854|William Gropper]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478858|Q79478858]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478858|Oils by William Gerstle]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478861|Q79478861]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478861|Exhibitions for Art Understanding]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478864|Q79478864]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478864|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Art of the Argentine Republic]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478867|Q79478867]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478867|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Prints of Latin America, Section I]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478872|Q79478872]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478872|Photographs of Mexico by Maude Martin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478877|Q79478877]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478877|Emmy Lou Packard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478882|Q79478882]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478882|The Artist Uses His Skill In War: Posters from U.S.S.R.]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478884|Q79478884]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478884|Oils by Werner Philipp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q87406449|Q87406449]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-02 | ''[[:d:Q87406449|Jonge Sierkunstenaars]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99885166|Q99885166]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99885166|transport from Pilsen to Ghetto Theresienstadt on January 18th 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889221|Q99889221]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | ''[[:d:Q99889221|Transport von Leipzig in das Ghetto Riga am 21.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q99889236|Q99889236]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99889236|Transport von Pilsen nach Ghetto Theresienstadt am 22.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889257|Q99889257]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q99889257|Transport von Pilsen in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q99889382|Q99889382]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-27 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-01 | ''[[:d:Q99889382|Transport von Gelsenkirchen in das Ghetto Riga am 27.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q100526795|Q100526795]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100526795|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 28.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100526955|Q100526955]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-30<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q100526955|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 30.01.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106104733|Q106104733]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-11 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-27 | ''[[:d:Q106104733|Japanische Invasion von Celebes]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106450243|Q106450243]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q106450243|Deportations from Brunswick]]'' | ''[[:d:Q379693|deportation]]''<ref name="ref_a21cd404e6d137d131e449ddf463b6aca031da9062ba1f72fc70eb4f1ab790f3">http://www.vernetztes-gedaechtnis.de/</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q6983405|Nazi crime]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q106619215|Q106619215]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-29 | ''[[:d:Q106619215|Japanese invasion of West Borneo]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890677|Q110890677]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q110890677|New Acquisitions: Latin-American Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890678|Q110890678]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-25 | ''[[:d:Q110890678|New Acquisitions: Photographs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890679|Q110890679]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09 | ''[[:d:Q110890679|Dancers in Movement: Photographs by Gjon Mili]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890681|Q110890681]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q110890681|Americans 1942: 18 Artists from 9 States]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890682|Q110890682]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-02 | ''[[:d:Q110890682|The Artists' New York]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q113573421|Q113573421]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-25 | ''[[:d:Q113573421|1942 German Balkline-45/2 Championship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q114609228|recurring sporting event edition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046678|Q126046678]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18<br/>1942-01-17 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-17<br/>1942-02-16 | ''[[:d:Q126046678|Muharram 1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q129076438|Q129076438]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-10 | ''[[:d:Q129076438|Republic of Foča]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4345889|partisan region]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q11192275|Liberated territories of Yugoslavia in World War II]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q138747844|Q138747844]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-01-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17 | ''[[:d:Q138747844|Campionat de Catalunya d'hoquei sobre patins 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} oe3as8trcddp57qnv11jneogf890omm 0 40569 699940 698425 2026-09-12T23:59:52Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699940 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-03-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-02-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q176557|Q176557]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-19 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-11-12 | ''[[:d:Q176557|Air raids on Australia, 1942–43]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2380335|airstrike]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q296754|Q296754]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q296754|Battle of Singapore]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q301300|Q301300]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-12 | ''[[:d:Q301300|Battle of Java]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q304403|Q304403]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-27 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28 | ''[[:d:Q304403|Operation Biting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q2727213|furto]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q632926|Q632926]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-09 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-10 | ''[[:d:Q632926|Battle of Kranji]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q663277|Q663277]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-28 | ''[[:d:Q663277|Invasion of Sumatra]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q716144|Q716144]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-04 | ''[[:d:Q716144|Sook Ching]]'' | ''[[:d:Q135010|war crime]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1262732|purge]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4817637|atrocity]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q936604|Q936604]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-19 | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-20 | ''[[:d:Q936604|internment of Japanese Americans]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1668049|internment]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q967623|Q967623]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-27 | ''[[:d:Q967623|Operation Prijedor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1440764|Q1440764]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-19 | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-02-10 | ''[[:d:Q1440764|Battle of Timor]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1536686|Q1536686]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-01 | ''[[:d:Q1536686|Battle of Sunda Strait]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2117492|Q2117492]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-20 | ''[[:d:Q2117492|Battle of Badung Strait]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2546643|Q2546643]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-13 | ''[[:d:Q2546643|1942 Swedish Ice Hockey Championship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2583233|Q2583233]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | ''[[:d:Q2583233|Battle of Palembang]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q3883953|Q3883953]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-11 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-12 | ''[[:d:Q3883953|Operation Donnerkeil]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4208426|Q4208426]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-14 | ''[[:d:Q4208426|Battle of Pasir Panjang]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4870587|Q4870587]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-12 | ''[[:d:Q4870587|Battle of Bukit Timah]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4872083|Q4872083]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-03<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-08-17<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q4872083|Battle of Port Moresby]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4872320|Q4872320]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-09 | ''[[:d:Q4872320|Battle of Sarimbun Beach]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q7057343|Q7057343]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-19<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q7057343|North Western Area Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15901659|Q15901659]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-21 | ''[[:d:Q15901659|Chiang Kai-shek visit to India]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2324916|state visit]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16205847|Q16205847]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-04 | ''[[:d:Q16205847|1942 Palestine Cup]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16642815|Q16642815]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-14 | ''[[:d:Q16642815|Демянская десантная операция]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q22124210|Q22124210]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945 | ''[[:d:Q22124210|Outram torture and prisoner abuse]]'' | ''[[:d:Q7245805|prisoner abuse (abus de prisonnier)]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356437|Q76356437]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-10<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356437|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Riga am 06.02.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478891|Q79478891]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-17<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478891|Exhibitions for Art Understanding: British War Posters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478895|Q79478895]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-24<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478895|Fifteen American Sculptors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478900|Q79478900]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-22<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478900|Art of Latin American Countries: Contemporary Prints of Latin America, Section II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478905|Q79478905]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-22<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478905|William Campbell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478910|Q79478910]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-10<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-10<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478910|Retrospective Exhibition of Eugene Berman]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478913|Q79478913]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-11<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478913|San Francisco Art Association Exhibition of Drawings and Prints]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478917|Q79478917]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478917|Roxburghe Printing Exhibition: 16th Century Books]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478920|Q79478920]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478920|Exhibitions for Art Understanding: Line, Drawing, and Perspective]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478925|Q79478925]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478925|Exhibitions for Art Understanding: Seated Man by Picasso]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478931|Q79478931]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-23<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478931|Alexander Nepote]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478936|Q79478936]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478936|Children's Symphony Exhibition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q100527516|Q100527516]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-07<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100527516|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 07.02.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100527696|Q100527696]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-08<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100527696|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 08.02.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100529562|Q100529562]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-12 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-12<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100529562|Transport X from Prague to the Ghetto Theresienstadt on 12/02/1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100529627|Q100529627]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-22<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100529627|Transport from Kladno to the Theresienstadt Ghetto on 22 Feb 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100529761|Q100529761]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100529761|Transport von Kladno in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.02.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100529910|Q100529910]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100529910|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.02.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055171|Q104055171]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-19<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q104055171|Transport Ez-St 04]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104632765|Q104632765]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q104632765|Het Duitsche boek van heden]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q108878050|Q108878050]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-19<ref name="ref_4a71d661f27195c57e47146aaa53bb2b788e5fb2cedae98c6355392496ec40e8">''[[:d:Q2159918|Executive Order 9066]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1946" | 1946-03-20<ref name="ref_7bcfe7424a1c85afd799b99747f60f6b4251ab1297c385265a5ae4145486e0c1">https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/anthropology74/ce3o.htm</ref><ref name="ref_e9056a703aa62cd694140ce40a8b9e298210146a6fc8a9cd1b79a2a89ff4b414">https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Tule_Lake/</ref><ref name="ref_28637afcf9c4ff12d63c017a5360ed4bb7facf74182f0e312303f2a2a75f292a">https://catalog.archives.gov/id/198243297</ref> | ''[[:d:Q108878050|Japanese American removal, 1942-1945]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1573035|domestic policy]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q837556|forced displacement]]''<ref name="ref_7c15fbde4657e31a492c6035a18de554202441b9da5a999966fd642417bf580b">https://www.congress.gov/congressional-record/2017/05/17/extensions-of-remarks-section/article/E649-1</ref> | |- | [[:d:Q110890683|Q110890683]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-10 | ''[[:d:Q110890683|U.S. Army Illustrators of Fort Custer, Michigan]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890684|Q110890684]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-05 | ''[[:d:Q110890684|New Acquisitions: American Drawings]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q114321849|Q114321849]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-07 | ''[[:d:Q114321849|Operation Caesar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019045|Q115019045]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03 | ''[[:d:Q115019045|Loan Exhibition of Percussion Colt Revolvers and Conversions 1836–1873]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019046|Q115019046]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-09 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-15 | ''[[:d:Q115019046|On the Bright Side: A Loan Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting and Sculpture]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046680|Q126046680]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-17<br/>1942-02-16 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-18<br/>1942-03-17 | ''[[:d:Q126046680|Safar 1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q130305708|Q130305708]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-02-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05 | ''[[:d:Q130305708|Chetnik coups in Bosnia]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3449092|military coup]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 0saw4thenvl145ewn70lbg9q84pfk9q 0 40570 699941 698920 2026-09-13T00:00:08Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699941 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-04-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-03-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q425954|Q425954]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-17 | ''[[:d:Q425954|South American Basketball Championship 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2454570|South American Basketball Championship]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q757871|Q757871]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-10 | ''[[:d:Q757871|Indian Ocean raid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1361210|Q1361210]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-01 | ''[[:d:Q1361210|Battle of Christmas Island]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2996456|Q2996456]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-27 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-28<ref name="ref_0fc91d8e7afdd1d8c1cb34227f020d50d552bcbf8f914b7df1f2727538372bf2">https://deportation.yadvashem.org/index.html?language=en&itemId=5092580</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2996456|Transport 1 from Drancy to Auschwitz Birkenau on 27/03/1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q3354645|Q3354645]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-06 | ''[[:d:Q3354645|Operation Bamberg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3636629|Q3636629]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-02 | ''[[:d:Q3636629|Battle of Suursaari]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4871936|Q4871936]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-23 | ''[[:d:Q4871936|Battle of Oktwin]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q4872484|Q4872484]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-19 | ''[[:d:Q4872484|Battle of Tachiao]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q5301756|Q5301756]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-11 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-21 | ''[[:d:Q5301756|Douglas MacArthur's escape from the Philippines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q12373086|escape]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q61509|travel]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5935403|Q5935403]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-29 | data-sort-value="1954" | 1954-05-17 | ''[[:d:Q5935403|Hukbalahap Rebellion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29502|proletarian revolution]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7210018|Q7210018]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09 | ''[[:d:Q7210018|evacuation of Polish people from the USSR in World War II]]'' | ''[[:d:Q606332|evacuation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q7688704|Q7688704]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08 | ''[[:d:Q7688704|Taukkyan Roadblock]]'' | ''[[:d:Q180684|conflict]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q15852167|Q15852167]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-06 | ''[[:d:Q15852167|Unternehmen Anton I]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q16822683|Q16822683]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-02 | ''[[:d:Q16822683|Battle of Prome]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q56313247|Q56313247]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-06 | ''[[:d:Q56313247|Danish Chess Championship 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3775620|Danish Chess Championship]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356442|Q76356442]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-13<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356442|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Izbica am 11.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356446|Q76356446]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-17<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-19<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356446|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Izbica am 17.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356451|Q76356451]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-22<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356451|Transport von Koblenz nach Ghetto Izbica am 22.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356458|Q76356458]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-24<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356458|Transport von Nürnberg nach Ghetto Izbica am 24.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356465|Q76356465]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | ''[[:d:Q76356465|11th transport from Berlin to Trawniki on March 28, 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478939|Q79478939]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-09<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-24 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-22<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478939|Emilie S. Weinberg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478943|Q79478943]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-10<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478943|100 Print Traveling Salon of the Photographic Society of America]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478945|Q79478945]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-26<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478945|Group from the Carnegie Institute's Directions in American Painting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478949|Q79478949]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-29<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478949|Fantastic War Machines and Guerragraphs]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478953|Q79478953]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-17<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-29<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478953|Red Cross Posters]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478956|Q79478956]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-23<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478956|Allela Cornell]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478960|Q79478960]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478960|Designs for Children]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478964|Q79478964]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478964|Richard Guy Walton]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478967|Q79478967]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478967|Three Artists from Cuba]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q80944833|Q80944833]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-26 | ''[[:d:Q80944833|Transport vom KZ Ravensbrück in das KZ Auschwitz am 23.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q83834887|Q83834887]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-07 | ''[[:d:Q83834887|Battle of Tjiater Pass]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q85761082|Q85761082]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-26 | ''[[:d:Q85761082|First mass transport of Jews to Auschwitz concentration camp]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100530480|Q100530480]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-19<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100530480|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 19.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q100530599|Q100530599]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-21<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q100530599|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 21.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q102148936|Q102148936]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-25 | ''[[:d:Q102148936|Transport von Darmstadt nach Piaski am 21.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q102149117|Q102149117]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-23<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q102149117|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 23.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q102149631|Q102149631]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q102149631|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 26.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q102151135|Q102151135]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-28<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q102151135|Transport von Prag in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 28.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q102151404|Q102151404]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-29<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q102151404|Transport von Brünn in das Ghetto Theresienstadt am 29.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q102152451|Q102152451]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q102152451|Transport Af of Jews from Brno to Terezin (March 31, 1942)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055172|Q104055172]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055172|Transport Ez-St 05]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104244970|Q104244970]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-31 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-02 | ''[[:d:Q104244970|Transport von Gelsenkirchen über Münster und Hannover nach Warschau am 31.03.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q104632766|Q104632766]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-22 | ''[[:d:Q104632766|Etsen A. Schotel]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467695|Q109467695]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-07<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-06<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467695|Ossian Elgströms målningssviter Eddan och Ragnarök]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467696|Q109467696]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-10<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-08<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467696|Spetsar - gamla och nya, utländska och svenska]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467697|Q109467697]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-21<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5">https://www.nationalmuseum.se/assets/Dokument/Utst%C3%A4llningar-1866-2017.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-19<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467697|カール・ヨハン・クロンステットのフラーロ・コレクションからの建築図面、設計図、素描]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467698|Q109467698]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-26<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467698|Finlands konst till förmån för Norges konstnärer]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890685|Q110890685]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-05 | ''[[:d:Q110890685|Photographs of the Civil War and the American Frontier]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890686|Q110890686]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-11 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-10 | ''[[:d:Q110890686|Children's Festival of Modern Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890687|Q110890687]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-25 | ''[[:d:Q110890687|Art in War: OEM Purchases from a National Competition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890688|Q110890688]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03 | ''[[:d:Q110890688|Henri Rousseau]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890689|Q110890689]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03 | ''[[:d:Q110890689|New Acquisitions and Extended Loans: Cubist and Abstract Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111943202|Q111943202]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-12 | ''[[:d:Q111943202|1942 World Professional Basketball Tournament]]'' | | |- | [[:d:Q126046681|Q126046681]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-18<br/>1942-03-17 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17<br/>1942-04-16 | ''[[:d:Q126046681|Rabi' al-Awwal 1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q133041164|Q133041164]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-12 | ''[[:d:Q133041164|Jan Voerman 1857-1941]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q133827996|Q133827996]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-03-28 | ''[[:d:Q133827996|Artists in Exile]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} k9g2ig2b6njabaqbv5etljewitarcqt 0 40571 699942 698367 2026-09-13T00:00:12Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699942 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-05-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-04-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q555797|Q555797]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17 | ''[[:d:Q555797|Bataan Death March]]'' | ''[[:d:Q326259|death march]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q560410|Q560410]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-13<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q560410|Operation Trio]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q709352|Q709352]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-18 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02 | ''[[:d:Q709352|Japan Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1888420|Q1888420]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-11-22 | ''[[:d:Q1888420|1942 Argentine Primera División]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2017584|Q2017584]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-13 | ''[[:d:Q2017584|1942 Croatian First League]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2069591|Q2069591]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-10 | data-sort-value="1984" | 1984-07-21 | ''[[:d:Q2069591|People are Funny]]'' | ''[[:d:Q15416|television program]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2072027|Q2072027]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30 | ''[[:d:Q2072027|Unternehmen Eisstoß]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2749196|Q2749196]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-21<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-22<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q2749196|Operation Abercrombie]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4219788|Q4219788]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-11 | ''[[:d:Q4219788|Кестеньгская операция]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4308094|Q4308094]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-11 | ''[[:d:Q4308094|Мурманская операция (1942)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q4868890|Q4868890]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27 | ''[[:d:Q4868890|Bath Blitz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4688003|aerial bombing of a city]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q5329907|Q5329907]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-05<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-09<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q5329907|Easter Sunday Raid]]'' | ''[[:d:Q476807|military raid]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q18354410|Q18354410]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-23 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-04 | ''[[:d:Q18354410|Exeter Blitz]]'' | ''[[:d:Q4688003|aerial bombing of a city]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q19378375|Q19378375]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-24<ref name="ref_cb295146d30b2beab41b8a1be229b4b9b57eefef2dd7707cd8a586750d318241">https://www.nasjonalmuseet.no/en/collection/exhibition/2157</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-16<ref name="ref_cb295146d30b2beab41b8a1be229b4b9b57eefef2dd7707cd8a586750d318241"/> | ''[[:d:Q19378375|Kunst og ukunst i Nasjonalgalleriet. Oppryddingen april 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q59861107|temporary art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356468|Q76356468]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-02<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-05<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356468|Transport von Berlin nach Warschau am 02.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356473|Q76356473]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-03<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356473|Transport von München nach Piaski am 03.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356478|Q76356478]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-18<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356478|Transport Ap from Terezin to Ghetto Rejowiec (April 18, 1942)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356482|Q76356482]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-22<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-24<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356482|Transport von Düsseldorf nach Ghetto Izbica am 22.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356486|Q76356486]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-23<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356486|Transport from Ghetto Theresienstadt to Piaski on 23. APRIL1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356491|Q76356491]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356491|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Warschau am 25.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356494|Q76356494]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356494|Transport von Würzburg nach Krasnystaw am 25.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356497|Q76356497]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-29<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356497|Transport von Stuttgart nach Ghetto Izbica am 26.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356500|Q76356500]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-29<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356500|Transport von Wien nach Włodawa am 27.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356503|Q76356503]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356503|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Izbica am 27.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356507|Q76356507]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-02<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356507|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Zamość am 30.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356513|Q76356513]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356513|Transport von Dortmund nach Ghetto Zamość am 30.04.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478970|Q79478970]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2024-03-14 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478970|Edward Hagedorn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478975|Q79478975]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-07<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-29<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478975|Western Living]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478979|Q79478979]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478979|Advance Guard of Advertising Artists]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478984|Q79478984]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478984|Inter-American Photographic Salon]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478988|Q79478988]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478988|Paintings by Horace Pippin]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478994|Q79478994]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-10<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478994|Sawdust and Spangles: Arts of the Circus]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478996|Q79478996]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478996|Retrospective Exhibition of Eric Mendelsohn]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79478999|Q79478999]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-16<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79478999|Rouault Prints]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479004|Q79479004]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-21<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-04<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479004|Anna Klumpke]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479009|Q79479009]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-28<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479009|American Academy in Rome Regional Competition]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q104055174|Q104055174]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-04<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055174|Transport Ah]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055175|Q104055175]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-04 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-04<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055175|Transport Ez-St 10]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055176|Q104055176]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-08 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-08<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055176|Transport Ai]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055177|Q104055177]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-16 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-16<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055177|Transport Ez-St 11]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055178|Q104055178]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-16 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-16<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055178|Transport Ez]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055179|Q104055179]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055179|Transport Akb]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055181|Q104055181]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-24 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-24<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055181|Transport Am]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055184|Q104055184]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-28 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-28<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055184|Transport Ao]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055186|Q104055186]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-29 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-29<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q104055186|Transport Ez-St 12]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467699|Q109467699]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-14<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467699|Kinesiska målningar ur museets samlingar]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467701|Q109467701]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-24<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-07<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467701|Orrefors1917–1942, 25 års verksamhet]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467702|Q109467702]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-25<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5">https://www.nationalmuseum.se/assets/Dokument/Utst%C3%A4llningar-1866-2017.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467702|Svensk Bokkonst 1941 - 25 utvalda böcker]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467703|Q109467703]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-29<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-02<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467703|Unga tecknare 5:e utställningen]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890690|Q110890690]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-15 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-10 | ''[[:d:Q110890690|Two Years of War in England: Photographs by William Vandivert]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890691|Q110890691]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-21 | ''[[:d:Q110890691|Wartime Housing]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977505|Q111977505]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-09-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977505|Japan Air Offensive]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q4698343|air offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q111977515|Q111977515]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-02<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-01-28<ref name="ref_06ad4d4df440aba45673624245af05c162e345cf8bf90665866bd10a21cef9ec">''[[:d:Q15058296|Air Force Combat Units of World War II]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q111977515|India-Burma Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019047|Q115019047]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-15 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-16 | ''[[:d:Q115019047|Art Director's Club Exhibition of Advertising Art]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q115019048|Q115019048]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-05 | ''[[:d:Q115019048|Renaissance in Fashion]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q116755751|Q116755751]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-11<ref name="ref_2f4b8161089e4d720c0c27c3b5c507b464f5b0b8b040b81a1b2112ca575d3b3d"/> | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-10-19<ref name="ref_2f4b8161089e4d720c0c27c3b5c507b464f5b0b8b040b81a1b2112ca575d3b3d"/> | ''[[:d:Q116755751|Manzanar Free Press]]'' | ''[[:d:Q11032|jornal]]''<ref name="ref_684629b478e139705481e49addab946ffbefb968e64aed83819b41062b08c124">https://newsroom.artandwriting.org/2022/11/03/from-the-archives-chiye-mori/</ref><ref name="ref_2f4b8161089e4d720c0c27c3b5c507b464f5b0b8b040b81a1b2112ca575d3b3d">https://encyclopedia.densho.org/Manzanar_Free_Press_(newspaper)/#:~:text=The%20Manzanar%20Free%20Press%20was,of%20three%20typeset%2C%20printed%20newspapers.</ref><ref name="ref_a1937fb3ba4b5c42b16b8926a731b4a634d780f74668c03feff81433772aaa5c">https://www.nps.gov/manz/learn/education/id-booklets.htm</ref><br/>''[[:d:Q106651350|biweekly newspaper]]''<ref name="ref_684629b478e139705481e49addab946ffbefb968e64aed83819b41062b08c124"/><ref name="ref_2f4b8161089e4d720c0c27c3b5c507b464f5b0b8b040b81a1b2112ca575d3b3d"/> | |- | [[:d:Q126046682|Q126046682]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-17<br/>1942-04-16 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-16 | ''[[:d:Q126046682|Rabi' al-Thani 1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q133091602|Q133091602]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-20 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-07 | ''[[:d:Q133091602|1942 South Atlantic League season]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q134879167|Q134879167]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-30 | ''[[:d:Q134879167|Women US Championship 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3654501|U.S. Women's Chess Championship]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q136439906|Q136439906]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-04-19 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-28 | ''[[:d:Q136439906|1942 California League season]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} ikuv34gu4zbr5oyww52tmho7zlx7ff7 0 40572 699943 699016 2026-09-13T00:00:19Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699943 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item WHERE { ?item wdt:P580 ?dtstart . ?item wdt:P582 ?dtend . FILTER (?dtstart < "1942-06-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) FILTER (?dtstart > "1942-05-01T00:00:00Z"^^xsd:dateTime) } |wdq= |columns=item,P580,P582,label,P31,description |sort=P580 |thumb=48 |links= |references=all }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! item ! data de initio ! data de fin ! label ! instantia de ! description |- | [[:d:Q155620|Q155620]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-12<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-29 | ''[[:d:Q155620|Second Battle of Kharkov]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q207165|Q207165]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-04<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-08<ref name="ref_7bd66a01e53712b3809adc376ee60abee77bc2385caa6eec737227f91d1d4016">''[[:d:Q23038974|Histropedia]]''</ref> | ''[[:d:Q207165|Battle of the Coral Sea]]'' | ''[[:d:Q1261499|naval battle]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q327035|Q327035]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-21 | ''[[:d:Q327035|Battle of Gazala]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q530976|Q530976]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-10 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-07-04 | ''[[:d:Q530976|1942 German football championship]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q700499|Q700499]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-06 | ''[[:d:Q700499|Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign]]'' | ''[[:d:Q831663|military campaign]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q836128|Q836128]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-11 | ''[[:d:Q836128|Battle of Bir Hakeim]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q863371|Q863371]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-11 | ''[[:d:Q863371|Biltmore Conference]]'' | ''[[:d:Q625994|conferentia]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1000594|Q1000594]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-08-08 | ''[[:d:Q1000594|1941–42 Cupa României]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1052651|Q1052651]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-11-06 | ''[[:d:Q1052651|Battle of Madagascar]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q1439207|Q1439207]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-17<ref name="ref_d3abe7ef2a915ac45b7bbd674df462ab27ac7269bcf6ebcd8bd12208d42039c3">https://prensacr.info/data/5d835f280ddacf407084569f</ref><ref name="ref_a0c98ad6d3dfddee95ca20633d4cff1fc4d9db125b554310a56840fc294f4f7c">https://prensacr.info/data/5db5bc250ddacf73d2543b29</ref><ref name="ref_fa49bcba9f230d60113291d18cdf0a44def7dea98ed68bfd89591d305400e298">https://prensacr.info/data/5daa38470ddacf73098bf7af</ref> | data-sort-value="1943" | 1943-01-31<ref name="ref_4a65758ea9dbf21ab31049926f2e2d715083e322da4dccc848379a067bc7dbe5">https://prensacr.info/data/611f4145445c2c6addcd0f7d</ref><ref name="ref_f9daba4c905a208ba30a712ac9085946f0b2a9c4dc3f200ac6cbdcf34dfc3bb1">https://prensacr.info/data/5d836cc20ddacf4070845fbb</ref> | ''[[:d:Q1439207|Primera División de Costa Rica 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q27020041|sports season]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q1984212|Q1984212]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-16 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-11-30 | ''[[:d:Q1984212|Defense of the Adzhimushkay quarry]]'' | [[Battalia]] | |- | [[:d:Q2659473|Q2659473]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-31 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-08 | ''[[:d:Q2659473|Attack on Sydney Harbour]]'' | ''[[:d:Q2001676|offensive]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q2673191|Q2673191]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-04 | ''[[:d:Q2673191|Invasion of Tulagi]]'' | ''[[:d:Q467011|invasion]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q3175954|Q3175954]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-08 | data-sort-value="1945" | 1945-07-05 | ''[[:d:Q3175954|Japanese occupation of the Philippines]]'' | ''[[:d:Q188686|military occupation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q109473326|country in World War II]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q10605678|Q10605678]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-21 | ''[[:d:Q10605678|Convoy ON 92]]'' | ''[[:d:Q131656428|military convoy]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q30888944|Q30888944]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-07 | ''[[:d:Q30888944|Evacuation of Soviet 2nd Strike Army]]'' | ''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q606332|evacuation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q57903691|Q57903691]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-05 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26 | ''[[:d:Q57903691|1942 Tour de Luxembourg]]'' | ''[[:d:Q505810|Tour de Luxembourg]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q65303340|Q65303340]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-16 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-10 | ''[[:d:Q65303340|massacre à Prijedor]]'' | ''[[:d:Q3199915|massacre]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q76356515|Q76356515]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-03<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356515|Transport von Breslau nach Ghetto Lublin am 03.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356520|Q76356520]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-08<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-09<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356520|Transport von Frankfurt am Main nach Ghetto Izbica am 08.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356524|Q76356524]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-11<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356524|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Minsk am 06.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356535|Q76356535]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-12<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356535|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Izbica am 12.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356539|Q76356539]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-18<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356539|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Izbica am 15.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356543|Q76356543]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-20<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-20<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356543|Transport von Gleiwitz nach KZ Auschwitz-Birkenau am 20.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356549|Q76356549]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-17<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-transportu-z-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-20<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356549|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Lublin am 17.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356554|Q76356554]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-24<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356554|Transport von Frankfurt am Main nach Ghetto Izbica am 24.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356558|Q76356558]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356558|Transport von Gleiwitz nach KZ Auschwitz-Birkenau am 28.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356561|Q76356561]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-25<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/><ref name="ref_f6f9068b9ee774619c1ad6596ed2df4039beae49b819774990b1750dd875195c"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-28<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356561|Transport von Ghetto Theresienstadt nach Ghetto Lublin am 25.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q76356566|Q76356566]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-27<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16">https://www.bundesarchiv.de/gedenkbuch/chronicles.html.de?page=1</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-01<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | ''[[:d:Q76356566|Transport von Wien nach Ghetto Minsk am 27.05.1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]''<ref name="ref_7b1183257f39b3dee61f7783f5c7a145857d224a4d048622238e38ea6a306c16"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479017|Q79479017]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-05<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267">{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf |accessdate=2019-12-23 |archivedate=2019-12-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206191658/https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/sfmoma-media-dev/www-media/2019/02/21105602/exhibitionslist1935_1991.pdf }}</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479017|Charles Howard]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479021|Q79479021]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-31<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479021|6th Annual Watercolor Exhibition of the San Francisco Art Association]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479026|Q79479026]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-12<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-18<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479026|Local Ceramics]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479032|Q79479032]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-15<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479032|Joe Cannon Watercolors]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479037|Q79479037]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-01<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479037|Claire Falkenstein]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479043|Q79479043]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479043|Mexican Painting]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q79479047|Q79479047]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-19<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-31<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | ''[[:d:Q79479047|San Francisco Bay Area Council of Camera Clubs: Spring Salon 1942]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_1da1b651f7c6fa668c1f665c76d63b465fda7fea3bf32310cc260bbb1ae72267"/> | |- | [[:d:Q104055188|Q104055188]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-07 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-07<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055188|Transport At]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055189|Q104055189]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-12 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-12<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055189|Transport Au]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055190|Q104055190]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-14 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-14<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055190|Transport Ez-St 13]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055191|Q104055191]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055191|Transport Au 1]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055193|Q104055193]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055193|Transport Ez-St 14]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055194|Q104055194]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-17 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-17<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055194|Transport Ez]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055196|Q104055196]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055196|Transport Av]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055197|Q104055197]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-18 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-18<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055197|Transport Ez-St 16]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055199|Q104055199]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-22<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055199|Transport Aw]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055201|Q104055201]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-22 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-22<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055201|Transport Ez-St 17]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055203|Q104055203]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-26<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055203|Transport Ez-St 18]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055204|Q104055204]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-27 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-27<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d"/> | ''[[:d:Q104055204|Transport AAa]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q104055206|Q104055206]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-30 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-30<ref name="ref_539c032e8c96e0e20e824614057698a501c100248f6a46d270a25897f322c51d">https://www.holocaust.cz/databaze-obeti/help/chronologicky-prehled-transportu/seznam-vsech-transportu-do-terezina-razeno-podle-data-odjezdu/</ref> | ''[[:d:Q104055206|Transport Ez-St 19]]'' | ''[[:d:Q61927259|Holocaust train journey]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467704|Q109467704]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-21<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5">https://www.nationalmuseum.se/assets/Dokument/Utst%C3%A4llningar-1866-2017.pdf</ref> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-10<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467704|Spansk konst ur offentliga och enskilda samlingar i Sverige]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q109467705|Q109467705]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-29<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-09-20<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/> | ''[[:d:Q109467705|Barnteckningar ”Vad skall jag bli när jag blir stor”]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]''<ref name="ref_9c6ee20ee40713c8a9dbc9569bd26a08e9f55191f15c9357073e62a8680134a5"/><br/>''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890692|Q110890692]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-06 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-16 | ''[[:d:Q110890692|Art Sale for the Armed Services]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890693|Q110890693]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-08 | ''[[:d:Q110890693|Anti-Hoarding Pictures by New York School Children]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890694|Q110890694]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-13 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-24 | ''[[:d:Q110890694|Mexican Costumes by Carlos Mérida]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890695|Q110890695]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-21 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-10-04 | ''[[:d:Q110890695|Road to Victory]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q110890696|Q110890696]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-25 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-31 | ''[[:d:Q110890696|Paintings from the Class for Members' Children]]'' | ''[[:d:Q667276|art exhibition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q1656682|evento]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q126046683|Q126046683]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-16 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-15<br/>1942-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q126046683|Jumādā al-ʾŪlā 1361 AH]]'' | ''[[:d:Q125390868|hijri month of a given year]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q131468303|Q131468303]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-15 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-16 | ''[[:d:Q131468303|Рыга (карная аперацыя)]]'' | ''[[:d:Q582956|punitive expedition]]''<br/>''[[:d:Q645883|military operation]]'' | |- | [[:d:Q133040522|Q133040522]] | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-05-09 | data-sort-value="1942" | 1942-06-14 | ''[[:d:Q133040522|150 schilderijen, aquarellen enz. uit de verzameling H. Nijgh te Rotterdam]]'' | ''[[:d:Q29023906|temporary exhibition]]'' | |} {{Wikidata list end}} 4wil4uwkjeok1cp3p4doblw3s44e2qf 0 41377 699949 696707 2026-09-13T01:18:55Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699949 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} '''Football de tabula''' es un [[joco]] de tabula que es laxemente basate in le [[football]].<ref name="BritFoos">{{cite web|url=http://www.britfoos.com/ |title=BFA – Football de tabula |publisher=Britfoos.com |date= |accessdate=27 September 2010}}</ref> ==Historia== Ben que patentes pro jocos similar existe desde le decade 1890, le joco de football de tabula como nos lo cognosce hodie era primo inventate per Harold Searles Thornton in 1922 e [[patente|patentate]] in 1923 (Patente del Regno Unite no. 205.991 application datate de 14 de octobre 1922 e acceptate in 1 de novembre de 1923).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://v3.espacenet.com/publicationDetails/biblio?CC=GB&NR=205991&KC=&FT=E |title=1923 Patent abstract |publisher=V3.espacenet.com |date= |accessdate=27 September 2010}}</ref> Le idea esseva concipite post Harold habeva essite in un match de football del [[Tottenham Hotspur]] (de que ille era un avide fan). Ille voleva crear un joco replicante le football ma que poteva esser jocate in casa. Le inspiration veniva de un cassa de flammiferos: per jacer le flammiferos per le cassa ille habeva formate le base de su joco. Su oncle (que habitava [[Portland]] in le [[Statos Unite]]) visitava Harold e retornava con le inspiration al SUA ubi illo esseva patentate in 1927 (Bureau de Patentes del Statos Unite no. 1.615.491). Totevia, ille non videva multo successo con le joco e lassava su patente expirar. Solmente multe decennios postea que le joco obtenerea popularitate in le SUA. <ref>http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-murky-history-of-foosball-314668/?no-ist</ref> Intertanto in Europa, le prime ligas comenciava surger in le decade 1950, e le Union Europee de Football de Tabula era formate in 1976. Le soldato american Lawrence Patterson reintroduceva le joco in le SUA post jocar lo durante que stava in Germania in le decade 1960. Ille importava le prime tabula, facite in Bavaria, al SUA in 1962. Durante que lo faceva, ille registrava le termino "foosball" in SUA e Canada e dava a su tabula le nomine de "Foosball Match." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.foosballrevolution.com/history/ |accessdate=2017-04-14 |archivedate=2017-02-06 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206121243/http://www.foosballrevolution.com/history/ }}</ref> In 1970, Hayes and Furr creava le prime tabula de football facite in SUA, e multo tosto le joco deveniva un phenomeno national que durava usque le [[video jocos]] deveniva popular in le decade 1980. In 2002, le [[ITSF|International Table Soccer Federation]] (ITSF) esseva establite in Francia con le mission de promover le sport de Football de Tabula organisante un corpore sportive, regulante competitiones international, establiente le joco con le [[SportAccord|Association General del Federationes Sportive International]] (GAIF, acronymo del nomine anglese). ==Le sport== [[File:Fussball Player.JPG|thumb|left|Un jocator de football de tabula grec]] Al comenciar del joco, le bolla es servite trans un cavo al latere del tabula, o simplemente placite per le mano al pede del figura in le centro del tabula. Le latere que le bolla essera servite initialmente es decidite ballottante un moneta. Le jocatores usa le figuras montate in barras rotatori pro calcar le bolla intra un goal pro punctuar. Il ha jocatores experte que succedeva jectar le bolla a velocitates de usque 56&nbsp;km/h in competitiones.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the official ciCMS: Foosball League Website<!-- Bot generated title --> |url=http://www.foosball-league.com/?pid=57 |accessdate=2017-04-14 |archivedate=2018-10-01 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001113009/http://www.foosball-league.com/?pid=57 }}</ref> Multe regulas considera illegal le "tiros a plus de 360 grados" (usar le palma del mano a facer le barra entrar in rotation, in vice de tornar le carpos a calcar le bolla con un figura montate in le barra). <ref name="table-soccer.org rules">{{cite web |url=http://www.table-soccer.org/rules/documents/ITSFRulesEnglish.pdf |title=ITSF |publisher=Table-soccer.org |date=15 January 2007 |accessdate=27 September 2010 |archivedate=30 March 2016 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160330151052/http://www.table-soccer.org/rules/documents/ITSFRulesEnglish.pdf }}</ref> Totevia il ha multe regulas variante – in alcun variantes, le goal-keeper pote esser rotate, in alteres post que le goal es attingite de un position controlate, rotationes del barra post colpar le bolla es permittite. Generalmente tiros curte de un rotation complete de 360 grados ante (o post) colpar le bolla es legal. Desde de establimento del [[ITSF]], le regulas ha devenite plus standardisate in le major competitiones international. Totevia, desde januario de 2012, le Campionatos Mundial e le Cuppa Mundial permitte duo rotationes complete de 360 grados.<ref name="table-soccer.org rules"/> Le vincitor es determinate quando un del equipas punctua un quantitate predeterminate de goals, typicamente cinque, dece, o dece-un in competition. Quando jocante le competitiones Bonzini le numero de goals requirite es septe. On debe ganiar per un differentia de duo goals. Le tabulas de football pote variar in grandor, ma un tabula typic es circa 120&nbsp;[[centimetro|cm]] longe e 61&nbsp;cm large. Le tabula sovente contine 8 lineas de marionettes jocator, que es figuras plastic, metallic, de ligno o a vices de fibra de carbon montate sur barras metallic horizontal. Cata equipa de 1 o 2 jocatores human controla 4 lineas de marionettes jocator. Le arrangiamento sequente es commun al tabulas de competition del ITSF, <ref>{{cite web |url=http://table-soccer.org/ |title=table-soccer.org |publisher=table-soccer.org |date= |accessdate=27 September 2010 |archivedate=16 June 2006 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060616025439/http://www.table-soccer.org/ }}</ref> ben que il ha variationes substantial, particularmente in Espania e America del Sud – ubi le modello de tabula ''Futbolín'' (o variantes) es commun e usa un configuration differente. Reguardante le tabula del sinistra al dextera, le configuration es sovente le sequente: <!--spacing--> [[File:Bonzini style table ball control.jpg|thumb|167px|Controlo de bolla]] {| border="1" cellpadding="5" style="border-collapse: collapse;" |- style="background:#f99;" | Linea 1 || '''Goal-keeper''' || 1 marionette (a vices 2 o 3) |- style="background:#f99;" | Linea 2 || '''Defensores''' || 2 marionettes (''a vices 3'') |- style="background:#99f;" | Linea 3 || Attaccantes del opponente || 3 marionettes (''a vices 2'') |- style="background:#f99;" | Linea 4 || '''Medie-campistas''' || 5 marionettes (''a vices 4 o 6'') |- style="background:#99f;" | Linea 5 || Medie-campistas del opponente || 5 marionettes (''a vices 4 o 6'') |- style="background:#f99;" | Linea 6 || '''Attaccantes ''' || 3 marionettes (''a vices 2'') |- style="background:#99f;" | Linea 7 || Defensores del opponente || 2 marionettes (''a vices 3'') |- style="background:#99f;" | Linea 8 || Goal-keeper del opponente || 1 marionette (a vices 2 o 3) |}{{-}} Le football de tabula pote esser jocate per duo individuos (singules) – e alsi per quatro personas (duples), un que il ha equipas de duo personas a cata latere. In iste scenario, un jocator sole controlar le duo lineas defensive e le altere le lineas del medie-campistas e del attaccantes. In matches informal, il es alsi commun trovar tres o quatro controlatores de cata latere. ==Competition== [[File:foosball garlando aerial.jpg|thumb|right|Un tabula al stylo [[Garlando]] con un joco eveniente]] [[File:Foosball11Players.jpg|thumb|Un tabula de football Leonhart pro 11 jocatores per latere in [[Berlin]]]] [[File:Kicker-berlin.jpg|thumb|Le plus grande tabula de football usante figuras [[Buddy Bear]] de 1 metro esseva montate in 2006 in Berlin pro le [[Cuppa Mundial de Football]].]] Football de tabula es sovente jocate per amusamento in pubs, bars, locales de labor, scholas e clubs con poc regulas. Le football de tabula es alsi jocate in competitiones official organisate per plure organisationes national, con regulas e regulationes altemente evolvite. Ben que le competitiones organisate occurre desde le decades 1940 e 1950 in [[Europa]], le tours professional e le eventos pecuniose comenciava quando le patre del football de tabula professional moderne, [[Lee Peppard]] de [[Seattle]], annunciava un "Un Tour de Un Quarte de Million de Dollares" in 1976. Plure organisationes e sponsores ha continuate promovente eventos professional mundial pecuniose. In 1976 Bobby Brown del Green Felt Billiards finiva le saison con 1305 punctos, le major jammais registrate in un saison. Le [[ITSF]] ora regula eventos international includente le annual Campionatos Mundial e le Cuppa Mundial. Le Cuppa Mundial era originalmente intendite a coincider con le [[Cuppa Mundial de Football|Cuppa Mundial FIFA]], ma desde januario de 2009 illo occurre annualmente. In le Cuppa Mundial e le Campionatos Mundial de [[ITSF]] de 2013, quasi 500 jocatores de 30 paises congregava in Nantes, Francia a competer. [[File:Lech Kaczyński vs. Leo Beenhakker play table football.jpg|thumb|right|Le ex-presidente polonese [[Lech Kaczyński]] e le ex-trainator del equipa national polonese [[Leo Beenhakker]] joca football de tabula]] Le Tour Mundial del [[ITSF]] ha alsi recentemente expandite a includer le paises asiatic. China, Taiwan e Malaysia hospitava torneos sanctionate per le [[ITSF]] in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.table-soccer.org/tournaments/ |title=Patent abstract |publisher=www.table-soccer.org |date= |accessdate=25 January 2014}}</ref> In 2016, le Philippinas hospitava The Manila Bay Open. ==Tabulas== Un vaste quantitate de differente sortas de tabulas existe. Le marcas de tabulas usate al Campionatos Mundial de [[ITSF]] es [[Bonzini]], [[Roberto Sport]], [[Garlando]], [[Tornado (football de tabula)|Tornado]], and Leonhart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.table-soccer.org/page/official-table-partners|title=Associatos official de tabulas- International Table Soccer Federation |publisher=Table-soccer.org |date= |accessdate=7 August 2015}}</ref>. Plure companias ha create "versiones luxuose" del tabulas de football. Il ha un tabula de 7 metros create per le artista [[Maurizio Cattelan]] pro un obra appellate "Stadium". Le tabulas sole haber 11 marionettes jocator per latere. Differentias in le typos de tabula ha grande influentia in le stylos de joco. Le majoritate del tabulas ha un goal-keeper cuje movimentos es restricte al area del goal. Sur alcun de iste tabulas le goal-keeper deveni incapabile de attinger le bolla un vice que illo es obstruite in le angulo del tabula; alteres ha angulos elevate a retornar le bolla al joco. Un altere major differentia inter le typos de tabula es trovate in le bollas, que pote esser facite de ligno (corco in le tabulas traditional francese), varie formas de plastico o mesmo rarmente marmore e metal, variante significantemente le velocitate del tiros, tamben le spatio inter le homine e le bolla e inter le bolla e le superficie de joco.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://bestalyze.com/best-foosball-tables/|title = Foosball tables|accessdate = 23 August 2016|publisher = Bestalyze|archivedate = 26 October 2017|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20171026053818/http://bestalyze.com/best-foosball-tables/}}</ref> ==Jocatores robotic== Le robot de football de tabula [[Foosbot]] jam esseva vincite per humanos plure vices, ma illo ha essite testate contra jocatores experte.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uakron.edu/im/online-newsroom/news_details.dot?crumbTitle=Top+Bots+excel+at+wide+variety+of+tasks&newsId=3cf658fd-6f79-4ddf-b87c-0dca313ab744|title=Top Bots excel at wide variety of tasks|accessdate=2013-07-01|date=2012-04-25|publisher=[[University of Akron]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/TeamFoosbot?feature=watch|title=TeamFoosbot's channel|accessdate=2013-07-01|publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Ancora altere robot de football de tabula es sur developpamento per duo studentes del [[Universitate Technic de Danmark]]. The robot usa un camera montate supra un tabula commun.<ref>[http://foospmp.myl.dk Tabula de football automatisate] pagina initial del projecto</ref> Altere robot he essite developpate per duo studentes del [[EPFL]] in Switza.<ref>[http://sti.epfl.ch/page-97901-en.html] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160903042028/http://sti.epfl.ch/page-97901-en.html |date=2016-09-03 }} pagina initial del projecto</ref> ==In le cultura popular== Le personages [[Monica Geller]], [[Joey Tribbiani]] e [[Chandler Bing]] del spectaculo de TV ''[[Friends]]'' (1994–2004, SUA) sovente joca football de tabula. Le football de tabula esseva in un parte prominente del episodio "[[Foosball and Nocturnal Vigilantism]]" in ''[[Community]]'', un serie de TV popular. Le football de tabula ha alsi essite le subjecto de films tal como ''[[Longshot (film de 1981)|Longshot]]''<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0082676'' Longshot''] (1981, US)</ref> (1981), and ''[[Underdogs (film de 2013)|Underdogs]]'' (2013). ==Referentias== <references/> ==Ligamines externe== * [http://www.table-soccer.org/ Federation International de Football de Tabula] lx3uvqb3m0x9k6gvoycgldiaze5racn 102 41382 699951 699732 2026-09-13T01:52:28Z ListeriaBot 24326 Wikidata list updated [V2] 699951 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox}} {{Wikidata list |sparql=SELECT ?item ?sl { ?item wdt:P171* wd:Q7377 . OPTIONAL {?item wikibase:sitelinks ?sl } . FILTER (?sl >= 50) } ORDER BY DESC(?sl) |section= |sort= |columns=number:#,item,label:Article,P225,?sl,description,P18,P31,P279,P171,P361 |thumb=48 |min_section= |links=red_only |summary=itemnumber }} {| class='wikitable sortable' ! # ! item ! Article ! nomine del taxon ! ?sl ! description ! imagine ! instantia de ! subclasse de ! taxon superior immediate ! parte de |- | style='text-align:right'| 1 | [[:d:Q58697|Q58697]] | [[Sus scrofa]] | Sus scrofa | 163 | | [[File:Wildschwein, Nähe Pulverstampftor.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Sus]] | [[Sus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 2 | [[:d:Q9482|Q9482]] | [[Sciuridae]] | Sciuridae | 158 | | [[File:Sciurus carolinensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciuromorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 3 | [[:d:Q10850|Q10850]] | [[Rodentia]] | Rodentia | 155 | | [[File:Tamias striatus CT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[fur-bearing animal]] | [[Glires]]<br/>[[Simplicidentata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 4 | [[:d:Q34718|Q34718]] | [[Rhinocerotidae]] | Rhinocerotidae | 155 | | [[File:Waterberg Nashorn1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[perissodactylos]]<br/>[[Rhinocerotoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 5 | [[:d:Q34505|Q34505]] | [[Hippopotamus amphibius]] | Hippopotamus amphibius | 147 | | [[File:Portrait Hippopotamus in the water.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippopotamus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 6 | [[:d:Q33602|Q33602]] | [[Ailuropoda melanoleuca]] | Ailuropoda melanoleuca | 146 | | [[File:Giant Panda 2004-03-2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailuropoda]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 7 | [[:d:Q42046|Q42046]] | [[Hyaenidae]] | Hyaenidae | 142 | | [[File:Crocuta-hejda.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestoidea]]<br/>[[Aeluroidea]]<br/>[[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 8 | [[:d:Q46076|Q46076]] | [[Lepus]] | Lepus | 141 | | [[File:Hare Hare (20300967221).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Leporidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 9 | [[:d:Q15083|Q15083]] | [[Giraffa camelopardalis]] | Giraffa camelopardalis | 139 | | [[File:Rothschild's giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis rothschildi) - Murchison Falls National Park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Giraffa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 10 | [[:d:Q36341|Q36341]] | [[Ursus arctos]] | Ursus arctos | 138 | | [[File:202309 Ezo brown bear.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[bear]] | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 11 | [[:d:Q30197|Q30197]] | [[Panthera uncia]] | Panthera uncia | 132 | | [[File:Uncia uncia.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[apex predator]]<br/>[[flagship species]] | | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 12 | [[:d:Q35517|Q35517]] | [[Alces alces]] | Alces alces | 130 | | [[File:A male moose takes a rest in a field during a light rainshower.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Alces]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 13 | [[:d:Q36101|Q36101]] | [[Phascolarctos cinereus]] | Phascolarctos cinereus | 129 | | [[File:Koala climbing tree.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phascolarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 14 | [[:d:Q27066|Q27066]] | [[Meles meles]] | Meles meles | 123 | | [[File:European badger (Meles meles taxus) Drenthe.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Meles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 15 | [[:d:Q25311|Q25311]] | [[Mustela nivalis]] | Mustela nivalis | 122 | | [[File:Mustela nivalis -British Wildlife Centre-4.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 16 | [[:d:Q29995|Q29995]] | [[Lutra lutra]] | Lutra lutra | 121 | | [[File:Otter.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 17 | [[:d:Q39624|Q39624]] | [[Rangifer tarandus]] | Rangifer tarandus | 121 | | [[File:Caribou.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cervides|Cervidae]] | [[Rangifer]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 18 | [[:d:Q83310|Q83310]] | [[Mus musculus]] | Mus musculus | 120 | | [[File:202101 Mouse.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 19 | [[:d:Q26843|Q26843]] | [[Orcinus orca]] | Orcinus orca | 116 | | [[File:202402 Killer whale.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Odontoceti]] | [[Orcinus]] | [[Blackfish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 20 | [[:d:Q41960|Q41960]] | [[Ailurus fulgens]] | Ailurus fulgens | 112 | | [[File:RedPanda SingalilaNationalPark DFrame.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 21 | [[:d:Q80479|Q80479]] | [[Herpestidae]] | Herpestidae | 111 | | [[File:Dwarf mongoose Korkeasaari zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]]<br/>[[Herpestoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 22 | [[:d:Q4388|Q4388]] | [[Sciurus vulgaris]] | Sciurus vulgaris | 111 | | [[File:Squirrel posing.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 23 | [[:d:Q41692|Q41692]] | [[mule]] | Equus asinus × Equus caballus | 111 | | [[File:Juancito.jpg|center|48px]] | [[hybrid taxon]] | [[packhorse]]<br/>[[horse–donkey hybrid]] | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 24 | [[:d:Q42196|Q42196]] | [[Balaenoptera musculus]] | Balaenoptera musculus | 111 | | [[File:202501 Blue whale.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cetacea]]<br/>[[Balaenoptera physalus]] | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 25 | [[:d:Q25345|Q25345]] | [[Mustela erminea]] | Mustela erminea | 110 | | [[File:Røyskatt (Mustela erminea erminea), Lista, Norway.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 26 | [[:d:Q30847|Q30847]] | [[Caracal caracal]] | Caracal caracal | 109 | | [[File:Caracal Caracal-001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[big cat]] | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 27 | [[:d:Q79794|Q79794]] | [[Cervus elaphus]] | Cervus elaphus | 109 | | [[File:Cervus elaphus Luc Viatour 6.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 28 | [[:d:Q79803|Q79803]] | [[Cavia porcellus]] | Cavia porcellus | 108 | | [[File:Conill porquí gàbia.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]] | | [[Cavia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 29 | [[:d:Q122069|Q122069]] | [[Capreolus capreolus]] | Capreolus capreolus | 108 | | [[File:Capreolus (js)11.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capreolus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 30 | [[:d:Q30263|Q30263]] | [[Pinnipedia]] | Pinnipedia | 107 | | [[File:Common seal (Phoca vitulina) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos]] | [[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 31 | [[:d:Q46212|Q46212]] | [[Orycteropus afer]] | Orycteropus afer | 106 | | [[File:Orycteropus afer stuffed.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[insectivore]]<br/>[[Mammiferos]] | [[Orycteropus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 32 | [[:d:Q14334|Q14334]] | [[glutton]] | Gulo gulo | 106 | mammifero carnivore | [[File:Gulo gulo 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Gulo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 33 | [[:d:Q82738|Q82738]] | [[Vulpes lagopus]] | Vulpes lagopus | 105 | | [[File:Vulpes lagopus in Iceland (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 34 | [[:d:Q41631|Q41631]] | [[Soricidae]] | Soricidae | 104 | | [[File:Southern short-tailed shrew.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eulipotyphla]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 35 | [[:d:Q159429|Q159429]] | [[Papio]] | Papio | 103 | | [[File:Olive baboon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cercopithecinae]]<br/>[[Papionini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 36 | [[:d:Q25437|Q25437]] | [[Mustelidae]] | Mustelidae | 101 | | [[File:Marten with Flowers.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Musteloidea]]<br/>[[Caniformia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 37 | [[:d:Q200184|Q200184]] | [[Lutrinae]] | Lutrinae | 101 | | [[File:LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 38 | [[:d:Q128098|Q128098]] | [[Canis aureus]] | Canis aureus | 101 | | [[File:033 Golden jackal in Keoladeo National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 39 | [[:d:Q125525|Q125525]] | [[jackal]] | | 100 | | [[File:Golden jackal (Canis aureus indicus) male head.jpg|center|48px]] | [[organisms known by a particular common name]] | [[Canina]] | [[Canina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 40 | [[:d:Q25851|Q25851]] | [[Oryctolagus cuniculus]] | Oryctolagus cuniculus | 100 | | [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[conilio]] | [[Oryctolagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 41 | [[:d:Q122783|Q122783]] | [[Ursus americanus]] | Ursus americanus | 99 | | [[File:American black bear (19647087094).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Ursidae]] | [[Ursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 42 | [[:d:Q19537|Q19537]] | [[bonobo]] | Pan paniscus | 99 | specie de primate | [[File:Bonobo at Nsele Valley Park, Kinshasa, DR Congo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chimpanze]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 43 | [[:d:Q862089|Q862089]] | [[Giraffa]] | Giraffa | 99 | | [[File:Giraffe Mikumi National Park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Giraffina]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 44 | [[:d:Q82037|Q82037]] | [[Okapia johnstoni]] | Okapia johnstoni | 98 | | [[File:Okapi and son.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Okapia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 45 | [[:d:Q25374|Q25374]] | [[perissodactylos]] | Perissodactyla | 97 | | [[File:00296 zebra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos]] | [[Perissodactylamorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 46 | [[:d:Q10798|Q10798]] | [[Sus]] | Sus | 97 | | [[File:Zwijntje.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[animal]] | [[Suini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 47 | [[:d:Q81214|Q81214]] | [[Physeter macrocephalus]] | Physeter macrocephalus | 97 | | [[File:Mother and baby sperm whale.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[whale]] | [[Physeter]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 48 | [[:d:Q123102|Q123102]] | [[Thylacinus cynocephalus]] | Thylacinus cynocephalus | 96 | | [[File:Thylacines.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Thylacinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 49 | [[:d:Q26046|Q26046]] | [[Martes martes]] | Martes martes | 96 | | [[File:Pine Marten (48173751702).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 50 | [[:d:Q2274076|Q2274076]] | [[Folivora]] | Folivora | 95 | | [[File:Bradypus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pilosa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 51 | [[:d:Q42797|Q42797]] | [[Trichechus]] | Trichechus | 95 | | [[File:Endangered Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus) (7636816484).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Trichechidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 52 | [[:d:Q185939|Q185939]] | [[Hylobatidae]] | Hylobatidae | 95 | | [[File:Hylobates lar pair of white and black 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hominoide]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 53 | [[:d:Q133006|Q133006]] | [[Elephas maximus]] | Elephas maximus | 95 | | [[File:Asian elephant - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[elephante]] | [[Elephas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 54 | [[:d:Q25401|Q25401]] | [[Lagomorpha]] | Lagomorpha | 94 | | [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus Tasmania 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Glires]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 55 | [[:d:Q6120|Q6120]] | [[Erinaceinae]] | Erinaceinae | 93 | | [[File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Erinaceidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 56 | [[:d:Q80952|Q80952]] | [[Panthera tigris tigris]] | Panthera tigris tigris | 93 | | [[File:Bengal tiger in Sanjay Dubri Tiger Reserve December 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 05.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[tigre]] | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 57 | [[:d:Q6573|Q6573]] | [[Cricetinae]] | Cricetinae | 93 | | [[File:A pet hamster named Peach.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cricetidae]] | [[Cricetidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 58 | [[:d:Q173128|Q173128]] | [[Mellivora capensis]] | Mellivora capensis | 92 | | [[File:Honey badger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mellivora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 59 | [[:d:Q134015|Q134015]] | [[Suricata suricatta]] | Suricata suricatta | 92 | | [[File:Meerkat (Suricata suricatta).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suricata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 60 | [[:d:Q173651|Q173651]] | [[Lycaon pictus]] | Lycaon pictus | 91 | | [[File:Lycaon pictus (Temminck, 1820).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycaon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 61 | [[:d:Q166794|Q166794]] | [[Otocolobus manul]] | Otocolobus manul | 90 | | [[File:Otocolobus manul -Zurich Zoo-8a.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocolobus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 62 | [[:d:Q124410|Q124410]] | [[Ursus thibetanus]] | Ursus thibetanus | 90 | | [[File:Ursus thibetanus 3 (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus]]<br/>[[Selenarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 63 | [[:d:Q47867|Q47867]] | [[Dasypodidae]] | Dasypodidae | 90 | | [[File:Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cingulata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 64 | [[:d:Q104825|Q104825]] | [[Talpidae]] | Talpidae | 90 | | [[File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eulipotyphla]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 65 | [[:d:Q177601|Q177601]] | [[Macaca]] | Macaca | 90 | | [[File:Bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) Photograph By Shantanu Kuveskar.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cercopithecinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 66 | [[:d:Q36557|Q36557]] | [[Loxodonta africana]] | Loxodonta africana | 90 | | [[File:178 Male African bush elephant in Etosha National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Loxodonta]] | [[Loxodonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 67 | [[:d:Q26838|Q26838]] | [[Lepus europaeus]] | Lepus europaeus | 89 | | [[File:European Brown Hare (50341079472).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eulagos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 68 | [[:d:Q166898|Q166898]] | [[Suidae]] | Suidae | 89 | | [[File:Lightmatter unidentified pig-like animal.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suina]]<br/>[[Suoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 69 | [[:d:Q172923|Q172923]] | [[Capra]] | Capra | 89 | | [[File:Bouquetin01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caprini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 70 | [[:d:Q25431|Q25431]] | [[Sirenia]] | Sirenia | 88 | | [[File:FL fig04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Placentarios]]<br/>[[Mammiferos]]<br/>[[Tethytheria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 71 | [[:d:Q28521|Q28521]] | [[Mustela]] | Mustela | 88 | | [[File:Mustela species mosaic.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 72 | [[:d:Q38584|Q38584]] | [[Canis lupus dingo]] | Canis familiaris dingo | 88 | | [[File:Dingo Side.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[racia can]]<br/>[[organisms known by a particular common name]] | [[feral dog]] | [[Canis familiaris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 73 | [[:d:Q132585|Q132585]] | [[Cuon alpinus]] | Cuon alpinus | 87 | | [[File:Dhole (Asiatic wild dog) cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cuon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 74 | [[:d:Q103237|Q103237]] | [[Australopithecus]] | Australopithecus | 87 | | [[File:Australopithecus Afarensis - Transparent Background.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Australopithecinae]]<br/>[[Australopithecine]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 75 | [[:d:Q26533|Q26533]] | [[Martes]] | Martes | 86 | | [[File:Martes martes crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Guloninae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 76 | [[:d:Q26423|Q26423]] | [[Martes zibellina]] | Martes zibellina | 86 | | [[File:Sobol bur.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 77 | [[:d:Q185194|Q185194]] | [[Vulpes]] | Vulpes | 86 | | [[File:Genus vulpes.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpini]]<br/>[[Canides|Canidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 78 | [[:d:Q131564|Q131564]] | [[Vulpes zerda]] | Vulpes zerda | 86 | | [[File:Fennec Fox (9163009503).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 79 | [[:d:Q128001|Q128001]] | [[Tapirus]] | Tapirus | 86 | | [[File:Malayan Tapir.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapiridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 80 | [[:d:Q26283|Q26283]] | [[Ondatra zibethicus]] | Ondatra zibethicus | 86 | | [[File:Ondatra zibethicus FWS.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ondatra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 81 | [[:d:Q159918|Q159918]] | [[Ceratotherium simum]] | Ceratotherium simum | 86 | | [[File:White rhinoceros africa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ceratotherium]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 82 | [[:d:Q132905|Q132905]] | [[Megaptera novaeangliae]] | Megaptera novaeangliae | 86 | | [[File:202312 Humpback whale.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Megaptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 83 | [[:d:Q21834|Q21834]] | [[Didelphidae]] | Didelphidae | 85 | | [[File:Opossum 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Didelphimorphia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 84 | [[:d:Q26582|Q26582]] | [[Mustela putorius]] | Mustela putorius | 85 | | [[File:Ilder.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 85 | [[:d:Q184004|Q184004]] | [[Ovibos moschatus]] | Ovibos moschatus | 85 | | [[File:Ovibos moschatus qtl3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ovibos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 86 | [[:d:Q95036|Q95036]] | [[Diceros bicornis]] | Diceros bicornis | 85 | | [[File:2012 Black Rhinoceros Gemsbokvlakte.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Diceros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 87 | [[:d:Q159857|Q159857]] | [[Dama dama]] | Dama dama | 85 | | [[File:Fallow deer in field.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[deer]] | [[Dama]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 88 | [[:d:Q132072|Q132072]] | [[Delphinapterus leucas]] | Delphinapterus leucas | 85 | | [[File:Beluga oceanografic.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Delphinapterus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 89 | [[:d:Q23175|Q23175]] | [[Vombatidae]] | Vombatidae | 84 | | [[File:Vombatus ursinus (Wombat in snow).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vombatiformes]]<br/>[[Vombatoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 90 | [[:d:Q69581|Q69581]] | [[Panthera tigris altaica]] | Panthera tigris altaica | 84 | | [[File:P.t.altaica Tomak Male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 91 | [[:d:Q5452918|Q5452918]] | [[Simiiformes]] | Simiiformes | 84 | | [[File:Simiiformes.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Haplorrhini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 92 | [[:d:Q131340|Q131340]] | [[Rupicapra rupicapra]] | Rupicapra rupicapra | 84 | | [[File:064 Wild Chamois Parc régional Chasseral Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rupicapra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 93 | [[:d:Q6145|Q6145]] | [[Erinaceus europaeus]] | Erinaceus europaeus | 83 | | [[File:Erinaceus europaeus (Linnaeus, 1758).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Erinaceus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 94 | [[:d:Q42627|Q42627]] | [[Prionailurus bengalensis]] | Prionailurus bengalensis | 83 | | [[File:Close-up of a Leopard Cat in Sundarban.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 95 | [[:d:Q36135|Q36135]] | [[Neofelis nebulosa]] | Neofelis nebulosa | 83 | | [[File:Clouded Leopard (205918213).jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 96 | [[:d:Q21824|Q21824]] | [[echidna]] | Tachyglossidae | 82 | | [[File:Tachyglossus aculeatus side on.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monotremas|Monotremata]]<br/>[[Ornithorhynchoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 97 | [[:d:Q27366|Q27366]] | [[Martes foina]] | Martes foina | 82 | | [[File:Beech Marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 98 | [[:d:Q133189|Q133189]] | [[Nyctereutes procyonoides]] | Nyctereutes procyonoides | 82 | | [[File:Енотовидная собака Гродно (cropped 2).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nyctereutes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 99 | [[:d:Q129544|Q129544]] | [[Dugong dugon]] | Dugong dugon | 81 | | [[File:Dugong Marsa Alam.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Dugong]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 100 | [[:d:Q129727|Q129727]] | [[Lynx pardinus]] | Lynx pardinus | 81 | | [[File:Lince ibérico (Lynx pardinus), Almuradiel, Ciudad Real, España, 2021-12-19, DD 07.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 101 | [[:d:Q144923|Q144923]] | [[Helarctos malayanus]] | Helarctos malayanus | 81 | | [[File:Sitting sun bear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Helarctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 102 | [[:d:Q184224|Q184224]] | [[Rattus norvegicus]] | Rattus norvegicus | 81 | | [[File:A river rat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]] | | [[Ratto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 103 | [[:d:Q180404|Q180404]] | [[Cervus canadensis]] | Cervus canadensis | 81 | | [[File:Jasper.Wapiti-Hirsch.P1033401.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 104 | [[:d:Q46889|Q46889]] | [[Bos primigenius indicus]] | Bos primigenius indicus | 81 | | [[File:A well-fed bull in Kuno WS AJTJ P1070807.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[milk yielding animal]] | [[Bos taurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 105 | [[:d:Q182347|Q182347]] | [[leon asiatic]] | Panthera leo persica | 80 | | [[File:Asiatic Lioness in Gir Forest.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 106 | [[:d:Q971343|Q971343]] | [[Microchiroptera]] | Microchiroptera | 79 | | [[File:Big-eared-townsend-fledermaus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 107 | [[:d:Q147114|Q147114]] | [[Procyonidae]] | Procyonidae | 79 | | [[File:Procyonidae-01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Musteloidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 108 | [[:d:Q41407|Q41407]] | [[Enhydra lutris]] | Enhydra lutris | 79 | | [[File:Otter in Seward, Alaska, April 2017.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Enhydra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 109 | [[:d:Q209067|Q209067]] | [[Talpa europaea]] | Talpa europaea | 78 | | [[File:Talpa europaea MHNT.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Talpa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 110 | [[:d:Q126683|Q126683]] | [[Saiga tatarica]] | Saiga tatarica | 78 | | [[File:Saiga antelope at the Stepnoi Sanctuary.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Saiga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 111 | [[:d:Q10867|Q10867]] | [[Phocoenidae]] | Phocoenidae | 78 | | [[File:Porpoise 042.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Delphinoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 112 | [[:d:Q185864|Q185864]] | [[Viverridae]] | Viverridae | 77 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Feliformia|feliformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 113 | [[:d:Q178089|Q178089]] | [[Crocuta crocuta]] | Crocuta crocuta | 77 | | [[File:Hiena manchada (Crocuta crocuta), parque nacional Kruger, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-26, DD 22.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Crocuta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 114 | [[:d:Q171004|Q171004]] | [[Ursus arctos horribilis]] | Ursus arctos horribilis | 77 | | [[File:Grizzly Denali edit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 115 | [[:d:Q185038|Q185038]] | [[Loxodonta]] | Loxodonta | 77 | | [[File:African Bush Elephant.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[elephante]] | [[Elephante|Elephantidae]]<br/>[[Loxodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 116 | [[:d:Q47910|Q47910]] | [[Rhinoceros unicornis]] | Rhinoceros unicornis | 77 | | [[File:Greater one-horned rhinoceros at Chitwan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Mammiferos]] | [[Rhinoceros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 117 | [[:d:Q174296|Q174296]] | [[Gauro]] | Bos gaurus | 77 | | [[File:Gaur Indian Bison.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 118 | [[:d:Q190858|Q190858]] | [[Gazella]] | Gazella | 77 | | [[File:Chinkara - Shreeram M V - Bikaner.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antilopini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 119 | [[:d:Q185231|Q185231]] | [[Mirounga]] | Mirounga | 76 | | [[File:Mirounga leonina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 120 | [[:d:Q42602|Q42602]] | [[felinos]] | Felinae | 76 | | [[File:Felinae diversity 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 121 | [[:d:Q146457|Q146457]] | [[Lynx canadensis]] | Lynx canadensis | 76 | | [[File:Canada lynx by Michael Zahra.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lynx (taxon)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 122 | [[:d:Q187704|Q187704]] | [[Myocastor coypus]] | Myocastor coypus | 76 | | [[File:202401 Myocastor coypus.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Myocastor]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 123 | [[:d:Q156606|Q156606]] | [[Macaca mulatta]] | Macaca mulatta | 76 | | [[File:112 Baby rhesus macaque in Jim Corbett National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[organismo modelo]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 124 | [[:d:Q23193|Q23193]] | [[Macropodidae]] | Macropodidae | 75 | | [[File:Kangaroo.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macropodiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 125 | [[:d:Q27179|Q27179]] | [[Neovison vison]] | Neogale vison | 75 | | [[File:American Mink.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neovison]]<br/>[[Neogale]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 126 | [[:d:Q190674|Q190674]] | [[Prionailurus viverrinus]] | Prionailurus viverrinus | 75 | | [[File:Prionailurus viverrinus 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 127 | [[:d:Q192231|Q192231]] | [[Caracal aurata]] | Profelis aurata | 75 | | [[File:FelisAurataKeulemans.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caracal]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 128 | [[:d:Q182968|Q182968]] | [[Cercopithecidae]] | Cercopithecidae | 75 | | [[File:Olive baboon Ngorongoro.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cercopithecoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 129 | [[:d:Q26547|Q26547]] | [[Yak salvage]] | Bos mutus | 75 | | [[File:Wild Yak Stuffed.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[taxon synonyme]] | | [[Bos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 130 | [[:d:Q183339|Q183339]] | [[Antilope cervicapra]] | Antilope cervicapra | 75 | | [[File:BlackBuck.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antilope]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 131 | [[:d:Q213084|Q213084]] | [[Antidorcas marsupialis]] | Antidorcas marsupialis | 75 | | [[File:174 Male Springbok in Etosha National Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antidorcas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 132 | [[:d:Q26559|Q26559]] | [[Mustela lutreola]] | Mustela lutreola | 74 | | [[File:Europäischer Nerz.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 133 | [[:d:Q188657|Q188657]] | [[Hyaena hyaena]] | Hyaena hyaena | 74 | | [[File:Museo della Specola (Florence) - Hyaena hyaena.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 134 | [[:d:Q180035|Q180035]] | [[Lepus timidus]] | Lepus timidus | 74 | | [[File:Lepus timidus in Volgograd Oblast.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lepus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 135 | [[:d:Q190516|Q190516]] | [[Cervus nippon]] | Cervus nippon | 74 | | [[File:202308 Japanese deer.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 136 | [[:d:Q182304|Q182304]] | [[Puma yagouaroundi]] | Puma yagouaroundi | 73 | | [[File:Puma yagouaroundi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Puma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 137 | [[:d:Q108235|Q108235]] | [[Gliridae]] | Gliridae | 73 | | [[File:Graphiurus spec -murinus-1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciuromorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 138 | [[:d:Q174199|Q174199]] | [[Tursiops truncatus]] | Tursiops truncatus | 73 | | [[File:Tursiops truncatus 01-cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tursiops]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 139 | [[:d:Q26913|Q26913]] | [[Phoca vitulina]] | Phoca vitulina | 72 | | [[File:Common Seal Phoca vitulina.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phoca (genere)|Phoca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 140 | [[:d:Q185295|Q185295]] | [[Proteles cristata]] | Proteles cristata | 72 | | [[File:Proteles cristatus1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Proteles]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 141 | [[:d:Q145016|Q145016]] | [[Melursus ursinus]] | Melursus ursinus | 72 | | [[File:SlothBear.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Melursus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 142 | [[:d:Q231550|Q231550]] | [[Scandentia]] | Scandentia | 72 | | [[File:Tupaia belangeri -Kaeng Krachan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Euarchonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 143 | [[:d:Q186778|Q186778]] | [[Daubentonia madagascariensis]] | Daubentonia madagascariensis | 72 | | [[File:Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), Tsimbazaza Zoo, Madagascar (3897947810).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Daubentonia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 144 | [[:d:Q185385|Q185385]] | [[Lemur catta]] | Lemur catta | 72 | | [[File:Lemur catta 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lemur]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 145 | [[:d:Q29220|Q29220]] | [[Dicerorhinus sumatrensis]] | Dicerorhinus sumatrensis | 72 | | [[File:Sumatran Rhino 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Dicerorhinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 146 | [[:d:Q216815|Q216815]] | [[Taurotragus oryx]] | Taurotragus oryx | 72 | | [[File:Taurotragus oryx - young bull - Etosha 2015.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Taurotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 147 | [[:d:Q168327|Q168327]] | [[Capra ibex]] | Capra ibex | 72 | | [[File:094 Wild female Alpine Ibex at Creux du Van (crop) Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 148 | [[:d:Q192930|Q192930]] | [[Chinchilla]] | Chinchilla | 71 | | [[File:Chinchilla lanigera (Wroclaw zoo)-2.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Rodentia]] | [[Chinchillidae]]<br/>[[Chinchillinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 149 | [[:d:Q189514|Q189514]] | [[Loxodonta cyclotis]] | Loxodonta cyclotis | 71 | | [[File:Loxodontacyclotis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Loxodonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 150 | [[:d:Q186267|Q186267]] | [[Ovis ammon]] | Ovis ammon | 71 | | [[File:Ovis ammon (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ovis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 151 | [[:d:Q180960|Q180960]] | [[Equus hemionus]] | Equus hemionus | 71 | | [[File:Kulan (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 152 | [[:d:Q179020|Q179020]] | [[Balaenoptera physalus]] | Balaenoptera physalus | 71 | | [[File:Finhval.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Balaenidae]] | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 153 | [[:d:Q243359|Q243359]] | [[Ursus]] | Ursus | 70 | | [[File:Black bear large.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 154 | [[:d:Q147128|Q147128]] | [[Glis glis]] | Glis glis | 70 | | [[File:Glis glis 4058.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Glis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 155 | [[:d:Q26332|Q26332]] | [[Diprotodontia]] | Diprotodontia | 69 | | [[File:Macropus agilis - 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mammiferos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 156 | [[:d:Q230177|Q230177]] | [[Pantherinae]] | Pantherinae | 69 | | [[File:Jaguar head shot.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 157 | [[:d:Q188717|Q188717]] | [[Smilodon]] | Smilodon | 69 | | [[File:Smilodon californicus mount.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Smilodontini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 158 | [[:d:Q185239|Q185239]] | [[Galagidae]] | Galagidae | 69 | | [[File:Greater Bush Baby.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lorisiformes]]<br/>[[Lorisoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 159 | [[:d:Q200444|Q200444]] | [[Boselaphus tragocamelus]] | Boselaphus tragocamelus | 69 | | [[File:Female neelgai 1 gir 2006 karthick.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Boselaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 160 | [[:d:Q185230|Q185230]] | [[Pteropodidae]] | Pteropodidae | 68 | | [[File:Pteropus conspicillatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 161 | [[:d:Q183330|Q183330]] | [[Cryptoprocta ferox]] | Cryptoprocta ferox | 68 | | [[File:Cryptoprocta Ferox.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cryptoprocta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 162 | [[:d:Q18764|Q18764]] | [[Paradoxurus hermaphroditus]] | Paradoxurus hermaphroditus | 68 | | [[File:Asian palm civet in Rabindra Sarobar October 2024 by Tisha Mukherjee 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paradoxurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 163 | [[:d:Q213141|Q213141]] | [[Arctictis binturong]] | Arctictis binturong | 68 | | [[File:Binturong in Overloon.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Arctictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 164 | [[:d:Q187024|Q187024]] | [[Vulpes corsac]] | Vulpes corsac | 68 | | [[File:Vulpes corsac.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 165 | [[:d:Q214835|Q214835]] | [[Vulpes bengalensis]] | Vulpes bengalensis | 68 | | [[File:Bengal Fox - Shreeram M V - Rajasthan, India.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 166 | [[:d:Q182573|Q182573]] | [[liger]] | Panthera leo × Panthera tigris | 68 | | [[File:Liger couple.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 167 | [[:d:Q106133|Q106133]] | [[Rattus rattus]] | Rattus rattus | 68 | | [[File:20191212 Szczury w Świątyni Karni Maty w Deśnok 1038 8111 DxO.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ratto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 168 | [[:d:Q187927|Q187927]] | [[Capra falconeri]] | Capra falconeri | 68 | | [[File:Markhor Schraubenziege Capra falconeri Zoo Augsburg-02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 169 | [[:d:Q186154|Q186154]] | [[Giraffidae]] | Giraffidae | 68 | | [[File:Okapi.bristol.600pix.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Giraffoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 170 | [[:d:Q130942|Q130942]] | [[Theria]] | Theria | 67 | | [[File:Theria.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Boreosphenida]]<br/>[[Holotheria]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 171 | [[:d:Q178973|Q178973]] | [[Mustela putorius furo]] | Mustela furo | 67 | | [[File:202305 Mustela putorius furo.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 172 | [[:d:Q82261|Q82261]] | [[Haplorrhini]] | Haplorhini | 67 | | [[File:Totenkopfaeffchen.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[primate]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 173 | [[:d:Q82265|Q82265]] | [[Strepsirrhini]] | Strepsirrhini | 67 | | [[File:Propithecus verreauxi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[primate]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 174 | [[:d:Q232866|Q232866]] | [[Tayassuidae]] | Tayassuidae | 67 | | [[File:Collared peccary02 - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suina]]<br/>[[artiodactylos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 175 | [[:d:Q199251|Q199251]] | [[Spermophilus]] | Spermophilus | 67 | | [[File:Europäischer Ziesel in Hockstellung.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Marmotini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 176 | [[:d:Q199962|Q199962]] | [[Macaca sylvanus]] | Macaca sylvanus | 67 | | [[File:Portrait of a father.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 177 | [[:d:Q13408062|Q13408062]] | [[Yak domestic]] | Bos grunniens | 67 | | [[File:Bos grunniens at Letdar on Annapurna Circuit.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 178 | [[:d:Q192029|Q192029]] | [[Nasalis larvatus]] | Nasalis larvatus | 67 | | [[File:Proboscis Monkey in Borneo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Nasalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 179 | [[:d:Q190154|Q190154]] | [[Addax nasomaculatus]] | Addax nasomaculatus | 67 | | [[File:Addax (Addax nasomaculatus) adult male and juvenile.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Addax]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 180 | [[:d:Q174652|Q174652]] | [[Balaena mysticetus]] | Balaena mysticetus | 67 | | [[File:Bowheads42.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 181 | [[:d:Q726151|Q726151]] | [[Setonix brachyurus]] | Setonix brachyurus | 66 | | [[File:Rottnest Quokka 2004 SeanMcClean.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Setonix]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 182 | [[:d:Q80191|Q80191]] | [[catto marmorate]] | Pardofelis marmorata | 66 | | [[File:Marbled cat borneo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pardofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 183 | [[:d:Q184067|Q184067]] | [[Ochotona]] | Ochotona | 66 | | [[File:American pika (ochotona princeps) with a mouthful of flowers.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ochotonidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 184 | [[:d:Q193061|Q193061]] | [[Cricetidae]] | Cricetidae | 66 | | [[File:European hamster in Vienna.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Rodentia]] | [[Muroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 185 | [[:d:Q186462|Q186462]] | [[Lemuridae]] | Lemuridae | 66 | | [[File:Eulemur coronatus Madagascar 16-07-2004.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lemuroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 186 | [[:d:Q189868|Q189868]] | [[Mandrillus sphinx]] | Mandrillus sphinx | 66 | | [[File:Mandrill (4531340530).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mandrillus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 187 | [[:d:Q232054|Q232054]] | [[Axis axis]] | Axis axis | 66 | | [[File:Chital in Sundarbans National Park July 2025 by Tisha Mukherjee 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Axis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 188 | [[:d:Q105777|Q105777]] | [[Homo ergaster]] | Homo ergaster | 66 | | [[File:Homo ergaster.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 189 | [[:d:Q210872|Q210872]] | [[Platanista gangetica]] | Platanista gangetica | 66 | | [[File:Ganges River Dolphin cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Platanista]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 190 | [[:d:Q1231177|Q1231177]] | [[Ungulata]] | Ungulata | 65 | | [[File:Donkey in Clovelly, North Devon, England.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Tetrapoda]] | [[Placentarios]]<br/>[[Epitheria]]<br/>[[Fereuungulata]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 191 | [[:d:Q22110899|Q22110899]] | [[Choeropsis liberiensis]] | Choeropsis liberiensis | 65 | | [[File:Pygmy hippopotamus pair.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Choeropsis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 192 | [[:d:Q229337|Q229337]] | [[Rusa unicolor]] | Rusa unicolor | 65 | | [[File:A Sambal Deer at Peace.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 193 | [[:d:Q45969|Q45969]] | [[Equus quagga quagga]] | Equus quagga quagga | 65 | | [[File:Berlin Quagga.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Equus quagga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 194 | [[:d:Q187943|Q187943]] | [[Antilocapra americana]] | Antilocapra americana | 65 | | [[File:Antilocapra americana female (Wyoming, 2012).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Antilocapra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 195 | [[:d:Q188130|Q188130]] | [[Lipotes vexillifer]] | Lipotes vexillifer | 65 | | [[File:Baiji Dolphin killed by Charles Hoy 1914.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lipotes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 196 | [[:d:Q27370|Q27370]] | [[Halichoerus grypus]] | Halichoerus grypus | 64 | | [[File:Halichoerus grypus male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Halichoerus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 197 | [[:d:Q186663|Q186663]] | [[Hydrurga leptonyx]] | Hydrurga leptonyx | 64 | | [[File:Hydrurga leptonyx edit1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hydrurga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 198 | [[:d:Q241256|Q241256]] | [[Civettictis civetta]] | Civettictis civetta | 64 | | [[File:African civet.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Civettictis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 199 | [[:d:Q191129|Q191129]] | [[Panthera tigris sumatrae]] | Panthera tigris sumatrae | 64 | | [[File:Sumatran Tiger Berlin Tierpark.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 200 | [[:d:Q9490|Q9490]] | [[Pteromyini]] | Pteromyini | 64 | | [[File:Glaucomys sabrinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sciurinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 201 | [[:d:Q231625|Q231625]] | [[Lepus arcticus]] | Lepus arcticus | 64 | | [[File:Arctic Hare 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lepus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 202 | [[:d:Q188949|Q188949]] | [[Coelodonta antiquitatis]] | Coelodonta antiquitatis | 64 | | [[File:Coelodonta antiquitatis .jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Coelodonta]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 203 | [[:d:Q234121|Q234121]] | [[Muntiacus]] | Muntiacus | 64 | | [[File:Muntiacus reevesi, Cologne Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Muntiacini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 204 | [[:d:Q207114|Q207114]] | [[Delphinus delphis]] | Delphinus delphis | 64 | | [[File:Delphinus delphis 326708883.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Delphinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 205 | [[:d:Q184389|Q184389]] | [[Chrysocyon brachyurus]] | Chrysocyon brachyurus | 63 | | [[File:Chrysocyon brachyurus no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra por Celso Ferrarezi Jr (07).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chrysocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 206 | [[:d:Q8535351|Q8535351]] | [[Tragulidae]] | Tragulidae | 63 | | [[File:Mouse-deer Singapore Zoo 2012.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tragulina]]<br/>[[artiodactylos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 207 | [[:d:Q189484|Q189484]] | [[Papio hamadryas]] | Papio hamadryas | 63 | | [[File:Hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas) female.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Papio]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 208 | [[:d:Q193469|Q193469]] | [[Budorcas taxicolor]] | Budorcas taxicolor | 63 | | [[File:Budorcas taxicolor01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Budorcas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 209 | [[:d:Q219565|Q219565]] | [[Equus grevyi]] | Equus grevyi | 63 | | [[File:Equus grevyi in Samburu.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 210 | [[:d:Q232829|Q232829]] | [[Balaenopteridae]] | Balaenopteridae | 63 | | [[File:Humpback Whale underwater shot.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenopteroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 211 | [[:d:Q179154|Q179154]] | [[Eschrichtius robustus]] | Eschrichtius robustus | 63 | | [[File:Gray whale.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eschrichtius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 212 | [[:d:Q972452|Q972452]] | [[Vermilingua]] | Vermilingua | 62 | | [[File:DirkvdM tamandua.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pilosa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 213 | [[:d:Q3887135|Q3887135]] | [[Otariinae]] | Otariinae | 62 | | [[File:California sea lion in La Jolla (70568).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Otariidae]] | [[Otariidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 214 | [[:d:Q203033|Q203033]] | [[Myrmecophaga tridactyla]] | Myrmecophaga tridactyla | 62 | | [[File:Giant anteater at MAV-USP.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Myrmecophaga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 215 | [[:d:Q53462|Q53462]] | [[Macropus rufus]] | Macropus rufus | 62 | | [[File:Red kangaroo - melbourne zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macropus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 216 | [[:d:Q204322|Q204322]] | [[Felis bieti]] | Felis bieti | 62 | | [[File:Chinese Mountain Cat (Felis Bieti) in XiNing Wild Zoo 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cattos|catto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 217 | [[:d:Q200400|Q200400]] | [[Otocyon megalotis]] | Otocyon megalotis | 62 | | [[File:187 Bat-eared fox in Otjozondjupa Region Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Otocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 218 | [[:d:Q302006|Q302006]] | [[Hystricidae]] | Hystricidae | 62 | | [[File:Porcupine Berlin Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[porcupine]] | [[Hystricognathi]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 219 | [[:d:Q273071|Q273071]] | [[Dipodidae]] | Dipodidae | 62 | | [[File:Jaculus orientalis Plzen zoo 02.2011.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Dipodoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 220 | [[:d:Q207148|Q207148]] | [[Muscardinus avellanarius]] | Muscardinus avellanarius | 62 | | [[File:Haselmaus.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Muscardinus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 221 | [[:d:Q139487|Q139487]] | [[Tragelaphus strepsiceros]] | Tragelaphus strepsiceros | 62 | | [[File:Greater kudu skeleton at MAV-USP.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Kudu]] | [[Tragelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 222 | [[:d:Q242602|Q242602]] | [[Oreamnos americanus]] | Oreamnos americanus | 62 | | [[File:Mountain Goat Mount Massive.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oreamnos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 223 | [[:d:Q243213|Q243213]] | [[Equus zebra]] | Equus zebra | 62 | | [[File:Equus zebra - Disney's Animal Kingdom Lodge, Orlando, Florida, USA - 20100119.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 224 | [[:d:Q3699044|Q3699044]] | [[Woolly Mammoth]] | Mammuthus primigenius | 62 | | [[File:202003 Woolly mammoth.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mammuthus|Mammut]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 225 | [[:d:Q192993|Q192993]] | [[Homo erectus erectus]] | Homo erectus erectus | 62 | | [[File:Javamensch Replik Rosensteinmuseum.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo erectus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 226 | [[:d:Q185097|Q185097]] | [[Balaenoptera borealis]] | Balaenoptera borealis | 62 | | [[File:Balaenoptera borealis 3.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 227 | [[:d:Q208549|Q208549]] | [[Monachus monachus]] | Monachus monachus | 61 | | [[File:Billy monk seal 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Monachus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 228 | [[:d:Q28157482|Q28157482]] | [[Parahyaena brunnea]] | Parahyaena brunnea | 61 | | [[File:Brown Hyena (Parahyaena brunnea) (6472940707).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Parahyaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 229 | [[:d:Q192742|Q192742]] | [[Panthera tigris corbetti]] | Panthera tigris corbetti | 61 | | [[File:Indochinese tiger in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 230 | [[:d:Q208561|Q208561]] | [[Papio anubis]] | Papio anubis | 61 | | [[File:Male Olive Baboon 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Papio]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 231 | [[:d:Q191781|Q191781]] | [[Macaca fuscata]] | Macaca fuscata | 61 | | [[File:202308 Japanese macaque.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 232 | [[:d:Q623434|Q623434]] | [[Kobus ellipsiprymnus]] | Kobus ellipsiprymnus | 61 | | [[File:Antílope acuático (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), parque nacional de Chobe, Botsuana, 2018-07-28, DD 49.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Kobus]] | [[Wasserbock]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 233 | [[:d:Q644255|Q644255]] | [[Cervus]] | Cervus | 61 | | [[File:Cervus elaphus Luc Viatour 6.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cervini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 234 | [[:d:Q45931|Q45931]] | [[Peking Man]] | Homo erectus pekinensis | 61 | | [[File:Sinathropus pekinensis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo erectus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 235 | [[:d:Q213333|Q213333]] | [[Dasyuromorphia]] | Dasyuromorphia | 60 | | [[File:Dasyurus maculatus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Australidelphia]]<br/>[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<br/>[[Mammiferos]]<br/>[[Agreodontia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 236 | [[:d:Q190691|Q190691]] | [[Desmodontinae]] | Desmodontinae | 60 | | [[File:Desmo-boden.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phyllostomidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 237 | [[:d:Q43221|Q43221]] | [[Genetta]] | Genetta | 60 | | [[File:Genetta genetta felina (Wroclaw zoo).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverridae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 238 | [[:d:Q147267|Q147267]] | [[Didelphis virginiana]] | Didelphis virginiana | 60 | | [[File:Opossum 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Didelphis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 239 | [[:d:Q149405|Q149405]] | [[Erignathus barbatus]] | Erignathus barbatus | 60 | | [[File:Bartrobbe 3-2002.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Pinnipedia]] | [[Erignathus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 240 | [[:d:Q254630|Q254630]] | [[kinkajou]] | Potos flavus | 60 | | [[File:Potos flavus (22985770100).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Potos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 241 | [[:d:Q185401|Q185401]] | [[Panthera tigris balica]] | Panthera tigris balica | 60 | | [[File:BaronOscarVojnich3Nov1911Ti.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 242 | [[:d:Q30359|Q30359]] | [[Cynomys]] | Cynomys | 60 | | [[File:Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Eating.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Marmotini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 243 | [[:d:Q622880|Q622880]] | [[Alcelaphus buselaphus]] | Alcelaphus buselaphus | 60 | | [[File:Coke's Hartebeest, running.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Alcelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 244 | [[:d:Q207043|Q207043]] | [[Oryx gazella]] | Oryx gazella | 60 | | [[File:Gemsbok (Oryx gazella) female ... (50917402268).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 245 | [[:d:Q212185|Q212185]] | [[Apodemus sylvaticus]] | Apodemus sylvaticus | 60 | | [[File:Apodemus sylvaticus (Sardinia).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Apodemus]]<br/>[[Sylvaemus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 246 | [[:d:Q213889|Q213889]] | [[Symphalangus syndactylus]] | Symphalangus syndactylus | 60 | | [[File:Siamang 2014.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Symphalangus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 247 | [[:d:Q215887|Q215887]] | [[Odocoileus virginianus]] | Odocoileus virginianus | 60 | | [[File:White tailed doe odocoileus virginianus standing alertly in low brush and looking.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Odocoileus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 248 | [[:d:Q208112|Q208112]] | [[Litocranius walleri]] | Litocranius walleri | 60 | | [[File:Giraffe gazelle africa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Litocranius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 249 | [[:d:Q201808|Q201808]] | [[Balaenoptera acutorostrata]] | Balaenoptera acutorostrata | 60 | | [[File:Balaenoptera-acutorostrata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 250 | [[:d:Q27027|Q27027]] | [[Phocoena phocoena]] | Phocoena phocoena | 60 | | [[File:Daan Close Up.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phocoena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 251 | [[:d:Q191737|Q191737]] | [[Speothos venaticus]] | Speothos venaticus | 59 | | [[File:Bush dog.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Speothos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 252 | [[:d:Q309274|Q309274]] | [[Prionailurus rubiginosus]] | Prionailurus rubiginosus | 59 | | [[File:Rostkatze.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 253 | [[:d:Q188535|Q188535]] | [[Panthera tigris virgata]] | Panthera tigris virgata | 59 | | [[File:Panthera tigris virgata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 254 | [[:d:Q192967|Q192967]] | [[Panthera pardus orientalis]] | Panthera pardus orientalis | 59 | | [[File:Amur Leopard Panthera pardus orientalis Facing Forward 1761px.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[leopardo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 255 | [[:d:Q237260|Q237260]] | [[Ursus arctos middendorffi]] | Ursus arctos middendorffi | 59 | | [[File:2010-kodiak-bear-1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ursus arctos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 256 | [[:d:Q188957|Q188957]] | [[Canis simensis]] | Canis simensis | 59 | | [[File:Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis citernii) 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Canis (taxon)|Canis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 257 | [[:d:Q237157|Q237157]] | [[Platyrrhini]] | Platyrrhini | 59 | | [[File:BrownSpiderMonkey (edit2).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Simiiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 258 | [[:d:Q243339|Q243339]] | [[Pteromys volans]] | Pteromys volans | 59 | | [[File:Lendorava pabulad.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteromys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 259 | [[:d:Q192272|Q192272]] | [[Mammut]] | Mammut | 59 | | [[File:American mastodon with calf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Mammutidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 260 | [[:d:Q205329|Q205329]] | [[Inia geoffrensis]] | Inia geoffrensis | 59 | | [[File:Amazonas Flussdelfin Apure Orinoco Duisburg 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Inia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 261 | [[:d:Q271459|Q271459]] | [[Mustela sibirica]] | Mustela sibirica | 58 | | [[File:Mustela sibirica Russia5.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 262 | [[:d:Q70529|Q70529]] | [[Vormela peregusna]] | Vormela peregusna | 58 | | [[File:Marbled Polecat, Suzakskiy, Kazakhstan 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vormela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 263 | [[:d:Q215250|Q215250]] | [[Urocyon cinereoargenteus]] | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | 58 | | [[File:Gray fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Urocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 264 | [[:d:Q14592562|Q14592562]] | [[Bassaricyon neblina]] | Bassaricyon neblina | 58 | | [[File:Olinguito ZooKeys 324, solo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Bassaricyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 265 | [[:d:Q258244|Q258244]] | [[Ateles]] | Ateles | 58 | | [[File:Ateles fusciceps Colombia.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Atelinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 266 | [[:d:Q27016|Q27016]] | [[Arvicola amphibius]] | Arvicola amphibius | 58 | | [[File:Water.vole.arp.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[homotypic synonym]] | | [[Arvicola]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 267 | [[:d:Q658179|Q658179]] | [[Oryx]] | Oryx | 58 | | [[File:Oryx gazella (Chudop).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippotraginae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 268 | [[:d:Q208077|Q208077]] | [[Cricetus cricetus]] | Cricetus cricetus | 58 | | [[File:European hamster in Vienna.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cricetus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 269 | [[:d:Q193400|Q193400]] | [[Tragelaphus eurycerus]] | Tragelaphus eurycerus | 58 | | [[File:Bongo Burger Zoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tragelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 270 | [[:d:Q208140|Q208140]] | [[Equus africanus]] | Equus africanus | 58 | | [[File:African wild Ass.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 271 | [[:d:Q273331|Q273331]] | [[Orcaella brevirostris]] | Orcaella brevirostris | 58 | | [[File:Irrawaddy Dolphin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Orcaella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 272 | [[:d:Q203208|Q203208]] | [[Phoca hispida]] | Pusa hispida | 57 | | [[File:Phoca hispida.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 273 | [[:d:Q187484|Q187484]] | [[Hydrodamalis gigas]] | Hydrodamalis gigas | 57 | | [[File:Hydrodamalis gigas skeleton - Finnish Museum of Natural History - DSC04529.JPG|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Hydrodamalis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 274 | [[:d:Q83774|Q83774]] | [[Pteronura brasiliensis]] | Pteronura brasiliensis | 57 | | [[File:Giantotter.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteronura]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 275 | [[:d:Q232129|Q232129]] | [[Taxidea taxus]] | Taxidea taxus | 57 | | [[File:AmericanBadger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Taxidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 276 | [[:d:Q200848|Q200848]] | [[Panthera tigris amoyensis]] | Panthera tigris amoyensis | 57 | | [[File:2012 Suedchinesischer Tiger.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 277 | [[:d:Q203868|Q203868]] | [[Indri indri]] | Indri indri | 57 | | [[File:Indri indri 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Indri]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 278 | [[:d:Q328809|Q328809]] | [[gnu blau]] | Connochaetes taurinus | 57 | | [[File:Blue Wildebeest, Ngorongoro.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[gnu]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 279 | [[:d:Q194080|Q194080]] | [[Theropithecus gelada]] | Theropithecus gelada | 57 | | [[File:Southern gelada (Theropithecus gelada obscura) female with baby.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Theropithecus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 280 | [[:d:Q460977|Q460977]] | [[Gazella subgutturosa]] | Gazella subgutturosa | 57 | | [[File:Female goitered gazelle, Shirvan National Park, Azerbaijan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Gazella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 281 | [[:d:Q506308|Q506308]] | [[Rucervus duvaucelii]] | Rucervus duvaucelii | 57 | | [[File:Barasingha females.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rucervus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 282 | [[:d:Q275615|Q275615]] | [[Ourebia ourebi]] | Ourebia ourebi | 57 | | [[File:Sudan Oribi (Ourebia montana) female (18199933351).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ourebia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 283 | [[:d:Q599672|Q599672]] | [[Pongo pygmaeus]] | Pongo pygmaeus | 57 | | [[File:Nanga with male baby.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[endemic species]] | | [[Pongo (taxon)|Pongo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 284 | [[:d:Q311212|Q311212]] | [[Paraceratherium]] | Paraceratherium | 57 | | [[File:Indricotherium skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]]<br/>[[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Paraceratheriidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 285 | [[:d:Q203897|Q203897]] | [[Grampus griseus]] | Grampus griseus | 57 | | [[File:Rundkopfdelfin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Grampus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 286 | [[:d:Q1241332|Q1241332]] | [[Pteropus]] | Pteropus | 56 | | [[File:Bristol.zoo.livfruitbat.arp.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pteropodidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 287 | [[:d:Q242419|Q242419]] | [[numbat]] | Myrmecobius fasciatus | 56 | | [[File:Numbat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Myrmecobius]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 288 | [[:d:Q193182|Q193182]] | [[Tachyglossus aculeatus]] | Tachyglossus aculeatus | 56 | | [[File:Wild shortbeak echidna.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tachyglossus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 289 | [[:d:Q272933|Q272933]] | [[Vulpes chama]] | Vulpes chama | 56 | | [[File:Vulpes chama (Etosha).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 290 | [[:d:Q319070|Q319070]] | [[Vulpes ferrilata]] | Vulpes ferrilata | 56 | | [[File:Vulpes ferrilata.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 291 | [[:d:Q200442|Q200442]] | [[Canis lupus rufus]] | Canis lupus rufus | 56 | | [[File:07-03-23RedWolfAlbanyGAChehaw.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 292 | [[:d:Q685772|Q685772]] | [[Caviidae]] | Caviidae | 56 | | [[File:Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hystricognathi]]<br/>[[Cavioidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 293 | [[:d:Q192710|Q192710]] | [[Tapirus indicus]] | Tapirus indicus | 56 | | [[File:Malayan Tapir.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapirus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 294 | [[:d:Q301676|Q301676]] | [[Macaca fascicularis]] | Macaca fascicularis | 56 | | [[File:Macaca fascicularis, Ubud Monkey Forest, Bali, 20220822 1053 0059.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 295 | [[:d:Q234597|Q234597]] | [[Tragelaphus spekii]] | Tragelaphus spekii | 56 | | [[File:Sitatunga (1).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tragelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 296 | [[:d:Q216263|Q216263]] | [[Madoqua]] | Madoqua | 56 | | [[File:Dik-dik (male) -Tarangire National Park -Tanzania.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neotragini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 297 | [[:d:Q218792|Q218792]] | [[Pseudoryx nghetinhensis]] | Pseudoryx nghetinhensis | 56 | | [[File:Pseudoryx nghetinhensis.PNG|center|48px]] | [[taxon monotypic]] | | [[Pseudoryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 298 | [[:d:Q20962857|Q20962857]] | [[Homo naledi]] | Homo naledi | 56 | | [[File:Homo naledi skeletal specimens.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 299 | [[:d:Q210358|Q210358]] | [[Vespertilionidae]] | Vespertilionidae | 55 | | [[File:Abendsegler-drawing.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Microchiroptera]]<br/>[[Vespertilion|Chiroptera]]<br/>[[Vespertilionoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 300 | [[:d:Q9324400|Q9324400]] | [[Macroscelididae]] | Macroscelididae | 55 | | [[File:Elephantulus rupestris 57766063.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macroscelidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 301 | [[:d:Q4535|Q4535]] | [[Pusa sibirica]] | Pusa sibirica | 55 | | [[File:Из жизни байкальской нерпы близ Ушканьих островов 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pusa]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 302 | [[:d:Q244277|Q244277]] | [[Aonyx cinerea]] | Aonyx cinerea | 55 | | [[File:Small-clawed otter from Western Ghats.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Aonyx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 303 | [[:d:Q373558|Q373558]] | [[Lycalopex culpaeus]] | Lycalopex culpaeus | 55 | | [[File:Culpeo MC.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 304 | [[:d:Q200381|Q200381]] | [[Panthera tigris sondaica]] | Panthera tigris sondaica | 55 | | [[File:Panthera tigris sondaica 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[tigre]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 305 | [[:d:Q206930|Q206930]] | [[Catarrhini]] | Catarrhini | 55 | | [[File:Petit-cercopithecus-hamlyni.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Simiiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 306 | [[:d:Q81063|Q81063]] | [[Lepus americanus]] | Lepus americanus | 55 | | [[File:Lepus americanus 5459 cropped.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Poecilolagus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 307 | [[:d:Q216580|Q216580]] | [[bank vole]] | Myodes glareolus | 55 | | [[File:BankVole.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[red-backed vole]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 308 | [[:d:Q209516|Q209516]] | [[Micromys minutus]] | Micromys minutus | 55 | | [[File:Micromys minutus - British Wildlife Centre.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[animal]] | | [[Micromys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 309 | [[:d:Q272293|Q272293]] | [[Pantholops hodgsonii]] | Pantholops hodgsonii | 55 | | [[File:Atilope du Tibet.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pantholops]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 310 | [[:d:Q239381|Q239381]] | [[Hippotragus niger]] | Hippotragus niger | 55 | | [[File:Sable antelope (Hippotragus niger) adult male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 311 | [[:d:Q237267|Q237267]] | [[Kobus kob]] | Kobus kob | 55 | | [[File:Ugandan kob (Kobus kob thomasi) male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Kobus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 312 | [[:d:Q243727|Q243727]] | [[Microtus arvalis]] | Microtus arvalis | 55 | | [[File:Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Microtus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 313 | [[:d:Q322141|Q322141]] | [[Ammotragus lervia]] | Ammotragus lervia | 55 | | [[File:Two Barbary sheep.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ammotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 314 | [[:d:Q107685|Q107685]] | [[Australopithecus afarensis]] | Australopithecus afarensis | 55 | | [[File:Lucy Mexico.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | [[early human migrations]] | [[Australopithecus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 315 | [[:d:Q533451|Q533451]] | [[Muntiacus muntjak]] | Muntiacus muntjak | 55 | | [[File:Muntiacus muntjak 34068208 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Muntiacus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 316 | [[:d:Q192573|Q192573]] | [[Hydropotes inermis]] | Hydropotes inermis | 55 | | [[File:Hydropotes inermis male.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hydropotes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 317 | [[:d:Q310846|Q310846]] | [[Homo antecessor]] | Homo antecessor | 55 | | [[File:Homo antecessor.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | [[Hominini]] | [[Homo (taxon)|Homo]]<br/>[[Homo erectus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 318 | [[:d:Q190508|Q190508]] | [[Moschus moschiferus]] | Moschus moschiferus | 55 | | [[File:Moschus moschiferus in Plzen zoo (12.02.2011).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Moschus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 319 | [[:d:Q649306|Q649306]] | [[Herpestes ichneumon]] | Herpestes ichneumon | 54 | | [[File:Herpestes ichneumon Египетский мангуст, или фараонова крыса, или ихневмо́н.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Herpestes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 320 | [[:d:Q215343|Q215343]] | [[Mirounga leonina]] | Mirounga leonina | 54 | | [[File:0046 Tiere der Antarktis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mirounga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 321 | [[:d:Q217291|Q217291]] | [[Vulpes cana]] | Vulpes cana | 54 | | [[File:Blandford's fox 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 322 | [[:d:Q269871|Q269871]] | [[Neofelis]] | Neofelis | 54 | | [[File:Neofelis nebulosa.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pantherinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 323 | [[:d:Q205935|Q205935]] | [[Dusicyon australis]] | Dusicyon australis | 54 | | [[File:Falkland Island wolf, Dusicyon australis OMNZVT2369 !1pub (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Dusicyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 324 | [[:d:Q321376|Q321376]] | [[Cerdocyon thous]] | Cerdocyon thous | 54 | | [[File:Cerdocyon thous MG 9503.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cerdocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 325 | [[:d:Q274177|Q274177]] | [[Prionailurus planiceps]] | Prionailurus planiceps | 54 | | [[File:Flat-headed cat 1 Jim Sanderson 2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Prionailurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 326 | [[:d:Q215836|Q215836]] | [[Panthera tigris jacksoni]] | Panthera tigris jacksoni | 54 | | [[File:MalayanTiger.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[tigre]]<br/>[[Mainland Asian tiger]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 327 | [[:d:Q496689|Q496689]] | [[Aenocyon dirus]] | Aenocyon dirus | 54 | | [[File:Canis dirus Skeleton.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Aenocyon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 328 | [[:d:Q23340|Q23340]] | [[Tenrecidae]] | Tenrecidae | 54 | | [[File:Gewone tenrek 5.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tenrecomorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 329 | [[:d:Q369889|Q369889]] | [[Suncus etruscus]] | Suncus etruscus | 54 | | [[File:Suncus etruscus crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Suncus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 330 | [[:d:Q323847|Q323847]] | [[Procavia capensis]] | Procavia capensis | 54 | | [[File:Cape Dassie.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Procavia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 331 | [[:d:Q244770|Q244770]] | [[Gerbillinae]] | Gerbillinae | 54 | | [[File:Chibita gerbil 2002 10 04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Murides]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 332 | [[:d:Q60205|Q60205]] | [[Tarsius]] | Tarsius | 54 | | [[File:Tarsius spectrumgurskyae.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tarsiidae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 333 | [[:d:Q471785|Q471785]] | [[Hippotragus equinus]] | Hippotragus equinus | 54 | | [[File:Hippotragus equinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hippotragus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 334 | [[:d:Q237286|Q237286]] | [[Oryx leucoryx]] | Oryx leucoryx | 54 | | [[File:Oryx.jpeg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 335 | [[:d:Q207906|Q207906]] | [[Elaphurus davidianus]] | Elaphurus davidianus | 54 | | [[File:Elaphurus davidianus - 01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Elaphurus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 336 | [[:d:Q273580|Q273580]] | [[Tetracerus quadricornis]] | Tetracerus quadricornis | 54 | | [[File:Four-horned Antelope.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tetracerus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 337 | [[:d:Q233608|Q233608]] | [[Equus ferus ferus]] | Equus ferus ferus | 54 | | [[File:Kherson tarpan.jpg|center|48px]] | [[extinct taxon]] | | [[Equus ferus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 338 | [[:d:Q782603|Q782603]] | [[Balaenidae]] | Balaenidae | 54 | | [[File:Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cetacea]] | [[Balaenoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 339 | [[:d:Q40261|Q40261]] | [[Trichechus manatus]] | Trichechus manatus | 53 | | [[File:Manatee with calf.PD - colour corrected.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Trichechus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 340 | [[:d:Q210708|Q210708]] | [[Plecotus auritus]] | Plecotus auritus | 53 | | [[File:Plecotus auritus 2013-2 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Plecotus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 341 | [[:d:Q446882|Q446882]] | [[Lutra]] | Lutra | 53 | | [[File:Fischotter Lutra lutra1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lutrinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 342 | [[:d:Q209324|Q209324]] | [[Pagophilus groenlandicus]] | Pagophilus groenlandicus | 53 | | [[File:Harp Seal (Pagophilus groenlandicus), Greenland Sea IMG 5006.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pagophilus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 343 | [[:d:Q513081|Q513081]] | [[civetta de palma african]] | Nandinia binotata | 53 | specie de mammifero carnivore | [[File:Nandinia binotata, crop.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nandinia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 344 | [[:d:Q220248|Q220248]] | [[Martes flavigula]] | Martes flavigula | 53 | | [[File:Martes flavigula, yellow-throated marten.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]]<br/>[[Charronia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 345 | [[:d:Q584064|Q584064]] | [[Martes pennanti]] | Martes pennanti | 53 | | [[File:Fisher (animal).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 346 | [[:d:Q295994|Q295994]] | [[Vulpes rueppellii]] | Vulpes rueppellii | 53 | | [[File:Rüppell's fox.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 347 | [[:d:Q176901|Q176901]] | [[Pipistrellus pipistrellus]] | Pipistrellus pipistrellus | 53 | | [[File:Pipistrellus pipistrellus lateral.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pipistrellus (Pipistrellus)]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 348 | [[:d:Q37212|Q37212]] | [[Lemuriformes]] | Lemuriformes | 53 | | [[File:Indri Indri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Strepsirrhini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 349 | [[:d:Q748185|Q748185]] | [[Lepus capensis]] | Lepus capensis | 53 | | [[File:Cape Hare, near Prince Albert, Western Cape, South Africa - panoramio.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lepus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 350 | [[:d:Q1114471|Q1114471]] | [[Tarsiidae]] | Tarsiidae | 53 | | [[File:Tarsier Hugs Mossy Branch.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tarsiiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 351 | [[:d:Q286088|Q286088]] | [[Cavia]] | Cavia | 53 | | [[File:Wildmeerschweinchen-06.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Caviinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 352 | [[:d:Q204175|Q204175]] | [[Mesocricetus auratus]] | Mesocricetus auratus | 53 | | [[File:Golden hamster front 1.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Cricetinae]] | [[Mesocricetus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 353 | [[:d:Q329187|Q329187]] | [[Tamias sibiricus]] | Tamias sibiricus | 53 | | [[File:Streifenhoernchen.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[invasive species]] | | [[Eutamias]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 354 | [[:d:Q751636|Q751636]] | [[Papio cynocephalus]] | Papio cynocephalus | 53 | | [[File:Amboseli National Park, Kenya (53470637505).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Papio]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 355 | [[:d:Q221434|Q221434]] | [[Mandrillus leucophaeus]] | Mandrillus leucophaeus | 53 | | [[File:Drill Lincolnparkzoo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mandrillus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 356 | [[:d:Q494436|Q494436]] | [[Naemorhedus goral]] | Naemorhedus goral | 53 | | [[File:The Himalayan Ghoral.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Naemorhedus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 357 | [[:d:Q372169|Q372169]] | [[Axis porcinus]] | Axis porcinus | 53 | | [[File:Axis porcinus - Flickr - Lip Kee (1).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hyelaphus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 358 | [[:d:Q232558|Q232558]] | [[Babyrousa]] | Babyrousa | 53 | | [[File:Hirscheber1a.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Babyrousini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 359 | [[:d:Q543424|Q543424]] | [[Pongo abelii]] | Pongo abelii | 53 | | [[File:Orangutan 103.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[endemic species]] | | [[Pongo (taxon)|Pongo]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 360 | [[:d:Q221056|Q221056]] | [[Balaenoptera brydei]] | Balaenoptera brydei | 53 | | [[File:Balaenoptera brydei.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Balaenoptera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 361 | [[:d:Q215332|Q215332]] | [[Stenella coeruleoalba]] | Stenella coeruleoalba | 53 | | [[File:Stenella coeruleoalba.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Stenella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 362 | [[:d:Q193683|Q193683]] | [[Eubalaena glacialis]] | Eubalaena glacialis | 53 | | [[File:Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eubalaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 363 | [[:d:Q737413|Q737413]] | [[Rhinolophus ferrumequinum]] | Rhinolophus ferrumequinum | 52 | | [[File:Greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) Hrdovicka.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Rhinolophus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 364 | [[:d:Q626023|Q626023]] | [[Mirounga angustirostris]] | Mirounga angustirostris | 52 | | [[File:Elephant seals fighting.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mirounga]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 365 | [[:d:Q42592|Q42592]] | [[Prionailurus]] | Prionailurus | 52 | | [[File:Bengalkatze.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 366 | [[:d:Q270748|Q270748]] | [[Puma]] | Puma | 52 | | [[File:Puma - 49044464307.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[felinos]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 367 | [[:d:Q1383362|Q1383362]] | [[tigon]] | Panthera tigris × Panthera leo | 52 | | [[File:Tigon tiger x lion hybrid by artbyjrc df4918k.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[hybrid]] | [[Panthera hybrid]] | [[Panthera]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 368 | [[:d:Q275163|Q275163]] | [[Neofelis diardi]] | Neofelis diardi | 52 | | [[File:Borneo clouded leopard.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neofelis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 369 | [[:d:Q221094|Q221094]] | [[leon berbere]] | Panthera leo leo | 52 | | [[File:Barbary lion.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]]<br/>[[population]] | | [[leon]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 370 | [[:d:Q368623|Q368623]] | [[Lorisidae]] | Lorisidae | 52 | | [[File:Loris tardigradus tardigradus 001.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lorisiformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 371 | [[:d:Q271785|Q271785]] | [[Cheirogaleidae]] | Cheirogaleidae | 52 | | [[File:Microcebus myoxinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cheirogaleoidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 372 | [[:d:Q752467|Q752467]] | [[Manis crassicaudata]] | Manis crassicaudata | 52 | | [[File:IndianPangolin.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Manis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 373 | [[:d:Q269728|Q269728]] | [[Manis javanica]] | Manis javanica | 52 | | [[File:Pangolin borneo.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paramanis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 374 | [[:d:Q273565|Q273565]] | [[Kobus leche]] | Kobus leche | 52 | | [[File:Leaping Lechwe.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Kobus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 375 | [[:d:Q369817|Q369817]] | [[Oryx dammah]] | Oryx dammah | 52 | | [[File:Oryx Dammah.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Oryx]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 376 | [[:d:Q216871|Q216871]] | [[Apodemus flavicollis]] | Apodemus flavicollis | 52 | | [[File:Apodemus.flavicollis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Apodemus]]<br/>[[Sylvaemus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 377 | [[:d:Q271705|Q271705]] | [[Eudorcas thomsonii]] | Eudorcas thomsonii | 52 | | [[File:Eudorcas thomsonii 313407401 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eudorcas]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 378 | [[:d:Q312054|Q312054]] | [[Megaloceros giganteus]] | Megaloceros giganteus | 52 | | [[File:Megaloceros 1856.png|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Megaloceros]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 379 | [[:d:Q208132|Q208132]] | [[Pseudorca crassidens]] | Pseudorca crassidens | 52 | | [[File:False killer whale 890002.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pseudorca]] | [[Blackfish]] |- | style='text-align:right'| 380 | [[:d:Q244410|Q244410]] | [[Eubalaena australis]] | Eubalaena australis | 52 | | [[File:Southern right whale6.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eubalaena]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 381 | [[:d:Q244587|Q244587]] | [[Peramelemorphia]] | Peramelemorphia | 51 | | [[File:Taxidermied Bandicoot.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Australidelphia]]<br/>[[Marsupiales|Marsupialia]]<br/>[[Mammiferos]]<br/>[[Agreodontia]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 382 | [[:d:Q206538|Q206538]] | [[Myrmecophagidae]] | Myrmecophagidae | 51 | | [[File:Myresluger2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vermilingua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 383 | [[:d:Q322145|Q322145]] | [[Martes americana]] | Martes americana | 51 | | [[File:Marten bounding through the snow (512488bd-68e6-4b67-8e14-95657c022029).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Martes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 384 | [[:d:Q734351|Q734351]] | [[Viverricula indica]] | Viverricula indica | 51 | | [[File:Small Indian Civet (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverricula]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 385 | [[:d:Q216441|Q216441]] | [[Canis lupus arctos]] | Canis lupus arctos | 51 | | [[File:Arctic Wolf in Aulavik National Park 04 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[lupo gris]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 386 | [[:d:Q23351|Q23351]] | [[Chrysochloridae]] | Chrysochloridae | 51 | | [[File:NHM Chrysospalax trevelyani (cropped).JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Chrysochloridea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 387 | [[:d:Q58949|Q58949]] | [[Muroidea]] | Muroidea | 51 | | [[File:Feldmaus Microtus arvalis.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Rodentia]] | [[Myomorpha]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 388 | [[:d:Q1192405|Q1192405]] | [[Lemuroidea]] | Lemuroidea | 51 | | [[File:Indri Indri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lemuriformes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 389 | [[:d:Q244372|Q244372]] | [[Sorex minutus]] | Sorex minutus | 51 | | [[File:Sorex minutus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Sorex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 390 | [[:d:Q842283|Q842283]] | [[Manis pentadactyla]] | Manis pentadactyla | 51 | | [[File:Manis pentadactyla (29054818144).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Manis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 391 | [[:d:Q504247|Q504247]] | [[Alouatta]] | Alouatta | 51 | | [[File:Mantled howler monkey and baby (81337)2.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Alouattinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 392 | [[:d:Q339418|Q339418]] | [[Rattus exulans]] | Rattus exulans | 51 | | [[File:Pacific rat.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ratto]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 393 | [[:d:Q220271|Q220271]] | [[Tapirus terrestris]] | Tapirus terrestris | 51 | | [[File:Brazilian tapir zoo.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapirus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 394 | [[:d:Q208043|Q208043]] | [[Hylobates lar]] | Hylobates lar | 51 | | [[File:Hylobates lar - Kaeng Krachan WB.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Hylobates]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 395 | [[:d:Q465019|Q465019]] | [[Pseudois nayaur]] | Pseudois nayaur | 51 | | [[File:Bharal - Shreeram M V - Kibber, Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Pseudois]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 396 | [[:d:Q111463|Q111463]] | [[Paranthropus]] | Paranthropus | 51 | | [[File:Paranthropus-boisei-Nairobi.JPG|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Australopithecinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 397 | [[:d:Q189466|Q189466]] | [[Ovis canadensis]] | Ovis canadensis | 51 | | [[File:Big Horn Sheep.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ovis]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 398 | [[:d:Q239272|Q239272]] | [[Australopithecus africanus]] | Australopithecus africanus | 51 | | [[File:Mrs Ples Face.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Australopithecus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 399 | [[:d:Q328516|Q328516]] | [[Capra nubiana]] | Capra nubiana | 51 | | [[File:Israel. Nubian ibex (15625972648).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 400 | [[:d:Q754947|Q754947]] | [[Capra sibirica]] | Capra sibirica | 51 | | [[File:Siberian Ibex.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 401 | [[:d:Q501491|Q501491]] | [[Capreolus pygargus]] | Capreolus pygargus | 51 | | [[File:Siberian roe deer.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Capreolus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 402 | [[:d:Q3645260|Q3645260]] | [[Phacochoerus]] | Phacochoerus | 51 | | [[File:Desert Warthog, Samburu, Kenya 04.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Phacochoerini]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 403 | [[:d:Q498993|Q498993]] | [[Erinaceus]] | Erinaceus | 50 | | [[File:Erinaceus europeaus (DarkAn9el).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Erinaceinae]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 404 | [[:d:Q214287|Q214287]] | [[Cystophora cristata]] | Cystophora cristata | 50 | | [[File:2016-klappmützemuseumkoenig.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Cystophora]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 405 | [[:d:Q434197|Q434197]] | [[Mustela altaica]] | Mustela altaica | 50 | | [[File:Mountain Weasel (Mustela altaica).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Mustela]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 406 | [[:d:Q757265|Q757265]] | [[Viverra zibetha]] | Viverra zibetha | 50 | | [[File:Large Indian Civet, Viverra zibetha in Kaeng Krachan national park.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Viverra]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 407 | [[:d:Q214869|Q214869]] | [[Eptesicus serotinus]] | Eptesicus serotinus | 50 | | [[File:Eptesicus serotinus.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eptesicus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 408 | [[:d:Q626049|Q626049]] | [[Paguma larvata]] | Paguma larvata | 50 | | [[File:202309 Masked palm civet.svg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Paguma]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 409 | [[:d:Q148462|Q148462]] | [[Nasua nasua]] | Nasua nasua | 50 | | [[File:N. nasua, Duisburg (DE) -- 2023 -- 0219.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Nasua]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 410 | [[:d:Q832036|Q832036]] | [[Lycalopex gymnocercus]] | Lycalopex gymnocercus | 50 | specie de mammal | [[File:Leão baio.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Lycalopex]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 411 | [[:d:Q270098|Q270098]] | [[Macropus giganteus]] | Macropus giganteus | 50 | | [[File:Eastern grey kangaroo dec07 02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macropus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 412 | [[:d:Q745751|Q745751]] | [[Vulpes macrotis]] | Vulpes macrotis | 50 | | [[File:San Joaquin kit fox male.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Vulpes]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 413 | [[:d:Q175626|Q175626]] | [[Indridae]] | Indriidae | 50 | | [[File:Indri Indri.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[primate]]<br/>[[Lemuroidea]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 414 | [[:d:Q465986|Q465986]] | [[Neomys fodiens]] | Neomys fodiens | 50 | | [[File:Neomys fodiens TF 090829.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Neomys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 415 | [[:d:Q465786|Q465786]] | [[Eliomys quercinus]] | Eliomys quercinus | 50 | | [[File:Eliomys quercinus01.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Eliomys]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 416 | [[:d:Q244361|Q244361]] | [[Callithrix pygmaea]] | Callithrix pygmaea | 50 | | [[File:Dværgsilkeabe Callithrix pygmaea.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Callithrix]]<br/>[[Cebuella]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 417 | [[:d:Q276290|Q276290]] | [[Heterocephalus glaber]] | Heterocephalus glaber | 50 | | [[File:Nacktmull.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Heterocephalus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 418 | [[:d:Q223960|Q223960]] | [[Tapirus pinchaque]] | Tapirus pinchaque | 50 | | [[File:Mountain Tapir.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tapirus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 419 | [[:d:Q506518|Q506518]] | [[Macaca silenus]] | Macaca silenus | 50 | | [[File:Lion Tailed Macaque aggression.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Macaca]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 420 | [[:d:Q239032|Q239032]] | [[Tragelaphus angasii]] | Tragelaphus angasii | 50 | | [[File:Nyala (Tragelaphus angasii) female.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Tragelaphus]]<br/>[[Nyala]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 421 | [[:d:Q106565|Q106565]] | [[Ardipithecus]] | Ardipithecus | 50 | | [[File:Ardi.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon fossile]] | | [[Preanthropinae]]<br/>[[Australopithecine]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 422 | [[:d:Q221380|Q221380]] | [[Equus kiang]] | Equus kiang | 50 | | [[File:Equus kiang holdereri02.jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Equus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 423 | [[:d:Q591305|Q591305]] | [[Elephas maximus indicus]] | Elephas maximus indicus | 50 | | [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | [[Elephas maximus]] | [[Elephas maximus]] | |- | style='text-align:right'| 424 | [[:d:Q623173|Q623173]] | [[Ziphius cavirostris]] | Ziphius cavirostris | 50 | | [[File:Ziphius cavirostris 47619123 (cropped).jpg|center|48px]] | [[taxon]] | | [[Ziphius]] | |} ---- &sum; 424 items. {{Wikidata list end}} t5caz9hy8qext09l5951j2otogb9gz4 0 43057 699973 621879 2026-09-13T10:00:03Z Interlingvisto 60932 699973 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox}} Le '''pression sanguinee''' es le pression exercite per le sanguine circulante contra le parietes del vasos sanguinee, producite principalmente per le corde que pumpa sanguine trans le systema circulatori. In le uso medic quotidian, le termino se refere generalmente al pression in le arterias, le plus communmente mesurate in le arteria brachial del parte superior del bracio. Illo es exprimite como pression systolic super pression diastolic, mesurate in millimetros de mercurio (mmHg). Le pression sanguinee es un del principal signos vital utilisate pro evaluar le sanitate cardiovascular.<ref name="AHA">American Heart Association. ''Understanding Blood Pressure Readings''.</ref><ref name="WHO">World Health Organization. ''Hypertension''.</ref> == Mesuration e valores normal == Le pression systolic representa le pression arterial maxime durante un battimento cardiac, dum le pression diastolic es le pression minime inter le battimentos cardiac. Lor differentia numeric es appellate pression de pulso, e le pression medie passate trans le cyclo cardiac es cognoscite como pression arterial medie. Un valor de reposo communmente citate pro adultos es circa 120/80 mmHg, ben que le gammas normal varia secundo le etate, le methodo de mesuration e le directivas clinic.<ref name="AHA"/><ref name="ACC">Whelton, P. K. et al. (2018). ''2017 ACC/AHA Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults''. Hypertension, 71(6), e13–e115.</ref> Le pression sanguinee pote esser mesurate in un clinica, a casa o continuamente durante un periodo de 24 horas usante monitorisation ambulatori. Le mesurationes es affectate per le postura, le activitate physic, le stress emotional, le temperatura, le alimentos e bibitas, le medicamentos e le maladia. Le pression sanguinee seque etiam un rhythmo diari, generalmente cadente durante le somno e ascendente durante le horas de velia. Puisque le lecturas individual fluctua, mesurationes repetite o ambulatori pote provider un evalutation plus representative que un sol lectura.<ref name="NICE">National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). ''Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management'', NG136.</ref><ref name="USPSTF">U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. ''Screening for Hypertension in Adults''.</ref> == Physiologia e regulation == Le pression arterial depende principalmente del debito cardiac, del resistentia vascular systemic, del volumine de sanguine e del elasticitate o rigiditate del arterias. Le corpore adjusta continuamente iste factores pro mantener un fluxo de sanguine adequate al organos. A curte termino, le baroreceptores detege alterationes in le pression arterial e adjuta a regular le corde e le vasos sanguinee per medio del systema nervose autonomic e de mechanismos hormonal.<ref name="Guyton">Hall, J. E. ''Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology''. Elsevier.</ref> Le pression sanguinee differe secundo le etate e le stadio de disveloppamento. Le enfantes ha generalmente pressiones plus basse que le adultos, con gammas de referentia appropriate que depende in parte del etate e del statura. In le adultos, le pression systolic tende a augmentar con le etate, dum le pression diastolic frequentemente ascende plus tosto in le vita e pote declinar plus tarde. Le rigiditate arterial accrescite in adultos de etate avantiate contribue a un pression de pulso plus ample e pote ducer a hypertension systolic isolate.<ref name="AHA"/><ref name="ESH">Williams, B. et al. (2018). ''2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension''. European Heart Journal, 39(33), 3021–3104.</ref> == Altere formas de pression vascular == Ben que le pression sanguinee se refere normalmente al pression arterial systemic, le pression pote etiam esser mesurate in le circulationes venose e pulmonar. Le pressiones venose es multo plus basse que le pressiones arterial, dum le pression in le arteria pulmonar es normalmente de solmente circa 15 mmHg in reposo. Le pression aortic central, mesurate prope le radice del aorta, pote differer del pression mesurate in le arterias peripheric e pote provider informationes additional super le risco cardiovascular.<ref name="Guyton"/><ref name="ESC">Humbert, M. et al. ''2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension''. European Heart Journal, 43(38), 3618–3731.</ref> Le systema cardiovascular mantene etiam un pression residual mesmo quando le corde cessa de batter temporarimente. Un vice que le sanguine se ha redistribuite trans le circulation, le pression restante es appellate pression systemic medie o pression de plenamento circulatori medie. Iste differente mesurationes de pression es particularmente importante in le physiologia cardiovascular e in le curas medic intensive.<ref name="Guyton"/> == Pression sanguinee alte == Le hypertension occurre quando le pression arterial remane anormalmente alte. Le elevation persistente impone un stress mechanic additional sur le parietes arterial e augmenta le carga de travalio del corde. Con le tempore, le hypertension pote contribuir al maladia arterial e a damnos al organos, e illo es un factor de risco major pro accidente cerebrovascular, attacco cardiac, insufficientia cardiac, aneurismas e maladia renal chronic.<ref name="WHO"/><ref name="AHA"/> Differente organisationes medic utilisa limites e classificationes aliquanto differente pro le hypertension. Le directivas contemporanee distingue inter pression normal o non elevate, pression elevate e plure grados de hypertension. Elevationes sever, particularmente quando illos es accompagnate per damno acute a organos, pote constituer un emergentia medic. Le objectivos de pression sanguinee depende etiam del circumstantias del individuo e de su risco clinic, plus tosto que de un sol valor universal.<ref name="ACC"/><ref name="ESH"/> == Pression sanguinee basse e fluctuationes == Le [[hypotension]] se refere al pression sanguinee anormalmente basse. Il non ha un sol limite diagnostic universalmente acceptate, e le pression basse es generalmente considerate clinicamente importante quando illo produce symptomas tal como vertigine, debilitate o svenimento. Le hypotension sever pote compromitter le apporto de sanguine a organos vital e occurrer in conditiones tal como perdita major de sanguine, infection sever, volumine de sanguine reducite o insufficientia cardiac.<ref name="Mayo">Mayo Clinic. ''Low blood pressure (hypotension)''.</ref> Un condition connexe es le hypotension orthostatic, in le qual le pression sanguinee cade substantialmente post levarsi in pedes. Le gravitate causa que le sanguine se accumula in le membros inferior, reducente temporarimente le quantitate de sanguine que retorna al corde. Normalmente, le systema nervose autonomic e plure altere mechanismos compensa rapidemente per augmentar le activitate cardiac e constringer le vasos sanguinee. Quando le compensation fali, le fluxo de sanguine reducite al cerebro pote causar sturdimento o svenimento.<ref name="AHA-ortho">American Heart Association. ''Orthostatic Hypotension''.</ref><ref name="Merck">Merck Manual Professional Edition. ''Orthostatic Hypotension''.</ref> Le pression sanguinee pote etiam fluctuar substantialmente de momento a momento o durante periodos plus longe. Tal variabilitate pote reflecter responsas physiologic normal, sed patronos anormal pote esser associate con un risco cardiovascular accrescite. Consequentemente, comprender le pression sanguinee require considerar mesurationes repetite, le circumstantias in le quales illos esseva obtenite, e le sanitate general del persona, plus tosto que confider exclusivemente in un sol lectura.<ref name="NICE"/><ref name="USPSTF"/> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Pression arterial| ]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips de video]] [[Categoria:Physiologia cardiovascular]] [[Categoria:Mathematica in medicina]] pk7vx8x3hdqiu07oimy0drzsa1n91d6 0 43879 699954 699529 2026-09-13T02:16:45Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 10 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699954 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lorenzo meditativo 2006.jpg|thumb|right|Llorenç Vidal i Vidal in 2006]] '''Llorenç Vidal Vidal''' ([[26 de april]] [[1936]] in [[Santanyí]], [[Majorca]]) es un poeta, pedagogo e pacifista majorchino e [[espaniol]] e esseva in [[1964]] le fundator ''[[Die Scholar del Non-violentia e del Pace]] ([[DENIP]]),'' difundite internationalmente e celebrate sin interruption cata anno le [[30 de januario]], anniversario del morte del [[Mahatma Gandhi]]. == Obras plus importante == ===Pedagogia=== *''Fundamentación de una Pedagogía de la No-violencia y la Paz'' (1971) *''[https://denippaz.files.wordpress.com/2021/05/ideario-no-violento.pdf Ideario No-violento]'' (con le collaboration de Eulogio Díaz del Corral, 1981)) *''No-violencia y Escuela. El 'Día Escolar de la No-violencia y la Paz' como experiencia práctica de Educación Pacificadora'' (1985), etc. ===Poesia=== *''Insania Terrae'' (1962) *''Talaiot del vent'' (1965 y 1972) *[https://denippaz.files.wordpress.com/2019/09/primeres-poesies-1.pdf ''Primeres Poesies''] ([[2019]]) *[http://mirador.webcindario.com/estels_filants.pdf ''Estels filants''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181028230027/http://mirador.webcindario.com/estels_filants.pdf |date=2018-10-28 }} ([[1991]] / [[2018]]) *[http://mirador.webcindario.com/petits_poemes.pdf ''Petits poemes''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210152555/http://mirador.webcindario.com/petits_poemes.pdf |date=2019-02-10 }} ([[1999]] / [[2019]]) *[http://mirador.webcindario.com/destellos_espirituales.pdf ''Destellos Espirituales''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211092945/http://mirador.webcindario.com/destellos_espirituales.pdf |date=2019-12-11 }} ([[2012]] / [[2019]]) *''[https://denippaz.files.wordpress.com/2020/04/rosa_vientos.pdf La Rosa de los Vientos. Recopilación poética]'' [[(2020]]) *''Antología Poética'' (2012) *In prosa [https://denippaz.files.wordpress.com/2019/11/pls.pdf ''Petit llibre d'un solitari'' / ''Pequeño libro de un solitario''] (1968, 1974, 2019) *''[https://denippaz.wordpress.com/reflexiones/ Reflexiones & Silencios]'' == Links == * [https://denippaz.wordpress.com/llorenc-vidal-indice/ Llorenç Vidal, poeta, pedagogo y pacifista] * [http://denip.webcindario.com/vidal4.html Version digital de "Petit llibre d'un solitari" / "Pequeño libro de un solitario"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501161636/http://denip.webcindario.com/vidal4.html |date=2019-05-01 }} * [http://denip.webcindario.com/ideario.html Version digital de "Ideario No-violento" de Llorenç Vidal e Eulogio Díaz del Corral] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402053329/http://denip.webcindario.com/ideario.html |date=2019-04-02 }} * [http://denip.webcindario.com/articulos.html Llorenç Vidal: Artículos literarios, filosóficos y pedagógicos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501161638/http://denip.webcindario.com/articulos.html |date=2019-05-01 }} * [http://denip.webcindario.com/vidal.poesia.html Llorenç Vidal: Poesía, haikai, pensamiento] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402053734/http://denip.webcindario.com/vidal.poesia.html |date=2019-04-02 }} * [http://denip.webcindario.com/destellos.html Llorenç Vidal: Destellos espirituales (poesía mística), revista literaria Tántalo y edición on line] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501161656/http://denip.webcindario.com/destellos.html |date=2019-05-01 }} * [http://denip.webcindario.com/ Le web del DENIP] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190307000046/http://denip.webcindario.com/ |date=2019-03-07 }} * [https://denippaz.wordpress.com Mirador del DENIP] * [http://denip.webcindario.com/peace_nobel.html "¿Llorenç Vidal, un educador propuesto para el Nobel de la Paz?", por Eulogio Díaz del Corral] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501161728/http://denip.webcindario.com/peace_nobel.html |date=2019-05-01 }} * [http://denip.webcindario.com/santanyiner.html "En Llorenç Vidal i Vidal, poeta, educador i pacifista santanyiner" por Eulogio Díaz del Corral] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190501161717/http://denip.webcindario.com/santanyiner.html |date=2019-05-01 }} e95estju267tpdrac3t9xbw8mr5t1mo 0 44744 699910 693668 2026-09-12T20:40:39Z Interlingvisto 60932 699910 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Other uses|Mosella}} {{Infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Mosella''' (''la Moselle'' in francese) o le '''departimento de Mosella''' (''le département Moselle'') es un [[departimento de Francia]] in le region del [[Grande Est]]. {{Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese}} [[Categoria:Departimentos de Francia]] rk32pc7rpbj2o9nvbdth1nepb08x1cw 0 53405 699947 699864 2026-09-13T01:11:23Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699947 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso. ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio. ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de 66 700 annos retro.]] Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo". ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola. [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15&nbsp;km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es le plus grande [[tumba de corridor]] de Extremadura]] Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]]. [[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a.&nbsp;Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]] A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa. Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial. ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a.&nbsp;Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes. === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI&nbsp;a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]] Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman. === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]] Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I &nbsp;a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25&nbsp;a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30&nbsp;000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50&nbsp;000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]]. [[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III &nbsp;p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s. === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]] Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremaduran. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]] Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]]. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Martínez Díaz |nombre1=Gonzalo |título=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426 |obra=Anuario de historia del derecho español |fecha=1981 |fechaacceso=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]] De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet.unirioja_1"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11|url=http://www.casadellibro.com/libro-la-expulsion-de-los-judios-un-problema-europeo/9788434400252/1965755|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{Cita web |apellidos1=Asensio |nombre1=Manuel S. |título=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe |url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm |obra=Revista de Guadalupe |fecha=1907 |fechaacceso=3 de octobre de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm# |fechaarchivo=12 de julio de 2012 }}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]]. [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48&nbsp;789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |título=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I |url=http://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf |fecha=2008}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|date=2013|volume=69|number=1|pages=141-206|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior. ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]] Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]]. [[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]] Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates. In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80&nbsp;000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Le citates de [[Plasencia]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida]] e [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e le villas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Alcántara]] se univa pro comprar le dicte voto. Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815] — Universitate de Oxford.</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>[http://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ ''Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España'']. José María Queipo de Llano, 1835, pag. 64.</ref> In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida. ==== Seculo XX ==== Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremaduran]], e in [[extremadurano]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]]. Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremaduran|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran con le pugno levate (1936)]] Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800&nbsp;000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]]. [[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]] Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Aparato bibliografico para la historia de Extremadura|volume=1|page=183|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=HFJmAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA183&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Cuenta dada de su vida politica|volume=1|page=23|first=Manuel de|last=Godoy Alvarez de Faría Ríos Sánchez y Zarzosa (principe de la Paz)|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=1YYHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA23&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_ec=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia|volume=CLXXIV|number=2|year=1977|page=239|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=KyH18j3hvFgC&pg=PA239&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref name="books.google.es">{{cite book|title=Memorial ajustado del expediente de concordia que trata el honrado Concejo...|year=1783|page=107|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=__2GvGdFOEQC&pg=PA204&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, que comprehende la descripción|volume=2|year=1814|pages=364-365|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=_qxAAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA364&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Itinerario descriptivo de las provincias de España|first=Alexandre Louis Joseph|last=Laborde|year=1826|location=Valencia|pages=422 e ss.|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=xB6PBn7LaBwC&pg=PA422&dq=badajoz+capital+de+extremadura&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=badajoz%20capital%20de%20extremadura&f=false}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]]. Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura. Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information. ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato. Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]] Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]] Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de 400 000 personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref> [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]] In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region. == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. === Transporto === ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]]. ===== Autovias ===== Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> '''&nbsp;A-41&nbsp;'''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]] |} </center> Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA]</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924202124/http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 |date=2010-09-24 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923011108/http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=2010-09-23 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus. ===== Ferrovias ===== Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref> Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref> == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] fg7o54e5nr7wk7siu6g83ost9hs61bv 699985 699947 2026-09-13T11:06:05Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Historia */ 699985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de plus de 66 000 annos retro.]] Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Un del stencilos de mano de Maltravieso ha essite datate per le methodo uranio-torio a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos, lo que lo situa ante le arrivata de Homo sapiens in Europa e ha conducite al interpretation que le arte esseva create per Neandertales.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo". ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es un importante [[tumba de corridor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura]] Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]] A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]] Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]] Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I  a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> [[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III  p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]] Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremaduran. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]] Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ;Extremadura leonese Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]] De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]] Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> [[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]] Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremaduran]], e in [[extremadurano]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremaduran|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran con le pugno levate (1936)]] Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> [[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]] Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lege 7/2015, del 31 de martio, super le Statuto de Capitalitate del citate de Mérida|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura. Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information. ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato. Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]] Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]] Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de 400 000 personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref> [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]] In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region. == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. === Transporto === ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]]. ===== Autovias ===== Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> '''&nbsp;A-41&nbsp;'''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]] |} </center> Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA]</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924202124/http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 |date=2010-09-24 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923011108/http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=2010-09-23 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus. ===== Ferrovias ===== Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref> Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref> == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] mjbej8ldq39ltj3kahw4omgv4mknd15 699986 699985 2026-09-13T11:07:21Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Prehistoria */ 699986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.<ref name="Cerrillo">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de plus de 66 000 annos retro.]] Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Un del stencilos de mano de Maltravieso ha essite datate per le methodo uranio-torio a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos, lo que lo situa ante le arrivata de Homo sapiens in Europa e ha conducite al interpretation que le arte esseva create per Neandertales.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo". ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es un importante [[tumba de corridor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura]] Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]] A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.<ref name="Cerrillo"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]] Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]] Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I  a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> [[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III  p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]] Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremaduran. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]] Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ;Extremadura leonese Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]] De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]] Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> [[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]] Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremaduran]], e in [[extremadurano]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremaduran|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran con le pugno levate (1936)]] Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> [[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]] Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lege 7/2015, del 31 de martio, super le Statuto de Capitalitate del citate de Mérida|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura. Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information. ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato. Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria Ganadere de Zafra]] ]] Le major peso in le economia de Extremadura corresponde al sector de servicios (57 %). Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas es le base de un economia que es disveloppante un commercio incipiente con le terras vicin de Portugal e que mantene un alte grado de [[tertiarisation]], debite al auge que le turismo medioambiental e cultural produce in le areas rural, traditionalmente agricole, de su territorio. Le turismo constitueva a medie del decennio de 2010 circa 5 % del PIB del region.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Economicamente, illo ha essite considerate un del regiones le plus arretrate del pais.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in le region]] Extremadura gaude ancora hodie de un crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017 le PIB cresceva de 3,7 %, registrante le secunde melior taxa espaniol. Isto es sin dubita debite a un arretramento economic historic, ma nove possibilitates de mercato esserea in discoperta e disveloppate in le sectores [[Turismo in Extremadura|turistic]], del commercio e agroalimentari, principalmente. Un projecto pro installar un raffineria de petroleo in le sud del region originava un controversia a nivello regional. Secundo le datos de 2007, le region ha plus de 400 000 personas affiliate al [[Securitate Social|Securitate Social]].<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Cifra de affiliatos al Securitate Social in 2007].</ref> [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura, 2020]] In Extremadura existe circa 8000 industrias, le major parte essente parve e medie interprisas. Le subsectores principal es le energia, le agroindustria, le cortice, le petra ornamental, le machination e le textile. In materia energetic, le disveloppamento de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de saltos de aqua ha date loco a un exploitation stabile del ressources hydroelectric e a un production de energia superior al necessitates de consumo del proprie region. == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. === Transporto === ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]]. ===== Autovias ===== Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> '''&nbsp;A-41&nbsp;'''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]] |} </center> Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA]</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924202124/http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 |date=2010-09-24 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923011108/http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=2010-09-23 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus. ===== Ferrovias ===== Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref> Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref> == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 9wxehzmfigbbfavkuha3a13zv86rswi 699988 699986 2026-09-13T11:08:59Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Economia */ 699988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.<ref name="Cerrillo">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de plus de 66 000 annos retro.]] Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Un del stencilos de mano de Maltravieso ha essite datate per le methodo uranio-torio a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos, lo que lo situa ante le arrivata de Homo sapiens in Europa e ha conducite al interpretation que le arte esseva create per Neandertales.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo". ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es un importante [[tumba de corridor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura]] Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]] A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.<ref name="Cerrillo"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]] Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]] Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I  a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> [[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III  p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]] Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremaduran. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]] Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ;Extremadura leonese Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]] De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]] Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> [[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]] Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremaduran]], e in [[extremadurano]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremaduran|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran con le pugno levate (1936)]] Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> [[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]] Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lege 7/2015, del 31 de martio, super le Statuto de Capitalitate del citate de Mérida|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura. Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information. ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato. Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[liège]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. === Transporto === ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]]. ===== Autovias ===== Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> '''&nbsp;A-41&nbsp;'''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]] |} </center> Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA]</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924202124/http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 |date=2010-09-24 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923011108/http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=2010-09-23 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus. ===== Ferrovias ===== Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref> Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref> == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 03y5pyflsfygvsntswamiubx7ss0x7o 699989 699988 2026-09-13T11:10:10Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Economia */ 699989 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.<ref name="Cerrillo">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de plus de 66 000 annos retro.]] Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Un del stencilos de mano de Maltravieso ha essite datate per le methodo uranio-torio a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos, lo que lo situa ante le arrivata de Homo sapiens in Europa e ha conducite al interpretation que le arte esseva create per Neandertales.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo". ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es un importante [[tumba de corridor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura]] Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]] A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.<ref name="Cerrillo"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]] Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]] Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I  a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> [[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III  p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]] Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremaduran. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]] Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ;Extremadura leonese Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]] De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]] Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> [[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]] Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremaduran]], e in [[extremadurano]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremaduran|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran con le pugno levate (1936)]] Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> [[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]] Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lege 7/2015, del 31 de martio, super le Statuto de Capitalitate del citate de Mérida|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura. Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information. ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato. Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. === Transporto === ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|carreteras de Extremadura]] ha differente proprietarios. Il existe al minus quatro grande administrationes proprietarie de carreteras in le communitate autonome de Extremadura: le [[Ministerio de Fomento]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputation de Badajoz]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres|Deputation de Cáceres]]. ===== Autovias ===== Le autovias del Stato que passa per Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]]|| [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – * – [[Puertollano]] – [[A-41|<span style="background-color:#003399;color:white"> '''&nbsp;A-41&nbsp;'''</span>]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – * – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]], [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] - [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – * – [[Granada]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] - * - [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] - * - [[Zafra]] |} </center> Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition, il existe altere retes de carreteras gerite per le Municipalitates in le terminos municipal de lor competentia. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== In le transporto public del region, le [[Autobus|autobuses]] se distingue super qualcunque altere medio de transporto public. In le region opera plure interprisas pro le transporto de viagiatores de un localitate a un altere, tal como [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.leda.es/|title=Sito web de LEDA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=LEDA}}</ref> o [[CEVESA]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cevesa.es/|title=Sito web de CEVESA|access-date=2023-12-03|website=[www.cevesa.es](http://www.cevesa.es)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/local/extremadura/20190924/47620637082/la-empresa-alsa-empieza-a-prestar-este-lunes-nuevas-frecuencias-de-autobuses-en-20-municipios-extremenos.html|title=Le interprisa Alsa comencia a prestar iste lunedi nove frequentias de autobuses in 20 municipios extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2019-09-24|website=La Vanguardia}}</ref> In le principal citates, como [[Badajoz]],<ref>[http://www.gruporuiz.com/plantillas/badajoz/index.php Sito web de TUBASA]</ref> [[Cáceres]],<ref>[http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 Lineas de autobuses] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100924202124/http://sig.caceres.es/callejero/todaslineasbus.asp?resolucion=1024&ayto=1 |date=2010-09-24 }} — Municipalitate de Cáceres.</ref> [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]<ref>[http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte Transporte] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100923011108/http://www.merida.es/servicios/transporte |date=2010-09-23 }} — Municipalitate de Mérida.</ref> e [[Plasencia]],<ref>[http://www.plasencia.es/web/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1008&Itemid=666 Lineas de autobus] Municipalitate de Plasencia.</ref> existe lineas urban de autobus. ===== Ferrovias ===== Quanto al ferrovias, le citates de Extremadura non conta con retes de [[Metro (transporto)|metro]], [[train de cercanias]] ni [[tram]]. Le sol lineas de train es le lineas que uni le region con altere locos de Espania e [[Portugal]], que recentemente se trova in mal stato, ben que desde 2019 usque 2023 plure reformas ha essite effectuate pro meliorar iste infrastructuras.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hoy.es/v/20100829/regional/region-muerta-20100829.html|title=UN REGION IN VIA MORTE|access-date=2023-12-03|date=2010-08-29|website=Hoy.es}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://cadenaser.com/emisora/2019/10/04/radio_extremadura/1570203245_977891.html|title=Le traversas del seculo XIX dispare del vias extremeñ|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Pozo|first=Juan Ruiz|date=2019-10-04|website=Cadena SER}}</ref> Le obras pro le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|alte velocitate]] es in curso, con stationes in [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]], ma con un importante retardo in lor entrata in servicio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.adifaltavelocidad.es/l%C3%ADnea-madrid-extremadura-frontera-portuguesa|title=Linea Madrid - Extremadura - Frontiera Portugese|access-date=2023-12-03|website=Adif-Alta Velocidad}}</ref> Hodie Extremadura conta con plure trajectos de [[Regional (Renfe)|Regional]], [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]], in addition a tres frequentias quotidian per direction in [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] que uni Badajoz con Madrid.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2023-12-01/ave-extremadura-funcionamiento-trenes-alvia-electricos_3785206/|title=Le confusion eterne del 'AVE de Extremadura': sin novas del trains electrificate|access-date=2023-12-02|last=Chávarri|first=Inés P.|date=2023-12-01|website=elconfidencial.com}}</ref> Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station de train de Mérida]] ]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un [[Aeroporto de Badajoz|aeroporto]] in Badajoz, con volos verso [[Madrid]] e [[Barcelona]]. In estate, il ha etiam volos verso [[Insulas Baleares|Baleares]] e [[Canarias]]. In addition, le creation de un aerodromo in Cáceres es in curso.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/caceres-local/2023/07/17/aeroclub-caceres-tramita-abrir-aerodromo-89758485.html|title=Le Aeroclub de Cáceres ja tracta le apertura de un aerodromo pro solver un carentia chronic|access-date=2023-12-03|last=Barrantes|first=Lola Luceño|date=2023-07-17|website=El Periódico Extremadura}}</ref> == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] gjtr2tth54l68cwr3437uchuw9c0cq7 699993 699989 2026-09-13T11:19:28Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Transporto */ 699993 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.<ref name="Cerrillo">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de plus de 66 000 annos retro.]] Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Un del stencilos de mano de Maltravieso ha essite datate per le methodo uranio-torio a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos, lo que lo situa ante le arrivata de Homo sapiens in Europa e ha conducite al interpretation que le arte esseva create per Neandertales.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo". ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es un importante [[tumba de corridor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura]] Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]] A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.<ref name="Cerrillo"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]] Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]] Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I  a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> [[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III  p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]] Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremaduran. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]] Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ;Extremadura leonese Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]] De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]] Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> [[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]] Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremaduran]], e in [[extremadurano]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremaduran|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran con le pugno levate (1936)]] Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> [[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]] Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lege 7/2015, del 31 de martio, super le Statuto de Capitalitate del citate de Mérida|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura. Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information. ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato. Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] tnl8ah7dszm0t4550nmtzeo0qz7axoz 699994 699993 2026-09-13T11:25:25Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Historia */ 699994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le occupation human del actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]], con numerosos utensiles lithicos trovate in le vallatas del [[Guadiana]], [[Tajo]] e lor affluentias. Le distribution del sitios archeologic indica que le cursos de aqua e le zonas con materia prime pro le fabrication de utensiles habeva un importantia particular pro le gruppos de chassatores e recollectores. Le evidentiis del Paleolithico Inferior e Medie es principalmente lithic, pois le conservation de restos human es multo plus rare.<ref name="Cerrillo">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos le plus ancian de habitation human in Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose sitios, frequentemente situate in terrazas fluvial o proxime a cursos de aqua, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, sovente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in altere materias. Inter le instrumentos characteristic se trova [[bifaciale|bifaces]], picos e divisores, associate al tradition technologic del [[Acheuliano]]. Le occupation del territorio non esseva uniforme. Le concentrationes le plus importante es associate al vallata del [[Guadiana]] circa [[Mérida]], al [[Zújar]] e al sectores del [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]]. Le sitios del Acheuliano es generalmente difficile a datar con precision, ma alcun sequencias del sector extremeño es attribuite al Pleistoceno medie.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Durante le [[Paleolithico medie]], le cultura [[Musteriense]] deveniva le principal tradition technologic recognoscibile in le region. Le instrumentos esseva generalmente plus standardisate e includeva [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas, fabricate secundo technicas que permitteva controlar melio le forma del fragmentos extrahite del nucleo lithic. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in diverse partes del territorio, frequentemente in relation con le vallatas fluvial, ma etiam in zonas plus elevate. Iste distribution suggere un exploitation plus ample del paisage e un adaptation al differente ambientes del region.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le Paleolithico superior es associate in Europa con le expansion de [[Homo sapiens]], ma le situation de Extremadura es particular a causa del arte rupestre de [[Caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le cavernes e abrigos del region conservava varie manifestationes del arte parietal prehistoric, inter illos manos in negativo e motivos geometric. Le datation del arte de Maltravieso ha modificate le interpretation del sito. In 2018, un studio publicate in ''Science'' datava le crosta calcitic super un stencil de mano a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste date es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in Iberia e es compatibile con le conclusion que le imagine esseva producite per [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]]. Le resultato face de Maltravieso un del sitios le plus importante pro le studio del origine del arte rupestre in Europa.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> ==== Neolithico ==== Le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human de Extremadura. Le agricultura e le allevamento se addeva progressivemente al chassa e al recollection, e le diffusion del ceramica facilitava le conservation e le preparation de productos. Le chronologia del prime communitates agricole in le region ha essite reviseva durante le ultime decennios, e le datos actual indica un apparition del agricultura plus ancian que le hypotheses traditional suggeriva.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], prope Mérida, es un grande sepulcro megalithic de Extremadura.]] Le sitios de [[Los Barruecos]], [[El Conejar]], [[El Conejar (caverna)|El Conejar]], [[Boquique]] e altere jacimentos aportava datos super iste transition. In Los Barruecos ha essite identificate evidentias de cultura de cereales datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr., un del testos plus ancian del agricultura cognoscite in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> A partir del V millennio a.Chr. le [[megalitismo]] se diffunde in grande parte del region. Extremadura possede numerose concentrationes de [[dolmen]]es, particularmente in le zonas de [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]]. Inter le monumentos plus importante se trova le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], un grande [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] situate al nord-est de Mérida.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le megalitismo continuava durante grande parte del III millennio a.Chr. e se insere in un paisage ubi le agricultura e le allevamento habeva un importantia crescente. Le diffusion de sepulturas megalithic, ceramica e instrumentos lithic demonstra le integration del territorio extremeño in le redes cultural del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le phase final del Neolithico es melio documentate in le vallata del Guadiana. Assentamentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]] monstrava communitates plus stabile, orientate verso le agricultura e le allevamento, e preparava le transition verso le [[Chalcolithico]].<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Chalcolithico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolithico]], a partir del III millennio a.Chr., le communitates del actual Extremadura sviluppava formas plus complexe de organisation social e economic. Le agricultura e le allevamento deveniva le base del subsistentia, durante que le exploitation del metalles, particularmente del [[cupro]], assumeva un importantia crescente. Un sito representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi le archeologia ha identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e posterior, con evidentias del transformationes economic e social del periodo.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un territorio de contact inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le archeologia monstra le evolution de assentamentos fortificate, le expansion del metallurgia e le intensification del relationes inter le communitates del interior e le regiones occidental e meridional del peninsula. In le periodo preroman, fontes antique e datos archeologic permitte identificar varie gruppos, inter illos le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Lor areas de habitation se superponeva parcialmente e cambiava secundo le periodo, assi que le limites ethnicos describite per le autores antique non corresponde necessariamente al frontieras moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> Le [[Vettones]] occupava un grande area del centro-occidente peninsular, includente partes del actual Cáceres e zonas vicin. Le [[Lusitanos]] habitava un territorio ample extendite inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal e esseva implicate in numerose conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Inter lor leaders le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui deveniva un symbolo del resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-oeste se trovava le [[Celtici]], qui manteneva relationes cultural e commercial con le regiones del Guadalquivir e del actual Portugal. Le situation geographic de Extremadura favoriva assi le contactos inter le diverse areas cultural del peninsula. === Extremadura roman === Le conquista roman del territorio extremaduran se disveloppava progressivemente durante le II e I seculos a.Chr. e esseva sequite per un profunde transformation del organisation territorial, del economia e del vita urban. Le territorio esseva integrate in le [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, sub [[Augusto]], le provincia de [[Lusitania]] esseva organisate con [[Emerita Augusta]] como capital. [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], construite in le seculo I a.Chr. e ulteriormente renovate.]] [[Mérida (Espania)|Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. pro veteranos del armea roman e deveniva le capital provincial de Lusitania. Le citate esseva dotate de un vaste ensemble monumental, con theatro, amphitheatro, circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere infrastructuras. Su position al bordo del [[Guadiana]] e al interseccion de importante vias terrestre favoriva su disveloppamento economic e administrative. Le construction de vias e pontes facilitava le integration del provincia con le restante del peninsula e con le altere partes del [[Imperio roman]]. Inter le obras plus celebre del epocha se trova le [[Ponte roman de Alcántara]], construite super le [[Tajo]] durante le regno de [[Traiano]], e le rete viari que includeva le [[Vía de la Plata]], un importante axe nord-sud del occidente peninsular. Le romanisation transformava profundemente le societate local. Le latino deveniva le lingua principal del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones, le derecto, le urbanismo e le formas de religion roman se diffundeva. Le processo esseva progressive e coexisteva durante un longe tempore con traditiones local. Durante le seculo III le crise del Imperio e le instabilitate politic affectava le citates del provincia. Le seculos IV e V videva altere transformationes, inter le qual le christianisation e le adaptation del citates al nove realitate del Imperio tarde. In le seculo V le territorio esseva incorporate al regnos establishate per differente populos germanic, inter illos le Suevos e postea le Visigothos. === Etate Media === Le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic comenciava in 711. Mérida esseva incorporate al nove dominio in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative de [[al-Andalus]]. Le territorio del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in diverse divisiones administrative e, durante le periodo del [[califato de Cordoba]], Mérida conservava un rolo important, ben que le centro politic regional se deslocava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], construite durante le periodo almohade.]] In 1031, post le cadita del [[Califato de Córdoba]], se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. Badajoz deveniva le principal centro politic del occidental al-Andalus, durante que numerose fortificationes e citates se disveloppava in le region. Del periodo islamic remane, inter altere monumentos, le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[Alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] e [[Alange]], e partes del fortification de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> A partir del seculo XII, le expansion del regnos christian del nord modifica progressivemente le equilibrio politic del region. Le [[Regno de Leon]] occupava grande parte del centro e occidental Extremadura, durante que le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava in le area nord-oriental. Le conquista esseva accompagnate per le establishmento de ordines militar, citates fortificate e nove formas de organisation territorial. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León]] conquistava [[Alcántara]], que deveniva posteriormente un del principales centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 le rege conquistava [[Cáceres]], e in 1230 [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233 un armea christian conquistava [[Trujillo]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Post le conquista, le territorio esseva repartite inter le monarchia, le nobilitate, le ecclesia e le ordines militar. Le Ordine de Alcántara, le Ordine de Santiago e le Ordine del Templo obteneva importante possessiones. Le nove colonisation christian conduceva al fundation e repopulation de numerosas villas e al transformation del paisage agrari. ==== Extremadura e le formation del territorio medieval ==== Le nomine ''Extremadura'' esseva empleate in le medioevo pro designar differente territorios de frontiera. Il non existeva un singule Extremadura correspondente al actual communitate autonome. In le area leonesa, le termino esseva empleate pro le territorios meridional del regno, durante que in Castilia ''Extremadura'' o ''Extremaduras'' poteva referer se a un area multo plus grande in le centro del peninsula. Le actual Extremadura esseva assi formate progressivemente per le interaction inter le territorios de Leon, Castilia e Portugal, le ordines militar e le diverse jurisdictones ecclesiastic e nobiliar. Iste historia explica in parte le complexitate del organisation territorial que characterisava le region durante le Etate Medie e le epocha moderne.<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== Durante le [[Basse Medievo]], le identitate territorial de Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente. Le integration politic del regnos de Leon e Castilia sub le [[Corona de Castilia]] facilitava le creation de institutiones e jurisdictones commun. Durante le seculos XIV e XV, Extremadura remaneva un territorio de frontiera inter Castilia e Portugal, con un societate in le qual coexisteva communitates christian, [[judaismo|judaic]] e [[islamic]]. Le fin del [[Reconquista]] e le politicas del monarchia catholic transformava iste situation, specialmente post 1492 con le expulsion del judeos e, plus tarde, le conversion forciate e expulsion del musulmanes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> In iste periodo se consolidava etiam le culto del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]], cuje sanctuario deveniva un del principales centros de peregrination del Castilia medieval.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]] in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]].]] Le seculo XVI esseva un periodo de forte transformation economic e social. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic verso America e Asia aperiva nove possibilitates de mobilitate pro le habitantes del region. Numerose personas originari de Extremadura partiva verso le America e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del nove territorios. Inter le figuras le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], associate al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]], [[Francisco Pizarro]], associate al conquista del [[Imperio inca]], e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], un del principales actores del conquista de [[Chile]]. Le migration extremeña verso America non se limitava al conquistadores: durante le seculos XVI e XVII, numerose emigrantes se establiva in citates e regiones del imperio espaniol.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Durante le seculo XVI, le territorio extremeñese esseva organisate in grande jurisdictones. [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] habeva un rolo administrative important e le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura. Altere territorios pertineva al provincias e jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]] e de altere institutiones ecclesiastic e nobiliar.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> In 1580, post le crise dynastic portugese, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva sub le mesme monarcha le coronas de Portugal e Castilia, ma conservava lor institutiones e leges distincte. Pro Extremadura, le nove situation accentuava su position de frontiera inter le duo monarchias. ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) habeva un profunde effecto super Extremadura. Le region deveniva un del principal teatros del guerra, con destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones e interruption del activitates agricole e commercial. Citates e villas proxime al frontiera esseva particular-mente affectate. Le pace con Portugal in 1668 non eliminava le character de frontiera del region. Extremadura remaneva militarmente strategic e continuava a esser exposte al conflictos inter le duo monarchias iberic. In 1653 le «provincia» de Extremadura obteneva derecto de representation in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] post le compra de un voto per initiative de [[Plasencia]]. Le operation costava 80 000 ducates e permitteva al territorio de haber representation distincte de Salamanca in le Cortes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=4 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714) produceva nove destructiones in Extremadura, specialmente in le zonas proxime al frontiera portugese. Le conflictos del seculo XVII e del initio del XVIII contribueva assi al persistente debilitate demographic e economic del region. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811.]] Le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814) aperiva un nove periodo de destruction e crise. A causa de su position inter Portugal e le centro del peninsula, Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de operationes militar inter le truppas francese, le armeas espaniol e le forces britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic del region. In 1809, per exemplo, le episcopo de Coria, [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], esseva occidite per le truppas francese in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> Le transformationes administrative del prime parte del seculo XIX preparava le organisation territorial moderne. Durante le occupation francese, le territorio esseva reorganisate in prefecturas. In 1822 le division provincial distingueva [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] e [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], division confirmate per le reforma territorial de 1833 promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]]. Le duo provincias deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura contemporanee.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Al initio del seculo XX, le societate extremeña remaneva largemente rural e characterisate per un forte concentration del proprietate agrari. Le question del terra deveniva un del problemas central del vita politic e social regional. Le [[regionalismo extremaduran]] se disveloppava in iste contexto, con figuras como le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] e con le uso literari del dialectos e varietates linguistique regional per autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in un contexto de grande tension social ante le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], milles de paisanos e jornalistas occupava terras in diverse partes del region pro reclamar le implementation del reforma agrari. Le movimento, cognoscite como le [[occupations de terras in Extremadura de 1936|occupation paisan del 25 de martio]], deveniva un del episodios plus importante del conflicto agrari extremeñese del periodo republicano.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Durante le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], Extremadura esseva rapidemente traversate per le forces del [[Ejército de África]] que avanzava verso Madrid. Le [[masacre de Badajoz]] del augusto 1936 deveniva un del episodios le plus grave del repression in le region. Le numero exacte de victimas es disputate inter le historicos, e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen de grande amplitude e affectava tanto le population civil como le prisioneros.<ref>{{cite web|title=Censo de población de 1930|publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|url=https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf}}</ref> Le dictatura de [[Francisco Franco]] esseva sequite per profunde transformationes social. Le mechanisation del agricultura, le industrialisation concentrate in altere partes de Espania e le disparitate economic contribueva al [[exodo rural]]. Inter le decennios 1950 e 1970, un grande numero de habitantes de Extremadura emigrava verso regiones industrialisate de Espania, specialmente [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basco]], e verso paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration modifica profundemente le demographia del region e contribueva al declino de numerose zonas rural.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> In le ultime decennios del dictatura, le reclamationes super le agricultura, le developpamento regional e le distribution del recursos deveniva importante elementos del vita politic extremeñese. Le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]], finalemente paralysate definitivamente per le Lege 40/1994, deveniva ulteriormente un del symbolos del mobilization regional. Con le transition democratic, Extremadura comenciava a establir su nove organisation politic. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]], approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] como Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario, constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e definiva le territorio como le duo provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Le Statuto fixava tamben [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le prime electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura occurreva in 1983 e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. In 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986 le citate de [[Cáceres]] esseva inscribite per le [[UNESCO]] in le lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Durante le initio del seculo XXI, le evolution de Extremadura esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le continuation del problemas demographic legate al envejecimento e al depopulation de certe zonas rural. Le evolution politic del communitate esseva characterisate per le alternantia inter le principal partidos espaniol e per le consolidation del institutiones autonome. Le administration regional assumeva competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura, in le quadro del Statuto de Autonomia e de su successive reformas. In 2011, un reforma del Statuto actualisava le quadro institutional del communitate. Le capitalitate de Mérida esseva ulteriormente regulate per le [[Lege 7/2015 super le Statuto de Capitalitate de Mérida]], que reconosce le particular functiones del citate como sede del Assemblea, del Presidente e del Junta de Extremadura.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lege 7/2015, del 31 de martio, super le Statuto de Capitalitate del citate de Mérida|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le region continua a confrontar le effectos del emigration historic, con un population plus vetule que in multe altere partes de Espania, ma etiam ha experientiate nove processus de transformation economic, particularmente in le sectores del agricultura intensive, del energia renovabile, del turismo e del servicios. In le campo cultural e linguistic, le interesse pro le varietates traditional del region ha crescite durante le ultime decennios. In 2018 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al recognition del patrimonio linguistic regional e al promotion del varietates como [[Estremeñu]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] kqflf6ga5u8lasd7sz0cutnd0b0ij1c 699995 699994 2026-09-13T11:26:26Z Interlingvisto 60932 Disface le version [[Special:Diff/699994|699994]] per [[Special:Contributions/Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[User talk:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 699995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in Extremadura initiava quando gruppos de chassatores travessava le cuencas del rios le plus importante pro trovar medios de supravivientia, durante le Paleolithico inferior e medie. Il ha multe restos de iste periodos como petras de chassatores sculptate in petra que corresponde al periodo acheniense e musteriense. Anque le restos del epocha de homo sapiens sapiens es bastante limitate, alcunes de illos es de grande qualitate e interesse, como le trovatos in le caverna de Maltravieso.<ref name="Cerrillo">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presencia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura date del periodo de Paleolithico Inferior. In le depositos — in lor majoritate superficial — un gran quantitate de utensiles tosc con un composition de cuarzita e, in minus grado, de granito ha essite trovate, ma non se ha trovate restos de cadaveres human. Le technica usate pro construer le utensiles consisteva in colpir le petra con un percutor de petra o corna usque a obtener filos, punctos, incisions, hachas, picos, etc. Le restos le plus ancian corresponde al phase medie del periodo acheulense, approximativemente 700 000 annos retro. Le depositos le plus ancian se trova presso ubi il ha petra adequate pro sculpir e construer utensiles, o juxta rivos e grandios affluentes. Le zonas con le plus grande concentration de depositos del periodo acheulense es circum le region de Merida in le fluve Guadiana, le fluve Zujar, le pantano de Valdecañas, le fluve Alagon, Jerte e El Sartalejo. Le utensiles le plus distaccate de iste epocha es le bifaz, le divisator e le pico trihedric.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Poc restos ha essite trovate in le region e tote es del periodo Musteriense. Illos ha essite create con un technica in le qual le artefices calculava le dimension del instrumento ante de extraher un fragmento adequate del petra matrix pro le instrumento que illes voleva fabricar. Le utensiles le plus characteristic esseva le scraper, le denticulate e le punctas. Tote illos es minus pesante e minus grosse proque illos esseva construite con un technologia plus avantiate que illos del Paleolithico inferior. Le locationes ubi on ha trovate depositos del periodo musteriense corresponde al del periodo acheulense, isto es vicin al fluvios. Ma, restos ha essite trovate etiam in zonas basse e medie de sierras in Badajoz, lo que significa que iste habitantes ha habite un major capacitate de dispersion territorial, et anque un melior adaptation pro habitar certe locos e acquirer chassa, alimento e travalio.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso ha picturas de manos de plus de 66 000 annos retro.]] Durante iste periodo, le ''Homo sapiens sapiens'' —le homine actual— arriva de [[Africa]] hace circa 50 000 annos. Durante iste periodo se faceva le grabatos e picturas del caverna de Maltravieso, un sanctuario del arte del Cuaternario, e del minas de Castañar de Ibor, ambes de stylo Magdalenense. In Maltravieso on pote trovar le silhouetta de un cervo, plure triangulos e altere figuras geometric, ma supra toto, plus de trenta manos de negativo pictate, e le majoritate de illos sin le digito auricular. Un del stencilos de mano de Maltravieso ha essite datate per le methodo uranio-torio a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos, lo que lo situa ante le arrivata de Homo sapiens in Europa e ha conducite al interpretation que le arte esseva create per Neandertales.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Non se ha trovate restos que suggeri que iste area habeva essite habitate durante iste epocha, ma se ha trovate restos de epochas sequente, e pro toto isto se pote deducer que era un loco sacre, non de habitation. Le restos trovate se divide in tres tipos differente: le osse, le lithic, e le create con corna de animales. Il es notable le haches trovate in le sitio archeologic de "Cabezo de Galisteo". ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que multo pauc datos es cognoscite super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual region de Extremadura, le [[Neolithico]] videva le eclosion del phenomeno megalithico e de altere restos que apporta cognoscentias super alicun modificationes in le subsistentia del communitates human que habitava le region. Le plus importantes esseva le introduction del pecuaria e del agricultura, que se incorporava al activitates de chassa e recollection ja existente. In quanto al technologia, le incorporation le plus importante esseva le recipientes de ceramica que permitteva le immagazinage del excedentes agricola.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida e construite al fin del IV millennio a.Chr., es un importante [[tumba de corridor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura]] Le studios le plus recentes considera que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava in le transition del V al IV millennio a.Chr. Assi on superava le concepto de Neolithico Tardive que alcun autores habeva empleate, credente que le apparition del agricultura haberea essite multo plus tardive in iste zona de Espania. Le jacimentos le plus representatives del Neolithico Antique es le caverna de la Charneca in Oliva de Mérida, le collina de la Horca in Plasenzuela, le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, le caverna de El Conejar in Cáceres e Los Barruecos in Malpartida de Cáceres. De iste ultime jacimento procede le evidentias agricole le plus antique del region, que esseva datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le indicios de domestication animal es debile, sed on pote supponer que illo es contemporanee al introduction del agricultura. In iste jacimentos on ha trovate ceramica decorate, super toto le varietate cognoscite como «boquique», pro haber essite documentate pro le prime vice in iste caverna de [[Plasencia]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Ídolo oculado (16186809078).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Idolo de Extremadura]], del III millennio a. Chr. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]]]] A partir del Neolitico Medie, al comenciamento del quinte millennio a.Chr., se produceva le proliferation del megalitismo in le region. Il existe pauc assentamentos cognoscite de iste epocha, solmente alicun datos del jacimento de Los Barruecos. Le phenomeno megalithic es, in cambio, ben cognoscite, proque il existe grande concentrationes de dolmenes in diverse comarcas del region. Conjunctos de iste typo de sepulcros megalithic pote trovar se in Valencia de Alcántara, Cedillo, Santiago de Alcántara o Barcarrota, ultra altere exemplares isolate de grande interesse como le grande dolmen del prato de Lácara. Iste phenomeno habeva un grande perduration in le tempore, usque al initios del Etate del Bronzo. Le sepulturas de iste phase soleva characterisar se per le presentia de microlithos de silex, ceramicas lise e alicun idolos-placa.<ref name="Cerrillo"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico Final es melio cognoscite al ripas del Guadiana, con jacimentos como illos de Araya o El Lobo, al quales on poterea adder illo de Los Caños de Zafra. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava a partir de 3500 a.Chr. e stabiliva le bases pro le apparition del Chalcolithico, a partir del III millennio a.Chr. Iste vicos habeva un ver vocation agricole e pecuari. Lor situation, proxime a terras fertile, es sur collinas suave proxime a cursos de aqua. Le ceramicas se characterisa per esser practicamente lise, con scarse decorationes e formas simple. Le ceramica le plus indicative es le «cassola carenate», que appare correntemente in le jacimentos de tote le sud-west peninsular, demonstrante le integration de Extremadura intra un dynamica cultural commun characterisate per le incremento demographic e le consolidation, de plus in plus clar, del agricultura e del elevamento de bestial.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]] o Etate de Cupro, le communitates human prehistoric realisava avantias in le exploitation agropecuari del medio e se disveloppava le [[metallurgia]] con le initio del transformation del [[cupro]] verso le III millennio a. Chr. in Los Castillejos, prope [[Fuente de Cantos]]. Se produceva un disveloppamento del complexitate social tanto structural como ideologicamente: habeva inequalitate de rolos e de benes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Ch. [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]] ]] Entre le populos preroman le plus importante que habitava Extremadura se trovava le [[vettones]] (''Vettoni''), qui habitava le actual provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] (norte) e [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]], le provincia de [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] e parte de cella de [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Le [[Lusitania|lusitanos]] (''Lusitani'') (le plus archetypic de Extremadura), qui se extendeva per quasi le totalitate de le actual Extremadura e le centro de Portugal, populos de pastores dedicate al pillage e al guerra. Remarcabile esseva le leader lusitan [[Viriato]] e su resistentia ferree contra le romanos. Situate al sud, proxime al [[Guadalquivir]], se trovava le [[célticos|celticos]] (''Celtici''), un populo principalmente urban que offereva pauc resistentia al tropas roman.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|[[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e remodelate in le seculo IV p.Ch.]] Le terra del confederation lusitan viveva un romanisation complete e profunde. Le grado de romanisation attingite e le extension del provincia [[Hispania Ulterior|Ulterior]] consiliava un governamento a parte, de modo que se formava [[Lusitania]] como provincia independente in tempores de [[Augusto]] (seculo I  a.Chr.), le qual comprendeva un grande parte del actual Extremadura e del Portugal central. Se construeva numerose vias de communication ([[strata]]s), grande urbes, inter le quales se destacava [[Mérida (Espania)|Augusta Emerita]], fundate in 25 a.Chr., un citate multo significative in le [[Imperio roman]] e capital de Lusitania, un del provincias in le quales se divideva definitivemente le peninsula iberic. Un aspecto importantissime esseva le adoption del lingua del Imperio, base de tote le futur linguas romanic peninsular.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le capital del provincia de Lusitania, [[Augusta Emerita]], se converteva bentosto in un citate ric e culturalmente florente, que in nihil habeva a envidiar a le altere duo capitales de provincia hispanic, [[Tarraco]] e [[Corduba]]. Illa contava con un ample e curate rete de communicationes que la cruciava pro ligar la con le restante capitales de provincia e con altere citates; assi, le [[Vía de la Plata|Ruta del Argente]] univa [[Principato de Asturias|Asturias]] con Augusta Emerita e con [[Italica]]; altere rutas conduceva a Corduba, a [[Lisboa|Olisipo]] o a [[Coimbra|Conimbriga]] passante per le imponente [[ponte de Alcántara]]. Mérida canalisava le commercio e le vita del provincia verso [[Roma]], le nord de [[Africa]] e [[Grecia]]. Il ha no dubita que in le urbe se attingeva un alte grado de benesser, como demonstra le [[circo roman de Mérida]], capace de accollier 30 000 spectatores. Se estima que su population arrivava a superar 50 000 habitantes in le epocha roman, a tal puncto que le poeta [[Ausonio]] affirmava in le seculo IV p.Chr. que illo era le none citate le plus importante del Imperio roman, ante le proprie [[Atenas]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> [[Vespasiano]] faceva un altere passo in le [[Romanisation (acculturation)|romanisation]] al conceder le derecto de citatania roman a tote le habitantes del peninsula iberic, facilitante de iste modo que le hispanos poteva acceder a un cargo public. In le seculo III  p.Chr. le invasores [[barbaro]]s saccageava le provincia a su passo, lo que consiliava fortificar le citates; de iste tempore data le [[muralla]]s de Mérida, Coria e Cáceres. Le temite periculo arrivava finalmente in le seculo V, lassante le provincia abandonate e in ruinas. Le citate de [[Norba Caesarina]] se extingueva. Alteres, como [[Augustobriga]], [[Cáparra]] e [[Zalamea de la Serena|Iulipa]] cadeva in le oblivio, malgrado le facto que formidabile monumentos remaneva in pede. Lusitania esseva invadite primo per le [[alano]]s, postea per le [[Populo sueve|suevos]] e finalmente per le [[visigodo]]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]] (c. seculos VII-IX)]] Con le arrivo del [[sarraceno]]s, le [[Lusitania]] [[Populo visigodo|visigothic]] passava a esser un [[Cora (division territorial)|cora]] con capital in Mérida, un del plus extenses e potentes del peninsula, con un extension major al area actual del region extremaduran. Iste cora existeva usque al cadita del califato de Cordoba in le seculo XI, quando esseva constituite le [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno taifa de Badajoz]]. In Extremadura se conserva numerose vestigios del periodo [[musulman]], que se prolongava plus de 500 annos usque a 1248, como le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le prime del peninsula iberic, le restos del [[Castello de Alange|fortalessa de Alange]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]], le castello de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], e in [[Galisteo]] le murallas del epocha [[almohade]] erigite a base de petras de fluvio. In 1031 esseva create le regno taifa de Badajoz, successor geographicamente e in extension del cora de Mérida.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], seculo XII ]] Durante le periodo de la [[Reconquista]], le regnos de Portugal, Leon e Castilia conquistava territorios de lo que hodie es cognoscite como Extremadura. Le [[regno de Portugal]], sub le mandato del rege [[Alfonso I de Portugal]] e con le adjuta del guerriero [[Geraldo Sempavor]], disputava con le [[regno de Leon]] varie territorios del ancian [[Taifa de Badajoz|regno de taifas de Badajoz]]. Le parte occidental de iste regno musulman era reconquistate per Henrico de Borgonia, le qual recipeva le contato portucalense (Porto e terras circumjacente), con le titulo de «Conte de Portus Cale». Iste contato devenirea un regno independente annos postea e comenciaria su expansion verso le sud usque a attinger [[Faro (Portugal)|Faro]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ;Extremadura leonese Le [[regno de Leon]] reconquistava parte del territorio extremadurian. Le 17 de januario de 1213 [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]],<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> localitate que il converteva in le sede del «Ordine Militar de San Julian de Pereiro», posteriormente appellate [[Ordine de Alcántara]]. In 1229 Alfonso IX prendeva [[Cáceres]] post varie tentativas frustrate, como illo de [[Fernando II de León|Fernando II]] in 1169. Le 19 de martio de 1230 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Badajoz]] e plus tarde in ille anno il faceva le mesme con [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], civitate multo importante pro le monarchas leonese pro esser le sede episcopal de un episcopato visigoth, lo que lo ligava al ancian tradition ecclesiastic [[mozarabe]]. Le 25 de januario de 1233 un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava le villa de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] del [[almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Iste region del regno de Leon era cognoscite como ''Extremadura leonese'' desde le «Cortes de Benavente de 1202», que divideva le regno de Leon in quatro regiones: Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura (leonese). Desde 1230 Badajoz habeva, como capital de un ancian regno, [[fuero|foros]] e privilegios de un extense territorio, denominate tamben como «regno de Badajoz» in le intitulationes regal. In 1258 iste includeva le ''concejos'' de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Galisteo]], [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Montemayor]] e [[Salvatierra de Tormes]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], [[seculo XII]]]] De su parte, le [[regno de Castilia]] etiam avantiava in le reconquista e in le anno 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava le citate de [[Plasencia]] super un stabilimento anterior pro assi assecurar le possession de [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]] e del [[Valle del Jerte]]. Esseva stabilite le [[Via de la Plata]] como frontiera entre le regnos de Leon e Castilia. In iste regno existeva le region cognoscite como ''Extremadura'', ''Extremaduras'' o ''Extremaduras de Castilia'', que comprendeva un ample territorio, multo superior al actual, desde le [[río Ebro|fluvio Ebro]] usque al [[Sistema Central]]. Iste zona includeva quaranta [[Comunidad de villa y tierra|comunitates de villa e terra]], le [[vicaría|vicariatos]] de [[Señorío de la Vicaría de Serón|Serón]] e [[Monteagudo de las Vicarías|Monteagudo]] e le villas episcopal del mitras de [[Osma (Soria)|Osma]], [[Segovia]] e [[Ávila]]. In plus, pertineva al region le territorios del episcopatos de [[Ávila]], [[Segovia]], [[Sigüenza]] e [[Plasencia]] situate al sud del [[Sistema Central]].<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Con le union del regnos de [[Regno de Leon|Leon]] e [[Regno de Castilia|Castilia]] in le [[Corona de Castilia]], ambes regiones esseva unificate. In le Cortes de [[Toro (Espania)|Toro]] de 1371, Estremadura esseva recognoscite como region administrative, con le denomination de provincia de Estremadura desde le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. Il es de notar que durante iste epocha conviveva pacificamente le [[islam]], le [[judaismo]] e le [[christianismo]], appellate le tres culturas, usque le Reges Catholic, post le fin del [[Reconquista]] in 1492, decretava pro lor vasallos le conversion obligatori al christianismo de tote individuo judee o musulman o le expulsion de illes qui non acceptava le nove doctrina official.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> In le seculo XIV se habeva producite un facto relevante pro le religiositate del populo estremaduran: le [[apparition]] del [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos urban [[Evo Medie#Baja Edad Media (siglos XI al XV)|tardomedieval]] e [[Epocha Moderne|moderne]] le plus ben conservate de Europa]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Durante le seculo XVI se produceva un emigration massive de extremaduranos a America. Multi esseva homines in cerca de un fortuna e fama que Espania jam non poteva offerer post le cadita del [[Reino nazarí de Granada|Regno nazari de Granada]] in 1492, le mesme anno in que se discoperiva America. Inter le conquistadores del nove terras se destaccava varie extremaduranos, como [[Hernán Cortés]], conquistador de [[Mexico]]; [[Alonso Valiente]], secretario de Hernán Cortés, qui in plus contribueva al conquista de [[San Juan Bautista]] (Porto Rico), [[Nove Galicia]], [[Honduras]] e contribueva a discoperir le Canal Vetule de Bahama; [[Francisco Pizarro]] qui annexeva le territorios [[Imperio inca|inca]] al Monarchia Hispanic, [[Alonso de Mendoza]] qui participava in campanias con Pizarro e esseva commissionate pro fundar un citate con le nomine de Nuestra Señora de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia, [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistador de [[Paraguay]] e del zona sudest del actual [[Bolivia]], fundador de [[Santa Cruz de la Sierra]] in Bolivia, [[Diego García de Paredes (hijo)|Diego García de Paredes]], fundador de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] ([[Venezuela]]) e [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistador de [[Chile]], territorio initialmente baptisate como [[Capitanía General de Chile|Nove Extremadura]], de que le capital esseva [[Santiago de Nueva Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], presidite per le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]]]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva le unic capital del territorio extremadurano, que habeva secundo le censo de Pecheros de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], le 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilla|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] recognosceva in 1591 le [[Provincia de Trujillo (Cáceres)|provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias de Espania, al qual pertineva le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura. Le resto se trovava in le provincia de Salamanca e le provincia de León del Orden de Santiago. Iste provincia non contava con derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes de Castilia]] e dependeva a nivello administrative de illo de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> Un del evenimentos determinantes del historia moderne de Extremadura se produceva in 1580 con le union sub un mesme corona, illo de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]], del Imperios de Espania e Portugal, le duo superpotentias del epocha. Debite a su situation intermedia inter le capitales de ambe imperios, citates extremaduran como Badajoz viveva un epocha de splendor que serea truncate con le eclatamento del [[Guerra de Restauración portuguesa|Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640-1668), lo que representava le definitive separation de ambe regnos e marcava le decadentia de Extremadura in le seculos posterior.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766 (orientate con le nord a la dextera)]] Le guerra de 1640 esseva le initio de un succession tragic de guerras devastatrice pro Extremadura que non finiva usque al termination del [[guerras napoleónicas|guerras napoleonic]] al initio del seculo XIX. Le nominate [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] —''Guerra da Restauração'', in portugese— mantenite con Portugal desde 1640 usque a 1668, transformava Extremadura de un maniera determinante e marcava su destino usque a tempos multo recente. Le prepotentia del [[nobleza|nobilitate]] [[España|espaniol]] tractava [[Portugal]], su vaste imperio, su singular cultura e su importantia naval e commercial, como un territorio plus de un imperio de altere parte difficilemente guvernabile in multe aspectos, debite a su complexitate e extension, durante le periodo in que [[Portugal bajo la Casa de Austria|Portugal formava parte del Monarchia Hispanic]] —1580 a 1640—, desde le regno de [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] usque a illo de [[Felipe IV de España|Felipe IV]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> [[File:Catedral de Coria.JPG|thumb|left|[[Catedral de Coria]], con partes de stilo gothic, renascentista e baroque (seculos XV-XVIII)]] Le guerra con Portugal transformava le citates e le villages extremaduran de un maniera notabile, que suffreva un grande depopulation e le abandono de terras de labor. Le continue scaramucias in le frontiera e le stabilimento de soldatos in le populationes extremaduran durante quasi trenta annos provocava un crise que se accresceva post le fin del guerra, quando iste territorio deveniva de novo le «Extremadura». Un altere vice un territorio de frontiera, con un imperio multo potente como vicino e con un continue suspicion post le longe periodo de hostilitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653 se poneva al vendita duo votos in le [[Cortes de Castilla|Cortes]]. Un esseva comprate per [[Galicia]] e le altere, per initiativa del citate de Plasencia, serea comprate per Extremadura, pro un valor de 80 000 [[Ducado (moneda)|ducatos]].<ref>{{Cita web|apellidos1=Clemente Campos |nombre1=María Belén |título=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318 |obra=Notas para el estudio de las Cortes de Castilla en la Edad Moderna |fecha=1993 |fechaacceso=4 de octubre de 2016}}</ref> Non habeva passate trenta-cinque annos post le fin del guerra con Portugal quando Espania se videva implicate in le [[guerra de sucesión española|guerra de succession espaniol]] (1702-1713), lo que terminava de ruinar Extremadura, con le practica destruction de Badajoz per le manos austriac e illo del villages del valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. A effectos transfrontarieri, illo esseva un nove guerra con Portugal, lo que aperiva ancora plus le brecha que separa ambe paises. Un bon proba de isto es le destruction per parte del espanioles del [[puente de Ajuda|ponte de Ajuda]] in 1709, de que le ruinas ha essite durante seculos le expression material del dissension iberic. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912)]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808-1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de convulsiones e penurias pro esser situate in un crucevia strategic<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> pro le qual pugnava le truppas de occupation francese e le nationales, adjutate per le armea anglese sub le commando del [[Arthur Wellesley|duce de Wellington]]. Durante iste periodo, le guerra e le famines contribueva ancora plus al dispopulation del region. Como exemplo, durante le estate de 1809 occurreva in le localitate de [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]] le execution de [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], per le truppas francese sub le commando del [[Jean de Dieu Soult|mareschal Soult]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810, le franceses divideva le provincia brevemente in le prefecturas de Cáceres e Mérida, antecedentes del actual provincias. In 1822 occurreva le division definitive in [[provincia de Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz]]. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per le ministro [[Javier de Burgos]], fixava definitivemente le capitales provincial, non sin certe resistentias per parte de Plasencia e Mérida.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le pensator e medico [[Antonio Elviro]] es considerate le patre del [[regionalismo extremaduran]], e in [[extremadurano]] scribeva ovras [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936 occurreva le assi-nominate [[Rebellion paisan extremaduran|Rebellion paisan]] in le qual plus de 85 000 yunteros occupava pacificamente circa 250 000 hectareas de terra.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|author-link=Manuel Cañada|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|author-link=Francisco Espinosa|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> Quando in julio comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]], se duceva a cabo le [[masacre de Badajoz|massacre de Badajoz]] inter le 14 e le 15 de augusto, in le qual 4 000 personas, un 10% del population pacense,<ref>[http://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf Instituto National de Statistica: Censo de 1930]</ref> esseva assassinate in represalia pro illo per ordine del coronel [[Juan Yagüe]], popularmente cognoscite como ''le macellero de Badajoz''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130802212701/http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPyague.htm Spartacus Schoolnet: Biography Juan Yagüe]</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran con le pugno levate (1936)]] Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un altere hemorrhagia, le demographice, in le region, coincidente con le assi-nominate ''[[miraculo economic espaniol]]'' (1959-1973). Se calcula que plus de 800 000 personas abandonava Extremadura pro cercar un major prosperitate in altere regiones espaniol, como le [[Pais Basco]], le [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]] o [[Catalonia]], e in altere paises como [[Francia]], [[Germania]] o le [[Pais Basse]].<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> [[File:Puente de lusitania.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ponte Lusitania]], designate per [[Santiago Calatrava]], transversa le fluvio [[Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (España)|Mérida]] ]] Le 26 de februario de 1983 se promulgava le [[estatuto de autonomia de Extremadura]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/83 del 25 de februario, de modo que Extremadura se converteva in un communitate autonome. Su capital es [[Mérida]], recognoscite per le Estatuto de Autonomia e le Estatuto de Capitalitate como sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Lege 7/2015, del 31 de martio, super le Statuto de Capitalitate del citate de Mérida|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 se celebrava le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria per majoria absolute del [[PSOE]], que obteneva le 53,34 % del votos e 35 deputatos. Le 8 de junio de 1983 esseva nominate presidente del Junta de Extremadura [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], prime presidente del Executivo Autonomic. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 se celebrava le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]] post su designation institutional. Le 23 de novembre de 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva nominate citate Patrimonio del Humanitate per le [[Unesco]] e Tertie Conjuncto Monumental de Europa per le [[Consilio de Europa]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 26 de maio de 1991 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] con victoria del [[PSOE]] con 39 sedes. Le 31 de decembre de 1994 se declarava, mediante le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre, le paralisation definitive del projecto de construction del Central Nuclear de [[Valdecaballeros]]. Le reclamation citatan de iste paralisation es considerate como un del prime symbolos del identitate regional. Le 28 de maio de 1995 occurreva nove electiones al [[Asamblea de Extremadura|Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le PSOE, con 31 sedes, obteneva un majoria minoritari que le permitteva governar in solitario durante tote le legislatura. Le 25 de februario de 1998 se celebrava le debato de Politica General in le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le qual le presidente del Junta [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] lanciava su projecto de accorciar le via in le modello de disveloppamento e lansar se al conquesta del societate del information, annunciante le incorporation del computator in le aulas de schola como mesura strategic general. Le 21 de junio de 1999, al constituer se le Consilio de Governamento, se creava le Consilieria de Education, Scientia e Technologia, le prime con iste denomination in Espania, que assumeva le competentias de nove creation relative al Societate del Information. ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le 25 de maio de 2003 se celebrava electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], in le quales le [[PSOE]] ampliava su majoria absolute, obtenente 36 sedes. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida le «Plano Special de Dynamisation Economic e Employment pro Extremadura». Le 1 de decembre de 2005, post un pauc minus de un anno de travalios preparatori, se initiava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonomic de Extremadura, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], medios de communication de proprietate public que opta pro un modello de exploitation differente e que ha le menor budget, con enorme differentia, del panorama del entes public espaniol. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post vinti-tres annos como presidente del Junta de Extremadura, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava le decision de non presentar se novemente al electiones al Junta como candidato. Le 18 de agosto de 2018 se celebrava per le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=2025-09-26|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=2018-06-10|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] tnl8ah7dszm0t4550nmtzeo0qz7axoz 699996 699995 2026-09-13T11:27:38Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Historia */ 699996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le prehistoria human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es cognoscite desde le [[Paleolithico]], quando gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas del principales fluvios in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico es in grande parte utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de le presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technica de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materia prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zones con le plus grande concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], al area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere zonas del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human non se limitava a un singule ambiente, ma utilisava diverse partes del paisage secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e recursos biologic. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite per technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate que le utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus leve e plus diverse que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova le depositos acheulian, particular-mente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que indica un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere que le gruppos del Paleolithico medie habeva un capacitate importante de movemento e un adaptation a differente ambientes in le region.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] corresponde al periodo in que [[Homo sapiens]] se diffundeva in Europa, ma le evidentiis del arte rupestre de Extremadura ha apportate nove datos importante super le occupation human del region. Le [[Caverna de Maltravieso]], in [[Cáceres]], es particularmente importante. Le caverna contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de Homo sapiens in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite al interpretation que iste manifestation del arte esseva create per [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le caverna es assi un del sitios le plus importante pro le studio del prime arte rupestre in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le natura e le distribution de iste restos permitte reconstituir in parte le utilisation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le principal cambios concerneva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation generalisate del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios plus recente indica que le Neolithico in Extremadura comenciava durante le transition inter le V e le IV millennio a.Chr., e que certe manifestationes agricole es etiam plus ancian. Iste resultatos ha portate a abandonar le idea que le agricultura habeva arrivar multo plus tarde in le area occidental del peninsula Iberic.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Le plus ancian evidentias de agricultura del region procede de Los Barruecos e ha essite datate al fin del VI millennio a.Chr. Le evidentias pro le domestication de animales es plus debile, ben que lor introduction es generalmente associate al nove economia productiva. Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate inter le prime vices. A partir del Neolithico medie, circa le comenciamento del V millennio a.Chr., le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particularmente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e altere phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate social del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region sviluppava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con le regiones occidental, meridional e central del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord de le actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al west del peninsula, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-oeste se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del [[legion roman|legiones]] V Alaudae e X Gemina. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidente del Imperio roman. Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le nord del peninsula al area de Emerita Augusta e permetteva le communication con altere citates e portos. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un importante grado de prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un grande numero de spectatores e demonstra le importantia del vita public e del spectaculos in le citate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua principal del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee: traditiones local e nove formas roman coexisteva durante plure generationes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> Le seculo III esseva marcate per le crise politic e economic del Imperio. Le citates esseva fortificate e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. In Mérida, Cáceres e Coria ha essite identificate transformationes o fortificationes associate al periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva etiam un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva abandonate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate e transformate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], un edificio tardo-antique o altomedieval.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que variava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida e su territorio conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le castello e fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva plus tarde un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e posteriormente [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer al territorios meridional del regno. Le ''Cortes de Benavente'' de 1202 ha essite associate con un organisation territorial que distingueva Leon, Galicia, Asturias e Extremadura.<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1">{{cite web|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz, in particular, manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic. In documentos del seculo XIII le area esseva etiam associate al denomination de «regno de Badajoz».<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar un territorio multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. In le medioevo, le Extremaduras castilian poteva extender se desde le area del [[Ebro]] usque al Sistema Central e comprendeva numerose comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic.<ref name="dialnet_unirioja_1"/> Iste distinction es importante pro comprender le historia del nomine «Extremadura»: durante le Etate Medie, le termino non designava sempre le mesme territorio e non coincideva con le limites del communitate autonome create in le seculo XX. ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un unitate regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le evolution institutional esseva tamen complexe e le limites administrative cambiava secundo le periodo. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter christianismo, [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le fin del [[Reconquista]] e le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse de le regnos christian, e le musulmanes qui remaneva esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate e, in le seculo XVII, al expulsion del [[Moriscos|moriscos]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e religiositate in le Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=3 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], fundator de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Le lista includeva etiam numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes minus celebre. [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Desde 1528, [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]] esseva associate al organisation administrative del territorio extremeñese. Secundo le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], le territorio contava 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]], equivalente al 6,75 % del population del [[Corona de Castilia|Corona de Castilia]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del monarchia. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincia de Salamanca, al provincia de León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e dependiva administrative-mente de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruption del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, le territorio obteneva derecto de representation in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Un del votos esseva comprate per Galicia e le altere, per initiative de [[Plasencia]], esseva acquirite per le «provincia» de Extremadura pro 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Le acquisition permetteva al territorio de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=4 de octobre de 2016}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Le succession de conflictos inter le seculos XVII e XVIII contribueva al debilitate economic de varie partes del region. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios le plus note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establishate in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del forte conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], circa 60 000–80 000 paisanos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Le actiones, dirigite principalmente per jornaleros e campesinos, reclamava le application del reforma agrari e le redistribution de terras. Le movimento del 25 de martio deveniva un del episodios le plus importante del conflicto agrari del periodo.<ref>{{cite book|last=Cañada|first=Manuel|title=Otra Extremadura. Materiales para una historia alternativa de Extremadura|date=2020|page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020|page=51}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es disputate per le historicos e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de población de 1930|url=https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/pdfDispacher.do?td=98477&ext=.pdf}}</ref> Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribueva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva stabilite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, [[Cáceres]] esseva inscribite per le [[UNESCO]] in le lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Historia de Extremadura|publisher=Junta de Extremadura|url=https://www.juntaex.es/nuestra-historia|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le persistente effortios pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] eltj3b19px0btgxzjzf81w3iaa7cw1i 699997 699996 2026-09-13T11:31:06Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Historia */ 699997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de 41 633 km², lo que la situa como le quinte communitate autonome de Espania per superficie. Su duo provincias es le plus grande per superficie in Espania. Illa limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]); al est, con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]) e al west, con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura divide su territorio inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le de [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] (Cáceres) e le de [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] (Badajoz), e tres cadenas montaniose parallel: le [[systema Central]], le [[montes de Toledo]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. In le major parte del region emerge le zoclo [[paleozoic]], ben que il existe depressiones interior plus o minus grande que accumula argillas e arenas del [[Era Tertiari|Tertiari]]. Le omnipresentia del [[granito]] e del [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] obliga le rios a incastrar se profundemente in le terreno. Le serras interior ha un character nettemente [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], que es le typo de relievo predominante in le montanias de Extremadura. Malgrado le apparente homogeneitate de su geographia, Extremadura possede un grande varietate ecologic. Le elevationes le plus alte se trova in le systema Central: [[Covacha|La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), tote illos in le valle del Jerte, Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m), Mesas Altas (2070 m) e Peña Negra (1637 m). In le [[montes de Toledo]] de [[Las Villuercas]] se attinge 1601 m con le [[pic Villuercas]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo en [[Magacela]] ]] Le major parte del roccas del [[systema Central]] se formava durante le [[Carbonifero]], in le seno de un ancian [[orogenia]], le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca o hercinica]], posteriormente dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Le relievo actual corresponde al [[orogenia alpine]].<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.: Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández Ganotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A. y Tejero, R |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1-17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> Il se tracta de un conjunto de [[Falla (geología)|fallas]] e blocos elevate e hundite. In Extremadura se developpa le serras e valles del versante sudoccidental: [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Montes de Tras la Sierra]]-Valle del Jerte, La Vera e le depression del Tajo, con le valles del Tiétar, Alagón e Arrago. In iste conjunto nos distingue cinque paisages con un personalitate proprie: Gata, desde le sierra de Malvana al frontiera con Portugal usque a Las Hurdes. [[Las Hurdes]], inter Puerto Viejo e le Alagón. Le [[Vegas del Alagón|Alagón]], inter Riomalo e le Puerto de Baños. Le [[valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Candelario]] e le sierra de Tormantos-Gredos. [[La Vera]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], es le versante sud del [[sierra de Gredos]]. Super le valle del Tajo se trova un serie de bacinos sedimentari, topographicamente plus deprimite que le penillanura e recoperite de sedimentos apportate per le rios del region. Le plus occidental es le de le vega de Moraleja, al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e irrigate per le fluvio Arrago al altezza del embalse de Borbollón. Le vega de Coria-Galisteo se trova in continuation, super le [[fluvio Alagón]]. Vers le nord-est se trova le vegas de Granadilla, hodie occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]]. Finalmente se trova le bacino del [[Fluvio Tiétar|valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]], le plus grande, limitate per le escalon de [[La Vera]] e le Tajo ipse, al sud de Gredos. In le centro del region appare le penillanura, le zoclo paleozoic que es le supporto de tote le relievo. Il se tracta de un region plan, dolcemente undulate, ma con le rios profundemente incastrate. In le penillanura central nos distingue duo sectores: le Llanos del Salor, al west super le curso del Tajo, e le Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo in le centro, al sinistra del Tajo. Appare tote le typos de formas de relievo super roccas metamorphic: berrocales, bolos, turres, roccas caballeras, tors, dorso de balena, etc. [[File:Dehesa riachuelo.jpg|thumb|Fluvietto traversante le dehesa]] [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]] ]] Le Sierras Central extremaduran es, in realitate, le plus occidental spurs del [[montes de Toledo]]. Illos servi como divisoria inter le Tajo e le Guadiana. Il se tracta de ancian plicas que esseva recoperite per sedimentos e plus tarde exhumate de novo, per lo que illos forma un typic [[relievo apalachense]]. Nos distingue tres conjuntos: Las Villuercas, Montánchez e San Pedro. Las Villuercas es formate de un serie de serras de direction nord-west–sud-est que arriva usque a [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] in le Tajo. Su limite oriental es le [[sierra de Altamira]], que servi como frontiera con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]]. Montánchez se trova in le centro del region inter le serras de Guadalupe e San Pedro. Le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental. Illa es formate de un multitude de parve serras parallel de altitudes similar. Montánchez e San Pedro ha un direction general de est a west. Super le valle del Guadiana se trova un serie de depressiones recoperite de sedimentos, ma que ha plus grande continuitate e extension que in le Tajo. Le Vegas del Guadiana, circa Mérida, in le quales on distingue le Vega Alta, circa [[Don Benito]], e le Vega Baja, inter [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Vers [[Portugal]] appare de novo le penillanura, le Guadiana adopta un direction nord-sud e le vegas se prolonga per le Llanos de [[Olivenza]]. Le penillanura recovra de novo importantia in le sud del region. Illa torna a esser un region plan, dolcemente undulate ma con le rios profundemente incastrate, con parve depressiones colmate de argillas e arenas, e parve serras de typo apalachense. On distingue tres comarcas: [[Tierra de Barros]], un sector levemente deprimite recoperite de argillas circa [[Almendralejo]]; [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], un large [[glacis]] que pone in contacto le penillanura extremaduran con le manchegan e le [[valle de Alcudia]]; e Sierra Morena, un flexion del penillanura que da passage al valle del Guadalquivir, ubi se destaca multiple serras de basse altitude. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per le localitate [[Provincia de Cáceres|caceresana]] de [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Extremadura divide su aquas inter duo grande bacinos hydrographic, le del Tajo e le del Guadiana, e se structura circa duo rios que nasce extra le region. Tote le rios extremaduran es rios mediterranee con un forte [[estiaje]] in le estate, un maxime in le primavera, un maxime secundari in le autumno e un minimo secundari in le hiberno. Illos es rios de [[alimentación pluvionival|alimentation pluvionival]]. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile del rios extremaduran es que, lungo le major parte de lor curso, il se trova numerose reservoirs. Frequentemente le cola de un se trova a poc distantia del presa de un altere. Illos es reservoirs tanto pro irrigation como pro production hydroelectric. Le canales pro irrigation es multo moderne, pois que le majoritate appare durante le annos del implementation del [[Plan Badajoz]]. Extremadura non es terra de [[lago]]s; le pauc que existe es de character [[endorreic]] e multo parve. Tamen, in le numerose [[dehesa]]s de Extremadura existe innumerabile charcas artificial, que forma zonas humide plus o minus grande, excavate in varie partes del dehesa pro retener le aqua del pluvia, e que hodie ha devenite zonas humide de importantia. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le serras del [[systema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]], ubi Extremadura attinge su altitude maxime in le [[Calvitero]] con 2405 m, e le [[sierra de Gata]], que la separa del altipiano nord castellano. In le centro se trova, de est a west, le [[sierra de las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]], que face parte del [[montes de Toledo]]. Al sud se eleva [[Sierra Morena]], que separa Extremadura de Andalusia. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|fluvio Tajo]] es le que structura Cáceres. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in [[Lisboa]]. Il entra in Cáceres post haber passate per [[El Puente del Arzobispo]] e forma le frontiera inter le provincias de Toledo e Cáceres usque al cola del [[reservoir de Valdecañas]]. Le fluvio se incastra profundemente in le penillanura, lo que facilita le construction de reservoirs. Actualmente, desde que il entra in Extremadura, illo es praticamente retenite per reservoirs usque a [[Alcántara]]. A causa de iste profunde incastramento, grande populationes non se ha installate sur su riberas, le plus emblematic essente le villa de [[Alcántara]]. A valle il face le frontiera con Portugal e abandona definitivamente Espania post le reservoir de [[Cedillo]]. In Extremadura le Tajo recipe alcun de su principal tributarios. Le principal tributarios dextre es: * Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|fluvio Tiétar]], que nasce in le spurs occidental del [[sierra de Gredos]], al west de Peña Cenicientos (Ávila-Madrid). Il entra profundemente incastrate in Cáceres post le reservoir de Rosarito e recipe le aquas de [[La Vera]] e del [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il se tracta de multiple tributarios, tanto a dextra como a sinistra, sur le margines del qual se trova le principal populationes. Il desemboca in le Tajo, versante le aquas in le cola del [[reservoir de Alcántara]], poc plus a valle del presa de Torrejón, in le [[parque national de Monfragüe]]. * Le [[Fluvio Alagón|fluvio Alagón]] nasce in le sierra de Herreros, in le medio del penillanura [[Provincia de Salamanca|salmantina]], tributari del [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]]. Su principal tributarios ha etiam lor fontes in territorios prendite al Duero. Il entra in Extremadura multo incastrate per [[Las Hurdes]] e continua assi usque a [[Coria]], in [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Il desemboca in le Tajo multo proxime al [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Il ha importante tributarios: a dextra le fluvio Hurdano, le [[Fluvio Los Ángeles|fluvio Los Ángeles]] e le fluvio Arrago; e a sinistra le fluvio Caparra e le [[Fluvio Jerte|fluvio Jerte]], un fluvio que surprende per su tracé rectilinear inter [[Plasencia]] e le Puerto de [[Tornavacas]], que da passage a [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]]. Le principal tributarios sinistre es de multo minor importantia, pois que illos nasce in le Sierras Central extremaduran. Le principal es le fluvio Gualija, le [[Fluvio Ibor|fluvio Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|fluvio Almonte]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|fluvio Salor]]. De tote illos solmente le Almonte ha un bacino hydrographic de alcun importantia. Il recipe le aquas del [[Tierras de Cáceres]] e recipe a sinistra tributarios como le fluvio Tozo e le fluvio Tamuja. Il se tracta de un fluvio incastrate in le penillanura. Le [[reservoir de Alcántara]] exerce su influentia usque a su curso medie. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] es le que structura Badajoz. Il nasce in le fontes de [[Aldea de Pinilla|Pinilla]], in [[Provincia de Albacete|Albacete]], e desemboca in un grande estuario in [[Ayamonte]], in le provincia de Huelva, formante le frontiera con Portugal. Il entra in Badajoz per le Estrecho de las Hoces, in le sierra de La Umbría, e a su exito illo es ja retenite per un reservoir. Il discurre per le [[Vegas Altas]] e per le [[Tierras de Mérida - Vegas Bajas|Tierras de Mérida-Vegas Bajas del Guadiana]], per lo que sur su riberas se trova importante populationes, como [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Don Benito]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Badajoz]]. Post passar Badajoz, il face le frontiera inter Espania e Portugal e continua assi usque a abandonar definitivamente Extremadura post haber irrigate le [[llanos de Olivenza]]. Le tributarios del Guadiana es multo plus numerose, ma plus curte e con minus debit. A dextra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Estena|fluvio Estena]], le fluvio Estenilla, le [[Fluvio Guadarranque (tributario del Guadiana)|fluvio Guadarranque]], le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|fluvio Guadalupejo]] e su tributario dextre le fluvio Silvadillos, que irriga [[Las Villuercas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|fluvio Gargáligas]] e su tributarios sinistre [[Fluvio Cubilar|fluvio Cubilar]] e dextre le [[Fluvio Ruecas|fluvio Ruecas]] e le [[Fluvio Alcollarín|fluvio Alcollarín]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|fluvio Aljucén]] e le [[Fluvio Gévora|fluvio Gévora]]. Tote iste zona es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal de [[Orellana la Vieja|Orellana]] e le canal de [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]]. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] A sinistra se distingue: le [[Fluvio Zújar|fluvio Zújar]] e su tributarios dextre le fluvio Guadalmez, que recipe le aquas del [[Fluvio Alcudia|fluvio Alcudia]], le [[Fluvio Guadamez|fluvio Guadamez]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|fluvio Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|fluvio Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|fluvio Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|fluvio Alcarrache]]. Etiam le ripa sinistre es irrigate per duo importante canales, le canal del Zújar e le canal de Lobón. Le tributario le plus importante es le Zújar, que nasce proxime al [[Granja de Torrehermosa]], in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e recipe le aquas de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Le versante meridional de Sierra Morena versa su aquas in le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|fluvio Guadalquivir]]. In Extremadura se trova le fontes de alcun de su tributarios, como le fluvio Bencébar e le [[Fluvio Viar|fluvio Viar]]. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Ambiente del [[reservoir de La Serena]] al fin de augusto]] Le clima dominante in Extremadura es le [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], ma mitigate per le [[advection]] de [[massas de aere]] maritime proveniente del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le principal centros de action es le [[fronte polar]], que descarga su massas de aere humide, e le [[anticyclon del Azores]]. In hiberno, le effectos del [[Anticyclon thermic|anticyclones thermic]] que appare super [[La Mancha]] attinge le region; illos da al region un tempore sic e frigide. In iste situation, nebulas es frequente in le valle del Tajo e del Guadiana. Tamen, le mur de le systema Central difficulta le entrata del major parte del cyclones cargate de pluvia que travessa le peninsula a causa del effecto barriera, durante que le [[effecto foehn]] apporta al region ventos sic e calide, que pote devenir forte. Le dies nebulose es pauc, ben que il existe grande differentias inter le montanias del systema Central e le resto del region. Le [[insolation]] excede 2600 horas. Le situationes de [[gutta frigide]] in autumno es rare, pois que le region se trova relativemente longe del principal massas de aqua. Quando illos se produce, illos es associate con guttas frigide de major radio situate super le [[Golfo de Cádiz]]. Le major parte del pluvias entra in le region per le sud-west. Le orographia influentia decisivemente le clima de alcun partes del region, creante microclimas multo humide in le serras del nord, particularmente in le comarcas del [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Hurdes]], [[Valle del Jerte]] e [[La Vera]], ubi le precipitationes es multo abundante. [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le precipitationes es scarse in quasi tote le region, excepto le nord. Le major parte del region recipe minus de 600 mm annualmente, e in le centro del valle del Guadiana on non attinge 400 mm. In le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] illos attinge 1000 mm, ma ubi le pluvias es le plus abundante es in le montanias del systema Central, ubi on excede 1000 mm. Le maxime se attinge in le versante sud del sierra de Gredos (valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), ubi on excede 1500 mm. Un del characteristicas le plus notabile, super toto in le regiones le plus sic, es le irregularitate interannual. Le tempore le plus pluviose del anno es le primavera, sequite per le autumno. Es le periodos durante le qual le massas de aere polar maritime apportate per le fronte polar arriva. Le anticcyclon del Azores predomina in estate e allontana le pluvias. Nos trova tres, e usque quatro, menses de [[ariditate]] in quasi tote le region. A mesura que on ascende per le montanias, le menses de ariditate se reduce e in le montanias le plus alte illos se reduce a duo. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le [[Temperatura|temperaturas]] medie annual oscilla inter 16 e 17 °C de anno a anno. In le nord de Extremadura, le temperaturas medie, de 13 °C, es plus basse que in le sud, de 18 °C, e le valores cresce gradualmente conforme on avança verso le sud usque al vicinitates de [[Sierra Morena]], ubi illos diminui a causa del altitude. Durante le estate, le temperatura medie del mense de julio es superior a 26 °C, attingente maxime diurne que excede 41 °C. Il es dunque un estate calide cuje temperaturas es plus alte de lo que illos deberea haber, in theoria, a causa del proximitate atlantic. Le latitude del region determina que le grado de insolation sia elevate. Isto, unite al influentia del [[anticyclon del Azores]] e al altitude medie reducite del region, que oscilla inter 200 e 400 m, determina le alte temperatura medie del region. Le hibernos es suave. Le temperaturas hibernal le plus basse se registra in le zonas de alte montanias, como le [[systema Central]], le [[Sierra de Guadalupe (Espania)|sierra de Guadalupe]] e alcun areas de [[Sierra Morena]], con un temperatura medie de 7,5 °C. Con iste characteristicas de precipitationes e temperaturas in Extremadura, le [[bilancio hydric]] es clarmente negative, con un minimo multo marcate in estate e un longe periodo de recharge que non garanti le complete recuperation del [[aquifero]]s durante le annos de siccitate. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|Dehesa de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le contraste introducite in le region per le montanias aporta al communitate autonome de Extremadura un certe varietate ecologic, ben que le major parte del region pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]]. Isto ha essite un [[Modificationes anthropic del biocenose|region intensemente exploitate]] desde le tempore del [[Prehistoria]], in le qual, nonobstante, il existe zonas minus exploitate. Tamen, le modo de exploitation del foreste, le [[dehesa]], ha attingite un tal nivello de equilibrio ecologic que illo permitte al mesme tempore le exploitation del medio natural e le disveloppamento del vita selvage. Le dehesa es un modo de exploitation del foreste in le qual le species competitive de illos que es exploitate agriculturalmente es eradicate. Assi appare le strato arboree, con [[encina]]s e [[subere]]s, e le prato, con herba pro que le bestiame pasce. Il se intercalate etiam exploitationes agricole. Il se tracta de un systema de exploitation que remonta, al minus, al [[Roma Antique|epocha roman]]. [[File:La Siberia Cistus ladanifer 128.jpg|thumb|sinistra|Cistos in le comarca de [[La Siberia]]]] Le [[piso basal]] domina in le major parte del region; in illo appare le [[foreste mediterranee]]. Le vegetation typic es [[xerofilo|xerofile]], pois que illo debe supportar le ariditate estival. Le specie dominante es le encina. Le sotobosque es lignose, spinose e aromatic, con species semperverde como le lentisco e le aladierno. In le cortege floristic appare species como le sabina, le arbute, le rosmarino, le thymo e le [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le zonas plus humide appare le quercia como specie dominante. Le [[foreste de galeria]] es multo importante, ubi appare species foliose como le [[populo]], le [[choppo]] o le [[olmo]], que se trova sur le margines del rios e del charcas. In le [[piso montan]] appare le quercia como specie dominante, e illo es le piso le plus alte del major parte del montanias del region. Iste zona ha suffrite le pression anthropic, per lo que on trova species de repopulation, principalmente pinos allogene de rapide crescimento. Le [[piso subalpin]] appare solmente in le systema Central. Hic appare le quercia e le fago. In le piso alpin, que appare solmente in le ambiente del sierra de Gredos (Valle del Jerte, Ambroz e La Vera), appare le prateria alpine. Iste piso ha essite utilisate pro pasculo estival al minus desde le Medie Evo e usque al medietate del seculo XX. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura es un del regiones europee que possede le systema natural le minus degradate del continente; nonobstante, le numero e le nivello de protection de iste spatios es clarmente insufficiente. Nonobstante, Extremadura possede un [[parque national]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[reserva natural]], un [[paisage protegite]], un [[geoparco]], quatro [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]] e numerose [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]], o zonas special de protection del aves. ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le 17 de septembre 2011, le comarcas de Villuercas, Ibores e Jara esseva includite in le rete mundial de geoparcos per medio del [[Unesco]]. Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara es le quinte [[geoparco]] de Espania. Su singularitate geologic (legate al formation del Montes Apalaches in le Statos Unite) e natural face de iste comarcas un destination touristic de interesse regional. ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le 3 de martio 2007 le [[Consilio de Ministros (Espania)|Consilio de Ministros]] approbava declarar [[Parque national de Monfragüe|Monfragüe]] como parco national, faciente lo le parco numero 14 de iste characteristicas in Espania. Annualmente illo recipe plus de 80 000 visitatores.<ref>[http://www.hoy.es/20080114/local/superados-afiliados-seguridad-social-200801141351.html Numero de visitatores in le Parque National de Monfragüe durante le anno 2007].</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]] declarate e gerite per le [[Junta de Extremadura]], que es le parco natural de Cornalvo, in [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], e le parco de Tajo International, inter [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Portugal]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]], in le vicinitates de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e con un superficie de 13 143 ha. * [[Parque natural del Tajo International]], in le provincia de Cáceres e con un superficie de 25 088 ha. ; Reservas natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[valle del Jerte]] e con un superficie de 6927 ha e declarate como tal le 14 de novembre 1994. ; Paisages protegite * [[Valcorchero y Sierra del Gordo]] in [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 96l4r76wmq9daxth1irmvfelwk8u9dl 699998 699997 2026-09-13T11:35:33Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Geographia */ 699998 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente inter le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le relievo es dominate per le zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic|Maciço Iberic]], super le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte del communitate es le [[Calvitero]] o Torreón de Calvitero, con circa 2401 m. Inter le altere culmines importante se trova [[La Covacha]] (2395 m), La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]]. Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago, al sud del qual se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression del [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], mentre le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] occupa le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], [[sierra de Montánchez]] e [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa de novo gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero, con circa 2401 m, es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Un parve parte del territorio al nord versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]], e alcun areas del sud verso le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Extremadura |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/content/dam/miteco/es/biodiversidad/temas/politica-forestal/Cuadernos%20Trashumancia%20N%C2%BA%2015.%20EXTREMADURA.pdf |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte in le fin del hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose grandes reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic particular como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce al nord del communitate, in le [[Sistema Central]], e entra in Extremadura apud le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]]. Il es le principal fluvio del nord-est del provincia de Cáceres e desemboca in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios de sinistra del Tajo se distingue le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe inter alteres le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regolate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Il nasce in le [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova, al nord, le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]]; al sud, le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]]. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas proveniente de le area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Visor del Atlas climático de la Península y Baleares |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/serviciosclimaticos/datosclimatologicos/atlas_climatico/visor_atlas_climatico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occident e in le areas de pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], le [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos|Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], varie [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, zonas de interesse regional e numerose areas del rete [[Natura 2000]]. Le rete regional include etiam le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] e diverse [[Reserva de biosphera|reservas de biosphera]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Guía de Equipamientos y Recursos Ambientales |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/guia-de-equipamientos-y-recursos-ambientales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le rete [[Natura 2000]] ha un extension particular importante in Extremadura e include numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]]. Le spatio protegite include paisages de dehesa, serras mediterranee, humides, rios e penillanuras.<ref>{{cite web |title=Extremadura (LIC / ZEC) |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/biodiversidad/temas/espacios-protegidos/red-natura-2000/lic_extremadura.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks — Villuercas Ibores Jara |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], inter [[Plasencia]], [[Trujillo]] e [[Cáceres]], con le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] como axe principal. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in martio 2007 per le [[Ley 1/2007]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area ha etiam altere figuras de protection, inter le qual un [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera]] del UNESCO declarate in 2003 e un vaste [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://turismoextremadura.juntaex.es/es/explora/Monfraguee-National-Park/ |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]]. * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate in le centro de Extremadura, circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e comprende circa 11 601 ha. Le parco esseva declarate in 1993 e es caracterisate per le paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios, e es caracterisate per un relievo escarpate, dehesas e vegetation mediterranee. Le area extremaduran esseva declarate parco natural in 2006 e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua. Le superficie es de circa 6900 ha.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granitos e charcas; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geo-ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic associate al batolito de Nisa-Alburquerque.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Inter le paisages protegite de Extremadura se trova [[Monte Valcorchero]] e [[Castañar Gallego]]. Illos protege paisages forestal e montaniose de particular valor natural e cultural.<ref>{{cite web |title=Areas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] biynneql01l1g5ph587q274rxdnp53u 699999 699998 2026-09-13T11:36:53Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Geographia */ 699999 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == === Antecedentes === Fueros vigente proprie de Extremadura es le [[Fuero de Baylío]] (seculo XIII), recognoscite in su [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] (le resto, como le de Badajoz, actualmente non es vigente). Le prime institutiones del quales se ha constatation es le [[Delegation de Defensa in Extremadura|Capitania General e le Real Armata de Extremadura]] (principios del seculo XVII), constituite intra le ancian [[provincia de Extremadura]] (con independentia juridic in 1653, ben que un conception geographic e cultural del mesme jam existeva anteriormente), formalmente constituite in 1785, con su recognition de facto per le creation del [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]] (1790); cuje existentia real e unitaria projice un historia e cultura particular compartite, cuje origines le plus remote remontan al seculo XII in le ''[[Las Extremaduras|Estremadura leones]]'' como entitate territorial intra le [[Regno de Leon|Corona de Leon]] (extendente se a Badajoz), postea intra le [[Corona de Castilia|Corona castiliano-leones]] e plus tarde integrate in le [[Monarchia Hispanic]]. [[Las Extremaduras]] attingerea su independentia administrative in le Cortes de Segovia de 1390. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|[[Assemblea de Extremadura]] ]] Le parlamento autonomic extremaduran es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], formate per 65 deputatos: 36 eligite per le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 per le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025]], illo esseva formate per 29 deputatos del [[Partito Popular de Extremadura|Partito Popular]], 18 del [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]], 11 de [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] e 7 de [[Unidas por Extremadura]]. === Poter executive === [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] esseva presidente del Junta de Extremadura ab 1983 usque a 2007; anteriormente, le 20 de decembre 1982, ille habeva essite eligite presidente del Junta Regional de Extremadura, e sub su mandato, le 25 de februario 1983, esseva approbate le Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura. Ille esseva succedite in le carga inter 2007 e 2011 per le etiam socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] e inter 2011 e 2015 per le popular [[José Antonio Monago]]. Post le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2015|electiones autonomic de 2015]], Fernández Vara retornava a presider le executive extremaduran, in un coalition formate per le [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] e [[Socialistas Independentes de Extremadura]], gratias al supporto de [[Podemos (partito politico)|Podemos]].<ref>{{cite web |author=expansion.com |title=Vara ja es nove presidente de Extremadura con le votos favorabile de Podemos |url=http://www.expansion.com/extremadura/2015/07/01/5593dcd846163fe9428b458b.html |access-date=5 de julio 2015 |date=1 de julio 2015}}</ref> Habente pactate le supporto de Podemos, e con le abstention de PP e Ciudadanos, le candidato socialista [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] obteneva le investitura como presidente del Junta. Post le electiones autonomic de 2019, le Assemblea de Extremadura nominava de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara como presidente, con le voto favorabile del deputatos de su partito, que habeva obtenite un majoritate absolute in le scrutinio.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190625/socialista-fernandez-vara-reelegido-presidente-junta-extremadura/1961432.shtml|title=Fernández Vara, reelegite presidente del Junta de Extremadura|access-date=2020-11-21|date=2019-06-25|website=RTVE.es|language=es}}</ref> Actualmente, post le electiones del 28 de maio 2023, le Junta de Extremadura retornava al manos del Partito Popular gratias a un accordo de coalition con Vox, facente de María Guardiola le prime femina presidente de Extremadura. Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura|Delegation del Governo de Espania in Extremadura]] se trova in le citate de [[Badajoz]]. ;Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura <center> <timeline> #Tote le longitudes es mesurate in pixeles ImageSize = width:1100 height:100 #Tamaño de la imagen: ancho, alto PlotArea = width:1000 height:50 left:30 bottom:25 #Tamaño de la gráfica en sí dentro de la imagen: ancho, alto, margen izquierdo, margen derecho DateFormat = yyyy #Formato de fechas= y-cifra de año, m-cifra de mes, d-cifra de día. Period = from:1978 till:2027 #Período representado: desde, hasta TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal #Orientación del eje de tiempos: horizontal o vertical ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:3 start:1978 #Escala # No se da cuenta de cuándo chocan dos frases, así que hay # que moverlas a mano con la variable $dx Define $dx = 5 # shift text to right side of bar PlotData= #barra, color, ancho, ?, alineamiento, tamaño de fuente (XS,S,M,L,XL) bar:Líderes color:blue width:25 mark:(line,white) align:center fontsize:M #desde hasta desplazamiento($dx, píxeles) texto y enlace from:1978 till:1980 shift:($dx,14) color:green text:[[Luis Ramallo García]] from:1980 till:1982 shift:($dx,25) color:green text:[[Manuel Bermejo Hernández]] from:1982 till:2007 shift:($dx,18) color:red text:[[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] from:2007 till:2011 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2011 till:2015 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[José Antonio Monago Terraza]] from:2015 till:2023 shift:($dx,14) color:red text:[[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] from:2023 till:2027 shift:($dx,25) color:blue text:[[María Guardiola Martín]] </timeline></center> === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Le communitate autonome de Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Ambes es circumscriptiones electoral in le electiones legislative statal e regional (vide [[circumscription electoral de Cáceres]] e [[circumscription electoral de Badajoz]]) e conta con lor respective deputationes provincial ([[Deputation Provincial de Cáceres]] e [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]]). Le provincia de Badajoz, con un superficie de 21 766 km², es le provincia le plus vaste de Espania. Le provincia de Cáceres, con un superficie de 19 868 km², es le secunde provincia le plus vaste de Espania post Badajoz. {| class="wikitable" |+ !Provincia !Superficie !Population<ref name="censo INE">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=67988|title=Annual Population Census|access-date=25 December 2025|website=INE|language=es}}</ref> !Municipios |- |Cáceres |19&nbsp;868 km² |388 190 hab. |223 |- |Badajoz |21&nbsp;766 km² |665 155 hab. |165 |} ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal]] Extremadura se organiza territorialmente in 388 municipios, del quales 223 se trova in le provincia de Cáceres e le 165 restante in le provincia de Badajoz. Illa possede le 4,77 % del total de municipios que integra le territorio espaniol (8132). Le duo provincias possede un grande numero de municipios. Le provincia de Cáceres es un del provincias espaniol con le major numero de municipalitates, trovante se clarmente supra le media espaniol de 163 municipios per provincia,{{refn|group=n.|Le [[provincia de Burgos|Burgos]] ha le major numero de terminos municipal con 371 municipalitates, e [[provincia de Las Palmas|Las Palmas]] es le provincia con le minor numero, con 34.}} durante que Badajoz solmente supera ligeremente iste media. Le superficie medie del municipios extremaduran es de 131,92 km² in le provincia de Badajoz e 89,09 km² in le provincia de Cáceres, un medie sub le qual se cela grande variationes. Le cinque terminos municipal le plus grande es [[Cáceres]], con 1750,23 km²; [[Badajoz]], con 1440,37 km²; [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], con 865,19 km²; [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], con 739,79 km²; e [[Alburquerque]], con 723,23 km². Le tres prime es etiam le plus populate de Extremadura. Badajoz es le 43me municipio le plus populate de Espania e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes in le communitate, ben que Cáceres es proxime a iste cifra. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial]] Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] dispone que le communitate autonome ha competentia pro fixar le demarcationes del organos jurisdictional in Extremadura e lor localisation secundo lo que establi le Lege Organic del Poter Judicial de Espania, legislation que attribue al communitates autonome le determination del capitalitate del districtos judicial. Il existe vinti-un [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial in Extremadura]].<ref>Lege 3/89 del 27 de decembre, del Preside del Junta, de Capitalitate del Districtos Judicial de Extremadura [http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1990/10O/89010004.pdf]</ref> ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Desde le nascentia del communitate autonome de Extremadura usque al anno 2008 non existeva un division comarcal official in Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|Statuto de Autonomia]] preconisava le possibile division de Extremadura in comarcas per medio de un lege, ma non esseva usque al 2008 que, como consequentia del crise economic e del necessitate de rationalisar le expensas public, le [[Junta de Extremadura]] initiava un processo de comarcalisation basate sur le creation de mancomunitates integral.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.hoy.es/v/20110206/regional/extremadura-comarcas-fantasma-20110206.html |title= Extremadura e su comarcas fantasma |access-date= 14 de augusto 2017 |author = Robustillo, Araceli |date= 6 de februario 2011 |work= [[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]] |quote= }}</ref> Desde alora, tote le municipios de Extremadura pertine a un, e solmente a un, mancomunitate integral. Extremadura se divide in 33 mancomunitates integral: 15 in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 18 in le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Tote le municipios, con exception de [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], pertine a un del 33 [[mancomunitate]]s in le quales le region ha essite dividite. ;Provincia de Badajoz [[File:Mancomunidades_integrales_Badajoz_nombres_def.svg|thumb|right|Mancomunitates integral del provincia de Badajoz]] <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> ;Provincia de Badajoz # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ;Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> In ultra, pote haber zonas natural considerate popularmente in ocasiones como comarcas, ma que non es recognoscite officialmente: [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]], e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla]]. A parte del division mancomunal, que es le sol division official in tote Extremadura, le Deputation de Badajoz ha dividite traditionalmente su provincia in comarcas, ben que iste jam ha essite institutiones official. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] mm07cx2luczqeome6s0s4irsy9i2v7u 700000 699999 2026-09-13T11:39:30Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Governo e politica */ 700000 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == Extremadura es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de Espania con un systema de [[monarchia parlamentari|governo parlamentar]]. Su institutiones autonome principal es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[President del Junta de Extremadura|Presidente del Junta]]. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] constitue le norma institutional fundamental del communitate. === Antecedentes === Le [[Fuero de Baylío]] es un institution de [[derecto consuetudinari]] conservate in alcun localidades de Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] attribue al communitate autonome le conservation, defensa e protection del Fuero de Baylío e de altere institutiones del derecto consuetudinari extremaduran.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le formation historic del territorio extremaduran es anterior al actual communitate autonome. Durante le [[Etate Media]], le nomine [[Las Extremaduras|Extremaduras]] se applicava a un vaste zona de frontiera inter le regnos cristian del nord e le territorios musulman del sud. Le [[provincia de Extremadura]] esseva establite como provincia in le [[reformation territorial de 1833]] e correspondeva in grande parte al territorio del actual communitate, ben que le organisation territorial ha cambiate ulteriormente. In le [[Etate Moderne]] e [[Etate Contemporanee|Contemporanee]] se developpava institutiones juridic e administrative proprie del territorio. Le [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]], establite in [[Cáceres]] in 1790, constitueva un importante institution judicial pro le territorio extremaduran. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]]] Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative del communitate autonome. Illo es componite de 65 deputatos eligite per suffragio universal, libere, directe e secret. Le duo provincias constitue le circumscriptiones electoral del electiones autonomic. Le repartition territorial del 65 sedes es de 36 deputatos pro le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 pro le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025|electiones autonomic de 2025]] producite le sequente composition del Assemblea: {| class="wikitable" |+ Composition del Assemblea de Extremadura post le electiones de 2025 ! Partito ! Sedes ! Votos | ! % | | | ------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------- | | [[Partito Popular de Extremadura | Partito Popular]] (PP) | | 29 | | | 228 300 | | | 43,2 % | | | - | | | [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol | Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] (PSOE) | | 18 | | | 136 017 | | | 25,7 % | | | - | | | [[Vox (partito politico) | Vox]] | | 11 | | | 89 360 | | | 16,9 % | | | - | | | [[Unidas por Extremadura]] | | | 7 | | | 54 189 | | | 10,3 % | | | - | | | ! Total | | | ! 65 | | | ! 507 866 | | | ! 96,1 % | | | } | | Le majoritate absolute del Assemblea es fixate a 33 sedes. Le PP es le prime gruppo parlamentar con 29 deputatos, sequite per le PSOE con 18, Vox con 11 e Unidas por Extremadura con 7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resultados Elecciones Extremadura 2025 |url=https://resultados-elecciones.rtve.es/autonomicas/2025/extremadura/ |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]]}}</ref> === Poter executive === Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive e administrative del communitate autonome. Illo es presidite per le [[President del Junta de Extremadura]], qui dirige le action del governo regional. [[María Guardiola Martín]] es presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Illa esseva prime eligite in 2023 e deveniva le prime femina a presider le governo autonome. Post le electiones de 2025, le investitura esseva initialmente refusate in martio 2026, quando Guardiola obteneva solmente le supporto del PP. In april 2026, un accordo inter le PP e [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] permitteva su nove investitura con majoritate absolute del Assemblea. Illa esseva formalmente nominate presidente per [[Felipe VI|le Rege]] le 22 de april 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Decreto 361/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura a doña María Guardiola Martín |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/23/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8873.pdf |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura esseva [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], qui occupava le carga inter 1983 e 2007. Il esseva succedite per [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] (2007–2011), [[José Antonio Monago]] (2011–2015), e de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara (2015–2023). In 2023, [[María Guardiola]] succedeva Fernández Vara e deveniva le prime femina presidente del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=María Guardiola es investida presidenta de la Junta de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/maria-guardiola-investida-presidenta-de-la-junta-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=14 de julio 2023}}</ref> Le secunde governo de María Guardiola es supportate per un accordo inter le PP e Vox, qui dispone insimul de 40 del 65 sedes del Assemblea. Le PSOE e Unidas por Extremadura constitue le opposition parlamentar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardiola, investida presidenta de Extremadura por mayoría absoluta tras el acuerdo con Vox |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20260422/directo-segunda-jornada-debate-investidura-guardiola-extremadura-votacion/17035311.shtml |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]] |date=22 de april 2026}}</ref> Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura]] representa le [[Governo de Espania]] in le communitate autonome. Su sede se trova in [[Badajoz]]. ; Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura {| class="wikitable" ! President ! Partito | ! Periodo | | | ------------------------------------- | ------ | | [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] | | | [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol | PSOE]] | | 1983–2007 | | | - | | | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | | | [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol | PSOE]] | | 2007–2011 | | | - | | | [[José Antonio Monago]] | | | [[Partito Popular (Espania) | PP]] | | 2011–2015 | | | - | | | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | | | [[Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol | PSOE]] | | 2015–2023 | | | - | | | [[María Guardiola]] | | | [[Partito Popular (Espania) | PP]] | | 2023–present | | |} | | === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Illas es etiam circumscriptiones electoral pro le electiones al [[Congresso del Deputatos]] e al [[Senato de Espania]], e possede lor respective [[deputation provincial|deputationes provincial]]. Secundo le datos del [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] al 1 de januario 2025, le provincia de Badajoz habeva 665 155 habitantes e un superficie de 21 769 km², durante que Cáceres habeva 388 190 habitantes e un superficie de 19 864 km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Provincias de Extremadura ! Provincia ! Superficie ! Population<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> | ! Municipios | | | ---------------------- | --------- | | [[Provincia de Cáceres | Cáceres]] | | 19 864 km² | | | 388 190 hab. | | | 223 | | | - | | | [[Provincia de Badajoz | Badajoz]] | | 21 769 km² | | | 665 155 hab. | | | 165 | | | } | | Le provincia de Badajoz es le plus vaste provincia de Espania per superficie, durante que Cáceres es le secunde plus vaste. In insimul, le duo provincias constitue un del plus grande superficies provincial del pais. ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal de Extremadura]] Extremadura es organise territorialmente in 388 [[municipio]]s: 223 in le provincia de Cáceres e 165 in le provincia de Badajoz. Le numeros de municipios e le cifras de population son mantenite per le [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] in su registros official.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Le grande extension territorial del communitate e le relative basse densitate de population resulta in un grande dimension medie del terminos municipal. Inter le plus grande per superficie se trova [[Cáceres]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] e [[Alburquerque]]. [[Badajoz]] es le municipio le plus populate del communitate e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] es le secunde centro urban per population e un del principal polos administrative e universitari de Extremadura. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial de Extremadura]] Le organisation judicial del communitate es determinate secundo le [[Poter Judicial de Espania|legislation judicial espaniol]] e le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]]. Le [[Tribunal Superior de Justitia de Extremadura]] ha su sede in [[Cáceres]] e constitue le organo in le qual culmina le organisation judicial del communitate autonome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura es dividite in 21 [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial]], qui organiza le competentia territorial del [[tribunal|organo judicial]] de prime grado. ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Le legislation extremaduran permitte le creation de [[mancomunitate]]s de municipios pro le gestion in commun de servicios e pro le cooperation supramunicipal. Le [[Lege 17/2010, de mancomunitates e entidades local minor de Extremadura|Lege 17/2010]] establi le requisitos pro que un mancomunitate pote esser qualificate como ''integral'' e regula su organisation e functionamento.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley 17/2010, de 22 de diciembre, de mancomunidades y entidades locales menores de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-555 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura ha un rete de [[mancomunitate integral|mancomunitates integral]] que facilita le prestation commun de servicios municipal e le cooperation inter municipalitates. Le mancomunitates integral pote intervenir in campos como le gestion del residuos, le aqua, le protection ambiental, le servicios social, le cultura, le sport, le developpamento local, le urbanismo e le infrastructure. ; Provincia de Badajoz <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ; Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> Al margen del organisation per mancomunitates, existe in Extremadura numerose [[comarca]]s historic, geographic e cultural que non constitue necessarimente divisiones administrative official. Inter le plus cognoscite se trova [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla]]. Le distinction inter mancomunitates integral e comarcas es importante: le prime es entitates local de cooperation inter municipalitates, durante que le secunde corresponde frequentemente a regiones historic o geographic sin un status administrative uniforme. In le [[provincia de Badajoz]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]] usa etiam divisiones comarcal pro fines de organisation e cooperation territorial, ma illas non equivale al organisation administrative provincial o al mancomunitates integral. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 328entovu3f5lx78be7pvfouuzl8h7d 700001 700000 2026-09-13T11:41:22Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Governo e politica */ 700001 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == Extremadura es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de Espania con un systema de [[monarchia parlamentari|governo parlamentar]]. Su institutiones autonome principal es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[President del Junta de Extremadura|Presidente del Junta]]. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] constitue le norma institutional fundamental del communitate. === Antecedentes === Le [[Fuero de Baylío]] es un institution de [[derecto consuetudinari]] conservate in alcun localidades de Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] attribue al communitate autonome le conservation, defensa e protection del Fuero de Baylío e de altere institutiones del derecto consuetudinari extremaduran.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le formation historic del territorio extremaduran es anterior al actual communitate autonome. Durante le [[Etate Media]], le nomine [[Las Extremaduras|Extremaduras]] se applicava a un vaste zona de frontiera inter le regnos cristian del nord e le territorios musulman del sud. Le [[provincia de Extremadura]] esseva establite como provincia in le [[reformation territorial de 1833]] e correspondeva in grande parte al territorio del actual communitate, ben que le organisation territorial ha cambiate ulteriormente. In le [[Etate Moderne]] e [[Etate Contemporanee|Contemporanee]] se developpava institutiones juridic e administrative proprie del territorio. Le [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]], establite in [[Cáceres]] in 1790, constitueva un importante institution judicial pro le territorio extremaduran. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]]] Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative del communitate autonome. Illo es componite de 65 deputatos eligite per suffragio universal, libere, directe e secret. Le duo provincias constitue le circumscriptiones electoral del electiones autonomic. Le repartition territorial del 65 sedes es de 36 deputatos pro le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 pro le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025|electiones autonomic de 2025]] producite le sequente composition del Assemblea: {| class="wikitable" |+ Composición de la Asamblea de Extremadura tras las elecciones de 2025 ! Partido ! Sedes ! Votos ! % |- | [[Partido Popular de Extremadura|Partido Popular]] (PP) | 29 | 228 300 | 43,2 % |- | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|Partido Socialista Obrero Español]] (PSOE) | 18 | 136 017 | 25,7 % |- | [[Vox (partido político)|Vox]] | 11 | 89 360 | 16,9 % |- | [[Unidas por Extremadura]] | 7 | 54 189 | 10,3 % |- ! Total ! 65 ! 507 866 ! 96,1 % |} Le majoritate absolute del Assemblea es fixate a 33 sedes. Le PP es le prime gruppo parlamentar con 29 deputatos, sequite per le PSOE con 18, Vox con 11 e Unidas por Extremadura con 7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resultados Elecciones Extremadura 2025 |url=https://resultados-elecciones.rtve.es/autonomicas/2025/extremadura/ |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]]}}</ref> === Poter executive === Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive e administrative del communitate autonome. Illo es presidite per le [[President del Junta de Extremadura]], qui dirige le action del governo regional. [[María Guardiola Martín]] es presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Illa esseva prime eligite in 2023 e deveniva le prime femina a presider le governo autonome. Post le electiones de 2025, le investitura esseva initialmente refusate in martio 2026, quando Guardiola obteneva solmente le supporto del PP. In april 2026, un accordo inter le PP e [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] permitteva su nove investitura con majoritate absolute del Assemblea. Illa esseva formalmente nominate presidente per [[Felipe VI|le Rege]] le 22 de april 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Decreto 361/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura a doña María Guardiola Martín |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/23/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8873.pdf |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura esseva [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], qui occupava le carga inter 1983 e 2007. Il esseva succedite per [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] (2007–2011), [[José Antonio Monago]] (2011–2015), e de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara (2015–2023). In 2023, [[María Guardiola]] succedeva Fernández Vara e deveniva le prime femina presidente del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=María Guardiola es investida presidenta de la Junta de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/maria-guardiola-investida-presidenta-de-la-junta-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=14 de julio 2023}}</ref> Le secunde governo de María Guardiola es supportate per un accordo inter le PP e Vox, qui dispone insimul de 40 del 65 sedes del Assemblea. Le PSOE e Unidas por Extremadura constitue le opposition parlamentar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardiola, investida presidenta de Extremadura por mayoría absoluta tras el acuerdo con Vox |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20260422/directo-segunda-jornada-debate-investidura-guardiola-extremadura-votacion/17035311.shtml |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]] |date=22 de april 2026}}</ref> Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura]] representa le [[Governo de Espania]] in le communitate autonome. Su sede se trova in [[Badajoz]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura ! Presidente ! Partito ! Periodo |- | [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 1983–2007 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2007–2011 |- | [[José Antonio Monago]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2011–2015 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2015–2023 |- | [[María Guardiola]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2023–presente |} === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Illas es etiam circumscriptiones electoral pro le electiones al [[Congresso del Deputatos]] e al [[Senato de Espania]], e possede lor respective [[deputation provincial|deputationes provincial]]. Secundo le datos del [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] al 1 de januario 2025, le provincia de Badajoz habeva 665 155 habitantes e un superficie de 21 769 km², durante que Cáceres habeva 388 190 habitantes e un superficie de 19 864 km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Provincias de Extremadura ! Provincia ! Superficie ! Population<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] }}</ref> ! Municipios |- | [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] | 19 864 km² | 388 190 hab. | 223 |- | [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] | 21 769 km² | 665 155 hab. | 165 |} Le provincia de Badajoz es le plus vaste provincia de Espania per superficie, durante que Cáceres es le secunde plus vaste. In insimul, le duo provincias constitue un del plus grande superficies provincial del pais. ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal de Extremadura]] Extremadura es organise territorialmente in 388 [[municipio]]s: 223 in le provincia de Cáceres e 165 in le provincia de Badajoz. Le numeros de municipios e le cifras de population son mantenite per le [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] in su registros official.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Le grande extension territorial del communitate e le relative basse densitate de population resulta in un grande dimension medie del terminos municipal. Inter le plus grande per superficie se trova [[Cáceres]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] e [[Alburquerque]]. [[Badajoz]] es le municipio le plus populate del communitate e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] es le secunde centro urban per population e un del principal polos administrative e universitari de Extremadura. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial de Extremadura]] Le organisation judicial del communitate es determinate secundo le [[Poter Judicial de Espania|legislation judicial espaniol]] e le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]]. Le [[Tribunal Superior de Justitia de Extremadura]] ha su sede in [[Cáceres]] e constitue le organo in le qual culmina le organisation judicial del communitate autonome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura es dividite in 21 [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial]], qui organiza le competentia territorial del [[tribunal|organo judicial]] de prime grado. ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Le legislation extremaduran permitte le creation de [[mancomunitate]]s de municipios pro le gestion in commun de servicios e pro le cooperation supramunicipal. Le [[Lege 17/2010, de mancomunitates e entidades local minor de Extremadura|Lege 17/2010]] establi le requisitos pro que un mancomunitate pote esser qualificate como ''integral'' e regula su organisation e functionamento.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley 17/2010, de 22 de diciembre, de mancomunidades y entidades locales menores de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-555 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura ha un rete de [[mancomunitate integral|mancomunitates integral]] que facilita le prestation commun de servicios municipal e le cooperation inter municipalitates. Le mancomunitates integral pote intervenir in campos como le gestion del residuos, le aqua, le protection ambiental, le servicios social, le cultura, le sport, le developpamento local, le urbanismo e le infrastructure. ; Provincia de Badajoz <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ; Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> Al margen del organisation per mancomunitates, existe in Extremadura numerose [[comarca]]s historic, geographic e cultural que non constitue necessarimente divisiones administrative official. Inter le plus cognoscite se trova [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla]]. Le distinction inter mancomunitates integral e comarcas es importante: le prime es entitates local de cooperation inter municipalitates, durante que le secunde corresponde frequentemente a regiones historic o geographic sin un status administrative uniforme. In le [[provincia de Badajoz]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]] usa etiam divisiones comarcal pro fines de organisation e cooperation territorial, ma illas non equivale al organisation administrative provincial o al mancomunitates integral. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in 2018]] Le population de Extremadura es de 1 053 345 habitantes (1 de januario 2025), secundo le fonte [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], ergo representa le 2,14 % del population espaniol (49 128 297).<ref name="censo INE" /> Illa ha un [[densitate del population]] de 25,3 hab/km², multo inferior al media de Espania. Le provincia le plus populate es [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], con 665 559 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 30,56 hab/km². In [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] vive 388 190 habitantes, con un densitate del population de 19,54 hab/km². Le population de Extremadura es multo irregularmente repartite. Badajoz concentra 150 702 habitantes, e es le sol citate del communitate que supera le 100 000 habitantes. Solmente tres populationes ha plus de 50 000 habitantes: [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], e altere dece ha plus de 10 000: [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]] e [[Olivenza]]. Le major parte del territorio del region ha un character fortemente [[rural]]. Del 388 municipios, 217 non attinge 1000 habitantes. Il ha 9 municipios que non supera 100 habitantes. Le population extremaduran ha un character notabilemente [[rural]]. Solmente le 28,67% del population vive in le tres citates de plus de 50 000 habitantes ([[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]), e le 49,55% in le citates de plus de 10 000. Le zonas le plus densamente populate es illos de [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]] e [[Talayuela]], ben que etiam Cáceres, cuje densitate es un pauc distorquite per le facto que illo es le municipio le plus grande de Espania. Es densitates de circa 50 hab/km². Le axes Plasencia–Cáceres–Mérida–Almendralejo–Zafra e Badajoz–Mérida–Don Benito–Villanueva de la Serena es le plus populate del region, con densitates circa 40 hab/km². Le est del region e le comarca del [[Llanos de Olivenza]], assi como [[Valencia de Alcántara]], ha densitates que non supera 20 hab/km². === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] A partir del alarde realisate in septembre 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]], on estimava un population de 70 000 vicinos e 350 000 habitantes.<ref>[http://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941 Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502], Miguel Ángel Ladero Quesada, Norba. Revista de historia, ISSN 0213-375X, Nº 17, 2004</ref> Le population extremaduran, secundo le censimento de 1591 del provincias del [[Corona de Castilia]], habeva ascendite a circa 540 000 habitantes e representava le 8% del total de Espania. Un nove censimento digne de fide non esseva realisate in Espania usque al anno 1717, anno in que illo contava 326 358 habitantes. A partir de iste epocha, se produceva un augmento del population plus o minus constante usque al annos 1960, in le seculo XX (1 379 072 habitantes in 1960),<ref>Fondo documental del [[Instituto National de Statistica de Espania|INE]]. Censimento 1960. Tomo III. Volumes provincial.</ref> post le qual comenciava un declino vertiginose del population a causa del emigration verso altere paises e regiones plus prospere de Espania. Quasi un million de extremaduranos esseva obligate a abandonar lor terra natal durante le seculo XX. Un phenomeno que se accentuava a partir del decennio del annos sexanta a causa del forte crescimento del population e del impossibilitate de trovar labor in le region. Inter 1950 e 1977, 645 000 habitantes quitava Extremadura, id es, le 45% de su population al medie del seculo. Le major parte de illes habeva inter 20 e 40 annos. Iste exodo de milles de juvene contribueva al disveloppamento de altere regiones, durante que le paupertate e le subdisveloppamento del communitate extremaduran se prolongava plus longe. Multes de illes emigrava verso altere regiones peninsular, proque de facto, ancora in 1987, 729 532 extremaduranos viveva in diverse [[Communitate autonome|communitates autonome]] espaniol, le majoritate in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], in iste ordine. Tamen, multes alteres debeva partir verso altere paises europee, super toto verso [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Isto provoca un stagnation del population que ancora in 2006 esseva inferior al population del region in 1930.<ref>[http://estebanmiracaballos.blogia.com/2010/011906-la-formacion-del-espiritu-nacional-en-la-escuela-franquista.php Le formation del spirito national in le schola franquista].</ref> Durante le seculo XX, Extremadura ha augmentate su population a un ritmo multo inferior a illo del insimul de Espania, assi que su peso relative ha continuemente diminuite. In realitate, on pote distinguer duo periodos: le prime medietate del seculo, ubi le taxas de crescimento es similar, e le secunde medietate del seculo XX, quando le taxa de crescimento de Extremadura cade precipite. Nonobstante, le capitales provincial, e Mérida, ha ganiate population, durante que le resto del region la ha perdite. Super toto a partir de 1960. In certe comarcas le perdita esseva tanto grande que illos deveniva despopulate, con densitates demographic inferior a 5 hab/km². Le taxas de natalitate esseva inferior al media espaniol e le taxas de mortalitate un pauc superior a causa del [[invecchiamento del population]]. A iste processo se adde le existentia de movimentos migratori. Le taxas de natalitate e mortalitate ha sequite le cyclo general del [[transition demographic]] del insimul de Espania. Nonobstante, le natalitate, desde le decennio del annos 1960, se situa infra le media espaniol, a causa del emigration, que affice le population in etate reproductive. A partir de alora, le invecchiamento ha facite crescer un pauc le taxa de mortalitate. In le comarcas le plus despopulate, le indice de masculinitate es extrememente alte, proque lor habitantes ha grande difficultates a contraher matrimonio. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de nucleos urban]] In Extremadura il non existe grande citates. Le centro urban le plus populate es [[Badajoz (Badajoz)|Badajoz]], ben que su area de influentia non attinge tote le region, salvo pro certe servicios, a causa del position geographic del citate al extremo occidental del region e del forte influentia de altere nucleos de population. Insimul con Badajoz, [[Cáceres (Cáceres)|Cáceres]] es etiam un nucleo de maxime nivello: quinto nivello. Le quarto nivello es formate per septe capitales comarcal: [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Zafra]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] e [[Miajadas (Cáceres)|Miajadas]]. Illas ha un grande quantitate de servicios centralisate. Le est del region e le nord depende, in grande mesura, de centros extra-regional: [[Ciudad Rodrigo]], [[Béjar]] o [[El Barco de Ávila]] in [[Castilia e Leon]]; [[Talavera de la Reina]] o [[Ciudad Real]] in [[Castilia-La Mancha]]; e [[Cordoba (Espania)|Cordoba]] o [[Sevilla]] in [[Andalusia]]. In le tertie nivello se trova populationes con bastante population ma cuje nivello de servicios non ha superate certe nivellos a causa del proximitate de nucleos major, plus alcun villages con pauc population que ha obtenite un nivello notabile de servicios per le facto de esser lontan del grande centros urban: [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Talayuela]], [[Azuaga]], [[Jaraíz de la Vera]], [[Castuera]], [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], [[Casar de Cáceres]], [[Logrosán]], [[Montánchez]], [[Gata (Cáceres)|Gata]], [[Nuñomoral]], [[Alcántara (Cáceres)|Alcántara]] e [[Almendral]]. In un secunde nivello se trovaria le nucleos de population que ha riuscite a attraher alcun servicios central, extendente los assi per un grande parte del region: [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]], [[Moraleja]], [[Arroyo de la Luz]], [[Cabeza del Buey]], [[Oliva de la Frontera]], [[Llerena]], [[Montehermoso]], [[Fuente de Cantos]], [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], [[Hervás]], [[Herrera del Duque]], [[Barcarrota]], [[Talarrubias]], [[Torrejoncillo]], [[Aliseda (Cáceres)|Aliseda]], [[Cabezuela del Valle]], [[Zorita (Cáceres)|Zorita]]. Infra se trova le nucleos rural. [[File:Extremadura, el mercado, por Joaquín Sorolla.jpg|thumb|''Extremadura, le mercato'', celebre pictura de [[Joaquín Sorolla]] de 1917. In le fundo, [[Plasencia]], a sinistra juveniles de [[Montehermoso]] ]] Le locos central que presta servicios es multo mal distribute e non coper efficacemente tote le region. A mesura que le communicationes meliora, iste differentias ha minus importantia, ma grande areas del region es ancora multo mal communicate. Le population rural extremaduran presenta un tendentia multo forte al [[Poblamiento concentrate|nucleo concentrate]]. Multes es le factores que favorisa iste concentration: basse productivitate del terra per hectare, factores historic e social in le qual le modo de exploitation del dehesa, per medio del dominio directe e del [[grande proprietate]], explica le existentia de grande villages concentrate ubi vive un grande numero de [[jornalero]]s. Le nucleos concentrate del montanias se explica per le difficultate de trovar insediamentos adequate. Nonobstante iste character concentrate, le villages al nord del Tajo es multo parve. Le dimension cresce inter le Tajo e le Guadiana, tanto plus grande quanto plus al sud, a causa del major presentia del grande proprietate. Ben que le uso del calce in le facciatas es habitual in le major parte del region, le sud de Badajoz es le terra del villages blanc per excellentia.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html |title=http://www.spain.info/es/reportajes/pueblos_blancos_de_extremadura_caminando_entre_dehesas.html }}</ref> In iste comarcas le villages se organisa circum un grande placia porticate. Illos ha vias que tende a esser recte, e circum le village il ha un corona de parve hortos de proprietate del vicinos del village, fundamental in le passato pro completar le dieta del jornaleros. Le character extensive del agricultura, fortificate per le politica con actos como illos del [[Plan Badajoz]], le [[Plan de Empleo Rural]] e le [[Politica Agricole Commun del Union Europee|adjutas]] del [[Union Europee]], ha permittite fixar population in le villages, ma con pauc perspectivas de crescimento. Nonobstante, in le ultime annos, gratias al avances del technologia, le productivitate del terra ha augmentate e le peso del grande proprietate comencia a esser minus perceptibile. Le grande proprietate ha facite emerger un typo de casa rural multo extendite: le cortijo. Il se tracta de un casa con plure edificios circum un patio que alberga diverse functiones: habitation, stabulo, magazin de alimentos, etc. ==== Systema urban ==== [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio in 2020]] Le municipios de Extremadura que possede plus de 7000 habitantes es 19 ([[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]], 1 de januario 2025): <center> {| class="wikitable" ! Position ! Municipio ! N.º de habitantes |- | 1.º | [[Badajoz]] | 150&nbsp;209 |- | 2.º | [[Cáceres]] | 96&nbsp;651 |- | 3.º | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60&nbsp;225 |- | 4.º | [[Plasencia]] | 40&nbsp;132 |- | 5.º | [[Don Benito]] | 37&nbsp;986 |- | 6.º | [[Almendralejo]] | 34&nbsp;587 |- | 7.º | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25&nbsp;773 |- | 8.º | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17&nbsp;352 |- | 9.º | [[Zafra]] | 16&nbsp;735 |- | 10.º | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15&nbsp;198 |- | 11.º | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12&nbsp;284 |- | 12.º | [[Coria]] | 12&nbsp;001 |- | 13.º | [[Olivenza]] | 11&nbsp;789 |- | 14.º | [[Miajadas]] | 9396 |- | 15.º | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9095 |- | 16.º | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8611 |- | 17.º | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8088 |- | 18.º | [[Azuaga]] | 7587 |- | 19.º | [[Talayuela]] | 7439 |}</center>In Extremadura, dece-duo municipios ha le [[Annexo:Locos con titulo honorific de citate in Espania|titulo honorific de citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, le citates de [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, le citates de [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo data del epocha medieval. In le Etate Moderne esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Finalmente, in le seculo XIX esseva accordate le titulos de citate de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === In le territorio extremaduran il ha 32 451 estranjeros, secundo le INE al 1 de januario 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ine.es/jaxi/Tabla.htm?path=/t20/e245/p04/provi/l0/&file=0ccaa002.px|title=Population estranjer per nationalitate e sexo|access-date=17 de decembre 2019|website=[www.ine.es](http://www.ine.es)}}</ref> del quales 19 402 vive in le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e le 13 049 restante in le [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le communitate immigrant le plus numerose es le [[Romania|roman]] con 8059 personas, sequite per le [[Marocco|marocchin]] con 7202 personas, e postea per le [[Portugal|portugese]] con 3140 personas. Le [[Republica Popular de China|chinese]] es 1675 e le [[Brasile|brasilian]] 1401. Inter le originarios del [[Africa subsaharan]] qui vive in Extremadura, le communitate le plus numerose es celle del [[Senegal|senegalese]] con 208 membros. In lo que concerne le personas proveniente de [[Iberoamerica]], salvo Brasil e [[Colombia]], iste ultime con 1149, le resto del nationalitates ha devenite durante le ultime annos a pena remarcabile. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] jui5kjf4zbu5lp6c7tvyyq16zz4ln2y 700002 700001 2026-09-13T11:43:52Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Demographia */ 700002 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Localisate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illo es traversate de oriente a occidente per le rivos Tajo e Guadiana. Le communitate autonome es formate per le duo plus grande provincias de Espania: Cáceres e Badajoz. Extremadura ha le frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west e con le communitates autonome de [[Castilia e León]] (norte), [[Castilla-La Mancha]] (este) e [[Andalusia]] (sud). Illa es un area importante pro le vita selvatic, particularmente con le grande reserve in Monfragüe, que esseva designate un Parco National in 2007, e le Parco Natural del Rio Tajo Internacional. Le administration executive regional, guidate per le Presidente de Extremadura, es appellite Junta de Extremadura. Le Dia de Extremadura es celebrate le 8 de septembre. Il coincide con le festivitate catholic de Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe. Le region, con un enorme surplus de energia e hospitante depositos de lithium, es al fronte del planos de Espania pro un transition de energia e un decarbonisation. == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == Extremadura es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de Espania con un systema de [[monarchia parlamentari|governo parlamentar]]. Su institutiones autonome principal es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[President del Junta de Extremadura|Presidente del Junta]]. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] constitue le norma institutional fundamental del communitate. === Antecedentes === Le [[Fuero de Baylío]] es un institution de [[derecto consuetudinari]] conservate in alcun localidades de Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] attribue al communitate autonome le conservation, defensa e protection del Fuero de Baylío e de altere institutiones del derecto consuetudinari extremaduran.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le formation historic del territorio extremaduran es anterior al actual communitate autonome. Durante le [[Etate Media]], le nomine [[Las Extremaduras|Extremaduras]] se applicava a un vaste zona de frontiera inter le regnos cristian del nord e le territorios musulman del sud. Le [[provincia de Extremadura]] esseva establite como provincia in le [[reformation territorial de 1833]] e correspondeva in grande parte al territorio del actual communitate, ben que le organisation territorial ha cambiate ulteriormente. In le [[Etate Moderne]] e [[Etate Contemporanee|Contemporanee]] se developpava institutiones juridic e administrative proprie del territorio. Le [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]], establite in [[Cáceres]] in 1790, constitueva un importante institution judicial pro le territorio extremaduran. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]]] Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative del communitate autonome. Illo es componite de 65 deputatos eligite per suffragio universal, libere, directe e secret. Le duo provincias constitue le circumscriptiones electoral del electiones autonomic. Le repartition territorial del 65 sedes es de 36 deputatos pro le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 pro le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025|electiones autonomic de 2025]] producite le sequente composition del Assemblea: {| class="wikitable" |+ Composición de la Asamblea de Extremadura tras las elecciones de 2025 ! Partido ! Sedes ! Votos ! % |- | [[Partido Popular de Extremadura|Partido Popular]] (PP) | 29 | 228 300 | 43,2 % |- | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|Partido Socialista Obrero Español]] (PSOE) | 18 | 136 017 | 25,7 % |- | [[Vox (partido político)|Vox]] | 11 | 89 360 | 16,9 % |- | [[Unidas por Extremadura]] | 7 | 54 189 | 10,3 % |- ! Total ! 65 ! 507 866 ! 96,1 % |} Le majoritate absolute del Assemblea es fixate a 33 sedes. Le PP es le prime gruppo parlamentar con 29 deputatos, sequite per le PSOE con 18, Vox con 11 e Unidas por Extremadura con 7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resultados Elecciones Extremadura 2025 |url=https://resultados-elecciones.rtve.es/autonomicas/2025/extremadura/ |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]]}}</ref> === Poter executive === Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive e administrative del communitate autonome. Illo es presidite per le [[President del Junta de Extremadura]], qui dirige le action del governo regional. [[María Guardiola Martín]] es presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Illa esseva prime eligite in 2023 e deveniva le prime femina a presider le governo autonome. Post le electiones de 2025, le investitura esseva initialmente refusate in martio 2026, quando Guardiola obteneva solmente le supporto del PP. In april 2026, un accordo inter le PP e [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] permitteva su nove investitura con majoritate absolute del Assemblea. Illa esseva formalmente nominate presidente per [[Felipe VI|le Rege]] le 22 de april 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Decreto 361/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura a doña María Guardiola Martín |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/23/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8873.pdf |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura esseva [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], qui occupava le carga inter 1983 e 2007. Il esseva succedite per [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] (2007–2011), [[José Antonio Monago]] (2011–2015), e de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara (2015–2023). In 2023, [[María Guardiola]] succedeva Fernández Vara e deveniva le prime femina presidente del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=María Guardiola es investida presidenta de la Junta de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/maria-guardiola-investida-presidenta-de-la-junta-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=14 de julio 2023}}</ref> Le secunde governo de María Guardiola es supportate per un accordo inter le PP e Vox, qui dispone insimul de 40 del 65 sedes del Assemblea. Le PSOE e Unidas por Extremadura constitue le opposition parlamentar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardiola, investida presidenta de Extremadura por mayoría absoluta tras el acuerdo con Vox |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20260422/directo-segunda-jornada-debate-investidura-guardiola-extremadura-votacion/17035311.shtml |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]] |date=22 de april 2026}}</ref> Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura]] representa le [[Governo de Espania]] in le communitate autonome. Su sede se trova in [[Badajoz]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura ! Presidente ! Partito ! Periodo |- | [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 1983–2007 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2007–2011 |- | [[José Antonio Monago]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2011–2015 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2015–2023 |- | [[María Guardiola]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2023–presente |} === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Illas es etiam circumscriptiones electoral pro le electiones al [[Congresso del Deputatos]] e al [[Senato de Espania]], e possede lor respective [[deputation provincial|deputationes provincial]]. Secundo le datos del [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] al 1 de januario 2025, le provincia de Badajoz habeva 665 155 habitantes e un superficie de 21 769 km², durante que Cáceres habeva 388 190 habitantes e un superficie de 19 864 km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Provincias de Extremadura ! Provincia ! Superficie ! Population<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] }}</ref> ! Municipios |- | [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] | 19 864 km² | 388 190 hab. | 223 |- | [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] | 21 769 km² | 665 155 hab. | 165 |} Le provincia de Badajoz es le plus vaste provincia de Espania per superficie, durante que Cáceres es le secunde plus vaste. In insimul, le duo provincias constitue un del plus grande superficies provincial del pais. ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal de Extremadura]] Extremadura es organise territorialmente in 388 [[municipio]]s: 223 in le provincia de Cáceres e 165 in le provincia de Badajoz. Le numeros de municipios e le cifras de population son mantenite per le [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] in su registros official.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Le grande extension territorial del communitate e le relative basse densitate de population resulta in un grande dimension medie del terminos municipal. Inter le plus grande per superficie se trova [[Cáceres]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] e [[Alburquerque]]. [[Badajoz]] es le municipio le plus populate del communitate e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] es le secunde centro urban per population e un del principal polos administrative e universitari de Extremadura. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial de Extremadura]] Le organisation judicial del communitate es determinate secundo le [[Poter Judicial de Espania|legislation judicial espaniol]] e le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]]. Le [[Tribunal Superior de Justitia de Extremadura]] ha su sede in [[Cáceres]] e constitue le organo in le qual culmina le organisation judicial del communitate autonome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura es dividite in 21 [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial]], qui organiza le competentia territorial del [[tribunal|organo judicial]] de prime grado. ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Le legislation extremaduran permitte le creation de [[mancomunitate]]s de municipios pro le gestion in commun de servicios e pro le cooperation supramunicipal. Le [[Lege 17/2010, de mancomunitates e entidades local minor de Extremadura|Lege 17/2010]] establi le requisitos pro que un mancomunitate pote esser qualificate como ''integral'' e regula su organisation e functionamento.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley 17/2010, de 22 de diciembre, de mancomunidades y entidades locales menores de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-555 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura ha un rete de [[mancomunitate integral|mancomunitates integral]] que facilita le prestation commun de servicios municipal e le cooperation inter municipalitates. Le mancomunitates integral pote intervenir in campos como le gestion del residuos, le aqua, le protection ambiental, le servicios social, le cultura, le sport, le developpamento local, le urbanismo e le infrastructure. ; Provincia de Badajoz <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ; Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> Al margen del organisation per mancomunitates, existe in Extremadura numerose [[comarca]]s historic, geographic e cultural que non constitue necessarimente divisiones administrative official. Inter le plus cognoscite se trova [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla]]. Le distinction inter mancomunitates integral e comarcas es importante: le prime es entitates local de cooperation inter municipalitates, durante que le secunde corresponde frequentemente a regiones historic o geographic sin un status administrative uniforme. In le [[provincia de Badajoz]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]] usa etiam divisiones comarcal pro fines de organisation e cooperation territorial, ma illas non equivale al organisation administrative provincial o al mancomunitates integral. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in Extremadura]] Le population residente de Extremadura esseva de 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, secundo le [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]. Illo representava circa 2,14 % del population de Espania. Le densitate medie era de 25,3 habitantes per km², multo inferior al media espaniol.<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population se distribue in modo irregular inter le duo provincias. [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] contava 665 155 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 30,6 hab./km², durante que [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] contava 388 190 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 19,5 hab./km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population es fortemente concentrate in un numero limitate de centros urban. [[Badajoz]] es le sol municipio del communitate que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] supera 50 000, durante que [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]] es altere centros urban importante. Nonobstante, le major parte del territorio conserva un character rural. Le basse densitate del population, le grande extension del terminos municipal e le dispersion del insediamento contribui al contrasto inter le principales centros urban e vaste areas de population basse. Le [[despobulation]] es specialmente importante in alcun areas del interior e del est del communitate. Le principal concentrationes del population se trova circa le corridor del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] e in le axe que liga [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Zafra]]. Un altere concentration importante existe in le area [[Badajoz]]–[[Mérida]]–[[Don Benito]]–[[Villanueva de la Serena]]. Le areas montaniose e le sectores plus distante del principal centros urban presenta generalmente densitates nettemente inferior. === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] Le population de Extremadura ha presentate grande variationes durante le ultime cinque seculos. Le datos historic es in parte estimative e debe esser interpretate con caution, proque le definition del population e le methodos de recenseamento cambiava multo inter le periodos. Un alarde realisate in 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]] ha essite utilisate pro estimar le population del territorio extremaduran a circa 350 000 habitantes. Le [[censimento del 1591]] del [[Corona de Castilia|Corona de Castilia]] dava un cifra plus alte, de circa 540 000 habitantes, ben que le comparation con le cifras moderne es difficile per le differentias administrative e methodologic.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel |title=Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502 |journal=Norba. Revista de historia |volume=17 |year=2004 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941}}</ref> Durante le [[seculo XVIII]] le population esseva multo inferior al cifra estimate del seculo XVI, como resultato de guerras, epidemias, crises agricole e altere factores. Le censimentos del [[Etate Moderne]] es generalmente minus uniforme que le censimentos posterior. Durante le [[seculo XIX]] e le prime medietate del [[seculo XX]], le population cresceva de maniera importante. Secundo le [[Censimento de Espania de 1960|censimento de 1960]], Extremadura attingeva 1 379 072 habitantes, uno del maximos historic del population regional.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de población de 1960 |url=https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/71807.do |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> A partir del decennio de 1960 comenciava un forte processo de [[exodo rural]] e [[emigration]]. Numerose habitantes de Extremadura emigrava verso altere regiones de Espania, specialmente [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], e verso paises europee como [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Le migrationes affectava particularmente le juvene in etate active e contribueva al [[invecchiamento del population]] del areas rural. Le perdita de population esseva particolarmente forte in le decennios 1960 e 1970. Al mesme tempore, alcun capitales e centros regional acquisiva population, specialmente [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Iste processo accentuava le contrasto inter le principales centros urban e le areas rural. Durante le ultime decennios del seculo XX e le prime del seculo XXI, le population regional deveniva plus stabile, ma Extremadura continuava a haber un crescimento demographic inferior al media espaniol. Le invecchiamento e le basse natalitate deveniva factores importante del evolution demographic. In le 2020s le evolution ha de novo essite negative. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, le population de Extremadura diminuiva de 1 336 personas, o 0,13 %. Le population de nationalitate espaniol diminuiva de 4 664 personas, durante que le population de nationalitate estranjer cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %, usque a 46 556 habitantes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le evolution demographic recente es assi caracterisate per un combination de [[invecchiamento del population]], basse natalitate, saldo natural negative e un contribution crescente del immigration. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de insediamento urban e rural in Extremadura]] Le systema de population de Extremadura es policentric in comparation con altere regiones espaniol, ma non possede grande metropolitan areas. [[Badajoz]] es le principal centro urban del communitate per population e per le extension de su area de influentia. [[Cáceres]] ha un importante function administrative, universitari e cultural. [[Mérida]], capital del communitate autonome, ha un rolo institutional e administrative central. Inter le altere centros urban regional se distingue [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Zafra]], [[Montijo]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Miajadas]] e [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]. Le position geographic del communitate face que alcun areas del nord, del est e del sud ha etiam relationes functional con centros exterior a Extremadura. Inter illos se trova [[Salamanca]], [[Béjar]], [[Talavera de la Reina]], [[Ciudad Real]], [[Córdoba]] e [[Sevilla]]. Iste relationes varia secundo le services, le employment, le commercio e le communicationes. Le insediamento rural es generalmente concentrate in villages, con relativamente pauc population disperse. Iste forma de [[poblamiento concentrate]] es particularmente characteristic del penillanuras e del dehesas. Historicamente, le structure agrari, le grande extension del proprietates in alcun areas e le formas traditional de exploitation del terra contribueva al concentration del population in villages de dimension considerabile. Le architecture traditional varia secundo le parte del communitate. Le villages del sud presenta frequentemente facciatas blanchite e placias central, durante que in le nord e in le areas montaniose es presente un plus grande varietate de materiales e formas architectural. Le agricultura extensive, le [[dehesa]] e le allevamento ha exercite un importante influentia super le distribution del population rural. Le modernisation del agricultura e le mecanisation, insimul con le emigration del seculo XX, reduceva le necessitate de labor agricole e accelereva le perdita de population in multe parve municipios. === Systema urban === [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio]] Le municipios de Extremadura con plus de 7000 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025 es 19. Le cifras proveni del population official del [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177011&idp=1254734710990 |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Position ! Municipalitate ! Population |- | 1 | [[Badajoz]] | 150 209 |- | 2 | [[Cáceres]] | 96 651 |- | 3 | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60 225 |- | 4 | [[Plasencia]] | 40 132 |- | 5 | [[Don Benito]] | 37 986 |- | 6 | [[Almendralejo]] | 34 587 |- | 7 | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25 773 |- | 8 | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17 352 |- | 9 | [[Zafra]] | 16 735 |- | 10 | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15 198 |- | 11 | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12 284 |- | 12 | [[Coria]] | 12 001 |- | 13 | [[Olivenza]] | 11 789 |- | 14 | [[Miajadas]] | 9 396 |- | 15 | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9 095 |- | 16 | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8 611 |- | 17 | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8 088 |- | 18 | [[Azuaga]] | 7 587 |- | 19 | [[Talayuela]] | 7 439 |} Le lista mostra le forte concentration del population in un numero limitate de centros. Badajoz, Cáceres e Mérida forma le principal trio urban del communitate. Le altere centros de plus de 20 000 habitantes —Plasencia, Don Benito, Almendralejo e Villanueva de la Serena— ha un rolo important in lor respective areas territorial. Le concentration del population non significa un concentration territorial uniforme. Vaste areas de Extremadura conserva densitates basse e un predominio del insediamento rural. Le contrasto inter centros urban e areas de bassa densitate es un del principales characteristicas del geographia demographic del communitate. In Extremadura, duodece municipios ha le titulo historic de [[citate|citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulo de citate es un distinction historic e non implica necessarimente un minimum moderne de population. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo remontan al [[Etate Media]]. Durante le [[Etate Moderne]] esseva accordate, inter altere, le titulos de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Durante le [[seculo XIX]] esseva accordate le titulos de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === Le population de nationalitate estranjer in Extremadura ha crescite durante le ultime annos, ben que illo representa ancora un portion relativemente parve del population regional. Al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura contava 46 556 habitantes de nationalitate estranjer, circa 4,4 % del population total. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, iste population cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration es in parte concentrate in le principal centros urban e in areas con demanda de labor in le agricultura, le industria agroalimentari, le construction e le servicios. Le composition del population estranjer varia secundo le municipio e le area geographic. Durante 2024, le augmentos le plus importante in Extremadura concerneva le residentes de nationalitate colombian (+802), marocchin (+528), venezuelan (+467) e peruvian (+466).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration ha un rolo crescente in le evolution recent del population extremaduran, compensante in parte le declino del population de nationalitate espaniol e contribuente al mantenimento del population in alcun municipios. Nonobstante, le effecto demographic es irregular e non basta a compensar le basse natalitate e le invecchiamento del population in tote le territorio. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 0tvfpy14wfkshatjhkbe7bsdpbrjg3q 700003 700002 2026-09-13T11:47:16Z Interlingvisto 60932 700003 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un communitate autonome de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e su citate le plus grande es [[Badajoz]]. Situate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], illa es formate per le provincias de [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], le duo provincias plus grande de Espania per superficie. Extremadura ha frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west, con [[Castilia e León]] al nord, con [[Castilla-La Mancha]] al est e con [[Andalusia]] al sud. Le territorie es principalemente in le bassins hydrographic del [[Tajo]] e del [[Guadiana]].<ref name="Junta">Junta de Extremadura, informationes general sur le territorio, provincias e organisation administrative de Extremadura.</ref> Extremadura possede un grande diversitate de [[ecosystema]]s e un importante patrimonio natural. Le [[Parco National de Monfragüe]], designate in 2007, es un del principal areas protegite del region. Altere areas notabile include le [[Parco Natural del Tajo Internacional]], le [[Parco Natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Geoparco Mundial UNESCO Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]].<ref name="MITECO">Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, informationes sur le areas protegite e parques national de Extremadura.</ref><ref name="UNESCO">UNESCO, ''Villuercas-Ibores-Jara UNESCO Global Geopark'', informationes sur le geoparco.</ref> Le institutiones autonome ha lor sede in Mérida. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive del communitate autonome e es dirigite per le [[Presidente de Extremadura]]. Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] exerce le poter legislative regional.<ref name="Estatuto">''Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura'', Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero.</ref><ref name="Junta"/> Le [[Dia de Extremadura]] es celebrate le [[8 de septembre]]. Le data coincide con le festivitate de [[Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe]], patrona de Extremadura.<ref name="Dia">Junta de Extremadura, informationes official sur le Día de Extremadura e le festivitate del 8 de septembre.</ref> Extremadura dispone de un importante production de energia electric, specialmente de origine solar, e ha un rol crescente in le [[transition energetic]] de Espania. Le region possede etiam recursos de [[lithium]], lo que ha suscitate projectos industrial e minier ligate al production de batteries e al transition verso un economia a basse emissiones de [[carbono]].<ref name="Energia">Red Eléctrica, datos sur le production e generation electric in Extremadura e le expansion del energia renovabile.</ref><ref name="Lithium">Junta de Extremadura, informationes sur le projectos e recursos de lithium e le industria del batteries in Extremadura.</ref> == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == Extremadura es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de Espania con un systema de [[monarchia parlamentari|governo parlamentar]]. Su institutiones autonome principal es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[President del Junta de Extremadura|Presidente del Junta]]. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] constitue le norma institutional fundamental del communitate. === Antecedentes === Le [[Fuero de Baylío]] es un institution de [[derecto consuetudinari]] conservate in alcun localidades de Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] attribue al communitate autonome le conservation, defensa e protection del Fuero de Baylío e de altere institutiones del derecto consuetudinari extremaduran.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le formation historic del territorio extremaduran es anterior al actual communitate autonome. Durante le [[Etate Media]], le nomine [[Las Extremaduras|Extremaduras]] se applicava a un vaste zona de frontiera inter le regnos cristian del nord e le territorios musulman del sud. Le [[provincia de Extremadura]] esseva establite como provincia in le [[reformation territorial de 1833]] e correspondeva in grande parte al territorio del actual communitate, ben que le organisation territorial ha cambiate ulteriormente. In le [[Etate Moderne]] e [[Etate Contemporanee|Contemporanee]] se developpava institutiones juridic e administrative proprie del territorio. Le [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]], establite in [[Cáceres]] in 1790, constitueva un importante institution judicial pro le territorio extremaduran. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]]] Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative del communitate autonome. Illo es componite de 65 deputatos eligite per suffragio universal, libere, directe e secret. Le duo provincias constitue le circumscriptiones electoral del electiones autonomic. Le repartition territorial del 65 sedes es de 36 deputatos pro le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 pro le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025|electiones autonomic de 2025]] producite le sequente composition del Assemblea: {| class="wikitable" |+ Composición de la Asamblea de Extremadura tras las elecciones de 2025 ! Partido ! Sedes ! Votos ! % |- | [[Partido Popular de Extremadura|Partido Popular]] (PP) | 29 | 228 300 | 43,2 % |- | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|Partido Socialista Obrero Español]] (PSOE) | 18 | 136 017 | 25,7 % |- | [[Vox (partido político)|Vox]] | 11 | 89 360 | 16,9 % |- | [[Unidas por Extremadura]] | 7 | 54 189 | 10,3 % |- ! Total ! 65 ! 507 866 ! 96,1 % |} Le majoritate absolute del Assemblea es fixate a 33 sedes. Le PP es le prime gruppo parlamentar con 29 deputatos, sequite per le PSOE con 18, Vox con 11 e Unidas por Extremadura con 7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resultados Elecciones Extremadura 2025 |url=https://resultados-elecciones.rtve.es/autonomicas/2025/extremadura/ |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]]}}</ref> === Poter executive === Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive e administrative del communitate autonome. Illo es presidite per le [[President del Junta de Extremadura]], qui dirige le action del governo regional. [[María Guardiola Martín]] es presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Illa esseva prime eligite in 2023 e deveniva le prime femina a presider le governo autonome. Post le electiones de 2025, le investitura esseva initialmente refusate in martio 2026, quando Guardiola obteneva solmente le supporto del PP. In april 2026, un accordo inter le PP e [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] permitteva su nove investitura con majoritate absolute del Assemblea. Illa esseva formalmente nominate presidente per [[Felipe VI|le Rege]] le 22 de april 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Decreto 361/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura a doña María Guardiola Martín |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/23/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8873.pdf |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura esseva [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], qui occupava le carga inter 1983 e 2007. Il esseva succedite per [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] (2007–2011), [[José Antonio Monago]] (2011–2015), e de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara (2015–2023). In 2023, [[María Guardiola]] succedeva Fernández Vara e deveniva le prime femina presidente del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=María Guardiola es investida presidenta de la Junta de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/maria-guardiola-investida-presidenta-de-la-junta-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=14 de julio 2023}}</ref> Le secunde governo de María Guardiola es supportate per un accordo inter le PP e Vox, qui dispone insimul de 40 del 65 sedes del Assemblea. Le PSOE e Unidas por Extremadura constitue le opposition parlamentar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardiola, investida presidenta de Extremadura por mayoría absoluta tras el acuerdo con Vox |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20260422/directo-segunda-jornada-debate-investidura-guardiola-extremadura-votacion/17035311.shtml |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]] |date=22 de april 2026}}</ref> Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura]] representa le [[Governo de Espania]] in le communitate autonome. Su sede se trova in [[Badajoz]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura ! Presidente ! Partito ! Periodo |- | [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 1983–2007 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2007–2011 |- | [[José Antonio Monago]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2011–2015 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2015–2023 |- | [[María Guardiola]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2023–presente |} === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Illas es etiam circumscriptiones electoral pro le electiones al [[Congresso del Deputatos]] e al [[Senato de Espania]], e possede lor respective [[deputation provincial|deputationes provincial]]. Secundo le datos del [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] al 1 de januario 2025, le provincia de Badajoz habeva 665 155 habitantes e un superficie de 21 769 km², durante que Cáceres habeva 388 190 habitantes e un superficie de 19 864 km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Provincias de Extremadura ! Provincia ! Superficie ! Population<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] }}</ref> ! Municipios |- | [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] | 19 864 km² | 388 190 hab. | 223 |- | [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] | 21 769 km² | 665 155 hab. | 165 |} Le provincia de Badajoz es le plus vaste provincia de Espania per superficie, durante que Cáceres es le secunde plus vaste. In insimul, le duo provincias constitue un del plus grande superficies provincial del pais. ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal de Extremadura]] Extremadura es organise territorialmente in 388 [[municipio]]s: 223 in le provincia de Cáceres e 165 in le provincia de Badajoz. Le numeros de municipios e le cifras de population son mantenite per le [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] in su registros official.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Le grande extension territorial del communitate e le relative basse densitate de population resulta in un grande dimension medie del terminos municipal. Inter le plus grande per superficie se trova [[Cáceres]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] e [[Alburquerque]]. [[Badajoz]] es le municipio le plus populate del communitate e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] es le secunde centro urban per population e un del principal polos administrative e universitari de Extremadura. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial de Extremadura]] Le organisation judicial del communitate es determinate secundo le [[Poter Judicial de Espania|legislation judicial espaniol]] e le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]]. Le [[Tribunal Superior de Justitia de Extremadura]] ha su sede in [[Cáceres]] e constitue le organo in le qual culmina le organisation judicial del communitate autonome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura es dividite in 21 [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial]], qui organiza le competentia territorial del [[tribunal|organo judicial]] de prime grado. ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Le legislation extremaduran permitte le creation de [[mancomunitate]]s de municipios pro le gestion in commun de servicios e pro le cooperation supramunicipal. Le [[Lege 17/2010, de mancomunitates e entidades local minor de Extremadura|Lege 17/2010]] establi le requisitos pro que un mancomunitate pote esser qualificate como ''integral'' e regula su organisation e functionamento.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley 17/2010, de 22 de diciembre, de mancomunidades y entidades locales menores de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-555 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura ha un rete de [[mancomunitate integral|mancomunitates integral]] que facilita le prestation commun de servicios municipal e le cooperation inter municipalitates. Le mancomunitates integral pote intervenir in campos como le gestion del residuos, le aqua, le protection ambiental, le servicios social, le cultura, le sport, le developpamento local, le urbanismo e le infrastructure. ; Provincia de Badajoz <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ; Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> Al margen del organisation per mancomunitates, existe in Extremadura numerose [[comarca]]s historic, geographic e cultural que non constitue necessarimente divisiones administrative official. Inter le plus cognoscite se trova [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla]]. Le distinction inter mancomunitates integral e comarcas es importante: le prime es entitates local de cooperation inter municipalitates, durante que le secunde corresponde frequentemente a regiones historic o geographic sin un status administrative uniforme. In le [[provincia de Badajoz]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]] usa etiam divisiones comarcal pro fines de organisation e cooperation territorial, ma illas non equivale al organisation administrative provincial o al mancomunitates integral. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in Extremadura]] Le population residente de Extremadura esseva de 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, secundo le [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]. Illo representava circa 2,14 % del population de Espania. Le densitate medie era de 25,3 habitantes per km², multo inferior al media espaniol.<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population se distribue in modo irregular inter le duo provincias. [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] contava 665 155 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 30,6 hab./km², durante que [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] contava 388 190 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 19,5 hab./km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population es fortemente concentrate in un numero limitate de centros urban. [[Badajoz]] es le sol municipio del communitate que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] supera 50 000, durante que [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]] es altere centros urban importante. Nonobstante, le major parte del territorio conserva un character rural. Le basse densitate del population, le grande extension del terminos municipal e le dispersion del insediamento contribui al contrasto inter le principales centros urban e vaste areas de population basse. Le [[despobulation]] es specialmente importante in alcun areas del interior e del est del communitate. Le principal concentrationes del population se trova circa le corridor del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] e in le axe que liga [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Zafra]]. Un altere concentration importante existe in le area [[Badajoz]]–[[Mérida]]–[[Don Benito]]–[[Villanueva de la Serena]]. Le areas montaniose e le sectores plus distante del principal centros urban presenta generalmente densitates nettemente inferior. === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] Le population de Extremadura ha presentate grande variationes durante le ultime cinque seculos. Le datos historic es in parte estimative e debe esser interpretate con caution, proque le definition del population e le methodos de recenseamento cambiava multo inter le periodos. Un alarde realisate in 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]] ha essite utilisate pro estimar le population del territorio extremaduran a circa 350 000 habitantes. Le [[censimento del 1591]] del [[Corona de Castilia|Corona de Castilia]] dava un cifra plus alte, de circa 540 000 habitantes, ben que le comparation con le cifras moderne es difficile per le differentias administrative e methodologic.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel |title=Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502 |journal=Norba. Revista de historia |volume=17 |year=2004 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941}}</ref> Durante le [[seculo XVIII]] le population esseva multo inferior al cifra estimate del seculo XVI, como resultato de guerras, epidemias, crises agricole e altere factores. Le censimentos del [[Etate Moderne]] es generalmente minus uniforme que le censimentos posterior. Durante le [[seculo XIX]] e le prime medietate del [[seculo XX]], le population cresceva de maniera importante. Secundo le [[Censimento de Espania de 1960|censimento de 1960]], Extremadura attingeva 1 379 072 habitantes, uno del maximos historic del population regional.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de población de 1960 |url=https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/71807.do |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> A partir del decennio de 1960 comenciava un forte processo de [[exodo rural]] e [[emigration]]. Numerose habitantes de Extremadura emigrava verso altere regiones de Espania, specialmente [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], e verso paises europee como [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Le migrationes affectava particularmente le juvene in etate active e contribueva al [[invecchiamento del population]] del areas rural. Le perdita de population esseva particolarmente forte in le decennios 1960 e 1970. Al mesme tempore, alcun capitales e centros regional acquisiva population, specialmente [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Iste processo accentuava le contrasto inter le principales centros urban e le areas rural. Durante le ultime decennios del seculo XX e le prime del seculo XXI, le population regional deveniva plus stabile, ma Extremadura continuava a haber un crescimento demographic inferior al media espaniol. Le invecchiamento e le basse natalitate deveniva factores importante del evolution demographic. In le 2020s le evolution ha de novo essite negative. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, le population de Extremadura diminuiva de 1 336 personas, o 0,13 %. Le population de nationalitate espaniol diminuiva de 4 664 personas, durante que le population de nationalitate estranjer cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %, usque a 46 556 habitantes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le evolution demographic recente es assi caracterisate per un combination de [[invecchiamento del population]], basse natalitate, saldo natural negative e un contribution crescente del immigration. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de insediamento urban e rural in Extremadura]] Le systema de population de Extremadura es policentric in comparation con altere regiones espaniol, ma non possede grande metropolitan areas. [[Badajoz]] es le principal centro urban del communitate per population e per le extension de su area de influentia. [[Cáceres]] ha un importante function administrative, universitari e cultural. [[Mérida]], capital del communitate autonome, ha un rolo institutional e administrative central. Inter le altere centros urban regional se distingue [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Zafra]], [[Montijo]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Miajadas]] e [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]. Le position geographic del communitate face que alcun areas del nord, del est e del sud ha etiam relationes functional con centros exterior a Extremadura. Inter illos se trova [[Salamanca]], [[Béjar]], [[Talavera de la Reina]], [[Ciudad Real]], [[Córdoba]] e [[Sevilla]]. Iste relationes varia secundo le services, le employment, le commercio e le communicationes. Le insediamento rural es generalmente concentrate in villages, con relativamente pauc population disperse. Iste forma de [[poblamiento concentrate]] es particularmente characteristic del penillanuras e del dehesas. Historicamente, le structure agrari, le grande extension del proprietates in alcun areas e le formas traditional de exploitation del terra contribueva al concentration del population in villages de dimension considerabile. Le architecture traditional varia secundo le parte del communitate. Le villages del sud presenta frequentemente facciatas blanchite e placias central, durante que in le nord e in le areas montaniose es presente un plus grande varietate de materiales e formas architectural. Le agricultura extensive, le [[dehesa]] e le allevamento ha exercite un importante influentia super le distribution del population rural. Le modernisation del agricultura e le mecanisation, insimul con le emigration del seculo XX, reduceva le necessitate de labor agricole e accelereva le perdita de population in multe parve municipios. === Systema urban === [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio]] Le municipios de Extremadura con plus de 7000 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025 es 19. Le cifras proveni del population official del [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177011&idp=1254734710990 |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Position ! Municipalitate ! Population |- | 1 | [[Badajoz]] | 150 209 |- | 2 | [[Cáceres]] | 96 651 |- | 3 | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60 225 |- | 4 | [[Plasencia]] | 40 132 |- | 5 | [[Don Benito]] | 37 986 |- | 6 | [[Almendralejo]] | 34 587 |- | 7 | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25 773 |- | 8 | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17 352 |- | 9 | [[Zafra]] | 16 735 |- | 10 | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15 198 |- | 11 | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12 284 |- | 12 | [[Coria]] | 12 001 |- | 13 | [[Olivenza]] | 11 789 |- | 14 | [[Miajadas]] | 9 396 |- | 15 | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9 095 |- | 16 | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8 611 |- | 17 | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8 088 |- | 18 | [[Azuaga]] | 7 587 |- | 19 | [[Talayuela]] | 7 439 |} Le lista mostra le forte concentration del population in un numero limitate de centros. Badajoz, Cáceres e Mérida forma le principal trio urban del communitate. Le altere centros de plus de 20 000 habitantes —Plasencia, Don Benito, Almendralejo e Villanueva de la Serena— ha un rolo important in lor respective areas territorial. Le concentration del population non significa un concentration territorial uniforme. Vaste areas de Extremadura conserva densitates basse e un predominio del insediamento rural. Le contrasto inter centros urban e areas de bassa densitate es un del principales characteristicas del geographia demographic del communitate. In Extremadura, duodece municipios ha le titulo historic de [[citate|citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulo de citate es un distinction historic e non implica necessarimente un minimum moderne de population. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo remontan al [[Etate Media]]. Durante le [[Etate Moderne]] esseva accordate, inter altere, le titulos de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Durante le [[seculo XIX]] esseva accordate le titulos de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === Le population de nationalitate estranjer in Extremadura ha crescite durante le ultime annos, ben que illo representa ancora un portion relativemente parve del population regional. Al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura contava 46 556 habitantes de nationalitate estranjer, circa 4,4 % del population total. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, iste population cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration es in parte concentrate in le principal centros urban e in areas con demanda de labor in le agricultura, le industria agroalimentari, le construction e le servicios. Le composition del population estranjer varia secundo le municipio e le area geographic. Durante 2024, le augmentos le plus importante in Extremadura concerneva le residentes de nationalitate colombian (+802), marocchin (+528), venezuelan (+467) e peruvian (+466).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration ha un rolo crescente in le evolution recent del population extremaduran, compensante in parte le declino del population de nationalitate espaniol e contribuente al mantenimento del population in alcun municipios. Nonobstante, le effecto demographic es irregular e non basta a compensar le basse natalitate e le invecchiamento del population in tote le territorio. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 4i6ezgfpngsgets4x23kkv1e33m15r1 700004 700003 2026-09-13T11:48:38Z Interlingvisto 60932 700004 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e [[Badajoz]] es su citate le plus populate. Situate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], Extremadura es formate per le provincias de [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], le duo provincias plus grande de Espania per superficie. Illa ha frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west, con [[Castilia e León]] al nord, con [[Castilla-La Mancha]] al est e con [[Andalusia]] al sud. Le major parte de su territorio appartene al bacinos del [[Tajo]] e del [[Guadiana]].<ref name="JuntaExtremaduraTerritorio">Junta de Extremadura, ''Extremadura en cifras'', datos territoriales de la communitate autonome. Le superficie total es 41 634 km² e le territorio es dividite inter le provincias de Cáceres e Badajoz.</ref> Con 41 634 km² e 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura es un del communitates autonome le plus vaste e le plus pauc densamente populate de Espania.<ref name="IEExCenso2025">Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura, ''Censo de población. 2025'': le population residente in Extremadura al 1 de januario 2025 esseva de 1 053 345 personas.</ref><ref name="JuntaExtremaduraSuperficie">Junta de Extremadura, ''Extremadura en cifras'', superficie territorial de 41 634 km².</ref> Le region possede un importante patrimonio natural, con areas protegite como le [[Parco National de Monfragüe]], le [[Parco Natural del Tajo Internacional]] e le [[Parco Natural de Cornalvo]].<ref name="MonfragueMITECO">Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico, ''Parque Nacional de Monfragüe'': Monfragüe ha le categoria de Parco National desde martio 2007, per le Lege 1/2007 del 2 de martio.</ref><ref name="TajoInternacionalJunta">Junta de Extremadura, ''Parque Natural Tajo Internacional''.</ref><ref name="CornalvoJunta">Junta de Extremadura, ''Parque Natural de Cornalvo'': Cornalvo esseva declarate parco natural in 1993.</ref> Illa include etiam le [[Geoparco Mundial UNESCO Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] e numerose altere spatio de valor ecologic e geologic.<ref name="UNESCOVilluercas">UNESCO, ''Villuercas-Ibores-Jara UNESCO Global Geopark'': le geoparco es parte del rete UNESCO de geoparcos mundial desde 2015.</ref> Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive del communitate autonome e es dirigite per le [[Presidente de Extremadura]]. Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative regional.<ref name="EstatutoExtremadura">[[BOE]], ''Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de januario, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura''.</ref> Le [[Dia de Extremadura]] es celebrate le [[8 de septembre]], data associate con le festivitate de [[Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe]].<ref name="DiaExtremadura">[[BOE]], ''Ley 4/1985, de 3 de junio, del Escudo, Himno y día de Extremadura'', articulos 13–14: le 8 de septembre es declarate «Día de Extremadura» e coincide con le festivitate del Virgen de Guadalupe.</ref> Extremadura ha un important production de energia electric, particularmente de origine solar, e possede recursos de [[lithium]] que ha suscitate projectos industrial ligate al transition energetic e al production de batteries.<ref name="REE2025">Red Eléctrica, datos del systema electric de 2025: le solar photovoltaic representava 35 % del production electric de Extremadura e le 85,6 % del parco de generation esseva constituite per technologias renovabile.</ref><ref name="LithiumBatteriesExtremadura">Junta de Extremadura, informationes sur le futura fabrica de batteries de lithium de Navalmoral de la Mata e le projectos industrial ligate al batteries.<ref name="LithiumMaterialsMerida">Diario Oficial de Extremadura, Decreto 19/2025, relative a un projecto de fabrica de materiales pro cathodos de batteries de lithium-ferro-phosphate in Mérida.</ref></ref> == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == Extremadura es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de Espania con un systema de [[monarchia parlamentari|governo parlamentar]]. Su institutiones autonome principal es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[President del Junta de Extremadura|Presidente del Junta]]. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] constitue le norma institutional fundamental del communitate. === Antecedentes === Le [[Fuero de Baylío]] es un institution de [[derecto consuetudinari]] conservate in alcun localidades de Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] attribue al communitate autonome le conservation, defensa e protection del Fuero de Baylío e de altere institutiones del derecto consuetudinari extremaduran.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le formation historic del territorio extremaduran es anterior al actual communitate autonome. Durante le [[Etate Media]], le nomine [[Las Extremaduras|Extremaduras]] se applicava a un vaste zona de frontiera inter le regnos cristian del nord e le territorios musulman del sud. Le [[provincia de Extremadura]] esseva establite como provincia in le [[reformation territorial de 1833]] e correspondeva in grande parte al territorio del actual communitate, ben que le organisation territorial ha cambiate ulteriormente. In le [[Etate Moderne]] e [[Etate Contemporanee|Contemporanee]] se developpava institutiones juridic e administrative proprie del territorio. Le [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]], establite in [[Cáceres]] in 1790, constitueva un importante institution judicial pro le territorio extremaduran. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]]] Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative del communitate autonome. Illo es componite de 65 deputatos eligite per suffragio universal, libere, directe e secret. Le duo provincias constitue le circumscriptiones electoral del electiones autonomic. Le repartition territorial del 65 sedes es de 36 deputatos pro le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 pro le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025|electiones autonomic de 2025]] producite le sequente composition del Assemblea: {| class="wikitable" |+ Composición de la Asamblea de Extremadura tras las elecciones de 2025 ! Partido ! Sedes ! Votos ! % |- | [[Partido Popular de Extremadura|Partido Popular]] (PP) | 29 | 228 300 | 43,2 % |- | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|Partido Socialista Obrero Español]] (PSOE) | 18 | 136 017 | 25,7 % |- | [[Vox (partido político)|Vox]] | 11 | 89 360 | 16,9 % |- | [[Unidas por Extremadura]] | 7 | 54 189 | 10,3 % |- ! Total ! 65 ! 507 866 ! 96,1 % |} Le majoritate absolute del Assemblea es fixate a 33 sedes. Le PP es le prime gruppo parlamentar con 29 deputatos, sequite per le PSOE con 18, Vox con 11 e Unidas por Extremadura con 7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resultados Elecciones Extremadura 2025 |url=https://resultados-elecciones.rtve.es/autonomicas/2025/extremadura/ |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]]}}</ref> === Poter executive === Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive e administrative del communitate autonome. Illo es presidite per le [[President del Junta de Extremadura]], qui dirige le action del governo regional. [[María Guardiola Martín]] es presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Illa esseva prime eligite in 2023 e deveniva le prime femina a presider le governo autonome. Post le electiones de 2025, le investitura esseva initialmente refusate in martio 2026, quando Guardiola obteneva solmente le supporto del PP. In april 2026, un accordo inter le PP e [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] permitteva su nove investitura con majoritate absolute del Assemblea. Illa esseva formalmente nominate presidente per [[Felipe VI|le Rege]] le 22 de april 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Decreto 361/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura a doña María Guardiola Martín |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/23/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8873.pdf |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura esseva [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], qui occupava le carga inter 1983 e 2007. Il esseva succedite per [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] (2007–2011), [[José Antonio Monago]] (2011–2015), e de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara (2015–2023). In 2023, [[María Guardiola]] succedeva Fernández Vara e deveniva le prime femina presidente del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=María Guardiola es investida presidenta de la Junta de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/maria-guardiola-investida-presidenta-de-la-junta-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=14 de julio 2023}}</ref> Le secunde governo de María Guardiola es supportate per un accordo inter le PP e Vox, qui dispone insimul de 40 del 65 sedes del Assemblea. Le PSOE e Unidas por Extremadura constitue le opposition parlamentar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardiola, investida presidenta de Extremadura por mayoría absoluta tras el acuerdo con Vox |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20260422/directo-segunda-jornada-debate-investidura-guardiola-extremadura-votacion/17035311.shtml |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]] |date=22 de april 2026}}</ref> Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura]] representa le [[Governo de Espania]] in le communitate autonome. Su sede se trova in [[Badajoz]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura ! Presidente ! Partito ! Periodo |- | [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 1983–2007 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2007–2011 |- | [[José Antonio Monago]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2011–2015 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2015–2023 |- | [[María Guardiola]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2023–presente |} === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Illas es etiam circumscriptiones electoral pro le electiones al [[Congresso del Deputatos]] e al [[Senato de Espania]], e possede lor respective [[deputation provincial|deputationes provincial]]. Secundo le datos del [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] al 1 de januario 2025, le provincia de Badajoz habeva 665 155 habitantes e un superficie de 21 769 km², durante que Cáceres habeva 388 190 habitantes e un superficie de 19 864 km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Provincias de Extremadura ! Provincia ! Superficie ! Population<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] }}</ref> ! Municipios |- | [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] | 19 864 km² | 388 190 hab. | 223 |- | [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] | 21 769 km² | 665 155 hab. | 165 |} Le provincia de Badajoz es le plus vaste provincia de Espania per superficie, durante que Cáceres es le secunde plus vaste. In insimul, le duo provincias constitue un del plus grande superficies provincial del pais. ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal de Extremadura]] Extremadura es organise territorialmente in 388 [[municipio]]s: 223 in le provincia de Cáceres e 165 in le provincia de Badajoz. Le numeros de municipios e le cifras de population son mantenite per le [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] in su registros official.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Le grande extension territorial del communitate e le relative basse densitate de population resulta in un grande dimension medie del terminos municipal. Inter le plus grande per superficie se trova [[Cáceres]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] e [[Alburquerque]]. [[Badajoz]] es le municipio le plus populate del communitate e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] es le secunde centro urban per population e un del principal polos administrative e universitari de Extremadura. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial de Extremadura]] Le organisation judicial del communitate es determinate secundo le [[Poter Judicial de Espania|legislation judicial espaniol]] e le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]]. Le [[Tribunal Superior de Justitia de Extremadura]] ha su sede in [[Cáceres]] e constitue le organo in le qual culmina le organisation judicial del communitate autonome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura es dividite in 21 [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial]], qui organiza le competentia territorial del [[tribunal|organo judicial]] de prime grado. ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Le legislation extremaduran permitte le creation de [[mancomunitate]]s de municipios pro le gestion in commun de servicios e pro le cooperation supramunicipal. Le [[Lege 17/2010, de mancomunitates e entidades local minor de Extremadura|Lege 17/2010]] establi le requisitos pro que un mancomunitate pote esser qualificate como ''integral'' e regula su organisation e functionamento.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley 17/2010, de 22 de diciembre, de mancomunidades y entidades locales menores de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-555 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura ha un rete de [[mancomunitate integral|mancomunitates integral]] que facilita le prestation commun de servicios municipal e le cooperation inter municipalitates. Le mancomunitates integral pote intervenir in campos como le gestion del residuos, le aqua, le protection ambiental, le servicios social, le cultura, le sport, le developpamento local, le urbanismo e le infrastructure. ; Provincia de Badajoz <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ; Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> Al margen del organisation per mancomunitates, existe in Extremadura numerose [[comarca]]s historic, geographic e cultural que non constitue necessarimente divisiones administrative official. Inter le plus cognoscite se trova [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla]]. Le distinction inter mancomunitates integral e comarcas es importante: le prime es entitates local de cooperation inter municipalitates, durante que le secunde corresponde frequentemente a regiones historic o geographic sin un status administrative uniforme. In le [[provincia de Badajoz]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]] usa etiam divisiones comarcal pro fines de organisation e cooperation territorial, ma illas non equivale al organisation administrative provincial o al mancomunitates integral. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in Extremadura]] Le population residente de Extremadura esseva de 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, secundo le [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]. Illo representava circa 2,14 % del population de Espania. Le densitate medie era de 25,3 habitantes per km², multo inferior al media espaniol.<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population se distribue in modo irregular inter le duo provincias. [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] contava 665 155 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 30,6 hab./km², durante que [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] contava 388 190 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 19,5 hab./km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population es fortemente concentrate in un numero limitate de centros urban. [[Badajoz]] es le sol municipio del communitate que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] supera 50 000, durante que [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]] es altere centros urban importante. Nonobstante, le major parte del territorio conserva un character rural. Le basse densitate del population, le grande extension del terminos municipal e le dispersion del insediamento contribui al contrasto inter le principales centros urban e vaste areas de population basse. Le [[despobulation]] es specialmente importante in alcun areas del interior e del est del communitate. Le principal concentrationes del population se trova circa le corridor del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] e in le axe que liga [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Zafra]]. Un altere concentration importante existe in le area [[Badajoz]]–[[Mérida]]–[[Don Benito]]–[[Villanueva de la Serena]]. Le areas montaniose e le sectores plus distante del principal centros urban presenta generalmente densitates nettemente inferior. === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] Le population de Extremadura ha presentate grande variationes durante le ultime cinque seculos. Le datos historic es in parte estimative e debe esser interpretate con caution, proque le definition del population e le methodos de recenseamento cambiava multo inter le periodos. Un alarde realisate in 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]] ha essite utilisate pro estimar le population del territorio extremaduran a circa 350 000 habitantes. Le [[censimento del 1591]] del [[Corona de Castilia|Corona de Castilia]] dava un cifra plus alte, de circa 540 000 habitantes, ben que le comparation con le cifras moderne es difficile per le differentias administrative e methodologic.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel |title=Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502 |journal=Norba. Revista de historia |volume=17 |year=2004 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941}}</ref> Durante le [[seculo XVIII]] le population esseva multo inferior al cifra estimate del seculo XVI, como resultato de guerras, epidemias, crises agricole e altere factores. Le censimentos del [[Etate Moderne]] es generalmente minus uniforme que le censimentos posterior. Durante le [[seculo XIX]] e le prime medietate del [[seculo XX]], le population cresceva de maniera importante. Secundo le [[Censimento de Espania de 1960|censimento de 1960]], Extremadura attingeva 1 379 072 habitantes, uno del maximos historic del population regional.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de población de 1960 |url=https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/71807.do |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> A partir del decennio de 1960 comenciava un forte processo de [[exodo rural]] e [[emigration]]. Numerose habitantes de Extremadura emigrava verso altere regiones de Espania, specialmente [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], e verso paises europee como [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Le migrationes affectava particularmente le juvene in etate active e contribueva al [[invecchiamento del population]] del areas rural. Le perdita de population esseva particolarmente forte in le decennios 1960 e 1970. Al mesme tempore, alcun capitales e centros regional acquisiva population, specialmente [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Iste processo accentuava le contrasto inter le principales centros urban e le areas rural. Durante le ultime decennios del seculo XX e le prime del seculo XXI, le population regional deveniva plus stabile, ma Extremadura continuava a haber un crescimento demographic inferior al media espaniol. Le invecchiamento e le basse natalitate deveniva factores importante del evolution demographic. In le 2020s le evolution ha de novo essite negative. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, le population de Extremadura diminuiva de 1 336 personas, o 0,13 %. Le population de nationalitate espaniol diminuiva de 4 664 personas, durante que le population de nationalitate estranjer cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %, usque a 46 556 habitantes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le evolution demographic recente es assi caracterisate per un combination de [[invecchiamento del population]], basse natalitate, saldo natural negative e un contribution crescente del immigration. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de insediamento urban e rural in Extremadura]] Le systema de population de Extremadura es policentric in comparation con altere regiones espaniol, ma non possede grande metropolitan areas. [[Badajoz]] es le principal centro urban del communitate per population e per le extension de su area de influentia. [[Cáceres]] ha un importante function administrative, universitari e cultural. [[Mérida]], capital del communitate autonome, ha un rolo institutional e administrative central. Inter le altere centros urban regional se distingue [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Zafra]], [[Montijo]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Miajadas]] e [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]. Le position geographic del communitate face que alcun areas del nord, del est e del sud ha etiam relationes functional con centros exterior a Extremadura. Inter illos se trova [[Salamanca]], [[Béjar]], [[Talavera de la Reina]], [[Ciudad Real]], [[Córdoba]] e [[Sevilla]]. Iste relationes varia secundo le services, le employment, le commercio e le communicationes. Le insediamento rural es generalmente concentrate in villages, con relativamente pauc population disperse. Iste forma de [[poblamiento concentrate]] es particularmente characteristic del penillanuras e del dehesas. Historicamente, le structure agrari, le grande extension del proprietates in alcun areas e le formas traditional de exploitation del terra contribueva al concentration del population in villages de dimension considerabile. Le architecture traditional varia secundo le parte del communitate. Le villages del sud presenta frequentemente facciatas blanchite e placias central, durante que in le nord e in le areas montaniose es presente un plus grande varietate de materiales e formas architectural. Le agricultura extensive, le [[dehesa]] e le allevamento ha exercite un importante influentia super le distribution del population rural. Le modernisation del agricultura e le mecanisation, insimul con le emigration del seculo XX, reduceva le necessitate de labor agricole e accelereva le perdita de population in multe parve municipios. === Systema urban === [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio]] Le municipios de Extremadura con plus de 7000 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025 es 19. Le cifras proveni del population official del [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177011&idp=1254734710990 |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Position ! Municipalitate ! Population |- | 1 | [[Badajoz]] | 150 209 |- | 2 | [[Cáceres]] | 96 651 |- | 3 | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60 225 |- | 4 | [[Plasencia]] | 40 132 |- | 5 | [[Don Benito]] | 37 986 |- | 6 | [[Almendralejo]] | 34 587 |- | 7 | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25 773 |- | 8 | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17 352 |- | 9 | [[Zafra]] | 16 735 |- | 10 | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15 198 |- | 11 | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12 284 |- | 12 | [[Coria]] | 12 001 |- | 13 | [[Olivenza]] | 11 789 |- | 14 | [[Miajadas]] | 9 396 |- | 15 | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9 095 |- | 16 | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8 611 |- | 17 | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8 088 |- | 18 | [[Azuaga]] | 7 587 |- | 19 | [[Talayuela]] | 7 439 |} Le lista mostra le forte concentration del population in un numero limitate de centros. Badajoz, Cáceres e Mérida forma le principal trio urban del communitate. Le altere centros de plus de 20 000 habitantes —Plasencia, Don Benito, Almendralejo e Villanueva de la Serena— ha un rolo important in lor respective areas territorial. Le concentration del population non significa un concentration territorial uniforme. Vaste areas de Extremadura conserva densitates basse e un predominio del insediamento rural. Le contrasto inter centros urban e areas de bassa densitate es un del principales characteristicas del geographia demographic del communitate. In Extremadura, duodece municipios ha le titulo historic de [[citate|citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulo de citate es un distinction historic e non implica necessarimente un minimum moderne de population. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo remontan al [[Etate Media]]. Durante le [[Etate Moderne]] esseva accordate, inter altere, le titulos de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Durante le [[seculo XIX]] esseva accordate le titulos de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === Le population de nationalitate estranjer in Extremadura ha crescite durante le ultime annos, ben que illo representa ancora un portion relativemente parve del population regional. Al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura contava 46 556 habitantes de nationalitate estranjer, circa 4,4 % del population total. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, iste population cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration es in parte concentrate in le principal centros urban e in areas con demanda de labor in le agricultura, le industria agroalimentari, le construction e le servicios. Le composition del population estranjer varia secundo le municipio e le area geographic. Durante 2024, le augmentos le plus importante in Extremadura concerneva le residentes de nationalitate colombian (+802), marocchin (+528), venezuelan (+467) e peruvian (+466).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration ha un rolo crescente in le evolution recent del population extremaduran, compensante in parte le declino del population de nationalitate espaniol e contribuente al mantenimento del population in alcun municipios. Nonobstante, le effecto demographic es irregular e non basta a compensar le basse natalitate e le invecchiamento del population in tote le territorio. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] q65i87be9mn6g22xgm347pyl8k5kgtz 700005 700004 2026-09-13T11:49:31Z Interlingvisto 60932 700005 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e [[Badajoz]] es su citate le plus populate. Situate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], Extremadura es formate per le provincias de [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], le duo provincias plus grande de Espania per superficie. Illa ha frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west, con [[Castilia e León]] al nord, con [[Castilla-La Mancha]] al est e con [[Andalusia]] al sud. Le major parte de su territorio appartene al [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Tajo]] e del [[Guadiana]].<ref name="Statuto">{{cite web |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de januario, de reforma del Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura |publisher=[[Boletin Oficial del Stato]] |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Con 41 634 km² e 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura es un del communitates autonome le plus pauc densamente populate de Espania.<ref name="INE2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |title=Espania in cifras 2026 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Espania)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Le region possede un importante patrimonio natural, con areas protegite como le [[Parco National de Monfragüe]], le [[Parco Natural del Tajo Internacional]] e le [[Parco Natural de Cornalvo]].<ref name="Monfrague">{{cite web |url=https://turismoextremadura.juntaex.es/es/explora/Monfraguee-National-Park/ |title=Parco National de Monfragüe |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref><ref name="Tajo">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |title=Parco Natural del Tajo Internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref><ref name="Cornalvo">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |title=Parco Natural de Cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Illa include etiam le [[Geoparco Mundial UNESCO Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] e numerose altere areas de valor ecologic e geologic. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive del communitate autonome e es dirigite per le [[Presidente de Extremadura]]. Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative regional. [[Mérida]] es le capital e sede del Assemblea, del Presidencia e del Junta de Extremadura.<ref name="Statuto"/><ref name="Capitalitate">{{cite web |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328 |title=Ley 7/2015, de 31 de martio, per le qual es regulate le Statuto de Capitalitate de Mérida |publisher=[[Boletin Oficial del Stato]] |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Le [[Dia de Extremadura]] es celebrate le [[8 de septembre]], data associate con le festivitate de [[Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe]]. Extremadura ha un important production de energia electric, particularmente de origine solar.<ref name="AnnuarioEnergia">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/5548153/Anuario_2025.pdf/ab27ff81-19b4-c9cc-b680-ddcfd99565cd |title=Annuario statistic 2025 |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Le region possede etiam recursos de [[lithium]], e plure projectos industrial ligate al exploitation del mineral e al fabrication de materiales pro batteries ha essite promovite o tramutate in Extremadura.<ref name="LithiumNavas">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/doe-y-mina-litio |title=Projecto integral de aprovechamento de lithium in le mina Las Navas |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=30 de decembre 2022 |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref><ref name="LithiumMerida">{{cite web |url=https://doe.juntaex.es/otrosFormatos/html.php?anio=2025&doe=670o&xml=2025040039 |title=Decreto 19/2025: planta de fabrication de materiales pro cathodos de baterias de lithium ferrofosfato |publisher=Diario Oficial de Extremadura |date=7 de april 2025 |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == Extremadura es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de Espania con un systema de [[monarchia parlamentari|governo parlamentar]]. Su institutiones autonome principal es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[President del Junta de Extremadura|Presidente del Junta]]. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] constitue le norma institutional fundamental del communitate. === Antecedentes === Le [[Fuero de Baylío]] es un institution de [[derecto consuetudinari]] conservate in alcun localidades de Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] attribue al communitate autonome le conservation, defensa e protection del Fuero de Baylío e de altere institutiones del derecto consuetudinari extremaduran.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le formation historic del territorio extremaduran es anterior al actual communitate autonome. Durante le [[Etate Media]], le nomine [[Las Extremaduras|Extremaduras]] se applicava a un vaste zona de frontiera inter le regnos cristian del nord e le territorios musulman del sud. Le [[provincia de Extremadura]] esseva establite como provincia in le [[reformation territorial de 1833]] e correspondeva in grande parte al territorio del actual communitate, ben que le organisation territorial ha cambiate ulteriormente. In le [[Etate Moderne]] e [[Etate Contemporanee|Contemporanee]] se developpava institutiones juridic e administrative proprie del territorio. Le [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]], establite in [[Cáceres]] in 1790, constitueva un importante institution judicial pro le territorio extremaduran. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]]] Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative del communitate autonome. Illo es componite de 65 deputatos eligite per suffragio universal, libere, directe e secret. Le duo provincias constitue le circumscriptiones electoral del electiones autonomic. Le repartition territorial del 65 sedes es de 36 deputatos pro le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 pro le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025|electiones autonomic de 2025]] producite le sequente composition del Assemblea: {| class="wikitable" |+ Composición de la Asamblea de Extremadura tras las elecciones de 2025 ! Partido ! Sedes ! Votos ! % |- | [[Partido Popular de Extremadura|Partido Popular]] (PP) | 29 | 228 300 | 43,2 % |- | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|Partido Socialista Obrero Español]] (PSOE) | 18 | 136 017 | 25,7 % |- | [[Vox (partido político)|Vox]] | 11 | 89 360 | 16,9 % |- | [[Unidas por Extremadura]] | 7 | 54 189 | 10,3 % |- ! Total ! 65 ! 507 866 ! 96,1 % |} Le majoritate absolute del Assemblea es fixate a 33 sedes. Le PP es le prime gruppo parlamentar con 29 deputatos, sequite per le PSOE con 18, Vox con 11 e Unidas por Extremadura con 7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resultados Elecciones Extremadura 2025 |url=https://resultados-elecciones.rtve.es/autonomicas/2025/extremadura/ |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]]}}</ref> === Poter executive === Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive e administrative del communitate autonome. Illo es presidite per le [[President del Junta de Extremadura]], qui dirige le action del governo regional. [[María Guardiola Martín]] es presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Illa esseva prime eligite in 2023 e deveniva le prime femina a presider le governo autonome. Post le electiones de 2025, le investitura esseva initialmente refusate in martio 2026, quando Guardiola obteneva solmente le supporto del PP. In april 2026, un accordo inter le PP e [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] permitteva su nove investitura con majoritate absolute del Assemblea. Illa esseva formalmente nominate presidente per [[Felipe VI|le Rege]] le 22 de april 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Decreto 361/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura a doña María Guardiola Martín |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/23/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8873.pdf |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura esseva [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], qui occupava le carga inter 1983 e 2007. Il esseva succedite per [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] (2007–2011), [[José Antonio Monago]] (2011–2015), e de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara (2015–2023). In 2023, [[María Guardiola]] succedeva Fernández Vara e deveniva le prime femina presidente del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=María Guardiola es investida presidenta de la Junta de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/maria-guardiola-investida-presidenta-de-la-junta-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=14 de julio 2023}}</ref> Le secunde governo de María Guardiola es supportate per un accordo inter le PP e Vox, qui dispone insimul de 40 del 65 sedes del Assemblea. Le PSOE e Unidas por Extremadura constitue le opposition parlamentar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardiola, investida presidenta de Extremadura por mayoría absoluta tras el acuerdo con Vox |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20260422/directo-segunda-jornada-debate-investidura-guardiola-extremadura-votacion/17035311.shtml |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]] |date=22 de april 2026}}</ref> Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura]] representa le [[Governo de Espania]] in le communitate autonome. Su sede se trova in [[Badajoz]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura ! Presidente ! Partito ! Periodo |- | [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 1983–2007 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2007–2011 |- | [[José Antonio Monago]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2011–2015 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2015–2023 |- | [[María Guardiola]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2023–presente |} === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Illas es etiam circumscriptiones electoral pro le electiones al [[Congresso del Deputatos]] e al [[Senato de Espania]], e possede lor respective [[deputation provincial|deputationes provincial]]. Secundo le datos del [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] al 1 de januario 2025, le provincia de Badajoz habeva 665 155 habitantes e un superficie de 21 769 km², durante que Cáceres habeva 388 190 habitantes e un superficie de 19 864 km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Provincias de Extremadura ! Provincia ! Superficie ! Population<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] }}</ref> ! Municipios |- | [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] | 19 864 km² | 388 190 hab. | 223 |- | [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] | 21 769 km² | 665 155 hab. | 165 |} Le provincia de Badajoz es le plus vaste provincia de Espania per superficie, durante que Cáceres es le secunde plus vaste. In insimul, le duo provincias constitue un del plus grande superficies provincial del pais. ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal de Extremadura]] Extremadura es organise territorialmente in 388 [[municipio]]s: 223 in le provincia de Cáceres e 165 in le provincia de Badajoz. Le numeros de municipios e le cifras de population son mantenite per le [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] in su registros official.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Le grande extension territorial del communitate e le relative basse densitate de population resulta in un grande dimension medie del terminos municipal. Inter le plus grande per superficie se trova [[Cáceres]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] e [[Alburquerque]]. [[Badajoz]] es le municipio le plus populate del communitate e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] es le secunde centro urban per population e un del principal polos administrative e universitari de Extremadura. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial de Extremadura]] Le organisation judicial del communitate es determinate secundo le [[Poter Judicial de Espania|legislation judicial espaniol]] e le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]]. Le [[Tribunal Superior de Justitia de Extremadura]] ha su sede in [[Cáceres]] e constitue le organo in le qual culmina le organisation judicial del communitate autonome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura es dividite in 21 [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial]], qui organiza le competentia territorial del [[tribunal|organo judicial]] de prime grado. ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Le legislation extremaduran permitte le creation de [[mancomunitate]]s de municipios pro le gestion in commun de servicios e pro le cooperation supramunicipal. Le [[Lege 17/2010, de mancomunitates e entidades local minor de Extremadura|Lege 17/2010]] establi le requisitos pro que un mancomunitate pote esser qualificate como ''integral'' e regula su organisation e functionamento.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley 17/2010, de 22 de diciembre, de mancomunidades y entidades locales menores de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-555 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura ha un rete de [[mancomunitate integral|mancomunitates integral]] que facilita le prestation commun de servicios municipal e le cooperation inter municipalitates. Le mancomunitates integral pote intervenir in campos como le gestion del residuos, le aqua, le protection ambiental, le servicios social, le cultura, le sport, le developpamento local, le urbanismo e le infrastructure. ; Provincia de Badajoz <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ; Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> Al margen del organisation per mancomunitates, existe in Extremadura numerose [[comarca]]s historic, geographic e cultural que non constitue necessarimente divisiones administrative official. Inter le plus cognoscite se trova [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla]]. Le distinction inter mancomunitates integral e comarcas es importante: le prime es entitates local de cooperation inter municipalitates, durante que le secunde corresponde frequentemente a regiones historic o geographic sin un status administrative uniforme. In le [[provincia de Badajoz]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]] usa etiam divisiones comarcal pro fines de organisation e cooperation territorial, ma illas non equivale al organisation administrative provincial o al mancomunitates integral. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in Extremadura]] Le population residente de Extremadura esseva de 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, secundo le [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]. Illo representava circa 2,14 % del population de Espania. Le densitate medie era de 25,3 habitantes per km², multo inferior al media espaniol.<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population se distribue in modo irregular inter le duo provincias. [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] contava 665 155 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 30,6 hab./km², durante que [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] contava 388 190 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 19,5 hab./km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population es fortemente concentrate in un numero limitate de centros urban. [[Badajoz]] es le sol municipio del communitate que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] supera 50 000, durante que [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]] es altere centros urban importante. Nonobstante, le major parte del territorio conserva un character rural. Le basse densitate del population, le grande extension del terminos municipal e le dispersion del insediamento contribui al contrasto inter le principales centros urban e vaste areas de population basse. Le [[despobulation]] es specialmente importante in alcun areas del interior e del est del communitate. Le principal concentrationes del population se trova circa le corridor del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] e in le axe que liga [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Zafra]]. Un altere concentration importante existe in le area [[Badajoz]]–[[Mérida]]–[[Don Benito]]–[[Villanueva de la Serena]]. Le areas montaniose e le sectores plus distante del principal centros urban presenta generalmente densitates nettemente inferior. === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] Le population de Extremadura ha presentate grande variationes durante le ultime cinque seculos. Le datos historic es in parte estimative e debe esser interpretate con caution, proque le definition del population e le methodos de recenseamento cambiava multo inter le periodos. Un alarde realisate in 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]] ha essite utilisate pro estimar le population del territorio extremaduran a circa 350 000 habitantes. Le [[censimento del 1591]] del [[Corona de Castilia|Corona de Castilia]] dava un cifra plus alte, de circa 540 000 habitantes, ben que le comparation con le cifras moderne es difficile per le differentias administrative e methodologic.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel |title=Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502 |journal=Norba. Revista de historia |volume=17 |year=2004 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941}}</ref> Durante le [[seculo XVIII]] le population esseva multo inferior al cifra estimate del seculo XVI, como resultato de guerras, epidemias, crises agricole e altere factores. Le censimentos del [[Etate Moderne]] es generalmente minus uniforme que le censimentos posterior. Durante le [[seculo XIX]] e le prime medietate del [[seculo XX]], le population cresceva de maniera importante. Secundo le [[Censimento de Espania de 1960|censimento de 1960]], Extremadura attingeva 1 379 072 habitantes, uno del maximos historic del population regional.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de población de 1960 |url=https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/71807.do |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> A partir del decennio de 1960 comenciava un forte processo de [[exodo rural]] e [[emigration]]. Numerose habitantes de Extremadura emigrava verso altere regiones de Espania, specialmente [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], e verso paises europee como [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Le migrationes affectava particularmente le juvene in etate active e contribueva al [[invecchiamento del population]] del areas rural. Le perdita de population esseva particolarmente forte in le decennios 1960 e 1970. Al mesme tempore, alcun capitales e centros regional acquisiva population, specialmente [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Iste processo accentuava le contrasto inter le principales centros urban e le areas rural. Durante le ultime decennios del seculo XX e le prime del seculo XXI, le population regional deveniva plus stabile, ma Extremadura continuava a haber un crescimento demographic inferior al media espaniol. Le invecchiamento e le basse natalitate deveniva factores importante del evolution demographic. In le 2020s le evolution ha de novo essite negative. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, le population de Extremadura diminuiva de 1 336 personas, o 0,13 %. Le population de nationalitate espaniol diminuiva de 4 664 personas, durante que le population de nationalitate estranjer cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %, usque a 46 556 habitantes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le evolution demographic recente es assi caracterisate per un combination de [[invecchiamento del population]], basse natalitate, saldo natural negative e un contribution crescente del immigration. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de insediamento urban e rural in Extremadura]] Le systema de population de Extremadura es policentric in comparation con altere regiones espaniol, ma non possede grande metropolitan areas. [[Badajoz]] es le principal centro urban del communitate per population e per le extension de su area de influentia. [[Cáceres]] ha un importante function administrative, universitari e cultural. [[Mérida]], capital del communitate autonome, ha un rolo institutional e administrative central. Inter le altere centros urban regional se distingue [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Zafra]], [[Montijo]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Miajadas]] e [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]. Le position geographic del communitate face que alcun areas del nord, del est e del sud ha etiam relationes functional con centros exterior a Extremadura. Inter illos se trova [[Salamanca]], [[Béjar]], [[Talavera de la Reina]], [[Ciudad Real]], [[Córdoba]] e [[Sevilla]]. Iste relationes varia secundo le services, le employment, le commercio e le communicationes. Le insediamento rural es generalmente concentrate in villages, con relativamente pauc population disperse. Iste forma de [[poblamiento concentrate]] es particularmente characteristic del penillanuras e del dehesas. Historicamente, le structure agrari, le grande extension del proprietates in alcun areas e le formas traditional de exploitation del terra contribueva al concentration del population in villages de dimension considerabile. Le architecture traditional varia secundo le parte del communitate. Le villages del sud presenta frequentemente facciatas blanchite e placias central, durante que in le nord e in le areas montaniose es presente un plus grande varietate de materiales e formas architectural. Le agricultura extensive, le [[dehesa]] e le allevamento ha exercite un importante influentia super le distribution del population rural. Le modernisation del agricultura e le mecanisation, insimul con le emigration del seculo XX, reduceva le necessitate de labor agricole e accelereva le perdita de population in multe parve municipios. === Systema urban === [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio]] Le municipios de Extremadura con plus de 7000 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025 es 19. Le cifras proveni del population official del [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177011&idp=1254734710990 |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Position ! Municipalitate ! Population |- | 1 | [[Badajoz]] | 150 209 |- | 2 | [[Cáceres]] | 96 651 |- | 3 | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60 225 |- | 4 | [[Plasencia]] | 40 132 |- | 5 | [[Don Benito]] | 37 986 |- | 6 | [[Almendralejo]] | 34 587 |- | 7 | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25 773 |- | 8 | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17 352 |- | 9 | [[Zafra]] | 16 735 |- | 10 | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15 198 |- | 11 | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12 284 |- | 12 | [[Coria]] | 12 001 |- | 13 | [[Olivenza]] | 11 789 |- | 14 | [[Miajadas]] | 9 396 |- | 15 | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9 095 |- | 16 | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8 611 |- | 17 | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8 088 |- | 18 | [[Azuaga]] | 7 587 |- | 19 | [[Talayuela]] | 7 439 |} Le lista mostra le forte concentration del population in un numero limitate de centros. Badajoz, Cáceres e Mérida forma le principal trio urban del communitate. Le altere centros de plus de 20 000 habitantes —Plasencia, Don Benito, Almendralejo e Villanueva de la Serena— ha un rolo important in lor respective areas territorial. Le concentration del population non significa un concentration territorial uniforme. Vaste areas de Extremadura conserva densitates basse e un predominio del insediamento rural. Le contrasto inter centros urban e areas de bassa densitate es un del principales characteristicas del geographia demographic del communitate. In Extremadura, duodece municipios ha le titulo historic de [[citate|citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulo de citate es un distinction historic e non implica necessarimente un minimum moderne de population. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo remontan al [[Etate Media]]. Durante le [[Etate Moderne]] esseva accordate, inter altere, le titulos de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Durante le [[seculo XIX]] esseva accordate le titulos de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === Le population de nationalitate estranjer in Extremadura ha crescite durante le ultime annos, ben que illo representa ancora un portion relativemente parve del population regional. Al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura contava 46 556 habitantes de nationalitate estranjer, circa 4,4 % del population total. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, iste population cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration es in parte concentrate in le principal centros urban e in areas con demanda de labor in le agricultura, le industria agroalimentari, le construction e le servicios. Le composition del population estranjer varia secundo le municipio e le area geographic. Durante 2024, le augmentos le plus importante in Extremadura concerneva le residentes de nationalitate colombian (+802), marocchin (+528), venezuelan (+467) e peruvian (+466).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration ha un rolo crescente in le evolution recent del population extremaduran, compensante in parte le declino del population de nationalitate espaniol e contribuente al mantenimento del population in alcun municipios. Nonobstante, le effecto demographic es irregular e non basta a compensar le basse natalitate e le invecchiamento del population in tote le territorio. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === In Extremadura existe un sol universitate: le [[Universitate de Extremadura]], de proprietate public. Se trova in projecto de approbation quatro universitates private: duo de [[education a distantia]] e duo de character hybrid que combinarea education a distantia e presencial. De character hybrid esserea le Universitate International pro le Disveloppamento, promovite per le [[Universitate Autonome de Chile]], e le Universitate Europee de Extremadura, in Cáceres, que se adjungerrea al rete de universitates que le marca [[Universitate Europee]] ja possede in Madrid, Canarias, Valencia e Lisboa. Le duo projectos de universitates de education a distantia es le Universitate CEU Núñez de Balboa, promovite per le [[Association Catholic de Propagandistas]], e le Universitate Aperte de Extremadura, promovite per le [[Gruppo Planeta]] e un ancian rector del Universitate de Extremadura, Segundo Píriz.<ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Silió|first=Elisa|title=Le apertura de quatro universitates private de golpe in Extremadura sfida le ascensor social|url=https://elpais.com/educacion/2024-10-18/la-apertura-de-cuatro-universidades-privadas-de-golpe-en-extremadura-desafia-el-ascensor-social.html|date=18 de octobre 2024|access-date=27 de octobre 2024|work=El País|location=Madrid}}</ref> Le Universitate de Extremadura, per medio de su rector, Pedro Fernández Salguero, se ha positionate contra le apertura de plus de universitates, sia private sia public: "Nostre impression es que in Extremadura il non ha, ni de longe, massa critic, ni un numero sufficiente de studentes pro haber plus de un universitate”.<ref name=":0" /> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] ]] Extremadura es un region que produce plus de energia electric que illo consume. In le anno 2012, su generation net esseva de 18 506 GWh, durante que su consumo esseva de 4244 GWh, un 5,4 % inferior al anno 2011.<ref>{{cite web |title=Le systema electric per communitates autonome |url=http://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/downloadable/inf_sis_elec_ree_2012_elsistelectporccaa_v2.pdf |author=Red Eléctrica de España}}</ref> In ille anno 2012 le capacitate installate in le communitate esseva de 4386 MW in regime ordinari (hydraulic e nuclear) e 1245 MW in regime special, que include 539 MW de energia solar photovoltaic e 649 MW de energia solar thermoelectric. In le regime ordinari se distingue le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]] e le centrales hydroelectric de [[Reservoir de Cedillo|Cedillo]], [[Reservoir de Alcántara|José María de Oriol]], [[Reservoir de Gabriel y Galán|Gabriel y Galán]], [[Reservoir de Torrejón|Torrejón]], [[Reservoir de Valdecañas|Valdecañas]] e [[Reservoir de Cíjara|Cíjara]]. == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 5jnep7pfmlbxhkrzquz3kj68fkryioc 700006 700005 2026-09-13T11:51:19Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Infrastructure e servicios */ 700006 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox/articulo/entitate territorial}} '''Extremadura''' (espaniol: ''Extremadura''; [[extremadurano]]: ''Estremaúra''; [[portugese]]: ''Estremadura''; Fala: ''Extremaúra'') es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de [[Espania]]. Su capital es [[Mérida]], e [[Badajoz]] es su citate le plus populate. Situate in le parte centro-occidental del [[Peninsula Iberic]], Extremadura es formate per le provincias de [[provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], le duo provincias plus grande de Espania per superficie. Illa ha frontieras con [[Portugal]] al west, con [[Castilia e León]] al nord, con [[Castilla-La Mancha]] al est e con [[Andalusia]] al sud. Le major parte de su territorio appartene al [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Tajo]] e del [[Guadiana]].<ref name="Statuto">{{cite web |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de januario, de reforma del Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura |publisher=[[Boletin Oficial del Stato]] |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Con 41 634 km² e 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura es un del communitates autonome le plus pauc densamente populate de Espania.<ref name="INE2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |title=Espania in cifras 2026 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística (Espania)|Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Le region possede un importante patrimonio natural, con areas protegite como le [[Parco National de Monfragüe]], le [[Parco Natural del Tajo Internacional]] e le [[Parco Natural de Cornalvo]].<ref name="Monfrague">{{cite web |url=https://turismoextremadura.juntaex.es/es/explora/Monfraguee-National-Park/ |title=Parco National de Monfragüe |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref><ref name="Tajo">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |title=Parco Natural del Tajo Internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref><ref name="Cornalvo">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |title=Parco Natural de Cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Illa include etiam le [[Geoparco Mundial UNESCO Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] e numerose altere areas de valor ecologic e geologic. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive del communitate autonome e es dirigite per le [[Presidente de Extremadura]]. Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative regional. [[Mérida]] es le capital e sede del Assemblea, del Presidencia e del Junta de Extremadura.<ref name="Statuto"/><ref name="Capitalitate">{{cite web |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-4328 |title=Ley 7/2015, de 31 de martio, per le qual es regulate le Statuto de Capitalitate de Mérida |publisher=[[Boletin Oficial del Stato]] |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Le [[Dia de Extremadura]] es celebrate le [[8 de septembre]], data associate con le festivitate de [[Nostre Seniora de Guadalupe]]. Extremadura ha un important production de energia electric, particularmente de origine solar.<ref name="AnnuarioEnergia">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/5548153/Anuario_2025.pdf/ab27ff81-19b4-c9cc-b680-ddcfd99565cd |title=Annuario statistic 2025 |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Le region possede etiam recursos de [[lithium]], e plure projectos industrial ligate al exploitation del mineral e al fabrication de materiales pro batteries ha essite promovite o tramutate in Extremadura.<ref name="LithiumNavas">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/doe-y-mina-litio |title=Projecto integral de aprovechamento de lithium in le mina Las Navas |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=30 de decembre 2022 |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref><ref name="LithiumMerida">{{cite web |url=https://doe.juntaex.es/otrosFormatos/html.php?anio=2025&doe=670o&xml=2025040039 |title=Decreto 19/2025: planta de fabrication de materiales pro cathodos de baterias de lithium ferrofosfato |publisher=Diario Oficial de Extremadura |date=7 de april 2025 |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> == Historia == === Prehistoria === Le presentia human in le actual territorio de Extremadura es documentate desde le [[Paleolithico]]. Durante iste periodo, gruppos de chassatores e recollectores frequentava le vallatas fluvial e altere ambientes in cerca de aqua, alimento e materia prime. Le restos archeologic del Paleolithico consiste in grande parte in utensiles lithic, sovente trovate in depositos superficial o in relation con terrazas fluvial. Inter le zonas con importante concentration de sitios prehistoric se trova le ambientes del [[Guadiana]], [[Zújar]], [[Tajo]], [[Alagón]] e [[Jerte]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|title=Planteamientos y nuevos datos para la interpretación de los paisajes prehistóricos del sector extremeño del Tajo: el área de Alconétar|journal=Zephyrus|year=2011|url=https://gredos.usal.es/bitstream/10366/130414/1/Planteamientos_y_nuevos_datos_para_la_in.pdf}}</ref> ==== Paleolithico inferior ==== Le testos de presentia human le plus ancian in le actual territorio de Extremadura corresponde al [[Paleolithico inferior]]. In numerose depositos, in lor majoritate superficial, ha essite trovate grande quantitates de utensiles lithic, principalmente fabricate in [[cuarzita]] e, in minor grado, in granito e altere materias. Le technicas de fabrication consisteva in percuter un nucleo de petra con un percutor, generalmente de petra, pro obtener filos e instrumentos de differente formas. Inter le utensiles characteristic se trova instrumentos pro cortar, punctas, hachas, picos e, particularmente, [[bifaciale|bifaces]], [[divisor (archeologia)|divisores]] e picos trihedric. Le restos plus ancian es associate al [[Acheuliano]] e ha essite estimate in alcun sitios a circa 700 000 annos. Le depositos se trova frequentemente in proximitate de materias prime adequate pro le fabrication de utensiles o juxta fluvios e grande affluentias. Le zonas con importante concentration de sitios acheulian se trova in le environs de [[Mérida]], al curso del [[Guadiana]], in le valle del [[Zújar]], in le area del [[embalse de Valdecañas]] e in le vallatas del [[Alagón]] e del [[Jerte]], inter altere partes del territorio extremeño.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> Le distribution del sitios indica que le gruppos human utilisava diverse ambientes secundo le disponibilitate de aqua, materia prime e altere recursos. Le caracter superficial de multe del depositos rende tamen difficile determinar le contexto chronologic precise de tote le utensiles. ==== Paleolithico medie ==== Le [[Paleolithico medie]] es representate principalmente per sitios del [[Musteriense]]. Le utensiles de iste periodo esseva producite mediante technicas que permitteva al artifex de predeterminar in parte le forma del fragmento a extraher del nucleo lithic. Isto permitteva fabricar instrumentos plus standardisate e specialisate que multe del utensiles del Paleolithico inferior. Inter le formas characteristic se trova [[raschiato|raschiatores]], denticulates e punctas. Le instrumentos tende a esser plus diverse e sovente plus leve que le grandes bifaces e picos characteristic del Acheuliano. Le sitios musteriense es cognoscite in plure del mesme ambientes ubi on trova depositos acheulian, particularmente in le proximitate del fluvios. Tamen, ha essite identificate etiam occupationes in zonas basse e medie del sierras de [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]], lo que monstra un exploitation plus ample del territorio. Le distribution del sitios suggere un adaptation al differentes ambientes del region e un mobilitate importante del gruppos human.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Paleolithico superior ==== [[File:Cueva de Maltravieso 02.jpg|197px|right|thumb|Le caverna de Maltravieso, ubi un stencil de mano ha essite datate a un etate minimal de circa 66 700 annos.]] Le [[Paleolithico superior]] es le periodo traditionalmente associate al expansion de [[Homo sapiens]] in Europa. Tamen, le arte parietal de Extremadura ha apportate datos que ha obligate a reexaminar iste chronologia, particular-mente in le caso del [[Caverna de Maltravieso|caverna de Maltravieso]]. Le caverna de Maltravieso, in [[Cáceres]], contine stencils de manos, motivos geometric e altere manifestationes de arte parietal. Un stencil de mano ha essite datate per le methodo de [[uranio-torio]] a un etate minimal de 66 700 annos. Iste data es anterior al presentia cognoscite de [[Homo sapiens]] in le peninsula Iberic e ha conducite le autores del studio a concluder que le arte pote esser attribuite al [[Neanderthal|Neandertales]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Hoffmann|first=Dirk L.|last2=Standish|first2=Christopher D.|last3=García-Díez|first3=Marcos|last4=Pettitt|first4=Paul B.|last5=Milton|first5=James A.|last6=Zilhão|first6=João|last7=Alcolea-González|first7=José J.|last8=Cantalejo-Duarte|first8=Pedro|last9=Collado|first9=Hipólito|last10=de Balbín|first10=Rodrigo|last11=Lorblanchet|first11=Michel|last12=Ramos-Muñoz|first12=José|last13=Weniger|first13=Gerd-Christian|last14=Pike|first14=Alistair W. G.|title=U-Th dating of carbonate crusts reveals Neandertal origin of Iberian cave art|journal=Science|volume=359|issue=6378|pages=912–915|year=2018|doi=10.1126/science.aap7778|url=https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778}}</ref> Le arte de Maltravieso comprende plus de trenta representations de manos in negativo, in plure casos sin le digito auricular, insimul con figuras geometric e altere motivos. Le sito es assi un del centros importante pro le studio del prime arte parietal in Europa. Altere restos prehistoric del territorio include material lithic, osses e instrumentos fabricate con corna de animales. Inter le sitios archeologic mentionate se trova [[Cabezo de Galisteo]]. Le distribution de iste restos contribue al cognoscentia del exploitation del territorio per le communitates prehistoric. ==== Neolithico ==== Ben que le datos super le [[Epipaleolithico]] in le actual Extremadura es limitate, le [[Neolithico]] apportava transformationes importante al modo de vita del communitates human. Le cambios principal includeva le introduction progressive del [[agricultura]] e del [[allevamento]], que se addeva al chassa e al recollection ja practicante. Un altere innovation importante esseva le utilisation del [[ceramica]], que permitteva immagazinar e preparar productos e conservar excedentes.<ref name="Cerrillo2002">{{cite journal|last=Cerrillo Cuenca|first=Enrique|last2=Prada Gallardo|first2=Alicia|last3=González Cordero|first3=Antonio|last4=Heras Mora|first4=Francisco Javier|title=La secuencia cultural de las primeras sociedades productoras en Extremadura: una datación absoluta del yacimiento de Los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres, Cáceres)|journal=Trabajos de Prehistoria|volume=59|issue=2|pages=101–111|year=2002|doi=10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200|url=https://doi.org/10.3989/tp.2002.v59.i2.200}}</ref> [[File:Dolmen de Lácara (6901631891).jpg|thumb|left|Le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]], 15 km al nord-est de Mérida, es un importante [[tumba de corredor|sepulcro de corredor]] de Extremadura.]] Le studios archeologic indica que le prime societates productrice esseva ja present in Extremadura durante le Neolithico antique. Le sito de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], ha apportate datos importante super le occupation del region e le introduction del nove economia productrice.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Inter le jacimentos representative del Neolithico in Extremadura se trova le [[caverna de la Charneca]] in [[Oliva de Mérida]], le [[collina de la Horca]] in [[Plasenzuela]], le [[caverna de Boquique]] in [[Plasencia]], le [[caverna de El Conejar]] in [[Cáceres]] e [[Los Barruecos]] in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]. Los Barruecos es particularmente importante pro le evidentias de agricultura e pro le chronologia del prime societates productrice del region.<ref name="Cerrillo2002"/> Le ceramica decorate es ben representate in iste sitios. Un del varietates le plus cognoscite es le ceramica de [[Boquique]], denominate secundo le caverna de Boquique in Plasencia, ubi iste typo de decoration esseva documentate. A partir del Neolithico medie, le [[megalitismo]] se diffundeva in grande parte del region. Le assentamentos cognoscite es plus rare que le monumentos funerari, ma le concentration de [[dolmen]]es in certe partes de Extremadura es un del principales manifestationes archeologic del periodo. Conjunctos de sepulcros megalithic se trova particular-mente in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], [[Cedillo]], [[Santiago de Alcántara]] e [[Barcarrota]], alora que altere monumentos isolate ha grande interesse, como le [[dolmen del prato de Lácara]]. Le phenomeno megalithic se prolongava usque al initio del [[Etate del Bronzo]]. Le sepulturas pote includer microlithos de silex, ceramica e [[idolo-placa|idolos-placa]].<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Dolmen de Lácara|publisher=Consorcio de la Ciudad Monumental de Mérida|url=https://www.consorciomerida.org/conjunto/monumentos/dolmenlacara|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le Neolithico final es melio documentate in le margines del [[Guadiana]], con jacimentos como [[Araya]] e [[El Lobo]], al quales se pote adder [[Los Caños de Zafra]]. Iste assentamentos se disveloppava desde circa 3500 a.Chr. e contribueva al transition verso le Chalcolithico. Lor situation es sovente associate a terras fertile, collinas suave e proximitate a cursos de aqua. Le economia de iste communitates habeva un forte character agricole e pecuari. Le ceramica esseva generalmente simple e pauc decorate, con formas characteristic como le «cassola carenate», cognoscite etiam in altere partes del sud-west del peninsula Iberic. Le similaritates inter iste sitios indica que Extremadura participava a un dynamica cultural regional plus ample, associate al incremento del population e al consolidation del agricultura e del allevamento.<ref name="Cerrillo2011"/> ==== Chalcolitico ==== Durante le [[Chalcolitico]], o Etate del Cupro, le communitates human del actual Extremadura continuava le developpamento del agricultura e del allevamento e initiava un exploitation plus sistematic del metalles. Le [[metallurgia]] del [[cupro]] es documentate desde le III millennio a.Chr., insimul con nove formas de organisation del habitation e del societate. Un del sitios le plus representative es [[Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos)|Los Castillejos]], presso [[Fuente de Cantos]], ubi ha essite identificate un assentamento chalcolithic e phases posterior. Le archeologia del sito monstra transformationes in le organisation del habitat e in le exploitation del recursos, associate al crescente complexitate del communitates.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Fernández Corrales|first=Juan Manuel|last2=Rodríguez Díaz|first2=Alfonso|last3=Sauceda Pizarro|first3=María Isabel|title=Los poblados calcolítico y prerromano de Los Castillejos (Fuente de Cantos, Badajoz)|journal=Extremadura Arqueológica|volume=1|year=1988|pages=69–88}}</ref> === Extremadura preroman === [[File:Museo Arqueológico Nacional - Conjunto 586 - Tesoro de Aliseda (Conjunto).jpg|thumb|[[Thesauro de Aliseda]], del seculo VI a.Chr., conservate al [[Museo Archeologic National (Espania)|Museo Archeologic National]].]] Durante le [[Etate del Bronzo]] e le [[Etate del Ferro]], le actual Extremadura esseva un zona de contacto inter diverse traditiones cultural del peninsula Iberic. Le populationes del region practicava agricultura, allevamento e metallurgia e manteneva relationes commercial e cultural con altere regiones del peninsula. Le fontes antique e le archeologia permitte identificar inter le populationes preroman le [[Vettones]], le [[Lusitanos]] e le [[Celtici]]. Le limites del territorios attribuite a iste gruppos es difficile a definir con precision e non corresponde al limites del actual Extremadura. Le [[Vettones]] habitava un ample territorio del centro-occidente peninsular, includente le nord del actual [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e zonas del actual [[Salamanca]], [[Ávila]] e [[Toledo]]. Lor cultura archeologic es associate, inter altere elementos, al grande esculturas de bovinos e porcos cognoscite como [[verraco|verracos]]. Le [[Lusitanos]] occupava un territorio extendite al occidental del peninsula Iberic, inter le Tajo e le centro de Portugal. Illes esseva implicate in varie conflictos con Roma durante le II seculo a.Chr. Le leader lusitan le plus celebre esseva [[Viriato]], qui dirigeva durante plure annos le resistentia contra le expansion roman. In le sud-west se trovava le [[Celtici]], associate per le autores antique a un cultura de character celtic. Lor territorio se extendava verso le actual [[Andalusia]] e le sud de Portugal e manteneva relationes con le regiones del valle del [[Guadalquivir]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Berrocal-Rangel|first=Luis|title=Los pueblos célticos del Suroeste de la Península Ibérica|journal=Complutum|year=1992}}</ref> === Extremadura roman === [[File:Teatro de Mérida, España, 2017 18.jpg|thumb|left|Le [[Theatro roman de Mérida]], erigite in le seculo I a.Chr. e renovate in le seculo IV p.Chr.]] Le conquista roman del actual Extremadura esseva un processo progressive que se disveloppava principalmente inter le II e le I seculos a.Chr. Le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Hispania Ulterior]] e, durante le reorganisations administrative de [[Augusto]], grande parte del actual Extremadura esseva integrate in le nove provincia de [[Lusitania]]. [[Emerita Augusta]] esseva fundate in 25 a.Chr. per ordine de Augusto pro le veteranos del legiones [[Legio V Alaudae|V Alaudae]] e [[Legio X Gemina|X Gemina]]. Le citate deveniva le capital de Lusitania e un del principal centros politic, administrative, economic e cultural del occidental del Imperio roman.<ref>{{cite web|title=Conjunto Arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/cultura/areas/patrimonio/mc/patrimoniomundial/bienes-declarados/por-ano-de-inscripcion/1993/merida.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le romanisation transformava profundemente le territorio. Se construeva un rete de vias, pontes e altere infrastructuras, e se disveloppava numerose centros urban. Inter illos se distingueva [[Emerita Augusta]], [[Norba Caesarina]], [[Cáparra]], [[Augustobriga]] e [[Iulipa]]. [[File:El puente de Alcántara, Cáceres.jpg|thumb|[[Ponte de Alcántara|Ponte roman de Alcántara]] super le Tajo, del seculo II p.Chr.]] Le [[Vía de la Plata|Via del Argente]] constitueva un del principal axes viari del occidental peninsular. Illa ligava le area de Emerita Augusta al nord del peninsula e permetteva le communication con altere citates. Altere vias conduceva verso [[Corduba]], [[Olisipo]] e [[Conimbriga]]. Le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], super le Tajo, esseva un del obras le plus monumentales del rete viari roman. Emerita Augusta attingeva un grande prosperitate. Le citate possedeva un theatro, un amphitheatro, un circo, pontes, aqueductos, templos e altere edificios public. Le [[circo roman de Mérida]] poteva accollier un numero importante de spectatores e demonstra le rolo del spectaculos in le vita urban roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Álvarez Martínez|first=José María|title=El conjunto arqueológico de Mérida|publisher=Ministerio de Cultura|year=1982}}</ref> Le [[latino]] deveniva le lingua del administration e del vita public, e le institutiones roman, le derecto e le modellos urban se diffundeva progressivemente. Le romanisation non esseva tamen un processo instantanee e traditiones local continuava a existir insimul con le nove formas roman.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> In le seculo III, le crise politic e economic del Imperio affectava etiam le citates del occidental. Le fortification del centros urban se intensificava e certe partes del territorio videva un reduction del activitate urban. Mérida, Cáceres e Coria conservava tamen importantia durante le periodo tarde-roman. Le seculo IV esseva un periodo de importante transformationes religiose. Le christianismo se diffundeva e Mérida deveniva un del centros ecclesiastic le plus importante del peninsula Iberic. In le seculo V, le disintegration del autoritate imperial in le occidental Imperio roman facilitava le installation de nove potentias politic. Le territorio esseva traversate e occupate per le [[Alanos]], le [[Suevos]] e, ulteriormente, le [[Visigothos]]. Alcun citates roman declinava o esseva transformate, durante que altere centros continuava a esser habitate.<ref>{{cite book|last=Alarcão|first=Jorge de|title=Roman Portugal|publisher=Aris & Phillips|year=1988}}</ref> === Etate Media === [[File:Santa Lucía de El Trampal.jpg|thumb|[[Ecclesia de Santa Lucía del Trampal]] in [[Alcuéscar]], edificio de epocha visigothic o tardo-antique.]] Con le conquista musulman del peninsula Iberic in le initio del seculo VIII, le territorio extremeñese esseva incorporate a [[al-Andalus]]. [[Mérida]] esseva occupate in 713 e deveniva un importante centro administrative del occidental peninsular. Le territorio esseva organisate in divisiones administrative que cambiava durante le evolution politic de al-Andalus.<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le periodo del [[Califato de Córdoba]], Mérida conservava un importante rolo, ben que le centro de gravitate politic del area se desplazava progressivemente verso [[Badajoz]]. Post le cadita del califato in 1031, se formava le [[Taifa de Badajoz]], un del plus importante regnos taifa del peninsula. [[File:Badajoz, Torre Espantaperros 01-1.jpg|thumb|[[Torre de Espantaperros]], in le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], del periodo almohade.]] Le periodo musulman lassava numerose vestigios in Extremadura. Inter le plus importante se trova le [[Alcazaba de Mérida]], le [[alcazaba de Badajoz]], le fortification de [[Alange]], le fortificationes de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], le [[Palacio de las Veletas|cisterna de Cáceres]] e le murallas de [[Galisteo]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Época islámica-Medieval|publisher=Museo Nacional de Arte Romano|url=https://www.cultura.gob.es/mnromano/ca/investigacion/rbae/islam.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Durante le [[Reconquista]], le regnos christian de [[Leon]], [[Castilia]] e [[Portugal]] se expandava verso le sud. Le territorio del actual Extremadura deveniva un importante zona de frontiera inter iste potentias. ;Extremadura leonese Le [[Regno de Leon]] reconquistava progressive-mente grande parte del occidental e centro del actual Extremadura. Le 17 de januario de 1213, [[Alfonso IX de León|Alfonso IX]] conquistava [[Alcántara]]. Le citate deveniva ulteriormente un del centros del [[Ordine de Alcántara]], un ordine militar que possedeva vaste territorios in le region.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Agut|first=Nieves|title=800 años de reconquista de Alcántara|journal=El Periódico de Extremadura|date=27 de enero de 2013|url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/extremadura/800-anos-reconquista-alcantara_708679.html|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> In 1229 Alfonso IX conquistava [[Cáceres]], post varie tentativas anterior. Le 19 de martio de 1230 le forces leonese prendeva [[Badajoz]] e [[Mérida]]. In 1233, un armea ducite per [[Fernán Ruiz]] conquistava [[Trujillo]] del [[Almohades|Almohades]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ruíz Moreno|first=Manuel Jesús|title=XLIII Coloquios Históricos de Extremadura|date=28 de septembre de 2014|isbn=978-84-608-1848-9|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/congreso/115|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le territorio leonese esseva organisate mediante ''[[fuero]]s'', concejos e possessiones del ordines militar. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate in le regno de Leon pro referer a territorios meridional del regno, ben que su signification e limites cambiava secundo le epocha.<ref name="MartinezDiaz">{{cite journal|last=Martínez Díaz|first=Gonzalo|title=Génesis histórica de las Provincias españolas|journal=Anuario de historia del derecho español|year=1981|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=134426|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Post le union del regnos de Leon e Castilia in 1230, le territorio esseva incorporate al [[Corona de Castilia]]. Badajoz manteneva un importante rolo territorial e juridic e esseva etiam denominate «regno de Badajoz» in certe documentos e titulos del monarchia.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ;Extremadura castilian [[File:Plasencia muralla parte sur.JPG|thumb|[[Muro de Plasencia]], del seculo XII.]] Le [[Regno de Castilia]] se expandava etiam verso le actual Extremadura. In 1186 le rege [[Alfonso VIII de Castilla|Alfonso VIII]] fundava [[Plasencia]], con le objective de fortificar le frontiera meridional del regno e controlar le communicationes verso le [[Valle del Jerte]] e le [[Sistema Central]]. Le termino «Extremadura» esseva empleate etiam in Castilia pro designar territorios multo plus grande que le actual communitate autonome. Durante le Etate Medie, le Extremadura castilian poteva referer a territorios extendite in le interior del peninsula, includente comunidades de villa e tierra, vicariatos e territorios ecclesiastic. Le uso medieval del termino non debe esser confundite con le actual limites administrative de Extremadura.<ref name="MartinezDiaz"/> ==== Provincia de Estremadura ==== {{Vide etiam|Provincia de Estremadura|Extremadurano}} Durante le ultime seculos del Etate Medie e le initio del Etate Moderne, le territorio del actual Extremadura se consolidava progressivemente como un espace regional intra le Corona de Castilia. Le organisation institutional remaneva tamen complexe, con territorio dividite inter provincias, ordines militar, jurisdictones ecclesiastic e señorios. Le seculos XIV e XV esseva marcate per le consolidation del monarchia, le organisation del jurisdictones e le importantia del ordines militar e del grande dominos territorial. Le territorio esseva etiam un zona de contacto inter [[christianismo]], [[judaismo]] e [[islam]]. Post le conquest de [[Granada]] in 1492, le monarchia catholic introducerea nove politicas religiose. Le judeos esseva expulse del regnos christian e le musulmanes esseva progressivemente subjectate a conversiones forciate. Le musulmanes convertite, cognoscite como [[Moriscos|moriscos]], remaneva in Espania usque al expulsion general inter 1609 e 1614.<ref>{{cite book|last=Suárez|first=Luis|title=La expulsión de los moriscos, un problema europeo|date=2012|publisher=Ariel|location=Madrid|isbn=9788434400252|page=11}}</ref> Un facto importante del religiositate regional esseva le developpamento del culto al [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Espania)|Virgine de Guadalupe]]. Le sanctuario de Guadalupe deveniva un importante centro de peregrination e un del principales centros religiose del Castilia del tarde medioevo.<ref>{{cite web|last=Asensio|first=Manuel S.|title=Leyenda de la Virgen de Guadalupe|work=Revista de Guadalupe|year=1907|url=https://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712074458/http://alcazaba.unex.es/~emarnun/docs/caceres/lasvilluer/guadalu3.htm|archive-date=12 de julio de 2012|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> === Epocha Moderne === ==== Seculo XVI ==== [[File:Concatedral de Caceres.JPG|thumb|[[Concatedral de Santa María de Cáceres|Concatedral de Santa Maria]], in le centro historic de [[Cáceres]], un del conjunctos historic le plus importante del region.]] {{Vide etiam|Recinto abaluartado de Badajoz}} Le seculo XVI esseva un del periodos le plus importante del historia de Extremadura. Le expansion del monarchia hispanic in America aperiva nove vias de migration e mobilitate social. Numerose personas originari del region partiva verso le nove colonias e participava al conquista, colonisation e administration del territorios american.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> Inter le personas originari de Extremadura le plus celebre se trova [[Hernán Cortés]], qui participava al conquista del [[Imperio azteca]]; [[Francisco Pizarro]], un del principales leaders del conquista del [[Imperio inca]]; [[Pedro de Valdivia]], conquistator de [[Chile]]; [[Ñuflo de Chaves]], explorator e conquistator in le actual [[Paraguay]] e [[Bolivia]]; [[Alonso de Mendoza]], fundator de [[La Paz]] in Bolivia; e [[Diego García de Paredes]], associate al fundation de [[Trujillo (Venezuela)|Trujillo]] in Venezuela. Illes esseva accompaniate per numerose colonos, administratores, soldatos e emigrantes de origine extremeña.<ref>{{cite book|last=Altman|first=Ida|title=Emigrants and Society: Extremadura and the Spanish Colonies in America|publisher=University of California Press|year=1989}}</ref> [[File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|thumb|left|Plaza Major de [[Trujillo (Cáceres)|Trujillo]], con le statua de [[Francisco Pizarro]].]] Le [[Censo de Pecheros]] de [[Carlos I de España|Carlos I]], elaborate in le decennio de 1520, includeva le territorio extremeño inter le principal areas fiscal del Corona de Castilia. Le cifra de 48 789 [[Pechero|vicinos pecheros]] e le percentual de 6,75 % del population del Corona debe esser presentate como datos del censo e non como un estimation moderne del population total.<ref>{{cite web|author=Instituto Nacional de Estadística|title=Censo de Pecheros de Carlos I|year=2008|url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/pubweb/censo_pecheros/tomo2.pdf}}</ref> Le [[Libro de los millones|Censo del Millones]] de 1591 recognosceva le [[Provincia de Trujillo]] como un del provincias del Corona. Le majoritate del localitates del actual Extremadura pertineva a iste provincia, durante que altere territorios esseva incorporate a le provincias de Salamanca e León o a jurisdictones del [[Ordine de Santiago]]. Le provincia de Trujillo non habeva un voto proprie in le [[Cortes de Castilla]] e su representation esseva associate al de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1580, post le extinction del linea masculine del Casa de Aviz, [[Felipe II de España|Felipe II]] esseva recognoscite como rege de Portugal. Le union dynastic reuniva le coronas de Castilia e Portugal sub le mesme monarcha, durante que Portugal conservava su leges, institutiones e imperio proprie. Le position de Extremadura al frontiera con Portugal acquireva nove importantia. Citates como [[Badajoz]] deveniva importante centros militar e logistic. Le situation cambiava radicalmente in 1640, quando Portugal se rebellava contra le monarchia hispanic e comenciava le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculos XVII e XVIII ==== [[File:Puerta Palmas.JPG|thumb|[[Puerta de Palmas]], Badajoz.]] [[File:Mapa de la provincia de Estremadura (1766).jpg|thumb|Mappa del «provincia de Estremadura» in 1766.]] Le [[Guerra de Restauration Portugese]] (1640–1668) transformava profundemente le vita del region. Extremadura deveniva un importante frontiera militar e suffreva destructiones, depopulation, requisitiones de recursos e interruptiones del agricultura e del commercio. Le proximitate de Portugal significava que numerose citates e villas esseva directemente implicate in le guerra. Le frontiera esseva fortificate e le stationamento de truppas deveniva un carga importante pro le population local. Post le pace de 1668, le frontiera remaneva militarmente strategic e le consequencias economic e demographic del guerra se prolongava durante annos.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> In 1653, Extremadura obteneva un derecto de voto in le [[Cortes de Castilla]]. Le acquisition esseva associate al initiative de [[Plasencia]] e costa 80 000 [[ducato]]s. Isto permitteva al provincia de disponer de representation distincte de Salamanca.<ref>{{cite web|last=Clemente Campos|first=María Belén|title=La adquisición del privilegio del voto por la "provincia" de Extremadura|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=119318|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Pauc decennios post le fin del guerra con Portugal, Extremadura esseva implicate in le [[Guerra de succession espaniol]] (1701–1714). Le frontiera portugese esseva de novo un importante teatro de operationes. [[Badajoz]] e altere localitates suffreva assedios e destructiones, e le [[ponte de Ajuda]] super le Guadiana esseva destruite in 1709. Durante le seculo XVIII, le monarchia borbonic initiava reformas administrative e militar que afficeva etiam Extremadura. Le character de frontiera remaneva importante, ma le administration deveniva progressivemente plus centralisate. === Etate Contemporanee === ==== Seculo XIX ==== [[File:Battle of Albuhera, by William Barnes Wollen.jpg|thumb|Soldatos britannic in le [[Battalia de La Albuera (1811)|Battalia de La Albuera]], le 16 de maio de 1811. Pictura a oleo de [[William Barnes Wollen]] (1912).]] Durante le [[Guerra de Independentia Espaniol]] (1808–1814), Extremadura registrava un nove periodo de guerra, destruction e penuria. Su position geographic inter Portugal, le centro del peninsula e le frontiera occidental faceva del region un importante zona strategic pro le truppas francese e le forces espaniol, britannic e portugese.<ref>{{cite book|title=Correspondencia del Duque de Wellington 1799–1815|publisher=Universitate de Oxford|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=DX8BAAAAQAAJ}}</ref> Le guerra aggravava le crise economic e demographic ja existente. Le occupation, le requisitiones, le destruction del recoltas e le epidemias affectava le population rural. In 1809, le truppas francese occideva [[Juan Álvarez de Castro]], episcopo de [[Coria]], in [[Hoyos (Cáceres)|Hoyos]], un del episodios note del repression francese in le region.<ref>{{cite book|title=Historia del levantamiento, Guerra y Revolución de España|last=Queipo de Llano|first=José María|year=1835|page=64|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=yeoaAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> In 1810 le administration francese divideva le territorio in le prefecturas de [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Durante le processo liberal de organisation territorial, le duo provincias de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] esseva establite in 1822. Le reforma administrative de 1833, promovite per [[Javier de Burgos]], confirmava le duo provincias, que deveniva le base territorial del Extremadura moderne.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Sánchez Marroyo|first=Fernando|title=Estructura político-institucional de Extremadura (1808-1874)|journal=Revista de estudios extremeños|volume=69|number=1|pages=141–206|year=2013|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4228961}}</ref> ==== Seculo XX ==== Le initio del seculo XX esseva marcate per le forte character rural del economia extremeña, le concentration del proprietate agrari e le question del accesso al terra. Iste problemas contribuiva al developpamento del [[regionalismo extremaduran]] e de movimentos social e politic que reclamava reformas agrari e un melior distribution del proprietate. Le medico e pensator [[Antonio Elviro]] es un del figuras associate al prime regionalismo extremeñese. In le campo literari, autores como [[Luis Chamizo]] e [[José María Gabriel y Galán]] usava formas linguistic e temas associate al vita rural del region.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le 25 de martio de 1936, in le quadro del conflicto agrari del [[Secunde Republica Espaniol]], decenas de milles de campesinos participava in occupationes de terras in numerose localitates de Extremadura. Secundo le fontes dedicate al evento, circa 60 000 campesinos esseva organisate in plus de 280 pueblos e occupava terras pro demandar le application del reforma agrari.<ref>{{cite book|last=Espinosa|first=Francisco|title=El día que se levantó Extremadura. Veinticinco de marzo de 1936|date=2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Extremadura: Veinticinco de Marzo de 1936. El día se levantó Extremadura|publisher=Dialnet|year=2020|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=854018|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> [[File:Campesinos de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Paisanos extremaduran durante le periodo del Secunde Republica Espaniol.]] In julio 1936 comenciava le [[Guerra Civil Espaniol]]. Le forces insurgente que arrivava del sud traversava rapidemente Extremadura durante lor avance verso Madrid. In augusto occurreva le [[masacre de Badajoz]], un del episodios le plus grave del repression durante le guerra. Le numero exacte del victimas es objecto de debate historiographic e le estimativas varia secundo le fontes; le repression esseva tamen ample e affectava le population civil e le prisioneros. Le cifra non debe esser presentate como un dato proveniente del censo de population de 1930, que naturalmente non documenta le victimas del massacre. Le secunde medietate del seculo XX esseva marcate per un grande [[exodo rural]]. Durante le periodo del developpamento economic espaniol del annos 1950–1970, centos de milles de habitantes abandonava Extremadura pro cercar travalio e melior conditiones de vita in altere regiones espaniol, specialmente in [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Pais Basco]] e [[Catalonia]], e in paises europee como [[Francia]] e [[Germania]]. Le migration contribuiva al depopulation de numerose zonas rural e al vieillissement del population regional.<ref>{{cite book|last=García Pérez|first=Juan|title=Entre la frustración y la esperanza: una historia del regionalismo extremeño|publisher=Biblioteca Nueva|year=1999}}</ref> Le question del disveloppamento regional remaneva central durante le ultime decennios del dictatura. Un del principales conflictos regional esseva le opposition al projecto del [[Central Nuclear de Valdecaballeros]]. Le projecto esseva finalemente paralysate e le paralisation definitive esseva establite per le Lege 40/1994 del 30 de decembre. Con le [[Transition espaniol verso le democratia]], Extremadura initiava un nove phase politic e institutional. Le [[Estatuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] esseva approbate per le [[Cortes Generales]] mediante le Lege Organica 1/1983 del 25 de februario. Le lege esseva publicate in le ''Boletín Oficial del Estado'' le 26 de februario e entrava in vigor le 27 de februario. Le Statuto constituiva Extremadura como communitate autonome e establiva que su territorio comprende le municipios del provincias de Badajoz e Cáceres. Illo fixava [[Mérida]] como capital e sede del [[Junta de Extremadura]] e del [[Assemblea de Extremadura]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Lei Organica 1/1983, del 25 de februario, de Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura|publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado|url=https://www.boe.es/eli/es/lo/1983/02/25/1/con|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> Le 8 de maio de 1983 occurreva le prime electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]. Le [[PSOE]] obteneva le majoritate absolute e [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] deveniva le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Le 8 de septembre de 1985 esseva celebrate le prime [[Die de Extremadura]] institutional in [[Guadalupe (Cáceres)|Guadalupe]]. In 1986, le [[Cáceres|Citate vetule de Cáceres]] esseva inscribite in le Lista del [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] del [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Old Town of Cáceres|publisher=UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/384|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026}}</ref> ==== Seculo XXI ==== Le initio del seculo XXI esseva marcate per le consolidation del institutiones autonome, le developpamento del infrastructuras e le transformation del economia regional. Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] assumeva nove competentias in areas como education, sanitate, agricultura, infrastructuras e cultura. Le 25 de maio de 2003 occurreva electiones al [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], con un nove victoria del [[PSOE]]. Le 31 de julio de 2004, le presidente del Governamento [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] presentava in Mérida un plano de dynamisation economic e employment dedicate al region. In 2005 comenciava le emissiones del television e del radio public autonome, [[Canal Extremadura TV]] e [[Canal Extremadura Radio]]. Le 19 de septembre de 2006, post 23 annos como presidente del Junta, [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] annunciava que ille non se presentarea como candidato al successive electiones regional. Le cambio de leadership marcava un nove phase del politica extremeña. Durante le seculo XXI, le region continuava a confrontar le problemas historic de depopulation rural e envejecimento demographic, ma etiam experientiava transformationes in le agricultura, le energia, le turismo e le servicios. Le disveloppamento del energia renovabile deveniva un del nove sectores importante del economia regional. In le campo cultural e linguistic, cresceva le interesse pro le varietates linguistic traditional del region. Le [[Estremeñu]], le [[Fala]] e le varietates extremeño-portugese e extremeño-oriental esseva subjecto a crescente attention cultural e academic. Le 18 de augusto de 2018 esseva celebrate pro le prime vice le [[Die del Linguas de Extremadura]], dedicate al patrimonio linguistic del communitate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eldiario.es/extremadura/sociedad/estremenu-reivindica-europeo-prestigioso-minoritarios_1_2087172.html|title=Expertos international appoya le ‘Estremeñu’ como un lingua|access-date=13 de septembre de 2026|last=Conde|first=Jesús|date=10 de junio de 2018|website=ElDiario.es|language=es}}</ref> Le historia recente de Extremadura es assi marcate per le transition de un societate majoritariemente rural verso un economia plus diversificate, le consolidation del autonomia regional e le effortios persistente pro affrontar le depopulation e le disparitates economic intra le region. == Geographia == Le [[superficie (mathematica)|superficie]] de Extremadura es de circa 41 634 km², lo que la situa inter le plus grande [[communidades autonome de Espania|communitates autonome]] de Espania per superficie. Le duo provincias que la compone —[[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] e [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]]— es le plus grande del pais per superficie. Extremadura limita al nord con le provincias de [[Provincia de Salamanca|Salamanca]] e [[Provincia de Ávila|Ávila]] ([[Castilla y León]]), al est con [[Provincia de Toledo|Toledo]] e [[Provincia de Ciudad Real|Ciudad Real]] ([[Castilla-La Mancha]]), al sud con [[Provincia de Huelva|Huelva]], [[Provincia de Sevilla|Sevilla]] e [[Provincia de Córdoba (Espania)|Córdoba]] ([[Andalusia]]), e al west con [[Portugal]]. === Relievo === [[File:La-vera.JPG|thumb|[[Sierra de Gredos]] in su versante extremaduran]] Extremadura se situa principalemente in le grande [[bacino hydrographic]] del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] al nord e in illo del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] al centro e al sud. Le major parte del territorio appartene a iste duo bacinos, ben que alcun areas marginale del nord e del sud versa verso le [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le major parte del territorio corresponde al zoclo paleozoic del [[Maciço iberic]], sur le qual se developpa vaste penillanuras, serras e depressiones sedimentari. Le [[granito]] e le [[pizarra (roca)|pizarra]] es roccas multo diffuse, e in numerose sectores le rios ha excavate valles profundemente incastrate. Le principal conjuntos montaniose es le [[Sistema Central]] al nord, le [[Montes de Toledo]] in le centro e [[Sierra Morena]] al sud. Inter illos se extende vaste superficies de penillanura. In le serras interior le relievo presenta frequentemente formas de typo [[Relievo apalachense|apalachense]], particularmente ben conservate in [[Las Villuercas]]. Le elevationes maxime se trova in le [[Sistema Central]], al limite inter Extremadura e Castilla y León. Le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura es le [[Calvitero]], con circa 2400 m. [[La Covacha]], con 2395 m, es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. Inter le altere elevationes importante se trova La Nijarra (2214 m), Peludillo (2250 m), Alto del Horco (2162 m) e Mesas Altas (2070 m). In le [[Montes de Toledo]], le [[pic Villuercas]] attinge circa 1600 m e constitue le maxime elevation del massivo de [[Las Villuercas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plan Territorial del Valle del Jerte |url=https://sitex.juntaex.es/SITEX/files/JERTE_AI/PT_Jerte_AInicial_sellado_ISA_I.pdf |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le relievo actual es le resultato de un historia geologic longe e complexe. Le materiales del zoclo paleozoic esseva affectate principalemente per le [[Orogenia varisca|orogenia varisca]], postea erosate e dismanteallate durante le [[Permiano]] e le [[Mesozoico]]. Durante le [[Orogenia alpina]] le blocos del zoclo esseva reactivitate e elevate o affundite, contribuente al formation del actual serras e depressiones.<ref name="vera2004-01">{{cite book |author=Vera, J. A.; Ancoechea E.; Barnolas, A.; Bea, F.; Calvo, J. P.; Civis, J.; Vicente, G. de; Fernández-Giannotti, J.; García Cortés, A.; Pérez Estaún, A.; Pujalte, V.; Rodríguez Fernández, L. R.; Sopeña, A.; Tejero, R. |year=2004 |chapter=Introduction |editor=Vera Torres, J. A. |title=Geología de España |publisher=Sociedad Geológica de España e Instituto Geológico y Minero de España |pages=1–17 |isbn=84-7840-546-1}}</ref> In le sector nord-occidental del region se succede le [[sierra de Gata]], [[Las Hurdes]], le conjunto de [[Traslasierra]] e le [[valle del Jerte]], [[La Vera]] e le depressiones associate al Tajo. Le valles del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] contribue a structurar iste paisage. Le vega de [[Moraleja]] se trova al pede del [[sierra de Gata]] e es irrigate per le Árrago. Plus al sud se extende le vega de [[Coria]] e [[Galisteo]], associate al Alagón. Plus al nord-est se trova le depression occupate per le [[embalse de Gabriel y Galán]], durante que le [[valle del Tiétar]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] forma le grande depression al sud del [[Sierra de Gredos|Gredos]]. In le centro del region predomina le [[penillanura]], un superficie extensive e levemente undulate formate sur le zoclo paleozoic. Le cursos fluvial ha incastrate lor valles in iste superficie. In le penillanura central on distingue, inter altere sectores, le [[Llanos del Salor]] e le [[Tierras de Cáceres e Trujillo]]. Le erosion del granito ha producite formas characteristic como [[berrocal|berrocales]], bolos, tors e [[roca caballera|roccas caballeras]]. [[File:Magacela fields (20999978199).jpg|izquierda|thumb|Campos de cultivo in [[Magacela]]]] Le [[Montes de Toledo]] forma in le centro-oriente del region un serie de serras de direction general occidental-oriental. In Extremadura lor principales conjuntos es [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Le Villuercas presenta un serie de serras parallel con orientation general nord-west–sud-est e un relievo fortemente incastrate. Le [[sierra de Altamira]] constitue in parte le limite con le provincia de Toledo. Montánchez se trova inter le Villuercas e San Pedro, durante que le sierra de San Pedro es le plus occidental del tres. [[File:Sierra de las Villuercas 1.jpg|thumb|[[Sierra de las Villuercas]]]] Le [[Vegas del Guadiana]] forma un altere grande sector de bassas terras sedimentari. In le vicinity de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] on distingue traditionalmente le [[Vegas Altas]] al est e le [[Vegas Bajas]] al west, usque a [[Badajoz]]. Le solos alluvial del valle es particularmente importante pro le agricultura irrigate. Al west de Badajoz le Guadiana se dirige verso Portugal e le paisage passa gradualmente al penillanura. Al sud de Extremadura le penillanura se extende verso le [[Tierra de Barros]], le [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] e [[Sierra Morena]]. Le Tierra de Barros es un depression basse con solos argillose, particularmente importante pro le agricultura circa [[Almendralejo]]. La Serena, inter le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] e le [[Fluvio Guadamez|Guadamez]], es un vaste paisage de penillanura e [[glacis]]. Plus al sud, Sierra Morena forma le transition verso le [[valle del Guadalquivir]]. ==== Systemas montaniose ==== Al nord del communitate se eleva le [[Sistema Central]], con le [[sierra de Gredos]], le [[sierra de Béjar (sierra)|sierra de Béjar]] e le [[sierra de Gata]]. Le Calvitero es le puncto le plus alte de Extremadura, con circa 2400 m. Le [[La Covacha|Covacha]] attinge 2395 m e es un del culmines le plus alte del communitate. In le centro-oriente se trova le conjuntos del [[Montes de Toledo]], specialmente [[Las Villuercas]], le [[sierra de Montánchez]] e le [[Sierra de San Pedro (Extremadura)|sierra de San Pedro]]. Al sud, [[Sierra Morena]] forma le principal cadena montaniose e le limite physic con Andalusia. === Hydrographia === [[File:RíoIbor.jpg|thumb|[[Fluvio Ibor|Fluvio Ibor]] durante su passage per [[Bohonal de Ibor]]]] [[File:Garganta Mayor.jpg|thumb|Garganta Mayor de [[Garganta la Olla]], in le [[sierra de Tormantos]]]] Le reticulo hydrographic de Extremadura es dominate per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]]. Alcun parve sectores del territorio appartene al [[Fluvio Duero|Duero]] al nord e al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]] al sud. Le major parte del aquas del communitate termina dunque in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]]. Le rios extremaduran presenta un regime mediterranee, con debit generalmente plus alte durante le hiberno e le primavera e un forte [[estiaje]] durante le estate. Le precipitationes es irregular e varia fortemente secundo le altitude e le exposition. Numerose reservoirs regula le fluxo del Tajo, del Guadiana e de lor tributarios. Illos servi pro irrigation, production hydroelectric e abastecimento de aqua. Extremadura non possede grande [[lago]]s natural. In vice, le [[dehesa]] es punctuate per numerose charcas e parve massas de aqua, multe de illos artificial, que ha un importantia ecologic como habitat pro aves, amphibios e altere fauna. ==== Cuenca del Tajo ==== Le [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Cáceres]]. Il nasce in le [[Montes Universales]], in le provincia de Teruel, e desemboca in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] per un grande estuario apud [[Lisboa]]. Intra in Extremadura al est del provincia de Cáceres e traversa le region de est a west. In grande parte de su percurso extremaduran, le fluvio es fortemente incastrate in le penillanura. Inter le principal tributarios del Tajo in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]], le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]], le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]] nasce in le [[Sistema Central]] e traversa le sector de [[La Vera]] e [[Campo Arañuelo]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo in le area de [[Monfragüe]]. Le [[Fluvio Alagón|Alagón]] nasce in le provincia de Salamanca e entra in Extremadura per [[Las Hurdes]]. Il traversa le area de [[Coria]] e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Jerte|Jerte]] e le [[Fluvio Árrago|Árrago]] ante de desembocar in le Tajo apud le [[reservoir de Alcántara]]. Inter le tributarios del Tajo se distingue etiam le [[Fluvio Almonte|Almonte]], le [[Fluvio Ibor|Ibor]], le [[Fluvio Gualija|Gualija]] e le [[Fluvio Salor|Salor]]. Le Almonte drena un grande parte del [[Tierras de Cáceres|Tierras de Cáceres]] e del area de Trujillo e recipe tributarios como le [[Fluvio Tamuja|Tamuja]] e le [[Fluvio Tozo|Tozo]]. Le Tajo e su tributarios es fortemente regulate per reservoirs. Le plus importante del region es le [[reservoir de Alcántara]], un del major reservoirs del systema del Tajo. ==== Cuenca del Guadiana ==== [[File:Mérida. Guadiana river. Badajoz. Extremadura. Spain (4923913891).jpg|thumb|Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|fluvio Guadiana]] in [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]]]] Le [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] es le principal fluvio del provincia de [[Badajoz]] e le secunde grande axe hydrographic de Extremadura. Le fluvio se forma in le area del [[Campo de Montiel]] e traversa le meseta central ante de entrar in Extremadura. Il traversa le [[Vegas Altas]], le area de [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e le [[Vegas Bajas]], passando per [[Badajoz]]. Post Badajoz, le fluvio forma per un portion un limite inter Espania e Portugal ante de desembocar in le [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] inter [[Ayamonte]] e [[Vila Real de Santo António]]. Inter le principal tributarios del Guadiana in Extremadura se trova le [[Fluvio Gévora|Gévora]], le [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]], le [[Fluvio Ruecas|Ruecas]], le [[Fluvio Gargáligas|Gargáligas]] e le [[Fluvio Guadalupejo|Guadalupejo]] al nord; e le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]], le [[Fluvio Matachel|Matachel]], le [[Fluvio Guadajira|Guadajira]], le [[Fluvio Olivenza|Olivenza]] e le [[Fluvio Alcarrache|Alcarrache]] al sud. Le [[Fluvio Zújar|Zújar]] es le principal tributario del Guadiana in Extremadura per extension de su bacino. Il nasce in le provincia de Badajoz e recipe aquas del area de [[Los Pedroches]] e del [[valle de Alcudia]]. Le [[reservoir de La Serena]], sur le Zújar, es un del plus grande reservoirs de Espania per superficie. Le systema del Guadiana es intensemente utilisate pro le irrigation. Inter le principal infrastructure de irrigation se trova le [[Canal de Orellana]], le [[Canal de Montijo]], le [[Canal del Zújar]] e le [[Canal de Lobón]], associate al grande systema de irrigation developpate durante le seculo XX. [[File:35 - E2-07-Zujar - aguas abajo (5431236914).jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Fluvio Zújar|Fluvio Zújar]]]] ==== Cuenca del Guadalquivir ==== Un parve sector del sud de Extremadura appartene al [[Fluvio Guadalquivir|Guadalquivir]]. Le aquas del versante meridional de [[Sierra Morena]] es tributari del Guadalquivir, specialmente per le bacinos del [[Fluvio Viar|Viar]] e del [[Fluvio Bembézar|Bembézar]]. Iste area es multo minor que le bacinos del Tajo e del Guadiana. === Clima === [[File:Embalse de la Serena (20994551358).jpg|thumb|Paisage del [[reservoir de La Serena]] in fin de augusto]] Le clima de Extremadura es principalemente [[Clima mediterranee|mediterranee]], con un forte character continental in le areas interior. Le proximitate del [[Oceano Atlantic|Atlantico]] modera le temperaturas e explica le importante contribution del frontes oceanic al precipitationes. Le [[anticyclon del Azores]] ha un rolo importante in le estate e contribui al secura e al ariditate estival. Le [[Sistema Central]] exerce un importante effecto orographic super le precipitationes del nord del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> Le insolation es elevate e le estate es generalmente calide e sic. Le temperaturas e precipitationes presenta forte variationes spatial: le areas basse del valle del Guadiana es inter le plus calide e sic, durante que le serras del [[Sistema Central]] es multo plus fresc e humide. Le precipitationes es generalmente plus basse in le valle del Guadiana e in le sud-est del region, e plus alte in le montanias del nord. In multe areas basse le media annual es inferior a 600 mm, durante que in le serras del [[Sistema Central]] illo pote superar 1000 mm e localmente 1500 mm. Le Valle del Jerte, [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[La Vera]], [[Las Hurdes]] e [[Sierra de Gata]] es inter le sectores plus humide.<ref>{{cite web |title=Atlas climático ibérico |url=https://www.aemet.es/es/conocermas/recursos_en_linea/publicaciones_y_estudios/publicaciones/detalles/Atlas-climatologico |publisher=[[Agencia Estatal de Meteorología]]}}</ref> [[File:Cielo -2 (30231912706).jpg|thumb|sinistra|Nubes in [[Fuentes de León]]]] Le distribution saisonal del precipitationes es typic del clima mediterranee: le maxima occurre generalmente in le autumno e le primavera, durante que le estate es le periodo le plus sic. In le areas plus basse, le ariditate estival pote durar tres o quatro menses; in le alte montanias, le periodo sic es plus breve. [[File:Quercus pyrenaica - La Vera - 20181116e.jpg|thumb|Foreste autumnal in [[Losar de la Vera]]]] Le temperatura medie annual varia fortemente secundo le altitude. Le areas basse del Guadiana presenta valores medie annual circa 17–18 °C, durante que le areas montaniose del nord es nettemente plus fresc. In estate le maxime diurne supera frequentemente 35 °C e, durante episodios de calor, pote exceder 40 °C. Le hibernos es geralmente suave in le basse terras, ma le gelate e le basse temperaturas es frequente in le serras. Le altitude es dunque un del factores le plus importante in le differentiation climatic del region. In le [[Sistema Central]] le temperaturas es nettemente plus basse e le nivello de precipitation plus alte que in le penillanuras central e meridional. Le [[bilancio hydric]] es generally negative durante le estate. Le forte evaporation, le alte temperaturas e le basse precipitationes estival produce un deficit hydric saisonal, specialmente in le basse terras. Le disponibilitate de aqua es compensate in grande parte per le reservoirs e le aquiferos, ben que le annos sic ha un effecto importante super le ressources hydric. === Vegetation === [[File:Montehermoso - Árbol.jpg|thumb|[[Dehesa]] de [[Montehermoso]]]] Le varietate de relievo, altitude, solos e clima produce un grande diversitate de vegetation in Extremadura. Le major parte del territorio pertine al dominio del [[foreste mediterranee]], ma le vegetation cambia secundo le altitude e le humiditate. Le intervention human ha modificate profundemente le paisage, specialmente per le agricultura, le pasturage e le exploitation del foreste. Un del paisages le plus characteristic es le [[dehesa]], un systema agro-sylvo-pastoral in le qual arbores disperse, praterias e usos agricole coexiste. Le [[encina]] es le specie arboree plus characteristic, accompaniate frequentemente per le [[subere]] e, in areas plus humide, per varie species de [[Quercus|quercia]]. Le dehesa combina le production agricole e pecuari con le conservation de un parte importante del biodiversitate regional. Le encinares e alcornocales domina le basse terras plus sic. Le [[subere]] es particularmente importante in le occidental del communitate e in le areas con pluviometria plus alte. Le estrato arbustive comprende species como le [[lentisco]], le [[aladierno]], le [[rosmarino]], le [[thymo]] e varie [[Cistus|cistos]]. In le valles e in le areas plus humide se developpa [[foreste de galeria]] associate al rios, con [[populo]]s, [[salice]]s, [[olmo]]s e altere species riparic. In le serras del nord, le vegetation cambia conforme al altitude e comprende vaste areas de [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] e altere species caducifolie. In le pisos montaniose le vegetation es plus fresc e humide. Le [[Quercus pyrenaica|quercia]] ha un distribution importante in le serras, e in alcun areas alte se trova [[fago]] e altere species montaniose. Le vegetation del alte montanias del [[Sistema Central]] comprende praterias e arbustetos subalpine. Iste areas esseva traditionalmente utilisate pro le pasturage estival. === Spatios natural protegite === [[File:Mirador del Salto del Gitano y Rio Tajo.jpg|thumb|[[Parque national de Monfragüe]]]] [[File:Reserva Natural de los Barruecos (Malpartida de Cáceres).jpg|thumb|[[Monumento natural]] de [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]]]] Extremadura possede un rete extensive de [[area protegite|areas natural protegite]], que include le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]], duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]], un [[Reserva Natural|reserva natural]], cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]], paisages protegite, [[Zona de interés regional|zonas de interesse regional]], e altere categorias regional de protection. Le territorio es etiam largemente includite in le rete [[Natura 2000]], con numerosas [[Zona de especial protección para las aves|ZEPAs]] e [[Zona especial de conservación|ZECs]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Áreas protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> Le [[Red de Espacios Naturales Protegidos de Extremadura|rete regional de areas protegite]] include, inter altere figuras, parcos natural, reservas natural, monumentos natural, paisages protegite, corredores ecologicamente importante, parcos periurban, locos de interesse scientific e arbores singular. Le cartographia official del Junta de Extremadura integra iste figuras con le [[Natura 2000]] e altere figuras de conservation.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cartografía de las Áreas Protegidas de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/cartografia-areas-protegidas-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara Le [[Geoparco Villuercas-Ibores-Jara]] es un territorio de grande interesse geologic in le centro-oriente de Extremadura. Illo esseva includite in le rete mundial del geoparcos in 2011. Su relievo presenta formas de typo apalachense e conserva un importante patrimonio geologic, paleontologic, minier e cultural. Le geoparco es membro del rete [[UNESCO Global Geoparks]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UNESCO Global Geoparks |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/iggp/geoparks |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parque national de Monfragüe Le [[Parque national de Monfragüe]] es situate in le centro de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]], circa le confluencia del [[Fluvio Tajo|Tajo]] e del [[Fluvio Tiétar|Tiétar]]. Le territorio es dominate per serras basse, valles fluvial e [[dehesa]] mediterranee. Monfragüe esseva declarate [[Parque natural|parco natural]] in 1979 e devenite [[parque national]] in 2007.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Nacional de Monfragüe |url=https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/parques-nacionales-oapn/red-parques-nacionales/parques-nacionales/monfrague.html |publisher=Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico}}</ref> Le area possede etiam altere figuras de protection, inter illas le [[Reserva de biosphera|Reserva de Biosphera de Monfragüe]], recognoscite per le [[UNESCO]] in 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monfragüe Biosphere Reserve |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/mab/monfrague |publisher=[[UNESCO]]}}</ref> ; Parcos natural Extremadura possede duo [[Parque Natural|parcos natural]]: le [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] e le [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parques Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/parques-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural de Cornalvo]] es situate circa [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e comprende paisages de [[dehesa]], encinares e alcornocales, insimul con le systemas fluvial del [[Fluvio Aljucén|Aljucén]] e [[Fluvio Albarregas|Albarregas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural de Cornalvo |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-de-cornalvo |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> * [[Parque natural del Tajo Internacional]] es situate al frontiera con [[Portugal]], in le sector occidental de [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]]. Le parco es structurate circa le Tajo e su tributarios e forma un ensemble transfrontalier con le [[Parque Natural do Tejo Internacional]] in Portugal.<ref>{{cite web |title=Parque Natural Tajo Internacional |url=https://www.juntaex.es/es/w/parque-natural-tajo-internacional |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Reserva natural [[File:Valle del Jerte, Garganta de los Infiernos 02.jpg|thumb|[[Reserva natural Garganta de los Infiernos]], in le [[Valle del Jerte]]]] * [[Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos]] es situate in le cabecera del [[Valle del Jerte]], inter le [[sierra de Tormantos]] e le [[Sierra de Gredos]]. Illa esseva declarate Reserva Natural in 1994 e protege un paisage montaniose con forte variation altitudinal e un dense reticulo de gargantas e cursos de aqua.<ref>{{cite web |title=Reserva Natural Garganta de los Infiernos |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/reserva-natural-garganta-de-los-infiernos |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Monumentos natural Le rete regional comprende actualmente cinque [[Monumento Natural|monumentos natural]]: * [[Los Barruecos]], in [[Malpartida de Cáceres]], un paisage de granito, charcas e vegetation mediterranee; * [[Mina La Jayona]], un ancian complexo minier con importante valores geologic e ecologic; * [[Cueva de Castañar]], un caverna con importante formations mineral; * [[Cuevas de Fuentes de León]], un complexe de cavitates calcaree; * [[El Berrocal de la Data]], in [[Valencia de Alcántara]], un paisage granitic de grande interesse geomorphologic.<ref>{{cite web |title=Monumentos Naturales de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/medio-ambiente/biodiversidad/areas-protegidas-de-extremadura/monumentos-naturales |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> ; Paisages protegite Le [[Monte Valcorchero]] apud [[Plasencia]] es un del [[Paisaje protegido|paisages protegite]] de Extremadura. Le protection conserva un paisage de grande valor natural e cultural, associate al [[dehesa]] e al exploitation traditional del territorio.<ref>{{cite web |title=Paisajes Protegidos de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/paisajes-protegidos-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura}}</ref> == Governo e politica == Extremadura es un [[communitate autonome de Espania|communitate autonome]] de Espania con un systema de [[monarchia parlamentari|governo parlamentar]]. Su institutiones autonome principal es le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[President del Junta de Extremadura|Presidente del Junta]]. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] constitue le norma institutional fundamental del communitate. === Antecedentes === Le [[Fuero de Baylío]] es un institution de [[derecto consuetudinari]] conservate in alcun localidades de Extremadura. Le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]] attribue al communitate autonome le conservation, defensa e protection del Fuero de Baylío e de altere institutiones del derecto consuetudinari extremaduran.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley Orgánica 1/2011, de 28 de enero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le formation historic del territorio extremaduran es anterior al actual communitate autonome. Durante le [[Etate Media]], le nomine [[Las Extremaduras|Extremaduras]] se applicava a un vaste zona de frontiera inter le regnos cristian del nord e le territorios musulman del sud. Le [[provincia de Extremadura]] esseva establite como provincia in le [[reformation territorial de 1833]] e correspondeva in grande parte al territorio del actual communitate, ben que le organisation territorial ha cambiate ulteriormente. In le [[Etate Moderne]] e [[Etate Contemporanee|Contemporanee]] se developpava institutiones juridic e administrative proprie del territorio. Le [[Real Audientia de Extremadura]], establite in [[Cáceres]] in 1790, constitueva un importante institution judicial pro le territorio extremaduran. === Poter legislative === [[File:Pleno de la Asamblea de Extremadura.jpg|thumb|Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]]]] Le [[Assemblea de Extremadura]] es le organo legislative del communitate autonome. Illo es componite de 65 deputatos eligite per suffragio universal, libere, directe e secret. Le duo provincias constitue le circumscriptiones electoral del electiones autonomic. Le repartition territorial del 65 sedes es de 36 deputatos pro le [[provincia de Badajoz]] e 29 pro le [[provincia de Cáceres]]. Le [[Electiones al Assemblea de Extremadura de 2025|electiones autonomic de 2025]] producite le sequente composition del Assemblea: {| class="wikitable" |+ Composición de la Asamblea de Extremadura tras las elecciones de 2025 ! Partido ! Sedes ! Votos ! % |- | [[Partido Popular de Extremadura|Partido Popular]] (PP) | 29 | 228 300 | 43,2 % |- | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|Partido Socialista Obrero Español]] (PSOE) | 18 | 136 017 | 25,7 % |- | [[Vox (partido político)|Vox]] | 11 | 89 360 | 16,9 % |- | [[Unidas por Extremadura]] | 7 | 54 189 | 10,3 % |- ! Total ! 65 ! 507 866 ! 96,1 % |} Le majoritate absolute del Assemblea es fixate a 33 sedes. Le PP es le prime gruppo parlamentar con 29 deputatos, sequite per le PSOE con 18, Vox con 11 e Unidas por Extremadura con 7.<ref>{{cite web |title=Resultados Elecciones Extremadura 2025 |url=https://resultados-elecciones.rtve.es/autonomicas/2025/extremadura/ |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]]}}</ref> === Poter executive === Le [[Junta de Extremadura]] es le organo executive e administrative del communitate autonome. Illo es presidite per le [[President del Junta de Extremadura]], qui dirige le action del governo regional. [[María Guardiola Martín]] es presidente del Junta de Extremadura. Illa esseva prime eligite in 2023 e deveniva le prime femina a presider le governo autonome. Post le electiones de 2025, le investitura esseva initialmente refusate in martio 2026, quando Guardiola obteneva solmente le supporto del PP. In april 2026, un accordo inter le PP e [[Vox (partito politico)|Vox]] permitteva su nove investitura con majoritate absolute del Assemblea. Illa esseva formalmente nominate presidente per [[Felipe VI|le Rege]] le 22 de april 2026.<ref>{{cite web |title=Real Decreto 361/2026, de 22 de abril, por el que se nombra Presidenta de la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura a doña María Guardiola Martín |url=https://www.boe.es/boe/dias/2026/04/23/pdfs/BOE-A-2026-8873.pdf |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Le prime presidente del Junta de Extremadura esseva [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]], qui occupava le carga inter 1983 e 2007. Il esseva succedite per [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] (2007–2011), [[José Antonio Monago]] (2011–2015), e de novo Guillermo Fernández Vara (2015–2023). In 2023, [[María Guardiola]] succedeva Fernández Vara e deveniva le prime femina presidente del communitate.<ref>{{cite web |title=María Guardiola es investida presidenta de la Junta de Extremadura |url=https://www.juntaex.es/w/maria-guardiola-investida-presidenta-de-la-junta-de-extremadura |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |date=14 de julio 2023}}</ref> Le secunde governo de María Guardiola es supportate per un accordo inter le PP e Vox, qui dispone insimul de 40 del 65 sedes del Assemblea. Le PSOE e Unidas por Extremadura constitue le opposition parlamentar.<ref>{{cite web |title=Guardiola, investida presidenta de Extremadura por mayoría absoluta tras el acuerdo con Vox |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20260422/directo-segunda-jornada-debate-investidura-guardiola-extremadura-votacion/17035311.shtml |publisher=[[Radiotelevisión Española]] |date=22 de april 2026}}</ref> Le [[Delegation del Governo in Extremadura]] representa le [[Governo de Espania]] in le communitate autonome. Su sede se trova in [[Badajoz]]. {| class="wikitable" |+ Presidentes del Junta de Extremadura ! Presidente ! Partito ! Periodo |- | [[Juan Carlos Rodríguez Ibarra]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 1983–2007 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2007–2011 |- | [[José Antonio Monago]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2011–2015 |- | [[Guillermo Fernández Vara]] | [[Partido Socialista Obrero Español|PSOE]] | 2015–2023 |- | [[María Guardiola]] | [[Partido Popular (España)|PP]] | 2023–presente |} === Organisation territorial === ==== Provincias ==== Extremadura es dividite in duo provincias: le [[provincia de Cáceres]], al nord, e le [[provincia de Badajoz]], al sud. Illas es etiam circumscriptiones electoral pro le electiones al [[Congresso del Deputatos]] e al [[Senato de Espania]], e possede lor respective [[deputation provincial|deputationes provincial]]. Secundo le datos del [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] al 1 de januario 2025, le provincia de Badajoz habeva 665 155 habitantes e un superficie de 21 769 km², durante que Cáceres habeva 388 190 habitantes e un superficie de 19 864 km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ Provincias de Extremadura ! Provincia ! Superficie ! Population<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] }}</ref> ! Municipios |- | [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] | 19 864 km² | 388 190 hab. | 223 |- | [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] | 21 769 km² | 665 155 hab. | 165 |} Le provincia de Badajoz es le plus vaste provincia de Espania per superficie, durante que Cáceres es le secunde plus vaste. In insimul, le duo provincias constitue un del plus grande superficies provincial del pais. ==== Municipios ==== [[File:Extremadura municipalities.png|thumb|Carta municipal de Extremadura]] Extremadura es organise territorialmente in 388 [[municipio]]s: 223 in le provincia de Cáceres e 165 in le provincia de Badajoz. Le numeros de municipios e le cifras de population son mantenite per le [[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]] in su registros official.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo anual de población 2021-2025 |url=https://www.ine.es/dynt3/inebase/index.htm?capsel=11398&padre=11555 |publisher=[[Instituto Nacional de Estadística]]}}</ref> Le grande extension territorial del communitate e le relative basse densitate de population resulta in un grande dimension medie del terminos municipal. Inter le plus grande per superficie se trova [[Cáceres]], [[Badajoz]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] e [[Alburquerque]]. [[Badajoz]] es le municipio le plus populate del communitate e le sol que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] es le secunde centro urban per population e un del principal polos administrative e universitari de Extremadura. ==== Districtos judicial ==== [[File:Partidos Judiciales de Extremadura.svg|thumb|Districtos judicial de Extremadura]] Le organisation judicial del communitate es determinate secundo le [[Poter Judicial de Espania|legislation judicial espaniol]] e le [[Statuto de Autonomia de Extremadura]]. Le [[Tribunal Superior de Justitia de Extremadura]] ha su sede in [[Cáceres]] e constitue le organo in le qual culmina le organisation judicial del communitate autonome.<ref>{{cite web |title=Estatuto de Autonomía de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-1638 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura es dividite in 21 [[Districtos judicial de Extremadura|districtos judicial]], qui organiza le competentia territorial del [[tribunal|organo judicial]] de prime grado. ==== Mancomunitates integral ==== Le legislation extremaduran permitte le creation de [[mancomunitate]]s de municipios pro le gestion in commun de servicios e pro le cooperation supramunicipal. Le [[Lege 17/2010, de mancomunitates e entidades local minor de Extremadura|Lege 17/2010]] establi le requisitos pro que un mancomunitate pote esser qualificate como ''integral'' e regula su organisation e functionamento.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ley 17/2010, de 22 de diciembre, de mancomunidades y entidades locales menores de Extremadura |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2011-555 |publisher=[[Boletín Oficial del Estado]]}}</ref> Extremadura ha un rete de [[mancomunitate integral|mancomunitates integral]] que facilita le prestation commun de servicios municipal e le cooperation inter municipalitates. Le mancomunitates integral pote intervenir in campos como le gestion del residuos, le aqua, le protection ambiental, le servicios social, le cultura, le sport, le developpamento local, le urbanismo e le infrastructure. ; Provincia de Badajoz <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # Centro # [[Cijara]] # [[Mancomunitate del Guadiana|Guadiana]] # [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]] # [[Vegas Altas|La Serena-Vegas Altas]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Lácara-Los Baldíos|Lácara-Los Baldíos]] # [[Comarca de Llerena|Llerena]] # [[Llanos de Olivenza|Olivenza]] # [[La Siberia|Siberia]] # [[Sierra Suroeste]] # [[Tentudía]] # Tierra de Barros # [[Tierra de Barros|Tierra de Barros-Fluvio Matachel]] # [[Vegas Bajas]] # [[Zafra-Fluvio Bodión]] </div> ; Provincia de Cáceres <div style="column-count:3; column-gap:3em;"> # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de Montánchez|Sierra de Montánchez]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Valle del Alagón|Valle del Alagón]] # [[Mancomunitate Comarca de Trujillo|Trujillo]] # [[Mancomunitate Tajo-Salor|Tajo-Salor]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[Mancomunitate de la Rivera de Fresnedosa|Rivera de Fresnedosa]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral Sierra de San Pedro|Sierra de San Pedro]] # [[Mancomunitate Integral de Trasierra-Tierras de Granadilla|Trasierra-Tierra de Granadilla]] # [[Las Hurdes]] # [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] # [[Granadilla (Cáceres)|Granadilla]] # [[Valle del Ambroz|Valle de Ambroz]] # [[Valle del Jerte]] # [[La Vera]] # [[Valle del Alagón]] # [[Riberos del Tajo]] # [[Campo Arañuelo]] # [[Las Villuercas]] </div> Al margen del organisation per mancomunitates, existe in Extremadura numerose [[comarca]]s historic, geographic e cultural que non constitue necessarimente divisiones administrative official. Inter le plus cognoscite se trova [[Valle del Ambroz]], [[Campo Arañuelo]], [[Valle del Jerte]], [[Las Hurdes]], [[Las Villuercas]], [[Los Ibores]], [[La Jara cacereña]], [[Sierra de Gata (comarca)|Sierra de Gata]] e [[Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla]]. Le distinction inter mancomunitates integral e comarcas es importante: le prime es entitates local de cooperation inter municipalitates, durante que le secunde corresponde frequentemente a regiones historic o geographic sin un status administrative uniforme. In le [[provincia de Badajoz]], le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz]] usa etiam divisiones comarcal pro fines de organisation e cooperation territorial, ma illas non equivale al organisation administrative provincial o al mancomunitates integral. == Demographia == === Population e densitate === [[File:Extremadura densidad 2018.png|thumb|Densitate del population in Extremadura]] Le population residente de Extremadura esseva de 1 053 345 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025, secundo le [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]. Illo representava circa 2,14 % del population de Espania. Le densitate medie era de 25,3 habitantes per km², multo inferior al media espaniol.<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population se distribue in modo irregular inter le duo provincias. [[Provincia de Badajoz|Badajoz]] contava 665 155 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 30,6 hab./km², durante que [[Provincia de Cáceres|Cáceres]] contava 388 190 habitantes e habeva un densitate de circa 19,5 hab./km².<ref>{{cite web |title=España en cifras 2026 |url=https://www.ine.es/prodyser/espa_cifras/EEC_2026_PUBLICACION_COMPLETA.pdf |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> Le population es fortemente concentrate in un numero limitate de centros urban. [[Badajoz]] es le sol municipio del communitate que supera 100 000 habitantes. [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] supera 50 000, durante que [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]] es altere centros urban importante. Nonobstante, le major parte del territorio conserva un character rural. Le basse densitate del population, le grande extension del terminos municipal e le dispersion del insediamento contribui al contrasto inter le principales centros urban e vaste areas de population basse. Le [[despobulation]] es specialmente importante in alcun areas del interior e del est del communitate. Le principal concentrationes del population se trova circa le corridor del [[Fluvio Guadiana|Guadiana]] e in le axe que liga [[Plasencia]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida]], [[Almendralejo]] e [[Zafra]]. Un altere concentration importante existe in le area [[Badajoz]]–[[Mérida]]–[[Don Benito]]–[[Villanueva de la Serena]]. Le areas montaniose e le sectores plus distante del principal centros urban presenta generalmente densitates nettemente inferior. === Evolution del population === [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 1998-2008.png|thumb|sinistra|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 1998 e 2008]] [[File:Extremadura crecimiento 2008-2018.png|thumb|Crescimento del population per municipio inter 2008 e 2018]] Le population de Extremadura ha presentate grande variationes durante le ultime cinque seculos. Le datos historic es in parte estimative e debe esser interpretate con caution, proque le definition del population e le methodos de recenseamento cambiava multo inter le periodos. Un alarde realisate in 1502 per ordine de [[Isabel I de Castilia]] ha essite utilisate pro estimar le population del territorio extremaduran a circa 350 000 habitantes. Le [[censimento del 1591]] del [[Corona de Castilia|Corona de Castilia]] dava un cifra plus alte, de circa 540 000 habitantes, ben que le comparation con le cifras moderne es difficile per le differentias administrative e methodologic.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Ladero Quesada, Miguel Ángel |title=Le cavalleria e le population de Extremadura secundo le alardes de 1502 |journal=Norba. Revista de historia |volume=17 |year=2004 |url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=1158941}}</ref> Durante le [[seculo XVIII]] le population esseva multo inferior al cifra estimate del seculo XVI, como resultato de guerras, epidemias, crises agricole e altere factores. Le censimentos del [[Etate Moderne]] es generalmente minus uniforme que le censimentos posterior. Durante le [[seculo XIX]] e le prime medietate del [[seculo XX]], le population cresceva de maniera importante. Secundo le [[Censimento de Espania de 1960|censimento de 1960]], Extremadura attingeva 1 379 072 habitantes, uno del maximos historic del population regional.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de población de 1960 |url=https://www.ine.es/inebaseweb/71807.do |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> A partir del decennio de 1960 comenciava un forte processo de [[exodo rural]] e [[emigration]]. Numerose habitantes de Extremadura emigrava verso altere regiones de Espania, specialmente [[Communitate de Madrid|Madrid]], [[Catalonia]] e le [[Pais Basc]], e verso paises europee como [[Francia]], [[Germania]], [[Suisia]], [[Paises Basse]] e [[Belgica]]. Le migrationes affectava particularmente le juvene in etate active e contribueva al [[invecchiamento del population]] del areas rural. Le perdita de population esseva particolarmente forte in le decennios 1960 e 1970. Al mesme tempore, alcun capitales e centros regional acquisiva population, specialmente [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Mérida]]. Iste processo accentuava le contrasto inter le principales centros urban e le areas rural. Durante le ultime decennios del seculo XX e le prime del seculo XXI, le population regional deveniva plus stabile, ma Extremadura continuava a haber un crescimento demographic inferior al media espaniol. Le invecchiamento e le basse natalitate deveniva factores importante del evolution demographic. In le 2020s le evolution ha de novo essite negative. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, le population de Extremadura diminuiva de 1 336 personas, o 0,13 %. Le population de nationalitate espaniol diminuiva de 4 664 personas, durante que le population de nationalitate estranjer cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %, usque a 46 556 habitantes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le evolution demographic recente es assi caracterisate per un combination de [[invecchiamento del population]], basse natalitate, saldo natural negative e un contribution crescente del immigration. === Distribution === [[File:Tipos de Municipios de Extremadura.png|thumb|Typos de insediamento urban e rural in Extremadura]] Le systema de population de Extremadura es policentric in comparation con altere regiones espaniol, ma non possede grande metropolitan areas. [[Badajoz]] es le principal centro urban del communitate per population e per le extension de su area de influentia. [[Cáceres]] ha un importante function administrative, universitari e cultural. [[Mérida]], capital del communitate autonome, ha un rolo institutional e administrative central. Inter le altere centros urban regional se distingue [[Plasencia]], [[Don Benito]], [[Almendralejo]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]], [[Navalmoral de la Mata]], [[Zafra]], [[Montijo]], [[Villafranca de los Barros]], [[Coria]], [[Olivenza]], [[Miajadas]] e [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]. Le position geographic del communitate face que alcun areas del nord, del est e del sud ha etiam relationes functional con centros exterior a Extremadura. Inter illos se trova [[Salamanca]], [[Béjar]], [[Talavera de la Reina]], [[Ciudad Real]], [[Córdoba]] e [[Sevilla]]. Iste relationes varia secundo le services, le employment, le commercio e le communicationes. Le insediamento rural es generalmente concentrate in villages, con relativamente pauc population disperse. Iste forma de [[poblamiento concentrate]] es particularmente characteristic del penillanuras e del dehesas. Historicamente, le structure agrari, le grande extension del proprietates in alcun areas e le formas traditional de exploitation del terra contribueva al concentration del population in villages de dimension considerabile. Le architecture traditional varia secundo le parte del communitate. Le villages del sud presenta frequentemente facciatas blanchite e placias central, durante que in le nord e in le areas montaniose es presente un plus grande varietate de materiales e formas architectural. Le agricultura extensive, le [[dehesa]] e le allevamento ha exercite un importante influentia super le distribution del population rural. Le modernisation del agricultura e le mecanisation, insimul con le emigration del seculo XX, reduceva le necessitate de labor agricole e accelereva le perdita de population in multe parve municipios. === Systema urban === [[File:Extremadura poblacion 2018.png|thumb|Population per municipio]] Le municipios de Extremadura con plus de 7000 habitantes al 1 de januario 2025 es 19. Le cifras proveni del population official del [[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Cifras oficiales de población de los municipios españoles |url=https://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736177011&idp=1254734710990 |publisher=[[Instituto National de Statistica (Espania)|INE]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" ! Position ! Municipalitate ! Population |- | 1 | [[Badajoz]] | 150 209 |- | 2 | [[Cáceres]] | 96 651 |- | 3 | [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] | 60 225 |- | 4 | [[Plasencia]] | 40 132 |- | 5 | [[Don Benito]] | 37 986 |- | 6 | [[Almendralejo]] | 34 587 |- | 7 | [[Villanueva de la Serena]] | 25 773 |- | 8 | [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] | 17 352 |- | 9 | [[Zafra]] | 16 735 |- | 10 | [[Montijo (Badajoz)|Montijo]] | 15 198 |- | 11 | [[Villafranca de los Barros]] | 12 284 |- | 12 | [[Coria]] | 12 001 |- | 13 | [[Olivenza]] | 11 789 |- | 14 | [[Miajadas]] | 9 396 |- | 15 | [[Jerez de los Caballeros]] | 9 095 |- | 16 | [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] | 8 611 |- | 17 | [[Los Santos de Maimona]] | 8 088 |- | 18 | [[Azuaga]] | 7 587 |- | 19 | [[Talayuela]] | 7 439 |} Le lista mostra le forte concentration del population in un numero limitate de centros. Badajoz, Cáceres e Mérida forma le principal trio urban del communitate. Le altere centros de plus de 20 000 habitantes —Plasencia, Don Benito, Almendralejo e Villanueva de la Serena— ha un rolo important in lor respective areas territorial. Le concentration del population non significa un concentration territorial uniforme. Vaste areas de Extremadura conserva densitates basse e un predominio del insediamento rural. Le contrasto inter centros urban e areas de bassa densitate es un del principales characteristicas del geographia demographic del communitate. In Extremadura, duodece municipios ha le titulo historic de [[citate|citate]]: in le provincia de Badajoz, [[Almendralejo]], [[Badajoz]], [[Don Benito]], [[Jerez de los Caballeros]], [[Llerena]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]], [[Olivenza]] e [[Villanueva de la Serena]]; in le provincia de Cáceres, [[Cáceres]], [[Coria]], [[Plasencia]] e [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]]. Le titulo de citate es un distinction historic e non implica necessarimente un minimum moderne de population. Le titulos de citate de Badajoz, Coria, Mérida, Plasencia e Trujillo remontan al [[Etate Media]]. Durante le [[Etate Moderne]] esseva accordate, inter altere, le titulos de Jerez de los Caballeros (1525) e Llerena (1641). Durante le [[seculo XIX]] esseva accordate le titulos de Almendralejo (1851), Don Benito (1856), Villanueva de la Serena (1856), Olivenza (1858) e Cáceres (1882). === Immigration === Le population de nationalitate estranjer in Extremadura ha crescite durante le ultime annos, ben que illo representa ancora un portion relativemente parve del population regional. Al 1 de januario 2025, Extremadura contava 46 556 habitantes de nationalitate estranjer, circa 4,4 % del population total. Inter le 1 de januario 2024 e le 1 de januario 2025, iste population cresceva de 3 328 personas, o 7,15 %.<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration es in parte concentrate in le principal centros urban e in areas con demanda de labor in le agricultura, le industria agroalimentari, le construction e le servicios. Le composition del population estranjer varia secundo le municipio e le area geographic. Durante 2024, le augmentos le plus importante in Extremadura concerneva le residentes de nationalitate colombian (+802), marocchin (+528), venezuelan (+467) e peruvian (+466).<ref>{{cite web |title=Censo de Población 2025 |url=https://www.juntaex.es/documents/77055/34486012/Censo_2025_ND.pdf/624d5260-a2ba-ad35-6f93-92145928883e |publisher=Instituto de Estadística de Extremadura}}</ref> Le immigration ha un rolo crescente in le evolution recent del population extremaduran, compensante in parte le declino del population de nationalitate espaniol e contribuente al mantenimento del population in alcun municipios. Nonobstante, le effecto demographic es irregular e non basta a compensar le basse natalitate e le invecchiamento del population in tote le territorio. == Economia == [[File:Pabellón en la Feria de Zafra, Badajoz (2019).jpg|thumb|[[Feria International Ganadere de Zafra|Feria International Ganadere de Zafra]]]] Le economia de Extremadura es dominante in le sector del servicios, que representa le major parte del producto interior brut regional. Le construction e le parve e medie interprisas ha etiam un rolo importante. Durante le ultime decennios, le region ha cognoscite un processo de [[tertiarisation]] economic, associate al crescimento del commercio, del turismo e del servicios, in particular in le areas rural. Le proximitate con Portugal favorisa etiam le relationes commercial inter le region e le vicin territorio portugese.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} Le [[turismo in Extremadura|turismo]] constitue un del sectores in expansion, con un crescente interesse pro le patrimonio historic e cultural, le areas natural e le paisages rural del region. Le turismo ha acquirite un peso crescente in le economia regional, specialmente in le comarcas rural, ubi contribue al diversification del activitates traditionalmente agricole.{{sfn|Sánchez Martín|Rengifo Gallego|2019|p=22}} [[File:Cerdos ibericos.jpg|thumb|sinistra|[[Porco iberic|Porcos iberic]] in Extremadura]] Le agricultura e le [[bestiame]] remane importante pro le economia extremadurense. Le [[dehesa]], un paisage agro-silvo-pastoral characteristic del region, permitte le exploitation extensive de bovinos, ovinos e [[porco iberic|porcos iberic]], insimul con le production de [[corco]], cereales, oliva e productos hortofructicole. Le agroindustria constitue consequente un del principal ramos del industria regional. In le ultime decennios, Extremadura ha etiam presentate periodos de crescimento economic superior al media espaniol. In 2017, le [[producto interior brut]] regional cresceva de 3,7 %, un del plus alte taxas inter le comunidades autonome de [[Espania]].{{cite web |url=https://www.ine.es/ |title=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |publisher=Instituto Nacional de Estadística |language=es }} Le structura industrial de Extremadura es caracterisate per le predominio del parve e medie interprisas. Inter le principal activitates industrial se trova le [[agroindustria]], le energia, le transformation del [[liège]], le petra ornamental, le metalurgia e machination, e le industria textile. Le agroindustria es particularmente importante debite al peso del agricultura e del bestiame in le economia regional. [[File:Extremadura Product Exports (2020).svg|thumb|Exportationes de Extremadura in 2020]] Le sector energetic ha etiam un peso importante. Le construction de [[reservoir|reservoirs]] e de centrales hydroelectric ha permittite le exploitation del ressources aquatic del region e un production de electricitate que in varie periodos ha superate le consumo interne. A iste production se ha addite in le ultime annos un forte expansion del [[energia solar]], favorate per le conditiones climatic e le disponibilitate de grandes superficies de terreno. Malgrado le progresso economic e le diversification del activitates, Extremadura ha historicamente presentate niveles de renta e de [[producto interior brut per capita]] inferior al media de Espania. Le economia regional ha dunque continuate a enfrentar problemas structural como le debilitate del tessuto industrial, le despoblamento de numerose areas rural e le dependentia relative del sector public e del servicios.{{sfn|Parejo Moruno|Rangel Preciado|2014|pp=14-15}} == Infrastructure e servicios == === Education === Le education superior in Extremadura es principalemente representate per le [[Universitate de Extremadura]] (UEx), le universitate public del communitate autonome. Illa ha campus in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], e su offerta include studios de grado, master e doctorato in numerose campos.<ref name="UEx">{{cite web |url=https://www.unex.es/conoce-la-uex/presentacion-de-la-uex/conoce-extremadura/ |title=Conoce Extremadura e le campus del Universitate de Extremadura |publisher=Universitate de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Durante le annos 2020, plure projectos pro crear nove universitates in Extremadura esseva proponite. Le situation ha evoluite postea: le administration autonome ha initiate proceduras official pro le recognition e le implantation de nove institutiones e studios universitari.<ref name="JuntaUniversitate">{{cite web |url=https://www.juntaex.es/temas/educacion/universidad |title=Universitate |publisher=Junta de Extremadura |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> In 2026, le Junta de Extremadura ha publicate le [[Decreto 139/2026]], relative al implantation de nove enseignamentos official de grado e master in le Universitate de Extremadura, e ha etiam initiate le procedura pro le recognition del [[Universitate Aperte de Extremadura]].<ref name="DOE1392026">{{cite web |url=https://doe.juntaex.es/otrosFormatos/html.php?anio=2026&doe=1280o&xml=2026040168 |title=Decreto 139/2026, de 30 de junio |publisher=Diario Oficial de Extremadura |date=6 de julio 2026 |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref><ref name="JuntaUniversitate"/> === Energia === [[File:Centraldealmaraz.JPG|thumb|[[Central nuclear de Almaraz]]]] Extremadura es un importante productor de energia electric e produce considerablemente plus electricitate que su demanda regional. Secundo [[Red Eléctrica]], in 2025 le demanda de energia electric in le communitate esseva de 4 983 GWh, durante que le production electric esseva multo superior. Le generation regional esseva ancora dominate per le energia nuclear, que representava 47 % del total, sequite per le solar photovoltaic con 35 %, le hydroelectric con 12,3 % e le solar thermoelectric con 4,2 %.<ref name="REE2025">{{cite web |url=https://www.ree.es/sites/default/files/07_SALA_PRENSA/Documentos/2026/np-extremadura.pdf |title=Le demanda de energia electric in Extremadura cresce 3,4 % in 2025 |publisher=Red Eléctrica |date=11 de martio 2026 |access-date=13 de septembre 2026}}</ref> Le expansion del energia solar ha essite particularmente importante. In 2025 Extremadura addeva 689 MW de nove capacitate solar photovoltaic, e le 85,6 % del capacitate installate de generation del region pertineva a technologias renovabile.<ref name="REE2025"/> Extremadura es assi un del principales centros del production solar photovoltaic in Espania. Le [[Central nuclear de Almaraz]], in le provincia de [[Cáceres]], remane un del principales installationes energetic del region. Le systema electric regional include etiam numerose centrales hydroelectric, installations solar thermoelectric e photovoltaic, e un quantitá crescente de production renovabile.<ref name="REE2025"/> Le evolution del sector energetic ha renforçate le position de Extremadura in le transition verso un systema electric a basse emissiones. Le expansion del energia solar e le developpamento de nove installations renovabile constitue un del principales cambios in le infrastructure energetic del communitate durante le ultime annos.<ref name="REE2025"/> == Transporto == ==== Rete routier ==== Le [[Carreteras de Extremadura|rete de carreteras de Extremadura]] es administrate per differente niveles de administration. Le principal proprietarios e gestores es le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible|Stato]], le [[Junta de Extremadura]] e le [[Deputation Provincial de Badajoz|Deputations provincial de Badajoz e Cáceres]]. Le [[rete de carreteras del Stato]] comprende le principal vias de longa distantia que traversa le communitate, durante que le Junta de Extremadura gere le rete regional.{{cite web |url=https://www.transportes.gob.es/ |title=Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible |publisher=Gobierno de España |language=es }} ===== Autovias ===== Le principal autovias del Stato que traversa Extremadura es: <center> {| class=wikitable ! Identificator!!Denomination!!Itinerario |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-5.svg|48px]] [[File:ESP E-90.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia del Sud-West]] || [[Madrid]] – [[Alcorcón]] – [[Móstoles]] – [[Talavera de la Reina]] – [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] – [[Miajadas]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Badajoz]] – [[Portugal]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-43.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremadura-Communitate Valencian]] || [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Puertollano]] – [[Ciudad Real]] – [[Manzanares (Ciudad Real)|Manzanares]] – [[Argamasilla de Alba]] – [[Tomelloso]] – [[Villarrobledo]] – [[San Clemente (Cuenca)|San Clemente]] – [[Atalaya del Cañavate]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-58.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia Extremaduran]] || [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Badajoz]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-66.svg|66px]] [[File:ESP E-803.svg|72px]] || [[Autovia Ruta de la Plata]] || [[Gijón]] – [[Oviedo]] – [[Campomanes (Lena)|Campomanes]] – [[Onzonilla]] – [[Benavente (Zamora)|Benavente]] – [[Zamora]] – [[Salamanca]] – [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]] – [[Cáceres]] – [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] – [[Almendralejo]] – [[Sevilla]] |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-81.svg|60px]] || [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada]] || [[Badajoz]] – [[Zafra]] – [[Córdoba]] – [[Granada]] ''(in projecto)'' |- | <center>[[File:ESP A-83.svg|66px]] || [[Autovia de Huelva]] || [[Huelva]] – [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] – [[Zafra]] ''(projectate)'' |} </center> Le [[Autovia Badajoz-Granada|A-81]] es un projecto de autovia interregional que connectera Badajoz con Córdoba e Granada. In 2026 le [[Ministerio de Transportes y Movilidad Sostenible]] approbava definitivamente le studio informative del tramo inter Badajoz e le connexion con le [[A-66]] apud [[Zafra]], con un longitude de circa 71 km. Le tramo approbate include le connexion con le [[A-5]] in le area de Badajoz e le A-66 in le provincia de Badajoz.{{cite web |url=https://boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-B-2026-14456 |title=Anuncio de la Demarcación de Carreteras del Estado en Extremadura sobre la aprobación definitiva del estudio informativo de la Autovía Badajoz-Córdoba-Granada. Tramo Badajoz-Zafra |publisher=Boletín Oficial del Estado |date=2026-05-07 |language=es }} Le [[Autovia de Huelva|A-83]] es projectate como un nove connexion inter [[Huelva]] e le rete de autovias de Extremadura, via [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] e [[Zafra]]. Le autovias autonome del communitate autonome extremduran es: <center> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Clave!!Denomination!!Itinerario!!Categoria!!Longitude |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A1.svg|72px]]||[[Autovia Navalmoral de la Mata - Portugal]]||De [[Navalmoral de la Mata]] a [[Portugal]]||Autovia autonome||align="right"|123 (94 in servicio) |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A2.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Las Vegas Altas]]||De [[Miajadas]] a [[Vegas Altas]] ([[Don Benito]]-[[Villanueva de la Serena]])||Autovia autonome||align="right"|23&nbsp;735 |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A3.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Zafra a Jerez de Los Caballeros]]||De [[Zafra]] a [[Jerez de los Caballeros]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A5.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Almendralejo a A-5]]||De [[A-5]] ([[Guadajira]]) a [[Almendralejo]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |<center>[[File:ESP EX-A6.svg|78px]]||[[Autovia de Badajoz a Olivenza]]||De [[Badajoz]] a [[Olivenza]]||Autovia autonome||In projecto |---- |} </center> [[File:Trujillo (12040868206).jpg|thumb|Carretera [[N-521]] in Trujillo]] In addition al rete del Stato e al rete regional, le [[municipio|municipalitate]] gere le vias que es de lor competentia in le interior de lor terminos municipal. ==== Transporto public ==== ===== Autobuses ===== Le [[transporto public]] per [[autobus]] es le principal forma de transporto public inter le numerose localitates del region. Plure interprisas operate servicios interurban, inter le quales se trova [[ALSA]], [[LEDA]] e [[CEVESA]].{{cite web |url=https://www.leda.es/ |title=Sito web de LEDA |publisher=LEDA |access-date=2026-09-13 }}{{cite web |url=https://www.cevesa.es/ |title=Sito web de CEVESA |publisher=CEVESA |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le principal citates, inter illos [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Mérida (Espania)|Mérida]] e [[Plasencia]], dispone etiam de [[autobus urban|servicios urban de autobus]]. ===== Ferrovias ===== Le rete [[ferrovia]] de Extremadura es integrate in le rete ferroviari espaniol e connecte le region con [[Madrid]], le resto de Espania e [[Portugal]]. Le principal connexiones ferroviari traversa le axes [[Madrid]]–Extremadura, [[Mérida]]–[[Sevilla]] e [[Badajoz]]–Portugal. Le modernisation del infrastructura ferroviari ha essite un processo de longe duration. Le [[Alta velocitate in Espania|ligne de alte velocitate Madrid–Extremadura]] es construite per phases e plure tramos del infrastructure ha essite completate, ma le linea non es ancora totalmente operative in tote su longitude.{{cite web |url=https://www.adif.es/documents/34745/2309194/INFORME%2BBONOS%2BVERDES%2B2020%2BESP.pdf |title=Línea de Alta Velocidad Madrid-Extremadura |publisher=ADIF |language=es }} Le servicios ferroviari actual include trens de [[Renfe Media Distancia|Medie Distantia]] e servicios de longa distantia. Le servicios [[Renfe Alvia|Alvia]] connecte Badajoz con Madrid.{{cite web |url=https://grupo.renfe.com/es/es/sala-de-prensa/avisos/2026/julio/trenes-md-extremadura-madrid-iniciaran-finalizaran-leganes |title=Le trens de Medie Distantia Extremadura-Talavera de la Reina-Madrid |publisher=Renfe |date=2026-07 |language=es }} Le lineas que traversa Extremadura es: [[File:Entrada principal de la Estación de Mérida.jpg|thumb|[[Station de Mérida|Station ferroviari de Mérida]]]] ;[[Largessa iberic]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea Aljucén-Cáceres|Aljucén-Cáceres]] * [[Linea Ciudad Real-Badajoz|Ciudad Real-Badajoz]] * [[Linea Córdoba-Almorchón|Córdoba-Almorchón]] * [[Linea Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara|Madrid-Valencia de Alcántara]] * [[Linea Mérida-Los Rosales|Mérida-Los Rosales]] * [[Linea Plasencia-Astorga|Plasencia-Astorga]] (functionamento partial) * [[Linea Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese|Valencia de Alcántara-Frontiera portugese]] (sin servicio) * [[Linea Zafra-Huelva|Zafra-Huelva]] * [[Linea Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros|Zafra-Jerez de los Caballeros]] ;[[Largessa standard]] ([[Adif]]) * [[Linea de alte velocitate Madrid-Extremadura|Madrid-Extremadura]] (functionamento partial) ===== Aeroporto ===== Il existe un sol [[aeroporto]] commercial in Extremadura, le [[Aeroporto de Badajoz]], situate apud [[Badajoz]]. Le aeroporto ha actualmente collegamentos regular con [[Madrid]], [[Barcelona]], [[Gran Canaria]] e [[Tenerife]], operate per [[Air Nostrum]] e [[Binter Canarias]].{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/destinos-del-aeropuerto.html |title=Destinos del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} Le aeroporto constitue le principal infrastructure aeroportuari commercial del communitate. Le programmation del volos pote variar secundo le saison e le programmation del companias aerie.{{cite web |url=https://www.aena.es/es/badajoz/aerolineas-y-destinos/aerolineas.html |title=Aerolíneas del Aeropuerto de Badajoz |publisher=Aena |language=es |access-date=2026-09-13 }} == Cultura == === Patrimonio === [[File:Badajoz - Museo Extremeño e Iberoamericano de Arte Contemporáneo 2.jpg|thumb|[[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]].]] [[File:Diosa_Ceres_siglo_I_d.C.jpg|thumb|Statua sedente del dea [[Ceres (mythologia)|Ceres]] (seculo I p.Chr.), [[Museo National de Arte Roman de Mérida]].]] ==== Patrimonio del Humanitate ==== [[File:Royal_Monastery_of_Santa_Maria_de_Guadalupe.jpg|thumb|[[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Monasterio de Guadalupe]] ]] Extremadura possede tres locos que ha essite declarate [[Patrimonio del Humanitate]] cultural per le [[Unesco]]: * Citate Vetere de [[Cáceres]], desde 1986. * [[Insimul archaeologic de Mérida]], desde decembre 1993. * [[Real Monasterio de Nostra Seniora de Guadalupe]], desde 1993. Del mesme modo, le processo ha essite initiate pro obtener le designation como Patrimonio del Humanitate de altere benes como le citate murate de [[Plasencia (Cáceres)|Plasencia]], le citate de [[Trujillo (Espania)|Trujillo]], le [[Ponte de Alcántara]], le constructiones [[Bastion|bastionate]] de [[La Raya (frontiera)|la Raya]] inter Extremadura e [[Portugal]], le [[Via de la Plata]] e le ruta del imperator [[Carlos I de Espania|Carlos V]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mira Caballos|first1=Esteban|title=Historia e arte de Extremadura|date=2017|publisher=Art Duomo Global|location=Madrid|isbn=9788461784042|url=https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=682313}}</ref> Del altere latere, debe mentionar le singularitate del historic citate de [[Badajoz]], que possede le plus grande [[Recinto bastionate de Badajoz|recinto murate]] de Espania e le plus grande [[Alcazaba de Badajoz|alcazaba]] de Europa e del mundo in su genere e epocha. ==== Patrimonio europee ==== [[File:WLM14ES - Real Monasterio de San Jeronimo, Yuste, Caceres - MARIA ROSA FERRE.jpg|thumb|[[Monasterio de Yuste]] ]] Le 13 de april 2007, le [[Monasterio de Yuste]] esseva declarate [[Patrimonio Europee]]. ==== Vias pecuarie ==== Le vias pecuarie es rutas o itinerarios per le quales, seculos retro, le [[bestiame]] circulava inter le pasturas de estive in le montanias del nord e le pasturas de hiberno in le planuras del sud. Iste vias pote esser classificate secundo lor largessa: * Cañada (75 metros) * Cordel (37,5 metros) * Vereda (20 metros) * Coladas-descansaderos (secundo lo que determina le classification) In Extremadura, le [[Via pecuarie|vias pecuarie]] attinge un longitude de 7200 kilometros e occupa un superficie approximate de 30 000 hectares. In addition, sex del grande cañadas del rete national traversa le region. Le uso pecuari de iste vias ha declinate hodie e il ha factores como le circulation de vehiculos o le urbanisation que pote deteriorar los e invader los. In iste senso, il es necessari laborar pro frenar iste processo, ma super toto proque iste vias ha multe possibilitates desde le puncto de vista turistic e recreational; isto es, illos es un altere ressource endogene de grande valor ambiental e cultural que es necessari valorisar pro le disveloppamento rural. Le objectivo es reconverter lor uso specificamente pecuari in spatia de ocio in le medio rural, recuperante assi tote un cultura popular e professional fundate super le transhumantia. Per tote iste rationes, iste vias es un importante elemento pro le Disveloppamento Rural, proque illos favorisa le fixation del population in le zonas rural, debite a lor alte potential in le disveloppamento de activitates socio-economic como le turismo de natura, le mise in valor del patrimonio natural e cultural o le promotion de activitates artisanal. === Cinematographia === Le sequente films e series ha loco in Extremadura o ha essite filmate in le region: * ''[[Las Hurdes, terra sin pan]]'' (1932) * ''[[La cera virgen]]'' (1972) * ''[[Los santos inocentes (film)|Los santos inocentes]]'' (1984) * ''[[El Lute: camina o revienta]]'' (1987) * ''[[Jarrapellejos]]'' (1988) * ''[[1492: La conquista del paraíso]]'' (1992) * ''[[El séptimo día]]'' (2004) * ''[[Teresa: el cuerpo de Cristo]]'' (2007) * ''[[El hombre de arena (film)|El hombre de arena]]'' (2007) * ''[[Un novio para Yasmina]]'' (2008) * ''[[Pájaros muertos]]'' (2009) * ''[[La esquina del tiempo]]'' (2009) * ''[[Planes para mañana]]'' (2010) * Le serie ''[[Hispania, la leyenda]]'' (2010-2012) * Le serie ''[[Isabel (serie de television espaniol)|Isabel]]'' (2012-2014) * ''[[Territoriu de bandolerus]]'' (2013), prime film realisate in [[extremadurano]] * [[Juego de tronos (serie de television)]] * [[La catedral del mar (serie de television)]] * ''Cerdita (cortometraje)'' Ganator Goya 2019 (2018) * ''[[Cerdita]]'' (2022) === Museos === [[File:Vista exterior del Museo de Arte Contemporáneo Helga de Alvear.jpg|thumb|[[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]], in [[Cáceres]].]] In Mérida se trova le [[Museo National de Arte Roman]]. Il es un centro de recerca e diffusion del cultura roman ubi, in addition a albergar le discoperimentos archaeologic del antique citate roman Augusta Emerita, se celebra congresos, colloquios, conferentias, cursos, expositiones e multe altere activitates de ambito national e international. Concernente le arte moderne e contemporanee, se distingue le [[Museo de Arte Contemporanee Helga de Alvear]] in Cáceres e le [[Museo Extremaduran e Iberoamerican de Arte Contemporanee]] in Badajoz. === Folklore === Extremadura ha un rol eminente in le panorama folkloric espaniol. In le region persiste traditiones e elementos folkloric que la rende ric in iste senso, secundo le situation de un grande parte del occidente peninsular. Le folklore extremaduran possede elementos e formas proprie, al mesme tempore que illo reflecte alteres proveniente del influentia de territorios vicin, specialmente del leonese (generalmente influente in le provincia de Cáceres e in areas del nord de Badajoz, ben que alcun de su elementos se presenta ancora mesmo in zonas limitrophe del [[provincia de Huelva]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://turismosierradearacena.com/la-danza-del-pandero-sobrio-compas-de-la-historia-en-encinasola/|title=Le Danza del Pandero, sobrie compass del historia in Encinasola|access-date=2022-06-16|last=Rodríguez|first=Manuel|date=2018-12-10|website=Turismo Sierra de Aracena {{!}} Experientias pro viver e gustar|language=es}}</ref> e del andaluse (plus influente in le resto del provincia pacense, ben que alcun elementos e formas meridional se presenta etiam in Cáceres e altere areas del meridie peninsular).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nanopdf.com/download/15-rondeas-veratas-guitarra_pdf#|title=[PDF] (15 Rondeñas veratas guitarra) - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=nanopdf.com|language=en}}</ref> Certes influentias portugese es equalmente notabile.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docplayer.es/23859316-Bailes-y-danzas-de-extremadura.html|title=Dances e dansas de Extremadura - Download gratuite del PDF|access-date=2022-06-16|website=docplayer.es}}</ref> ==== Festas ==== [[File:Panoramica Womad 2009.jpg|thumb|Le placia Major de Cáceres durante le celebration del [[WOMAD]] 2009]] Extremadura conta con circa quaranta festas de interesse turistic<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080609035140/http://www.turismoextremadura.com/fiestas/index.php?id=2283%7C Guida de Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — Turismo Extremadura.</ref> durante tote le anno. Le tractation e concession del titulo del festas se effectua per medio del Consiliariato de Medio Ambiente, Urbanismo e Turismo. Pro obtener le status de Festa de Interesse Turistic Regional, un festa debe satisfacer le sequente requisitos:<ref>[http://doe.juntaex.es/pdfs/doe/1997/1490O/97040181.pdf DECRETO 152/1997, del 22 de decembre, super Festas de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura] — DOE – Junta de Extremadura.</ref> Iste festas de interesse turistic sole coincider, ben que non sempre, con dies de festas popular in varie locos de Extremadura, como [[Sebastian (martyr)|San Sebastián]], [[Blasius de Sebaste|San Blas]], [[Carnaval]]es, [[Septimana Sancte]], augusto o le [[Día de Tote le Sanctos]]. Inter alteres, se distingue: * Le [[Septimana Sancte Cacereña]], de Interesse Turistic International, alcun del cuje confraternitates es inter le plus antique de Espania. Assi, le del Nazareno e del Misericordia ha statutos del anno 1464, le del Spirito Sancte del anno 1493, le del Sancte e Vera Cruz del anno 1521 e le de La Soledad remonta a 1582. Durante 2008 desfilar 12 confraternitates con 37 passos in 18 procession, con le participation de circa 3000 confratres. Le passo appellate «del Cristo Nigre» es un del plus venerate, distinguite per su austeritate e serietate. A causa de su particularitate, illo aspira a esser declarate de Interesse Turistic International. * Le [[Septimana Sancte de Mérida]], de Interesse Turistic National, conta con numerose confraternitates, in addition a un Via Crucis con un de su statuas le plus antique, le Cristo de la O, in le amphitheatro roman del citate. Illo conta tanto con antique confraternitates del seculos seculo XVIII e seculo XIX, como con multe alteres fundate al curso del seculos seculo XX e seculo XXI. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Jerez de los Caballeros|Septimana Sancte de Jerez de los Caballeros]], de [[Festas de Interesse Turistic National (Espania)|Interesse Turistic National]],<ref>Diario ''Hoy'' [http://www.hoy.es/prov-badajoz/201512/14/semana-santa-jerez-caballeros-20151214181453.html Notitia super le declaration de festa de interesse national]</ref> conta con un total de octave fraternitates que desfila durante iste dies per le vias del localitate pacense in un total de dece-un processiones. Le quatro ecclesias principal (Santa Catalina, San Miguel Arcángel, San Bartolomé e Santa María de la Encarnación), plus le ermita del Sanctos Martyres, deveni centros de attention e de expectation pro vider le sortita del confraternitates. Iste localitate del Sud-West extremaduran conta con un varietate de imagines de Extremadura e Andalusia, con passos como le Virgine del Rosario, que processiona le Dominica del Ramos e le de Resurrection, o le Esperanza Macarena, que face su station de penitentia in le Madrugá Jerezana. * Le [[Carnavales de Badajoz]], de Interesse Turistic International, es un del illos que reuni le plus grande participation popular. Il ha un multitude de comparsas que imple le vias pacenses de color, con costumes incredibilemente elaborate, creante un grande spectaculo le dominica de Carnaval, quando se celebra le parade official del Comparsas e Artefactos. Se distingue etiam le concurso de Murgas, celebrate in le theatro López de Ayala, in le qual numerose gruppos se presenta con le objectivo de attinger le grande final, celebrate le venerdi de Carnaval. Illos es un del quatro carnavales espaniol con recognition de Interesse Turistic International, insimul con illos de [[Carnaval de Cádiz|Cádiz]], [[Carnaval de Santa Cruz de Tenerife|Santa Cruz de Tenerife]] e [[Carnaval de Águilas|Águilas]]. * Le [[Septimana Sancte in Badajoz|Septimana Sancte pacense]], de Interesse Turistic National, possede confraternitates e imagines que remonta al seculos seculo XVI e seculo XVII. Inter le momentos notabile de iste celebrationes es le passo del procession del Cristo del Angustia, del parochia de San Fernando, super le Ponte de Palmas, cuje luces es extinguite, obtenente un belle panorama; le Via Crucis realisate in le placia Alta del citate con le passo del Cristo del Prendimiento; o le procession del [[Virgine del Soledad]], patrona de Badajoz. [[File:Jarramplas_en_el_campanario_de_Piornal.jpg|[[Jarramplas]] de [[Piornal]]|thumb]] * [[Jarramplas]], de Interesse Turistic National, es un persona vestite con un jaqueta e pantalones del qual pende un multitude de bandas multicolor; le testa es coperite per un masca conic de fibra de vitro que contine duo cornus e un grande naso, e ille face un percurso per le vias de Piornal sonante un tambur, durante que le vicinos le jecta legumines e hortalia. In le passato on le jectava patatas, ma hodie on le jecta navos. In le populationes minor, se distingue le festas de Interesse Turistic National como [[Le Encamisá de Torrejoncillo|le Encamisá]] de [[Torrejoncillo]] o le festa del [[Peropalo]] in [[Villanueva de la Vera]]; se distingue etiam le festa del [[Chanfaina]] e le peregrination de [[San Isidro Labrador]], in [[Fuente de Cantos]], ambes de Interesse Turistic Regional (essente le sol municipio con duo festas de iste declaration); e le [[Jarramplas]], in Piornal, de Interesse Turistic de Extremadura, o le [[Battalia de La Albuera]], etiam de Interesse Regional, inter multe alteres. ==== Dances e musica popular ==== Extremadura ha conservate inter su traditiones un grande numero de dances e dansas autochtone. Le cancionero constitue un de su grande thesauros, ubi on pote trovar cantiones pro tote le occasiones.<ref name="ext">[[Miguel Herrero Uceda|Herrero Uceda, Miguel]] e Elisa. "[[Mi Extremadura]], le cultura rural". Elam editores, 2012. ISBN 9788493658540</ref> Extremadura ha habite eminente musicologos como [[Bonifacio Gil]], [[Manuel García Matos]] e Ángela Capdeville, inter alteres, qui ha realisate studios super le cancionero popular de Extremadura, percorrente le villages pro colliger centenas de cantiones e establir le bases del cancionero autochtone.<ref>[[Bonifacio Gil|Gil García, Bonifacio]]. Cancionero popular de Extremadura</ref> [[File:Danzaores.jpg|thumb|Danzaores in [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] ]] Le danza ha como principal characteristica le simplicitate e le elegantia. Le femina, con su passos agitate, face mover su vistose refajos. Su bracios, ben que illos es retenite per le pañuelos policrome de «filoseda» que se crucea super lor corpores, prende le movimento de vader e venir secundo le rhythmo. Le homine dansa con le bracios elevate, reguardante su compania, durante que su pedes marca fortemente le rhythmo.<ref name="ext"/> Le [[Jota (musica)|jotas]] prende in Extremadura un grande varietate de formas e nuances; se distingue etiam le [[Fandango (danza)|fandango]], le rondeña, le [[jota del triangulo]], le [[Dansas de bastones e de bandas|paleos]], le [[pindongo]], le [[perantón]], sones brincaos e sones llanos. Le [[flamenco]] es etiam importante (jaleos extremaduran, tangos extremaduran). Le instrumentos utilisate es le [[flauta a tres foramines]] (gaita extremaduran) e tambur, [[guitarra]], [[laúd]], [[rabel]], [[pandero]] e altere instrumentos de percussion como mortaios, castaniettas o botella de anis. === Gastronomia === Le gastronomia de Extremadura es le insimul de pratos e traditiones culinar del region. Le apertura del [[Via de la Plata]] ha facite que le cocina extremaduran se diffunde per altere regiones, influente etiam [[Gastronomia de Espania|illo espaniol]], durante que, al mesme tempore, le cocina extremaduran ha essite influentiate per altere cozinarias. Le existentia de numerose monasterios, como le de [[Monasterio de Yuste|Yuste]] o le de [[Real Monasterio de Santa Maria de Guadalupe|Guadalupe]], ha date loco a un splendor culinari de receptas provenite de lor cozinarias.<ref>[[Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez|Dionisio Pérez]] (1929), ''Guida del bon mangiar espaniol'', ed. Maxtor, pp. 40-57.</ref> Extremadura non da al mar, e le pratos que illo offere es fundamentalmente de carne e componite de varie [[hortalies]]. Plure alimentes, spetias o fructos ha [[denomination de origine protegite]]. In le dominio del carne, es notabile le grande production de subproductos del [[carne de porco|porco]], como le [[embutito]]s e le [[chacineria]] in general. Le production porcine ha in iste region alte nivellos de qualitate, proque on cria le [[porco iberic|razas iberic]] alimentate per le abundante [[glandes]]. Un del zonas de plus grande production porcine es le comarcas de [[Montánchez]]; secundo un legenda, le bon [[prosciutto|prosciuttos]] ([[Prosciutto de Montánchez]]) de iste terra se debe al persecution que le porcos face contra le [[vipera]]s. Le [[chorizo]]s extremaduran es multo abundante in [[alio]] e in [[pimento de la Vera]]. Un del pratos representative es le [[cachuela|cachuela extremaduran]], le [[chanfaina]], etc. Como Extremadura es un terra de pasturage, es notabile le pratos con [[agnello]]: [[caldereta de agnello]], le frito extremaduran. Le venation es abundante e il es notabile le venation minor; un del platos de venation le plus cognoscite es le [[perdices al modo de Alcántara]], debite a un [[Historia del gastronomia de Espania|historia con le tropas francese]]. Inter le pisces, es notabile le diverse receptas elaborate con [[baccala salate]], super toto illos que porta le denomination de [[Potage de vigilia|vigilia]]: [[potage de vigilia]]. Le [[torta del Casar]] es un caseo extremaduran con denomination de origine protegite a nivello europee. Il debe equalmente mentionar le traditional prato del [[micas extremaduran]], in le qual se usa productos como le [[Pimento de la Vera]] e le chorizo extremaduran. === Linguas === In le region se parla plure [[linguas iberoromanic]]: [[File:Idiomas de Extremadura.PNG|thumb|Linguas de Extremadura]] * [[Lingua espaniol|Castellano]], le sol lingua recognoscite in Extremadura como official, es etiam le idioma materne e currente de plus de 97 % del population. * [[lingua portugese|Portugese]], con su variantes principal: le [[portugese oliventin]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=137}} illo de [[Herrera de Alcántara]],{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|p=136}} e le portugese de [[Cedillo]] e del fascia frontiera in [[Valencia de Alcántara]].{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=138-139}} In le majoritate de iste localitates le portugese es in regression. Le varietate oliventin habeva in 2014 1000 parlantes, in su majoritate personas vetule.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elperiodicoextremadura.com/noticias/provinciabadajoz/portugues-oliventino-tiene-millar-hablantes_806528.html |work=[[El Periódico de Extremadura]] |title=Le portugese oliventin ha un mille parlantes |date=31 de maio 2015}}</ref> Alcun scholas extremaduran offere le inseniamento del portugese como lingua estranie, ma non sempre a nivellos que conduce le alumnos a dominar le idioma. * [[Fala (Valle de Jálama)|Fala]], lingua intimemente ligate al [[Lingua gallega|gallego]] e al [[Lingua portugese|portugese]], con forte influentias asturleonese, es catalogate como ben de interesse cultural e gaude de protection special per parte del [[Junta de Extremadura]]. Illo es considerate un gruppo dialectal del galaico-portugese plenmente differentiate del portugese del altere latere del frontiera e del resto del varietates de portugese de Extremadura.{{Sfn|Carrasco González|1996|pp=135-136}} Illo es parlate in le [[Valle de Jálama]] (''Xálima'' in iste lingua). * [[Extremadurano]]: lingua formative del trunco [[asturleonese]]. Identificate como tal per organisationes international<ref>Unesco, [[Atlas interactive Unesco del linguas in periculo in le mundo]], [http://www.unesco.org/languages-atlas/index.php version web interactive]</ref><ref>[https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ext Pagina super le extremadurano in Ethnologue]</ref> se trova in stato de regression e care quasi completemente de normalisation. === Religion === [[File:VIRGENR1.JPG|thumb|[[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]], prime imagine coronate canonicamente in Extremadura in 1906]] [[File:Cristo Serradilla.JPG|thumb|[[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]], un del imagines de Cristo con le plus de devote in Espania]] {{Vide etiam|Provincia ecclesiastic de Mérida-Badajoz}} In Extremadura es presente numerose confessiones religiose. Le major parte del extremaduranos pertine a alcun religion christian, ab le [[catholicismo]], que es celle con le plus de fideles, usque al confessiones [[Ecclesias Evangelic|evangelic]] e [[Ecclesia anglican|anglican]]; in addition, il existe in Extremadura [[Testes de Jehovah]] e membros del Ecclesia de Jesus Christo del Sanctos del Ultime Dies ([[mormones]]). Nonobstante, il ha etiam in le region personas [[Judaismo|judaic]] e [[Islam|musulman]]. Secundo le barometro autonome publicate per le CIS (Centro de Recerca Sociologic) in 2012, le affiliation religiose in Extremadura es: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 81,2 % [[catholicos]] * 1 % altere religiones * 13,5 % non affiliate (agnostic + credentes sin affiliation) * 3,5 % atheos * 0,7 % N.C. </div> Al question: «Con qual frequentia vos assiste al missa o altere officios religiose, sin contar le occasiones ligate a ceremonias de typo social, per exemplo, nuptias, communiones o funerales?» Le responsas esseva: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * 52,1 % quasi nunquam * 20 % plure vices per anno * 12,1 % alcun vice per mense * 13,4 % quasi tote le dominicas e dies festive * 2,4 % plure vices per septimana * 0 % N.C. </div> Le devotiones a es particularmente notabile: <div style="column-count:2; column-width:20em; column-gap:2em;"> * [[Virgine de Guadalupe (Extremadura, Espania)|Santa Maria de Guadalupe]] * [[Sancte Cristo del Victoria de Serradilla]] * [[Pedro de Alcántara|San Petro de Alcántara]] * [[Virgine del Porto (Plasencia)|Virgine del Porto]] de [[Plasencia]] * [[Virgine del Remedios|Santa Maria del Remedios]] de [[Fregenal de la Sierra]] * [[Virgine de Piedraescrita|Nostra Seniora de Piedra-Escrita (le "Barranquera")]], patrona de [[Campanario (Badajoz)]] e principal de [[La Serena (Badajoz)|La Serena]], coronate canonicamente con authorization del papa [[Pio XII]] le 25 de septembre 1955. </div> * [[Santissime Christo del Quinte Angustia o de "Zalamea"]], [[Zalamea de la Serena (Badajoz)]]. * [[Virgine del Montania|Nostra Seniora le Sanctissime Virgine del Montania]], patrona de [[Cáceres]]. === Medios de communication === ==== Pressa scribite ==== In le region es distribuite le principal diarios national: ''[[El Mundo (Espania)|El Mundo]]'', ''[[El País]]'', ''[[ABC (periodico)|ABC]]'', ''[[La Razón (Espania)|La Razón]]'', ''[[La Vanguardia]]'' e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura|El Periódico]]''. Es distribuite etiam le principal revistas super tote typos de themas, per exemplo: ''[[Cuore (revista)|Cuore]]'', ''[[Lecturas]]'', ''[[El Jueves]]'' e ''[[Jara y Sedal]]''. A nivello autonome existe le diario ''[[Hoy (Extremadura)|Hoy]]'', pertinente a [[Vocento]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Badajoz, e ''[[El Periódico Extremadura]]'', pertinente al [[Gruppo Zeta]], que se concentra plus super le provincia de Cáceres. Ambes diarios ha sedes in le principal citates de Extremadura. A nivello local, le periodico le plus importante del region es ''[[La Crónica de Badajoz]]'', distribuite in iste citate. In addition, existe etiam parve periodicos e revistas comarcal e local de minor importantia, que es distribuite gratis o per pagamento in le kioskes. ==== Radio ==== In le capital extremaduran, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[RNE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe sedes plus parve de iste institution in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]] e [[Plasencia]]. Ab iste punctos, [[RNE]] diffunde a nivello regional le bulletin territorial ''Chronica de Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In differente punctos del geographia extremaduran il ha sedes del principal radios private national, per le quales illas diffunde a nivello regional. Illas es, per exemplo, [[Los 40 (Espania)|Los 40]], [[esRadio]], [[COPE]], [[Cadena SER]], [[ABC Punto Radio]], [[Cadena 100]], [[Cadena Dial]], [[Europa FM]] e [[Onda Cero (Espania)|Onda Cero]]. Actualmente, in Mérida se trova le sede principal del radio public extremaduran [[Canal Extremadura Radio]], pertinente al [[CEXMA]]. In addition a iste sede, illo ha alteres in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente il non existe ulle radio autonome extremaduran que diffunde in le region. Actualmente il existe solmente un radio public in le region que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local. Il se tracta de [[Radio Miajadas]], que diffunde in iste localitate e in su area de influentia. In Extremadura diffunde parve radios que informa super le actualitate comarcal e local, como per exemplo [[Radio Plasencia Centro]], [[Canal Norte]], [[Radio Fórum Mérida]], [[Norte Radio Trujillo]] o [[Monesterio|Radio Monesterio]]. ==== Television ==== [[File:CEXMA new.png|thumb|Logotypo de [[Canal Extremadura Television]] ]] In le capital, Mérida, se trova le sede principal in le region del [[RTVE]], de ubi [[TVE]] diffunde. In addition, il existe altere sedes del corporation in [[Badajoz]] e [[Cáceres]]. Ab iste citates, TVE diffunde a nivello regional le notitias territorial ''Notitias Extremadura'', de lunedi a venerdi. In le region on pote captar le canales national private de television de Espania como, per exemplo: [[Antena 3]], [[Cuatro (canal de television)|Cuatro]], [[Telecinco]] e [[La Sexta]]. Actualmente existe un canal public de television que diffunde a nivello autonome: illo es [[Canal Extremadura TV]], que pertine al [[CEXMA]]. Il ha su sede principal in Mérida e delegationes in [[Badajoz]], [[Cáceres]], [[Plasencia]], [[Villanueva de la Serena]] e [[Madrid]]. Actualmente ulle canal de television private non diffunde a nivello regional, ma il es in attente que [[Kiss TV]] comencia a diffunder. In Extremadura il existe solmente tres canales public de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local, a saper [[Almendralejo TV]], [[Villafranca TV]] e [[TV Miajadas]]. Iste canales diffunde in lor respective localitates e areas de influentia per le [[TDT]]. In le region il ha canales private de television que diffunde a nivello comarcal/local per TDT, como [[K30 TV]], [[Comarcalia TV]], [[Via Plata TV]], [[TelePlasencia]] o [[TeleZafra]]. == Notas == <references group="n."/> {{Ref}} {{Communitates Autonome de Espania}} [[Categoria:Extremadura]] 8dzxsafa7x022fnhyf7ss97p7wm9yvk 0 59609 699957 699431 2026-09-13T03:41:06Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699957 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vera Rockline''' (nascet ''Schlesinger'', Вера Николаевна Рохлина, Vera Nikolaïevna Rokhlina, 1896 — 4 de abril, 1934, Paris) — fue un artista russo-francese del [[Paris School]], grafico, autora de articulos super arte. == Biografia == Ella nacete in [[Moscova]] de Nikolai Schlesinger e de la francese Jeanne Malebranche. Ella studiava in le studio de pintura e desenho de [[Ilya Mashkov]] in via Myasnitskaya. Ella studiava le obras e methodes de altri maestros del [[Jack of Diamonds]] - [[Pyotr Konchalovsky]], [[Aristarkh Lentulov]], [[Alexander Kuprin]]. In 1918, connectet cu le relocation a [[Kiovia]], illa continuava su studios in le studio de [[Alexandra Exter]], cognominate "Amazon del avant-garde", cu le quales studentos tamben includeva [[Alexander Tyshler]] e [[Pavel Chelishchev]]. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.papillongallery.com/vera_rockline.html|title=Vera Rockline|website=www.papillongallery.com|access-date=2017-05-02|accessdate=2025-05-24|archivedate=2025-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250426205215/http://www.papillongallery.com/vera_rockline.html}}</ref> In 1918, Vera maritava le filio de un advocat de Tiflis, Zakhariy Yakovlevich Rokhlin - Sergei Rokhlin (Serge Rockline), qui postea deveniva un philateliste famose, possessore del casa de comercio philatelic parigine "Maison Romeko Paris", e qui in 1919-1920 habitava in Tiflis (nunc Tbilisi, Georgia). In le primavera de 1919, escondente durante tres dies in le hold de un vapour traversante le Mar Negro, illa prima arrivava a Constantinople e de la a Francia, e se stabiliva in le casa familiar in Burgundy in Resse-sur-Ours, ubi su matre esseva originari. In 1921, ella se trasladava a [[Paris]] e comenciava a viver in [[Montparnasse]], ubi a iste tempore esset un grande communitate russe, cu quale l'artista interagia prope. De 1922, ella exhibiva su obras al "Salon d'Automne", "Salon des Indépendants" e "Salon des Tuileries" sub le nomine Vera Rockline. Su obras esseva succedite, e critics e le pressa comenciava a parlar del artista. In 1925, le galeria "Charles Vildrac" e in 1934, le galeria "Barreiro" presentava exposiciones personales del artista. Ella esset cognoscite con [[Zinaida Serebryakova]], qui anque viveva in Paris, e pictava su portrait. Desde 1933, ella esseva un socio del section artistica del Union de Laboratores d'Art russe in Francia. Ella gaudeva del supporto del couturier e collectore Paul Poiret, qui scribeva le introduction del catalogo de su prime exposicion personal (1924), in le qual, specialmente, ille scribeva: "Io ama le pintura de Vera Rokhlina. Io me doler pro illes qui non lo ama." <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://new.liveauctioneers.com/item/5816977|title=1001: Vera ROCKLINE (1896-1934) Nu au béret rouge à sa: Lot 1001|website=LiveAuctioneers|language=en-US|access-date=2017-05-02}}</ref> == Creativitate == Ella pintava multe nude, paisages, portraits e naturals mortes de flores. In su obra, ella passava per un passione pro impressionismo e cubismo, developpante su proprie estilo in le annos 1930, in le qual, secundo le autoritative revista de arte L`Art et les Artistes, "un equilibrio artistic inter Courbet e Renoir esseva attingite." In le mesmo tempore, le proximitate de le nudes de Rokhlina al obras de Zinaida Serebryakova, con qui ella comunicava intime in Paris, es impressionante. Le giornalista, scrittor, critico de arte, e curatore del Musée du Petit Palais Raymond Escolier adjectivava le serie de imagines nude feminine de Rokhlina como "un symphonia de carne." Nudes feminine deveniva le tema principal de le opere de Rokhlina, despite que ella etiam pictava portrettos, landscapes e nature mortes con flores. == Morte == Vera Rokhlina se suicidava a 38 annos. Un obituario in le revista "Russian Thought" esseva scribite per [[Alexandre Benois]], qui recognoscite su extraordinari talento. In le catalogo del Autumn Salon, le critico Leblong scribeva que "le morte premature del artista esseva un de le plus grande perdas in le scena de arte parisian in annos recent. == Galeria == <gallery mode=packed> File:Vera Rockline Card players 1919.jpg|''The Card Players'' (1919) File:Rockline Nu assis avec miroir 1920.jpg|''Nude with red beret at her toilet'' (1920) File:Rockline jeune-femme-a-leventail-bleu-1919.jpg|''Portrait of a young woman with blue fan'' (1919) File:Roclline Autoportrait 1922.jpg|''Self-Portrait'' (1922) File:Rockline nude-in-blue-interior-1919-1921.jpg|''Nude with blue interior'' (1919–1921)</gallery> ==References and sources== ;References {{reflist}} ;Sources {{DEFAULTSORT:Rockline, Vera}} [[Categoria:Artistas]] [[Categoria:Pictores]] [[Categoria:Gente ashkenazi]] [[Categoria:Gente judee]] [[Categoria:Arte]] [[Categoria:Gente francese]] [[Categoria:Pictores francese]] [[Categoria:Gente russe]] [[Categoria:Pictores russe]] 2e21m76u55ujq0vqmy2iz2lu2vx8qz4 0 59727 699950 692811 2026-09-13T01:35:54Z Inge Walter 52056 /* Cambios ambiental */ Correction orthographic minor= "mediterranean": "MEDITERRANEAN adj mediterranee; n Mediterraneo", 699950 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox}} Le '''XII millennio aEC''' imbraciava le annos 12.000 a 11.001 a.C. Iste millenio occurre durante le periodo [[Paleolithico Superior|Paleolithico superior]]. Le transition [[Paleolithico]]-[[Mesolithico]] comenciava in le [[Oriente Medie|Oriente Proxime]] durante iste millenio.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Otte |first=Marcel |title=Sourcebook of Paleolithic Transitions |url=http://www.continuitas.org/texts/otte_transition.pdf |date=2009 |page=538 p |isbn=978-0-387-76478-8 |accessdate=10 de julio de 2025 |language=anglese }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250421051213/http://www.continuitas.org/texts/otte_transition.pdf |date=2025-04-21 }}</ref> Il es impossibile datar precisemente eventos que occurreva durante iste millennio, e tote le datos associate con iste millennio es estimationes in principio basate sur analyse geologic, analyse anthropologic e datation radiometric. ==Geologia== ===Animales=== Le [[Corno|corno]] de [[Saiga|saiga]] esseva trovate in le caverna de [[Komishan]] le qual indica un occupation del caverna al fin de iste millennio.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Fereidoun |first=Biglari |title=Iranian Archaeology 1, Special Issue on Paleolithic Period |journal=Iranian Archaeology |date=Januario 2010 |volume=1 |issue=1 |page=35 |url=https://www.academia.edu/48906550 |accessdate=17 de maio de 2023|language=anglese}}</ref> In Francia, le prime [[Incisor|incisor]] de un [[Cervini|cervo rubio]] es datate del XIII-XII millennio aEC.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Binois |first=Annelise |title=Dental Development Pathology in Wild artiodactyls: Two Prehistoric Case Studies from France |journal=International Journal of Paleopathology |date=Martio 2014 |pages=53–58 |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1879981713001320 |accessdate=2 de martio 2023 |language=anglese}}</ref> Durante iste millennio, le prime restos mortal de un [[Can|can]] esseva trovate in le [[Cultura natufiana|cultura natufiana]] del [[Levante (Mediterraneo)|Levant]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Arbuckle |first=Benjamin S. |editor-last=Potts |editor-first=D.T |title=Animals in the Ancient World |date=2012 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |page=210 p |url=https://www.academia.edu/download/14425124/Arbuckle_2012_Animals_in_the_Ancient_World.pdf |accessdate=25 de maio 2023 |language=anglese}}</ref> ===Cambios ambiental=== Il ha evidencia material pro le agglomeration de [[Lista de insulas in le Mediterraneo|insulas mediterraneae]] que indica iste activitate desde le XII–[[XI millennio aEC]]. Plus que un seculo retro, illo diventava clar como multo del [[Cultura magdalenian|cultura magdalenian]] e [[Cultura azilian|cultura azilian]] suffreva cambios in [[Europa Occidental]]. Desde tunc, iste mutationes sequente un al altere entre le millennios XIV e XII aEC, particularmente durante le calefaction glacial tardive, esseva ofte considerate como un real revolution, sovente describite per le filtro de mythos de catastrophes le qual inspirava e, a vices, ancora influentia le ricerca prehistoric.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Valentin |first=Boris |title=Magdalenian and Azilian Lithic Productions in the Paris Basin: Disappearance of a Programmed Economy |journal=The Arkotek Journal |date=2008 |volume=2 |issue=1 |url=https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/43a389c6-5f75-39aa-bfb9-f498529c3d7d/ |accessdate=19 julio 2025 |language=anglese}}</ref> {{refer}} [[Categoria:Millennio| ]] [[Categoria:Calendario]] 3zjnf9el853m647lvgqrjo2jexstpka 2 61141 699874 699798 2026-09-12T17:34:01Z Interlingvisto 60932 699874 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] 2e1j9d0mqn4yhgss5bngnxg1yh52g7l 699884 699874 2026-09-12T19:57:14Z Interlingvisto 60932 699884 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] ovvz3hmcs20c1qg0ver2bfn2chfihbz 699888 699884 2026-09-12T20:21:25Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Articulos facite e meliorate */ 699888 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] c5jc6zgdh5mvdkiw009osv6knpzbah4 699916 699888 2026-09-12T20:52:14Z Interlingvisto 60932 699916 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] bxo4msr9lut86u9bvlagd82ym0wayku 699922 699916 2026-09-12T21:03:53Z Interlingvisto 60932 699922 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] * [[Delcygate]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] 028ut7ax0q7s1eiu87wdh9x7tcp0n6k 699930 699922 2026-09-12T21:30:50Z Interlingvisto 60932 699930 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] * [[Delcygate]] * [[Zachary Taylor]] * [[Millard Fillmore]] * [[Franklin Pierce]] * [[James A. Garfield]] * [[Chester A. Arthur]] * [[William Howard Taft]] * [[Herbert Hoover]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] nx30poyhodusm6hnm8latx3g88hdqct 699961 699930 2026-09-13T07:55:29Z Interlingvisto 60932 699961 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] * [[Delcygate]] * [[Zachary Taylor]] * [[Millard Fillmore]] * [[Franklin Pierce]] * [[James A. Garfield]] * [[Chester A. Arthur]] * [[William Howard Taft]] * [[Herbert Hoover]] * [[Ceuta]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] f4cwtlzyzvqe1x787mfval0ybwfj279 699980 699961 2026-09-13T10:34:52Z Interlingvisto 60932 699980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] * [[Delcygate]] * [[Zachary Taylor]] * [[Millard Fillmore]] * [[Franklin Pierce]] * [[James A. Garfield]] * [[Chester A. Arthur]] * [[William Howard Taft]] * [[Herbert Hoover]] * [[Ceuta]] * [[Stricto de Gibraltar]] * [[Melilla]] * [[Mustela frenata]] * [[Pression arterial]] * [[Invictus (film de 2009)]] * [[Tadorna ferruginea]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] rdp10v6yhfvg2p1ibwiefq95y4sffx4 699982 699980 2026-09-13T10:44:07Z Interlingvisto 60932 699982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] * [[Delcygate]] * [[Zachary Taylor]] * [[Millard Fillmore]] * [[Franklin Pierce]] * [[James A. Garfield]] * [[Chester A. Arthur]] * [[William Howard Taft]] * [[Herbert Hoover]] * [[Ceuta]] * [[Stricto de Gibraltar]] * [[Melilla]] * [[Mustela frenata]] * [[Pression arterial]] * [[Invictus (film de 2009)]] * [[Tadorna ferruginea]] * [[Alcedo atthis]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] ezz8r9w7ff3d57r2601e45k2z4iiohr 699984 699982 2026-09-13T11:01:36Z Interlingvisto 60932 699984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] * [[Delcygate]] * [[Zachary Taylor]] * [[Millard Fillmore]] * [[Franklin Pierce]] * [[James A. Garfield]] * [[Chester A. Arthur]] * [[William Howard Taft]] * [[Herbert Hoover]] * [[Ceuta]] * [[Stricto de Gibraltar]] * [[Melilla]] * [[Mustela frenata]] * [[Pression arterial]] * [[Invictus (film de 2009)]] * [[Tadorna ferruginea]] * [[Alcedo atthis]] * [[Lutra de pelle lisie]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] 3dazeyyvq0hdjigg5jlpsrg4x8sjl78 699992 699984 2026-09-13T11:18:12Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Articulos facite e meliorate */ 699992 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Babel|ia-2}} Mi objectivo es ameliorar le qualitate del articulos del Wikipedia in interlingua. Como interlingua es un lingua international facile a comprender, io me propone contribuer a ameliorar le qualitate e le fiabilitate del information presentate hic. == Articulos facite e meliorate == * [[Figura de collina]] * [[Interdisciplinaritate]] * [[San Marino]] * [[Solutionismo]] * [[Organisation de recerca per contracto]] * [[Michel Foucault]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Del bon salvage al bon revolutionario]] * [[Confederation de Nationalitates Indigene de Ecuador]] * [[Universitate de Madrid]] * [[Philosophia continental]] * [[Philosophia occidental]] * [[Philosophia oriental]] * [[Niendorfer Gehege]] * [[Ugo Foscolo]] * [[Castello de Ahrensburg]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Johann Wolfgang von Goethe]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Immanuel Kant]] [[File:Cscr-featured.svg|19px]] * [[Friedrich Schiller]] * [[Logistica]] * [[Jaime Roldós Aguilera]] * [[Terence McKenna]] * [[Edith Södergran]] * [[Abdellatif Hammouchi]] * [[Direction General pro le Securitate National]] * [[Phindu Zaie Banda]] * [[Hebban olla vogala]] * [[Litteratura del Renascentia]] * [[Juan José Flores]] * [[Frontiera inter Espania e Marocco]] * [[Revolution francese]] * [[Provincia de Badajoz]] * [[Julián Méndez]] * [[Extremadura]] * [[Agentia National de Securitate]] * [[Feudalismo]] * [[Martin Van Buren]] * [[John Tyler]] * [[Delcygate]] * [[Zachary Taylor]] * [[Millard Fillmore]] * [[Franklin Pierce]] * [[James A. Garfield]] * [[Chester A. Arthur]] * [[William Howard Taft]] * [[Herbert Hoover]] * [[Ceuta]] * [[Stricto de Gibraltar]] * [[Melilla]] * [[Mustela frenata]] * [[Pression arterial]] * [[Invictus (film de 2009)]] * [[Tadorna ferruginea]] * [[Alcedo atthis]] * [[Lutra de pelle lisie]] * [[Mata Atlantica]] [[af:Gebruiker:Interlingvisto]] [[io:Uzanto:Interlingvisto]] 7ltxf7notnrplrzgn2wkuo0b8acw2oe 0 61182 699952 699526 2026-09-13T01:55:49Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699952 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Jaime Roldós Aguilera''' ([[Guayaquil]], 5 de novembre 1940-Cerro Huayrapungo, [[Cantón Celica|Celica]], 24 de maio 1981) esseva un [[avocato]] e [[politico]] [[Ecuador|ecuadorian]]. Il exerceva como [[presidente de Ecuador]] ab le 10 de augusto 1979 usque a su morte, le 24 de maio 1981. Il dirigeva le processo de retorno al systema democratic in Ecuador, post quasi un decennio de dictaturas civil e militar. Durante su brillante periodo studential, il se formava como dirigente, essente al testa de organisationes studential. In 1967, il ja entrava in le parlamento, essente deputato usque in 1970. In le electiones de 1978, il deberea esser candidate al [[alcaldia de Guayaquil]] per le [[Concentration de Fortias Popular]] (CFP); ma, ante le impedimento del leader del CFP, su oncle per matrimonio [[Assad Bucaram]], de candidatar se al presideantia, il esseva candidate in su loco. In le prime turno, il obteneva le prime loco, passante al secunde turno, le qual esseva retardate per nove menses per le dictatura, pro impedir su victoria. Nonobstante, Roldós esseva electe con 68,49 % del votos, le plus alte percentage obtenite in un secunde turno in le historia national. Il assumeva le poter in augusto 1979. Il governava sub un blocage parlamentar; nonobstante, il succedeva a realisar alcun importante obras de infrastructura e certe reformas economic. Inter januario e februario 1981, il debeva affrontar un nove conflicto frontalier con Peru, le [[Conflicto del Falso Paquisha|conflicto de Paquisha]]. Il gaudeva de grande sympathia pro su alte qualitates human, moral, social e civic, assi como pro su alte preparation academic. Roldós moriva durante su mandato, le 24 de maio 1981, in un mysteriose accidente aerian. Un grande parte del opinion public considera su morte como un [[magnicidio]], le principal suspectos essente le alte commandamento militar e le governamento statounitese.<ref name="dup-0-13">http://www.eluniverso.com/2011/05/24/1/1355/treinta-anos-sin-respuesta-sobre-muerte-jaime-roldos.html</ref><ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.elcomercio.com/politica/Familiares-Jaime-Roldos-explicacion-muerte_0_486551401.html |título=Copia archivada |fechaacceso=23 de julio de 2011 |fechaarchivo=18 de febrero de 2014 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218223916/http://www.elcomercio.com/politica/Familiares-Jaime-Roldos-explicacion-muerte_0_486551401.html |deadurl=yes |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-26 |archivedate=2014-02-18 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218223916/http://www.elcomercio.com/politica/Familiares-Jaime-Roldos-explicacion-muerte_0_486551401.html }}</ref> Il esseva al poter durante solmente un anno, nove menses e quattuordeci dies; e, nonobstante su breve tempore in le cargo, il es considerate como un del melior presidentes in le historia de Ecuador.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://confirmado.net/2021/05/13/segun-encuesta-lenin-moreno-es-considerado-por-los-ecuatorianos-como-el-peor-presidente-de-la-historia/ |accessdate=2026-08-26 |archivedate=2025-11-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251114175248/https://confirmado.net/2021/05/13/segun-encuesta-lenin-moreno-es-considerado-por-los-ecuatorianos-como-el-peor-presidente-de-la-historia/ }}</ref> == Biographia == Nascite in Guayaquil le 5 de novembre 1940, provincia de Guayas, tertie de tres fratres. Il pertineva a un del ramos ecuatorian del familia Roldós<ref>[http://www.ecuadorprofundo.com/tomos/tomo3/l24.htm] Vider le articulo “Los Roldós eran marinos” in le [[Diccionario biográfico del Ecuador]] de R. Pérez Pimentel</ref> de origine [[Catalanes|catalan]], radicate in [[Vilasar de Mar|Vilassar de Mar]] (Catalonia) desde seculos. Nepote del vilasaran Jaime Roldós Baleta (1861-1927)<ref> Vider le biographia de [[Jaime Roldós Baleta]] in le libro “El Vilassar dels indians”, Pagès editors, 2012 </ref>, qui arrivava al porto de Guayaquil in le anno 1875 e se establi definitivamente in Ecuador. Il faceva su studios secundari in le [[Colegio National Vicente Rocafuerte]] de Guayaquil, ubi il recipeva le Grande Premio "Vicente Rocafuerte" e le distinction de melior studente del Collegio Vicentino. Ja tunc il pronunciava discursos e dirigeva classes studential, essente eligite presidente del [[Federation de Studentes Secundari del Ecuador|Federation de Studentes Secundari]]. Postea il se inscribeva in le studio de Jurisprudentia e Scientias Social in le [[Universitate de Guayaquil]], ubi il esseva eligite presidente del [[Federación de Estudiantes Universitarios del Ecuador|Federation de Studentes Universitari]]. Durante tote le annos de studio, su nomine esseva considerate pro le premio "La Filantrópica", assi como pro le Premio Contenta. In su facultate anque, il recipeva cata anno le premios attribuite al melior studentes. Su oratoria habeva antecedentes. Su prime discursos non esseva politic, sed concernente reginas. Le timbre de su voce le permitteva visitar collegios feminine e participar in galas de beltate. Al comando del Federation de Studentes Secundari (FESE) in le Collegio Vicente Rocafuerte, il fortificava su participation in mitings e disveloppava le charisma que postea le esserea necessari, quando, un vice in le Universitate de Guayaquil, il deveniva presidente del [[Federation de Studentes Universitari de Ecuador|Federation de Studentes Universitari]] (FEUE). A 38 annos de etate, il ja esseva installate in Carondelet. Durante le secunde anno de su mandato, le avion in le qual il viagiava, secundo suspiciones, esseva manipulate e se accidentava in le colle de Huayrapungo (Loja), a 3500 metros super le nivello del mar. Il moriva ibi con su sposa e le comitiva que le accompagnava le 24 de maio 1981. Le 11 de octobre 1979, Roldós poneva in execution le decreto que reduceva a 40 horas le jornada de labor septimanal. Le 1 de novembre 1979, le decreto que duplicava le salario minimo vital del laboratores esseva approbate, elevante lo a 4 000 sucres mensual (US$ 160 al taxa de cambio vigente a ille tempore). Le presidente combatteva le Congresso desde le prime die, denominante "Patriarchas del Componenda" le leaders del opposition in le organo legislative: León Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra, Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy, Otto Arosemena, Jaime Hurtado e Assad Bucaram. Le 8 de martio 1980, il poneva in vigor le Plan National de Disveloppamento. Le 15 de april 1980, un junta de notabiles del pais esseva constituite pro cercar un solution al conflicto inter le poter executive e le Congresso National. Roldós fundava le partido Pueblo, Cambio y Democracia pro contrabalançar le opposition del CFP, sin unquam disaffiliar se de iste partido. Le anno 1981 il annunciava como "le anno del progresso". A fin de januario e initio de februario 1981, il habeva un confrontation bellic con Peru in le Cordillera del Cóndor. Le affrontamentos occurreva in le zonas de Paquisha, Mayaycu e Machinaza. Roldós, con habilitate e diplomatia in le medio del crise tense, portava le problema territorial ante le OEA, ubi remaneva le evidentia que le problema existeva, nonobstante le negationes de Peru. Le intervention de su ministro del relationes exterior, Alfonso Barrera Valverde, se distingueva particularmente. Un del plus feroce adversarios de Roldós esseva le deputato social-cristian de ille tempore, Febres Cordero, qui denunciava un famose affaire in le caso cognoscite como le "pupas de pannol", durante un processo politic contra le ministro del obras public. Le opposition de Febres Cordero a Roldós e postea a Hurtado esseva le principal trampolin de su carriera politic, que le conduceva al presideantia in 1984. In le obras physic e social, Roldós construeva plure importante pontes, como illo de El Juncal, al limite inter le provincias de Imbabura e Carchi. Il promoveva le Plan National de Disveloppamento e le programma de Desjuno Escolar, pro le infantes del sectores le plus povre. Le contribution le plus significative de Jaime Roldós esseva su politica international in materia de Derectos Human, in un epocha quando le majoritate del paises latinoamerican esseva governate per dictaturas militar, como le regime de Pinochet in Chile e, antea, in Ecuador. Post le election de Ronald Reagan como presidente del Statos Unite de America le 4 de novembre 1980, iste sectores conservator habeva le opportunitate de manifestar lor opposition, de que derivava un conflicto subterran. In januario 1981, Roldós declinava le invitation a assister al inauguration de Reagan a causa de su discrepantias in materia de Derectos Human e fortiava su ligamines con le governamento sandinista de Nicaragua e con le Fronte Democratic de El Salvador, que se opponeva al regime militar in ille pais. Su motto esseva sempre le pais ante tote le cosas. == Vita politic == [[File:Votos Presidente por Provincia Ecuador segunda vuelta 1979.svg|right|thumb|Resultatos del electiones presidential de Ecuador de 1979 in secunde torno per [[Provincias de Ecuador|provincias]]. Jaime Roldós, candidato del Concentration de Fortias Popular (color nigre), e [[Sixto Durán-Ballén]], del Fronte National Constitutionista (color jalne).]] Roldós esseva deputado inter 1967 e 1970. Il faceva parte del Commission convocate per le dictatura militar inter 1978 e 1979 pro reformar le Constitution de 1945. Post le promulgation del [[Constitution de Ecuador de 1979|constitution de 1978]], ille esseva candidate per le [[Concentration de Fortias Popular|CFP]] al magistratura municipal de [[Guayaquil]] e pro presidente, su oncle per matrimonio [[Assad Bucaram]]. Vidente in le sondages le grande possibilitate de victoria de Bucaram, le dictatura includeva in le Lege de Electiones un articulo "ad hoc" in le qual il esseva prohibite a Bucaram de candidatar se al presidentia, igualmente como a [[José María Velasco Ibarra]] e [[Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy]]. Ante isto, Roldós esseva candidate al presidentia, con le motto "Roldós presidente, Bucaram al poder". Il esseva eligite in le [[Electiones presidential de Ecuador de 1979]] per le CFP. Il vinceva in le secunde torno electoral contra le socialcristiano [[Sixto Durán Ballén]], de tendentia conservator, in un secunde torno electoral controverse, habente loco 6 menses post le prime torno, in un tentativa del dictatura de obtener le victoria de Durán Ballén. == Presidente del Ecuador == Le 11 de octobre 1979 Roldós pone in vigor le decreto que reduce a 40 horas le jornada del labor in le septimana. Le 1 de novembre 1979 se approba le decreto que duplicava le salario minimal vital del laboratores, a 4.000 sucres per mense (US$ 160 al cambio vigente a ille data). Le presidente combatteva le Congresso desde le prime die, appellante «Patriarcas de le Componenda» le leaders del opposition in le legislativo: [[León Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra]], [[Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy]], [[Otto Arosemena]], [[Jaime Hurtado]] e [[Assad Bucaram]]. Le 8 de martio 1980 ille pone in vigor le Plan National de Disveloppamento. Le 15 de april 1980 se formava un junta de notabiles del pais pro cercar un solution al conflicto de poteres con le Congresso National. Roldós fundava le partito Pueblo, Cambio e Democratia pro contracarar le opposition del CFP, sin unquam desaffiliate se de iste partito. In 1979 ille restaurava le relationes con Cuba, tamen illos se tensionava a causa del [[Asalto al ambasciata de Ecuador in Cuba]] in 1981; mesmo assi, ille non arrivava a rumper le relationes con Cuba.<ref>{{Cita web|url=https://www.lanacion.com.ar/el-mundo/crisis-entre-mexico-y-ecuador-el-dia-que-fidel-castro-ordeno-la-incursion-a-una-embajada-en-la-nid06042024/|título=Crisis entre México y Ecuador: el día que Fidel Castro ordenó la incursión a una embajada en La Habana|fechaacceso=2025-04-13|fecha=2024-04-06|sitioweb=LA NACION|idioma=es}}</ref> Le anno 1981 ille annunciava como «le anno del progresso». A fin de januario e initio de februario 1981, occurreva le [[Conflict de Fals Paquisha|conflict de Paquisha]] con Peru, in le Cordillera del Condor. Le affrontamentos occurreva in le zonas de Paquisha, Mayaycu e Machinaza. Roldós, con habilitate e diplomatia in le medio del crise tense, portava le problema territorial al OEA, ubi remaneva le evidentia que le problema existeva, nonobstante le negationes de Peru. Se distingueva le intervention de su ministro de affaires externe [[Alfonso Barrera Valverde]]. Un de su plus feroces oppositores esseva le alora deputato social-christian Febres Cordero, qui denunciava un celebre affaire de corruption in le caso cognoscite como le «pupas de pannos», durante un processo politic contra le ministro del obras public. Le opposition de Febres Cordero a Roldós e postea a Hurtado esseva le principal trampolin in su carriera politic, que le conduceva al Presiden­cia in 1984. In le obra physic e social, Roldós construeva plure importante pontes, como le de El Juncal, al limite inter le provincias de Imbabura e Carchi. Ille promoveva le Plan National de Disveloppamento e le programma de Desjeuner Scolastic, pro le infantes del sectores le plus paupere. Le contribution le plus significative de Jaime Roldós esseva su politica international in materia de Derectos Human in un epocha in le qual le majoritate del paises latino-american esseva governate per dictaturas militar como celle de [[Augusto Pinochet]] in Chile e anteriormente in Ecuador. A partir del election de [[Ronald Reagan]] como presidente del Statos Unite de America le 4 de novembre 1980, iste sectores conservator habeva le occasion de manifestar lor opposition, del qual resultava un pugna subterran. In januario 1981, Roldós declinava le invitation a assister al inauguration de Reagan a causa de su discrepantias in materia de Derectos Human e fortificava le ligamines con le [[Revolution Sandinista|governo sandinista]] de Nicaragua e con le [[Front Democratic Revolutionari]] de El Salvador, que se opponeva al regime militar in ille pais. Su lema esseva sempre le pais super tote le cosas. === Carta de Conducta de Riobamba o Doctrina Roldós === {{AP|Doctrina Roldós}} Sub le mandato de Roldós, Ecuador proponeva ante le [[Pacto Andino]], un doctrina de respecto del derectos human que veniva a concretisar se in le Carta de Conducta de Riobamba signate le 11 de septembre 1980.<ref>Carta de Conducta de Riobamba (synthese)</ref> == Morte e funerale de Stato == Le postmeridie del dominica 24 de maio 1981, le avion del [[Fortia Aeree Ecuadorian]] (FAE) que transportava le presidente Jaime Roldós Aguilera, un [[Beechcraft King Air]] (FAE 001A) que habeva essite acquirite recentemente pro servir como avion presidencial, collidiva con le monte Huayrapungo ("Porta del Ventos", in [[Lingua quichua|quichua]]), in le [[Provincia de Loja|provincia de Loja]]. In addition al presidente, moriva tote le altere passageros del aeronave: su sposa [[Martha Bucaram]]; le ministro del Defensa Marco Subía Martínez, e su sposa Irlanda Sarango; le tenentes-colonellos Héctor Torres e Armando Navarrete; le pilota e aide-de-camp del presidente, tenente-colonello Marco Andrade; le copilota tenente Galo Romo e le stewardessa Soledad Rosero. Le aeronave habeva partite de Quito poco post un ceremonia civic-militar al [[Stadio Olimpic Atahualpa]], ubi le combatentes del [[Conflict de Falso Paquisha|Guerra de Paquisha]] esseva decorate. Su destination esseva le localitate frontalier de [[Macará]], ubi le presidente deberea prender un helicoptero que le transportarea al proxime village de Zapotillo, ubi ille habeva planate participar in un altere ceremonia. Ille deberea retornar a Quito le mesme vespere, pro le session solemne del [[Consilio Provincial de Pichincha]]. Pauc minutas ante le atterrage, e durante le trajectoria de descense verso le pista de Macará, del qual illo ancora esseva distante circa 60 kilometros, le parve avion presidencial collidiva con un grande rocca sur le cresta del monte Huayrapungo, que illo habeva superate de pauc metros. Quando le aeronave non arrivava e le contacto con illo se perdeva, le helicoptero que attendeva in Macará le presidente decollava pro cercar le aeronave, trovante le restos del avion sur le pendio de Huayrapungo. Del vicin [[Cantón Celica|cantón de Celica]], distante 10 kilometros del loco del impacto, tropas del [[Exercito de Ecuador|Exercito]] e del [[Policia National del Ecuador|policia]] ascendeva le montania pro recuperar le restos del presidente e de su comitiva. De Celica, le restos del mandatario e de su comitiva esseva transportate a [[Machala]], ubi un avion C-130 del Fortia Aeree attendeva pro transportar los a Quito. Roldós esseva recognoscite per le cravate rubie que ille portava ille die. Le autopsia confirmava que le presidente moriva instantaneemente per politraumatismos causate per le impacto. Habitantes del zona indicava in 2006 al canal lojano Ecotel que le restos del presidente e de su sposa esseva le sol recognoscibile al loco del tragedia. Le exalcalde de [[Loja (Ecuador)|Loja]], [[José Bolívar Castillo]], declarava que le accidente "habeva respectate le cadavere del presidente".<ref>{{Obra citada|título=TESTIMONIOS MUERTE DE JAIME ROLDOS|apellidos=nilo valarezo|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J04Q0jFAyXs|fechaacceso=2026-07-02|fecha=2011-05-24}}</ref> Appena confirmate le morte de Roldós, assumeva le poter, per decreto executive, su vice-presidente, Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea, qui se adressava al Nation in un transmission televisate.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130909022649/http://www.elcomercio.com/politica/Portada-COMERCIO-despues-Jaime-Roldos_ECMFIL20120524_0002.pdf</ref> In le capital habeva loco un funerale de Stato, al [[Palatio de Carondelet]] e in le [[Catedral Metropolitana de Quito|Catedral Metropolitana]]. Milles de quitenses sortiva al stratas pro exprimer lor dolor pro le morte inattendite e tragic del presidente. Participava como invitatos special alcun presidentes latino-american, como [[Rodrigo Carazo Odio]] de [[Costa Rica]], [[Arístides Royo|Arístides Royo Sánchez]] de [[Panama]], [[Luis Herrera Campins|Luis Herrera Campíns]] de [[Venezuela]], [[Fernando Belaúnde Terry]] del [[Peru]] e [[Julio César Turbay|Julio César Turbay Ayala]] de [[Colombia]]. Post le ceremonias in Quito, le restos del presidente e de su sposa esseva transportate a Guayaquil, ubi habeva loco un missa de requiem in le [[Catedral de Guayaquil|Catedral]]. Le cortege funerari in Guayaquil esseva etiam multitudinari. [[File:Tumba de Jaime Roldós Aguilera y su esposa.JPG|thumb|Tumba del ex-presidente de Ecuador, Jaime Roldós Aguilera, e de su sposa, Martha Bucaram, in le [[Cimiterio General de Guayaquil]].|270px]] Roldós e su sposa esseva inhumate in le [[Cimiterio General de Guayaquil|Cimiterio General]] de iste citate. Duo cruces de marmore blanc, al Porta 14 del cimiterio, marca lor tumbas.<ref>{{Enlace roto|1=http://ediciones.expreso.ec/ediciones/2011/05/25/nacional/actualidad/familia-roldos-cumple-30-anos-de-dolor-y-duda// |2=http://ediciones.expreso.ec/ediciones/2011/05/25/nacional/actualidad/familia-roldos-cumple-30-anos-de-dolor-y-duda// |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> Desde le Papa [[Juan Paulo II]] usque al governantes del continente e de tote le mundo esseva inviate lor notas de condolentia pro iste fatal evento. Su ultime discurso esseva pronunciate pauc horas ante su morte, durante le ceremonia del [[Stadio Olimpic Atahualpa|Estadio Olímpico]], e ille recipeva ululationes del publico presente, a causa de mesuras economic que ille habeva prendite le septimana precedente:<ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEPcwuO4j_0 |título=Programa La Televisión - Historia Presidencial del Ecuador |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-03-29}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor=|año=2007 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OLCKpzs7hGw |título=Ecuavisa 40 años - Reportaje Especial de Televistazo sobre los 40 años de la Política Ecuatoriana y el Salto a la Democracia |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-03-29}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTiXod2_Vv8 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111205093533/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTiXod2_Vv8 |fechaarchivo=5 de diciembre de 2011 |título=Ecuavisa 40 años - José Mª Velasco Ibarra y Jaime Roldós Aguilera |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-03-29 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giW3Gyn2ltk |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216141252/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=giW3Gyn2ltk |fechaarchivo=16 de diciembre de 2011 |título=Ecuador TV - Los Reporteros: Perú y Ecuador 11 años de paz parte 1 de 2 |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-04-28 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2009 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCnfYVo-4Mc |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216151801/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCnfYVo-4Mc |fechaarchivo=16 de diciembre de 2011 |título=2- Jaime Roldos |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-09-04 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2010 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgZRy8Yn5Ms |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216160533/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgZRy8Yn5Ms |fechaarchivo=16 de diciembre de 2011 |título=CRÓNICA DE LA MUERTE DE JAIME ROLDÓS AGUILERA |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-03-29 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2009 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=205w7Ah_n-A |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216144549/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=205w7Ah_n-A |fechaarchivo=16 de diciembre de 2011 |título=Documental Alfaro Vive Carajo Del Sueño al Caos Parte 1 |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-03-29 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LPO9fLodM9g |título=Excelente documental "25 años de Democracia en el Ecuador" (Odysea Producciones Culturales, Teleamazonas y Ecuavisa Con el apoyo académico de la UNESCO, Université de Paris 8 (Francia), Centre de Recherche et Documentation sur l'Amérique Latine (CREDAL) (Francia) y Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Arts de Paris-Cergy (Francia), 2004) |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-09-04}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkzm0An5nNE |título=Perfil de Jaime Roldós en La TV |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-09-04}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJPNff4f_I8 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216144211/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJPNff4f_I8 |fechaarchivo=16 de diciembre de 2011 |título=Jaime Roldós Aguilera |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-09-04 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor=tvecuador.com |año=2005 |url=http://www.tvecuador.com/index.php?option=com_reportajes&id=31&view=showcanal&Itemid=27 |título=Política en el Ecuador |editor=Programa La Televisión |fechaacceso=2011-03-29 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619162818/http://tvecuador.com/index.php?option=com_reportajes&view=showcanal&id=31&Itemid=27 |fechaarchivo=2013-06-19 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-26 |archivedate=2013-06-19 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130619162818/http://tvecuador.com/index.php?option=com_reportajes&view=showcanal&id=31&Itemid=27 }}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor=explored.com.ec |año=2001 |url=http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/desde-siempre-y-hasta-siempre-121141-121141.html |título=DESDE SIEMPRE Y HASTA SIEMPRE |editor=Explored |fechaacceso=2011-03-29 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721055802/http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/desde-siempre-y-hasta-siempre-121141-121141.html |fechaarchivo=2010-07-21 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-26 |archivedate=2010-07-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721055802/http://www.explored.com.ec/noticias-ecuador/desde-siempre-y-hasta-siempre-121141-121141.html }}</ref><ref>{{enlace roto|1={{Cita web |autor=iaen.edu.ec |año=2010 |url=http://repositorio.iaen.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/362/1/IAEN-054-2005.pdf |título=PRESIDENCIA DEL AB. JAIME ROLDÓS AGUILERA 10 DE AGOSTO DE 1979 - 24 DE MAYO DE 1981 |editor=Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales |fechaacceso=2011-03-29}} |2=http://repositorio.iaen.edu.ec/bitstream/123456789/362/1/IAEN-054-2005.pdf |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor=ecuavisa.com |año=2011 |url=http://www.ecuavisa.com/noticias-nacionales/36919-hoy-se-cumplen-tres-decadas-de-la-muerte-del-expresidente-jaime-roldos-aguilera.html |título=Ecuavisa - Hoy se cumplen tres décadas de la trágica muerte del expresidente Jaime Roldós Aguilera |editor=[[Ecuavisa]] |fechaacceso=2011-07-09 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628035526/http://www.ecuavisa.com/noticias-nacionales/36919-hoy-se-cumplen-tres-decadas-de-la-tragica-muerte-del-expresidente-jaime-roldos-aguilera.html |fechaarchivo=2011-06-28 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-26 |archivedate=2011-06-28 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628035526/http://www.ecuavisa.com/noticias-nacionales/36919-hoy-se-cumplen-tres-decadas-de-la-muerte-del-expresidente-jaime-roldos-aguilera.html }}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor=teleamazonas.com |año=2011 |url=http://www.teleamazonas.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11685:treinta-anos-de-la-muerte-del-ex-presidente-jaime-roldos-aguilera&catid=50:noticias-nacionales&Itemid=88 |título=Teleamazonas - Treinta años de la muerte del expresidente Jaime Roldós Aguilera |editor=Teleamazonas |fechaacceso=2011-07-09 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-26 |archivedate=2016-03-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307015226/http://teleamazonas.com/index.php?catid=50:noticias-nacionales&id=11685:treinta-anos-de-la-muerte-del-ex-presidente-jaime-roldos-aguilera&itemid=88&option=com_content&view=article }}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yh8nZRoquc |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216160748/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Yh8nZRoquc |fechaarchivo=16 de diciembre de 2011 |título=Aniversario de la muerte de Roldós |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-07-09 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5CS5PkQvB8 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20111216161803/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C5CS5PkQvB8 |fechaarchivo=16 de diciembre de 2011 |título=Discursos de Roldós |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-07-09 |deadurl= }}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor= |año=2011 |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c52dM7bBaQU&feature=channel_video_title |título=Treinta años de la muerte del expresidente Jaime Roldós Aguilera |editor=Youtube |fechaacceso=2011-07-09}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cita web |autor=tvecuador.com |año=2011 |url=http://www.tvecuador.com/index.php?option=com_reportajes&view=showcanal&id=1699&Itemid=27 |título=30 años de la Muerte de Jaime Roldós Aguilera |editor=Programa La Televisión |fechaacceso=2011-07-09 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105003312/http://www.tvecuador.com/index.php?option=com_reportajes&view=showcanal&id=1699&Itemid=27 |fechaarchivo=2013-11-05 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-26 |archivedate=2013-11-05 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105003312/http://www.tvecuador.com/index.php?option=com_reportajes&view=showcanal&id=1699&Itemid=27 }}</ref> {{cita|"Nos ha progressate 21 menses, sub un governamento constitutional, quando isto significa in paises como le nostre, in le qual ganiar le stabilitate democratic implica conquistar lo die post die. Ecuadorianos, nos esseva seriose e honeste. Nos continua esser seriose e honeste in tote e cata un de nostre propositiones. Que non sia le parolas ma le obras, le melior testimonio de nostre intentiones. Es le hora del labor, del effortio e del solidaritate, non del paros, strikes, menacias, incomprehension o rumores. Proba le amor al Patria, complente cata uno su deber. Nostre grande passion es e debe esser le Ecuador. Nostre grande passion, ascolta me; es e debe esser le Ecuador. Iste Ecuador que nos non vole inbricate in lo insignificante, ma in le valiente, luctator, infatigabile, forjante un destino de grandor. Le Ecuador heroic que triumphava in Pichincha, le Ecuador del valientes de hodie, heroic luctatores de Paquisha, Machinaza e Mayaicu, immolate in iste legendari trenchas. Le Ecuador heroic del Cordillera del Cóndor. Le Ecuador eterne, unite in le defensa de su hereditate territorial. Le Ecuador democratic, capace de dar lectiones historic de humanismo, labor e libertate. Iste Ecuador Amazonic, ab sempre e usque sempre. Viva le Patria!". |Jaime Roldós Aguilera in le [[Stadio Olimpic Atahualpa|Estadio Olímpico Atahualpa]]}} == Investigation official super le morte de Jaime Roldós: Le antecedente == Le Junta Investigatori de Accidentes (QTI) del Fortia Aeree Ecuadorian attribueva le responsabilitate a un error del pilota, submittite a un carga de travalio excessive. Le pilota del avion esseva etiam le aide-de-camp del presidente, e habeva essite tote le matino del fatal die in pede durante le ceremonia al Stadio Olimpic. Secundo le FAE, ille descendite troppo tosto in su approximation a Macará e prendeva un ruta periculose pro evitar entrar in le spatio aeree peruvian, a causa del relationes tense del Ecuador con ille pais. Le commission parlamentar que se formava menses plus tarde ante le insistenti de sectores politic affin al presidente e de familiares del victimas, revelava contradictiones e inconsistencias in le reporto del JIA, ma non poteva arrivar a conclusiones definitive. Iste commission esseva dirigite per le ex-presidente Otto Arosemena Gómez. Durante le investigation, le commission demandava un peritia al departamento de investigation de accidentes de aviation del policia de Zurich que, in 1982, establiva que le motores del nave habeva essite inactive quando le apparato impactava le montania. Iste peritia, que contradiceva le reporto del Fortia Aeree, non meriteva ulle investigation ulterior per parte del Governo o del fiscalia Ecuadorian; altere peritias technic non esseva possibile proque iste aeronave habeva essite acquirite per le Fortia Aeree pro le mission specific de «avion presidencial» con matricula militar, proque illo non habeva un registrator de parametros de volo ni un registrator de voce del cabina, cognoscite como «cassa nigre». == Theorias de conspiration == Le version official acceptate per le Governo del Ecuador es celle de un accidente de aviation. Le familia e sectores del sinistra sustene le theoria que esseva un attentate executate per le Statos Unite o Argentina. Pro le filios del parella presidential, Martha e Santiago Roldós Bucaram, le circumstantias e le causas del accidente non ha essite clarificate definitivemente. Altere, como le ex-presidente Hurtado Larrea, affirma usque hodie que illo esseva un accidente.<ref>{{Enlace roto|1=http://radioprimavera.com.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1402:osvaldo-hurtado-la-muerte-de-jaime-roldos-aguilera-fue-un-accidente&catid=31:primavera-noticias&Itemid=27 |2=http://radioprimavera.com.ec/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1402:osvaldo-hurtado-la-muerte-de-jaime-roldos-aguilera-fue-un-accidente&catid=31:primavera-noticias&Itemid=27 |bot=InternetArchiveBot }}</ref> === Theoria del attentate === Le activista american [[John Perkins (escritor)|John Perkins]], in su libro ''Confessions of an Economic Hit Man'' (''[[Confessiones de un sicario economic]]'', 2004), se adjungeva al version que Roldós haberea essite assassinate, proque su plano pro reorganisar le sector del hydrocarburos haberea menaciate le interesses del Statos Unite. Iste version, tamen, esseva presente ja desde le initio mesme del investigationes, e ha essite publicate in altere libros e documentos. Iste version relaciona le tragedia con le morte in ille mesme anno del general peruvian [[Rafael Hoyos Rubio]], qui commandava le Fortias Armate Peruvian in le [[Conflict de Fals Paquisha]] inter Peru e Ecuador al initio de ille mesme anno, e con celle del general [[Omar Torrijos Herrera]] de [[Panama]], in circumstantias similar e cuje action igualmente comprometteva fortemente le interesses del Statos Unite. Le journalist Ecuadorian [[Jaime Galarza Zavala]] involve le Fortias Armate e sustene que le avion presidential esseva abattite per un rocchetto lanceate per un avion militar Ecuadorian, e que le Exercito cognosceva le operation al puncto que il habeva patrulias in le sector preste a colliger le restos del avion del presidente. Il sustene que illes haberea agite sub pressiones de Israel, proque Roldós non haberea volite authorisar le compra de un lote de aviones de combate [[IAI Kfir]].<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?module=Noticias&func=news_user_view&id=150430&umt=existen_elementos_que_reafirman_tesis_de_que_jaime_roldf3s_fue_asesinado2c_dice_jaime_galarza_28audio29 |título=Copia archivada |fechaacceso=25 de julio de 2011 |fechaarchivo=5 de marzo de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305122311/http://ecuadorinmediato.com/index.php?func=news_user_view&id=150430&module=noticias&umt=existen_elementos_que_reafirman_tesis_de_que_jaime_roldf3s_fue_asesinado2c_dice_jaime_galarza_28audio29 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> No obstante, le presidente Roldós sí authorisava le compra del jets hebree, proque le contracto esseva signate le 21 de maio, tres dies ante su morte.<ref>[[Kfir]]</ref> Nonobstante, le theoria del attentate non documenta le maniera in que illo haberea essite committite, si esseva per medio de un bomba — cuje vestigios non esseva trovate — o si le avion esseva abattite. Qui defende iste these sustene que personas qui affirmava haber vidite exploder le avion in le aere e non como consequentia del impacto moriva in circumstantias mysteriose o dispareva. Illes affirma etiam que officiales del Fortia Aeree qui cognosceva detalios del volo de ille die etiam moriva in circumstantias poco clar. Generalmente, qui sustene iste theoria nunquam ha implicate oppositores o collaboratores del presidente Roldós in le supposite attentate, que illes attribue sempre a governamentos estranier, como le del Statos Unite o le dictatura militar de Argentina, in le quadro del [[Plan Condor|Operation Condor]]. == Legato historic == [[File:Coat of Arms of Jaime Roldós Aguilera (Order of Isabella the Catholic).svg|thumb|Escuto attribuite como cavallero del [[Ordine de Isabella la Catholica]].]] Post le decesso de Jaime Roldós, le Congresso National del Ecuador nominava su fratre, [[León Roldós]], como Vice-presidente del Republica, pro completar le periodo constitutional con [[Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea]], del [[Democratia Popular (Ecuador)|Democratia Popular]]. Nonobstante, León Roldós manteneva un relation difficile con Hurtado, opponente se a plure de su politicas economic, inter illos le «sucretisation» del debito externe private (per le qual le Stato assumeva le risco cambial del debito contrahite per interprenditores private). Como tributo postume, le pictor Marco Salas livrava un retrato del presidente Roldós, que esseva placiate pauc tempore post su morte in le galeria del presidentes del Salon Flave del [[Palatio de Carondelet]]. Le Municipio del Canton Celica construeva un via usque al mesme loco del tragedia, ubi in 2006 esseva annunciate le construction de un monumento commemorative.<ref>{{Cita web|url=http://www.etvtelerama.com/index.php?codigo=NozrFZv4ur|titulo=|sitioweb=ETV Telerama|fechaacceso=}}</ref> [[Abdalá Bucaram]], cognato de Jaime Roldós Aguilera, fundava le populista [[Partito Roldosista Ecuadorian]], e esseva eligite como Presidente del Ecuador. Il governava ab augusto de 1996 usque a februario de 1997, quando le Congresso National le destitueva, allegante «incapacitate mental». Su fratre León Roldós Aguilera, ex-vice-presidente (1981-1984), esseva candidato al Presidencia in 1992, 2002, e novemente in le electiones de 2006 (como candidato del alliance inter le movimento «Red Ethica e Democratia (RED)» e le partito social-democratic [[Sinistra Democratic (Ecuador)|Sinistra Democratic]]. Le filia de Jaime Roldós e Martha Bucaram, [[Martha Roldós]], esseva deputata per le mesme gruppo RED e in le anno 2009 candidata al presiden­tia del Ecuador. Le filio minor del matrimonio Roldós-Bucaram, Santiago Roldós Bucaram, es journalist e dramaturgo. [[Martha Roldós]] denunciava que le Partito Roldosista Ecuadorian (PRE) ha destruite le ideales que durante su vita su patre transmitteva e manteneva. «Es un partito que corrumpe tote le ideales que esseva illos que mi patre susteneva», secundo su declaration. Decenas de stratas, avenidas, pontes e unitates educative in varie citates trans le pais porta su nomine, inclusive le Terminal Terrestre de Guayaquil, assi como etiam le iconic «Ecuador Amazonic», de su discurso final. {{Referentias}} == Bibliographia == * [[Efrén Avilés Pino|Avilés Pino, Efrén]]: [http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/personajes-historicos/ab-jaime-roldos-aguilera/ ''Enciclopedia del Ecuador- Aguilera Ab. Jaime Roldós – Personajes históricos''. Guayaquil – Ecuador] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129232357/https://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/personajes-historicos/ab-jaime-roldos-aguilera/ |date=2023-01-29 }} {{s-start}} {{succession box |before=[[Alfredo Poveda Burbano]] | |title=Presidente del<br />[[Ecuador]] |years=[[10 de augusto]] [[1979]]—<br />[[24 de maio]] [[1981]] | |after=[[Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea]] }} {{end}} [[Categoria:Presidentes de Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Politicos]] [[Categoria:Advocatos]] [[Categoria:Grandes Magistros del Ordine de San Lorenzo]] [[Categoria:Cavalleros del collar del Ordine de Isabella la Catholica]] [[Categoria:Chefes de stato assassinate]] [[Categoria:Professores de universitates]] [[Categoria:Alumnos del Universitate de Guayaquil]] fzsfcluiyfao103jceuczclyijcsmu9 0 61215 699953 699528 2026-09-13T02:02:38Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699953 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/persona}} '''Juan José Flores y Aramburu''' ([[Puerto Cabello]], 19 de julio 1800–[[Isla Puná]], 1 de octobre 1864) esseva un [[militari]], [[politico]] e [[statista]] [[Ecuador|ecuadorian]], de origine venezuelan. Il es particularmente cognoscite como un del plus influente leaders politic de [[Ecuador]] a partir de 1830, essente su prime [[presidente]]. Il occupava le carga in tres occasiones: de 1830 a 1834; de 1839 a 1843; e de 1843 a 1845.<ref name="diccionariobiograficoecuador_1">{{Cita web |url=http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo10/f4.htm |título=Pérez Pimentel, Rodolfo: Diccionario biográfico Ecuador, tomo 10 – Juan José Flores y Aramburú |fechaacceso=31 de mayo de 2013 |fechaarchivo=4 de marzo de 2016 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201800/http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo10/f4.htm |deadurl=yes |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-08-30 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201800/http://www.diccionariobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo10/f4.htm }}</ref> Il se distingueva como strategista del armeada de [[Grande Colombia]], habente attingite le grado de coronel ante su 30e anno de etate. Un vice le independentia esseva consolidate, [[Simón Bolívar]] le designava como governator del [[Distrito del Sur]] del [[Grande Colombia]]. Quando iste district se separava de ille in 1830, illo deveniva le actual [[Republica del Ecuador]], de que Flores esseva investite como prime presidente. == Biographia == Nascite le 19 de julio 1800 in [[Puerto Cabello]], [[Capitania General de Venezuela]], [[Imperio espaniol]]. Filio de Juan José Aramburu, mercator peninsular, e su matre esseva Rita Flores, originari de Puerto Cabello. Il entrava multo juven al armea espaniol, ubi comenciava como militar, ma decideva inscriber se al fortias independentista de [[Simon Bolivar]]. A 23 annos, ille jam exerceva como colonello e governator del provincia de Pasto. In 1823 ille arrivava in Ecuador como comandante general del armea e in 1828 e 1829 participava in le defensa del [[District del Sud]] del [[Grande Colombia]], ubi ille contribueva al victoria del mariscallo [[Antonio José de Sucre]] super le tropas peruvian in le [[Battalia de Portete de Tarqui]]. In 1830, ille esseva nominate le prime [[Presidente de Ecuador]] per le Congresso Constituent de Riobamba del mesme anno. Con iste facto, le 11 de septembre 1830, le presidente Flores, insimul con le 21 deputatos constituente, deveniva un del prime personas a obtener le nationalitate ecuatorian, secundo le promulgate [[Constitution de Ecuador de 1830]]. Curiosemente, ille obteneva su nationalitate venezuelan plus tarde, proque le [[Constitution de Venezuela de 1830]] esseva promulgate 13 dies post le constitution ecuatorian. Il exerceva iste carga in tres occasiones, usque a 1845, quando ille esseva obligate a abandonar le pais post le derrota que ille suffreva in le [[Revolution marcista|Revolution del 6 de martio]]. Il retornava in 1859 e serviva in le campanias contra Peru e in le guerra civil sub le commandamento del presidente [[Gabriel García Moreno]]. === Prime governamento (1830–1834) === Un vice in le poter, Flores consolidava un alliantia politic inter le latifundismo traditional del Sierra, al qual ille se habeva ligate per matrimonio con le aristocrata e proprietaria de terras [[Otavalo|otavaleniana]] [[Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco]],<ref name="JV" /> e le proprietarios de terras de Guayaquil e le altos commandantes del armea. Le [[Dominatio florean|floreanismo]], como esseva appellate le gruppo de su partisanos, nasceva del tradition conservator del [[bolivarianismo]]. In le anno 1831, durante su governamento, esseva create le Societate Colonisatrice del Archipelago de Colon, nomine con le qual, in ille epocha, esseva cognoscite le [[Insulas Galapagos]], sub le commandamento del general [[José de Villamil]]. Le anno sequente, le 20 de januario 1832, le [[goleta]] Mercedes partiva de Guayaquil e, sub le direction del colonello Ignacio Hernández, le insulas Galapagos esseva incorporate officialmente al Ecuador. Su governamento esseva characterisate per instabilitate interne, accusationes de corruption e difficultates pro mantener le ordine public, assi como per tensiones con le fortias armate. Il habeva duo guerras con Nove Granada, in le quales Ecuador esseva vincite.<ref name=":0">{{cite book|last=Ayala|first=Enrique|title=Estudios Sociales 6|access-date=2016|year=2016|publisher=Corporación Editora Nacional|editor=Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador|location=Quito, Ecuador|pages=35–37|url=https://educacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2016/09/librostexto/Estudios_Sociales_6.pdf}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230311120153/https://educacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2016/09/librostexto/Estudios_Sociales_6.pdf |date=2023-03-11 }}</ref> In 1831 ille affrontava con successo un rebellion de [[Luis Urdaneta]] e in 1832 faceva guerra con Colombia. In 1833 ille puniva severemente plure battaliones revoltate e le ideologos appellate utilitaristas. In addition, ille debeva affrontar qui esseva su vice-presidente, Vicente Rocafuerte, con qui ille attingeva un accordo pro conducer iste ultime al presientia. Flores vinceva le fortias que se opponeva al governamento de Rocafuerte in [[Battalia de Miñarica|Miñarica]] in 1835.<ref name=":0" /> === Secunde governamento (1839–1843) === Durante su mandato transitori, Flores negotiava con Rocafuerte. Il debeva etiam reducer un insurrection in Pasto, al nord. E un epidemia de febre jalne in Guayaquil, apportate per marinarios veniente de Panama, que decimava le citate. === Tertie governamento (1843–1845) === In 1843, quando su mandato terminava, ille faceva un colpo de Stato, essente eligite presidente pro le tertie vice per un Assemblea Constituent mediante un constitution que esseva appellate “Carta de Servitude”.<ref name=":0" /> In 1845 se organisava un movimento contra ille e ille esseva expellite del poter. Esseva signate un documento denominate ''Pronunciamento Popular de Guayaquil'', e Flores partiva in exilio. Il habeva quatro gruppos disputante le governamento, e le presidente del momento, García Moreno, demandava su adjuta. Flores dirigeva un armea e vinceva le general Guillermo Franco, qui, con le supporto de Francia, se trovava in le zona portuari. Iste action esseva denominate le battalia de Guayaquil. Tres annos plus tarde, a 63 annos, ille debeva abandonar su retiro pro commandar de novo le armea e combatter contra le milicias colombian, e esseva vincite in le campos de Cuaspud. === Matrimonio === [[File:Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco y Chiriboga.jpg|thumb|[[Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco]], circa 1840.]] Flores, designate prefecto del [[Departamento de Ecuador|Departamento del Sud]], se maritava con le aristocrata e proprietaria de terras [[Otavalo|otavaleniana]] [[Mercedes Jijón de Vivanco]],<ref name="JV">{{cite book|last=Villalba|first=Jorge|title=El general Juan José Flores: fundador de la república de Ecuador|date=1994|publisher=Centro de Estudios Históricos del Ejército|location=Quito|pages=50–55 }} </ref> descendente per linea paterne del [[Comtes de Casa Jijón]], titulo que illa arrivava a disputar sin successo con su cosino Francisco Jijón.<ref name="CML">{{cite book|last=Larrea|first=Carlos Manuel|title=Antonio Flores Jijón, su vida y sus obras|date=1974|publisher=Corporación de Estudios y Publicaciones|location=Quito|page=16}}</ref> Le reception habeva loco in le salons del [[Palatio de Carondelet]], con tote le pompa; pro isto, ille habeva facite pintar 22 retratos del generales ligate al [[Independente del Ecuador]], que ille collocava originalmente in le galeria del edificio e postea transfereva a su proprietate del Quinta El Placer.<ref>{{cite book|title=Museo Jacinto Jijón y Caamaño y el patrimonio artístico|date=1978|publisher=Centro de Publicaciones de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador|location=Quito|page=56}}</ref> On dice que [[Mercedes Jijón|Mercedes]] esseva un juvena belle, de portamento distinguite, con un profunde senso de solidaritate e del familia.<ref name="RPP">{{Cita web|apellidos1=Pérez Pimentel |nombre1=Rodolfo |título=Jijón Vivanco Mercedes |url=http://www.archivobiograficoecuador.com/tomos/tomo1/Jij%C3%B3n-Vivanco-Mercedes.htm |obra=Archivo biográfico del Ecuador (tomo 1)|fechaacceso=15 de abril de 2015}}</ref> Le mesme [[Simon Bolivar]] parlava de Mercedes in iste terminos, post haber la cognoscite le 12 de april 1829: «''io non sape si illa es plus discrete que belle, o plus belle que discrete''».<ref name="LQ">{{cite book |last=Jurado Noboa |first=Fernando |author-link=Fernando Jurado Noboa |title=Las quiteñas |date=1995 |publisher=Dinediciones |location=Quito }} </ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Pardo de Guevara y Valdés |first=Eduardo |title=Actas de la XI Reunión Americana de Genealogía |date=2005 |publisher=Editorial CSIC-Press |location=Santiago de Compostela |page=426 |url=https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=lyH-3P31Qs0C&pg=PA426&lpg=PA426&dq=%22Mercedes+Jij%C3%B3n%22&source=bl&ots=RXiwDRi84L&sig=uLoRKSbRqwFz40hvXsFvAG6MiKw&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=jZ8uVcWGCa7jsATPj4DgDQ&ved=0CE4Q6AEwCTgU#v=onepage&q=%22Mercedes%20Jij%C3%B3n%22&f=false |access-date=2015-04-15 }} </ref> Le 11 de julio 1829, Flores e su sposa esseva le padrinos del baptismo de Teresa de Sucre y Carcelén de Guevara, le unic filia del mariscallo [[Antonio José de Sucre]] e [[Mariana Carcelén|Mariana Carcelén de Guevara]], iste ultime, secunde cosina de Mercedes.<ref>{{cite book|last=Flores Caamaño|first=Alfredo|title=El verdadero testamento del Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho|date=1926|publisher=Universidad Central del Ecuador|location=Quito|page=65|url=http://repositorio.casadelacultura.gob.ec:8280/bitstream/34000/943/1/FR1-L-000265-Flores-Verdadero.pdf|access-date=2016-02-14}}</ref> === Descendentia === Le matrimonio habeva tresdece filios, octo feminas e cinque viros, qui les daría circa 35 nepotes:<ref name=MAD>{{cita web|apellidos1=Alvarado Dávila|nombre1=Mauricio|título=Mercedes Jijón|obra=Los Orígenes de los Ecuatorianos|idioma=español|fechaacceso=4 de septiembre de 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cita publicación|título=Heráldica, historia y genealogía|publicación=Revista Semana Ecuador|fecha=2 de octubre de 2016|página=30|url=https://www.pressreader.com/ecuador/semana-ecuador/20161002/page/30|fechaacceso=15 de julio de 2019}}</ref> *Elvira Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] in 1826. Maritate in 1844 con Eusebio Isaza y Muñoz, con qui illa habeva cinque filios: **Elvira Isaza Flores (1845) **Mercedes Isaza Flores (1847) **José Antonio Isaza Flores (1849–1892) **Miguel Isaza Flores (1850) **María Isaza Flores (1852) *Mercedes Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] le 16 de septembre 1828. Maritate le 14 de decembre 1850 con Antonio Fernández Salvador y Gangotena. Sin descendentes. *Juan José Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Babahoyo]] in 1831 e morte in [[Montreaux]] le 10 de septembre 1891. Maritate con Ángela Icaza y Aguirre-Abad. Sin descendentes. *José Federico Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] le 22 de april 1832 e morte in [[Paris]] le 27 de octobre 1879. Maritate con Mercedes Arteta y Arteta. *[[Antonio Flores Jijón]], nascite in [[Quito]] le 23 de octobre 1833 e morte in [[Geneva]] le 30 de augusto 1915. Maritate con [[Leonor Ruiz de Apodaca]], con qui ille habeva duo filias: **Leonor Flores y Ruiz de Apodaca (1874) **Elvira Flores y Ruiz de Apodaca (1876), marchesa consorte de Villebrune *Virginia Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Babahoyo]] in 1835. Maritate circa 1865 con Pedro Pablo García Moreno, con qui illa habeva duo filios: **Rodolfo García-Moreno y Flores **Ana Luisa García-Moreno y Flores *Victoria Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Guayaquil]] in septembre 1838. Maritate le 23 de junio 1865 con Narciso Isaza Muñoz, fratre de su cognato, con qui illa habeva tres filios: **Juan José Isaza Flores (1866–1925) **Carlota Isaza Flores **Mercedes Isaza Flores *Timoléon Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] in 1839 e morte in 1899. Maritate le 26 de octobre 1862 con María Mercedes Chiriboga y Fernández-Salvador, con qui ille habeva septe filios: **Lucía Flores Chiriboga (1884) **Raimundo Flores Chiriboga (1886–1967) **Antonio Flores Chiriboga (1888) **Fanny Flores Chiriboga (1890) **Mercedes Flores Chiriboga (1892) **Timoleón Flores Chiriboga (1896–1936) **Amalia Flores Chiriboga (1898) *[[Reinaldo Flores Jijón]], nascite in [[Quito]] in 1840 e morte in 1904. Maritate con Ana Caamaño y Gómez-Cornejo, con qui ille habeva octo filios: **Reinaldo Flores Caamaño **Luis Alberto Flores Caamaño **Juan José Flores Caamaño **Rosa Laura Flores Caamaño **Ana María Flores Caamaño **Alfredo Flores Caamaño **María Luisa Flores Caamaño **Víctor Flores Caamaño *Amalia Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] in 1841. Maritate con Leonardo Charles Stagg, con qui illa habeva quatro filios: **Leonardo Stagg Flores **Carlos Stagg Flores **Enrique Stagg Flores **Evelina Stagg Flores *Matilde Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] le 24 de septembre 1842 e morte le 7 de augusto 1921. Maritate le 1 de januario 1869 con Federico Hurtado y Brizón, con qui illa habeva tres filios: **Isabel María Hurtado Flores **Rosa Matilde Hurtado Flores **Sara Hurtado Flores *Josefina Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] in 1844. Maritate con Felipe Barriga y Carcelén de Guevara, filio de [[Mariana Carcelén]], con qui illa habeva un filio qui non attingeva le etate adulte: **Felipe Barriga Flores *Isabel Flores Jijón, nascite in [[Quito]] in 1845. Maritate con Fernando de García-Moreno y Drouet. Sin descendentes. == Dissolution del Grande Colombia == {{AP|Dissolution del Grande Colombia}} [[Quito]], [[Cuenca (Ecuador)|Cuenca]] e [[Guayaquil]] esseva annexate al [[Grande Colombia]] in 1822. Durante le Colonia (1563–1809–1820–1822), sub le nomine de [[Real Audientia de Quito]], iste tres regiones faceva parte, successivemente, del viceregno del [[Viceregno de Nove Granada|Nove Granada]]. Illes comenciava lor vita soveran in 1830 con le experientia negative del centralismo viceregal e grancolombian e sin le experientia positive de un administration de prime nivello. Pro ir de Guayaquil a Quito se gastava 14 dies; de Quito a Cuenca, altere 14; de Cuenca a Guayaquil, cinque, e cinque de [[Tulcán]] a Quito. Desde [[Loja (Ecuador)|Loja]] esseva plus facile transportar se a [[Piura]] que al citate de Cuenca. Le via Quito–Riobamba se trovava in mal stato. Ecuador comenciava su vita soveran con un pais desarticulate e mal communicate. Le Sierra centro-nord formava un unitate geographic, ecologic e politic. Illa se susteneva per un agricultura de subsistentia con un bon mercato interne potential e suffreva le crise de su «industria» textile a causa del competition del libere commercio. Le Sierra sud viveva del agricultura, del parve mination, del texitos, del artesanato, del [[cascarilla]] e del bestiame. Su economia se trovava etiam in crise, proque illa habeva cofinanciate le guerras del independentia peruvian. Le Costa se orientava circa Guayaquil e Guayaquil, circa le cacao. Su ricchessa habeva augmentate con le commercio. Le axe secundari [[Provincia de Manabí|Manabí]]–[[Provincia de Esmeraldas|Esmeraldas]] bulliva de activitates mercantil. Ecuador comenciava su vita soveran con un realitate economic positive in un region e negative in le duo alteres. Le hacienda deveniva gradualmente le base del poter politic. Specialmente in le Sierra centro-nord, le haciendas se susteneva super le labor fortiate de indigenas. Le plantationes de cacao del Costa habeva etiam besonio de iste mano de obra, ma liberemente contractate. Le parve proprietarios de ambes regiones timeva esser absorbite per iste centros. Le population del pais, secundo le estimation le plus optimista, attingeva 800 mill habitantes, plus del medietate del quales viveva in le Sierra nor-central. Minus de un pro cento del population frequentava le schola ille anno. Le proprietate del terra se concentrava majoritariemente in le manos del elite creol e del elite creol. Le population mestice, in su majoritate, non habeva accesso a terras e dependeva del labor salariale in mestieres e labores agricole pro su subsistentia. Al sclavos afroecuadorian non esseva recognoscite alcun derecto civil. Le indigenas, mantenite durante seculos in le ignorantia e le alcohol, esseva considerate como minors. Le major parte laborava pro le haciendas e pagava tributos. In 1830, le aduanas de Guayaquil e le tributo del indigenas constitueva le principal fonte de entratas del Stato. Ecuador revendicava pro se le limites del [[Real Audientia de Quito]], que includeva le departamentos colombian de [[Nariño (Colombia)|Nariño]], [[Cauca (Colombia)|Cauca]], [[Putumayo (Colombia)|Putumayo]] e parte de [[Valle del Cauca]]. Ma Nove Granada se atteneva a un division administrative interne (1824), que le favorava. Al sud, le [[Tractato de Guayaquil]] (1829) designava le [[Río Marañón|Marañón]]–[[Río Amazonas|Amazonas]] como limite del Grande Colombia e, ergo, de Ecuador. Le ambitiones de gruppos de interesse local e le crise politic al interior del Grande Colombia persuadeva Flores a conspirar contra Bolivar e provocar le secession del departamento del Sud. Quasi al mesme tempore, le general [[José Antonio Páez]] faceva le mesme in [[Venezuela]]. Le 13 de maio 1830, pauc menses post le separation de [[Venezuela]], le Departamentos que componeva le «District del Sud» del Grande Colombia (Departamentos del Ecuador, Guayaquil e Azuay) se declarava stato independente con le nomine de «Stato de Ecuador». Flores assumeva primo le carga de Chef Supreme e postea celle de Presidente Provisional del nove Stato, usque a su nomination definitive como Presidente Constitutional le 22 de septembre 1830. Alcun historiatores specula que le Presidentia de Ecuador esseva destinate al Mariscallo [[Antonio José de Sucre]], assassinate in [[Berruecos]] durante le periodo de separation. Tanto Flores como le general colombian [[José María Obando]] esseva accusate de esser detra le assassination, ma nulle de iste suspiciones poteva esser probate. Sucre prefereva viagiar a Bogota, al [[Congresso Admirabile]], ante que remaner in Ecuador, ubi un assemblea constituente habeva essite convocate in le citate de [[Riobamba]]. Pauc post le initio de su presidentia, un parte del population del provincias de Pasto, Popayán e Buenaventura declarava su voluntate de incorporar se a Ecuador. Le Presidente Juan José Flores, post haber mandate guarniciones a Pasto, visitava iste citates, ubi ille promulgava un decreto declarante le incorporation de Cauca a Ecuador. Le Congresso Ordinari de 1831 declarava officialmente le incorporation del Departamento de Cauca a Ecuador. Le 22 de julio 1831 Nove Granada reclamava le restitution de iste Departamento a Ecuador. Le General [[José Hilario López]] se rebellava in [[Popayán]] in favor de Nove Granada e un confronto militar habeva loco inter le armea ecuatorian dirigite per Flores e le armea granadin, commandate per [[José María Obando]]. Flores non poteva triumphar proque le fronte interne de Ecuador se debilitava a causa del insurrectiones de [[Ambato]] e [[Latacunga]] contra su Governamento. Le ecuatorianos triumphava in alcun confrontos, ma le manca de provisionamentos e le rebellion del battallion Quito determinava le chute del citate de Pasto. Ante iste situation, Flores celebrava un Tractato de pace e limites con Nove Granada in le citate de Pasto le 8 de decembre 1832, fixante le fluvio Carchi como limite frontalier inter le duo Statios e lassante pendente le decision super le portos de La Tola e Tumaco, in le provincia de Buenaventura. Le [[Tractato de Pasto]] fixava le limites de un parte del frontiera, ma non del resto del territorio de Ecuador, que veniva a esser delimite plus tarde con Colombia. == Le prime Constitution == Flores convocava 21 deputatos, septe per region, respectivemente, pro reunir se in [[Riobamba]]. In minus de un mense illes redigeva e promulgava le prime Constitution, eligeva Quito como capital e eligeva Flores como presidente per 19 votos contra un. Ma illes faceva 18 scrutinio pro eliger como vice-presidente [[José Joaquín Olmedo]]. Su competitor esseva le quiteño Manuel Matheu, Marchese de Maenza.<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.haciendalacienega.com/historia/ |título=Historia – Hacienda La Cienega |fechaacceso=7 de enero de 2017 |sitioweb=[www.haciendalacienega.com](http://www.haciendalacienega.com)}}</ref> Desde le nascentia del Republica existeva un lucta pro le poter inter le notabiles de Quito e Guayaquil. Cata notabile recipeva duo pesos per die pro lor servicios constituente. (Un vacca lactifere valiva alora quatro pesos). Le Constitution lassava le porta aperte pro formar un sol Stato con Colombia. Illa proponeva un Stato presidentialista, soveran, alternative, democratic e moderne. Le election esseva independente e indirecte mediante assembleas parochial, cantonal e provincial; ben que solmente poteva votar le viros alfabetisate maritate de qualcunque etate o celibes de 22 annos o plus qui possedeva immobiles de al minus 300 pesos o un profession non servile (advocato, medico, sacerdote, monacho). Le candidatos a cargas de representation popular habeva besonio de un plus grande quantitate, e 30 mill pesos in immobiles pro esser eligibile al presidentia. Le indigenas remaneva sub le tutela del parochos, e le traffico de sclavos africanos esseva restringite al labor in haciendas e minas. == Prime presidentia == [[File:Juan José Flores.jpg|thumb|Portraito de Juan José Flores. Prime Presidente de Ecuador.|250px]] Flores non poteva governar in pace e debeva recurrer al fortia. Il debeva suffocar le revolution del general venezuelan [[Luis Urdaneta]] —nepote del general [[Rafael Urdaneta]]— (1830–1831), facer guerra a Colombia (1832), punir tres insurrectiones de battaliones e combatter contra ideologos utilitarista (1833), affrontar [[Vicente Rocafuerte]] (1833–1834) e esmagar le [[Revolution del Chihuahuas]] (1832–1834),<ref>{{cita web |url = http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/historia-del-ecuador/revolucion-los-chihuahuas/ |título = Revolución de los Chihuahuas |fechaacceso = 19 de julio de 2018 |sitioweb = Enciclopedia Del Ecuador |idioma = castellano |cita = La llamada “Revolución de los Chihuahuas” fue una de esas desventuradas hazañas guerreras de los primeros años de nuestra vida republicana, y constituye uno de los capítulos más importantes de la historia nacional. Comenzó a gestarse cuando el Congreso de 1833, en sesión a la que no concurrió Vicente Rocafuerte -entonces diputado por la Provincia de Guayaquil- concedió al Gral. Juan José Flores, Presidente de la República, facultades extraordinarias para gobernar al país. (...) La revolución adoptó entonces el nombre de “Chihuahuas”, puesto que este fue el nombre que se le diera a los simpatizantes de Rocafuerte, en vista de que este había servido durante algunos años a las causas libertarias en México. |formato = html |urlarchivo = https://web.archive.org/web/20160829151351/http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/historia-del-ecuador/revolucion-los-chihuahuas/ |fechaarchivo = 29 de agosto de 2016 |title = Archive copy |accessdate = 2026-09-03 |archivedate = 2016-08-29 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160829151351/http://www.enciclopediadelecuador.com/historia-del-ecuador/revolucion-los-chihuahuas/ }}</ref> e finalmente impedir que [[Loja (Ecuador)|Loja]], [[Cuenca (Ecuador)|Cuenca]], [[Esmeraldas (Ecuador)|Esmeraldas]] e le Sierra nor-central se separava de Ecuador pro incorporar se a Colombia (1834–1835). Post le morte de Bolivar (17 de decembre 1830), le [[Cauca (Colombia)|Cauca]] e [[Pasto (Colombia)|Pasto]] demandava esser annexate a Ecuador. Colombia lo impedi per le derrota del tropas de Flores, e Ecuador perdeva iste territorios ligate al [[Audientia de Quito]] desde le {{siglo|XVI||s}}. Iste fallimento e le privilegios del mal considerate militares venezuelan rendeva le presidente impopular. Un gruppo de intellectuales, ancian patriotas del 10 de augusto 1809 e del 2 de augusto 1810 e anticlericales, formava le «Societate de El Quiteño Libre». Desde maio 1833 iste societate opponeva se al governamento in le jornal del mesme nomine. [[Vicente Rocafuerte]] opponeva se al facultates extraordinari concedite a Flores e renunciava a su sede parlamentar. Durante su governamento, le 12 de februario 1832, le [[Islas Galápagos]] esseva annexate a Ecuador; pro iste motivo, alcun tempore plus tarde un del insulas esseva baptisate in su honor como '''[[Isla Floreana (Galápagos)|Isla Floreana]].''' Se distingueva le emission de alcun leges sur le moneta, accordos con le Ecclesia Catholic e le acceptation del debita externe grancolombian ([[Deuda Inglesa]]) contrahite per Venezuela, Colombia e Ecuador pro finantiar le independentia. A Ecuador, que non esseva presente in le negotiationes, esseva assignate le 21,5 % del debita, plus de 22 milliones de pesos. Le entratas del governamento in 1834 attingeva a pena 708 mill pesos. Flores assecurava un sorta de pacto de non-aggression inter gruppos de proprietarios terrier del [[Region Interandine del Ecuador|Sierra de Ecuador]] e gruppos agro-exportator del [[Region Litoral del Ecuador|Costa]]. Su presentia politic durante plus de 15 annos interrumpite generava que un gruppo de [[Revolution Marcista|revolutionarios marcistas]] pressava pro su partita de Guayaquil e pro le partita del integre [[stato-major]] [[extranjero]]. Flores finiva su mandato con un crise politic e le menacia del dissolution del Stato. === Revolution del Chihuahuas e Jefaturas Supreme de Rocafuerte e Valdivieso === Le 12 de octobre 1832 comenciava in Guayaquil le [[Revolution del Chihuahuas]] dirigite per militares discontentes e politicos. Un septimana plus tarde, le «quiteños libres» attacava un quartel in Quito. Iste 19 de octobre, alcun de lor leaders esseva occidite a lanceate o decapitate. Le 20 de octobre, Rocafuerte, in via verso le exilio in Peru, esseva liberate per le chihuahuas e proclamate jefe supreme de Guayaquil. Le chihuahuas bloccava le porto occupate per Flores e initiava insurrectiones in le villages del peninsula de Santa Elena, del golfo de Guayaquil, del basse bacia del Guayas e de Manabi. Rocafuerte esseva capturate e livrate a Flores le 18 de junio 1834. Un septimana antea, [[José Félix Valdivieso]], ministro de Flores, se habeva proclamate jefe supreme de Ibarra. Cuenca e Loja, discontentes del centralismo administrative, adheriva a ille. Ante iste circumstantias, al initio de julio, Flores arrivava a un pacto con Rocafuerte, secundo le qual Rocafuerte accederia al Presidentia e Flores al jefatura supreme del Exercito. Le chihuahuas debeva submitter se sub pena de accusationes de traition al patria. Valdivieso occupava Quito e le Sierra central. Le chihuahuas non acceptava le pacto. Alcun de illes se jungeva a Valdivieso, le resto esseva reprimite usque ben entrate in le anno 1836. Rocafuerte, acclamate como jefe supreme del Guayas in un assemblea popular, convocava un secunde Convention (constitutiente) pro reformar le Carta Politic e clauder le possibilitate de un federation con Colombia. A fin de vincer le federalista Valdivieso, Rocafuerte poneva Flores al capite de su tropas, qui batteva le tropas de Valdivieso in le battalia de Miñarica, apud Ambato (18 de januario 1835). Le poeta Olmedo, in honor del victoria e dirigente se al [[Volcan Chimborazo|Chimborazo]], le exhortava: ''«Rege del Andes, inclina le ardua fronte, que passa le victor».'' == Secunde Presidentia == [[File:Grabado de la Hacienda La Elvira, de Juan José Flores (1852).jpg|thumb|Gravure del Hacienda La Elvira (1852), proprietate emblematic del familia Flores-Jijón de Vivanco.|300px]] Flores esseva eligite al prime scrutinio per 29 del 38 votos del Congresso. Su re-election esseva probabilemente convenite desde le pacto con Rocafuerte in 1834. Flores offereva al Congresso e al Nation respectar le libertate del personas e del pressa, non exiliar nemo, dar impulso al politica externe, continuar le obra educational de Rocafuerte e observar un conducta «franc e moderate, firme, impartial e juste». Con iste offerta ille se appoiava super le successo administrative e civilisator de Rocafuerte e, al mesme tempore, se distantiava del mal reputation del Rocafuerte implacabile e dure. [[Benigno Malo]], un statista cuencano, diceva de iste secunde periodo floreano: «Iste parve epocha esseva le plus belle pagina civic de Flores como homine de governamento». Durante le ultime anno de su governamento, le gestion de Flores esseva objecto de criticas crescente pro su supponite abandono del obras public e accusationes de corruption inter alte functionarios. In iste contexto, circulava in Quito le jornal oppositionista La Linterna Mágica, editate in Piura per Pedro Moncayo, qui exerceva un opposition ferree al regime. Le journalist fratre Vicente Solano affirmava que de 700 mille pesos del renta national, 400 mille esseva expendite pro mantener le fidelitate del Exercito. Le intervention de Flores con duo mille soldatos in Nove Granada contribueva plus ancora a su deterioration. Movite per un petition del governamento colombian, ille combatteva un insurrection in [[Pasto (Colombia)|Pasto]]. Flores credeva que, sur le plano personal, ille dareva un lection al insurrecte general Obando, su ancian inimico e calumniator inveterate in le caso del assassination de Sucre. Ille se imaginava que, sur le plano public, ille recupereva, al minus in parte, le territorios perdite durante su prime administration e facerea entrar in le cassas fiscal 300 mille pesos como compensation colombian. Ma quando ille debeva intervenir novemente in Pasto, le popularitate de Flores comenciava a declinar. Como Solano lo habeva insinuate, sub le pretexto de «irregularitates» occurrite in [[Cuenca (Ecuador)|Cuenca]] durante le election de representantes e del absentia del representantes del Guayas al Congresso Extraordinari a causa del [[fiebre jaune]] que in octobre 1842 habeva causate 326 victimas, Flores convocava un Convention pro le 15 de januario 1843 e promulgava un lege electoral que deveniva un colpo de Stato in su favor.<ref>{{cite book|title=Fondo Jijón y Caamaño|url=https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=ijYaAAAAIAAJ&q=juan+jose+flores+decreto+marzo+1843&dq=juan+jose+flores+decreto+marzo+1843&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiVu56wsvjhAhULn-AKHTkxDPoQ6AEIQzAE |publisher=Centro de Investigación y Cultura, Banco Central del Ecuador|date=1987|access-date=2019-04-30|language=es|author=Banco Central del Ecuador Archivo Histórico}} </ref> == Tertie Presidentia == Le Convention se reuniva in Quito le 15 de januario 1843. Trenta del 36 conventionarios orava in le cathedral, pro postea sessionar in le Collegio San Buenaventura. Del conventionarios, 32 del representantes esseva empleatos del Stato, del quales 5 esseva generales e 5 esseva coroneles, tote illes estranjeros salvo un. Le reforma consisteva, inter altere questiones, in prolongar le periodo presidential a octo annos e permitter al presidente de esser reelegite post un periodo; in facer que le Congresso se reunirea cata quatro annos, que le senatores durarea 12 annos e le deputatos octo annos. Le proposition esseva acceptate. Flores esseva reelegite per 34 del 36 votos del sala. Le nove constitution esseva appellate "[[Carta del Sclavitude]]". In addition, illa contineva principios como le libertate de cultos in le esfera private e claudeva le via al politicisation del clero.<ref>{{cite book|title=El Año ecuatoriano|url=https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=SkQ0AQAAIAAJ&q=juan+jose+flores+15+de+enero+1843&dq=juan+jose+flores+15+de+enero+1843&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjvovils_jhAhVtTd8KHVCGDjwQ6AEISjAF|date=1952|access-date=2019-04-30|language=es}} </ref> Su governamento durante iste tertie periodo affrontava un opposition dur, proveniente tanto del clero como del opposition originante del nove imposto de tres pesos e quatro reales, con exemption pro indigenas e sclavos, ben que le imposto esseva postea abolite; del accusation de haber essite implicate in le assassination de Sucre; del fallimento del expedition a Nove Granada; de un negotiation limitalic fallite con Peru; e del presentia e poter del militares estranjeros —12 del 15 generales esseva estranjeros—, insimul con le abuso del fundos de un legado destinate al collegio [[Vicente León]] per Flores e su proximos. A isto se addeva un conspiracy dirigite per juvene intellectuales in Quito, inter illes Gabriel García Moreno; e le «nationalismo» del notabiles guayaquileños. Tote isto esseva stimolate per le 14 manifestos «A la Nación», lanceate per Rocafuerte desde Lima inter 1843 e 1845. Le governator de Guayaquil, a causa del febre jaune, habeva arrivat tarde al Convention. Ille esseva representante de Cuenca. Rocafuerte se opponeva a grande parte del reforma proponite per Flores. Ille qualificava su collaboratores de "[[jenízaro]]s" e se exiliava in Lima. Iste manifestos appellava a insurrection in nomine del nationalismo: ''«Union, enthusiasmo, valor, constantia e tosto le victoria essera vostre. Derrocante le perfide tiranno de Venezuela, vos restituera le gaudio de vostre usurpate derectos...»'', diceva le quinte de illes. ''«E le eventos se precipitava al voce tonante de Rocafuerte»'', scribe le historiator [[Luis Robalino Dávila]]. A tote le tumultos popular in varie locos del Sierra al crito de ''«Morte al tres pesos!, Viva le religion!»'', se succedeva le colpo definitive: le pronunciamento militar nationalista e del notabiles de Guayaquil, le 6 de martio 1845. Le insurgentes formava un governamento provisorie al qual se adheriva [[Manabí]] e Cuenca. Flores resisteva usque junio con su tropas stationate in «La Elvira», hacienda de su proprietate, e capitulava ante iste governamento per medio de un tractato, appellate «de La Virginia», nomine del hacienda del poeta Olmedo, ubi illo esseva signate le 17 de junio 1845. === Obras importante durante su presidentia === * Constitution de Ecuador de 1809 * Le 20 de decembre 1830, ille decretava le annexation del [[Departamento del Cauca (Gran Colombia)|Departamento del Cauca]], conditionate usque al reunion del proxime congresso, al qual concurrerea le deputatos de ille Departamento. Le 7 de octobre 1831, le congresso ecuatorian approbava un Lege incorporante le Departamento del Cauca al Stato ecuatorian e approbante le Decreto del Poter Executive in le qual ille admitteva iste incorporation. * Ille incorporava le Islas Galápagos le 12 de februario 1832. * Le tractato de Pando-Noboa con Peru esseva signate. * Le tractato de Pace con Chile esseva signate. * Ille fundava le Collegio del Guayas, actualmente cognoscite como [[Colegio Nacional Vicente Rocafuerte]]. * Refaction e remodelation del [[Palatio de Carondelet]] in 1892. === Deuda externe === In decembre 1834 le delegation ecuatorian non assistiva al reunion pro le repartition del debita del independentia. A causa del absentia de Ecuador, a ille esseva assignate le 21,5 pro cento del debita, equivalente a 22.230.631,64 pesos.<ref>{{Cita web |autor=Humberto Oña Villarreal |título=Juan José Flores |url=http://www.explored.com.ec/ecuador/jflores.htm |fechaacceso=30 de septiembre de 2013 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621205626/http://www.explored.com.ec/ecuador/jflores.htm |fechaarchivo=21 de junio de 2013 |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-09-03 |archivedate=2013-06-21 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621205626/http://www.explored.com.ec/ecuador/jflores.htm }}</ref> == Exilio, rehabilitation e ultime campanias == Plus tarde, Flores, ja desde le exilio, complottava un invasion de Ecuador pro le qual ille obteneva appoio e finantiamento de [[María Cristina de Borbón-Dos Sicilias]], regina regente de [[Espania]], con le fin de installar su filio [[Agustín Muñoz y Borbón]] sur le [[Tentativa de reconquista espaniol in Ecuador|throno ecuatorian]]. On parla etiam de negotiationes con le rege francese [[Luis Felipe I de Francia|Luis Felipe I]], pro nominar como Reges de Ecuador su decime filio, [[Antonio de Orleans]], [[Duca de Montpensier]], e su sposa, le infanta espaniol [[Luisa Fernanda de Borbón]], filia etiam del mentionate regina Maria Cristina.<ref name="Orrego Penagos, Juan Luis">{{Cita web |autor=Orrego Penagos, Juan Luis |título=El general Juan José Flores y el Perú |url=http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/item/37266/el-general-juan-jose-flores-y-el-peru-1 |fechaacceso=9 de febrero de 2013 |obra=Historia del Perú, América Latina y el mundo. Siglos XIX y XX |fecha=03/2012 |fechaarchivo=15 de octubre de 2013 |urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015055220/http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/item/37266/el-general-juan-jose-flores-y-el-peru-1 |deadurl=yes |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2026-09-03 |archivedate=2013-10-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015055220/http://blog.pucp.edu.pe/item/37266/el-general-juan-jose-flores-y-el-peru-1 }}</ref> Le tentativa esseva repellete con severitate e Flores debeva retornar al exilio. Durante un tempore ille resideva in [[Costa Rica]], ubi ille habeva un amicitate proxime con le presidente [[José María Castro Madriz]]. Le Congresso le declarava ''cittadino distinguite de Costa Rica'', ma Flores declinava le honor e poco postea quitava le pais. In 1855, durante su tempore in [[Lima]], ille esseva un del socios fundatores del [[Club Nacional (Lima)|Club Nacional]]. In martio 1857, ille arrivava in Venezuela, ubi tentava mediar sin successo in le conflictos suscitate inter le liberales qui supportava le presidente [[José Tadeo Monagas]] e le conservatores qui tentava de derocar le sub le direction del general [[José Antonio Páez]]. Multes in [[Caracas]] videva in Flores le persona ideal pro diriger le [[revolution]]. Ille esseva un procer e habeva essite Presidente de Ecuador, ma quando Flores se informava del situation, ille quitava immediatemente le pais e se dirigeva a [[Lima]]. In 1860 Flores commandava le armea del presidente [[Gabriel García Moreno]], ben que García Moreno habeva essite un firmo oppositionista. Flores participava in le campo quiteño durante le guerra civil de 1859–1860, affrontante le governamento de facto de Guayaquil, que pretendeva le secession del citate, sub le direction del general [[Guillermo Franco Herrera]], qui ille batteva in le combate de [[Mapasingue]]. Le secession del provincia de Guayaquil e su posterior annexation a Peru esseva evitate per le [[declaration de independentia de Loja]] como Republica Federal in 1859. In 1863 ille commandava le Exercito ecuatorian in le guerra contra Colombia, ma esseva vincite in le [[Battalia de Cuaspud]]. == Morte == [[File:Tumba de Juan José Flores, Catedral Metropolitana de Quito.jpg|thumb|275x275px|Tumba in le [[Catedral Metropolitana de Quito]].]] In 1864, Flores partiva de Quito pro combatter un expedition del ex-presidente [[José María Urbina y Viteri|José María Urbina]] in le [[Golfo de Guayaquil]]. Durante le Combate de Santa Rosa, ille recipeva un tiro perdite in le basso ventre e moriva le 1 de octobre a bordo del vapor ''Smirck'', presso le [[Isla Puná]].<ref name="JGZ">{{cite book|last=Gomezjurado Zevallos|first=Javier|title=Quito: Historia del Cabildo y la ciudad|date=2015|publisher=Instituto Metropolitano de Patrimonio|location=Quito|isbn=978-9942-20-821-7|pages=329–330|edition=first|access-date=2016-01-20}} </ref><ref>{{Cita publicación |publicación=Revista de Estudios Históricos |fecha=1993 |número=Nº37-38 |página=445|editorial=Instituto Chileno de Investigaciones Genealógicas}}</ref> Pro melior conservation, le cadavere de Flores esseva ponite in un barril de alcohol e transportate in un nave de guerra desde [[Machala]] a [[Guayaquil]], ubi alcun familiares attendeva con un luxuose coffre pro transportar le a Quito, ubi ille esseva inhumate.<ref name="JGZ"/> On dice que le barril de alcohol remaneva abandonate in le porto, e que alcun marinarios lo vendeva a un taberniero del [[Malecón 2000|Malecón]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Pérez Pimentel|first=Rodolfo|title=El Ecuador Profundo, tomo III|date=1988|publisher=Editorial de la Universidad de Guayaquil|location=Guayaquil|page=208|edition=first|access-date=2016-01-20}}</ref> In su honor, le presidente [[Gabriel García Moreno]] ordinava, per medio de un decreto executive expedite le 8 de octobre 1864, que in tote le provincias del pais se celebrara exequias de prime classe in honor al general Flores, que le empleatos public e militares portara luto stricte durante tres dies, a partir del vigilia del funerales que haberea loco le 13 de octobre in le [[Cathedral de Quito]], que le bandera del Palatio de Carondelet e del edificios public remanerea a medie asta durante le mesme tempore e, finalmente, que se elaborara un mausoleo de marmore con le inscription: ''Al patre del Patria, le populo grate''.<ref>{{Cita publication|apellidos1=Orbes M. |nombre1=Camilo |título=Correspondencia inédita del Libertador Simón Bolívar |páginas=90-91 |fechaacceso=20 de enero de 2016 |editorial=Biblioteca Ángel Arango - Banco de la República |ubicación=Bogotá}}</ref> Desde alora, su restos mortales e los de su sposa se trova in le cripta presidential intra le [[Catedral Metropolitana de Quito]]. In le mesme edificio se trova etiam le restos de [[Antonio José de Sucre]] e de [[Gabriel García Moreno]]. == Decorationes == * [[Anexo:Grandes Oficiales de la Legión de Honor|Grande official]] del [[Legion de Honor]], concedite per le rege [[Luis Felipe I de Francia]] in 1844.<ref>{{cite book|last=Van Aken|first=Mark J.|title=King of the Night: Juan Jose Flores & Ecuador 1824-1864|date=1989|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|location=Los Ángeles|isbn=0-520-06277-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/kingofnightjuanj0000vana/page/332 332]|access-date=2016-01-20|language=en|url=https://archive.org/details/kingofnightjuanj0000vana/page/332}}</ref> * Cavallero del [[Ordine de Carlos III]], concedite le 29 de septembre 1844.<ref>{{cite book|last=Costa y Turell|first=Modesto|title=Tratado completo de la ciencia del blason: ó sea, Código heráldico-histórico|date=1878|publisher=Editorial L. Tasso|location=Madrid|page=336|url=https://books.google.com.ec/books?id=QTg9AQAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|access-date=2015-11-14|format=e-book}}</ref> == Honores postume == In novembre 1864, pauc septimanas post su decesso, le Cabildo del citate de [[Quito]] tentava placiar un portraito del ex-presidente in su Sala de Sessiones, ma illo non esseva acceptate per tote le membros, qui permitteva solmente un discurso in su honor, sublineante su patriotismo e actiones benefic al pais, concludente le intervention con le phrase: «''Concittadinos, le torcha del vita de iste heroe se ha extinguite, ma ille nos lassa aperte le sentieros que conduce al templo del gloria; imita le''».<ref name="JGZ"/> In su honor, in su [[Puerto Cabello|citate natal]] existe: * Un parochia. * Un loco denominate «Plaza Flores». * Un schola basic. * Duo promotiones de officiales, ambe graduate del [[Academia Militar del Exercito Bolivarian|Academia Militar de Venezuela]], porta su nomine como heroe eponymic. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Nascite in Puerto Cabello]] [[Categoria:Decedite in Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Presidentes de Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Presidentes de Ecuador nascite foras del pais]] [[Categoria:Governatores]] [[Categoria:Militares de Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Militares proceres del guerra del independentia de Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Tentativa de reconquista espaniol in Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Presidentes de Ecuador que esseva distronate per un colpo de Stato]] [[Categoria:Isla Floreana]] [[Categoria:Equites del Ordine de Carlos III]] [[Categoria:Grandes officiales del Legion de Honor]] [[Categoria:Deputatos e membros del assembleas de Ecuador]] [[Categoria:Generales de Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Proprietarios de terras de Ecuador]] 3t0uu8eqe5jqa3j4teutt86xhu4aun7 0 61250 699867 2026-09-12T17:24:55Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “{{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (S...” 699867 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{citar web |titulo=De ANS: Mission |publicator=Agentia National de Securitate |url=[https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml](https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml) |access-date=14 septembre 2014 |archive-date=18 septembre 2014 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml](https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml) |url-status=active }}</ref><ref name="Nakashima" /> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf) Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf) |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{citar novas |url=[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521](https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521) |date=29 januario 2006 |access-date=15 septembre 2021 |first1=Daniel |last1=Schorr |labor=NPR |titulo=Un breve historia del ANS |archive-date=15 septembre 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521](https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521) |url-status=active }}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref name="wapoblack1"/><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que danneggiava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/) |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=[https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188](https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188) |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=[http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm](http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm) |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm) |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> Unlike the CIA and the [[Defense Intelligence Agency]] (DIA), both of which specialize primarily in foreign [[Clandestine human intelligence|human espionage]], the NSA does not publicly conduct [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|human intelligence gathering]]. The NSA is entrusted with assisting with and coordinating SIGINT elements for other government organizations—which Executive Order prevents from engaging in such activities on their own.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> As part of these responsibilities, the agency has a co-located organization called the [[Central Security Service]] (CSS), which facilitates cooperation between the NSA and other U.S. defense [[cryptanalysis]] components. To further ensure streamlined communication between the signals [[United States Intelligence Community|intelligence community]] divisions, the [[Director of the National Security Agency|NSA director]] simultaneously serves as the Commander of the [[United States Cyber Command]] and as Chief of the Central Security Service. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[Gulf of Tonkin incident|incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution|escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Vietnam War|Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html) |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[North Vietnam|del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html](https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html) |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Vietnam War|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[economic espionage|espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. Secundo le documentos revelate, le NSA intercepta e immagazina le communicationes de plus de un milliard de personas in tote le mundo, includente citatanos del Statos Unite. Le documentos revelava etiam que le NSA tracia le movimentos de centenas de milliones de personas usante [[metadata|metadatos]] de telefonos cellular. Internationalmente, le recerca ha indicate le capacitate del NSA de surveliar le traffico domestic de Internet de paises estranier per medio de [[Network Sovereignty#Protection of National Traffic|routing de boomerang]].<ref name="boomerang">{{cite conference |last1=Obar |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Clement |first2=Andrew |title=Internet Surveillance and Boomerang Routing: A Call for Canadian Network Sovereignty |editor1-last=Ross |editor1-first=P. |editor2-last=Shtern |editor2-first=J. |conference=TEM 2013: Proceedings of the Technology & Emerging Media Track – Annual Conference of the [[Canadian Communication Association|Association Canadiense de Communication]] |location=Victoria, British Columbia |orig-year=June 5–7, 2012 |date=July 1, 2013 |ssrn=2311792 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2311792 |doi-access=free }}</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips video]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] mzai4dj2mfszd685ymiovp88o51tjnu 699868 699867 2026-09-12T17:25:40Z Interlingvisto 60932 699868 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{citar web |titulo=De ANS: Mission |publicator=Agentia National de Securitate |url=[https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml](https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml) |access-date=14 septembre 2014 |archive-date=18 septembre 2014 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml](https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml) |url-status=active }}</ref><ref name="Nakashima" /> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf) Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf) |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{citar novas |url=[https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521](https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521) |date=29 januario 2006 |access-date=15 septembre 2021 |first1=Daniel |last1=Schorr |labor=NPR |titulo=Un breve historia del ANS |archive-date=15 septembre 2021 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521](https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521) |url-status=active }}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref name="wapoblack1"/><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que danneggiava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/) |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=[https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188](https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188) |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=[http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm](http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm) |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm](https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm) |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [[http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf](http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf) 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf](https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf) |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[Gulf of Tonkin incident|incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution|escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Vietnam War|Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html](https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html) |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[North Vietnam|del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=[https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html](https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html) |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Vietnam War|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[economic espionage|espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. Secundo le documentos revelate, le NSA intercepta e immagazina le communicationes de plus de un milliard de personas in tote le mundo, includente citatanos del Statos Unite. Le documentos revelava etiam que le NSA tracia le movimentos de centenas de milliones de personas usante [[metadata|metadatos]] de telefonos cellular. Internationalmente, le recerca ha indicate le capacitate del NSA de surveliar le traffico domestic de Internet de paises estranier per medio de [[Network Sovereignty#Protection of National Traffic|routing de boomerang]].<ref name="boomerang">{{cite conference |last1=Obar |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Clement |first2=Andrew |title=Internet Surveillance and Boomerang Routing: A Call for Canadian Network Sovereignty |editor1-last=Ross |editor1-first=P. |editor2-last=Shtern |editor2-first=J. |conference=TEM 2013: Proceedings of the Technology & Emerging Media Track – Annual Conference of the [[Canadian Communication Association|Association Canadiense de Communication]] |location=Victoria, British Columbia |orig-year=June 5–7, 2012 |date=July 1, 2013 |ssrn=2311792 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2311792 |doi-access=free }}</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips video]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] 5xq6lnqjxtdf3mka4httd2tztbbhwpb 699869 699868 2026-09-12T17:26:42Z Interlingvisto 60932 699869 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{citar web |titulo=De ANS: Mission |publicator=Agentia National de Securitate |url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |access-date=14 septembre 2014 |archive-date=18 septembre 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |url-status=active }}</ref><ref name="Nakashima" /> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{citar novas |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |date=29 januario 2006 |access-date=15 septembre 2021 |first1=Daniel |last1=Schorr |labor=NPR |titulo=Un breve historia del ANS |archive-date=15 septembre 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |url-status=active }}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref name="wapoblack1"/><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que danneggiava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/ |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188 |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[Gulf of Tonkin incident|incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[Gulf of Tonkin Resolution|escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Vietnam War|Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[North Vietnam|del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2020/10/24185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html) |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Vietnam War|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[economic espionage|espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Global surveillance disclosures (2013–present)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. Secundo le documentos revelate, le NSA intercepta e immagazina le communicationes de plus de un milliard de personas in tote le mundo, includente citatanos del Statos Unite. Le documentos revelava etiam que le NSA tracia le movimentos de centenas de milliones de personas usante [[metadata|metadatos]] de telefonos cellular. Internationalmente, le recerca ha indicate le capacitate del NSA de surveliar le traffico domestic de Internet de paises estranier per medio de [[Network Sovereignty#Protection of National Traffic|routing de boomerang]].<ref name="boomerang">{{cite conference |last1=Obar |first1=Jonathan A. |last2=Clement |first2=Andrew |title=Internet Surveillance and Boomerang Routing: A Call for Canadian Network Sovereignty |editor1-last=Ross |editor1-first=P. |editor2-last=Shtern |editor2-first=J. |conference=TEM 2013: Proceedings of the Technology & Emerging Media Track – Annual Conference of the [[Canadian Communication Association|Association Canadiense de Communication]] |location=Victoria, British Columbia |orig-year=June 5–7, 2012 |date=July 1, 2013 |ssrn=2311792 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.2311792 |doi-access=free }}</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips video]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] 8lfaualmjggde0k0li7k73asoyqkcbb 699870 699869 2026-09-12T17:28:01Z Interlingvisto 60932 699870 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{citar web |titulo=De ANS: Mission |publicator=Agentia National de Securitate |url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |access-date=14 septembre 2014 |archive-date=18 septembre 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |url-status=active }}</ref><ref name="Nakashima" /> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{citar novas |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |date=29 januario 2006 |access-date=15 septembre 2021 |first1=Daniel |last1=Schorr |labor=NPR |titulo=Un breve historia del ANS |archive-date=15 septembre 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |url-status=active }}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref name="wapoblack1"/><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que danneggiava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/ |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188 |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html] |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Guerra de Vietnam|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Revelationes global de survigilantia (2013–presente)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips video]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] s61is8zcvp8j2ug3bdqcrj4n38lcba2 699872 699870 2026-09-12T17:33:08Z Interlingvisto 60932 699872 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{cite web |title=De ANS: Mission |publisher=National Security Agency |url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |access-date=14 September 2014 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |url-status=active}}</ref><ref name=Nakashima>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |title=Bush Order Expands Network Monitoring: Intelligence Agencies to Track Intrusions |author=Ellen Nakashima |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 26, 2008 |access-date=February 9, 2008 |archive-date=June 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624233529/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |date=29 January 2006 |access-date=15 September 2021 |first=Daniel |last=Schorr |work=NPR |title=A Brief History of the NSA |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |url-status=active}}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref name="wapoblack1"/><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que danneggiava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/ |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188 |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html] |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Guerra de Vietnam|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Revelationes global de survigilantia (2013–presente)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips video]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] e6tzynewahwhzy5kr3reqxo01xoixw9 699873 699872 2026-09-12T17:33:33Z Interlingvisto 60932 699873 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{cite web |title=De ANS: Mission |publisher=National Security Agency |url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |access-date=14 September 2014 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |url-status=active}}</ref><ref name=Nakashima>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |title=Bush Order Expands Network Monitoring: Intelligence Agencies to Track Intrusions |author=Ellen Nakashima |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 26, 2008 |access-date=February 9, 2008 |archive-date=June 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624233529/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |date=29 January 2006 |access-date=15 September 2021 |first=Daniel |last=Schorr |work=NPR |title=A Brief History of the NSA |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |url-status=active}}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |page=3 |date=August 29, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |first1=Barton |last1=Gellman |author2=Greg Miller |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=U.S. spy network's successes, failures and objectives detailed in 'black budget' summary |archive-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901013422/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que danneggiava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/ |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188 |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html] |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Guerra de Vietnam|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Revelationes global de survigilantia (2013–presente)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips video]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] dd1hml4jyyoc37rci6rmbyuwi1v1m0s 699876 699873 2026-09-12T19:34:49Z Interlingvisto 60932 699876 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{cite web |title=De ANS: Mission |publisher=National Security Agency |url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |access-date=14 September 2014 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |url-status=active}}</ref><ref name=Nakashima>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |title=Bush Order Expands Network Monitoring: Intelligence Agencies to Track Intrusions |author=Ellen Nakashima |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 26, 2008 |access-date=February 9, 2008 |archive-date=June 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624233529/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |date=29 January 2006 |access-date=15 September 2021 |first=Daniel |last=Schorr |work=NPR |title=A Brief History of the NSA |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |url-status=active}}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |page=3 |date=August 29, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |first1=Barton |last1=Gellman |author2=Greg Miller |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=U.S. spy network's successes, failures and objectives detailed in 'black budget' summary |archive-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901013422/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que damnava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/ |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188 |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html] |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Guerra de Vietnam|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Revelationes global de survigilantia (2013–presente)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Articulos continente clips video]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental establite in 1952]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] fzslv0c1fnvrxaozyyul12erigfjz8x 699885 699876 2026-09-12T20:05:02Z Interlingvisto 60932 699885 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{cite web |title=De ANS: Mission |publisher=National Security Agency |url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |access-date=14 September 2014 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |url-status=active}}</ref><ref name=Nakashima>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |title=Bush Order Expands Network Monitoring: Intelligence Agencies to Track Intrusions |author=Ellen Nakashima |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 26, 2008 |access-date=February 9, 2008 |archive-date=June 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624233529/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |date=29 January 2006 |access-date=15 September 2021 |first=Daniel |last=Schorr |work=NPR |title=A Brief History of the NSA |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |url-status=active}}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |page=3 |date=August 29, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |first1=Barton |last1=Gellman |author2=Greg Miller |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=U.S. spy network's successes, failures and objectives detailed in 'black budget' summary |archive-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901013422/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que damnava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/ |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188 |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |access-date=1 april 2015 }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html] |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Guerra de Vietnam|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Revelationes global de survigilantia (2013–presente)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] oa5c79xw33es2z6kcej2uxt2d35n1ts 699944 699885 2026-09-13T00:08:42Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699944 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Revision}} {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} Le '''Agentia National de Securitate''' ('''ANS''') es un [[agentia de intelligentia]] del [[Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]], sub le autoritate del [[director de intelligentia national]]. Le ANS es responsabile pro le survigilantia, collection e processamento global de informationes e datos pro propositos de intelligentia e [[contraintelligentia]], specialisante se in un disciplina cognoscite como [[intelligentia de signal]] (SIGINT). Le ANS ha etiam le carga del [[protection del informationes]] del retes de communication e [[systemas de information]] del Statos Unite.<ref>{{cite web |title=De ANS: Mission |publisher=National Security Agency |url=https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |access-date=14 September 2014 |archive-date=18 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140918003311/https://www.nsa.gov/about/mission/index.shtml |url-status=active}}</ref><ref name=Nakashima>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |title=Bush Order Expands Network Monitoring: Intelligence Agencies to Track Intrusions |author=Ellen Nakashima |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=January 26, 2008 |access-date=February 9, 2008 |archive-date=June 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170624233529/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/01/25/AR2008012503261_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Le ANS se basa sur un varietate de mesuras pro compler su mission, le majoritate del qual es [[operationes clandestin]].<ref>[[Ordine Executive 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf Emendamentos de 2008 al Ordine Executive 12333] {{ArchivoWeb |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=13 novembre 2018 }}, Activitates de intelligentia del Statos Unite, 30 julio 2008 (PDF)</ref> Le ANS ha circa 32.000 empleatos.<ref name=nprschorr>{{cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |date=29 January 2006 |access-date=15 September 2021 |first=Daniel |last=Schorr |work=NPR |title=A Brief History of the NSA |archive-date=15 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915132002/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5176847&t=1631649030521 |url-status=active}}</ref> Originante como un unitate pro decifrar communicationes codificate durante le [[Secunde Guerra Mundial]], illo esseva officialmente formate como le NSA per le presidente [[Harry S. Truman]] in 1952. Inter ille momento e le fin del [[Guerra Frigid]], illo deveniva le plus grande del [[organisationes de intelligentia del Statos Unite]] in terminos de personal e budget. Totevia, le informationes disponibile a partir de 2013 indica que le [[Agentia Central de Intelligentia]] (CIA) passava avanti in iste aspecto, con un budget de $14,7 milliardos.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |page=3 |date=August 29, 2013 |access-date=August 29, 2013 |first1=Barton |last1=Gellman |author2=Greg Miller |newspaper=The Washington Post |title=U.S. spy network's successes, failures and objectives detailed in 'black budget' summary |archive-date=September 1, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130901013422/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>[[James Bamford|Bamford, James]]. ''[[Corpus de secretos]]: Anatomia del Agentia National de Securitate ultra-secrete'', [[Random House Digital, Inc.]], 18 decembre 2007</ref> Le NSA conduce actualmente [[survigilantia massive|collection massive de datos a escala mundial]] e ha essite cognoscite pro [[interception|intercepter]] fisicamente systemas electronic como un methodo pro iste fin.<ref>Malkin, Bonnie. "Survigilantia del NSA: le Statos Unite intercepteva le officios del UE". ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'', 30 junio 2013.</ref> Le NSA es etiam allegate esser detra tal software de attacco como [[Stuxnet]], que damnava severemente le [[programma nuclear de Iran]].<ref>Ngak, Chenda. [[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/] "Le revelator del NSA Snowden affirmava que le Statos Unite e Israel co-scribeva le virus Stuxnet"] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512124937/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/nsa-leaker-snowden-claimed-us-and-israel-co-wrote-stuxnet-virus/ |date=12 maio 2024 }}, [[CBS]], 9 julio 2013</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Bamford |first=James |url=https://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188 |title=Le guerra secrete |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20140125144725/http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/?p=58188] |magazine=[[Wired (revista)|Wired]] |date=12 junio 2013 |archive-date=25 januario 2014 }}</ref> Le NSA, insimul con le CIA, mantene un presentia physic in multe paises trans le mundo; le [[Servicio de Collection Special]] commun del CIA/NSA (un equipa de intelligentia a alte grado de classification) insere dispositivos de interception in objectivos de alte valor (tal como palatios presidential o embassadas). Le tacticas de collection del SCS allegatemente comprende "survigilantia proxime, burglaria, interception telephonic, [e] penetration".<ref name=lichtblau01>{{cite news |last=Lichtblau |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Lichtblau |title=Suspecto de espionage pote haber revelate le interception del Statos Unite; Espionage: Hanssen lassava signos que ille habeva dicite a Russia ubi dispositivos de interception ultra-secrete in le estraniero esseva locate, declara officiales |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 februario 2001 |page=A1 |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |archive-date=17 april 2001 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm |access-date=1 april 2015 |accessdate=12 September 2026 |archivedate=17 April 2001 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20010417230720/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates2/lat_spy010228.htm }}</ref> A differentia del CIA e del [[Defense Intelligence Agency|Agentia de Intelligentia del Defensa]] (DIA), le qual duo se specialisa principalmente in [[Clandestine human intelligence|espionage human clandestin]] estranier, le NSA non conduce publicamente [[Human intelligence (intelligence gathering)|collection de intelligentia human]]. Al NSA es conferite le carga de assister e coordinar elementos de SIGINT pro altere organisationes governamental — que un [[Executive Order|Ordine Executive]] impedi de ingagiar se independentemente in tal activitates.<ref>''[[Executive Order 13470]] – [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf 2008 Amendments to Executive Order 12333] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181113014752/https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2008-08-04/pdf/WCPD-2008-08-04-Pg1064.pdf |date=November 13, 2018 }}, United States Intelligence Activities'', Section C.2, July 30, 2008</ref> Como parte de iste responsabilitates, le agentia ha un organisation co-localisate appellate [[Central Security Service|Servicio Central de Securitate]] (CSS), que facilita le cooperation inter le NSA e altere componentes de [[United States Department of Defense|Defensa del Statos Unite]] dedicate al [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalysi]]. Pro assecurar plus avant un communication fluent inter le divisiones del [[United States Intelligence Community|communicate de intelligentia del Statos Unite]], le [[Director of the National Security Agency|director del NSA]] servi simultaneemente como le Commandante del [[United States Cyber Command|Commandamento Cyber del Statos Unite]] e como le Capo del Servicio Central de Securitate. Le actiones del NSA ha essite un question de controversia politic in plure occasiones, includente su rolo in fornir intelligentia durante le [[incidento del Sinu de Tonkin]], que contribueva al [[escalation]] del participation del Statos Unite in le [[Guerra de Vietnam]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Shane |first=Scott |date=October 31, 2005 |title=Vietnam Study, CastingDoubts, Remains Secret |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=February 19, 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260219063312/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/31/politics/vietnam-study-castingdoubts-remains-secret.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Documentos posteriorimente desclassificate revelava que le NSA malinterpretava o exagerava le intelligentia de signal, conducente a reportos de un secunde attacco [[del Vietnam del Nord]] que probabilemente nunquam occurreva.<ref>{{Cite news |date=August 29, 2018 |title=Matthew M. Aid, independent researcher who wrote a history of the NSA, dies at 60 |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html |access-date=February 2, 2025 |newspaper=The Washington Post |archive-date=October 24, 2020 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20201024185922/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/matthew-m-aid-independent-researcher-who-wrote-a-history-of-the-nsa-dies-at-60/2018/08/28/31f99e98-aad6-11e8-b1da-ff7faa680710_story.html] |url-status=live }}</ref> Le agentia ha etiam essite subjecte a scrutinio pro [[#Guerra de Vietnam|spiar super le duces anti-Guerra de Vietnam]] e pro le participation del agentia in [[espionage economic]]. In 2013, le NSA habeva multe de su programas secrete de survigilantia [[Revelationes global de survigilantia (2013–presente)|revelate al publico]] per [[Edward Snowden]], un ex-contractante del NSA. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Agentia National de Securitate| ]] [[Categoria:Organisationes american]] [[Categoria:Organisationes de securitate informatic]] [[Categoria:Agentias governamental]] [[Categoria:Agentias de analyse de intelligentia]] [[Categoria:Survigilantia massive]] [[Categoria:Agentias de intelligentia de signal]] [[Categoria:Sitos de supercomputatores]] [[Categoria:Agentias del Departimento de Defensa del Statos Unite]] [[Categoria:Secreto governamental del Statos Unite]] 2ss0v1pp0d4j45r06vom2b61ro650xu 1 61251 699871 2026-09-12T17:30:17Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “{{Traduction|en|National Security Agency|1370864840}} ~~~~” 699871 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Traduction|en|National Security Agency|1370864840}} [[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 17:30, 12 septembre 2026 (UTC) 0lp2vkhqzfw29dap1p34u4t467f0kcc 0 61252 699878 2026-09-12T19:35:41Z Interlingvisto 60932 Interlingvisto ha renominate le pagina [[Provincia Toledo]] a [[Provincia de Toledo]], superscribente un redirection 699878 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Provincia de Toledo]] flg8xwlmn08v0rq2dj9o84bfkv0awz5 0 61253 699880 2026-09-12T19:55:37Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “[[File:BNF Fr 4274 8v knight detail.jpg|thumb|Investitura de un cavallero (miniatura del statutos del Ordine del Nodo, fundate in 1352 per Ludovico I de Neapole.]] '''Feudalismo''', tamben cognoscite como le '''systema feudal''', era un combination de varie institutiones e costumes legal, economic, militar, cultural, religiose e politic, generalmente cohesive e convergente, que floriva in [[Medio Evo|Europa medieval]] del seculos 9 al 15. Definite in senso large, ill...” 699880 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BNF Fr 4274 8v knight detail.jpg|thumb|Investitura de un cavallero (miniatura del statutos del Ordine del Nodo, fundate in 1352 per Ludovico I de Neapole.]] '''Feudalismo''', tamben cognoscite como le '''systema feudal''', era un combination de varie institutiones e costumes legal, economic, militar, cultural, religiose e politic, generalmente cohesive e convergente, que floriva in [[Medio Evo|Europa medieval]] del seculos 9 al 15. Definite in senso large, illo era un modo de structurar le societate circa relationes derivate del tenentia de terra in excambio de servicio o labor. Le definition classic, per [[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944),<ref name=ganshof>[[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''. Traducite in anglese per [[Philip Grierson]] como ''Feudalism'', con un prefacio de [[F. M. Stenton]], 1e ed.: New York e London, 1952; 2e ed.: 1961; 3e ed.: 1976.</ref> describe un insimul de obligationes legal e [[Guerra medieval|militar]] reciproc del [[nobilitate]] guerrere e girava circa le conceptos clave de [[seniores]], [[vassallos]] e [[feudos]].<ref name=ganshof/> Un definition plus ample, como describite per [[Marc Bloch]] (1939), include non solmente le obligationes del nobilitate guerrere, sed le obligationes de tote le tres [[estates of the realm|statos del regno]]: le [[nobilitate]], le [[clero]] e le [[paisaneria]], qui omnes esseva ligate per un systema de [[manorialismo]]; isto es a vices appellate un "societate feudal". Ben que illo es derivate del parola latin ''feodum'' o ''feudum'' (feudo),<ref>''feodum'' – vide {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfgUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA365 |title=The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law |first1=Walter A. |last1=Shumaker |year=1901 |publisher=George Foster Longsdorf |pages=365, 1901 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> que esseva usate durante le periodo medieval, le termino ''feudalismo'' e le systema que illo describe non esseva concipite como un [[systema politic]] formal per le personas qui viveva durante le Medievo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Noble |first=Thomas |title=The Foundations of Western Civilization |publisher=[[The Teaching Company]] |location=Chantilly, VA |year=2002 |isbn=978-1565856370 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofwes04nobl}}</ref> Desde le publication de «''The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe''» (1974) de [[Elizabeth A. R. Brown]] e de ''Fiefs and Vassals'' (1994) de [[Susan Reynolds]], ha existite un discussion continue e inconcludente inter le historicos medieval sur si le feudalismo es un constructo utile pro comprender le societate medieval.{{refn|<ref name=ebo>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034150/feudalism |title=Feudalism |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth A. R. |author-link=Elizabeth A. R. Brown |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]}}</ref><ref name=ebrown/>{{sfn|Reynolds|1994|p=}}{{pn|date=November 2025}}<ref name="halsall">{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |title=Feudalism? |first=Paul |last=Halsall |author-link=Paul Halsall |website=[[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018025458/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |archive-date=18 October 2014 |access-date=4 November 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |title=The Problem of Feudalism: An Historiographical Essay |first=Robert |last=Harbison |date=1996 |website=[[Western Kentucky University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229034347/http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |archive-date=29 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Charles |last=West |title=[[Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Political and Social Transformation Between Marne and Moselle, c. 800–c. 1100]] |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=2013}}</ref>}} Alcun eruditos ha tamben applicate le etiquetta foras de Europa, includente [[Historia de Japon#Japon_Feudal|le Japon feudal]], le Ethiopia medieval,<ref name="jessee1996" /> le China del periodo del Primaveras e Autumnos, le [[Egypto antique]], le [[Imperio Parthic]], [[Feudalismo indian|le India usque al dynastia mughal]], le le Sud antebellic e le leges de Jim Crow in le sud del Statos Unite<ref name="jessee1996" /><ref name="ebo" />, e le Mongolia e Asia Central premoderne.<ref>Academico Sh. Natsagdorj. “[http://www.jstor.org/stable/311836 The Economic Basis of Feudalism in Mongolia].” Modern Asian Studies 1, no. 3 (1967): 265–81.</ref><ref>[[Christopher Atwood]]. ''Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire'' (Nove York: Facts on File: 2004), p. 217</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Feudalismo]] [[Categoria:Systemas economic]] [[Categoria:Systemas politic]] [[Categoria:Systemas social]] pkdvyuipok9u4rv80gqgo4ead2wmeoo 699881 699880 2026-09-12T19:55:51Z Interlingvisto 60932 699881 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BNF Fr 4274 8v knight detail.jpg|thumb|Investitura de un cavallero (miniatura del statutos del Ordine del Nodo, fundate in 1352 per Ludovico I de Neapole.]] '''Feudalismo''', tamben cognoscite como le '''systema feudal''', era un combination de varie institutiones e costumes legal, economic, militar, cultural, religiose e politic, generalmente cohesive e convergente, que floriva in [[Medio Evo|Europa medieval]] del seculos 9 al 15. Definite in senso large, illo era un modo de structurar le societate circa relationes derivate del tenentia de terra in excambio de servicio o labor. Le definition classic, per [[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944),<ref name=ganshof>[[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''. Traducite in anglese per [[Philip Grierson]] como ''Feudalism'', con un prefacio de [[F. M. Stenton]], 1e ed.: New York e London, 1952; 2e ed.: 1961; 3e ed.: 1976.</ref> describe un insimul de obligationes legal e [[Guerra medieval|militar]] reciproc del [[nobilitate]] guerrere e girava circa le conceptos clave de [[seniores]], [[vassallos]] e [[feudos]].<ref name=ganshof/> Un definition plus ample, como describite per [[Marc Bloch]] (1939), include non solmente le obligationes del nobilitate guerrere, sed le obligationes de tote le tres [[estates of the realm|statos del regno]]: le [[nobilitate]], le [[clero]] e le [[paisaneria]], qui omnes esseva ligate per un systema de [[manorialismo]]; isto es a vices appellate un "societate feudal". Ben que illo es derivate del parola latin ''feodum'' o ''feudum'' (feudo),<ref>''feodum'' – vide {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfgUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA365 |title=The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law |first1=Walter A. |last1=Shumaker |year=1901 |publisher=George Foster Longsdorf |pages=365, 1901 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> que esseva usate durante le periodo medieval, le termino ''feudalismo'' e le systema que illo describe non esseva concipite como un [[systema politic]] formal per le personas qui viveva durante le Medievo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Noble |first=Thomas |title=The Foundations of Western Civilization |publisher=[[The Teaching Company]] |location=Chantilly, VA |year=2002 |isbn=978-1565856370 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofwes04nobl}}</ref> Desde le publication de «''The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe''» (1974) de [[Elizabeth A. R. Brown]] e de ''Fiefs and Vassals'' (1994) de [[Susan Reynolds]], ha existite un discussion continue e inconcludente inter le historicos medieval sur si le feudalismo es un constructo utile pro comprender le societate medieval.{{refn|<ref name=ebo>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034150/feudalism |title=Feudalism |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth A. R. |author-link=Elizabeth A. R. Brown |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Reynolds|1994|p=}}{{pn|date=November 2025}}<ref name="halsall">{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |title=Feudalism? |first=Paul |last=Halsall |author-link=Paul Halsall |website=[[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018025458/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |archive-date=18 October 2014 |access-date=4 November 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |title=The Problem of Feudalism: An Historiographical Essay |first=Robert |last=Harbison |date=1996 |website=[[Western Kentucky University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229034347/http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |archive-date=29 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Charles |last=West |title=[[Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Political and Social Transformation Between Marne and Moselle, c. 800–c. 1100]] |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=2013}}</ref>}} Alcun eruditos ha tamben applicate le etiquetta foras de Europa, includente [[Historia de Japon#Japon_Feudal|le Japon feudal]], le Ethiopia medieval,<ref name="jessee1996" /> le China del periodo del Primaveras e Autumnos, le [[Egypto antique]], le [[Imperio Parthic]], [[Feudalismo indian|le India usque al dynastia mughal]], le le Sud antebellic e le leges de Jim Crow in le sud del Statos Unite<ref name="jessee1996" /><ref name="ebo" />, e le Mongolia e Asia Central premoderne.<ref>Academico Sh. Natsagdorj. “[http://www.jstor.org/stable/311836 The Economic Basis of Feudalism in Mongolia].” Modern Asian Studies 1, no. 3 (1967): 265–81.</ref><ref>[[Christopher Atwood]]. ''Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire'' (Nove York: Facts on File: 2004), p. 217</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Feudalismo]] [[Categoria:Systemas economic]] [[Categoria:Systemas politic]] [[Categoria:Systemas social]] e4lohf2xlswzscmdpxzl1wpjfkbma3u 699882 699881 2026-09-12T19:56:09Z Interlingvisto 60932 699882 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BNF Fr 4274 8v knight detail.jpg|thumb|Investitura de un cavallero (miniatura del statutos del Ordine del Nodo, fundate in 1352 per Ludovico I de Neapole.]] '''Feudalismo''', tamben cognoscite como le '''systema feudal''', era un combination de varie institutiones e costumes legal, economic, militar, cultural, religiose e politic, generalmente cohesive e convergente, que floriva in [[Medio Evo|Europa medieval]] del seculos 9 al 15. Definite in senso large, illo era un modo de structurar le societate circa relationes derivate del tenentia de terra in excambio de servicio o labor. Le definition classic, per [[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944),<ref name=ganshof>[[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''. Traducite in anglese per [[Philip Grierson]] como ''Feudalism'', con un prefacio de [[F. M. Stenton]], 1e ed.: New York e London, 1952; 2e ed.: 1961; 3e ed.: 1976.</ref> describe un insimul de obligationes legal e [[Guerra medieval|militar]] reciproc del [[nobilitate]] guerrere e girava circa le conceptos clave de [[seniores]], [[vassallos]] e [[feudos]].<ref name=ganshof/> Un definition plus ample, como describite per [[Marc Bloch]] (1939), include non solmente le obligationes del nobilitate guerrere, sed le obligationes de tote le tres [[estates of the realm|statos del regno]]: le [[nobilitate]], le [[clero]] e le [[paisaneria]], qui omnes esseva ligate per un systema de [[manorialismo]]; isto es a vices appellate un "societate feudal". Ben que illo es derivate del parola latin ''feodum'' o ''feudum'' (feudo),<ref>''feodum'' – vide {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfgUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA365 |title=The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law |first1=Walter A. |last1=Shumaker |year=1901 |publisher=George Foster Longsdorf |pages=365, 1901 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> que esseva usate durante le periodo medieval, le termino ''feudalismo'' e le systema que illo describe non esseva concipite como un [[systema politic]] formal per le personas qui viveva durante le Medievo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Noble |first=Thomas |title=The Foundations of Western Civilization |publisher=[[The Teaching Company]] |location=Chantilly, VA |year=2002 |isbn=978-1565856370 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofwes04nobl}}</ref> Desde le publication de «''The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe''» (1974) de [[Elizabeth A. R. Brown]] e de ''Fiefs and Vassals'' (1994) de [[Susan Reynolds]], ha existite un discussion continue e inconcludente inter le historicos medieval sur si le feudalismo es un constructo utile pro comprender le societate medieval.{{refn|<ref name=ebo>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034150/feudalism |title=Feudalism |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth A. R. |author-link=Elizabeth A. R. Brown |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Reynolds|1994|p=}}{{pn|date=November 2025}}<ref name="halsall">{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |title=Feudalism? |first=Paul |last=Halsall |author-link=Paul Halsall |website=[[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018025458/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |archive-date=18 October 2014 |access-date=4 November 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |title=The Problem of Feudalism: An Historiographical Essay |first=Robert |last=Harbison |date=1996 |website=[[Western Kentucky University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229034347/http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |archive-date=29 February 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Charles |last=West |title=[[Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Political and Social Transformation Between Marne and Moselle, c. 800–c. 1100]] |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=2013}}</ref>}} Alcun eruditos ha tamben applicate le etiquetta foras de Europa, includente [[Historia de Japon#Japon_Feudal|le Japon feudal]], le Ethiopia medieval, le China del periodo del Primaveras e Autumnos, le [[Egypto antique]], le [[Imperio Parthic]], [[Feudalismo indian|le India usque al dynastia mughal]], le le Sud antebellic e le leges de Jim Crow in le sud del Statos Unite<ref name="ebo" />, e le Mongolia e Asia Central premoderne.<ref>Academico Sh. Natsagdorj. “[http://www.jstor.org/stable/311836 The Economic Basis of Feudalism in Mongolia].” Modern Asian Studies 1, no. 3 (1967): 265–81.</ref><ref>[[Christopher Atwood]]. ''Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire'' (Nove York: Facts on File: 2004), p. 217</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Feudalismo]] [[Categoria:Systemas economic]] [[Categoria:Systemas politic]] [[Categoria:Systemas social]] 3zt7k03ns61davwwe7n4qgrg8cinhxn 699948 699882 2026-09-13T01:12:40Z InternetArchiveBot 40773 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 699948 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:BNF Fr 4274 8v knight detail.jpg|thumb|Investitura de un cavallero (miniatura del statutos del Ordine del Nodo, fundate in 1352 per Ludovico I de Neapole.]] '''Feudalismo''', tamben cognoscite como le '''systema feudal''', era un combination de varie institutiones e costumes legal, economic, militar, cultural, religiose e politic, generalmente cohesive e convergente, que floriva in [[Medio Evo|Europa medieval]] del seculos 9 al 15. Definite in senso large, illo era un modo de structurar le societate circa relationes derivate del tenentia de terra in excambio de servicio o labor. Le definition classic, per [[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944),<ref name=ganshof>[[François Louis Ganshof]] (1944). ''Qu'est-ce que la féodalité''. Traducite in anglese per [[Philip Grierson]] como ''Feudalism'', con un prefacio de [[F. M. Stenton]], 1e ed.: New York e London, 1952; 2e ed.: 1961; 3e ed.: 1976.</ref> describe un insimul de obligationes legal e [[Guerra medieval|militar]] reciproc del [[nobilitate]] guerrere e girava circa le conceptos clave de [[seniores]], [[vassallos]] e [[feudos]].<ref name=ganshof/> Un definition plus ample, como describite per [[Marc Bloch]] (1939), include non solmente le obligationes del nobilitate guerrere, sed le obligationes de tote le tres [[estates of the realm|statos del regno]]: le [[nobilitate]], le [[clero]] e le [[paisaneria]], qui omnes esseva ligate per un systema de [[manorialismo]]; isto es a vices appellate un "societate feudal". Ben que illo es derivate del parola latin ''feodum'' o ''feudum'' (feudo),<ref>''feodum'' – vide {{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KfgUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA365 |title=The Cyclopedic Dictionary of Law |first1=Walter A. |last1=Shumaker |year=1901 |publisher=George Foster Longsdorf |pages=365, 1901 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> que esseva usate durante le periodo medieval, le termino ''feudalismo'' e le systema que illo describe non esseva concipite como un [[systema politic]] formal per le personas qui viveva durante le Medievo.<ref>{{cite book |last=Noble |first=Thomas |title=The Foundations of Western Civilization |publisher=[[The Teaching Company]] |location=Chantilly, VA |year=2002 |isbn=978-1565856370 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/foundationsofwes04nobl}}</ref> Desde le publication de «''The Tyranny of a Construct: Feudalism and Historians of Medieval Europe''» (1974) de [[Elizabeth A. R. Brown]] e de ''Fiefs and Vassals'' (1994) de [[Susan Reynolds]], ha existite un discussion continue e inconcludente inter le historicos medieval sur si le feudalismo es un constructo utile pro comprender le societate medieval.{{refn|<ref name=ebo>{{cite web |url=https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9034150/feudalism |title=Feudalism |last=Brown |first=Elizabeth A. R. |author-link=Elizabeth A. R. Brown |website=[[Encyclopædia Britannica Online]]}}</ref>{{sfn|Reynolds|1994|p=}}{{pn|date=November 2025}}<ref name="halsall">{{cite web |url=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |title=Feudalism? |first=Paul |last=Halsall |author-link=Paul Halsall |website=[[Internet Medieval Sourcebook]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018025458/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1i.html#Feudalism |archive-date=18 October 2014 |access-date=4 November 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="auto">{{cite web |url=http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |title=The Problem of Feudalism: An Historiographical Essay |first=Robert |last=Harbison |date=1996 |website=[[Western Kentucky University]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229034347/http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html |archive-date=29 February 2008 |accessdate=12 September 2026 |archivedate=29 February 2008 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229034347/http://www.wku.edu/~rob.harbison/projects/Gfeudal.html }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Charles |last=West |title=[[Reframing the Feudal Revolution: Political and Social Transformation Between Marne and Moselle, c. 800–c. 1100]] |location=Cambridge |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |date=2013}}</ref>}} Alcun eruditos ha tamben applicate le etiquetta foras de Europa, includente [[Historia de Japon#Japon_Feudal|le Japon feudal]], le Ethiopia medieval, le China del periodo del Primaveras e Autumnos, le [[Egypto antique]], le [[Imperio Parthic]], [[Feudalismo indian|le India usque al dynastia mughal]], le le Sud antebellic e le leges de Jim Crow in le sud del Statos Unite<ref name="ebo" />, e le Mongolia e Asia Central premoderne.<ref>Academico Sh. Natsagdorj. “[http://www.jstor.org/stable/311836 The Economic Basis of Feudalism in Mongolia].” Modern Asian Studies 1, no. 3 (1967): 265–81.</ref><ref>[[Christopher Atwood]]. ''Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire'' (Nove York: Facts on File: 2004), p. 217</ref> {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Feudalismo]] [[Categoria:Systemas economic]] [[Categoria:Systemas politic]] [[Categoria:Systemas social]] 4p9uty5mpnr83psepuwgv5gx534ot1u 1 61254 699883 2026-09-12T19:56:54Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “{{Traduction|en|Feudalism|1373659851}} ~~~~” 699883 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Traduction|en|Feudalism|1373659851}} [[Usator:Interlingvisto|Interlingvisto]] ([[Discussion Usator:Interlingvisto|discussion]]) 19:56, 12 septembre 2026 (UTC) 0asoa2y0toyd11dsl839gxfe6znsuab 10 61255 699889 2026-09-12T20:28:04Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “{{Navbox | name = Departments of France | title = [[Departments of France]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Departments of France|Metropolitan]] | list1 = * 01&nbsp;[[Ain]] * 02&nbsp;[[Aisne]] * 03&nbsp;[[Allier]] * 04&nbsp;[[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] * 05&nbsp;[[Hautes-Alpes]] * 06&nbsp;[[Alpes-Maritimes]] * 07&nbsp;[[Ardèche]] * 08&nbsp;[[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]] * 09&nbsp;[[Ariège (department)|Ariège]] * 10&nbsp;[[Aube]] * 11&nbsp;[[Aude]] * 12...” 699889 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Departments of France | title = [[Departments of France]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Departments of France|Metropolitan]] | list1 = * 01&nbsp;[[Ain]] * 02&nbsp;[[Aisne]] * 03&nbsp;[[Allier]] * 04&nbsp;[[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] * 05&nbsp;[[Hautes-Alpes]] * 06&nbsp;[[Alpes-Maritimes]] * 07&nbsp;[[Ardèche]] * 08&nbsp;[[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]] * 09&nbsp;[[Ariège (department)|Ariège]] * 10&nbsp;[[Aube]] * 11&nbsp;[[Aude]] * 12&nbsp;[[Aveyron]] * 13&nbsp;[[Bouches-du-Rhône]] * 14&nbsp;[[Calvados (department)|Calvados]] * 15&nbsp;[[Cantal]] * 16&nbsp;[[Charente]] * 17&nbsp;[[Charente-Maritime]] * 18&nbsp;[[Cher (department)|Cher]] * 19&nbsp;[[Corrèze]] * 2A&nbsp;[[Corse-du-Sud]] * 2B&nbsp;[[Haute-Corse]] * 21&nbsp;[[Côte-d'Or]] * 22&nbsp;[[Côtes-d'Armor]] * 23&nbsp;[[Creuse]] * 24&nbsp;[[Dordogne]] * 25&nbsp;[[Doubs]] * 26&nbsp;[[Drôme]] * 27&nbsp;[[Eure]] * 28&nbsp;[[Eure-et-Loir]] * 29&nbsp;[[Finistère]] * 30&nbsp;[[Gard]] * 31&nbsp;[[Haute-Garonne]] * 32&nbsp;[[Gers]] * 33&nbsp;[[Gironde]] * 34&nbsp;[[Hérault]] * 35&nbsp;[[Ille-et-Vilaine]] * 36&nbsp;[[Indre]] * 37&nbsp;[[Indre-et-Loire]] * 38&nbsp;[[Isère]] * 39&nbsp;[[Jura (department)|Jura]] * 40&nbsp;[[Landes (department)|Landes]] * 41&nbsp;[[Loir-et-Cher]] * 42&nbsp;[[Loire (department)|Loire]] * 43&nbsp;[[Haute-Loire]] * 44&nbsp;[[Loire-Atlantique]] * 45&nbsp;[[Loiret]] * 46&nbsp;[[Lot (department)|Lot]] * 47&nbsp;[[Lot-et-Garonne]] * 48&nbsp;[[Lozère]] * 49&nbsp;[[Maine-et-Loire]] * 50&nbsp;[[Manche]] * 51&nbsp;[[Marne (department)|Marne]] * 52&nbsp;[[Haute-Marne]] * 53&nbsp;[[Mayenne]] * 54&nbsp;[[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] * 55&nbsp;[[Meuse (department)|Meuse]] * 56&nbsp;[[Morbihan]] * 57&nbsp;[[Moselle (department)|Moselle]] * 58&nbsp;[[Nièvre]] * 59&nbsp;[[Nord (French department)|Nord]] * 60&nbsp;[[Oise]] * 61&nbsp;[[Orne]] * 62&nbsp;[[Pas-de-Calais]] * 63&nbsp;[[Puy-de-Dôme]] * 64&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] * 65&nbsp;[[Hautes-Pyrénées]] * 66&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Orientales]] * 67&nbsp;[[Bas-Rhin]] * 68&nbsp;[[Haut-Rhin]] * 69D&nbsp;[[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] * 70&nbsp;[[Haute-Saône]] * 71&nbsp;[[Saône-et-Loire]] * 72&nbsp;[[Sarthe]] * 73&nbsp;[[Savoie]] * 74&nbsp;[[Haute-Savoie]] * 76&nbsp;[[Seine-Maritime]] * 77&nbsp;[[Seine-et-Marne]] * 78&nbsp;[[Yvelines]] * 79&nbsp;[[Deux-Sèvres]] * 80&nbsp;[[Somme (department)|Somme]] * 81&nbsp;[[Tarn (department)|Tarn]] * 82&nbsp;[[Tarn-et-Garonne]] * 83&nbsp;[[Var (department)|Var]] * 84&nbsp;[[Vaucluse]] * 85&nbsp;[[Vendée]] * 86&nbsp;[[Vienne (department)|Vienne]] * 87&nbsp;[[Haute-Vienne]] * 88&nbsp;[[Vosges (department)|Vosges]] * 89&nbsp;[[Yonne]] * 90&nbsp;[[Territoire de Belfort]] * 91&nbsp;[[Essonne]] * 92&nbsp;[[Hauts-de-Seine]] * 93&nbsp;[[Seine-Saint-Denis]] * 94&nbsp;[[Val-de-Marne]] * 95&nbsp;[[Val-d'Oise]] | group2 = [[Overseas department|Overseas]] | list2 = * 971 [[Guadeloupe]] * 972 [[Martinique]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 973 [[French Guiana]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 974 [[Réunion]] * 976 [[Mayotte]] | group3 = Special | list3 = * 69M [[Metropolis of Lyon|Lyon]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> * 75 [[Paris]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> | group4 = Former | list4 = * 975 [[Saint Pierre e Miquelon]] <small>''(Overseas collectivity)''</small> }}<noinclude>[[Categoria:Patronos de georaphia]] </noinclude> don00qtn3m92vhj47iznpe106ogtiuj 699890 699889 2026-09-12T20:30:16Z Interlingvisto 60932 699890 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese | title = [[Departimentos de Francia]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Departimentos de Francia|Metropolitan]] | list1 = * 01&nbsp;[[Ain]] * 02&nbsp;[[Aisne]] * 03&nbsp;[[Allier]] * 04&nbsp;[[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] * 05&nbsp;[[Hautes-Alpes]] * 06&nbsp;[[Alpes-Maritimes]] * 07&nbsp;[[Ardèche]] * 08&nbsp;[[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]] * 09&nbsp;[[Ariège (department)|Ariège]] * 10&nbsp;[[Aube]] * 11&nbsp;[[Aude]] * 12&nbsp;[[Aveyron]] * 13&nbsp;[[Bouches-du-Rhône]] * 14&nbsp;[[Calvados (department)|Calvados]] * 15&nbsp;[[Cantal]] * 16&nbsp;[[Charente]] * 17&nbsp;[[Charente-Maritime]] * 18&nbsp;[[Cher (department)|Cher]] * 19&nbsp;[[Corrèze]] * 2A&nbsp;[[Corse-du-Sud]] * 2B&nbsp;[[Haute-Corse]] * 21&nbsp;[[Côte-d'Or]] * 22&nbsp;[[Côtes-d'Armor]] * 23&nbsp;[[Creuse]] * 24&nbsp;[[Dordogne]] * 25&nbsp;[[Doubs]] * 26&nbsp;[[Drôme]] * 27&nbsp;[[Eure]] * 28&nbsp;[[Eure-et-Loir]] * 29&nbsp;[[Finistère]] * 30&nbsp;[[Gard]] * 31&nbsp;[[Haute-Garonne]] * 32&nbsp;[[Gers]] * 33&nbsp;[[Gironde]] * 34&nbsp;[[Hérault]] * 35&nbsp;[[Ille-et-Vilaine]] * 36&nbsp;[[Indre]] * 37&nbsp;[[Indre-et-Loire]] * 38&nbsp;[[Isère]] * 39&nbsp;[[Jura (department)|Jura]] * 40&nbsp;[[Landes (department)|Landes]] * 41&nbsp;[[Loir-et-Cher]] * 42&nbsp;[[Loire (department)|Loire]] * 43&nbsp;[[Haute-Loire]] * 44&nbsp;[[Loire-Atlantique]] * 45&nbsp;[[Loiret]] * 46&nbsp;[[Lot (department)|Lot]] * 47&nbsp;[[Lot-et-Garonne]] * 48&nbsp;[[Lozère]] * 49&nbsp;[[Maine-et-Loire]] * 50&nbsp;[[Manche]] * 51&nbsp;[[Marne (department)|Marne]] * 52&nbsp;[[Haute-Marne]] * 53&nbsp;[[Mayenne]] * 54&nbsp;[[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] * 55&nbsp;[[Meuse (department)|Meuse]] * 56&nbsp;[[Morbihan]] * 57&nbsp;[[Moselle (department)|Moselle]] * 58&nbsp;[[Nièvre]] * 59&nbsp;[[Nord (French department)|Nord]] * 60&nbsp;[[Oise]] * 61&nbsp;[[Orne]] * 62&nbsp;[[Pas-de-Calais]] * 63&nbsp;[[Puy-de-Dôme]] * 64&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] * 65&nbsp;[[Hautes-Pyrénées]] * 66&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Orientales]] * 67&nbsp;[[Bas-Rhin]] * 68&nbsp;[[Haut-Rhin]] * 69D&nbsp;[[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] * 70&nbsp;[[Haute-Saône]] * 71&nbsp;[[Saône-et-Loire]] * 72&nbsp;[[Sarthe]] * 73&nbsp;[[Savoie]] * 74&nbsp;[[Haute-Savoie]] * 76&nbsp;[[Seine-Maritime]] * 77&nbsp;[[Seine-et-Marne]] * 78&nbsp;[[Yvelines]] * 79&nbsp;[[Deux-Sèvres]] * 80&nbsp;[[Somme (department)|Somme]] * 81&nbsp;[[Tarn (department)|Tarn]] * 82&nbsp;[[Tarn-et-Garonne]] * 83&nbsp;[[Var (department)|Var]] * 84&nbsp;[[Vaucluse]] * 85&nbsp;[[Vendée]] * 86&nbsp;[[Vienne (department)|Vienne]] * 87&nbsp;[[Haute-Vienne]] * 88&nbsp;[[Vosges (department)|Vosges]] * 89&nbsp;[[Yonne]] * 90&nbsp;[[Territoire de Belfort]] * 91&nbsp;[[Essonne]] * 92&nbsp;[[Hauts-de-Seine]] * 93&nbsp;[[Seine-Saint-Denis]] * 94&nbsp;[[Val-de-Marne]] * 95&nbsp;[[Val-d'Oise]] | group2 = [[Departimentos de ultramar|Ultramar]] | list2 = * 971 [[Guadeloupe]] * 972 [[Martinique]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 973 [[French Guiana]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 974 [[Réunion]] * 976 [[Mayotte]] | group3 = Special | list3 = * 69M [[Metropolis of Lyon|Lyon]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> * 75 [[Paris]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> | group4 = Former | list4 = * 975 [[Saint Pierre e Miquelon]] <small>''(Overseas collectivity)''</small> }}<noinclude>[[Categoria:Patronos de georaphia]] </noinclude> mar0f60s1xdvkpx5idmcff5qv5j39ur 699891 699890 2026-09-12T20:30:25Z Interlingvisto 60932 699891 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese | title = [[Departimentos de Francia]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Departimentos de Francia|Metropolitan]] | list1 = * 01&nbsp;[[Ain]] * 02&nbsp;[[Aisne]] * 03&nbsp;[[Allier]] * 04&nbsp;[[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] * 05&nbsp;[[Hautes-Alpes]] * 06&nbsp;[[Alpes-Maritimes]] * 07&nbsp;[[Ardèche]] * 08&nbsp;[[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]] * 09&nbsp;[[Ariège (department)|Ariège]] * 10&nbsp;[[Aube]] * 11&nbsp;[[Aude]] * 12&nbsp;[[Aveyron]] * 13&nbsp;[[Bouches-du-Rhône]] * 14&nbsp;[[Calvados (department)|Calvados]] * 15&nbsp;[[Cantal]] * 16&nbsp;[[Charente]] * 17&nbsp;[[Charente-Maritime]] * 18&nbsp;[[Cher (department)|Cher]] * 19&nbsp;[[Corrèze]] * 2A&nbsp;[[Corse-du-Sud]] * 2B&nbsp;[[Haute-Corse]] * 21&nbsp;[[Côte-d'Or]] * 22&nbsp;[[Côtes-d'Armor]] * 23&nbsp;[[Creuse]] * 24&nbsp;[[Dordogne]] * 25&nbsp;[[Doubs]] * 26&nbsp;[[Drôme]] * 27&nbsp;[[Eure]] * 28&nbsp;[[Eure-et-Loir]] * 29&nbsp;[[Finistère]] * 30&nbsp;[[Gard]] * 31&nbsp;[[Haute-Garonne]] * 32&nbsp;[[Gers]] * 33&nbsp;[[Gironde]] * 34&nbsp;[[Hérault]] * 35&nbsp;[[Ille-et-Vilaine]] * 36&nbsp;[[Indre]] * 37&nbsp;[[Indre-et-Loire]] * 38&nbsp;[[Isère]] * 39&nbsp;[[Jura (department)|Jura]] * 40&nbsp;[[Landes (department)|Landes]] * 41&nbsp;[[Loir-et-Cher]] * 42&nbsp;[[Loire (department)|Loire]] * 43&nbsp;[[Haute-Loire]] * 44&nbsp;[[Loire-Atlantique]] * 45&nbsp;[[Loiret]] * 46&nbsp;[[Lot (department)|Lot]] * 47&nbsp;[[Lot-et-Garonne]] * 48&nbsp;[[Lozère]] * 49&nbsp;[[Maine-et-Loire]] * 50&nbsp;[[Manche]] * 51&nbsp;[[Marne (department)|Marne]] * 52&nbsp;[[Haute-Marne]] * 53&nbsp;[[Mayenne]] * 54&nbsp;[[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] * 55&nbsp;[[Meuse (department)|Meuse]] * 56&nbsp;[[Morbihan]] * 57&nbsp;[[Moselle (department)|Moselle]] * 58&nbsp;[[Nièvre]] * 59&nbsp;[[Nord (French department)|Nord]] * 60&nbsp;[[Oise]] * 61&nbsp;[[Orne]] * 62&nbsp;[[Pas-de-Calais]] * 63&nbsp;[[Puy-de-Dôme]] * 64&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] * 65&nbsp;[[Hautes-Pyrénées]] * 66&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Orientales]] * 67&nbsp;[[Bas-Rhin]] * 68&nbsp;[[Haut-Rhin]] * 69D&nbsp;[[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] * 70&nbsp;[[Haute-Saône]] * 71&nbsp;[[Saône-et-Loire]] * 72&nbsp;[[Sarthe]] * 73&nbsp;[[Savoie]] * 74&nbsp;[[Haute-Savoie]] * 76&nbsp;[[Seine-Maritime]] * 77&nbsp;[[Seine-et-Marne]] * 78&nbsp;[[Yvelines]] * 79&nbsp;[[Deux-Sèvres]] * 80&nbsp;[[Somme (department)|Somme]] * 81&nbsp;[[Tarn (department)|Tarn]] * 82&nbsp;[[Tarn-et-Garonne]] * 83&nbsp;[[Var (department)|Var]] * 84&nbsp;[[Vaucluse]] * 85&nbsp;[[Vendée]] * 86&nbsp;[[Vienne (department)|Vienne]] * 87&nbsp;[[Haute-Vienne]] * 88&nbsp;[[Vosges (department)|Vosges]] * 89&nbsp;[[Yonne]] * 90&nbsp;[[Territoire de Belfort]] * 91&nbsp;[[Essonne]] * 92&nbsp;[[Hauts-de-Seine]] * 93&nbsp;[[Seine-Saint-Denis]] * 94&nbsp;[[Val-de-Marne]] * 95&nbsp;[[Val-d'Oise]] | group2 = [[Departimentos de ultramar|Ultramar]] | list2 = * 971 [[Guadeloupe]] * 972 [[Martinique]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 973 [[French Guiana]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 974 [[Réunion]] * 976 [[Mayotte]] | group3 = Special | list3 = * 69M [[Metropolis of Lyon|Lyon]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> * 75 [[Paris]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> | group4 = Former | list4 = * 975 [[Saint Pierre e Miquelon]] <small>''(Overseas collectivity)''</small> }}<noinclude>[[Categoria:Patronos de geographia]] </noinclude> lmq09fokqnldy5yyk6txwbdoigadq3i 699892 699891 2026-09-12T20:31:29Z Interlingvisto 60932 699892 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese | title = [[Departimentos de Francia]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Departimentos de Francia|Metropolitan]] | list1 = * 01&nbsp;[[Ain]] * 02&nbsp;[[Aisne]] * 03&nbsp;[[Allier]] * 04&nbsp;[[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] * 05&nbsp;[[Hautes-Alpes]] * 06&nbsp;[[Alpes-Maritimes]] * 07&nbsp;[[Ardèche]] * 08&nbsp;[[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]] * 09&nbsp;[[Ariège]] * 10&nbsp;[[Aube]] * 11&nbsp;[[Aude]] * 12&nbsp;[[Aveyron]] * 13&nbsp;[[Bouches-du-Rhône]] * 14&nbsp;[[Calvados (department)|Calvados]] * 15&nbsp;[[Cantal]] * 16&nbsp;[[Charente]] * 17&nbsp;[[Charente-Maritime]] * 18&nbsp;[[Cher (department)|Cher]] * 19&nbsp;[[Corrèze]] * 2A&nbsp;[[Corse-du-Sud]] * 2B&nbsp;[[Haute-Corse]] * 21&nbsp;[[Côte-d'Or]] * 22&nbsp;[[Côtes-d'Armor]] * 23&nbsp;[[Creuse]] * 24&nbsp;[[Dordogne]] * 25&nbsp;[[Doubs]] * 26&nbsp;[[Drôme]] * 27&nbsp;[[Eure]] * 28&nbsp;[[Eure-et-Loir]] * 29&nbsp;[[Finistère]] * 30&nbsp;[[Gard]] * 31&nbsp;[[Haute-Garonne]] * 32&nbsp;[[Gers]] * 33&nbsp;[[Gironde]] * 34&nbsp;[[Hérault]] * 35&nbsp;[[Ille-et-Vilaine]] * 36&nbsp;[[Indre]] * 37&nbsp;[[Indre-et-Loire]] * 38&nbsp;[[Isère]] * 39&nbsp;[[Jura (department)|Jura]] * 40&nbsp;[[Landes (department)|Landes]] * 41&nbsp;[[Loir-et-Cher]] * 42&nbsp;[[Loire (department)|Loire]] * 43&nbsp;[[Haute-Loire]] * 44&nbsp;[[Loire-Atlantique]] * 45&nbsp;[[Loiret]] * 46&nbsp;[[Lot (department)|Lot]] * 47&nbsp;[[Lot-et-Garonne]] * 48&nbsp;[[Lozère]] * 49&nbsp;[[Maine-et-Loire]] * 50&nbsp;[[Manche]] * 51&nbsp;[[Marne (department)|Marne]] * 52&nbsp;[[Haute-Marne]] * 53&nbsp;[[Mayenne]] * 54&nbsp;[[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] * 55&nbsp;[[Meuse (department)|Meuse]] * 56&nbsp;[[Morbihan]] * 57&nbsp;[[Moselle (department)|Moselle]] * 58&nbsp;[[Nièvre]] * 59&nbsp;[[Nord (French department)|Nord]] * 60&nbsp;[[Oise]] * 61&nbsp;[[Orne]] * 62&nbsp;[[Pas-de-Calais]] * 63&nbsp;[[Puy-de-Dôme]] * 64&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] * 65&nbsp;[[Hautes-Pyrénées]] * 66&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Orientales]] * 67&nbsp;[[Bas-Rhin]] * 68&nbsp;[[Alte Rheno]] * 69D&nbsp;[[Rhône (department)|Rhône]] * 70&nbsp;[[Alte Saône]] * 71&nbsp;[[Saône-et-Loire]] * 72&nbsp;[[Sarthe]] * 73&nbsp;[[Savoie]] * 74&nbsp;[[Haute-Savoie]] * 76&nbsp;[[Seine-Maritime]] * 77&nbsp;[[Seine-et-Marne]] * 78&nbsp;[[Yvelines]] * 79&nbsp;[[Deux-Sèvres]] * 80&nbsp;[[Somme (department)|Somme]] * 81&nbsp;[[Tarn (department)|Tarn]] * 82&nbsp;[[Tarn-et-Garonne]] * 83&nbsp;[[Var (department)|Var]] * 84&nbsp;[[Vaucluse]] * 85&nbsp;[[Vendée]] * 86&nbsp;[[Vienne (department)|Vienne]] * 87&nbsp;[[Haute-Vienne]] * 88&nbsp;[[Vosges (department)|Vosges]] * 89&nbsp;[[Yonne]] * 90&nbsp;[[Territoire de Belfort]] * 91&nbsp;[[Essonne]] * 92&nbsp;[[Hauts-de-Seine]] * 93&nbsp;[[Seine-Saint-Denis]] * 94&nbsp;[[Val-de-Marne]] * 95&nbsp;[[Val-d'Oise]] | group2 = [[Departimentos de ultramar|Ultramar]] | list2 = * 971 [[Guadeloupe]] * 972 [[Martinique]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 973 [[French Guiana]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 974 [[Réunion]] * 976 [[Mayotte]] | group3 = Special | list3 = * 69M [[Metropolis of Lyon|Lyon]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> * 75 [[Paris]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> | group4 = Former | list4 = * 975 [[Saint Pierre e Miquelon]] <small>''(Overseas collectivity)''</small> }}<noinclude>[[Categoria:Patronos de geographia]] </noinclude> 9nou6x66hzgdcf4c004c3f6xhgkbpqa 699903 699892 2026-09-12T20:38:15Z Interlingvisto 60932 699903 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Departimentos e metropole con stato de collectivitate territorial francese | title = [[Departimentos de Francia]] | listclass = hlist | group1 = [[Departimentos de Francia|Metropolitan]] | list1 = * 01&nbsp;[[Departimento de Ain|Ain]] * 02&nbsp;[[Aisne]] * 03&nbsp;[[Allier]] * 04&nbsp;[[Alpes-de-Haute-Provence]] * 05&nbsp;[[Hautes-Alpes]] * 06&nbsp;[[Alpes-Maritimes]] * 07&nbsp;[[Departimento de Ardeche|Ardèche]] * 08&nbsp;[[Ardennes (department)|Ardennes]] * 09&nbsp;[[Ariège]] * 10&nbsp;[[Aube]] * 11&nbsp;[[Aude]] * 12&nbsp;[[Aveyron]] * 13&nbsp;[[Bouches-du-Rhône]] * 14&nbsp;[[Calvados (department)|Calvados]] * 15&nbsp;[[Cantal]] * 16&nbsp;[[Charente]] * 17&nbsp;[[Charente-Maritime]] * 18&nbsp;[[Cher (department)|Cher]] * 19&nbsp;[[Corrèze]] * 2A&nbsp;[[Corse-du-Sud]] * 2B&nbsp;[[Haute-Corse]] * 21&nbsp;[[Côte-d'Or]] * 22&nbsp;[[Côtes-d'Armor]] * 23&nbsp;[[Creuse]] * 24&nbsp;[[Dordogne]] * 25&nbsp;[[Doubs]] * 26&nbsp;[[Departimento de Drome|Drôme]] * 27&nbsp;[[Eure]] * 28&nbsp;[[Eure-et-Loir]] * 29&nbsp;[[Finistère]] * 30&nbsp;[[Gard]] * 31&nbsp;[[Haute-Garonne]] * 32&nbsp;[[Gers]] * 33&nbsp;[[Gironde]] * 34&nbsp;[[Hérault]] * 35&nbsp;[[Ille-et-Vilaine]] * 36&nbsp;[[Indre]] * 37&nbsp;[[Indre-et-Loire]] * 38&nbsp;[[Departimento de Isere|Isère]] * 39&nbsp;[[Jura (department)|Jura]] * 40&nbsp;[[Landes (department)|Landes]] * 41&nbsp;[[Loir-et-Cher]] * 42&nbsp;[[Departimento de Loire|Loire]] * 43&nbsp;[[Departimento de Haute-Loire|Haute-Loire]] * 44&nbsp;[[Loire-Atlantique]] * 45&nbsp;[[Loiret]] * 46&nbsp;[[Lot (department)|Lot]] * 47&nbsp;[[Lot-et-Garonne]] * 48&nbsp;[[Departimento de Lozere|Lozère]] * 49&nbsp;[[Maine-et-Loire]] * 50&nbsp;[[Manche]] * 51&nbsp;[[Marne (department)|Marne]] * 52&nbsp;[[Haute-Marne]] * 53&nbsp;[[Mayenne]] * 54&nbsp;[[Meurthe-et-Moselle]] * 55&nbsp;[[Meuse (department)|Meuse]] * 56&nbsp;[[Morbihan]] * 57&nbsp;[[Mosella (departimento)|Moselle]] * 58&nbsp;[[Nièvre]] * 59&nbsp;[[Nord (French department)|Nord]] * 60&nbsp;[[Oise]] * 61&nbsp;[[Orne]] * 62&nbsp;[[Pas-de-Calais]] * 63&nbsp;[[Puy-de-Dôme]] * 64&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Atlantiques]] * 65&nbsp;[[Hautes-Pyrénées]] * 66&nbsp;[[Pyrénées-Orientales]] * 67&nbsp;[[Bas-Rhin]] * 68&nbsp;[[Alte Rheno]] * 69D&nbsp;[[Departimento de Rhone|Rhône]] * 70&nbsp;[[Alte Saône]] * 71&nbsp;[[Departimento de Saone-et-Loire|Saône-et-Loire]] * 72&nbsp;[[Sarthe]] * 73&nbsp;[[Departimento de Savoie|Savoie]] * 74&nbsp;[[Departimento de Haute-Savoie|Haute-Savoie]] * 76&nbsp;[[Seine-Maritime]] * 77&nbsp;[[Seine-et-Marne]] * 78&nbsp;[[Yvelines]] * 79&nbsp;[[Deux-Sèvres]] * 80&nbsp;[[Somme (department)|Somme]] * 81&nbsp;[[Tarn (department)|Tarn]] * 82&nbsp;[[Tarn-et-Garonne]] * 83&nbsp;[[Var]] * 84&nbsp;[[Vaucluse]] * 85&nbsp;[[Vendée]] * 86&nbsp;[[Vienne (department)|Vienne]] * 87&nbsp;[[Haute-Vienne]] * 88&nbsp;[[Vosges (department)|Vosges]] * 89&nbsp;[[Yonne]] * 90&nbsp;[[Territoire de Belfort]] * 91&nbsp;[[Essonne]] * 92&nbsp;[[Hauts-de-Seine]] * 93&nbsp;[[Seine-Saint-Denis]] * 94&nbsp;[[Val-de-Marne]] * 95&nbsp;[[Val-d'Oise]] | group2 = [[Departimentos de ultramar|Ultramar]] | list2 = * 971 [[Guadeloupe]] * 972 [[Martinique]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 973 [[French Guiana]] <small>''(territorial collectivity)''</small> * 974 [[Réunion]] * 976 [[Mayotte]] | group3 = Special | list3 = * 69M [[Metropolis of Lyon|Lyon]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> * 75 [[Paris]] <small>''(collectivity with special status)''</small> | group4 = Former | list4 = * 975 [[Saint Pierre e Miquelon]] <small>''(Overseas collectivity)''</small> }}<noinclude>[[Categoria:Patronos de geographia]] </noinclude> 8jo7oufys5wuyyob85fhz68ygymg1mu 0 61256 699917 2026-09-12T21:00:48Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “{{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Delcygate''' se refere a un controversia politic in Espania concernente un reunion in januario de 2020 inter le vicepresidente venezuelan Delcy Rodríguez e le ministro de transporto espaniol José Luis Ábalos al Aeroporto de Madrid-Barajas. Le episodio attraheva attention considerabile proque Rodríguez esseva subponite a restrictiones del Union Europee que le prohibiva intrar in le UE, e proque le circumstantias e le proposito de su...” 699917 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Delcygate''' se refere a un controversia politic in Espania concernente un reunion in januario de 2020 inter le vicepresidente venezuelan Delcy Rodríguez e le ministro de transporto espaniol José Luis Ábalos al Aeroporto de Madrid-Barajas. Le episodio attraheva attention considerabile proque Rodríguez esseva subponite a restrictiones del Union Europee que le prohibiva intrar in le UE, e proque le circumstantias e le proposito de su visita esseva initialmente pauc clar. Le controversia anque suscitava questiones super le implication del prime ministro espaniol Pedro Sánchez e super allegate negotiationes commercial ligate al delegation venezuelan. == Reunion al aeroporto == Rodríguez arrivava a Barajas durante le prime horas del 20 de januario 2020 in un avion private. Le autoritates espaniol non le permitteva intrar formalmente in Espania a causa del restrictiones del UE, sed nihilominus illa se incontrava con Ábalos e membros del delegationes espaniol e venezuelan intra le aeroporto. Secundo reportos, un altere reunion private habeva loco in un area VIP. Ábalos initialmente dava differente versiones del incontro, ben que plus tarde ille recognosceva que ille habeva incontrate Rodríguez e manteneva que su proposito habeva essite prevenir un problema diplomatic. Le episodio deveniva politicamente controversial in parte a causa del question de si Rodríguez habeva effectivemente entrate in territorio europee malgrado le restrictiones de viage. Partitos de opposition, includente le Partito Popular, Ciudadanos e Vox, criticava le gestion del visita per le governamento e exigeva explicationes e, in alicun casos, le demission de Ábalos. Le governamento argumentava que le intervention de Ábalos habeva prevenite un confrontation diplomatic plus ample. Anque emergeva reportos concernente communicationes inter Ábalos e Sánchez super le visita planificate de Rodríguez, lo que intensificava le questiones super quanto le prime ministro sapeva in avante. == Allegate negotiationes commercial == Le controversia se ligava plus tarde con investigationes super le homine de affaires espaniol Víctor de Aldama e lo que deveniva cognoscite de forma plus ample como le caso Koldo. Le investigatores examinava allegate negotiationes commercial que implicava Rodríguez, Aldama e interesses venezuelan. In 2024, secundo reportos, investigatores espaniol identificava documentos concernente le proponite vendita de 104 lingotes de auro venezuelan, valorate in approximativemente 68,5 milliones de dollares, assi como communicationes que ligava Aldama e functionarios espaniol a eventos circumjacente al visita de Rodríguez. Iste allegationes deveniva un dimension additional del controversia, ben que illos concerne pretensiones e investigationes plus tosto que un constatation judicial stabilite de que le reunion al aeroporto ipse constitueva un tal transaction. Un altere subjecto persistente de controversia esseva le bagage del delegation venezuelan. Reportos e accusationes politic pretendeva que le gruppo de Rodríguez apportava un quantitate substantial de bagage al aeroporto, con alicun versiones que faceva allegationes multo plus expansive super su contento. Iste allegationes deveniva prominente in le discussion politic e mediatic, sed le diverse pretensiones concernente grande quantitates de numerario o altere materiales non ha essite completemente stabilite como factos. Le question de lo que esseva de facto transportate remaneva per consequente parte del disputa politic plus ample, in loco de un aspecto resolvite del caso. == Procedimentos judicial e consequentias politic == Le controversia generava procedimentos judicial in Espania concernente si le presentia de Rodríguez a Barajas violava le restrictiones de entrata del UE e si Ábalos habeva committite un delicto per facilitar le incontro. Le tribunales espaniol in fin non trovava responsabilitate penal del parte de Ábalos in relation al allegate delicto, e le procedimentos concernente le episodio del aeroporto esseva claudite. Le tractamento del caso per le tribunales distingueva le controversia politic circumjacente al reunion del question de si existeva sufficiente probas pro stabilir responsabilitate penal. == Disveloppamentos posterior e legato == Delcygate continuava a attraher attention a mesura que investigationes posterior in le retes politic e commercial espaniol produceva nove documentos e communicationes concernente le eventos de januario de 2020. Le controversia per consequente se intrelaciava con investigationes plus ample super Ábalos, Aldama e le caso Koldo. Su significantia in le politica espaniol jace non solmente in le stato de restriction de Rodríguez intra le Union Europee, sed anque in le versiones contradictori de lo que esseva discutite, qui autorisava le incontro, e si le reunion esseva ligate a negotiationes commercial o diplomatic. Le episodio remane un exemplo notabile del controversia politic circumjacente al relation de Espania con le governamento de Nicolás Maduro e le crise venezuelan plus ample. Pro le defensores del position del governamento espaniol, le intervention de Ábalos esseva principalmente un manovra diplomatic designate a gerer un situation sensibile; pro su opponentes, le secreto circumjacente al reunion e le revelationes subsequente suscitava questiones super le transparentia e le tractas del governamento con functionarios venezuelan. Le termino “Delcygate” per consequente passava a comprender tanto le incontro al aeroporto ipse como le controversia politic e judicial plus ample que sequeva. [[Categoria:Caso de mascas]] [[Categoria:Aeroporto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas]] [[Categoria:Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] [[Categoria:Relationes Espania-Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Espania in 2020]] [[Categoria:Venezuela in 2020]] [[Categoria:Delcy Rodríguez]] jlxmlg0hni9morpyc0vftogdgffx9yq 699918 699917 2026-09-12T21:02:16Z Interlingvisto 60932 699918 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Delcygate''' se refere a un controversia politic in Espania concernente un reunion in januario de 2020 inter le vicepresidente venezuelan Delcy Rodríguez e le ministro de transporto espaniol José Luis Ábalos al Aeroporto de Madrid-Barajas. Le episodio attraheva attention considerabile proque Rodríguez esseva subponite a restrictiones del Union Europee que le prohibiva intrar in le UE, e proque le circumstantias e le proposito de su visita esseva initialmente pauc clar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200128/polemico-encuentro-abalos-delcy-rodriguez-entro-vicepresidenta-venezuela-territorio-espanol/1997160.shtml |title=El polémico encuentro de Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez: ¿Entró la vicepresidenta de Venezuela en territorio español? |website=RTVE |date=28 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le controversia anque suscitava questiones super le implication del prime ministro espaniol Pedro Sánchez e super allegate negotiationes commercial ligate al delegation venezuelan. == Reunion al aeroporto == Rodríguez arrivava a Barajas durante le prime horas del 20 de januario 2020 in un avion private. Le autoritates espaniol non le permitteva intrar formalmente in Espania a causa del restrictiones del UE, sed nihilominus illa se incontrava con Ábalos e membros del delegationes espaniol e venezuelan intra le aeroporto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200128/polemico-encuentro-abalos-delcy-rodriguez-entro-vicepresidenta-venezuela-territorio-espanol/1997160.shtml |title=El polémico encuentro de Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez: ¿Entró la vicepresidenta de Venezuela en territorio español? |website=RTVE |date=28 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Secundo reportos, un altere reunion private habeva loco in un area VIP. Ábalos initialmente dava differente versiones del incontro, ben que plus tarde ille recognosceva que ille habeva incontrate Rodríguez e manteneva que su proposito habeva essite prevenir un problema diplomatic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200126/abalos-afirma-se-vio-con-vicepresidenta-venezuela-por-espacio-25-minutos-pero-no-abordo-ningun-tema/1996743.shtml |title=Ábalos afirma que se vio con la vicepresidenta de Venezuela por espacio de 25 minutos pero que "no abordó ningún tema" |website=RTVE |date=26 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le episodio deveniva politicamente controversial in parte a causa del question de si Rodríguez habeva effectivemente entrate in territorio europee malgrado le restrictiones de viage. Partitos de opposition, includente le Partito Popular, Ciudadanos e Vox, criticava le gestion del visita per le governamento e exigeva explicationes e, in alicun casos, le demission de Ábalos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200124/pp-vox-exige-dimision-abalos-ciudadanos-pide-explicaciones-sobre-su-encuentro-con-vicepresidenta-venezolana-rtvees/1996447.shtml |title=PP y Vox exigen la dimisión de Ábalos y Cs pide explicaciones sobre su encuentro con la vicepresidenta venezolana |website=RTVE |date=24 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le governamento argumentava que le intervention de Ábalos habeva prevenite un confrontation diplomatic plus ample.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/temas/ministerio-de-transportes-y-movilidad-sostenible/3158/68/ |title=Sánchez sobre Venezuela: "Ábalos puso todo lo que estaba de su parte para evitar una crisis diplomática y lo ha logrado" |website=RTVE |date=25 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Anque emergeva reportos concernente communicationes inter Ábalos e Sánchez super le visita planificate de Rodríguez, lo que intensificava le questiones super quanto le prime ministro sapeva in avante. == Allegate negotiationes commercial == Le controversia se ligava plus tarde con investigationes super le homine de affaires espaniol Víctor de Aldama e lo que deveniva cognoscite de forma plus ample como le caso Koldo. Le investigatores examinava allegate negotiationes commercial que implicava Rodríguez, Aldama e interesses venezuelan. In 2024, reportos basate super documentation del Unidad Central Operativa (UCO) del Guardia Civil indicava que Aldama habeva in su possession un contracto in le qual le Fondo de Desarrollo Nacional de Venezuela (FONDEN) offereva 104 barras de auro a BANCASA S.A. pro un valor de 68 498 254,11 dollares.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/tribunales/20241010/aldama-negocio-delcy-rodriguez-traslado-millones-barras-oro-moscu-caracas-via-zambia/892411133_0.html |title=Aldama negoció con Delcy Rodríguez el traslado de 70 millones en barras de oro de Moscú a Caracas vía Zambia |website=El Español |date=10 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le documentos examineva per le UCO indicava anque communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez concernente asuntos ligate al auro venezuelan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Iste allegationes deveniva un dimension additional del controversia, ben que illos concerne investigationes e allegationes e non un constatation judicial stabilite que le reunion al aeroporto ipse constitueva un tal transaction. Un altere subjecto persistente de controversia esseva le bagage del delegation venezuelan. Reportos e accusationes politic pretendeva que le gruppo de Rodríguez apportava un quantitate substantial de bagage al aeroporto, con alicun versiones que faceva allegationes multo plus expansive super su contento. Iste allegationes deveniva prominente in le discussion politic e mediatic, sed le diverse pretensiones concernente grande quantitates de numerario o altere materiales non ha essite completemente stabilite como factos. Le question de lo que esseva de facto transportate remaneva per consequente parte del disputa politic plus ample, in loco de un aspecto resolvite del caso. == Procedimentos judicial e consequentias politic == Le controversia generava procedimientos judicial in Espania concernente si le presentia de Rodríguez a Barajas violava le restrictiones de entrata del UE e si Ábalos habeva committite un delicto per facilitar le incontro. Un judice de Madrid ordinava in februario 2020 que le registrationes del cameras de securitate de AENA concernente le incontro esseva conservate, post que un denuncia politic habeva allegate possibile factos delictuose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200218/juez-ordena-guardar-cintas-del-encuentro-entre-abalos-delcy-rodriguez/2002465.shtml |title=El juez ordena guardar las cintas del encuentro entre Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez y ve "indicios" de delito |website=RTVE |date=18 februario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Juzgado de Instrucción número 31 de Madrid plus tarde archivava le causa concernente le eventos al aeroporto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Tribunal Supremo anque archivava le querellas contra Ábalos e considerava que le question concernente le eventual violation del sanctiones europee esseva susceptible de controlo politic, ma non generava responsabilitate penal del ministro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-ts-archiva-querellas-contra-abalos-delcygate-porque-cree-solo-susceptible-control-politico-20201126140508.html |title=El TS se desmarca de la Fiscalía en el 'Delcygate' y sostiene que Rodríguez sí entró en España pero no ve delito |website=Europa Press |date=26 novembre 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> In april 2021, le Audiencia Provincial de Madrid confirmava le archivo del caso, non trovante conducta delictuose in le factos investigate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> == Disveloppamentos posterior e legato == Delcygate continuava a attraher attention a mesura que investigationes posterior in le retes politic e commercial espaniol produceva nove documentos e communicationes concernente le eventos de januario de 2020. Le controversia per consequente se intrelaciava con investigationes plus ample super Ábalos, Aldama e le caso Koldo. In 2024, le UCO examina documentos que includeva communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez e un contracto concernente 104 barras de auro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Su significantia in le politica espaniol jace non solmente in le stato de restriction de Rodríguez intra le Union Europee, sed anque in le versiones contradictori de lo que esseva discutite, qui autorisava le incontro, e si le reunion esseva ligate a negotiationes commercial o diplomatic. Le episodio remane un exemplo notabile del controversia politic circumjacente al relation de Espania con le governamento de Nicolás Maduro e le crise venezuelan plus ample. Pro le defensores del position del governamento espaniol, le intervention de Ábalos esseva principalmente un manovra diplomatic designate a gerer un situation sensibile; pro su opponentes, le secreto circumjacente al reunion e le revelationes subsequente suscitava questiones super le transparentia e le tractas del governamento con functionarios venezuelan. Le termino “Delcygate” per consequente passava a comprender tanto le incontro al aeroporto ipse como le controversia politic e judicial plus ample que sequeva. == Referentias == {{listaref}} [[Categoria:Caso de mascas]] [[Categoria:Aeroporto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas]] [[Categoria:Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] [[Categoria:Relationes Espania-Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Espania in 2020]] [[Categoria:Venezuela in 2020]] [[Categoria:Delcy Rodríguez]] gcgbo9xet010entr14r7pdj1amn7bay 699919 699918 2026-09-12T21:02:33Z Interlingvisto 60932 /* Referentias */ 699919 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Delcygate''' se refere a un controversia politic in Espania concernente un reunion in januario de 2020 inter le vicepresidente venezuelan Delcy Rodríguez e le ministro de transporto espaniol José Luis Ábalos al Aeroporto de Madrid-Barajas. Le episodio attraheva attention considerabile proque Rodríguez esseva subponite a restrictiones del Union Europee que le prohibiva intrar in le UE, e proque le circumstantias e le proposito de su visita esseva initialmente pauc clar.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200128/polemico-encuentro-abalos-delcy-rodriguez-entro-vicepresidenta-venezuela-territorio-espanol/1997160.shtml |title=El polémico encuentro de Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez: ¿Entró la vicepresidenta de Venezuela en territorio español? |website=RTVE |date=28 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le controversia anque suscitava questiones super le implication del prime ministro espaniol Pedro Sánchez e super allegate negotiationes commercial ligate al delegation venezuelan. == Reunion al aeroporto == Rodríguez arrivava a Barajas durante le prime horas del 20 de januario 2020 in un avion private. Le autoritates espaniol non le permitteva intrar formalmente in Espania a causa del restrictiones del UE, sed nihilominus illa se incontrava con Ábalos e membros del delegationes espaniol e venezuelan intra le aeroporto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200128/polemico-encuentro-abalos-delcy-rodriguez-entro-vicepresidenta-venezuela-territorio-espanol/1997160.shtml |title=El polémico encuentro de Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez: ¿Entró la vicepresidenta de Venezuela en territorio español? |website=RTVE |date=28 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Secundo reportos, un altere reunion private habeva loco in un area VIP. Ábalos initialmente dava differente versiones del incontro, ben que plus tarde ille recognosceva que ille habeva incontrate Rodríguez e manteneva que su proposito habeva essite prevenir un problema diplomatic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200126/abalos-afirma-se-vio-con-vicepresidenta-venezuela-por-espacio-25-minutos-pero-no-abordo-ningun-tema/1996743.shtml |title=Ábalos afirma que se vio con la vicepresidenta de Venezuela por espacio de 25 minutos pero que "no abordó ningún tema" |website=RTVE |date=26 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le episodio deveniva politicamente controversial in parte a causa del question de si Rodríguez habeva effectivemente entrate in territorio europee malgrado le restrictiones de viage. Partitos de opposition, includente le Partito Popular, Ciudadanos e Vox, criticava le gestion del visita per le governamento e exigeva explicationes e, in alicun casos, le demission de Ábalos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200124/pp-vox-exige-dimision-abalos-ciudadanos-pide-explicaciones-sobre-su-encuentro-con-vicepresidenta-venezolana-rtvees/1996447.shtml |title=PP y Vox exigen la dimisión de Ábalos y Cs pide explicaciones sobre su encuentro con la vicepresidenta venezolana |website=RTVE |date=24 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le governamento argumentava que le intervention de Ábalos habeva prevenite un confrontation diplomatic plus ample.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/temas/ministerio-de-transportes-y-movilidad-sostenible/3158/68/ |title=Sánchez sobre Venezuela: "Ábalos puso todo lo que estaba de su parte para evitar una crisis diplomática y lo ha logrado" |website=RTVE |date=25 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Anque emergeva reportos concernente communicationes inter Ábalos e Sánchez super le visita planificate de Rodríguez, lo que intensificava le questiones super quanto le prime ministro sapeva in avante. == Allegate negotiationes commercial == Le controversia se ligava plus tarde con investigationes super le homine de affaires espaniol Víctor de Aldama e lo que deveniva cognoscite de forma plus ample como le caso Koldo. Le investigatores examinava allegate negotiationes commercial que implicava Rodríguez, Aldama e interesses venezuelan. In 2024, reportos basate super documentation del Unidad Central Operativa (UCO) del Guardia Civil indicava que Aldama habeva in su possession un contracto in le qual le Fondo de Desarrollo Nacional de Venezuela (FONDEN) offereva 104 barras de auro a BANCASA S.A. pro un valor de 68 498 254,11 dollares.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/tribunales/20241010/aldama-negocio-delcy-rodriguez-traslado-millones-barras-oro-moscu-caracas-via-zambia/892411133_0.html |title=Aldama negoció con Delcy Rodríguez el traslado de 70 millones en barras de oro de Moscú a Caracas vía Zambia |website=El Español |date=10 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le documentos examineva per le UCO indicava anque communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez concernente asuntos ligate al auro venezuelan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Iste allegationes deveniva un dimension additional del controversia, ben que illos concerne investigationes e allegationes e non un constatation judicial stabilite que le reunion al aeroporto ipse constitueva un tal transaction. Un altere subjecto persistente de controversia esseva le bagage del delegation venezuelan. Reportos e accusationes politic pretendeva que le gruppo de Rodríguez apportava un quantitate substantial de bagage al aeroporto, con alicun versiones que faceva allegationes multo plus expansive super su contento. Iste allegationes deveniva prominente in le discussion politic e mediatic, sed le diverse pretensiones concernente grande quantitates de numerario o altere materiales non ha essite completemente stabilite como factos. Le question de lo que esseva de facto transportate remaneva per consequente parte del disputa politic plus ample, in loco de un aspecto resolvite del caso. == Procedimentos judicial e consequentias politic == Le controversia generava procedimientos judicial in Espania concernente si le presentia de Rodríguez a Barajas violava le restrictiones de entrata del UE e si Ábalos habeva committite un delicto per facilitar le incontro. Un judice de Madrid ordinava in februario 2020 que le registrationes del cameras de securitate de AENA concernente le incontro esseva conservate, post que un denuncia politic habeva allegate possibile factos delictuose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200218/juez-ordena-guardar-cintas-del-encuentro-entre-abalos-delcy-rodriguez/2002465.shtml |title=El juez ordena guardar las cintas del encuentro entre Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez y ve "indicios" de delito |website=RTVE |date=18 februario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Juzgado de Instrucción número 31 de Madrid plus tarde archivava le causa concernente le eventos al aeroporto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Tribunal Supremo anque archivava le querellas contra Ábalos e considerava que le question concernente le eventual violation del sanctiones europee esseva susceptible de controlo politic, ma non generava responsabilitate penal del ministro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-ts-archiva-querellas-contra-abalos-delcygate-porque-cree-solo-susceptible-control-politico-20201126140508.html |title=El TS se desmarca de la Fiscalía en el 'Delcygate' y sostiene que Rodríguez sí entró en España pero no ve delito |website=Europa Press |date=26 novembre 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> In april 2021, le Audiencia Provincial de Madrid confirmava le archivo del caso, non trovante conducta delictuose in le factos investigate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> == Disveloppamentos posterior e legato == Delcygate continuava a attraher attention a mesura que investigationes posterior in le retes politic e commercial espaniol produceva nove documentos e communicationes concernente le eventos de januario de 2020. Le controversia per consequente se intrelaciava con investigationes plus ample super Ábalos, Aldama e le caso Koldo. In 2024, le UCO examina documentos que includeva communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez e un contracto concernente 104 barras de auro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Su significantia in le politica espaniol jace non solmente in le stato de restriction de Rodríguez intra le Union Europee, sed anque in le versiones contradictori de lo que esseva discutite, qui autorisava le incontro, e si le reunion esseva ligate a negotiationes commercial o diplomatic. Le episodio remane un exemplo notabile del controversia politic circumjacente al relation de Espania con le governamento de Nicolás Maduro e le crise venezuelan plus ample. Pro le defensores del position del governamento espaniol, le intervention de Ábalos esseva principalmente un manovra diplomatic designate a gerer un situation sensibile; pro su opponentes, le secreto circumjacente al reunion e le revelationes subsequente suscitava questiones super le transparentia e le tractas del governamento con functionarios venezuelan. Le termino “Delcygate” per consequente passava a comprender tanto le incontro al aeroporto ipse como le controversia politic e judicial plus ample que sequeva. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Caso de mascas]] [[Categoria:Aeroporto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas]] [[Categoria:Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] [[Categoria:Relationes Espania-Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Espania in 2020]] [[Categoria:Venezuela in 2020]] [[Categoria:Delcy Rodríguez]] kme9zf3v99i0sijjj9jrpq0gzfm4vrw 699920 699919 2026-09-12T21:03:20Z Interlingvisto 60932 699920 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Delcygate''' se refere a un controversia politic in Espania concernente un reunion in januario de 2020 inter le vicepresidente venezuelan Delcy Rodríguez e le ministro de transporto espaniol José Luis Ábalos al Aeroporto de Madrid-Barajas. Le episodio attraheva attention considerabile proque Rodríguez esseva subponite a restrictiones del Union Europee que le prohibiva intrar in le UE, e proque le circumstantias e le proposito de su visita esseva initialmente pauc clar.<ref name="rtve">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200128/polemico-encuentro-abalos-delcy-rodriguez-entro-vicepresidenta-venezuela-territorio-espanol/1997160.shtml |title=El polémico encuentro de Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez: ¿Entró la vicepresidenta de Venezuela en territorio español? |website=RTVE |date=28 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le controversia anque suscitava questiones super le implication del prime ministro espaniol Pedro Sánchez e super allegate negotiationes commercial ligate al delegation venezuelan. == Reunion al aeroporto == Rodríguez arrivava a Barajas durante le prime horas del 20 de januario 2020 in un avion private. Le autoritates espaniol non le permitteva intrar formalmente in Espania a causa del restrictiones del UE, sed nihilominus illa se incontrava con Ábalos e membros del delegationes espaniol e venezuelan intra le aeroporto.<ref name="rtve"> Secundo reportos, un altere reunion private habeva loco in un area VIP. Ábalos initialmente dava differente versiones del incontro, ben que plus tarde ille recognosceva que ille habeva incontrate Rodríguez e manteneva que su proposito habeva essite prevenir un problema diplomatic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200126/abalos-afirma-se-vio-con-vicepresidenta-venezuela-por-espacio-25-minutos-pero-no-abordo-ningun-tema/1996743.shtml |title=Ábalos afirma que se vio con la vicepresidenta de Venezuela por espacio de 25 minutos pero que "no abordó ningún tema" |website=RTVE |date=26 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le episodio deveniva politicamente controversial in parte a causa del question de si Rodríguez habeva effectivemente entrate in territorio europee malgrado le restrictiones de viage. Partitos de opposition, includente le Partito Popular, Ciudadanos e Vox, criticava le gestion del visita per le governamento e exigeva explicationes e, in alicun casos, le demission de Ábalos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200124/pp-vox-exige-dimision-abalos-ciudadanos-pide-explicaciones-sobre-su-encuentro-con-vicepresidenta-venezolana-rtvees/1996447.shtml |title=PP y Vox exigen la dimisión de Ábalos y Cs pide explicaciones sobre su encuentro con la vicepresidenta venezolana |website=RTVE |date=24 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le governamento argumentava que le intervention de Ábalos habeva prevenite un confrontation diplomatic plus ample.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/temas/ministerio-de-transportes-y-movilidad-sostenible/3158/68/ |title=Sánchez sobre Venezuela: "Ábalos puso todo lo que estaba de su parte para evitar una crisis diplomática y lo ha logrado" |website=RTVE |date=25 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Anque emergeva reportos concernente communicationes inter Ábalos e Sánchez super le visita planificate de Rodríguez, lo que intensificava le questiones super quanto le prime ministro sapeva in avante. == Allegate negotiationes commercial == Le controversia se ligava plus tarde con investigationes super le homine de affaires espaniol Víctor de Aldama e lo que deveniva cognoscite de forma plus ample como le caso Koldo. Le investigatores examinava allegate negotiationes commercial que implicava Rodríguez, Aldama e interesses venezuelan. In 2024, reportos basate super documentation del Unidad Central Operativa (UCO) del Guardia Civil indicava que Aldama habeva in su possession un contracto in le qual le Fondo de Desarrollo Nacional de Venezuela (FONDEN) offereva 104 barras de auro a BANCASA S.A. pro un valor de 68 498 254,11 dollares.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/tribunales/20241010/aldama-negocio-delcy-rodriguez-traslado-millones-barras-oro-moscu-caracas-via-zambia/892411133_0.html |title=Aldama negoció con Delcy Rodríguez el traslado de 70 millones en barras de oro de Moscú a Caracas vía Zambia |website=El Español |date=10 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le documentos examineva per le UCO indicava anque communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez concernente asuntos ligate al auro venezuelan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Iste allegationes deveniva un dimension additional del controversia, ben que illos concerne investigationes e allegationes e non un constatation judicial stabilite que le reunion al aeroporto ipse constitueva un tal transaction. Un altere subjecto persistente de controversia esseva le bagage del delegation venezuelan. Reportos e accusationes politic pretendeva que le gruppo de Rodríguez apportava un quantitate substantial de bagage al aeroporto, con alicun versiones que faceva allegationes multo plus expansive super su contento. Iste allegationes deveniva prominente in le discussion politic e mediatic, sed le diverse pretensiones concernente grande quantitates de numerario o altere materiales non ha essite completemente stabilite como factos. Le question de lo que esseva de facto transportate remaneva per consequente parte del disputa politic plus ample, in loco de un aspecto resolvite del caso. == Procedimentos judicial e consequentias politic == Le controversia generava procedimientos judicial in Espania concernente si le presentia de Rodríguez a Barajas violava le restrictiones de entrata del UE e si Ábalos habeva committite un delicto per facilitar le incontro. Un judice de Madrid ordinava in februario 2020 que le registrationes del cameras de securitate de AENA concernente le incontro esseva conservate, post que un denuncia politic habeva allegate possibile factos delictuose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200218/juez-ordena-guardar-cintas-del-encuentro-entre-abalos-delcy-rodriguez/2002465.shtml |title=El juez ordena guardar las cintas del encuentro entre Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez y ve "indicios" de delito |website=RTVE |date=18 februario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Juzgado de Instrucción número 31 de Madrid plus tarde archivava le causa concernente le eventos al aeroporto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Tribunal Supremo anque archivava le querellas contra Ábalos e considerava que le question concernente le eventual violation del sanctiones europee esseva susceptible de controlo politic, ma non generava responsabilitate penal del ministro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-ts-archiva-querellas-contra-abalos-delcygate-porque-cree-solo-susceptible-control-politico-20201126140508.html |title=El TS se desmarca de la Fiscalía en el 'Delcygate' y sostiene que Rodríguez sí entró en España pero no ve delito |website=Europa Press |date=26 novembre 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> In april 2021, le Audiencia Provincial de Madrid confirmava le archivo del caso, non trovante conducta delictuose in le factos investigate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> == Disveloppamentos posterior e legato == Delcygate continuava a attraher attention a mesura que investigationes posterior in le retes politic e commercial espaniol produceva nove documentos e communicationes concernente le eventos de januario de 2020. Le controversia per consequente se intrelaciava con investigationes plus ample super Ábalos, Aldama e le caso Koldo. In 2024, le UCO examina documentos que includeva communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez e un contracto concernente 104 barras de auro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Su significantia in le politica espaniol jace non solmente in le stato de restriction de Rodríguez intra le Union Europee, sed anque in le versiones contradictori de lo que esseva discutite, qui autorisava le incontro, e si le reunion esseva ligate a negotiationes commercial o diplomatic. Le episodio remane un exemplo notabile del controversia politic circumjacente al relation de Espania con le governamento de Nicolás Maduro e le crise venezuelan plus ample. Pro le defensores del position del governamento espaniol, le intervention de Ábalos esseva principalmente un manovra diplomatic designate a gerer un situation sensibile; pro su opponentes, le secreto circumjacente al reunion e le revelationes subsequente suscitava questiones super le transparentia e le tractas del governamento con functionarios venezuelan. Le termino “Delcygate” per consequente passava a comprender tanto le incontro al aeroporto ipse como le controversia politic e judicial plus ample que sequeva. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Caso de mascas]] [[Categoria:Aeroporto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas]] [[Categoria:Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] [[Categoria:Relationes Espania-Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Espania in 2020]] [[Categoria:Venezuela in 2020]] [[Categoria:Delcy Rodríguez]] 0i99u2sykhjx8al6y0229plmmk3tzfw 699921 699920 2026-09-12T21:03:36Z Interlingvisto 60932 699921 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/generic}} '''Delcygate''' se refere a un controversia politic in Espania concernente un reunion in januario de 2020 inter le vicepresidente venezuelan Delcy Rodríguez e le ministro de transporto espaniol José Luis Ábalos al Aeroporto de Madrid-Barajas. Le episodio attraheva attention considerabile proque Rodríguez esseva subponite a restrictiones del Union Europee que le prohibiva intrar in le UE, e proque le circumstantias e le proposito de su visita esseva initialmente pauc clar.<ref name ="rtve">{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200128/polemico-encuentro-abalos-delcy-rodriguez-entro-vicepresidenta-venezuela-territorio-espanol/1997160.shtml |title=El polémico encuentro de Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez: ¿Entró la vicepresidenta de Venezuela en territorio español? |website=RTVE |date=28 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le controversia anque suscitava questiones super le implication del prime ministro espaniol Pedro Sánchez e super allegate negotiationes commercial ligate al delegation venezuelan. == Reunion al aeroporto == Rodríguez arrivava a Barajas durante le prime horas del 20 de januario 2020 in un avion private. Le autoritates espaniol non le permitteva intrar formalmente in Espania a causa del restrictiones del UE, sed nihilominus illa se incontrava con Ábalos e membros del delegationes espaniol e venezuelan intra le aeroporto.<ref name="rtve"/> Secundo reportos, un altere reunion private habeva loco in un area VIP. Ábalos initialmente dava differente versiones del incontro, ben que plus tarde ille recognosceva que ille habeva incontrate Rodríguez e manteneva que su proposito habeva essite prevenir un problema diplomatic.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200126/abalos-afirma-se-vio-con-vicepresidenta-venezuela-por-espacio-25-minutos-pero-no-abordo-ningun-tema/1996743.shtml |title=Ábalos afirma que se vio con la vicepresidenta de Venezuela por espacio de 25 minutos pero que "no abordó ningún tema" |website=RTVE |date=26 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le episodio deveniva politicamente controversial in parte a causa del question de si Rodríguez habeva effectivemente entrate in territorio europee malgrado le restrictiones de viage. Partitos de opposition, includente le Partito Popular, Ciudadanos e Vox, criticava le gestion del visita per le governamento e exigeva explicationes e, in alicun casos, le demission de Ábalos.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200124/pp-vox-exige-dimision-abalos-ciudadanos-pide-explicaciones-sobre-su-encuentro-con-vicepresidenta-venezolana-rtvees/1996447.shtml |title=PP y Vox exigen la dimisión de Ábalos y Cs pide explicaciones sobre su encuentro con la vicepresidenta venezolana |website=RTVE |date=24 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le governamento argumentava que le intervention de Ábalos habeva prevenite un confrontation diplomatic plus ample.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/temas/ministerio-de-transportes-y-movilidad-sostenible/3158/68/ |title=Sánchez sobre Venezuela: "Ábalos puso todo lo que estaba de su parte para evitar una crisis diplomática y lo ha logrado" |website=RTVE |date=25 januario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Anque emergeva reportos concernente communicationes inter Ábalos e Sánchez super le visita planificate de Rodríguez, lo que intensificava le questiones super quanto le prime ministro sapeva in avante. == Allegate negotiationes commercial == Le controversia se ligava plus tarde con investigationes super le homine de affaires espaniol Víctor de Aldama e lo que deveniva cognoscite de forma plus ample como le caso Koldo. Le investigatores examinava allegate negotiationes commercial que implicava Rodríguez, Aldama e interesses venezuelan. In 2024, reportos basate super documentation del Unidad Central Operativa (UCO) del Guardia Civil indicava que Aldama habeva in su possession un contracto in le qual le Fondo de Desarrollo Nacional de Venezuela (FONDEN) offereva 104 barras de auro a BANCASA S.A. pro un valor de 68 498 254,11 dollares.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elespanol.com/espana/tribunales/20241010/aldama-negocio-delcy-rodriguez-traslado-millones-barras-oro-moscu-caracas-via-zambia/892411133_0.html |title=Aldama negoció con Delcy Rodríguez el traslado de 70 millones en barras de oro de Moscú a Caracas vía Zambia |website=El Español |date=10 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le documentos examineva per le UCO indicava anque communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez concernente asuntos ligate al auro venezuelan.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Iste allegationes deveniva un dimension additional del controversia, ben que illos concerne investigationes e allegationes e non un constatation judicial stabilite que le reunion al aeroporto ipse constitueva un tal transaction. Un altere subjecto persistente de controversia esseva le bagage del delegation venezuelan. Reportos e accusationes politic pretendeva que le gruppo de Rodríguez apportava un quantitate substantial de bagage al aeroporto, con alicun versiones que faceva allegationes multo plus expansive super su contento. Iste allegationes deveniva prominente in le discussion politic e mediatic, sed le diverse pretensiones concernente grande quantitates de numerario o altere materiales non ha essite completemente stabilite como factos. Le question de lo que esseva de facto transportate remaneva per consequente parte del disputa politic plus ample, in loco de un aspecto resolvite del caso. == Procedimentos judicial e consequentias politic == Le controversia generava procedimientos judicial in Espania concernente si le presentia de Rodríguez a Barajas violava le restrictiones de entrata del UE e si Ábalos habeva committite un delicto per facilitar le incontro. Un judice de Madrid ordinava in februario 2020 que le registrationes del cameras de securitate de AENA concernente le incontro esseva conservate, post que un denuncia politic habeva allegate possibile factos delictuose.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20200218/juez-ordena-guardar-cintas-del-encuentro-entre-abalos-delcy-rodriguez/2002465.shtml |title=El juez ordena guardar las cintas del encuentro entre Ábalos y Delcy Rodríguez y ve "indicios" de delito |website=RTVE |date=18 februario 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Juzgado de Instrucción número 31 de Madrid plus tarde archivava le causa concernente le eventos al aeroporto.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Le Tribunal Supremo anque archivava le querellas contra Ábalos e considerava que le question concernente le eventual violation del sanctiones europee esseva susceptible de controlo politic, ma non generava responsabilitate penal del ministro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.europapress.es/nacional/noticia-ts-archiva-querellas-contra-abalos-delcygate-porque-cree-solo-susceptible-control-politico-20201126140508.html |title=El TS se desmarca de la Fiscalía en el 'Delcygate' y sostiene que Rodríguez sí entró en España pero no ve delito |website=Europa Press |date=26 novembre 2020 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> In april 2021, le Audiencia Provincial de Madrid confirmava le archivo del caso, non trovante conducta delictuose in le factos investigate.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20210413/audiencia-madrid-confirma-archivo-delcygate/2085650.shtml |title=La Audiencia de Madrid confirma el archivo del caso Delcygate |website=RTVE |date=13 april 2021 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> == Disveloppamentos posterior e legato == Delcygate continuava a attraher attention a mesura que investigationes posterior in le retes politic e commercial espaniol produceva nove documentos e communicationes concernente le eventos de januario de 2020. Le controversia per consequente se intrelaciava con investigationes plus ample super Ábalos, Aldama e le caso Koldo. In 2024, le UCO examina documentos que includeva communicationes inter Aldama e Rodríguez e un contracto concernente 104 barras de auro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.elconfidencial.com/espana/2024-10-11/delcy-contacto-comisionista-caso-koldo-vender-barras-oro-venezuela_3980634/ |title=Delcy contactó con el comisionista del caso Koldo para vender 104 barras de oro de Venezuela |website=El Confidencial |date=11 octobre 2024 |access-date=12 septembre 2026 |language=es }}</ref> Su significantia in le politica espaniol jace non solmente in le stato de restriction de Rodríguez intra le Union Europee, sed anque in le versiones contradictori de lo que esseva discutite, qui autorisava le incontro, e si le reunion esseva ligate a negotiationes commercial o diplomatic. Le episodio remane un exemplo notabile del controversia politic circumjacente al relation de Espania con le governamento de Nicolás Maduro e le crise venezuelan plus ample. Pro le defensores del position del governamento espaniol, le intervention de Ábalos esseva principalmente un manovra diplomatic designate a gerer un situation sensibile; pro su opponentes, le secreto circumjacente al reunion e le revelationes subsequente suscitava questiones super le transparentia e le tractas del governamento con functionarios venezuelan. Le termino “Delcygate” per consequente passava a comprender tanto le incontro al aeroporto ipse como le controversia politic e judicial plus ample que sequeva. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Caso de mascas]] [[Categoria:Aeroporto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas]] [[Categoria:Partito Socialista Operari Espaniol]] [[Categoria:Relationes Espania-Venezuela]] [[Categoria:Espania in 2020]] [[Categoria:Venezuela in 2020]] [[Categoria:Delcy Rodríguez]] c6jv8kz0vcuas97q0nc3u5lmjz8ti2j 0 61257 699962 2026-09-13T08:45:47Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “{{Infobox/articulo/objecto natural}} Le '''stricto de Gibraltar''' es le passo maritime que connecte le [[oceano Atlantic]] con le [[mar Mediterranee]] e separa geographicamente [[Europa]] de [[Africa]]. Illo se trova inter le sud del [[Peninsula Iberic]] e le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], con costas pertinente principalmente a Espania e Marocco, in plus del territorio britannic de Gibraltar e le citate hispan de Ceuta. Su position lo rende un del principal pun...” 699962 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/objecto natural}} Le '''stricto de Gibraltar''' es le passo maritime que connecte le [[oceano Atlantic]] con le [[mar Mediterranee]] e separa geographicamente [[Europa]] de [[Africa]]. Illo se trova inter le sud del [[Peninsula Iberic]] e le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], con costas pertinente principalmente a Espania e Marocco, in plus del territorio britannic de Gibraltar e le citate hispan de Ceuta. Su position lo rende un del principal punctos strategic e commercial del mundo. == Geographia e characteristicas physic == Le stricto ha un longitude approximate de 59 kilometros e attinge su largor minime inter Europa e Africa de circa 14,4 kilometros. Su profunditate varia considerabilemente, de circa 280 metros in le limine de Camarinal usque a circa 1.000 metros in determinate zonas. Geologicamente illo representa un zona de contacto inter le placas tectonic eurasiatic e african. Ante circa cinque milliones de annos, le stricto arrivava a clauder se, provocante le desiccation quasi complete del Mediterraneo durante le si-nominate crise de salinitate del Messiniano. Le relievo de ambe ripas influe notabilmente super le conditiones meteorologic. Le ventos dominante es principalmente le ponente e le levante, que pote attinger velocitates multo elevate debite al effecto de canalisation producite per le forma del stricto e le montanias vicin. Le correntes marin es tamben particularmente intense. In superficie entra in le Mediterraneo aqua atlantic relativemente calide e minus salin, dum le aquas mediterranee, plus frigide e salin, sorti verso le Atlantico per le stratos profunde. == Historia e significato strategic == Desde le Antiquitate, le stricto ha habite un importantia fundamental como puncto de communication inter le Mediterraneo e le Atlantico. Le phenicios e grecos lo associava con le Columnas de Hercules, dum le romanos lo denominava ''Fretum Gaditanum''. Le nomine moderne procede del arabe e es ligate a Tariq ibn Ziyad, le chef musulman cuje expedition desde le nord de Africa initiava le conquesta islamic del peninsula iberic in le seculo VIII. Su position strategic faceva del stricto le scenario de numerose eventos militar e politic. Le controlo de su costas esseva importante pro le potentias que competeva pro dominar le rutas maritime del Mediterraneo occidental e del Atlantico. Le area esseva ligate a eventos como le conquesta musulman del peninsula iberic, le occupation britannic de Gibraltar e le battalia de Trafalgar. Durante le Secunde Guerra Mundial illo acquireva de novo un relevantia special debite a su valor pro le controlo del communicationes maritime. == Ambiento e migrationes == Le stricto constitue tamben un importante zona de excambio biologic. Centenas de milliares de aves utilisa su costas e aquas durante su displaciamentos migratori inter Europa e Africa, dum numerose species marin se displacia inter le Atlantico e le Mediterraneo. Inter le animales associate al area se trova thonnos, cetaceos e diverse species de aves marin. Le zona es specialmente cognoscite pro le presentia de orcas e pro le activitates de observation de cetaceos. Le costa hispan face parte in plus del Parco Natural del Stricto. == Navigation e economia == Le stricto es un del rutas maritime le plus transitate del planeta, post que illo permitte le connexion directe inter le Atlantico e le Mediterraneo e, a transverso de iste ultime, con le rutas verso le Oriente Proxime e Asia mediante le canal de Suez. Le intense traffico ha favorite le crescentia de importante installationes portuari. Inter illos destaca le porto de Algeciras, accompagnate per le portos de Gibraltar, Tarifa, Ceuta e Tanger Med. Diverse lineas de transbordator connecte le duo ripas e facilita le transporto de passageros e mercandisas. Le profunditate e le forte conditiones meteorologic ha rendite difficile le construction de infrastructuras que crucia directamente le stricto. Existe, totevia, installationes energetic submarin, como un gasoducto e lineas electric. Le forte ventos del zona ha tamben favorite le disveloppamento del energia eolic e ha convertite specialmente Tarifa in un importante centro international pro le windsurf e altere sportes ligate al vento. == Frontera, migration e soveranitate == In plus de su importantia economic e ambiental, le stricto constitue un zona de frontiera de grande sensibilitate politic. Su costas pertine a Hispania, Marocco e Gibraltar, e existe controversias ligate al soveranitate de Gibraltar e a determinate aquas territorial. Secundo le derecto international del mar, le naves e aeronaves que transversa le stricto frue del regimine de passo in transito, que garanti le libertate de navigation e supervolo per iste via international. Le curte distantia inter Europa e Africa ha tamben convertite le stricto in un ruta utilisate per personas migrante que tenta arrivar a Hispania desde le nord de Africa. Le traversadas in embarcationes precari presenta grave riscos debite al correntes, al vento e al intense traffico maritime, e ha provocate numerose mortes. Pro illo, le stricto es simultaneamente un via essential pro le commercio mundial, un spatio ecologic de grande valor e un del principal frontieras maritime inter Africa e Europa. [[Categoria:Stricto de Gibraltar]] lsc5ujbvz9jkwjidfmkij61kzgevudl 699963 699962 2026-09-13T08:50:57Z Interlingvisto 60932 699963 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/objecto natural}} Le '''stricto de Gibraltar''' es le passo maritime que connecte le [[oceano Atlantic]] con le [[mar Mediterranee]] e separa geographicamente [[Europa]] de [[Africa]]. Illo se trova inter le sud del [[Peninsula Iberic]] e le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], con costas pertinente principalmente a Espania e Marocco, in plus del territorio britannic de Gibraltar e le citate hispan de Ceuta. Su position lo rende un del principal punctos strategic e commercial del mundo.<ref name="geographia">Soto-Navarro, J. et al. (2010). ''Estimation of the Atlantic inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar from climatological and in situ data''. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115, C10016.</ref> == Geographia e characteristicas physic == Le stricto ha un longitude approximate de 59 kilometros e attinge su largor minime inter Europa e Africa de circa 14,4 kilometros. Su profunditate varia considerabilemente, de circa 280 metros in le limine de Camarinal usque a circa 1.000 metros in determinate zonas.<ref name="geographia" /> Geologicamente illo representa un zona de contacto inter le placas tectonic eurasiatic e african. Ante circa cinque milliones de annos, le stricto arrivava a clauder se, provocante le desiccation quasi complete del Mediterraneo durante le si-nominate crise de salinitate del Messiniano.<ref name="messiniano">Garcia-Castellanos, D. & Villaseñor, A. (2011). ''Messinian salinity crisis regulated by competing tectonics and erosion at the Gibraltar arc''. Nature, 480, 359–363.</ref> Le relievo de ambe ripas influe notabilmente super le conditiones meteorologic. Le ventos dominante es principalmente le ponente e le levante, que pote attinger velocitates multo elevate debite al effecto de canalisation producite per le forma del stricto e le montanias vicin. Le correntes marin es tamben particularmente intense. In superficie entra in le Mediterraneo aqua atlantic relativemente calide e minus salin, dum le aquas mediterranee, plus frigide e salin, sorti verso le Atlantico per le stratos profunde.<ref name="oceanografia">Sanchez-Roman, A. et al. (2018). ''Modelling study of transformations of the exchange flows along the Strait of Gibraltar''. Ocean Science, 14, 1547–1566.</ref> == Historia e significato strategic == Desde le Antiquitate, le stricto ha habite un importantia fundamental como puncto de communication inter le Mediterraneo e le Atlantico. Le phenicios e grecos lo associava con le Columnas de Hercules, dum le romanos lo denominava ''Fretum Gaditanum''. Le nomine moderne procede del arabe e es ligate a Tariq ibn Ziyad, le chef musulman cuje expedition desde le nord de Africa initiava le conquesta islamic del peninsula iberic in le seculo VIII.<ref name="tariq">''Encyclopædia Britannica'', articulo «Gibraltar» (1911), super le origine del nomine Gibraltar e Tariq ibn Ziyad.</ref> Su position strategic faceva del stricto le scenario de numerose eventos militar e politic. Le controlo de su costas esseva importante pro le potentias que competeva pro dominar le rutas maritime del Mediterraneo occidental e del Atlantico. Le area esseva ligate a eventos como le conquesta musulman del peninsula iberic, le occupation britannic de Gibraltar e le battalia de Trafalgar. Durante le Secunde Guerra Mundial illo acquireva de novo un relevantia special debite a su valor pro le controlo del communicationes maritime. == Ambiento e migrationes == Le stricto constitue tamben un importante zona de excambio biologic. Centenas de milliares de aves utilisa su costas e aquas durante su displaciamentos migratori inter Europa e Africa, dum numerose species marin se displacia inter le Atlantico e le Mediterraneo. Inter le animales associate al area se trova thonnos, cetaceos e diverse species de aves marin. Le zona es specialmente cognoscite pro le presentia de orcas e pro le activitates de observation de cetaceos.<ref name="orcas">Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITECO). ''Población de orcas del Estrecho de Gibraltar y Golfo de Cádiz''.</ref> Le costa hispan face parte in plus del Parco Natural del Stricto.<ref name="parco">Junta de Andalucía. ''Aprobado el Plan de Desarrollo Sostenible del Parque Natural del Estrecho''.</ref> == Navigation e economia == Le stricto es un del rutas maritime le plus transitate del planeta, post que illo permitte le connexion directe inter le Atlantico e le Mediterraneo e, a transverso de iste ultime, con le rutas verso le Oriente Proxime e Asia mediante le canal de Suez. Le intense traffico ha favorite le crescentia de importante installationes portuari. Inter illos destaca le porto de Algeciras, accompagnate per le portos de Gibraltar, Tarifa, Ceuta e Tanger Med. Diverse lineas de transbordator connecte le duo ripas e facilita le transporto de passageros e mercandisas.<ref name="algeciras">Autoridad Portuaria de la Bahía de Algeciras. ''Traffic across Gibraltar Straits''.</ref> Le profunditate e le forte conditiones meteorologic ha rendite difficile le construction de infrastructuras que crucia directamente le stricto. Existe, totevia, installationes energetic submarin, como un gasoducto e lineas electric. Le forte ventos del zona ha tamben favorite le disveloppamento del energia eolic e ha convertite specialmente Tarifa in un importante centro international pro le windsurf e altere sportes ligate al vento. == Frontera, migration e soveranitate == In plus de su importantia economic e ambiental, le stricto constitue un zona de frontiera de grande sensibilitate politic. Su costas pertine a Hispania, Marocco e Gibraltar, e existe controversias ligate al soveranitate de Gibraltar e a determinate aquas territorial. Secundo le derecto international del mar, le naves e aeronaves que transversa le stricto frue del regimine de passo in transito, que garanti le libertate de navigation e supervolo per iste via international.<ref name="unclos">[[Convention del Nationes Unite super le Derecto del Mar]] (UNCLOS), Parte III, articulos 34–44, specialmente articulo 38 super le derecto de passo in transito.</ref> Le curte distantia inter Europa e Africa ha tamben convertite le stricto in un ruta utilisate per personas migrante que tenta arrivar a Hispania desde le nord de Africa. Le traversadas in embarcationes precari presenta grave riscos debite al correntes, al vento e al intense traffico maritime, e ha provocate numerose mortes. Pro illo, le stricto es simultaneamente un via essential pro le commercio mundial, un spatio ecologic de grande valor e un del principal frontieras maritime inter Africa e Europa. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Stricto de Gibraltar]] 8hy271pvj3m11vkfjcwewjxxxiea0cq 699964 699963 2026-09-13T08:51:44Z Interlingvisto 60932 699964 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox/articulo/objecto natural}} Le '''stricto de Gibraltar''' es le passo maritime que connecte le [[oceano Atlantic]] con le [[mar Mediterranee]] e separa geographicamente [[Europa]] de [[Africa]]. Illo se trova inter le sud del [[Peninsula Iberic]] e le [[Africa del Nord|nord de Africa]], con costas pertinente principalmente a Espania e Marocco, in plus del territorio britannic de [[Gibraltar]] e le citate hispan de Ceuta. Su position lo rende un del principal punctos strategic e commercial del mundo.<ref name="geographia">Soto-Navarro, J. et al. (2010). ''Estimation of the Atlantic inflow through the Strait of Gibraltar from climatological and in situ data''. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 115, C10016.</ref> == Geographia e characteristicas physic == Le stricto ha un longitude approximate de 59 kilometros e attinge su largor minime inter Europa e Africa de circa 14,4 kilometros. Su profunditate varia considerabilemente, de circa 280 metros in le limine de Camarinal usque a circa 1.000 metros in determinate zonas.<ref name="geographia" /> Geologicamente illo representa un zona de contacto inter le placas tectonic eurasiatic e african. Ante circa cinque milliones de annos, le stricto arrivava a clauder se, provocante le desiccation quasi complete del Mediterraneo durante le si-nominate crise de salinitate del Messiniano.<ref name="messiniano">Garcia-Castellanos, D. & Villaseñor, A. (2011). ''Messinian salinity crisis regulated by competing tectonics and erosion at the Gibraltar arc''. Nature, 480, 359–363.</ref> Le relievo de ambe ripas influe notabilmente super le conditiones meteorologic. Le ventos dominante es principalmente le ponente e le levante, que pote attinger velocitates multo elevate debite al effecto de canalisation producite per le forma del stricto e le montanias vicin. Le correntes marin es tamben particularmente intense. In superficie entra in le Mediterraneo aqua atlantic relativemente calide e minus salin, dum le aquas mediterranee, plus frigide e salin, sorti verso le Atlantico per le stratos profunde.<ref name="oceanografia">Sanchez-Roman, A. et al. (2018). ''Modelling study of transformations of the exchange flows along the Strait of Gibraltar''. Ocean Science, 14, 1547–1566.</ref> == Historia e significato strategic == Desde le Antiquitate, le stricto ha habite un importantia fundamental como puncto de communication inter le Mediterraneo e le Atlantico. Le phenicios e grecos lo associava con le Columnas de Hercules, dum le romanos lo denominava ''Fretum Gaditanum''. Le nomine moderne procede del arabe e es ligate a Tariq ibn Ziyad, le chef musulman cuje expedition desde le nord de Africa initiava le conquesta islamic del peninsula iberic in le seculo VIII.<ref name="tariq">''Encyclopædia Britannica'', articulo «Gibraltar» (1911), super le origine del nomine Gibraltar e Tariq ibn Ziyad.</ref> Su position strategic faceva del stricto le scenario de numerose eventos militar e politic. Le controlo de su costas esseva importante pro le potentias que competeva pro dominar le rutas maritime del Mediterraneo occidental e del Atlantico. Le area esseva ligate a eventos como le conquesta musulman del peninsula iberic, le occupation britannic de Gibraltar e le battalia de Trafalgar. Durante le Secunde Guerra Mundial illo acquireva de novo un relevantia special debite a su valor pro le controlo del communicationes maritime. == Ambiento e migrationes == Le stricto constitue tamben un importante zona de excambio biologic. Centenas de milliares de aves utilisa su costas e aquas durante su displaciamentos migratori inter Europa e Africa, dum numerose species marin se displacia inter le Atlantico e le Mediterraneo. Inter le animales associate al area se trova thonnos, cetaceos e diverse species de aves marin. Le zona es specialmente cognoscite pro le presentia de orcas e pro le activitates de observation de cetaceos.<ref name="orcas">Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (MITECO). ''Población de orcas del Estrecho de Gibraltar y Golfo de Cádiz''.</ref> Le costa hispan face parte in plus del Parco Natural del Stricto.<ref name="parco">Junta de Andalucía. ''Aprobado el Plan de Desarrollo Sostenible del Parque Natural del Estrecho''.</ref> == Navigation e economia == Le stricto es un del rutas maritime le plus transitate del planeta, post que illo permitte le connexion directe inter le Atlantico e le Mediterraneo e, a transverso de iste ultime, con le rutas verso le Oriente Proxime e Asia mediante le canal de Suez. Le intense traffico ha favorite le crescentia de importante installationes portuari. Inter illos destaca le porto de Algeciras, accompagnate per le portos de Gibraltar, Tarifa, Ceuta e Tanger Med. Diverse lineas de transbordator connecte le duo ripas e facilita le transporto de passageros e mercandisas.<ref name="algeciras">Autoridad Portuaria de la Bahía de Algeciras. ''Traffic across Gibraltar Straits''.</ref> Le profunditate e le forte conditiones [[Meteorologia|meteorologic]] ha rendite difficile le construction de infrastructuras que crucia directamente le stricto. Existe, totevia, installationes energetic submarin, como un gasoducto e lineas electric. Le forte ventos del zona ha tamben favorite le disveloppamento del energia eolic e ha convertite specialmente Tarifa in un importante centro international pro le windsurf e altere sportes ligate al vento. == Frontera, migration e soveranitate == In plus de su importantia economic e ambiental, le stricto constitue un zona de frontiera de grande sensibilitate politic. Su costas pertine a Espania, Marocco e Gibraltar, e existe controversias ligate al soveranitate de Gibraltar e a determinate aquas territorial. Secundo le derecto international del mar, le naves e aeronaves que transversa le stricto frue del regimine de passo in transito, que garanti le libertate de navigation e supervolo per iste via international.<ref name="unclos">[[Convention del Nationes Unite super le Derecto del Mar]] (UNCLOS), Parte III, articulos 34–44, specialmente articulo 38 super le derecto de passo in transito.</ref> Le curte distantia inter Europa e Africa ha tamben convertite le stricto in un ruta utilisate per personas migrante que tenta arrivar a Espania desde le nord de Africa. Le traversadas in embarcationes precari presenta grave riscos debite al correntes, al vento e al intense traffico maritime, e ha provocate numerose mortes. Pro illo, le stricto es simultaneamente un via essential pro le commercio mundial, un spatio ecologic de grande valor e un del principal frontieras maritime inter Africa e Europa. {{Referentias}} [[Categoria:Stricto de Gibraltar]] hw68epf95xwatd36upb4tvqcbh3mjco 14 61258 699965 2026-09-13T08:52:52Z Interlingvisto 60932 Pagina create con “[[Categoria:Strictos del oceano Atlantic|Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos de Africa| 0Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos del oceano Atlantic de Africa| 0Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos del mar Mediterranee de Europa|Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos de Espania]] [[Categoria:Strictos del Regno Unite]] [[Categoria:Strictos de Marocco]] [[Categoria:Frontiera Espania-Marocco]] [[Categoria:Costa de Andalusia]] [[Categoria:Geografia de le provincia de Cadiz|*]] Categoria:G...” 699965 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Categoria:Strictos del oceano Atlantic|Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos de Africa| 0Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos del oceano Atlantic de Africa| 0Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos del mar Mediterranee de Europa|Gibraltar]] [[Categoria:Strictos de Espania]] [[Categoria:Strictos del Regno Unite]] [[Categoria:Strictos de Marocco]] [[Categoria:Frontiera Espania-Marocco]] [[Categoria:Costa de Andalusia]] [[Categoria:Geografia de le provincia de Cadiz|*]] [[Categoria:Geografia de Gibraltar]] dy8mqaage0mckps8e4gl36qo24jfgf8