Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 10 384 19066 984 2026-05-15T15:04:47Z Song GK 9 19066 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{#invoke:Type in location|main|{{{type|}}}|{{{location|}}}|check-patterns = [Mm]useum;[Hh]all;[Gg]allery;[Cc]enter}}}}}}<!-- end short description -->{{Infobox | child = {{{embed|}}} | bodyclass = vcard | headerstyle = background-color: #eee; | titleclass = fn org | title = {{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{embed|}}}|yes||{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}}} | subheader = {{#if:{{{native_name|}}}|<div class="nickname" {{#if:{{{native_name_lang|}}}|lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}"}}>{{{native_name}}}</div>}} | 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collections_type | coordinates | curator | director | dissolved | embed | embedded | employees | established | executive director | executive_director | former_name | former_names | founder | historian | image | image_size | imagesize | image_upright | key_holdings | location | logo | logo_size | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_upright | map dot label | map_dot_label | map_alt | map_caption | map_relief | map_size | map_type | name | native_name | native_name_lang | network | nrhp | owner | parking | president | publictransit | pushpin_map | pushpin_relief | type | visitors | website | mapframe | mapframe-caption | mapframe-custom | mapframe-id | mapframe-coord | mapframe-wikidata | mapframe-point | mapframe-shape | mapframe-frame-width | mapframe-width | mapframe-frame-height | mapframe-height | mapframe-shape-fill | mapframe-shape-fill-opacity | mapframe-stroke-color | mapframe-stroke-colour | mapframe-stroke-width | mapframe-marker | mapframe-marker-color | mapframe-marker-colour | mapframe-geomask | mapframe-geomask-stroke-color | mapframe-geomask-stroke-colour | mapframe-geomask-stroke-width | mapframe-geomask-fill | mapframe-geomask-fill-opacity | mapframe-zoom | mapframe-length_km | mapframe-length_mi | mapframe-area_km2 | mapframe-area_mi2 | mapframe-frame-coordinates | mapframe-frame-coord | mapframe-switcher }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> d1flfjkeq2aj54c4yykvwfbsgqz32zc 0 1484 19082 13461 2026-05-16T11:14:00Z Song GK 9 19082 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language family | name = Austronesia | region = [[Taiwan]], [[Maritime Southeast Asia]], [[Madagascar]], parts of [[Mainland Southeast Asia]], [[Hainan]] ([[China]]), and [[Oceania]] | familycolor = Austronesia | protoname = [[Proto-Austronesian language|Proto-Austronesian]] | family = One of the world's primary [[Language family|language families]] | child1 = {{Nowrap|[[Atayalic languages|Atayalic]]}} | child2 = {{Nowrap|''[[Bunun language|Bunun]]''}} | child3 = {{Nowrap|[[East Formosan languages|East Formosan]]}} | child4 = {{Nowrap|[[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]]}} | child5 = {{Nowrap|[[Northwest Formosan languages|Northwest Formosan]]}} | child6 = {{Nowrap|''[[Paiwan language|Paiwan]]''}} | child7 = {{Nowrap|''[[Puyuma language|Puyuma]]''}} | child8 = {{Nowrap|''[[Rukai language|Rukai]]''}} | child9 = {{Nowrap|[[Tsouic languages|Tsouic]]}} | iso2 = map | iso5 = map | glotto = aust1307 | glottorefname = Austronesian | map = File:Austroneske jazyky.jpg | mapcaption = Agih besejarah jaku-jaku Austronesia | ancestor = | glottoname = | notes = | ethnicity = [[Orang-orang Austronesia]] }} '''Jaku-jaku Austronesia''' nya siti raban jaku ke dikena genturung pendiau ba serata pulau ba Asia Tenggara, sekeda endur ba [[Tanah Besai Asia Tenggara]], [[Madagaskar]], pulau-pulau ba Tasik Pasifik enggau Taiwan (dikena [[bansa asal Taiwan]]).<ref>Blust, Robert Andrew, [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Austronesian-languages Austronesian languages] ''Encyclopædia Britannica''. Diambi maya 5 April 2024.</ref> Raban jaku tu dikena 386 juta orang (4.9% ari pemayuh orang ba dunya). Ketegal nya, sebilik jaku Austronesia nyadi sebilik jaku kelima pemadu besai enti dikira ari pemayuh orang ke ngena jaku-jaku nya. Sekeda jaku-jaku ke nyengkaum dalam sebilik jaku tu ianya [[jaku Iban]], [[Jaku Kadazandusun|jaku Kadazan-Dusun]], [[jaku Melayu]], [[jaku Indonesia]], [[jaku Malagasy]], [[jaku Hawaii]] enggau [[jaku Maori]]. Nitihka sekeda anggar, sebilik jaku tu ngembuan 1,257 iti jaku, nyadika jaku tu ngembuan jaku-jaku ke kedua pemadu mayuh entara raban-raban jaku nya.<ref>Robert Blust (2016). ''History of the Austronesian Languages.'' University of Hawaii ba Manoa.</ref> == Kereban sanding == <references /> 9m7wcub8fsaf9hj222xhstpsnfsv13k 0 2093 19080 19063 2026-05-16T11:12:37Z Song GK 9 19080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik China | common_name = Taiwan | native_name = {{Unbulleted list|{{Native name|zh-Hant-TW|中華民國|italic=no}}{{Efn native lang|tw|name=word1|t=中華民國|p=Zhōnghuá Mínguó|m=Tiong-hûa Bîn-kok|s=Chûng-fà Mìn-koet}}|{{Smaller|{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Mínguó}} ([[Pinyin]])}}}} | image_flag = Flag of the Republic of China.svg | alt_flag = A red flag, with a small blue rectangle in the top left hand corner on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays. | flag_type = [[Menira Republik China|Menira]] | image_coat = National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg | alt_coat = A blue circular emblem on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays. | symbol_type = [[Langit Biru enggau Mata Panas Burak|Lambang Menua]] | national_anthem = <br />{{Lang|zh-Hant-TW|中華民國國歌}}<br />{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guógē}}<br />"[[Lagu menua Republik China]]"{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[Fail:National anthem of the Republic of China (Taiwan) 中華民國國歌(演奏版).ogg]]}} | flag_anthem = <br />{{Lang|zh-Hant-TW|中華民國國旗歌}}<br />{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Míngúo Gúoqígē}}<br />"[[Lagu menira nasional Republik China]]"{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[Fail:中華民國國旗歌 (演奏版).ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[Fail:Free Area of the Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of [[Free area of the Republic of China|territories administered by the ROC (Taiwan Area)]]|[[Fail:Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Taiwan (dark green) with Mainland Area and historical ROC territorial claims (light green)|default=1}} | map_caption = | largest_city = [[Nengeri Taipei Baru]] | capital = [[Taipei]]{{Efn|[[Taipei]] nya penuduk rasmi [[perintah Republik China]] taja [[Konstitusyen Republik China]] enda nentuka indu menua ''de jure''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2 |title=Since the implementation of the Act Governing Principles for Editing Geographical Educational Texts (地理敎科書編審原則) in 1997, the guiding principle for all maps in geographical textbooks was that Taipei was to be marked as the capital with a label stating: "Location of the Central Government" |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101013333/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2 |archive-date=1 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<ref name="capital">{{Cite news |title=Interior minister reaffirms Taipei is ROC's capital |date=5 December 2013|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/12/05/2003578356 |newspaper=Taipei Times}}</ref> | coordinates = {{Coord|25|04|N|121|31|E|type:city_region:TW}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2016 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite book |year=2016 |title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2016 |publisher=Executive Yuan, R.O.C.|url=https://issuu.com/eyroc/docs/the_republic_of_china_yearbook_2016|access-date=31 May 2020 |isbn=978-986-04-9949-0 |page=10|quote=Ethnicity: 70 percent Hoklo; 15 percent Hakka 10–15 percent [[Waishengren|mainlanders]]; 2 percent indigenous Austronesian peoples}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{Vunblist |95–97% [[Orang Han Taiwan|Han]] |2.3% [[Bansa asal Taiwan|bansa asal]]{{Efn|Orang penakan orang asal-Han disengkaum dalam itung orang Han.}} |0.7–2.7% [[Raban bansa ba Taiwan|ke bukai]]}} | official_languages = [[Jaku China Standard]]{{Efn|[[Jaku Mandarin Taiwan|Mandarin]] nyadi [[leman jaku China]] ti standard<ref name="推動雙語國家政策問題研析">{{Cite web |title=推動雙語國家政策問題研析|url=https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=6590&pid=173510 |website=ly.gov.tw | date=23 July 2013 |language=zh}}</ref><br />[[Jaku China Vernakular]] (dikena dalam mayuh penyadi) <br />[[Jaku China Klasik]] (dikena dalam pengerami tauka formal, pengawa pengarap tauka budaya, dokumen rasmi, pemutus undang-undang enggau kot sereta dokumen akim)<ref>{{Cite web|title=法律統一用語表-常見公文用語說明|url=http://oga.ncu.edu.tw/ncuoga/dispatch/doc/%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%96%87%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E1050106.pdf|access-date=2 June 2021|language=zh|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215646/http://oga.ncu.edu.tw/ncuoga/dispatch/doc/%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%96%87%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E1050106.pdf}}</ref> }}<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2012 |date=2012 |isbn=978-986-03-4590-2 |page=24 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 2: People and Language |publisher=Government Information Office |access-date=18 December 2013 |chapter-url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=F4FA171B7E10F12F |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014222446/http://www.ey.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=F4FA171B7E10F12F |archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Information Office |title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2010 |date=2010 |isbn=978-986-02-5278-1 |page=42 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 2: People and Language |publisher=中華民國政府出版品 |chapter-url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02People&Language.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805173731/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02People%26Language.pdf |archive-date=5 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Liao |first=Silvie |url=http://naccl.osu.edu/files/21_liao-s.pdf |title=Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20) |date=2008 |publisher=The Ohio State University |isbn=978-0-9824715-0-0 |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Marjorie K. M. |volume=1 |page=393 |language=en |chapter=A Perceptual Dialect Study of Taiwan Mandarin: Language Attitudes in the Era of Political Battle |editor-last2=Kang |editor-first2=Hana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110315/http://naccl.osu.edu/files/21_liao-s.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2013 }}</ref> | languages_type = [[Urup rasmi]] | languages = [[Karakter China Tradisional|China Tradisional]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=行政院第3251次院會決議 |url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/4EC2394BE4EE9DD0/51cc88a4-2066-44da-964d-18e10468f578|website=ey.gov.tw |date=December 2011 |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=zh}}</ref> | languages2_type = [[Jaku nasional]]{{Efn|A national language in Taiwan is legally defined as "a natural language used by an original people group of Taiwan and the [[Taiwan Sign Language]]".<ref name="natLangAct">{{Cite web |script-title=zh:國家語言發展法 |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=H0170143 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date=22 May 2019 |language=zh}}</ref>}} | languages2 = {{Plainlist| *[[Jaku Mandarin Taiwan|Mandarin]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang}} *[[Jaku Hokkien Taiwan|Hokkien]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang|Not designated but meets legal definition.}}{{Efn|name = var-hok|Suah dikelala enggau nama "jaku Taiwan", tu dikumbai leman [[jaku Hokkien]].}} *[[Jaku Hakka Taiwan|Hakka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Hakka Basic Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0140005 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> *[[Jaku-jaku Formosa|Formosa]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Indigenous Languages Development Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130037 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date = 22 May 2019}}</ref> *[[Dialek Matsu|Matsu]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang}} *[[Dialek Putian|Wuqiu]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang}} *[[Jaku Isyarat Taiwan]] }} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = <ref name="Pew religion stats">{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050 |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/ |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221014350/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/ }}</ref> | religion = {{Vunblist |35.1% [[Buddha ba Taiwan|Buddhism]] |33.0% [[Taoisme]] |26.7% [[Nadai pengarap]] |3.9% [[Kristian ba Taiwan|Kristian]] |1.3% [[Pengarap ba Taiwan|ke bukai]]}} | demonym = | government_type = [[Republik separuh bepresiden]] beserakup<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kucera |first1=Ondrej |title=Is Taiwan a Presidential System? |url=https://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/1036 |journal=China Perspectives |language=fr |doi=10.4000/chinaperspectives.1036 |date=1 July 2006|volume=2006 |issue=4 |s2cid=152497908 |doi-access=free |issn = 1996-4617}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taiwan - Chiang Kai-shek's Government, Democratization, and Constitutional Reforms |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Taiwan/Government-and-society |website=Britannica|access-date=19 June 2023 }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Republik China|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Lai Ching-te]] | leader_title2 = [[Sapit Presiden Republik China|Sapit Presiden]] | leader_name2 = [[Hsiao Bi-khim]] | leader_title3 = [[Premier Republik China|Executive Yuan President / Premier]] | leader_name3 = [[Cho Jung-tai]] | leader_title4 = [[President of the Legislative Yuan|Legislative Yuan President]] | leader_name4 = [[Han Kuo-yu]] | leader_title5 = [[List of presidents of the Judicial Yuan|Judicial Yuan President]] | leader_name5 = [[Hsu Tzong-li]] | legislature = [[Legislative Yuan]]{{Efn|While the [[Tricameralism|tricameral parliament]] continues to exist ''de jure'', the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] (electoral college) was ''de facto'' suspended in 2005 and the [[Control Yuan]] (upper house) ceased to be a parliamentary chamber ''de facto'' in 1993 leaving the Legislative Yuan (lower house) as the ''de facto'' unicameral chamber.}} | sovereignty_type = [[Sejarah Taiwan|Penumbuh]] | sovereignty_note = | established_event1 = [[Republik China (1912–1949)|Republik China]] ditumbuhka | established_date1 = 10 October 1911{{Efn|The formal proclamation of the statehood for the Republic of China was on 1 January 1912.}} | established_event2 = [[History of Taiwan (1945–present)|Taiwan under ROC rule]]{{Efn|Interpretations on whether this entails a complete transfer of the territory's sovereignty to the Republic of China vary. Japan renounced its claims to Taiwan and the Pescadores in the [[Treaty of San Francisco]] in 1952; see [[Retrocession Day]], [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan]] and [[political status of Taiwan]].}} | established_date2 = 25 October 1945 | established_event3 = [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|Retreat of ROC to Taiwan]] | established_date3 = 7 December 1949 | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | area_km2 = 36,197 | area_footnote = <ref name="taiwansnapshot">{{Cite web|url=https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/images/content/ts.JPG|title=TAIWAN SNAPSHOT|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="cia-factbook" /> | area_rank = <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]; should not be any here --> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 23,894,394<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/taiwan-population | title=Population of Taiwan as of July 2022 }}</ref> | population_census = 23,123,866<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Statistical analysis report, Population and Housing Census|url=http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/5428162113SIDMH93P.pdf|website=National Statistics, ROC (Taiwan)|access-date=26 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226090918/http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/5428162113SIDMH93P.pdf|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 1 July 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 56th | population_census_year = 2010 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 650 | population_density_rank = 17th | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $1.685&nbsp;trillion <ref name="IMFWEO.TW">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=528,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Taiwan) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 October 2023}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 20th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $72,485<ref name="IMFWEO.TW" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | GDP_nominal = {{Decrease}} $751.930&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEO.TW" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 21st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Decrease}} $32,339<ref name="IMFWEO.TW" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 30th | Gini = 34.1 | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Percentage share of disposable income by quintile groups of income recipients and measures of income distribution |url=https://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/106/a11/Year17.ods |website=stat.gov.tw |access-date=26 June 2019 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714175850/https://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/106/a11/Year17.ods }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.926 | HDI_year = 2021 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = {{Efn |name="HDI-1"}}<ref name="HDI 2021">{{Cite web|url=https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMC9yZWxmaWxlLzExMDIwLzIyOTU5MS9iNDdhNmYyYy1jNjY2LTRjZDAtYmQ2Ni03OGEyYjMwMmM4MzkucGRm&n=TjExMTEwMTQucGRm&icon=.pdf|title=國情統計通報（第 195 號）|publisher= [[Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics]], Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC)|date=14 October 2021}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 19th | currency = [[New Taiwan dollar]] (NT$) | currency_code = TWD | time_zone = [[Jam ba Taiwan|Jam Standard Nasional]] | utc_offset = +8 | cctld = [[.tw|.tw]], [[.台灣|.台灣]], [[.台湾|.台湾]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://brussels38.icann.org/meetings/brussels2010/transcript-board-25jun10-en.txt |title=ICANN Board Meeting Minutes |publisher=ICANN |date=25 June 2010}}</ref> }} '''Taiwan''',{{Efn|name = ROC territory|There are four contemporary geopolitical definitions of the extent of "Taiwan": {{Ordered list |1= The common name referring to the state, also known as the "Republic of China" (ROC), including [[List of islands of Taiwan|all 168 islands administered by the ROC]], collectively known as [[Taiwan Area]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mac.gov.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=4F2E0C155DF44564&sms=2C46F5E37DC2E1D2&s=1403D3EA1BC2B0B9|publisher=[[Mainland Affairs Council]], [[Executive Yuan]]|title=Laws and Regulations Regarding Mainland Affairs|website=mac.gov.tw|date=17 September 2020|quote= Article 2: The following terms as used in this Act are defined below.<br />1. "Taiwan Area" refers to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and any other area under the effective control of the Government.|access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> |2= The traditional Taiwan region ({{Lang|zh-tw|本島地區}}), which consists of the main island of Taiwan and its surrounding islands, including the [[Penghu islands]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/|publisher=[[American Institute in Taiwan]] |title=Taiwan Relations Act |website=ait.org.tw|date=30 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819023930/https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=14 December 2022|quote= ...Section. 15. For purposes of this Act- 2. the term "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores (Penghu).|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=6|title=Geography|publisher=[[Penghu County Government]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209094056/https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=6|archive-date=9 December 2022|quote=Penghu locates on the Taiwan Strait between China and Taiwan in Asia. It is the only island county of Taiwan... The utmost west isle (of Penghu) is also the utmost west boundary of Taiwan.|access-date= 14 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> but excludes [[Kinmen]], [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]], and [[Wuqiu, Kinmen|Wuqiu]], those are traditionally parts of [[Fuchien Province, Republic of China|Fujian Province]], and also excluding the ROC-controlled [[South China Sea Islands]]; |3= The traditional region without Penghu, which is sometimes regarded as a separate region; | 4= The main island of Taiwan (Formosa) alone, excluding all the offshore islands nearby.}}}} tauka nama resmi iya '''Republik China''' {{Efn|See [[#Etymology|etymology]] below.|name=|group=}} nya sebengkah menua<ref>Multiple sources: * {{Cite book |author=Kort |first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 |title=The Handbook Of East Asia |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7613-2672-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 7] |quote=South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC. |author-link=Michael Kort |access-date=26 June 2022}} * {{Cite book |last1=Fell |first1=Dafydd |url={{GBurl|id=i8hHDwAAQBAJ}} |title=Government and Politics in Taiwan |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-28506-9 |page=305 |quote=Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image. |author1-link=Dafydd Fell}} * {{Cite magazine |last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |date=7 January 2020 |title=China's Next Crisis Brews in Taiwan's Upcoming Election |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-01-07/china-s-next-crisis-brews-in-taiwan-s-upcoming-election |magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |pages=34–39 |issue=4642 |quote=Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country}} * {{Cite journal |last=Carolan |first=Christopher |date=May 2000 |title=The "Republic of Taiwan": Legal-Historical Justification for a Taiwanese Declaration of Independence |url=https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NYULawReview-75-2-Carolan.pdf |journal=New York University Law Review |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=429–468 |access-date=17 March 2022 |quote=These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.}} * {{Cite book |author=Zagoria |first=Donald S. |url={{GBurl|id=J6lzCgAAQBAJ|p=68}} |title=Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse |date=30 October 2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-05755-7 |pages=68– |oclc=1058389524 |quote=Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective. |author-link=Donald S. Zagoria}}</ref> ba [[Asia Timur]].{{Efn|name = Southeast Asia|Despite the conventional definition to include Taiwan as part of East Asia, there is some variability as to whether Taiwan is also included in the region of [[Maritime Southeast Asia]]. Some scholars, such as [[Peter Bellwood]] and [[Robert Blust]],<ref name="Bellwood 2017">{{Cite book |last1=Bellwood |first1=Peter S. |title=First islanders: prehistory and human migration in Island Southeast Asia |date=2017 |publisher=Wiley Blackwell|isbn=9781119251552 |edition=First}}</ref>{{Efn|Bellwood's definition: "Island Southeast Asia includes Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei and the Sarawak and Sabah provinces of East Malaysia (northern Borneo), and all of the islands of Indonesia to the west of New Guinea."}}{{Efn|Robert Blust: "The major western island groups include the great Indonesian, or Malay Archipelago, to its north the smaller and more compact Philippine Archipelago, and still further north at 22 to 25 degrees north latitude and some 150 kilometres from the coast of China, the island of Taiwan (Formosa). Together these island groups constitute insular (or island) Southeast Asia."}} include Taiwan as part of [[Southeast Asia]] in their definition. }} Pulau besai Taiwan ke mega dikelala enggau nama Formosa, ba entara Tasik China Timur enggau [[Tasik China Selatan|Selatan]] ba [[Tasik Pasifik]] barat laut, enggau [[China|Republik Rakyat China]] (PRC) ba barat laut, [[Jipun]] ba timur laut, enggau [[Filipina]] ba selatan. Iya ngembuan pemesai 35,808 kilometer persegi (13,826 batu persegi), enggau bukit ti nguasa dua pertiga timur enggau tanah rata ba tiga pertiga barat, ke alai populasyen iya ti balat urban. Kandang menua ke dipegulai ke dikuasa Taiwan bisi 168 bengkah pulau .{{Efn|name = Taiwan Islands|According to official data from [[Executive Yuan]] and local governments of Taiwan, [[Taiwan Area]] consists of total 168 naturally occurring islands. {{Ordered list |1= Taiwan (Formosa) and its offshore islands (22)<ref name="TWN-gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/4447F4A951A1EC45/094b1d53-de8d-4393-bde6-ab092969cce4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304005302/https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/4447F4A951A1EC45/094b1d53-de8d-4393-bde6-ab092969cce4 |archive-date= 4 March 2022|url-status=live|title=國情簡介-土地 |trans-title=Country profile-Territories |publisher=[[Executive Yuan]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=2022|quote=臺灣本島及其21個附屬島嶼面積共3萬5886.8623平方公里。|trans-quote=The main island of Taiwan and its 21 associated islands have a total area of 35,886.8623 square kilometers.}}</ref> |2= [[Penghu Islands]] (90)<ref name="Penghu1">{{Cite web|title=Measure of the area |url=https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228213800/https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=13 |archive-date=28 December 2021|url-status=live|date=2022|access-date=9 March 2022 |publisher=[[Penghu County Government]]}}</ref><ref name="Penghu2">{{Cite web|url=http://phcsp.tmc.ksu.edu.tw/application/record/island|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701020851/http://phcsp.tmc.ksu.edu.tw/application/record/island |archive-date= 1 July 2020|url-status=live|title=澎湖縣各行政區域島嶼簡介|publisher=[[Kun Shan University]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=2022|quote= 澎湖群島原為64個島嶼組成，經2005年澎湖縣政府重新進行澎湖群島島嶼數量清查，係由90座大小島嶼所組成。|trans-quote=The Penghu Archipelago was conventionally considered to comprise 64 islands. In 2005, the Penghu County Government re-scrutinized the total number of islands in the archipelago, which consists of 90 islands of varying sizes.}}</ref>|3= [[Kinmen]], including [[Wuqiu, Kinmen|Wuqiu]] (17)<ref name="Kinmen1">{{Cite journal|url=https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL1JlbEZpbGUvNTU2Ni81MzQzLzAwMTU0ODlfNC5wZGY%3D&n=Mi7ph5HploDnuKPnrKzlm5vmnJ8oMTA0LTEwN%2BW5tCnpm6Lls7bntpzlkIjlu7roqK3lr6bmlr3mlrnmoYgo5qC45a6a5pysKS5wZGY%3D&icon=..pdf|title=自然環境|trans-title=Natural Environment |journal=金門縣第四期（104–107年）離島綜合建設實施方案 |publisher=[[National Development Council (Taiwan)|National Development Council]], [[Executive Yuan]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=23 December 2014|page=44|quote=金門縣總面積151平方公里，除大金門本島外，尚包括小金門、大膽、二膽、東碇、北碇等17個島嶼。西距廈門外港約10海浬，東距臺灣約150海浬，為一典型大陸型島嶼。|trans-quote=The total area of Kinmen County is 151 square kilometers. In addition to the main island of Kinmen, the county also includes [[Lieyu|Xiaokinmen]], [[Dadan Island|Dadan]], [[Erdan Island|Erdan]], [[Dongding Island|Dongding]] and [[Beiding Island|Beiding]] for a total of 17 islands. It is about 10 nautical miles away from the Port of [[Xiamen]] to the west and 150 nautical miles away from Taiwan to the east. It is a typical continental island.}}</ref><ref name="Kinmen2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kinmen.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=22D15C7FFDA4350D#Section_2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302025937/https://www.kinmen.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=22D15C7FFDA4350D|archive-date=2 March 2022|url-status=live|date=8 December 2017|title=About Kinmen |publisher=[[Kinmen County Government]]}}</ref><ref name="Kinmen3">{{Cite journal|url=http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/bitstream/20.500.12235/85379/4/000904.pdf |title=金門的地理與歷史概說|trans-title=The overview of geography and history of Kinmen|journal=第四章 金門的地理、歷史與總體經濟分析|publisher=[[National Taiwan Normal University]]|language=zh-tw|date=20 February 2006|pages=131–134}}</ref>|4= [[Matsu Islands]] (36)<ref name="Matsu1">{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/taiwans-cold-war-fortresses/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416223933/https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/taiwans-cold-war-fortresses/|archive-date=16 April 2021|url-status=live|date=22 February 2017|access-date=9 March 2022|author=Guy Plopsky |title=Taiwan's Cold War Fortresses |publisher=[[The Diplomat]]}}</ref><ref name="Matsu2">{{Cite web|url=http://board.matsu.idv.tw/board_view.php?board=138&pid=69202&link=69202&start=42|title=連江縣志 地理志 |publisher=馬祖資訊網|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=12 May 2011|quote=馬祖列島所涵括的36座島嶼分屬四鄉，各鄉除了包括有聚落發展的較大島嶼外，還轄有數座無人島礁。|trans-quote=Matsu islands encompass 36 Islands which are divided into four townships. In addition to the larger islands with inhabitants, each township also has numerous uninhabited islands and reefs}}</ref>|5= [[Pratas Island]] (1) <ref name="lungtsunni">{{Cite book|script-title=zh:東沙群島-東沙島紀事集錦|url=http://vm.nthu.edu.tw/np/vc/theme/pratas/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022327/http://vm.nthu.edu.tw/np/vc/theme/pratas/|archive-date=30 January 2009|isbn=957-98189-0-8|publisher=[[:zh:臺灣綜合研究院|臺灣綜合研究院]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=1998|author=Lung Tsun-Ni (龍村倪) |page=13 |quote=東沙島為東沙群島唯一島嶼 |trans-quote=Pratas Island is the only island in the Pratas Islands}}</ref><ref name="USStateDept">{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/57674.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715092100/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/57674.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2020|url-status=live|date= 15 November 2005|title=Limits in the Seas – No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims|publisher=United States Department of State|quote=The Pratas Reef lies 230 miles to the southwest of the southern tip of Taiwan. It consists of an island in the mouth of a semicircular shoal open to the west.}}</ref>|6= [[Spratly Islands]] (2, [[Taiping Island|Taiping]] and [[Zhongzhou Reef|Zhongzhou]])}} Note: The [[Senkaku Islands]] (known as "Diaoyu" or "Diaoyutai" in standard Chinese), which are an archipelago of 8 islands and islets in the East China Sea, are controlled by Japan, and are [[Senkaku Islands dispute|disputed]] by the ROC and the PRC (People's Republic of China) as being a part of Taiwan. Japan administers the Senkaku Islands as a part of the [[Ryukyu Islands]].}} dalam semua mungkur {{Convert|36193|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref name="taiwansnapshot"/><ref name="NDC2021">{{Cite report |title=Economic Development R.O.C (Taiwan)|publisher=[[National Development Council (Taiwan)]] |url=https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNTYwNy83MzEvMDAxOTgyMy5wZGY%3D&n=RWNvbm9taWMgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgUi5PLkMgKFRhaXdhbikoMjAxMykucGRm&icon=..pdf.|page=4 |access-date=6 November 2021}}</ref> Kandang nengeri metropolitan ti pemadu besai ditumbuhka [[Taipei]] (indu nengeri), Nengeri Taipei Baru, enggau Keelung. Nengah urung 23.9 juta iku orang, Taiwan entara menua ke pemadu mayuh mensia. ==Asal nama== ===Nama ungkup pulau=== Dalam ''[[Daoyi Zhilüe]]'' (1349), [[Wang Dayuan]] ngena "[[Liuqiu (jeman tengah)|Liuqiu]]" nyadika nama pulau tu, tauka sekeda bagi semak enggau [[Penghu]].{{sfnp|Thompson|1964|p=166}} Ba endur bukai, nama tu dikena ungkup [[Pulau-pulau Ryukyu]] tauka sechara spesifik [[Pulau Okinawa|Okinawa]]; nama ''Ryūkyū'' nya tukuh ''Liúqiú'' dalam jaku Jipun. Nama tu mega ayan ba ''[[Bup Sui]]'' (636) sereta pengawa keterubah ke bukai, tang bala pakar enda sejaku nama tu ditujuka ungkup Ryukyu, Taiwan tauka [[Luzon]].{{sfnp|Thompson|1964|p=163}} Nama ''Formosa'' ({{lang|zh-hant|[[:wikt:福爾摩沙|福爾摩沙]]}}) udah bisi kenyau 1542, lebuh bala pelayar Portugis nuliska nya ba [[charta Portolan|kar]] sida enggau nama ''Ilha Formosa'' ("''beautiful island''" dalam [[jaku Portugis]]).<ref name="yb:history">{{cite book |chapter=Chapter 3: History |chapter-url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/docs/ch03.pdf |title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2011 |year=2011 |publisher=Government Information Office, Republic of China (Taiwan) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514004941/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/docs/ch03.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2012 |page=46}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century |url=https://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/02.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414002106/http://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/02.htm |archive-date=14 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=[[National Palace Museum]]}}</ref> Nama ''Formosa'' lama lama "nganti nama ke bukai dalam litericha Eropah"{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=10|ps=: "A Dutch navigating officer named [[Jan Huyghen van Linschoten|{{sic|Linsc|hotten|nolink=y}}]], employed by the Portuguese, so recorded the island in his charts, and eventually the name of Formosa, so euphonious and yet appropriate, replaced all others in European literature."}} lalu mengkang dikena orang ke bejaku Inggeris nyentuk ngagai abad ke-20.<ref>see for example: * {{cite book |title=Sketches from Formosa |year=1915 |last=Campbell |first=William |author-link=William Campbell (missionary) |publisher=Marshall Brothers |url=https://archive.org/stream/sketchesfromtaiw00camprich#page/278/mode/2up |ol=7051071M}} * {{harvp|Campbell|1903}} * {{harvp|Davidson|1903}}</ref> Dalam taun 1603, sebengkah armada ekspedisyen China besangkai ba endur di Taiwan ke dikumbai ''Dayuan'', siti leman nama "Taiwan", ke datai ari [[jaku Siraya]].{{sfn|Thompson|1964|p=178}}<ref name="chendi">{{cite journal |last=Jenco |first=Leigh K. |year=2020 |title=Chen Di's Record of Formosa (1603) and an Alternative Chinese Imaginary of Otherness |journal=The Historical Journal |volume=64 |pages=17–42 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X1900061X |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=007_103_000069&lang=chn |title=閩海贈言 |website=National Central Library |language=zh |pages=21–29 |access-date=7 January 2023 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328161738/https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=007_103_000069&lang=chn |url-status=live}}</ref> Ba pun kurun ke-17, [[Kompeni Hindia Timur Belanda]] numbuhka pos komersial ba [[Kubu Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Kubu Zeelandia]] (ba [[Pelilih Menua Anping|Anping]] kemaya tu) ba betin pasir ke benama "Tayouan".{{sfnp|Valentijn|1903|p=52}} Nama tu udah nyadi [[ethnonim]] ungkup [[orang asal Taiwan]] ke besemak,<ref name="chendi"/> [[bansa Taivoan|Taivoan]], ti diklasifikasyenka kala nyadi raban mit bansa Siraya.<ref name="chendi"/><ref name="Mair">{{cite web |last=Mair |first=Victor H. |author-link=Victor H. Mair |date=2003 |title=How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language |url=http://pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html |website=Pīnyīn.info |quote=The true derivation of the name "Taiwan" is actually from the ethnonym of a tribe in the southwest part of the island in the area around Ping'an. As early as 1636, a Dutch missionary referred to this group as Taiouwang. From the name of the tribe, the Portuguese called the area around Ping'an as Tayowan, Taiyowan, Tyovon, Teijoan, Toyouan, and so forth. Indeed, already in his ship's log of 1622, the Dutchman Cornelis Reijersen referred to the area as Teijoan and Taiyowan. |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213183153/http://pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Guna nama China kemaya tu ({{lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|臺灣}} / {{linktext|台灣}}}}) nyadi rasmi sepenumu 1684 lebuh jeman [[dinasti Qing]] nengah penumbuh [[Prefektur Taiwan]] ti bepalan ba [[Tainan]] kemaya tu. Nengah pemansang iya ti jampat serata tanah besai Taiwan nyau kelama-lama dikelala enggau nama "Taiwan".<ref name="蔡玉仙等編">{{cite book |script-title=zh:府城文史 |editor=蔡玉仙 |display-editors=etal |year=2007 |publisher=[[Tainan City Government]] |language=zh |isbn=978-986-00-9434-3}}</ref><ref name="石守謙主編">{{cite book |editor=Shih Shou-chien |editor-link=Shih Shou-chien |year=2003 |trans-title=Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century |script-title=zh:福爾摩沙 : 十七世紀的臺灣、荷蘭與東亞 |language=zh |publisher=National Palace Museum |place=Taipei |isbn=978-957-562-441-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kato |first=Mitsutaka |orig-date=1940 |year=2007 |script-title=zh:昨日府城 明星台南: 發現日治下的老臺南 |language=zh |translator=黃秉珩 |publisher=臺南市文化資產保護協會 |isbn=978-957-28079-9-6}}</ref><ref name="Oosterhoff">{{cite book |title=Colonial Cities: Essays on Urbanism in a Colonial Context |editor1-first=Robert |editor1-last=Ross |editor2-first=Gerard J. |editor2-last=Telkamp |chapter=Zeelandia, a Dutch colonial city on Formosa (1624–1662) |first=J.L. |last=Oosterhoff |pages=51–62 |publisher=Springer |year=1985 |isbn=978-90-247-2635-6}}</ref> == Nota == === Nama dalam jaku asal === <references group="upper-roman" /> === Penerang === <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Kereban sanding == <references /> [[Kategori:Menua ba Asia]] 0sr9ykt26o20nqzubq633spdsowjkdg 19081 19080 2026-05-16T11:12:58Z Song GK 9 /* Asal nama */ 19081 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik China | common_name = Taiwan | native_name = {{Unbulleted list|{{Native name|zh-Hant-TW|中華民國|italic=no}}{{Efn native lang|tw|name=word1|t=中華民國|p=Zhōnghuá Mínguó|m=Tiong-hûa Bîn-kok|s=Chûng-fà Mìn-koet}}|{{Smaller|{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Mínguó}} ([[Pinyin]])}}}} | image_flag = Flag of the Republic of China.svg | alt_flag = A red flag, with a small blue rectangle in the top left hand corner on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays. | flag_type = [[Menira Republik China|Menira]] | image_coat = National Emblem of the Republic of China.svg | alt_coat = A blue circular emblem on which sits a white sun composed of a circle surrounded by 12 rays. | symbol_type = [[Langit Biru enggau Mata Panas Burak|Lambang Menua]] | national_anthem = <br />{{Lang|zh-Hant-TW|中華民國國歌}}<br />{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guógē}}<br />"[[Lagu menua Republik China]]"{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[Fail:National anthem of the Republic of China (Taiwan) 中華民國國歌(演奏版).ogg]]}} | flag_anthem = <br />{{Lang|zh-Hant-TW|中華民國國旗歌}}<br />{{Transliteration|zh|Zhōnghuá Míngúo Gúoqígē}}<br />"[[Lagu menira nasional Republik China]]"{{Parabr}}{{Center|[[Fail:中華民國國旗歌 (演奏版).ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[Fail:Free Area of the Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of [[Free area of the Republic of China|territories administered by the ROC (Taiwan Area)]]|[[Fail:Republic of China (orthographic projection).svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Taiwan (dark green) with Mainland Area and historical ROC territorial claims (light green)|default=1}} | map_caption = | largest_city = [[Nengeri Taipei Baru]] | capital = [[Taipei]]{{Efn|[[Taipei]] nya penuduk rasmi [[perintah Republik China]] taja [[Konstitusyen Republik China]] enda nentuka indu menua ''de jure''.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2 |title=Since the implementation of the Act Governing Principles for Editing Geographical Educational Texts (地理敎科書編審原則) in 1997, the guiding principle for all maps in geographical textbooks was that Taipei was to be marked as the capital with a label stating: "Location of the Central Government" |date=4 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191101013333/http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/12/04/2003578264/2 |archive-date=1 November 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>}}<ref name="capital">{{Cite news |title=Interior minister reaffirms Taipei is ROC's capital |date=5 December 2013|url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2013/12/05/2003578356 |newspaper=Taipei Times}}</ref> | coordinates = {{Coord|25|04|N|121|31|E|type:city_region:TW}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2016 | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{Cite book |year=2016 |title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2016 |publisher=Executive Yuan, R.O.C.|url=https://issuu.com/eyroc/docs/the_republic_of_china_yearbook_2016|access-date=31 May 2020 |isbn=978-986-04-9949-0 |page=10|quote=Ethnicity: 70 percent Hoklo; 15 percent Hakka 10–15 percent [[Waishengren|mainlanders]]; 2 percent indigenous Austronesian peoples}}</ref> | ethnic_groups = {{Vunblist |95–97% [[Orang Han Taiwan|Han]] |2.3% [[Bansa asal Taiwan|bansa asal]]{{Efn|Orang penakan orang asal-Han disengkaum dalam itung orang Han.}} |0.7–2.7% [[Raban bansa ba Taiwan|ke bukai]]}} | official_languages = [[Jaku China Standard]]{{Efn|[[Jaku Mandarin Taiwan|Mandarin]] nyadi [[leman jaku China]] ti standard<ref name="推動雙語國家政策問題研析">{{Cite web |title=推動雙語國家政策問題研析|url=https://www.ly.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=6590&pid=173510 |website=ly.gov.tw | date=23 July 2013 |language=zh}}</ref><br />[[Jaku China Vernakular]] (dikena dalam mayuh penyadi) <br />[[Jaku China Klasik]] (dikena dalam pengerami tauka formal, pengawa pengarap tauka budaya, dokumen rasmi, pemutus undang-undang enggau kot sereta dokumen akim)<ref>{{Cite web|title=法律統一用語表-常見公文用語說明|url=http://oga.ncu.edu.tw/ncuoga/dispatch/doc/%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%96%87%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E1050106.pdf|access-date=2 June 2021|language=zh|archive-date=2 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602215646/http://oga.ncu.edu.tw/ncuoga/dispatch/doc/%E5%B8%B8%E8%A6%8B%E5%85%AC%E6%96%87%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E%E8%AA%AA%E6%98%8E1050106.pdf}}</ref> }}<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2012 |date=2012 |isbn=978-986-03-4590-2 |page=24 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 2: People and Language |publisher=Government Information Office |access-date=18 December 2013 |chapter-url=http://www.ey.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=F4FA171B7E10F12F |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131014222446/http://www.ey.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=F4FA171B7E10F12F |archive-date=14 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government Information Office |title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2010 |date=2010 |isbn=978-986-02-5278-1 |page=42 |language=en |chapter=Chapter 2: People and Language |publisher=中華民國政府出版品 |chapter-url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02People&Language.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805173731/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/02People%26Language.pdf |archive-date=5 August 2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Liao |first=Silvie |url=http://naccl.osu.edu/files/21_liao-s.pdf |title=Proceedings of the 20th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics (NACCL-20) |date=2008 |publisher=The Ohio State University |isbn=978-0-9824715-0-0 |editor-last=Chan |editor-first=Marjorie K. M. |volume=1 |page=393 |language=en |chapter=A Perceptual Dialect Study of Taiwan Mandarin: Language Attitudes in the Era of Political Battle |editor-last2=Kang |editor-first2=Hana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224110315/http://naccl.osu.edu/files/21_liao-s.pdf |archive-date=24 December 2013 }}</ref> | languages_type = [[Urup rasmi]] | languages = [[Karakter China Tradisional|China Tradisional]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=行政院第3251次院會決議 |url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/Page/4EC2394BE4EE9DD0/51cc88a4-2066-44da-964d-18e10468f578|website=ey.gov.tw |date=December 2011 |access-date=25 May 2021 |language=zh}}</ref> | languages2_type = [[Jaku nasional]]{{Efn|A national language in Taiwan is legally defined as "a natural language used by an original people group of Taiwan and the [[Taiwan Sign Language]]".<ref name="natLangAct">{{Cite web |script-title=zh:國家語言發展法 |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=H0170143 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date=22 May 2019 |language=zh}}</ref>}} | languages2 = {{Plainlist| *[[Jaku Mandarin Taiwan|Mandarin]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang}} *[[Jaku Hokkien Taiwan|Hokkien]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang|Not designated but meets legal definition.}}{{Efn|name = var-hok|Suah dikelala enggau nama "jaku Taiwan", tu dikumbai leman [[jaku Hokkien]].}} *[[Jaku Hakka Taiwan|Hakka]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Hakka Basic Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0140005 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date=22 May 2019}}</ref> *[[Jaku-jaku Formosa|Formosa]]<ref>{{Cite web |title = Indigenous Languages Development Act |url=https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130037 |website=law.moj.gov.tw |access-date = 22 May 2019}}</ref> *[[Dialek Matsu|Matsu]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang}} *[[Dialek Putian|Wuqiu]]{{Efn|name = nat-lang}} *[[Jaku Isyarat Taiwan]] }} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = <ref name="Pew religion stats">{{Cite web |title=Religious Composition by Country, 2010–2050 |url=http://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/ |website=Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project |date=2 April 2015 |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221014350/https://www.pewforum.org/2015/04/02/religious-projection-table/2020/percent/all/ }}</ref> | religion = {{Vunblist |35.1% [[Buddha ba Taiwan|Buddhism]] |33.0% [[Taoisme]] |26.7% [[Nadai pengarap]] |3.9% [[Kristian ba Taiwan|Kristian]] |1.3% [[Pengarap ba Taiwan|ke bukai]]}} | demonym = | government_type = [[Republik separuh bepresiden]] beserakup<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kucera |first1=Ondrej |title=Is Taiwan a Presidential System? |url=https://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/1036 |journal=China Perspectives |language=fr |doi=10.4000/chinaperspectives.1036 |date=1 July 2006|volume=2006 |issue=4 |s2cid=152497908 |doi-access=free |issn = 1996-4617}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Taiwan - Chiang Kai-shek's Government, Democratization, and Constitutional Reforms |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Taiwan/Government-and-society |website=Britannica|access-date=19 June 2023 }}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Republik China|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Lai Ching-te]] | leader_title2 = [[Sapit Presiden Republik China|Sapit Presiden]] | leader_name2 = [[Hsiao Bi-khim]] | leader_title3 = [[Premier Republik China|Executive Yuan President / Premier]] | leader_name3 = [[Cho Jung-tai]] | leader_title4 = [[President of the Legislative Yuan|Legislative Yuan President]] | leader_name4 = [[Han Kuo-yu]] | leader_title5 = [[List of presidents of the Judicial Yuan|Judicial Yuan President]] | leader_name5 = [[Hsu Tzong-li]] | legislature = [[Legislative Yuan]]{{Efn|While the [[Tricameralism|tricameral parliament]] continues to exist ''de jure'', the [[National Assembly (Republic of China)|National Assembly]] (electoral college) was ''de facto'' suspended in 2005 and the [[Control Yuan]] (upper house) ceased to be a parliamentary chamber ''de facto'' in 1993 leaving the Legislative Yuan (lower house) as the ''de facto'' unicameral chamber.}} | sovereignty_type = [[Sejarah Taiwan|Penumbuh]] | sovereignty_note = | established_event1 = [[Republik China (1912–1949)|Republik China]] ditumbuhka | established_date1 = 10 October 1911{{Efn|The formal proclamation of the statehood for the Republic of China was on 1 January 1912.}} | established_event2 = [[History of Taiwan (1945–present)|Taiwan under ROC rule]]{{Efn|Interpretations on whether this entails a complete transfer of the territory's sovereignty to the Republic of China vary. Japan renounced its claims to Taiwan and the Pescadores in the [[Treaty of San Francisco]] in 1952; see [[Retrocession Day]], [[Theory of the Undetermined Status of Taiwan]] and [[political status of Taiwan]].}} | established_date2 = 25 October 1945 | established_event3 = [[Retreat of the Republic of China to Taiwan|Retreat of ROC to Taiwan]] | established_date3 = 7 December 1949 | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | area_km2 = 36,197 | area_footnote = <ref name="taiwansnapshot">{{Cite web|url=https://www.taiwan.gov.tw/images/content/ts.JPG|title=TAIWAN SNAPSHOT|access-date=15 March 2020}}</ref><ref name="cia-factbook" /> | area_rank = <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]; should not be any here --> | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 23,894,394<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/taiwan-population | title=Population of Taiwan as of July 2022 }}</ref> | population_census = 23,123,866<ref>{{Cite web|title=General Statistical analysis report, Population and Housing Census|url=http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/5428162113SIDMH93P.pdf|website=National Statistics, ROC (Taiwan)|access-date=26 November 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226090918/http://eng.stat.gov.tw/public/Data/5428162113SIDMH93P.pdf|archive-date=26 December 2016}}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 1 July 2022 | population_estimate_rank = 56th | population_census_year = 2010 | population_census_rank = | population_density_km2 = 650 | population_density_rank = 17th | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $1.685&nbsp;trillion <ref name="IMFWEO.TW">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=528,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Taiwan) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |date=10 October 2023}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2023 | GDP_PPP_rank = 20th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $72,485<ref name="IMFWEO.TW" /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 15th | GDP_nominal = {{Decrease}} $751.930&nbsp;billion<ref name="IMFWEO.TW" /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2023 | GDP_nominal_rank = 21st | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Decrease}} $32,339<ref name="IMFWEO.TW" /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 30th | Gini = 34.1 | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = increase | Gini_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |title=Percentage share of disposable income by quintile groups of income recipients and measures of income distribution |url=https://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/106/a11/Year17.ods |website=stat.gov.tw |access-date=26 June 2019 |archive-date=14 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220714175850/https://win.dgbas.gov.tw/fies/doc/result/106/a11/Year17.ods }}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.926 | HDI_year = 2021 | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = {{Efn |name="HDI-1"}}<ref name="HDI 2021">{{Cite web|url=https://ws.dgbas.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9VcGxvYWQvMC9yZWxmaWxlLzExMDIwLzIyOTU5MS9iNDdhNmYyYy1jNjY2LTRjZDAtYmQ2Ni03OGEyYjMwMmM4MzkucGRm&n=TjExMTEwMTQucGRm&icon=.pdf|title=國情統計通報（第 195 號）|publisher= [[Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics]], Executive Yuan, Taiwan (ROC)|date=14 October 2021}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 19th | currency = [[New Taiwan dollar]] (NT$) | currency_code = TWD | time_zone = [[Jam ba Taiwan|Jam Standard Nasional]] | utc_offset = +8 | cctld = [[.tw|.tw]], [[.台灣|.台灣]], [[.台湾|.台湾]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://brussels38.icann.org/meetings/brussels2010/transcript-board-25jun10-en.txt |title=ICANN Board Meeting Minutes |publisher=ICANN |date=25 June 2010}}</ref> }} '''Taiwan''',{{Efn|name = ROC territory|There are four contemporary geopolitical definitions of the extent of "Taiwan": {{Ordered list |1= The common name referring to the state, also known as the "Republic of China" (ROC), including [[List of islands of Taiwan|all 168 islands administered by the ROC]], collectively known as [[Taiwan Area]];<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mac.gov.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=4F2E0C155DF44564&sms=2C46F5E37DC2E1D2&s=1403D3EA1BC2B0B9|publisher=[[Mainland Affairs Council]], [[Executive Yuan]]|title=Laws and Regulations Regarding Mainland Affairs|website=mac.gov.tw|date=17 September 2020|quote= Article 2: The following terms as used in this Act are defined below.<br />1. "Taiwan Area" refers to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and any other area under the effective control of the Government.|access-date=23 September 2021}}</ref> |2= The traditional Taiwan region ({{Lang|zh-tw|本島地區}}), which consists of the main island of Taiwan and its surrounding islands, including the [[Penghu islands]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/|publisher=[[American Institute in Taiwan]] |title=Taiwan Relations Act |website=ait.org.tw|date=30 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819023930/https://www.ait.org.tw/taiwan-relations-act-public-law-96-8-22-u-s-c-3301-et-seq/|archive-date=19 August 2022|access-date=14 December 2022|quote= ...Section. 15. For purposes of this Act- 2. the term "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores (Penghu).|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=6|title=Geography|publisher=[[Penghu County Government]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209094056/https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=6|archive-date=9 December 2022|quote=Penghu locates on the Taiwan Strait between China and Taiwan in Asia. It is the only island county of Taiwan... The utmost west isle (of Penghu) is also the utmost west boundary of Taiwan.|access-date= 14 December 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> but excludes [[Kinmen]], [[Matsu Islands|Matsu]], and [[Wuqiu, Kinmen|Wuqiu]], those are traditionally parts of [[Fuchien Province, Republic of China|Fujian Province]], and also excluding the ROC-controlled [[South China Sea Islands]]; |3= The traditional region without Penghu, which is sometimes regarded as a separate region; | 4= The main island of Taiwan (Formosa) alone, excluding all the offshore islands nearby.}}}} tauka nama resmi iya '''Republik China''' {{Efn|See [[#Etymology|etymology]] below.|name=|group=}} nya sebengkah menua<ref>Multiple sources: * {{Cite book |author=Kort |first=Michael |url=https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 |title=The Handbook Of East Asia |publisher=Lerner Publishing Group |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-7613-2672-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/handbookofeastas0000kort/page/7 7] |quote=South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC. |author-link=Michael Kort |access-date=26 June 2022}} * {{Cite book |last1=Fell |first1=Dafydd |url={{GBurl|id=i8hHDwAAQBAJ}} |title=Government and Politics in Taiwan |date=2018 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-317-28506-9 |page=305 |quote=Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image. |author1-link=Dafydd Fell}} * {{Cite magazine |last1=Campbell |first1=Matthew |date=7 January 2020 |title=China's Next Crisis Brews in Taiwan's Upcoming Election |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2020-01-07/china-s-next-crisis-brews-in-taiwan-s-upcoming-election |magazine=[[Bloomberg Businessweek]] |pages=34–39 |issue=4642 |quote=Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country}} * {{Cite journal |last=Carolan |first=Christopher |date=May 2000 |title=The "Republic of Taiwan": Legal-Historical Justification for a Taiwanese Declaration of Independence |url=https://www.nyulawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NYULawReview-75-2-Carolan.pdf |journal=New York University Law Review |volume=75 |issue=2 |pages=429–468 |access-date=17 March 2022 |quote=These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.}} * {{Cite book |author=Zagoria |first=Donald S. |url={{GBurl|id=J6lzCgAAQBAJ|p=68}} |title=Breaking the China-Taiwan Impasse |date=30 October 2003 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=978-0-313-05755-7 |pages=68– |oclc=1058389524 |quote=Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective. |author-link=Donald S. Zagoria}}</ref> ba [[Asia Timur]].{{Efn|name = Southeast Asia|Despite the conventional definition to include Taiwan as part of East Asia, there is some variability as to whether Taiwan is also included in the region of [[Maritime Southeast Asia]]. Some scholars, such as [[Peter Bellwood]] and [[Robert Blust]],<ref name="Bellwood 2017">{{Cite book |last1=Bellwood |first1=Peter S. |title=First islanders: prehistory and human migration in Island Southeast Asia |date=2017 |publisher=Wiley Blackwell|isbn=9781119251552 |edition=First}}</ref>{{Efn|Bellwood's definition: "Island Southeast Asia includes Taiwan, the Philippines, Brunei and the Sarawak and Sabah provinces of East Malaysia (northern Borneo), and all of the islands of Indonesia to the west of New Guinea."}}{{Efn|Robert Blust: "The major western island groups include the great Indonesian, or Malay Archipelago, to its north the smaller and more compact Philippine Archipelago, and still further north at 22 to 25 degrees north latitude and some 150 kilometres from the coast of China, the island of Taiwan (Formosa). Together these island groups constitute insular (or island) Southeast Asia."}} include Taiwan as part of [[Southeast Asia]] in their definition. }} Pulau besai Taiwan ke mega dikelala enggau nama Formosa, ba entara Tasik China Timur enggau [[Tasik China Selatan|Selatan]] ba [[Tasik Pasifik]] barat laut, enggau [[China|Republik Rakyat China]] (PRC) ba barat laut, [[Jipun]] ba timur laut, enggau [[Filipina]] ba selatan. Iya ngembuan pemesai 35,808 kilometer persegi (13,826 batu persegi), enggau bukit ti nguasa dua pertiga timur enggau tanah rata ba tiga pertiga barat, ke alai populasyen iya ti balat urban. Kandang menua ke dipegulai ke dikuasa Taiwan bisi 168 bengkah pulau .{{Efn|name = Taiwan Islands|According to official data from [[Executive Yuan]] and local governments of Taiwan, [[Taiwan Area]] consists of total 168 naturally occurring islands. {{Ordered list |1= Taiwan (Formosa) and its offshore islands (22)<ref name="TWN-gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/4447F4A951A1EC45/094b1d53-de8d-4393-bde6-ab092969cce4|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220304005302/https://www.ey.gov.tw/state/4447F4A951A1EC45/094b1d53-de8d-4393-bde6-ab092969cce4 |archive-date= 4 March 2022|url-status=live|title=國情簡介-土地 |trans-title=Country profile-Territories |publisher=[[Executive Yuan]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=2022|quote=臺灣本島及其21個附屬島嶼面積共3萬5886.8623平方公里。|trans-quote=The main island of Taiwan and its 21 associated islands have a total area of 35,886.8623 square kilometers.}}</ref> |2= [[Penghu Islands]] (90)<ref name="Penghu1">{{Cite web|title=Measure of the area |url=https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211228213800/https://www.penghu.gov.tw/en/home.jsp?id=13 |archive-date=28 December 2021|url-status=live|date=2022|access-date=9 March 2022 |publisher=[[Penghu County Government]]}}</ref><ref name="Penghu2">{{Cite web|url=http://phcsp.tmc.ksu.edu.tw/application/record/island|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200701020851/http://phcsp.tmc.ksu.edu.tw/application/record/island |archive-date= 1 July 2020|url-status=live|title=澎湖縣各行政區域島嶼簡介|publisher=[[Kun Shan University]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=2022|quote= 澎湖群島原為64個島嶼組成，經2005年澎湖縣政府重新進行澎湖群島島嶼數量清查，係由90座大小島嶼所組成。|trans-quote=The Penghu Archipelago was conventionally considered to comprise 64 islands. In 2005, the Penghu County Government re-scrutinized the total number of islands in the archipelago, which consists of 90 islands of varying sizes.}}</ref>|3= [[Kinmen]], including [[Wuqiu, Kinmen|Wuqiu]] (17)<ref name="Kinmen1">{{Cite journal|url=https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL1JlbEZpbGUvNTU2Ni81MzQzLzAwMTU0ODlfNC5wZGY%3D&n=Mi7ph5HploDnuKPnrKzlm5vmnJ8oMTA0LTEwN%2BW5tCnpm6Lls7bntpzlkIjlu7roqK3lr6bmlr3mlrnmoYgo5qC45a6a5pysKS5wZGY%3D&icon=..pdf|title=自然環境|trans-title=Natural Environment |journal=金門縣第四期（104–107年）離島綜合建設實施方案 |publisher=[[National Development Council (Taiwan)|National Development Council]], [[Executive Yuan]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=23 December 2014|page=44|quote=金門縣總面積151平方公里，除大金門本島外，尚包括小金門、大膽、二膽、東碇、北碇等17個島嶼。西距廈門外港約10海浬，東距臺灣約150海浬，為一典型大陸型島嶼。|trans-quote=The total area of Kinmen County is 151 square kilometers. In addition to the main island of Kinmen, the county also includes [[Lieyu|Xiaokinmen]], [[Dadan Island|Dadan]], [[Erdan Island|Erdan]], [[Dongding Island|Dongding]] and [[Beiding Island|Beiding]] for a total of 17 islands. It is about 10 nautical miles away from the Port of [[Xiamen]] to the west and 150 nautical miles away from Taiwan to the east. It is a typical continental island.}}</ref><ref name="Kinmen2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.kinmen.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=22D15C7FFDA4350D#Section_2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302025937/https://www.kinmen.gov.tw/en/cp.aspx?n=22D15C7FFDA4350D|archive-date=2 March 2022|url-status=live|date=8 December 2017|title=About Kinmen |publisher=[[Kinmen County Government]]}}</ref><ref name="Kinmen3">{{Cite journal|url=http://rportal.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/bitstream/20.500.12235/85379/4/000904.pdf |title=金門的地理與歷史概說|trans-title=The overview of geography and history of Kinmen|journal=第四章 金門的地理、歷史與總體經濟分析|publisher=[[National Taiwan Normal University]]|language=zh-tw|date=20 February 2006|pages=131–134}}</ref>|4= [[Matsu Islands]] (36)<ref name="Matsu1">{{Cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/taiwans-cold-war-fortresses/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416223933/https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/taiwans-cold-war-fortresses/|archive-date=16 April 2021|url-status=live|date=22 February 2017|access-date=9 March 2022|author=Guy Plopsky |title=Taiwan's Cold War Fortresses |publisher=[[The Diplomat]]}}</ref><ref name="Matsu2">{{Cite web|url=http://board.matsu.idv.tw/board_view.php?board=138&pid=69202&link=69202&start=42|title=連江縣志 地理志 |publisher=馬祖資訊網|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=12 May 2011|quote=馬祖列島所涵括的36座島嶼分屬四鄉，各鄉除了包括有聚落發展的較大島嶼外，還轄有數座無人島礁。|trans-quote=Matsu islands encompass 36 Islands which are divided into four townships. In addition to the larger islands with inhabitants, each township also has numerous uninhabited islands and reefs}}</ref>|5= [[Pratas Island]] (1) <ref name="lungtsunni">{{Cite book|script-title=zh:東沙群島-東沙島紀事集錦|url=http://vm.nthu.edu.tw/np/vc/theme/pratas/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090130022327/http://vm.nthu.edu.tw/np/vc/theme/pratas/|archive-date=30 January 2009|isbn=957-98189-0-8|publisher=[[:zh:臺灣綜合研究院|臺灣綜合研究院]]|language=zh-tw<!--,en-->|date=1998|author=Lung Tsun-Ni (龍村倪) |page=13 |quote=東沙島為東沙群島唯一島嶼 |trans-quote=Pratas Island is the only island in the Pratas Islands}}</ref><ref name="USStateDept">{{Cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/57674.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715092100/https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/57674.pdf|archive-date=15 July 2020|url-status=live|date= 15 November 2005|title=Limits in the Seas – No. 127 Taiwan's Maritime Claims|publisher=United States Department of State|quote=The Pratas Reef lies 230 miles to the southwest of the southern tip of Taiwan. It consists of an island in the mouth of a semicircular shoal open to the west.}}</ref>|6= [[Spratly Islands]] (2, [[Taiping Island|Taiping]] and [[Zhongzhou Reef|Zhongzhou]])}} Note: The [[Senkaku Islands]] (known as "Diaoyu" or "Diaoyutai" in standard Chinese), which are an archipelago of 8 islands and islets in the East China Sea, are controlled by Japan, and are [[Senkaku Islands dispute|disputed]] by the ROC and the PRC (People's Republic of China) as being a part of Taiwan. Japan administers the Senkaku Islands as a part of the [[Ryukyu Islands]].}} dalam semua mungkur {{Convert|36193|km2|abbr=off}}.<ref name="taiwansnapshot"/><ref name="NDC2021">{{Cite report |title=Economic Development R.O.C (Taiwan)|publisher=[[National Development Council (Taiwan)]] |url=https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzEwL3JlbGZpbGUvNTYwNy83MzEvMDAxOTgyMy5wZGY%3D&n=RWNvbm9taWMgRGV2ZWxvcG1lbnQgUi5PLkMgKFRhaXdhbikoMjAxMykucGRm&icon=..pdf.|page=4 |access-date=6 November 2021}}</ref> Kandang nengeri metropolitan ti pemadu besai ditumbuhka [[Taipei]] (indu nengeri), Nengeri Taipei Baru, enggau Keelung. Nengah urung 23.9 juta iku orang, Taiwan entara menua ke pemadu mayuh mensia. ==Asal nama== ===Nama ungkup pulau=== Dalam ''[[Daoyi Zhilüe]]'' (1349), [[Wang Dayuan]] ngena "[[Liuqiu (jeman tengah)|Liuqiu]]" nyadika nama pulau tu, tauka sekeda bagi semak enggau [[Penghu]].{{sfnp|Thompson|1964|p=166}} Ba endur bukai, nama tu dikena ungkup [[Pulau-pulau Ryukyu]] tauka sechara spesifik [[Pulau Okinawa|Okinawa]]; nama ''Ryūkyū'' nya tukuh ''Liúqiú'' dalam jaku Jipun. Nama tu mega ayan ba ''[[Bup Sui]]'' (636) sereta pengawa keterubah ke bukai, tang bala pakar enda sejaku nama tu ditujuka ungkup Ryukyu, Taiwan tauka [[Luzon]].{{sfnp|Thompson|1964|p=163}} Nama ''Formosa'' ({{lang|zh-hant|[[:wikt:福爾摩沙|福爾摩沙]]}}) udah bisi kenyau 1542, lebuh bala pelayar Portugis nuliska nya ba [[charta Portolan|kar]] sida enggau nama ''Ilha Formosa'' ("''beautiful island''" dalam [[jaku Portugis]]).<ref name="yb:history">{{cite book |chapter=Chapter 3: History |chapter-url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/docs/ch03.pdf |title=The Republic of China Yearbook 2011 |year=2011 |publisher=Government Information Office, Republic of China (Taiwan) |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514004941/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/docs/ch03.pdf |archive-date=14 May 2012 |page=46}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century |url=https://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/02.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180414002106/http://www.npm.gov.tw/exhbition/formosa/english/02.htm |archive-date=14 April 2018 |access-date=12 April 2018 |website=[[National Palace Museum]]}}</ref> Nama ''Formosa'' lama lama "nganti nama ke bukai dalam litericha Eropah"{{sfnp|Davidson|1903|p=10|ps=: "A Dutch navigating officer named [[Jan Huyghen van Linschoten|{{sic|Linsc|hotten|nolink=y}}]], employed by the Portuguese, so recorded the island in his charts, and eventually the name of Formosa, so euphonious and yet appropriate, replaced all others in European literature."}} lalu mengkang dikena orang ke bejaku Inggeris nyentuk ngagai abad ke-20.<ref>see for example: * {{cite book |title=Sketches from Formosa |year=1915 |last=Campbell |first=William |author-link=William Campbell (missionary) |publisher=Marshall Brothers |url=https://archive.org/stream/sketchesfromtaiw00camprich#page/278/mode/2up |ol=7051071M}} * {{harvp|Campbell|1903}} * {{harvp|Davidson|1903}}</ref> Dalam taun 1603, sebengkah armada ekspedisyen China besangkai ba endur di Taiwan ke dikumbai ''Dayuan'', siti leman nama "Taiwan", ke datai ari [[jaku Siraya]].{{sfn|Thompson|1964|p=178}}<ref name="chendi">{{cite journal |last=Jenco |first=Leigh K. |year=2020 |title=Chen Di's Record of Formosa (1603) and an Alternative Chinese Imaginary of Otherness |journal=The Historical Journal |volume=64 |pages=17–42 |doi=10.1017/S0018246X1900061X |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=007_103_000069&lang=chn |title=閩海贈言 |website=National Central Library |language=zh |pages=21–29 |access-date=7 January 2023 |archive-date=28 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230328161738/https://tm.ncl.edu.tw/article?u=007_103_000069&lang=chn |url-status=live}}</ref> Ba pun kurun ke-17, [[Kompeni Hindia Timur Belanda]] numbuhka pos komersial ba [[Kubu Zeelandia (Taiwan)|Kubu Zeelandia]] (ba [[Pelilih Menua Anping|Anping]] kemaya tu) ba betin pasir ke benama "Tayouan".{{sfnp|Valentijn|1903|p=52}} Nama tu udah nyadi [[ethnonim]] ungkup [[bansa asal Taiwan]] ke besemak,<ref name="chendi"/> [[bansa Taivoan|Taivoan]], ti diklasifikasyenka kala nyadi raban mit bansa Siraya.<ref name="chendi"/><ref name="Mair">{{cite web |last=Mair |first=Victor H. |author-link=Victor H. Mair |date=2003 |title=How to Forget Your Mother Tongue and Remember Your National Language |url=http://pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html |website=Pīnyīn.info |quote=The true derivation of the name "Taiwan" is actually from the ethnonym of a tribe in the southwest part of the island in the area around Ping'an. As early as 1636, a Dutch missionary referred to this group as Taiouwang. From the name of the tribe, the Portuguese called the area around Ping'an as Tayowan, Taiyowan, Tyovon, Teijoan, Toyouan, and so forth. Indeed, already in his ship's log of 1622, the Dutchman Cornelis Reijersen referred to the area as Teijoan and Taiyowan. |access-date=5 April 2018 |archive-date=13 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213183153/http://pinyin.info/readings/mair/taiwanese.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Guna nama China kemaya tu ({{lang|zh-hant|{{linktext|臺灣}} / {{linktext|台灣}}}}) nyadi rasmi sepenumu 1684 lebuh jeman [[dinasti Qing]] nengah penumbuh [[Prefektur Taiwan]] ti bepalan ba [[Tainan]] kemaya tu. Nengah pemansang iya ti jampat serata tanah besai Taiwan nyau kelama-lama dikelala enggau nama "Taiwan".<ref name="蔡玉仙等編">{{cite book |script-title=zh:府城文史 |editor=蔡玉仙 |display-editors=etal |year=2007 |publisher=[[Tainan City Government]] |language=zh |isbn=978-986-00-9434-3}}</ref><ref name="石守謙主編">{{cite book |editor=Shih Shou-chien |editor-link=Shih Shou-chien |year=2003 |trans-title=Ilha Formosa: the Emergence of Taiwan on the World Scene in the 17th Century |script-title=zh:福爾摩沙 : 十七世紀的臺灣、荷蘭與東亞 |language=zh |publisher=National Palace Museum |place=Taipei |isbn=978-957-562-441-5}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Kato |first=Mitsutaka |orig-date=1940 |year=2007 |script-title=zh:昨日府城 明星台南: 發現日治下的老臺南 |language=zh |translator=黃秉珩 |publisher=臺南市文化資產保護協會 |isbn=978-957-28079-9-6}}</ref><ref name="Oosterhoff">{{cite book |title=Colonial Cities: Essays on Urbanism in a Colonial Context |editor1-first=Robert |editor1-last=Ross |editor2-first=Gerard J. |editor2-last=Telkamp |chapter=Zeelandia, a Dutch colonial city on Formosa (1624–1662) |first=J.L. |last=Oosterhoff |pages=51–62 |publisher=Springer |year=1985 |isbn=978-90-247-2635-6}}</ref> == Nota == === Nama dalam jaku asal === <references group="upper-roman" /> === Penerang === <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Kereban sanding == <references /> [[Kategori:Menua ba Asia]] ocn5yyo1iktlf3cuvphqepnuiqdob6g 4 3594 19071 12402 2026-05-15T15:08:27Z Song GK 9 19071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[16 Me]]''': '''[[Hari Pengajar ba Malaysia|Hari Pengajar]]''' ba Malaysia <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em"> [[Fail:Rootbeerfoam2.JPG|100x101px|Rutbir]] </div> {{*mp}} [[1204]] – [[Perang Regang Keempat]]: <!--[[Count Flanders|-->Count [[Baldwin I ari Konstantinopel|'''Baldwin IX''']] ari [[Kandang Menua Flanders|Flanders]] dichiri nyadi [[Empayar Latin|Raja Besai Latin]] keterubah ti megai [[Konstantinopel]]. {{*mp}} [[1527]] – Sebilik [[Medici]] diburu kedua kali ari '''[[Florence]]''' lalu siti [[republik]] ditumbuhka baru. {{*mp}} [[1866]] – '''[[Rutbia]]''' ''(gambar)'' diasilka pakar farmasi [[Charles Elmer Hires]] enggau chara komersil ungkup keterubah kali iya. {{*mp}} [[1960]] – Pakar fizik A.S. [[Theodore Maiman]] ngaga '''[[laser]]''' keterubah, di ''Hughes Research Laboratories'' ba [[Malibu, California|Malibu]], California. {{*mp}} [[1966]] – [[Mao Zedong]] ngelanchar '''[[Revolusyen Budaya]]''' nyadi siti kimpin kena ngelepas China ari elemen [[borjuis]] liberal dalam menua nya lalu neruska siti revolusyen [[pengelaban kelas]] parti iya. </li> Hari-hari sebedau: [[15 Me]] &ndash; [[14 Me]] &ndash; [[13 Me]] {{SelAnnivFooter|Month=Mei}} <noinclude> </noinclude> 9fmklqd3jcjs02m9ftp6iizjyny8w69 19072 19071 2026-05-15T15:08:40Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/16 Mei]] ke [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/16 Me]]: Sepil nitihka sepil Tun Jugah 19071 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[16 Me]]''': '''[[Hari Pengajar ba Malaysia|Hari Pengajar]]''' ba Malaysia <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em"> [[Fail:Rootbeerfoam2.JPG|100x101px|Rutbir]] </div> {{*mp}} [[1204]] – [[Perang Regang Keempat]]: <!--[[Count Flanders|-->Count [[Baldwin I ari Konstantinopel|'''Baldwin IX''']] ari [[Kandang Menua Flanders|Flanders]] dichiri nyadi [[Empayar Latin|Raja Besai Latin]] keterubah ti megai [[Konstantinopel]]. {{*mp}} [[1527]] – Sebilik [[Medici]] diburu kedua kali ari '''[[Florence]]''' lalu siti [[republik]] ditumbuhka baru. {{*mp}} [[1866]] – '''[[Rutbia]]''' ''(gambar)'' diasilka pakar farmasi [[Charles Elmer Hires]] enggau chara komersil ungkup keterubah kali iya. {{*mp}} [[1960]] – Pakar fizik A.S. [[Theodore Maiman]] ngaga '''[[laser]]''' keterubah, di ''Hughes Research Laboratories'' ba [[Malibu, California|Malibu]], California. {{*mp}} [[1966]] – [[Mao Zedong]] ngelanchar '''[[Revolusyen Budaya]]''' nyadi siti kimpin kena ngelepas China ari elemen [[borjuis]] liberal dalam menua nya lalu neruska siti revolusyen [[pengelaban kelas]] parti iya. </li> Hari-hari sebedau: [[15 Me]] &ndash; [[14 Me]] &ndash; [[13 Me]] {{SelAnnivFooter|Month=Mei}} <noinclude> </noinclude> 9fmklqd3jcjs02m9ftp6iizjyny8w69 0 6581 19064 19044 2026-05-15T12:49:32Z ~2026-29281-33 2318 19064 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2023-11-16_Gala_de_los_Latin_Grammy,_03_(cropped)02.jpg|thumb|Shakira (2023)]] '''Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll''' (ada 2 Februari 1977), dikelala enggau nama '''Shakira''', iya nya siku penyanyi, penulis lagu, enggau penari tebilang ari Colombia. Dikelala enggau gaya muzik ti bemacham sereta dikumbai "Ratu Muzik Latin",<ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/articles/c9d3g68478no</ref> iya siku orang ti bepengaruh amat ba industri pemerindang dunya. Enggau anggar jualan lebih 95 juta rekod, iya siku ari artis muzik ti pemadu laku sepanjai maya.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/pop/shakira-greatest-pop-stars-21st-century-1235777625/</ref> Penerai baka ''Billboard'' enggau ''Forbes'' udah ngengkahka iya entara artis ke pemadu mujur dalam sejarah muzik. Pengudah nyain sempekat enggau Sony Music Colombia, Shakira bulih kelala ba renggat antarabansa nengah album ''Pies Descalzos'' (1995) enggau ''Dónde Están los Ladrones?'' (1998). Album Inggris keterubah iya, ''Laundry Service'' (2001), mansik muzik pop-rock lalu ngasilka lagu hit dunya "Whenever, Wherever" enggau "Underneath Your Clothes".<ref>https://www.wunc.org/2023-09-13/shakira-didnt-just-cross-over-she-created-a-new-multicultural-pop-stardom</ref> Muzik iya terus tebilang enggau rintai lagu tunggal ti mujur baka "Hips Don't Lie", "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)", enggau "Loca". Berindik ari album ''El Dorado'' (2017) ti menang Anugerah Grammy, iya ngerembaika muzik urban ba album ''Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran'' (2024).<ref>https://www.grammy.com/artists/shakira/17393</ref> Ba taun 2026, iya baru aja ngeluarka lagu "Dai Dai" (begulai enggau Burna Boy) nyadi lagu rasmi ungkup Pekit Bol Dunya FIFA 2026.<ref>https://www.billboard.com/music/latin/shakira-burna-boy-dai-dai-fifa-world-cup-song-1236247777/</ref> == Kereban sanding == <references /> == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Instagram|shakira|shakira}} * [https://www.shakira.com shakira.com] 2fgl5n7jsxnw98rocdzs7utxzkgjjww 0 6591 19065 2026-05-15T14:58:59Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox museum | name = Muzium Sejarah Kaohsiung | native_name = 高雄市立歷史博物館 | native_name_lang = zh | logo = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Kaohsiung Museum of History face 20101031.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size...' 19065 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox museum | name = Muzium Sejarah Kaohsiung | native_name = 高雄市立歷史博物館 | native_name_lang = zh | logo = | logo_upright = | logo_alt = | logo_caption = | image = Kaohsiung Museum of History face 20101031.jpg | image_upright = | alt = | caption = | map_type = | map_relief = | map_size = | map_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|22|37|36.3|N|120|17|12.8|E|type:landmark_region:TW|display=title,inline}} | former_name = Dewan Nengeri Kaohsiung | established = 16 September 1939 (nyadi Dewan Nengeri Kaohsiung)<br>25 Oktober 1998 (nyadi Muzium Sejarah Kaohsiung)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kcg.gov.tw/EN/CP.aspx?n=9A2970292D8243CC&s=07394882C745C79D|title=Welcome to Kaohsiung City|publisher=}}</ref> | dissolved = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD|df=y}} --> | location = [[Pelilih Menua Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Yancheng]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]] | type = [[Muzium]] | accreditation = | key_holdings = | collections = | collection_size = | visitors = | founder = | executive_director = | leader_type = | leader = | director = | president = | ceo = | chairperson = | curator = | architect = [[Oono Yonezirou]] | historian = | owner = | publictransit = | car_park = | parking = | network = | website = {{URL|1=http://khm.org.tw}} | embedded = }} '''Muzium Nengeri Kaohsiung''' ({{zh|t=高雄市立歷史博物館|s=高雄市立历史博物馆|first=t|p=Gāoxióng Shìlì Lìshǐ Bówùguǎn}}) nya sebengkah muzium ti bepalan ba [[Pelilih Menua Yancheng, Kaohsiung|Pelilih Menua Yancheng]], [[Kaohsiung]], [[Taiwan]]. Tu diatur [[Perintah Nengeri Kaohsiung]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/about/aboutkmh |title=The KMH Story |publisher= |access-date=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025602/http://khm.org.tw/en/about/aboutkmh |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Sejarah== Begunan muzium tu asal iya [[Perintah Nengeri Kaohsiung|Dewan Nengeri Kaohsiung]]. Iya digaga arkitek Jepun Oono Yonezirou, bekereja enggau Korporasyem Shimizu ari baruh [[Taiwan baruh pegai Jipun|perintah Jipun]], lalu tembu dalam taun 1939.<ref name="Lin2015">{{cite book|author=Francis Chia-Hui Lin|title=Heteroglossic Asia: The Transformation of Urban Taiwan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BYIcBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT85|date=9 January 2015|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-62637-4|pages=85–}}</ref> Pengudah taun 1945, balai raya nya diberi nama baru ngagai Perintah Nengeri Kaohsiung. Kena 18 Januari 1992, perintah perbandaran mindah ngagai Begunan Opis Serakup lalu begunan lama nya diubah nyadi Muzium Sejarah Kaohsiung ti dibuka kena 25 Oktober 1998. ==Arkitektur== Arkitektur begunan nya nyadika chunto [[gaya Mahkota Imperial]] Jipun. Iya digaga ngena [[konkrit tegap]] dikena ngelaban seismik, laban Taiwan mudah kena tanah berenyang. Luar begunan nya ngena chura pengkalan soldadu iya nya gadung terang. Iya keseluruhan ngena menara besai enggau gaya sub-menara simetris dua piak. Menara besai nya ba atas ringkat empat. Kededua menara besai enggau sub-menara ba kededua piak ditambah enggau tradisional Jepun empat sukut tajam atas enggau atap jubin bekilat. Sida diias enggau menara gaya Aquarius, chura bungai plum titik ujan enggau chura krisantimum Jipun ti bisi riben. Dinding begunan nya diukir enggau mayuh macham hiasan lalu jenila digaga ngena asil jari ti chukup manah sereta pintar. Bagi dalam begunan nya bisi tangga betukuh Y ba lobi ti mewah, koridor ti melengkung estetik ba tisi, patio ti besiling tinggi ti terang sereta chura timur enggau barat tiang besai. Perengka iyas tu melambangka kuasa perintah Jipun ti beprestij sereta champur seni bina ti harmoni ba timur enggau barat.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |title=Architectural Style of KMH |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729025620/http://khm.org.tw/en/about/architectural |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Koleksyen== Muzium Sejarah Kaohsiung (KMH) dikearapka nyadi palan nyimpan sejarah kandang menua Kaohsiung nengah chara numbuhka koleksyen nya bepelasarka “pemansang Nengeri Kaohsiung”. Dikena ngetanka penemu latar belakang setempat sereta ngemeratka tukuh kandang menua nya seraya bekunsi enggau mensia mayuh, KMH sistematik ngaga analisis, ngumpul sereta ngintu trek sejarah enggau multikulturalisme Kaohsiung, ngayanka reti ke beguna amat orang ke diau di Kaohsiung sereta ngarika isu budaya peristiwa sosial ba iya enggau pansik, pengawa pemandang enggau pengawa ngelakuka pelajar.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/collections/overview |title=Collection Overview |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729031830/http://khm.org.tw/en/collections/overview |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Perengka pengangkut== Muzium tu urung penyauh bejalai adap timur laut ari [[stesyen metro Yanchengpu|Stesyen Yanchengpu]] ari [[MRT Kaohsiung]] tauka nengah bas nengeri tauka ngena ensikal nengeri.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://khm.org.tw/en/visitinformation/trafficinfo |title=KMH Access |date= |accessdate=2022-07-29 |archive-date=2022-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220729032612/http://khm.org.tw/en/visitinformation/trafficinfo |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Peda mega== * [[Rintai muzium ba Taiwan]] ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} ==Laman web ke bukai== {{commons category}} * {{facebook|khmorgtw}} {{in lang|zh}} * {{Osmway|203122000}} 39swc968zcyvkwco6y0id38c6xmmr0b 10 6592 19067 2026-05-15T15:05:57Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{#if:{{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}{{{id|}}}{{#property:P2013}} |[https://www.facebook.com/{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|{{#property:P2013}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{name}}}}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}] di [[Facebook]]<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P2013|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> |<span class="error">Templat &#123;&#123;[[Templat:Facebook|Facebook]]&#125;&#125; nadai ID sereta nadai...' 19067 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}{{{id|}}}{{#property:P2013}} |[https://www.facebook.com/{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|{{#property:P2013}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{name}}}}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}] di [[Facebook]]<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P2013|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> |<span class="error">Templat &#123;&#123;[[Templat:Facebook|Facebook]]&#125;&#125; nadai ID sereta nadai ba Wikidata.</span>{{Main other|[[Category:Templat Facebook nadai ID]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> kz4pgz9aclcoq0bzhlwxnd9kf5q7dbx 19068 19067 2026-05-15T15:06:29Z Song GK 9 19068 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{1<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}{{{id|}}}{{#property:P2013}} |[https://www.facebook.com/{{Trim|{{{1|{{{id<includeonly>|{{#property:P2013}}</includeonly>}}}}}}}} {{#if:{{{2|{{{name<includeonly>|</includeonly>}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{name}}}}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}}] ba [[Facebook]]<includeonly>{{EditAtWikidata|pid=P2013|{{{1|{{{id|}}}}}}}}</includeonly> |<span class="error">Templat &#123;&#123;[[Templat:Facebook|Facebook]]&#125;&#125; nadai ID sereta nadai ba Wikidata.</span>{{Main other|[[Category:Templat Facebook nadai ID]]}} }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} <!-- Please add categories to the /doc subpage & add interwikis to Wikidata. --> </noinclude> fvyiz861zymuu4qer1fajxepjodqbt0 10 6593 19070 2026-05-15T15:07:27Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Templat:Infobox museum]] ke [[Templat:Kutak info muzium]] 19070 wikitext text/x-wiki #LENCONG [[Templat:Kutak info muzium]] mif9v8twlzbu4xsfsr8iqqxu85kduzo 4 6594 19073 2026-05-15T15:08:40Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/16 Mei]] ke [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/16 Me]]: Sepil nitihka sepil Tun Jugah 19073 wikitext text/x-wiki #LENCONG [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/16 Me]] jo6b2qrz6np1wboxm7apmegq70o6ul1 0 6595 19074 2026-05-15T15:41:58Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox Christian denomination |icon = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg |icon_width = 25px |icon_alt = |name = Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan |native_name = {{lang-zh| 台灣天主教教會}} |native_name_lang = |image = Catholic Church of Wanchin (Taiwan).jpg |imagewidth = 250px |alt = |caption = [[Basilika Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah Wanchin]] |ab...' 19074 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Christian denomination |icon = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg |icon_width = 25px |icon_alt = |name = Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan |native_name = {{lang-zh| 台灣天主教教會}} |native_name_lang = |image = Catholic Church of Wanchin (Taiwan).jpg |imagewidth = 250px |alt = |caption = [[Basilika Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah Wanchin]] |abbreviation = |type = [[Politi nasional]] |main_classification = [[Gerija Katolik|Katolik]] |orientation = [[Gerija Latin|Latin]] |scripture = [[Bup Kudus]] |theology = [[Teologi Katolik]] |polity = [[Politi episkopal|Episkopal]] |governance = [[Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China]] |structure = |leader_title = [[Pope]] |leader_name = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China|Presiden]] |leader_name1 = [[John Lee Keh-Mien|John Baptist Lee Keh-mien]] |leader_title2 = [[Pengari Apostolik ngagai China|Apostolic Nuncio]] |leader_name2 = [[Stefano Mazzotti|Msgr. Stefano Mazzotti]] |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |fellowships_type = |fellowships = |fellowships_type1 = |fellowships1 = |division_type = |division = |division_type1 = |division1 = |division_type2 = |division2 = |division_type3 = |division3 = |associations = |area = [[Taiwan]] |language = [[Jaku Latin Eklesia|Latin]], [[Jaku Mandarin|Mandarin]], [[Jaku Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Jaku Inggeris Filipina|Inggeris]], [[Jaku Hakka|Hakka]] |headquarters = [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] |origin_link = |founder = |founded_date = 1626 |founded_place = [[Formosa Sepanyol]], [[Empayar Sepanyol]] |separated_from = |parent = |merger = |absorbed = |branched_from = [[Gerija Katolik ba Sepanyol]] |merged_into = |defunct = |congregations_type = |congregations = |members = 221,000 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title = Catholic Church in Taiwan|url = http://gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/TW.htm?tab=info|website = GCatholic.org|access-date = September 11, 2023}}</ref> |number_of_followers = |ministers_type = |ministers = |missionaries = |churches = |hospitals = |nursing_homes = |aid = |primary_schools = |secondary_schools = |tax_status = |publications = |website = {{URL|https://www.catholic.org.tw/en/}} |slogan = |logo = |footnotes = }} [[File:Catholic dioceses of Taiwan.svg|thumb|Diosis-diosis ba Taiwan]] '''Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan''' nya bagi ari [[Gerija Katolik]] ba serata dunya, baruh iring [[Pope]] di [[Rom]]. ==Demografi== Nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2005 census, pengarap [[Kristian]] ba Taiwan mungkur 3.9% ari penyampau tubuh menua nya;<ref name="moi">{{cite web|title=Taiwan Yearbook 2006|publisher=Taiwan Government Information Office, Department of Civil Affairs, Ministry of the Interior|year=2006|url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/22Religion.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708213510/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/22Religion.htm|archive-date=8 July 2007}}</ref> tu mungkur urung 300,000 orang Katolik. Pelaba ba taun 2020 madahka penyampau nya udah niki nyadi 4% tauka 6%,<ref>[https://thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=50c&u=23r The ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-28]</ref><ref>[https://joshuaproject.net/countries/TW The Joshua Project, retrieved 2032-08-28]</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/aug/12/christians-taiwan-fear-severe-persecution-should-c/ Washington Times website, article by Mark Kellmer dated August 12, 2022]</ref> lalu orang Katolik mungkur 1% ari penyampau tubuh ba menua nya. Ba taun ke sama bisi urung 600 paderi sereta 1,000 nan begawa ba 424 bengkah parish.<ref>[https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/taiwan Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08]</ref> ==Sejarah== Ba taun 1514, Taiwan disengkaum dalam [[Diosis Funchal]] nyadi kandang endur bala pengerintis; bisi pengawa Katolik ti beatur ba pulau nya. Ba taun 1576, diosis China keterubah, [[Diosis Makau]], udah ditumbuhka ba [[Makau]], sebengkah kandang menua dipegai Portugis, lalu mungkur pengambis mayuh kandang menua [[China]] sereta Taiwan. Diosis Makau udah nya dibagi-bagi beberapa kali dalam kandang bekurun. Ba taun 1626, Taiwan Utara nyadi [[Formosa Sepanyol|koloni Sepanyol]]. Ba taun 1631, Jacinto Esquivel, siku [[friar]] [[Ordo Dominikan|Dominikan]] Sepanyol, ngaga siti gerija ba Taiwan Utara. Nitihka taris maya, Taiwan disengkaum dalam [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Manila|Diosis Besai Manila]] (1627), Vikariat Apostolik (kemaya tu Diosis Besai) [[Diosis Roman Katolik Nanjing|Nanking]] (1660), Vikariat Apostolik Fujian (kemaya tu [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Fuzhou|Diosis Besai Fuzhou]]) (1696) enggau Vikariat Apostolik (kemaya tu Diosis) [[Diosis Roman Katolik Xiamen|Amoy]] (1883). Ba taun 1913, [[Prefektur Apostolik]] Pulau Taiwan (kelia dikumbai Formosa dalam jaku orang tasik) ditumbuhka ari Diosis Amoy. Diosis tu udah nya dinama baru Prefektur Apostolik Kaohsiung ba taun 1949, lebuh Prefektur Apostolik Taipei (kemaya tu [[Disis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei]]) udah ditumbuhka ari kandang menua nya. Sebedau Perang Dunya Kedua abis Gerija Katolik bisi penatai ke mit amat di Taiwan, bepalan tebal agi ba selatan pulau nya lalu bepalan ba paderi Dominikan Sepanyol ke mansang kia ari Filipina dalam taun 1860-an. Ba taun 1948, bisi kurang ari 10,000 iku orang Katolik ba Taiwan lalu bisi 15 iku paderi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Moody |first=Peter |title=The Taiwan Question in Xi Jinping's Era: Beijing's Evolving Taiwan Policy and Taiwan's Internal and External Dynamics |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2024 |isbn=9781032861661 |editor-last=Zhao |editor-first=Suisheng |editor-link=Suisheng Zhao |location=London and New York |chapter=The Vatican and Taiwan: An Anomalous Diplomatic Relationship}}</ref>{{Rp|page=187}} Ba pengujung Perang Dunya Kedua, bisi pemindah besai komuniti bepengarap ari tanah besai China ketegal pemerinsa Kominis [[Revolusyen Kominis China]] ba taun 1949. Pengujung iya, Gerija Katolik ngundan orang ke bejaku [[jaku Mandarin|Mandarin]] ari tanah besai. Kena bulan September 1951, Internucio Pope ke [[China]] dibuai ngagai Hong Kong. Kenyau ari taun 1952, internuncio Pope udah diau ba Taiwan ([[Republik China]]). Pia mega, duta ROC ngagai [[Panggah Tuchi]] udah nyendiaka semina kaul diplomatik ke meruan entara China enggau Panggah Tuchi. Uji deka mindahka [[Nuncio Papal]] ngagai [[Beijing]] udah enda mujur, laban Tahta Kudus enda nerima peminta ari [[Republik Rayat China]] ngambika iya mutuska kaul diplomatik enggau Taiwan. [[Pope John XXIII]] ngaga tiga diosis baru ba Taiwan ba taun 1959.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Pengudah [[Kaunsil Vatikan Kedua]], [[bishop]] ba Taiwan udah numbuhka [[Aum Bishop Katolik China]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Dalam taun 1988, Kongregasyen ungkup Penginjil Rayat madah ngagai episkopati Taiwan ngambika enda nanya pasal pekara Gerija ba tanah besai China lalu nganti nya, nyekat pengawa sida ngagai [[orang China luar menua]] enggau nembiak China di menua tasik.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Dalam taun 1998, Sekretariat Nengeri Vatican minta Aum Bishop Katolik China diberi nama baru nyadi Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China (天主教台灣地區主教團 dalam Jaku China, mai reti Aum Bishop Katolik Kandang Menua Taiwan).<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Pengawa nukar nama nya mai reti status ti udah kurang.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Bishop besai Taipei kemaya tu iya nya [[Thomas Chung An-Zu]] (鐘安住), ke udah dichiri kena 23 Me 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2020/05/23/200523b.html|title = Resignations and Appointments}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Thomas-Chung-An-Zu-is-the-new-archbishop-of-Taipei-50174.html|title = Thomas Chung An-Zu is the new archbishop of Taipei}}</ref> kena nganti [[John Hung Shan-chuan]] (洪山川), S.V.D., ti udah badu pengawa ba taun ke sama. Kena 19 February 2021, [[Pope Francis]] merika dekri pengawa ngemesai kanonikal ungkup gambar Maria [[Indai Kitai ba China]], kemaya tu dipebasa ba Endur Sembiang Nasional Indai Kitai ba China ba [[Kaunti Chiayi]], [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=yitsadmin |date=2022-06-23 |title=National Shrine of Our Lady of China, Meishan, County {{!}} CSB |url=https://catholicshrinebasilica.com/national-shrine-of-our-lady-of-china-meishan-township-chiayi-county-taiwan/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Catholic Shrine Basilica |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Diosis== *[[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei|Diosis Besai Taipei]] (台北), ditumbuhka kena 1949, status diosis besai kenyau 1952 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Kaohsiung|Diosis Kaohsiung]] (高雄), ditumbuhka kena 1913, diberi nama baru kena 1949, ditikika status kena 1961 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Taichung|Diosis Taichung]] (台中), ditumbuhka kena 1951, ditikika status kena 1962 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Chiayi|Diosis Chiayi]] (嘉義), ditumbuhka kena 1952, ditikika status kena 1962 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Hwalien|Diosis Hwalien]] (花蓮), ditumbuhka kena 1952, ditikika status kena 1963 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Hsinchu|Diosis Hsinchu]] (新竹), ditumbuhka kena 1961 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Tainan|Diosis Tainan]] (台南), ditumbuhka kena 1961 *[[Administrasyen Apostolik Kinma]] (金馬), ditumbuhka 1968 ==Kereban sanding== {{Reflist}} ==Laman web ke bukai== {{commons category|Roman Catholic Church in Taiwan}} * [http://www.catholic.org.tw/ Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/countryTW.htm The Catholic Church in TW] by GCatholic.org * [http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=763&lan=3 Shamanism and Catholic Indigenous Communities in Taiwan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206062641/http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=763&lan=3 |date=6 February 2012 }} o52t7pse8c28ur3loc9s3acpp87m3wd 19075 19074 2026-05-15T15:42:36Z Song GK 9 19075 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Christian denomination |icon = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg |icon_width = 25px |icon_alt = |name = Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan |native_name = {{lang-zh| 台灣天主教教會}} |native_name_lang = |image = Catholic Church of Wanchin (Taiwan).jpg |imagewidth = 250px |alt = |caption = [[Basilika Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah Wanchin]] |abbreviation = |type = [[Politi nasional]] |main_classification = [[Gerija Katolik|Katolik]] |orientation = [[Gerija Latin|Latin]] |scripture = [[Bup Kudus]] |theology = [[Teologi Katolik]] |polity = [[Politi episkopal|Episkopal]] |governance = [[Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China]] |structure = |leader_title = [[Pope]] |leader_name = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China|Presiden]] |leader_name1 = [[John Lee Keh-Mien|John Baptist Lee Keh-mien]] |leader_title2 = [[Pengari Apostolik ngagai China|Apostolic Nuncio]] |leader_name2 = [[Stefano Mazzotti|Msgr. Stefano Mazzotti]] |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |fellowships_type = |fellowships = |fellowships_type1 = |fellowships1 = |division_type = |division = |division_type1 = |division1 = |division_type2 = |division2 = |division_type3 = |division3 = |associations = |area = [[Taiwan]] |language = [[Jaku Latin Eklesia|Latin]], [[Jaku Mandarin|Mandarin]], [[Jaku Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Jaku Inggeris Filipina|Inggeris]], [[Jaku Hakka|Hakka]] |headquarters = [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] |origin_link = |founder = |founded_date = 1626 |founded_place = [[Formosa Sepanyol]], [[Empayar Sepanyol]] |separated_from = |parent = |merger = |absorbed = |branched_from = [[Gerija Katolik ba Sepanyol]] |merged_into = |defunct = |congregations_type = |congregations = |members = 221,000 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title = Catholic Church in Taiwan|url = http://gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/TW.htm?tab=info|website = GCatholic.org|access-date = September 11, 2023}}</ref> |number_of_followers = |ministers_type = |ministers = |missionaries = |churches = |hospitals = |nursing_homes = |aid = |primary_schools = |secondary_schools = |tax_status = |publications = |website = {{URL|https://www.catholic.org.tw/en/}} |slogan = |logo = |footnotes = }} [[File:Catholic dioceses of Taiwan.svg|thumb|Diosis-diosis ba Taiwan]] '''Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan''' nya bagi ari [[Gerija Katolik]] ba serata dunya, baruh iring [[Pope]] di [[Rom]]. ==Demografi== Nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2005 census, pengarap [[Kristian]] ba Taiwan mungkur 3.9% ari penyampau tubuh menua nya;<ref name="moi">{{cite web|title=Taiwan Yearbook 2006|publisher=Taiwan Government Information Office, Department of Civil Affairs, Ministry of the Interior|year=2006|url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/22Religion.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708213510/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/22Religion.htm|archive-date=8 July 2007}}</ref> tu mungkur urung 300,000 orang Katolik. Pelaba ba taun 2020 madahka penyampau nya udah niki nyadi 4% tauka 6%,<ref>[https://thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=50c&u=23r The ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-28]</ref><ref>[https://joshuaproject.net/countries/TW The Joshua Project, retrieved 2032-08-28]</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/aug/12/christians-taiwan-fear-severe-persecution-should-c/ Washington Times website, article by Mark Kellmer dated August 12, 2022]</ref> lalu orang Katolik mungkur 1% ari penyampau tubuh ba menua nya. Ba taun ke sama bisi urung 600 paderi sereta 1,000 nan begawa ba 424 bengkah parish.<ref>[https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/taiwan Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08]</ref> ==Sejarah== Ba taun 1514, Taiwan disengkaum dalam [[Diosis Funchal]] nyadi kandang endur bala pengerintis; bisi pengawa Katolik ti beatur ba pulau nya. Ba taun 1576, diosis China keterubah, [[Diosis Makau]], udah ditumbuhka ba [[Makau]], sebengkah kandang menua dipegai Portugis, lalu mungkur pengambis mayuh kandang menua [[China]] sereta Taiwan. Diosis Makau udah nya dibagi-bagi beberapa kali dalam kandang bekurun. Ba taun 1626, Taiwan Utara nyadi [[Formosa Sepanyol|koloni Sepanyol]]. Ba taun 1631, Jacinto Esquivel, siku [[friar]] [[Ordo Dominikan|Dominikan]] Sepanyol, ngaga siti gerija ba Taiwan Utara. Nitihka taris maya, Taiwan disengkaum dalam [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Manila|Diosis Besai Manila]] (1627), Vikariat Apostolik (kemaya tu Diosis Besai) [[Diosis Roman Katolik Nanjing|Nanking]] (1660), Vikariat Apostolik Fujian (kemaya tu [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Fuzhou|Diosis Besai Fuzhou]]) (1696) enggau Vikariat Apostolik (kemaya tu Diosis) [[Diosis Roman Katolik Xiamen|Amoy]] (1883). Ba taun 1913, [[Prefektur Apostolik]] Pulau Taiwan (kelia dikumbai Formosa dalam jaku orang tasik) ditumbuhka ari Diosis Amoy. Diosis tu udah nya dinama baru Prefektur Apostolik Kaohsiung ba taun 1949, lebuh Prefektur Apostolik Taipei (kemaya tu [[Disis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei]]) udah ditumbuhka ari kandang menua nya. Sebedau Perang Dunya Kedua abis Gerija Katolik bisi penatai ke mit amat di Taiwan, bepalan tebal agi ba selatan pulau nya lalu bepalan ba paderi Dominikan Sepanyol ke mansang kia ari Filipina dalam taun 1860-an. Ba taun 1948, bisi kurang ari 10,000 iku orang Katolik ba Taiwan lalu bisi 15 iku paderi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Moody |first=Peter |title=The Taiwan Question in Xi Jinping's Era: Beijing's Evolving Taiwan Policy and Taiwan's Internal and External Dynamics |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2024 |isbn=9781032861661 |editor-last=Zhao |editor-first=Suisheng |editor-link=Suisheng Zhao |location=London and New York |chapter=The Vatican and Taiwan: An Anomalous Diplomatic Relationship}}</ref>{{Rp|page=187}} Ba pengujung Perang Dunya Kedua, bisi pemindah besai komuniti bepengarap ari tanah besai China ketegal pemerinsa Kominis [[Revolusyen Kominis China]] ba taun 1949. Pengujung iya, Gerija Katolik ngundan orang ke bejaku [[jaku Mandarin|Mandarin]] ari tanah besai. Kena bulan September 1951, Internucio Pope ke [[China]] dibuai ngagai Hong Kong. Kenyau ari taun 1952, internuncio Pope udah diau ba Taiwan ([[Republik China]]). Pia mega, duta ROC ngagai [[Panggah Tuchi]] udah nyendiaka semina kaul diplomatik ke meruan entara China enggau Panggah Tuchi. Uji deka mindahka [[Nuncio Papal]] ngagai [[Beijing]] udah enda mujur, laban Tahta Kudus enda nerima peminta ari [[Republik Rayat China]] ngambika iya mutuska kaul diplomatik enggau Taiwan. [[Pope John XXIII]] ngaga tiga diosis baru ba Taiwan ba taun 1959.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Pengudah [[Kaunsil Vatikan Kedua]], [[bishop]] ba Taiwan udah numbuhka [[Aum Bishop Katolik China]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Dalam taun 1988, Kongregasyen ungkup Penginjil Rayat madah ngagai episkopati Taiwan ngambika enda nanya pasal pekara Gerija ba tanah besai China lalu nganti nya, nyekat pengawa sida ngagai [[orang China luar menua]] enggau nembiak China di menua tasik.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Dalam taun 1998, Sekretariat Nengeri Vatican minta Aum Bishop Katolik China diberi nama baru nyadi Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China (天主教台灣地區主教團 dalam Jaku China, mai reti Aum Bishop Katolik Kandang Menua Taiwan).<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Pengawa nukar nama nya mai reti status ti udah kurang.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Bishop besai Taipei kemaya tu iya nya [[Thomas Chung An-Zu]] (鐘安住), ke udah dichiri kena 23 Me 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2020/05/23/200523b.html|title = Resignations and Appointments}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Thomas-Chung-An-Zu-is-the-new-archbishop-of-Taipei-50174.html|title = Thomas Chung An-Zu is the new archbishop of Taipei}}</ref> kena nganti [[John Hung Shan-chuan]] (洪山川), S.V.D., ti udah badu pengawa ba taun ke sama. Kena 19 February 2021, [[Pope Francis]] merika dekri pengawa ngemesai kanonikal ungkup gambar Maria [[Indai Kitai ba China]], kemaya tu dipebasa ba Endur Sembiang Nasional Indai Kitai ba China ba [[Kaunti Chiayi]], [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=yitsadmin |date=2022-06-23 |title=National Shrine of Our Lady of China, Meishan, County {{!}} CSB |url=https://catholicshrinebasilica.com/national-shrine-of-our-lady-of-china-meishan-township-chiayi-county-taiwan/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Catholic Shrine Basilica |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Diosis== *[[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei|Diosis Besai Taipei]] (台北), ditumbuhka kena 1949, status diosis besai kenyau 1952 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Kaohsiung|Diosis Kaohsiung]] (高雄), ditumbuhka kena 1913, diberi nama baru kena 1949, ditikika status kena 1961 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Taichung|Diosis Taichung]] (台中), ditumbuhka kena 1951, ditikika status kena 1962 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Chiayi|Diosis Chiayi]] (嘉義), ditumbuhka kena 1952, ditikika status kena 1962 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Hwalien|Diosis Hwalien]] (花蓮), ditumbuhka kena 1952, ditikika status kena 1963 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Hsinchu|Diosis Hsinchu]] (新竹), ditumbuhka kena 1961 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Tainan|Diosis Tainan]] (台南), ditumbuhka kena 1961 *[[Administrasyen Apostolik Kinma]] (金馬), ditumbuhka 1968 ==Kereban sanding== {{Reflist}} ==Laman web ke bukai== {{commons category|Roman Catholic Church in Taiwan}} * [http://www.catholic.org.tw/ Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/countryTW.htm The Catholic Church in TW] by GCatholic.org * [http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=763&lan=3 Shamanism and Catholic Indigenous Communities in Taiwan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206062641/http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=763&lan=3 |date=6 February 2012 }} [[Kategori:Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan]] [[Kategori:Gerija Katolik nitihka menua|Taiwan]] s93p3ervn43msechjf80ots0emqmfhw 19076 19075 2026-05-16T02:27:12Z Song GK 9 /* Sejarah */ 19076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Christian denomination |icon = Emblem of the Papacy SE.svg |icon_width = 25px |icon_alt = |name = Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan |native_name = {{lang-zh| 台灣天主教教會}} |native_name_lang = |image = Catholic Church of Wanchin (Taiwan).jpg |imagewidth = 250px |alt = |caption = [[Basilika Konsepsyen Nadai Bepenyalah Wanchin]] |abbreviation = |type = [[Politi nasional]] |main_classification = [[Gerija Katolik|Katolik]] |orientation = [[Gerija Latin|Latin]] |scripture = [[Bup Kudus]] |theology = [[Teologi Katolik]] |polity = [[Politi episkopal|Episkopal]] |governance = [[Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China]] |structure = |leader_title = [[Pope]] |leader_name = {{Incumbent pope}} <!-- DO NOT CHANGE. This will update the Popes Automatically as they change --> |leader_title1 = [[Presiden Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China|Presiden]] |leader_name1 = [[John Lee Keh-Mien|John Baptist Lee Keh-mien]] |leader_title2 = [[Pengari Apostolik ngagai China|Apostolic Nuncio]] |leader_name2 = [[Stefano Mazzotti|Msgr. Stefano Mazzotti]] |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |fellowships_type = |fellowships = |fellowships_type1 = |fellowships1 = |division_type = |division = |division_type1 = |division1 = |division_type2 = |division2 = |division_type3 = |division3 = |associations = |area = [[Taiwan]] |language = [[Jaku Latin Eklesia|Latin]], [[Jaku Mandarin|Mandarin]], [[Jaku Taiwan|Taiwan]], [[Jaku Inggeris Filipina|Inggeris]], [[Jaku Hakka|Hakka]] |headquarters = [[Taipei]], [[Taiwan]] |origin_link = |founder = |founded_date = 1626 |founded_place = [[Formosa Sepanyol]], [[Empayar Sepanyol]] |separated_from = |parent = |merger = |absorbed = |branched_from = [[Gerija Katolik ba Sepanyol]] |merged_into = |defunct = |congregations_type = |congregations = |members = 221,000 (2021)<ref>{{cite web|title = Catholic Church in Taiwan|url = http://gcatholic.org/dioceses/country/TW.htm?tab=info|website = GCatholic.org|access-date = September 11, 2023}}</ref> |number_of_followers = |ministers_type = |ministers = |missionaries = |churches = |hospitals = |nursing_homes = |aid = |primary_schools = |secondary_schools = |tax_status = |publications = |website = {{URL|https://www.catholic.org.tw/en/}} |slogan = |logo = |footnotes = }} [[File:Catholic dioceses of Taiwan.svg|thumb|Diosis-diosis ba Taiwan]] '''Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan''' nya bagi ari [[Gerija Katolik]] ba serata dunya, baruh iring [[Pope]] di [[Rom]]. ==Demografi== Nitihka pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2005 census, pengarap [[Kristian]] ba Taiwan mungkur 3.9% ari penyampau tubuh menua nya;<ref name="moi">{{cite web|title=Taiwan Yearbook 2006|publisher=Taiwan Government Information Office, Department of Civil Affairs, Ministry of the Interior|year=2006|url=http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/22Religion.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708213510/http://www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/yearbook/22Religion.htm|archive-date=8 July 2007}}</ref> tu mungkur urung 300,000 orang Katolik. Pelaba ba taun 2020 madahka penyampau nya udah niki nyadi 4% tauka 6%,<ref>[https://thearda.com/world-religion/national-profiles?u=50c&u=23r The ARDA website, retrieved 2023-08-28]</ref><ref>[https://joshuaproject.net/countries/TW The Joshua Project, retrieved 2032-08-28]</ref><ref>[https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2022/aug/12/christians-taiwan-fear-severe-persecution-should-c/ Washington Times website, article by Mark Kellmer dated August 12, 2022]</ref> lalu orang Katolik mungkur 1% ari penyampau tubuh ba menua nya. Ba taun ke sama bisi urung 600 paderi sereta 1,000 nan begawa ba 424 bengkah parish.<ref>[https://www.catholicsandcultures.org/taiwan Catholics and Culture website, retrieved 2023-08-08]</ref> ==Sejarah== Ba taun 1514, Taiwan disengkaum dalam [[Diosis Funchal]] nyadi kandang endur bala pengerintis; bisi pengawa Katolik ti beatur ba pulau nya. Ba taun 1576, diosis China keterubah, [[Diosis Makau]], udah ditumbuhka ba [[Makau]], sebengkah kandang menua dipegai Portugis, lalu mungkur pengambis mayuh kandang menua [[China]] sereta Taiwan. Diosis Makau udah nya dibagi-bagi beberapa kali dalam kandang bekurun. Ba taun 1626, Taiwan Utara nyadi [[Formosa Sepanyol|koloni Sepanyol]]. Ba taun 1631, Jacinto Esquivel, siku [[friar]] [[Ordo Dominikan|Dominikan]] Sepanyol, ngaga siti gerija ba Taiwan Utara. Nitihka taris maya, Taiwan disengkaum dalam [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Manila|Diosis Besai Manila]] (1627), Vikariat Apostolik (kemaya tu Diosis Besai) [[Diosis Roman Katolik Nanjing|Nanking]] (1660), Vikariat Apostolik Fujian (kemaya tu [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Fuzhou|Diosis Besai Fuzhou]]) (1696) enggau Vikariat Apostolik (kemaya tu Diosis) [[Diosis Roman Katolik Xiamen|Amoy]] (1883). Ba taun 1913, [[Prefektur Apostolik]] Pulau Taiwan (kelia dikumbai Formosa dalam jaku orang tasik) ditumbuhka ari Diosis Amoy. Diosis tu udah nya dinama baru Prefektur Apostolik Kaohsiung ba taun 1949, lebuh Prefektur Apostolik Taipei (kemaya tu [[Disis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei]]) udah ditumbuhka ari kandang menua nya. Sebedau Perang Dunya Kedua abis Gerija Katolik bisi penatai ke mit amat di Taiwan, bepalan tebal agi ba selatan pulau nya lalu bepalan ba paderi Dominikan Sepanyol ke mansang kia ari Filipina dalam taun 1860-an. Ba taun 1948, bisi kurang ari 10,000 iku orang Katolik ba Taiwan lalu bisi 15 iku paderi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |last=Moody |first=Peter |title=The Taiwan Question in Xi Jinping's Era: Beijing's Evolving Taiwan Policy and Taiwan's Internal and External Dynamics |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2024 |isbn=9781032861661 |editor-last=Zhao |editor-first=Suisheng |editor-link=Suisheng Zhao |location=London and New York |chapter=The Vatican and Taiwan: An Anomalous Diplomatic Relationship}}</ref>{{Rp|page=187}} Ba pengujung Perang Dunya Kedua, bisi pemindah besai komuniti bepengarap ari tanah besai China ketegal pemerinsa Kominis [[Revolusyen Kominis China]] ba taun 1949. Pengujung iya, Gerija Katolik ngundan orang ke bejaku [[jaku Mandarin|Mandarin]] ari tanah besai. Kena bulan September 1951, Internucio Pope ke [[China]] dibuai ngagai Hong Kong. Kenyau ari taun 1952, internuncio Pope udah diau ba Taiwan ([[Republik China]]). Pia mega, duta ROC ngagai [[Panggah Tuchi]] udah nyendiaka semina kaul diplomatik ke meruan entara China enggau Panggah Tuchi. Uji deka mindahka [[Nuncio Papal]] ngagai [[Beijing]] udah enda mujur, laban Tahta Kudus enda nerima peminta ari [[Republik Rayat China]] ngambika iya mutuska kaul diplomatik enggau Taiwan. [[Pope John XXIII]] ngaga tiga diosis baru ba Taiwan ba taun 1959.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Pengudah [[Kaunsil Vatikan Kedua]], [[bishop]] ba Taiwan udah numbuhka [[Aum Bishop Katolik China]].<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Dalam taun 1988, Kongregasyen ungkup Penginjil Rayat madah ngagai episkopati Taiwan ngambika enda nanya pasal pekara Gerija ba tanah besai China lalu nganti nya, nyekat pengawa sida ngagai [[orang China luar menua]] enggau nembiak China di menua tasik.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Dalam taun 1998, Sekretariat Nengeri Vatican minta Aum Bishop Katolik China diberi nama baru nyadi Aum Bishop Kandang Menua China (天主教台灣地區主教團 dalam Jaku China, mai reti Aum Bishop Katolik Kandang Menua Taiwan).<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Pengawa nukar nama nya mai reti status ti udah kurang.<ref name=":1" />{{Rp|page=187}} Bishop besai Taipei kemaya tu iya nya [[Thomas Chung An-Zu]] (鐘安住), ke udah dichiri kena 23 Me 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/en/bollettino/pubblico/2020/05/23/200523b.html|title = Resignations and Appointments}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.asianews.it/news-en/Thomas-Chung-An-Zu-is-the-new-archbishop-of-Taipei-50174.html|title = Thomas Chung An-Zu is the new archbishop of Taipei}}</ref> kena nganti [[John Hung Shan-chuan]] (洪山川), S.V.D., ti udah badu pengawa ba taun ke sama. Kena 19 February 2021, [[Pope Francis]] merika dekri pengawa ngemesai kanonikal ungkup gambar Maria [[Dara Tuchi ari China]], kemaya tu dipebasa ba Endur Sembiang Nasional Dara Tuchi ari China ba [[Kaunti Chiayi]], [[Taiwan]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=yitsadmin |date=2022-06-23 |title=National Shrine of Our Lady of China, Meishan, County {{!}} CSB |url=https://catholicshrinebasilica.com/national-shrine-of-our-lady-of-china-meishan-township-chiayi-county-taiwan/ |access-date=2024-04-27 |website=Catholic Shrine Basilica |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Diosis== *[[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei|Diosis Besai Taipei]] (台北), ditumbuhka kena 1949, status diosis besai kenyau 1952 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Kaohsiung|Diosis Kaohsiung]] (高雄), ditumbuhka kena 1913, diberi nama baru kena 1949, ditikika status kena 1961 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Taichung|Diosis Taichung]] (台中), ditumbuhka kena 1951, ditikika status kena 1962 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Chiayi|Diosis Chiayi]] (嘉義), ditumbuhka kena 1952, ditikika status kena 1962 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Hwalien|Diosis Hwalien]] (花蓮), ditumbuhka kena 1952, ditikika status kena 1963 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Hsinchu|Diosis Hsinchu]] (新竹), ditumbuhka kena 1961 *[[Diosis Roman Katolik Tainan|Diosis Tainan]] (台南), ditumbuhka kena 1961 *[[Administrasyen Apostolik Kinma]] (金馬), ditumbuhka 1968 ==Kereban sanding== {{Reflist}} ==Laman web ke bukai== {{commons category|Roman Catholic Church in Taiwan}} * [http://www.catholic.org.tw/ Chinese Regional Bishops' Conference] * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/data/countryTW.htm The Catholic Church in TW] by GCatholic.org * [http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=763&lan=3 Shamanism and Catholic Indigenous Communities in Taiwan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206062641/http://www.erenlai.com/index.php?aid=763&lan=3 |date=6 February 2012 }} [[Kategori:Gerija Katolik ba Taiwan]] [[Kategori:Gerija Katolik nitihka menua|Taiwan]] 4nzukbayard0bvwmlm8agkc9wy7l5t5 0 6596 19077 2026-05-16T02:37:46Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox church | fullname = | other name = Katedral Diosis Tainan | native_name = 中 華 聖 母 主 教 座 堂 | image = 天主教台南教區中華聖母主教座堂.jpg | imagesize = | imagealt = | caption = Katedral | pushpin map = | pushpin label position = | pushpin map alt = | relief = | pushpin mapsize...' 19077 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox church | fullname = | other name = Katedral Diosis Tainan | native_name = 中 華 聖 母 主 教 座 堂 | image = 天主教台南教區中華聖母主教座堂.jpg | imagesize = | imagealt = | caption = Katedral | pushpin map = | pushpin label position = | pushpin map alt = | relief = | pushpin mapsize = | map caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|22.986858|N|120.209373|E|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Taiwan]] | osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall|TEXT}} --> | osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> | location = 195號, Jalai Kaishan, Pelilih Menua Barat Tengah, [[Nengeri Tainan]], [[Taiwan]] | denomination = [[Gerija Katolik]] | previous denomination = | churchmanship = | membership = | attendance = | website = <!-- {{URL|http://tncath.catholic.org.tw/}} --> | former name = | bull date = 1964 | founded date = {{start date and age|df=yes|1964|03|19}} | founder = [[Stanislaus Lo Kuang]] | dedication = [[Dara Tuchi ari China]] | dedicated date = 19 Mach 1964 | consecrated date = | cult = | relics = | events = | past bishop = [[Bosco Lin Chi-nan]] | people = | status = Katedral | functional status = Aktif | heritage designation = | designated date = | architect = | architectural type = [[Akitektur China]] | style = Palatial | groundbreaking = | completed date = | construction cost = | closed date = | demolished date = | capacity = | length = | width = | width nave = | height = | diameter = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | other dimensions = | floor count = | floor area = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome quantity = | dome height outer = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome height inner = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome dia outer = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome dia inner = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | spire quantity = | spire height = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | materials = | bells = | bells hung = | bell weight = | parish = Diosis Tainan | deanery = | archdeaconry = | episcopalarea = | archdiocese = [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei]] | metropolis = | diocese = [[Diosis Roman Katolik Tainan]] | province = | presbytery = | synod = | circuit = | district = | division = | subdivision = | archbishop = [[Thomas Chung An-Zu]] | bishop = [[John Baptist Huang Min-Cheng]] | abbot = | vicar = | provost-rector = | provost = | viceprovost = | rector = | dean = | subdean = | precentor = | succentor = | chancellor = | canonchancellor = | canon = | canonpastor = | canonmissioner = | canontreasurer = | prebendary = | priestincharge = | priest = | asstpriest = | honpriest = | curate = | minister = | assistant = | seniorpastor = | pastor = | chaplain = | archdeacon = | deacon = | reader = | student intern = | organistdom = | director = | organist = | organscholar = | chapterclerk = | laychapter = | warden = | verger = | businessmgr = | liturgycoord = | reledu = | rcia = | youthmin = | flowerguild = | musicgroup = | parishadmin = | serversguild = | logo = | logosize = | logolink = | logoalt = | landscape = | imagelink = | | deaconness = }} '''Katedral Dara Tuchi China''' ({{lang-zh|t=中華聖母主教座堂}}) nya siti gerija ke bepalan ba [[Tainan|Nengeri Tainan]], [[Taiwan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beautiful Chinese-style Cathedral! - Review of Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral, West Central District, Tainan|url=http://www.tripadvisor.co.za/ShowUserReviews-g13808400-d6756265-r210884023-Our_Lady_Queen_of_China_Cathedral-West_Central_District_Tainan.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Tripadvisor|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Petualang|first=Mbak|title=Catholic Church Hopping in Taiwan|url=http://www.mbakpetualang.top/2020/04/catholic-church-hopping-in-taiwan.html|access-date=2021-05-21|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032230/http://www.mbakpetualang.top/2020/04/catholic-church-hopping-in-taiwan.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> lalu nyadi katedral ungkup [[Diosis Roman Katolik Tainan|Diosis Tainan]], Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral|url=https://www.catholic.org.tw/en/Congre%20Tainan/congTainF0201.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.catholic.org.tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cathedral of Our Lady of China|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/2513.htm|access-date=2021-05-21|website=GCatholic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visit Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral on your trip to West Central District|url=https://www.inspirock.com/taiwan/west-central-district/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral-a4256739439|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.inspirock.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521031221/https://www.inspirock.com/taiwan/west-central-district/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral-a4256739439|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katedral tu diungkupka ngagai [[Maria Dara Tuchi]] baruh gela ti dipebasa iya nya [[Dara Tuchi ari China]]. Gaya gerija tu gaya arkitektur China kelia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-04-03|title=Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral 中華聖母主教座堂|url=https://spectralcodex.com/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Spectral Codex|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=天主教台南教區中華聖母主教座堂|url=http://tncath.catholic.org.tw/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=tncath.catholic.org.tw}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Tainan Diocese Taiwan {{!}} Diocese of Tainan Taiwan {{!}} Ucanews|url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/dioceses/taiwan-tainan/419|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral travel guidebook –must visit attractions in Tainan – Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral nearby recommendation|url=https://www.trip.com/travel-guide/tainan/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral-23033949/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=TRIP.COM|language=en-XX}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Taiwan Today|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/print.php?unit=18,19,20&post=176217|access-date=2021-05-21|website=taiwantoday.tw}}</ref> == Sejarah == Katedral asal digaga Bishop Besai Taipei kelia, [[Stanislaus Lo Kuang|Stanislaus Lokuang]] kena taun 1963, ti nyadi bishop keterubah Tainan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Tu diungkupka Bishop Besai [[Giuseppe Caprio]], [[Internuncio Apostolik ngagai China]] kena 19 Mach 196.<ref name=":3" /> == Arkitektur China == Katedral tu digaga dalam gaya [[arkitektur China|akitektur China kelia]] ti sebaka gaya enggau tepikung [[Tao]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Pengungkup == Katedral tu diungkupka [[ayam Maria]] [[Dara Tuchi ari China]] lebuh [[Rusuh Boxer]] ba taun 1900.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} == Peda mega == * [[Rintai katedral ba Taiwan]] 6g6wpqc6cj7pohl59a5eejbbc750c2u 19078 19077 2026-05-16T02:38:37Z Song GK 9 /* Pengungkup */ 19078 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox church | fullname = | other name = Katedral Diosis Tainan | native_name = 中 華 聖 母 主 教 座 堂 | image = 天主教台南教區中華聖母主教座堂.jpg | imagesize = | imagealt = | caption = Katedral | pushpin map = | pushpin label position = | pushpin map alt = | relief = | pushpin mapsize = | map caption = | coordinates = {{Coord|22.986858|N|120.209373|E|display=inline,title}} | country = [[Taiwan]] | osgridref = <!-- {{gbmappingsmall|TEXT}} --> | osgraw = <!-- TEXT --> | location = 195號, Jalai Kaishan, Pelilih Menua Barat Tengah, [[Nengeri Tainan]], [[Taiwan]] | denomination = [[Gerija Katolik]] | previous denomination = | churchmanship = | membership = | attendance = | website = <!-- {{URL|http://tncath.catholic.org.tw/}} --> | former name = | bull date = 1964 | founded date = {{start date and age|df=yes|1964|03|19}} | founder = [[Stanislaus Lo Kuang]] | dedication = [[Dara Tuchi ari China]] | dedicated date = 19 Mach 1964 | consecrated date = | cult = | relics = | events = | past bishop = [[Bosco Lin Chi-nan]] | people = | status = Katedral | functional status = Aktif | heritage designation = | designated date = | architect = | architectural type = [[Akitektur China]] | style = Palatial | groundbreaking = | completed date = | construction cost = | closed date = | demolished date = | capacity = | length = | width = | width nave = | height = | diameter = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | other dimensions = | floor count = | floor area = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome quantity = | dome height outer = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome height inner = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome dia outer = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | dome dia inner = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | spire quantity = | spire height = <!-- {{convert|}} --> | materials = | bells = | bells hung = | bell weight = | parish = Diosis Tainan | deanery = | archdeaconry = | episcopalarea = | archdiocese = [[Diosis Besai Roman Katolik Taipei]] | metropolis = | diocese = [[Diosis Roman Katolik Tainan]] | province = | presbytery = | synod = | circuit = | district = | division = | subdivision = | archbishop = [[Thomas Chung An-Zu]] | bishop = [[John Baptist Huang Min-Cheng]] | abbot = | vicar = | provost-rector = | provost = | viceprovost = | rector = | dean = | subdean = | precentor = | succentor = | chancellor = | canonchancellor = | canon = | canonpastor = | canonmissioner = | canontreasurer = | prebendary = | priestincharge = | priest = | asstpriest = | honpriest = | curate = | minister = | assistant = | seniorpastor = | pastor = | chaplain = | archdeacon = | deacon = | reader = | student intern = | organistdom = | director = | organist = | organscholar = | chapterclerk = | laychapter = | warden = | verger = | businessmgr = | liturgycoord = | reledu = | rcia = | youthmin = | flowerguild = | musicgroup = | parishadmin = | serversguild = | logo = | logosize = | logolink = | logoalt = | landscape = | imagelink = | | deaconness = }} '''Katedral Dara Tuchi China''' ({{lang-zh|t=中華聖母主教座堂}}) nya siti gerija ke bepalan ba [[Tainan|Nengeri Tainan]], [[Taiwan]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Beautiful Chinese-style Cathedral! - Review of Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral, West Central District, Tainan|url=http://www.tripadvisor.co.za/ShowUserReviews-g13808400-d6756265-r210884023-Our_Lady_Queen_of_China_Cathedral-West_Central_District_Tainan.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Tripadvisor|language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Petualang|first=Mbak|title=Catholic Church Hopping in Taiwan|url=http://www.mbakpetualang.top/2020/04/catholic-church-hopping-in-taiwan.html|access-date=2021-05-21|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521032230/http://www.mbakpetualang.top/2020/04/catholic-church-hopping-in-taiwan.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> lalu nyadi katedral ungkup [[Diosis Roman Katolik Tainan|Diosis Tainan]], Taiwan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral|url=https://www.catholic.org.tw/en/Congre%20Tainan/congTainF0201.html|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.catholic.org.tw}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cathedral of Our Lady of China|url=http://www.gcatholic.org/churches/asia/2513.htm|access-date=2021-05-21|website=GCatholic}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Visit Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral on your trip to West Central District|url=https://www.inspirock.com/taiwan/west-central-district/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral-a4256739439|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.inspirock.com|language=en|archive-date=2021-05-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521031221/https://www.inspirock.com/taiwan/west-central-district/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral-a4256739439|url-status=dead}}</ref> Katedral tu diungkupka ngagai [[Maria Dara Tuchi]] baruh gela ti dipebasa iya nya [[Dara Tuchi ari China]]. Gaya gerija tu gaya arkitektur China kelia.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2016-04-03|title=Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral 中華聖母主教座堂|url=https://spectralcodex.com/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=Spectral Codex|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=天主教台南教區中華聖母主教座堂|url=http://tncath.catholic.org.tw/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=tncath.catholic.org.tw}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Tainan Diocese Taiwan {{!}} Diocese of Tainan Taiwan {{!}} Ucanews|url=https://www.ucanews.com/directory/dioceses/taiwan-tainan/419|access-date=2021-05-21|website=www.ucanews.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral travel guidebook –must visit attractions in Tainan – Our Lady Queen of China Cathedral nearby recommendation|url=https://www.trip.com/travel-guide/tainan/our-lady-queen-of-china-cathedral-23033949/|access-date=2021-05-21|website=TRIP.COM|language=en-XX}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Taiwan Today|url=https://taiwantoday.tw/print.php?unit=18,19,20&post=176217|access-date=2021-05-21|website=taiwantoday.tw}}</ref> == Sejarah == Katedral asal digaga Bishop Besai Taipei kelia, [[Stanislaus Lo Kuang|Stanislaus Lokuang]] kena taun 1963, ti nyadi bishop keterubah Tainan.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> Tu diungkupka Bishop Besai [[Giuseppe Caprio]], [[Internuncio Apostolik ngagai China]] kena 19 Mach 196.<ref name=":3" /> == Arkitektur China == Katedral tu digaga dalam gaya [[arkitektur China|akitektur China kelia]] ti sebaka gaya enggau tepikung [[Tao]].<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" /> == Pengungkup == Katedral tu diungkupka [[ayan Maria]] [[Dara Tuchi ari China]] lebuh [[Rusuh Boxer]] ba taun 1900.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /> == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} == Peda mega == * [[Rintai katedral ba Taiwan]] 7iw55sxp1zn0ejm46kaepa389ml1tp8 0 6597 19079 2026-05-16T11:08:57Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox ethnic group | group = Bansa asal Taiwan | image = 08.15 總統出席「2016三地門鄉聯合收穫祭」 (28706865630).jpg | caption = [[Bansa Paiwan|Orang Paiwan]] enggau [[bansa Rukai|Rukai]] ba [[Kaunti Pingtung]] | population = ~600,303 tauka 3% ari penyampau tubuh Taiwan<br />(Bansa asal ke enda dikelala tauka nadai status enda disengkaum)<br />3,479 ba [[Republik Rayat China]] <small> (data 2020)<r...' 19079 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Bansa asal Taiwan | image = 08.15 總統出席「2016三地門鄉聯合收穫祭」 (28706865630).jpg | caption = [[Bansa Paiwan|Orang Paiwan]] enggau [[bansa Rukai|Rukai]] ba [[Kaunti Pingtung]] | population = ~600,303 tauka 3% ari penyampau tubuh Taiwan<br />(Bansa asal ke enda dikelala tauka nadai status enda disengkaum)<br />3,479 ba [[Republik Rayat China]] <small> (data 2020)<ref>[http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm 第七次全国人口普查成果] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121127080641/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/pcsj/rkpc/6rp/indexch.htm |date=27 November 2012 }}中华人民共和国国家统计局.</ref></small> | popplace = '''[[Taiwan]]'''<br/>[[Geografi Taiwan|Taiwan]] (pulau), [[Pulau Orkid]], [[Pulau Gadung, Taiwan|Pulau Gadung]], enggau [[Pulau Liuqiu]] | languages = [[Jaku-jaku Formosa]] ([[Jaku Atayal|Atayal]], [[Jaku Bunun|Bunun]], [[Jaku Amis|Amis]], [[Jaku Paiwan|Paiwan]], ke bukai) tauka [[jaku Yami]]<br />[[jaku China]] ([[Jaku Mandarin Taiwan|Mandarin]], [[Jaku Hokkien Taiwan|Hokkien]], [[Jaku Hakka Taiwan|Hakka]])<br />[[Jaku Jipun]] ([[Jaku Jipun Kreol Yilan]]) | religions = '''Pengambis mayuh'''<br/>[[Kristian ba Taiwan|Kristian]]<br/>Minoriti: [[Animisme]] enggau [[Buddha ba Taiwan|Buddha]]{{ sfnp | Stainton | 2002 |pp=}} | related_groups = [[Orang Taiwan]], [[orang-orang Austronesia]] ke bukai }} {{Infobox Chinese | t = {{linktext|臺灣|原住民}} | s = {{linktext|台湾|原住民}} | p = Táiwān yuánzhùmín | w = {{Tone superscript|T'ai2-wan1 yüan2-chu4-min2}} | mi = {{IPAc-cmn|t|ai|2|.|wan|1|-|yuan|2|.|zh|u|4|.|m|in|2}} | bpmf = ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄩㄢˊ ㄓㄨˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ | poj = Tâi-ôan gôan-chū-bîn | tl = Tâi-uân guân-tsū-bîn | phfs = Thòi-vân Ngièn-chhu-mìn | h = {{Tone superscript|Toi2 van ngian2 cu4 min2}} | l = Pengentap pendiau asal Taiwan | tp = Táiwan yuán-jhù-mín }} '''Bansa asal Taiwan''',<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2024 |title=A vibrant celebration of Taiwan's little-known original inhabitants |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240125-a-vibrant-celebration-of-taiwans-little-known-original-inhabitants |access-date=25 January 2025 |author-first1=James|author-last1=Rogerson|website=BBC|language=en-GB}}</ref> nya [[bansa asal]] ari [[Taiwan]], enggau sub-raban ti diaku ba renggat nasional ti manggai urung 600,303 tauka 3% ari penyampau tubuh [[Geografi Taiwan|menua]]. Penyampau tu tau manggai 800,000 enti [[bansa asal emperan]] ba Taiwan disengkaum, nganti aku ti rasmi. Lebuh nyengkaum sida ke bechampur peturun, penyampau ke baka nya engka lebih ari sejuta. Pansik akademik nunjukka aki ini sida udah diau ba Taiwan kira-kira 15,000 taun.<!-- As per the section "history of.." below-->. Mayuh bengkah bukti nunjukka raban bansa asal Taiwan udah ngetanka jaringan dagang ti tetap enggau mayuh macham budaya pelilih menua [[Asia Tenggara]] sebedau [[bansa China Han]] [[Sejarah Taiwan|ngentapka pendiau kenyau kurun ke-17]], nitihka atur [[Formosa Belanda|perintah kolonial Belanda]] lalu udah nya perintah ke nganti nyentuk ke urung kurun ke-20.{{sfnp|Blust|1999}}<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Ancient jades map 3,000 years of prehistoric exchange in Southeast Asia|first1=Hsiao-Chun|last1=Hung|first2=Yoshiyuki|last2=Iizuka|first3=Peter|last3=Bellwood|first4=Kim Dung|last4=Nguyen|first5=Bérénice|last5=Bellina|first6=Praon|last6=Silapanth|first7=Eusebio|last7=Dizon|first8=Rey|last8=Santiago|first9=Ipoi|last9=Datan|first10=Jonathan H.|last10=Manton|date=2007|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=104|issue=50|pages=19745–19750|doi=10.1073/pnas.0707304104|pmid=18048347|pmc=2148369|doi-access=free}}</ref> Bansa-bansa asal Taiwan nya [[orang-orang Austronesia]] ti ngundan kaul jaku, gen, enggau main asal enggau raban-raban bansa Austronesia ke bukai.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Trejaut|first1=Jean A.|last2=Poloni|first2=Estella S.|last3=Yen|first3=Ju-Chen|last4=Lai|first4=Ying-Hui|last5=Loo|first5=Jun-Hun|last6=Lee|first6=Chien-Liang|last7=He|first7=Chun-Lin|last8=Lin|first8=Marie|date=1 January 2014|title=Taiwan Y-chromosomal DNA variation and its relationship with Island Southeast Asia|journal=BMC Genetics|volume=15|page=77|doi=10.1186/1471-2156-15-77|issn=1471-2156|pmc=4083334|pmid=24965575 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Taiwan nya endur asal sereta [[tanah ai linguistik]] [[pengerembai orang Austronesia]] nengah jalai tasik, ti raban peturun iya kemaya hari tu nyengkaum majoriti raban bansa di serata mayuh bengkah endur ba [[Asia Timur]] enggau [[Asia Tenggara|Tenggara]] pia mega [[Oceania]] sereta [[Afrika]], ti semua nya nyengkaum [[Brunei]], [[Timor Leste]], [[Indonesia]], [[Malaysia]], [[Madagaskar]], [[Filipina]], [[Mikronesia]], [[Melanesia Pulau]], sereta [[Polinesia]]. == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} nu60whnicnsw3ltgidp0nqtb4wfdzqm 0 6598 19083 2026-05-16T11:38:56Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox language | name = Atayal | altname = Tayal | region = [[Taiwan]] Utara | speakers = {{sigfig|85888|2}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 15, 2015 |title=Amis Remains Taiwan's Biggest Aboriginal Tribe at 37.1% of Total |language=en |work=[[Focus Taiwan]] |agency=CNA |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201502150011.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216122029/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/2...' 19083 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Atayal | altname = Tayal | region = [[Taiwan]] Utara | speakers = {{sigfig|85888|2}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=February 15, 2015 |title=Amis Remains Taiwan's Biggest Aboriginal Tribe at 37.1% of Total |language=en |work=[[Focus Taiwan]] |agency=CNA |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201502150011.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150216122029/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/asoc/201502150011.aspx |archive-date=2015-02-16 |access-date=2020-06-04 |url-status=live }}</ref> | ethnicity = [[Bansa Atayal|Atayal]] | date = 2008 | ref = e25 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Atayalik|Atayalik]] | dia1 = Matuʼuwal | dia2 = Skikun | dia3 = Squliq | dia4 = Plngawan | dia5 = Klesan | dia6 = Sʼuli | dia7 = Matuʼaw | script = [[Urup Latin|Latin]] ([[Sistem betulis jaku-jaku Formosa|alfabet Atayal]]) | iso3 = tay | glotto = atay1247 | glottorefname = Atayal | lingua = 30-AAA | map = Atayal.svg | mapcaption = Kar ti ngayanka agih dua raban dialek besai jaku Atayal. Bansa Atayal diau ba tengah enggau utara Taiwan, ba sepemanjai [[Tatai Hsuehshan]]. | map2 = Lang Status 80-VU.svg | mapcaption2 = {{center|Atayal dikelaska [[UNESCO]] Muntang Punas dalam ''[[Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger]]''.}} | notice = IPA }} '''Jaku Atayal''' nya [[jaku-jaku Austronesia|jaku Austronesia]]<ref>{{Glottolog|atay1247|Atayal}}</ref> dikena [[bansa Atayal]] aru [[Taiwan]]. Squliq enggau Cʼuliʼ (Tsʼoleʼ) iya nya dua bengkah dialek besai. Matuʼuwal enggau Paʼkualiʼ, dua subdialek Cʼuliʼ, nyelai entara dialek Atayal laban ngembuan bida rejista lelaki enggau indu dalam leka jaku sida. ==Sejarah== Beberapa iti kereja pasal jaku tu nyengkaum beberapa iti kereban sanding ungkup jalai jaku udah dikeluarka. Dalam taun 1980, siti diksionari Atayal–Inggeris dikeluarka [[Søren Egerod]].<ref>see {{harvp|Egerod|1980}}</ref> Salin [[Bup Kudus]] ngagai Jaku Atayal udah tembu kena 2003.<ref>{{cite web |title=Language: Atayal |url=https://joshuaproject.net/languages/tay?#resources |website=Joshua Project |access-date=3 February 2024}}</ref> Atayal was one of the source languages of [[Yilan Creole Japanese]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Yuehchen |first1=Chien |last2=Shinji |first2=Sanada |date=2010-08-16 |title=Yilan Creole in Taiwan |url=https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/jpcl.25.2.11yue |journal=Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages |language=en |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=350–357 |doi=10.1075/jpcl.25.2.11yue |issn=0920-9034|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Baruh [[Pengasar Burak (Taiwan)|perintah KMT]], pengawa ti nyadika jaku China Mandarin nyadika jaku tunggal menua Taiwan, ngujungka jaku asal nyengkaum jaku Atayal dichiping. Sistem pelajar meri mandat ngajar jaku Mandarin, ngujungka pengawa ngerembaika jaku Atayal entara rebak nurun.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Teyra |first=Ciwang |date=2015-07-07 |title=Who Are the Taiwanese Indigenous Peoples? |url=https://ketagalanmedia.com/2015/07/07/taiwanese-indigenous-peoples/ |access-date=2024-07-08 |website=Ketagalan Media |language=en-US}}</ref> Taja pan napi penanggul tu, komuniti Atayal ngetanka jaku sida ba endur kediri enggau enda formal.<ref>Sandel, Todd L. “Linguistic Capital in Taiwan: The KMT's Mandarin Language Policy and Its Perceived Impact on Language Practices of Bilingual Mandarin and Tai-Gi Speakers.” ''Language in Society'', vol. 32, no. 4, 2003, pp. 523–51. ''JSTOR'', <nowiki>http://www.jstor.org/stable/4169285</nowiki>. Accessed 8 July 2024.</ref> Berindik ari penginsil undang-undang soldadu dalam taun 1980-an enggau demokratisasyen Taiwan udah nya, polisi ngalih ngambika ngaku sereta ngetanka jaku asal enggau penumbuh [[Kaunsil Bansa Asal]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Davidson |first=Helen |date=2021-06-08 |title=Healing words: Taiwan's tribes fight to save their disappearing languages |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/09/healing-words-taiwans-tribes-fight-to-save-their-disappearing-languages |access-date=2024-07-08 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> Kena April 2020, [[w:Tay:|Wikipedia jaku Atayal]] dilanchar berindik ari pengawa Opis Menteri Pelajar Taiwan enggau [[Universiti Nasional Chengchi]] ti deka ngelakuka pengawa ngena jaku orang asal Taiwan betulis.<ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2020 |title=Atayal and Sediq Added to Wikipedia's Languages |language=en |work=Taipei Times |url=https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2021/04/17/2003755857 |access-date=18 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="Language Magazine 2021">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-29 |title=Indigenous Taiwanese Languages Now Available on Wikipedia |url=https://www.languagemagazine.com/2021/04/29/indigenous-taiwanese-languages-now-available-on-wikipedia/ |access-date=2021-07-04 |website=Language Magazine |language=en}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} ==Laman web ke bukai== * [https://archive.org/stream/rosettaproject_tay_swadesh-1/tay.txt Rosetta Project: Atayal Swadesh list] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100526201249/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=256 Ci'uli Atayal Wordlist at the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database] * [https://e-dictionary.apc.gov.tw/tay/search.htm Yuánzhùmínzú yǔyán xiànshàng cídiǎn 原住民族語言線上詞典] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210622145319/https://e-dictionary.apc.gov.tw/tay/Search.htm |date=2021-06-22 }} {{in lang|zh}} – Atayal search page at the "Aboriginal language online dictionary" website of the Council of Indigenous Peoples of Taiwan {{Authority control}} [[Kategori:Jaku ba Taiwan|A]] fprhbyhz38ed8k16i8uhwep66v65tbk