Wikipedia
ibawiki
https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah
MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.3
first-letter
Media
Spesyel
Randau
Penggena
Randau penggena
Wikipedia
Randau Wikipedia
Fail
Randau fail
MediaWiki
Randau MediaWiki
Templat
Randau templat
Bantu
Randau bantu
Kategori
Randau kategori
TimedText
TimedText talk
Modul
Randau modul
Acara
Perbincangan acara
Chabi
0
1303
19194
10443
2026-05-27T04:58:15Z
Song GK
9
/* Malin */
19194
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{taxobox
|name = Chabi<br/>Sangki
|image = Chilipeber.jpg
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]]
|unranked_classis = [[Magnoliopsida]]
|ordo = [[Solanales]]
|famili=[[Solanaceae]]
|genus = [[Capsicum]]
|parent_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|taxon = Capsicum
|authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]
|subdivision_ranks = [[Varieti (botani)|Varieti]] and [[Kultivar]]
|subdivision =
*[[Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum|''C. annuum'' var. ''glabriusculum'']]<ref name="GRIN">{{GRIN}}</ref>
*''C. annuum'' [[Lada benggala]]
*''C. annuum'' [[Lada Cayenne|'Cayenne']]
*''C. annuum'' '[[Jalapeño]]'
*''C. annuum'' [[New Mexico chile|'New Mexico Group' (New Mexico chile)]]
*''C. annuum'' '[[Poblano]]'
*''C. chinense'' '[[Habanero]]'
*''C. chinense'' '[[Scotch bonnet]]'
*''C. frutescens'' '[[Peri-peri]]'
*''C. frutescens'' '[[Lada Tabasco]]'
|synonyms_ref =<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2698415|title=Capsicum annuum L. — The Plant List|website=www.theplantlist.org}}</ref>
|synonyms = {{collapsible list|bullets = true
|title=<small>Synonymy</small>
|''Capsicum ''buforum'' <small>Salisb.</small>
}}}}
'''Chabi''', '''sangki'''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |title=Kamus Bahasa Iban-Melayu|encyclopedia= |date= |year=2018 |last= |first= |publisher=Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka|location= |id= |url= |access-date=}}</ref> tauka nama saintifik Capsicum spp. tu sebansa ari sayur bebuah ari raban Solanaceae<ref>"''Cili''". ''Rangkaian Maklumat Sumber Germplasma (GRIN)''. Perkhidmatan Penyelidikan Pertanian, Jabatan Pertanian Amerika Syarikat.</ref> ari mayuh macham spesis utai tumbuh bebuah ti pedas. Chabi tu mega ngembuan kapsaisin <ref>''www.theplantlist.org''.</ref> lalu suah dikena lebuh nyediaka pemakai.
== Kereban sanding ==
<references />
mr1l0pxqlmko76352ee84z0bjmu9y6r
Connacht
0
1320
19190
8127
2026-05-27T04:55:36Z
Song GK
9
/* Malin */
19190
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name = Connacht
| native_name = {{Lang|ga|Connachta}}<ref name=foclóir>{{Cite web |url=https://www.focloir.ie/en/dictionary/ei/connacht |title=Connacht (also Connaught)|website=foclóir.ie |publisher=Foras na Gaeilge |access-date= 16 December 2022}}</ref>
| motto =
| website =
| image_shield = Coat of arms of Connacht.svg
| image_skyline =
| shield_size = 90px
| image_flag = Flag of Connacht.svg
| flag_size = 150px
| image_map = Connacht locator map.svg
| mapsize = 192px
| subdivision_type = State
| subdivision_name = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Ireland|Counties]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[County Galway|Galway]]<br />[[County Leitrim|Leitrim]]<br />[[County Mayo|Mayo]]<br />[[County Roscommon|Roscommon]]<br />[[County Sligo|Sligo]]
| leader_title = [[Teachtaí Dála]]
| leader_name = 6 [[Independent politician (Ireland)|Independent]] TDs <br /> 5 [[Fine Gael]] TDs<br /> 4 [[Fianna Fáil]] TDs <br /> 4 [[Sinn Féin]] TDs
| leader_title2 = [[Member of the European Parliament|MEPs]]{{Ref label|MEP|a|}}
| leader_name2 = 2 [[Fine Gael]] MEPs<br /> 1 [[Sinn Féin]] MEP<br /> 1 [[Independent politician (Ireland)|Independent]] MEP
| coordinates = {{Coord|54|-9|display=inline,title}}
| area_total_sq_mi = 6,839
| area_total_km2 = 17,713
|area_rank = [[Provinces of Ireland#Demographics and politics|4th]]
| timezone = [[Western European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset = ±0
| timezone_DST = [[Irish Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +1
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_total = 589,338
|population_rank = [[Provinces of Ireland#Demographics and politics|4th]]
|population_density_km2 = auto
| population_footnotes = <ref name=Census>{{Cite web |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-syi/psyi2016/people/cen/ |title=Population by province |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office]] |year=2016 |access-date=30 October 2018 |archive-date=31 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052758/https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-syi/psyi2016/people/cen/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| iso_code = IE-C<ref name=ISO>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf |title=ISO 3166-2 Newsletter II-1 (including Irish language names for provinces and counties) |date=19 February 2010 |page=20 |publisher=[[International Organization for Standardization]] (ISO) |access-date=30 December 2012 |archive-date=3 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203140951/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-1_corrected_2010-02-19.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland|Telephone area codes]]
| area_code = 07''x'', 09''x'' <small>(primarily)</small>
| postal_code_type = [[Eircode]] routing keys
| postal_code = Beginning with F, H, N <small>(primarily)</small>
| footnotes =
a. {{Note|MEP}} Connacht is part of the [[Midlands–North-West (European Parliament constituency)|Midlands–North-West]] constituency; the five Connacht counties contain 36.2% of the population of this constituency.<ref>Census of Ireland 2016: 550,742 out of 1,521,592 total.</ref>
| name =
}}
'''Connacht''' tauka '''Connaught''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|ɔː|t|,_|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|ə|(|x|)|t}};<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190126220734/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Connacht "Connacht"] (US) and {{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Connacht |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200211073158/https://www.lexico.com/definition/connacht |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-02-11 |title=Connacht |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Connacht|access-date=January 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite American Heritage Dictionary|Connacht|access-date=11 October 2019}}</ref> {{Lang-ga|Connachta}} tauka {{Lang|ga|Cúige Chonnacht}}), nya sebengkah ari empat bengkah [[provinsi ba Ireland]], ba barat menua Ireland. Nyentukka abad kesemilan provinsi tu ngembuan mayuh bengkah perintah besai Gaelic ti merdeka ([[Uí Fiachrach]], [[Uí Briúin]], [[Uí Maine]], [[Conmhaícne]], and [[Delbhna]]).
Entara perintah [[Conchobar mac Taidg Mór]] (midang 882) enggau peturun iya, [[Aedh mac Ruaidri Ó Conchobair]] (merintah 1228–33), kandang menua tu nyadi perintah baruh dinasti [[Uí Briúin]] Aí, ti merintah iya sept ngena nama diri sebilik Ua Conchobair. Ba tikas ke pemadu besai, iya nyengkaum Perintah Breifne ke suah merdeka, sereta mega vassalage ari lordships barat Mide enggau barat [[Leinster]]. Dua iku raja iya ti pemadu besai, [[Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair]] (1088–1156) enggau anak iya [[Ruaidri Ua Conchobair]] (c. 1115–1198) balat ngerembaika kuasa perintah nya, nyentukka seduai iya sama nyadi Raja Tinggi Ireland.
Perintah Connacht runtuh dalam taun 1230-an ketegal perang rayat dalam dinasti diraja, ti ngasuh palan pengentap pendiau Hiberno-Norman ti ngerembai di baruh pegai Richard Mór de Burgh, Baron Ke-1 Connaught, enggau bala penganti iya. Koloni Norman di Connacht ngeredut ari c. 1300 ngagai c. 1360, enggau pekara ke nyadi baka perang Ahascragh taun 1307 (peda Donnchad Muimnech Ó Cellaigh), Perang Athenry Kedua taun 1316 enggau pengawa munuh William Donn de Burgh dalam bulan Jun 1333, Earl ke-3 ari Ulster enggau Gadragensural rega. ngagai nengeri baka Ballinrobe, Loughrea, Athenry, enggau Galway. Jauh ngagai abad ke-16, perintah baka Uí Maine enggau Tír Fhíacrach Múaidhe mengkang enda ulih dikuasa English, lalu mayuh ruang bilik Norman baka de Burgh, de Bermingham, de Exeter, de Staunton, nyadi sepenuh iya ngena jaku Gaelic. Semina ba ujung taun 1500-an, maya Tudor ngalahka Ireland, Connacht udah di-shired ngagai kandang menua iya ke diatu.
Penyampau tubuh ba Connacht bisi 1,418,859 iku ba taun 1841.<ref>{{Cite book |title=The National Cyclopaedia of Useful Knowledge, Vol IV |date=1848 |publisher=Charles Knight |location=London |page=858}}</ref> Udah nya bisi [[Lapar Pungkang Besai Ireland]] dalam taun 1840-an, ti berengkah nurun dalam timpuh 120 taun ngagai baruh ari 400,000 iku. Provinsi nya ngembuan penyampau tubuh baruh mimit ari 590,000 iku nitihka pemutus tumu pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Geographic Changes |website=Central Statistics Office|date=23 June 2022 |url=https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cpr/censusofpopulation2022-preliminaryresults/geographicchanges/|access-date=2023-01-03|language=en}}</ref>
Pengawa ngena jaku English kurang tampak ba barat Ireland, lalu Connacht kemaya hari tu ngembuan penyampau orang ke ngena [[jaku Ireland]] ke pemadu mayuh entara empat buah pelilih menua Ireland. Diatu, penyampau peratus orang ke ngumbai diri bejaku Irish di Connacht iya nya 39.8% (lebih ari 202,000 iku).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/saveselections.asp|title=Percentage of Irish Speakers and Non-Irish Speakers Aged 3 Years and Over 2011 to 2016 by Sex, County and City, Statistical Indicator and Census Year|website=Central Statistics Office|access-date=2018-10-31|archive-date=10 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170710165025/http://www.cso.ie/px/pxeirestat/Statire/SelectVarVal/saveselections.asp|url-status=live}}</ref> Bisi kandang menua [[Gaeltacht]] ba Counties [[County Galway|Galway]] enggau [[County Mayo|Mayo]].
Provinsi Connacht nadai fungsyen rasmi ungkup tuju perintah menua, tang iya nyadi subbagian ke diaku rasmi nengeri Ireland. Iya dirintaika ba ISO-3166-2 nyadi siti ari empat pelilih menua Ireland lalu "IE-C" dikaitka enggau Connacht nyadi kod sub-bagi menua iya.<ref name=ISO /> Beserimbai enggau kandang menua ari pelilih menua bukai, Connacht ba sitak Midlands–North-West ungkup pengawa bepilih ngagai Parlimen Eropah.
== Kereban sanding ==
{{reflist}}
jqax3hld9aivr45t35z1zwky69tljq3
Cork
0
1321
19193
8128
2026-05-27T04:57:23Z
Song GK
9
/* Malin */
19193
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Cork
| other_name =
| settlement_type = Nengeri
| native_name = {{Lang|ga|Corcaigh}}
| motto = {{Lang-la|Statio Bene Fida Carinis}}<br />"A safe harbour for ships"<ref>''statiō bene fīdā carīnīs'': literally "a good trust-station for [[keel]]s", adapted by inversion from Virgil's [[Aeneid]] (II, 23: ''statio male fida carinis'', "an unsafe harbour"). Sometimes corrupted to "fide".</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Cork City Coat of Arms |url=http://www.corkcity.ie/lordmayor/historicalinformation/corkcoatofarms/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150915070432/http://www.corkcity.ie/lordmayor/historicalinformation/corkcoatofarms/ |archive-date=15 September 2015 |access-date=21 February 2016 |publisher=[[Cork City Council]]}}</ref>
| image_skyline = Cork City Montage Quick Collage of CC Commons Cork Images.jpg
| nicknames = ''The Rebel City'', ''Leeside'', ''The Real Capital''
| imagesize =
| image_caption = From top, left to right: [[Cork City Hall|City Hall]], the [[English Market]], Quadrangle in [[University College Cork|UCC]], the [[River Lee (Ireland)|River Lee]], [[Church of St Anne (Shandon)|Shandon Steeple]]
| image_seal =
| image_shield = County Cork arms.png
| shield_size =
| image_map = Corkcity.png
| pushpin_map = Ireland#Europe
| pushpin_map_caption = Location within Ireland##Location within Europe
| pushpin_relief = 1
| coordinates = {{Coord|51|53|50|N|8|28|12|W|region:IE|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = State
| subdivision_name = Ireland
| subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Munster]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Regions of Ireland|Region]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Southern Region, Ireland|Southern]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Counties of Ireland|County]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[County Cork]]
| leader_title = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|Local authority]]
| leader_name = [[Cork City Council]]
| leader_title1 = [[Lord Mayor of Cork|Lord Mayor]]
| leader_name1 = Kieran McCarthy ([[Independent politician (Ireland)|Ind]])
| leader_title2 = [[Local electoral area]]s
| leader_name2 = {{Unbulleted list|
Cork City North West|
Cork City North East|
Cork City South Central|
Cork City South East|
Cork City South West
}}
| leader_title3 = [[Dáil constituencies]]
| leader_name3 = {{Unbulleted list|
[[Cork North-Central (Dáil constituency)|Cork North-Central]]|
[[Cork South-Central (Dáil constituency)|Cork South-Central]]|
[[Cork North-West (Dáil constituency)|Cork North-West]]
}}
| leader_title4 = [[European Parliament constituencies in the Republic of Ireland|European Parliament]]
| leader_name4 = [[South (European Parliament constituency)|South]]
| established_title = Founded
| established_date = 6th century [[Anno Domini|AD]]
| established_title2 = City rights
| established_date2 = 1185 [[Anno Domini|AD]]
| established_title3 =
| established_date3 =
| area_footnotes = <ref name="expansion2019">{{Cite web |date=30 May 2019 |title=Cork City's population to grow by 85,000 and expand fivefold ... at midnight |url=https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/cork-citys-population-to-grow-by-85000-and-expand-fivefold-at-midnight-927835.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411073245/https://www.irishexaminer.com/breakingnews/ireland/cork-citys-population-to-grow-by-85000-and-expand-fivefold-at-midnight-927835.html |archive-date=11 April 2020 |access-date=31 May 2019 |website=irishexaminer.com |publisher=Irish Examiner}}</ref>
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 187
| area_total_sq_mi =
| area_land_km2 =
| area_land_sq_mi =
| area_water_km2 =
| area_water_sq_mi =
| area_water_percent =
| area_urban_km2 = 174
| area_urban_sq_mi =
| area_metro_km2 = 820
| area_metro_sq_mi =
| population_as_of = [[2022 census of Ireland|2022]]
| population_footnotes = <ref name="cso2022">{{Cite web |title=Interactive Data Visualisations: Towns: Cork City and Suburbs |url=https://visual.cso.ie/?body=entity/ima/cop/2022&boundary=C03789V04537&guid=2ae19629-1434-13a3-e055-000000000001 |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=Census 2022 |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office]]}}</ref>
| population_metro_footnotes = (2017)
| population_note =
| population_urban =
| population_total = 224,004
| population_density_km2 = 1188
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_density_urban_km2 =
| population_density_urban_sq_mi =
| population_metro = 305,222<ref name="Cork 2050 Main Report">{{Cite web |date=March 2017 |title=Cork 2050 Main Report |url=https://www.corkcoco.ie/sites/default/files/2017-08/Cork%202050%20Main%20Report.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125144858/https://www.corkcoco.ie/sites/default/files/2017-08/Cork%202050%20Main%20Report.pdf |archive-date=25 November 2020 |access-date=12 November 2018 |website=Cork County Council |publisher=Cork County Council & Cork City Council}}</ref>
| population_density_metro_km2 =
| population_density_metro_sq_mi =
| population_blank1_title = Demonym
| population_blank1 = Corkonian or Leesider
| population_density_blank1_km2 =
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi =
| population_blank2_title =
| population_blank2 =
| population_density_blank2_km2 =
| population_density_blank2_sq_mi =
| timezone = [[Western European Time|WET]]
| utc_offset = 0
| timezone_DST = [[Irish Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +1
| elevation_footnotes =
| elevation_m =
| elevation_ft =
| postal_code_type = Eircode
| postal_code = T12 and T23
| area_code = 021
| website = {{Official website}}
| blank_name = [[Vehicle registration plates of Ireland|Vehicle index<br />mark code]]
| blank_info = C
| module = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=10}}
}}
'''Cork''' ({{Irish place name|Corcaigh|no_translate=yes}}; ari leka jaku {{Lang|ga|[[wikt:corcach|corcach]]}}, ti mai reti 'paya')<ref name="libraryireland">{{Cite book |last=Patrick Weston Joyce |url=http://www.libraryireland.com/IrishPlaceNames/Corcach-Root-Word.php |title=Irish Local Names |date=1923 |access-date=2 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191002174248/https://www.libraryireland.com/IrishPlaceNames/Corcach-Root-Word.php |archive-date=2 October 2019 |url-status=live |via=libraryireland.com}}</ref> nyadi nengeri kedua pemadu besai di menua [[Republik Ireland|Ireland]], nengeri county County Cork, nengeri pemadu besai di provinsi Munster lalu ketiga pemadu besai di pulau [[Ireland]]. Ba pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2022, penyampau tubuh ba nengeri tu bisi 224,004 iku.<ref name="cso2022" />
Pusat nengeri nya sebengkah pulau entara dua saluran Sungai Lee ti betemu ba ili ba ujung timur iya, ke alai dermaga enggau palan penyangkai kapal ba sepemanjai sungai nya nuju ke luar nuju Lough Mahon enggau Cork Harbour, siti ari palan penyangkai kapal asal ke pemadu besai di dunya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=RTÉ Television – The Harbour |url=http://www.rte.ie/tv/theharbour/abouttheshow.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619162718/http://www.rte.ie/tv/theharbour/abouttheshow.html |archive-date=19 June 2017 |access-date=12 August 2010 |publisher=RTÉ.ie}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Coastal & Marine Resources Centre – Cork Harbour Marine Life Research Project Report |url=http://cmrc.ie/projects/cork-harbour-birds-atlas.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229171634/http://www.cmrc.ie/projects/cork-harbour-birds-atlas.html |archive-date=29 February 2016 |access-date=12 August 2010 |publisher=Cmrc.ucc.ie}}</ref>
Cork ditumbuhka dalam abad ke-6 nyadi palan pengentap pendiau monastik, lalu ditambahka bala penyerang Viking urung taun 915. Piagam iya diberi Putera John dalam taun 1185. Mengeri Cork kala dinding penuh, lalu teda pusat mengeri lama abad tengah ulih ditemu . ngelingi jalai Utama Selatan enggau Utara. Cognomen nengeri tu “nengeri pemberontak” bepun ari sukung iya ngagai York dalam Perang Roses.<ref>{{Citation |last=John Paxton |title=The Penguin encyclopedia of places |year=2000 |edition=3 |publisher=Penguin |isbn=978-0-14-051275-5}}</ref> Orang Cork kekadang ngumbai nengeri tu "indu nengeri ti bendar",<ref>{{Cite news |date=7 April 2015 |title=Cork's small problem: the real issue for the real capital is its size |url=http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/cork-s-small-problem-the-real-issue-for-the-real-capital-is-its-size-1.2166483 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151118044404/http://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/cork-s-small-problem-the-real-issue-for-the-real-capital-is-its-size-1.2166483 |archive-date=18 November 2015 |access-date=17 November 2015 |publisher=Irishtimes.com}}</ref> nujuka ngagai penentang iya ngagai Sempekat Anglo-Irish dalam Perang Saudara Ireland.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The battle for Cork City, August 1922 – Interview with John Borgonovo |url=http://www.theirishstory.com/2011/09/04/the-battle-for-cork-city-august-1922-interview-with-john-borgonovo/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604131424/https://www.theirishstory.com/2011/09/04/the-battle-for-cork-city-august-1922-interview-with-john-borgonovo/ |archive-date=4 June 2020 |access-date=22 May 2016 |website=The Irish Story}}</ref>
== Kereban sanding ==
{{reflist}}
ism48vz46jv31qag7uusaf5oqxgwct4
Hairee Francis
0
1428
19184
19175
2026-05-27T01:40:57Z
Jang Edgar
20
19184
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = Hairee Francis
| birth_name = Hairee anak Francis
| image = Hairee Francis BNF KL 2026.jpg
| caption = Hairee Francis ba Borneo Native Festival 2026
| birth_place = [[Simanggang]], [[Sarawak]]
| birth_date = {{hari bulan pengada enggau umur|1995|01|04}}
| years_active = 2002-diatu
| label = Francis Five
| module = {{infobox person
|embed = yes
| relatives = [[Melissa Francis]] (aka)
| education = Institut SAE Malaysia
| spouse = Marzella Sigai
}}
}}
'''Hairee anak Francis''' tauka '''Hairee Francis''' (ada 4 Januari 1995<ref name=":0" />) nya siku penyanyi-penulis leka lagu, producer sereta penengkebang lagu Iban ke tebilang ba Sarawak. Entara lagu iya ke tebilang ia nya Kela Kendit, Minta Tulung enggau Udah Teleba. Iya mega nengkebang lagu ungkup artis bukai baka lagu Bujang Sarawak ti dilaguka [[Baby Shima]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tvsarawak.my/2025/02/22/baby-shima-masih-menunggu-masa-untuk-lancar-single-iban/ |title=Baby Shima masih menunggu masa untuk lancar single Iban |website=TVS |date=2025-02-22 |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref>
== Pengidup tumu ==
Iya keterubah iya belajar bemain [[bass]], [[gitar]], [[dram]] sereta keyboard ari apai iya kenyau iya lima taun. Maya iya tujuh taun, iya udah kala ngarika Kuching dalam Bintang Kecil lalu nyadi champion ba taun 2002.<ref name="ruai pemerindang">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5fuQzE0rrk |title=Ruai Pemerindang - Hairee Francis |date=2020-03-18 |publisher=[[Cats FM]] |medium=YouTube video |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Udah nya, iya nerima pelajar diploma ba Institut SAE Malaysia.<ref name="pemerindang borneo">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnL-7MXf_nE&list=RDCnL-7MXf_nE&start_radio=1 |title=Pemerindang Borneo Hairee Francis |date=2022-07-24 |publisher=[[TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)]] |medium=YouTube video |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref>
== Pengidup kediri ==
Hairee Francis anak keempat ari lima iku menyadi. Aka iya [[Melissa Francis]] nya pemadu tuai dalam sida menyadi.<ref name=":0">{{cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ToBersaOOnI |title=Kamek Live minggu tok bersama Melissa Francis dan Hairee Francis |date=2019-02-13 |publisher=[[TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)]] |medium=YouTube video |access-date=2026-05-21}}</ref> Iya bejadi enggau Marzella Sigai, siku pemacha berita sereta hos televisyen dalam [[TVS (saluran TV Malaysia)|TVS]].
== Pengawa nengkebang lagu artis bukai ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Tajuk lagu
!Artis
!Taun
|-
|Bujang Sarawak
|Baby Shima
|2024
|}
== Kereban sanding ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Kategori:Muzik]]
[[Kategori:Pengada 1995]]
[[Kategori:Orang idup]]
j8z5zc4bgx1rjc62iy2bqrvrq2o6nf6
Riyadh
0
1976
19192
8529
2026-05-27T04:56:54Z
Song GK
9
/* Malin */
19192
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox settlement
| native_name = {{Lang|ar|الرياض}}
| settlement_type = Indu menua
<!-- images, nickname, motto --->| image_skyline = {{Multiple image
| total_width = 300
| image1 = Riyadh Skyline.jpg
| image2 = The Boulevard Riyadh 181307.jpg
| image3 = Masmak Fort (12753717253).jpg
| image4 = KAFD seen from North east side of Riyadh City.jpg
| image5 = Heroes Gate Riyadh, Dec 2023.jpg
| caption1 = [[Al Olaya (Riyadh)|Al Olaya District]]
| caption2 = [[Boulevard City]]
| caption3 = [[Masmak Fort]]
| caption4 = [[King Abdullah Financial District]]
| caption5 = [[Al Abtal Gate]]
| perrow = 1/2/2
| border = infobox
}}
| image_size = 285px
| image_flag =
| flag_size = 125px
| image_seal = Emblem of Riyadh.png
| nickname =
| motto =
| map_caption = Endur ba Arab Saudi
| pushpin_map = Saudi Arabia#Asia#World
| pushpin_label_position = left
| pushpin_relief = yes
| pushpin_mapsize =
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of Riyadh within Saudi Arabia
| coordinates = {{Coord|24|38|N|46|43|E|region:SA|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type = Menua
| subdivision_name = {{Flag|Saudi Arabia}}
| subdivision_type3 = [[List of governorates of Saudi Arabia|Governorate]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Riyadh Governorate]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[Provinsi ba Arab Saudi|Provinsi]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Provinsi Riyadh]]
| governing_body = [[Riyadh Municipality]]
| leader_title =
| leader_name =
| leader_title1 = Governor of Riyadh
| leader_name1 = [[Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud (born 1945)|Faisal bin Bandar Al Saud]]
| unit_pref = Metric
| area_footnotes =
| area_magnitude =
| area_total_km2 = 1973
| elevation_m = 612
| population_total = 7,009,100
| population_as_of = 2022
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://portal.saudicensus.sa/portal/public/1/15/45?type=DASHBOARD|title=بوابة الهيئة - الصفحة الرئيسية|language=ar|website=portal.saudicensus.sa}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi =
| population_metro = 7820551
| population_note =
| demographics_type1 = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)]]
| demographics1_footnotes =
| demographics1_title1 = Year
| demographics1_info1 = 2023
| demographics1_title2 = Total
| demographics1_info2 = $428.7 billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{Cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_sau.pdf|publisher=Tellusant, Inc.|website=tellusant.com|title=TelluBase—Saudi Arabia Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}</ref>
| demographics1_title3 = Per capita
| demographics1_info3 = $55,800
| postal_code_type = Postal Code
| postal_code = (5 digits)
| area_code = +966 011
| website = {{URL|https://www.alriyadh.gov.sa/en/|alriyadh.gov.sa}}
| blank3_name = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] (2021)
| blank3_info = 0.900<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://globaldatalab.org/shdi/table/shdi/SAU/?levels=1+4&years=2021&interpolation=0&extrapolation=0 |title=Sub-national HDI – Subnational HDI – Global Data Lab}}</ref> – <span style="color:#090;">very high</span>
| leader_title2 = Mayor of Riyadh
| leader_name2 = [[Faisal bin Abdul Aziz bin Ayyaf]]
| timezone = [[UTC+03:00#Arabia Standard Time|AST]]
| utc_offset = +03:00
| elevation_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Elevation Finder|url=https://www.freemaptools.com/elevation-finder.htm|access-date=2021-05-14|website=www.freemaptools.com}}</ref>
| established_title = Established
| established_date = {{Start date and age|1746}}
| founder = [[Dahham ibn Dawwas]]
}}
'''Riyadh''' ({{Lang-ar|الرياض|ar-Riyāḍ}}; ti mai reti "padang rumput") nya indu menua sereta nengeri ke pemadu besai ba menua [[Arab Saudi]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gardham |first=Richard |date=2022-12-28 |title=The largest cities in Saudi Arabia (and their investment strengths) |url=https://www.investmentmonitor.ai/cities/the-largest-cities-in-saudi-arabia-and-their-investment-strengths/ |access-date=2023-04-16 |website=Investment Monitor |language=en-US}}</ref> Nengeri tu mega nyadi indu nengeri [[Provinsi Riyadh]] lalu nyadi palan Gobenorat Riyadh. Tukuh metropolis ke diatu mansutka diri nyadi pampang mengeri ke bedinding ke sama nama berindik ari pengawa ngererak kubu pertahanan iya dalam taun 1950-an, pengudah nya mengeri tu ngasaika beberapa renggat pengawa ngerembai enggau urbanisasyen.
== Kereban sanding ==
{{reflist}}
1ktcbc985o6sgiz7yxdvtamlbn32pwq
Te
0
2111
19191
9187
2026-05-27T04:56:32Z
Song GK
9
/* Malin */
19191
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox drink
| name = Te
| original_name = 茶
| type = Ai irup angat tauka chelap
| image = Longjing tea steeping in gaiwan.jpg
| caption = [[Te gadung]] [[Te Longjing|Longjing]] diinfus dalam ''[[gaiwan]]''
| origin = China<ref>{{Cite news |first=Thomas |last=Fuller |title=A Tea From the Jungle Enriches a Placid Village |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/21/world/asia/21tea.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |location=New York |page=A8 |date=21 April 2008 |access-date=23 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170214133259/http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/21/world/asia/21tea.html |archive-date=14 February 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref>
| introduced = Keterubah iya dirikod ba menua China dalam taun 59 SM, nyangka asal iya dulu agi ari nya{{Sfn|Mair|Hoh|2009|pp=29–30}}
| color =
}}
'''Te''' nya ai irup aromatik ti disediaka enggau chara nuang ai angat tauka mansau ba atas daun ''[[Camellia sinensis]]'' ti udah diperubat tauka baru, semak ti seruran gadung asal ari Asia Timur ti nyangka bepun ari garis entara menua barat daya China enggau utara Myanmar.<ref name=Yamamoto /><ref>{{Cite book|author1=Mary Lou Heiss|author2=Robert J. Heiss|title=The Story of Tea: A Cultural History and Drinking Guide|url=https://archive.org/details/storyofteacultur0000heis|quote=Camellia sinensis originated in southeast Asia, specifically around the intersection of 29th parallel and 98th meridian, the point of confluence of the lands of southwest China and Tibet|url-access=registration}}, north Burma, and northeast India, citing Mondal (2007) p. 519</ref>{{Sfn|Heiss|Heiss|2007|pp=6–7}} Te mega digaga, tang jarang, ari daun ''[[Camellia taliensis]]''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sevencups.com/shop/lao-shu-dian-hong-old-tree-yunnan|title=Laoshu Dianhong (Old Tree Yunnan)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teatrekker.com/product/yunnan-da-bai-silver-needles/|title=Yunnan da Bai Silver Needles – Tea Trekker}}</ref><ref>Liu ''et al.'' (2012)</ref> Pengudah ai amat, te nyadi ai irup ti pemadu mayuh diirup ba dunya.<ref name="Macfarlane">{{Cite book |first1=Alan |last1=Macfarlane |author-link=Alan Macfarlane |last2=Macfarlane |first2=Iris |author-link2=Iris Macfarlane |title=The Empire of Tea |publisher=The Overlook Press |isbn=978-1-58567-493-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/empireoftearemar00macf/page/32 32] |year=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/empireoftearemar00macf/page/32}}</ref> Mayuh macham bansa teh; bisi sekeda bisi asai ti ngasuh sejuk, pait mimit,<ref name="ody">{{Cite book |author1=Penelope Ody |title=Complete Guide to Medicinal Herbs |publisher=Dorling Kindersley Publishing |location=New York |year= 2000|page=48 |isbn=978-0-7894-6785-0 }}</ref> lalu bisi mega ke bisi bansa te ti nyengkaum enda manis, asai bungai, tauka rumput. Teh bisi empas meransang ba mensia, kelebih agi ketegal kandung [[kafein]] iya.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cappelletti |first=Simone |last2=Piacentino |first2=Daria |last3=Sani |first3=Gabriele |last4=Aromatario |first4=Mariarosaria |title=Caffeine: cognitive and physical performance enhancer or psychoactive drug? |journal=Current Neuropharmacology |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=71–88 |date=January 2015 |pmid=26074744 |pmc=4462044 |doi=10.2174/1570159X13666141210215655 |issn=1570-159X}}</ref>
== Kereban sanding ==
{{reflist}}
e5cko5swr9wiv7l1wbbeyp3h5sfpxxy
Penggena:Song GK
2
2206
19182
18419
2026-05-26T21:57:29Z
~2026-31539-59
2374
Gjko😐
19182
wikitext
text/x-wiki
==[[😐|Penerang]]==
<hiero>
Ggjijgb😐
</hiero>
==dirignfg😐😐==
{{Pengena Malaysia}}
{{Pengena ba Malaysia}}
{{Pengena Malaysia/Sarawak}}
{{Pengena Iban}}
{{Pengena Katolik}}
{{Pengena Libra}}[[Tasik Luar Pasifik]]<syntaxhighlight lang="ada2005" line="1">
😐ffgghytyu
</syntaxhighlight>{{Pengena Matematik}}😐
f7gm42iu4zmit50rcjdk49uzqvdmkws
19183
19182
2026-05-26T23:32:23Z
Song GK
9
Suntingan oleh [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31539-59|~2026-31539-59]] ([[User talk:~2026-31539-59|perbincangan]]) dikembalikan kepada semakan terdahulu oleh [[User:Song GK|Song GK]]
18419
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{#babel: iba|en-4|ms-4|ja-1|no-1|sne-1}}
==Penerang diri==
{{Pengena Malaysia}}
{{Pengena ba Malaysia}}
{{Pengena Malaysia/Sarawak}}
{{Pengena Iban}}
{{Pengena Katolik}}
{{Pengena Libra}}
{{Pengena Matematik}}
ogkesk4gn69xohf7tpoh6s8j51lvrkt
Ekonomi hidrogen
0
2417
19188
19181
2026-05-27T04:54:07Z
Song GK
9
/* Penyanding */
19188
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''Ekonomi hidrogen''' iya nya guna ngasilka enggau ngena hidrogen dikena ngurangka bepanggai ba minyak fosil sereta nyekat pengangat dunya.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Yap |first1=Jiazhen |last2=McLellan |first2=Benjamin |date=6 January 2023 |title=A Historical Analysis of Hydrogen Economy Research, Development, and Expectations, 1972 to 2020 |journal=Environments |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.3390/environments10010011 |issn=2076-3298 |doi-access=free |hdl=2433/284015 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>
Hidrogen ulih diasilka ngena beberapa chara. Mayuh agi hidrogen diasilka hari tu nya "hidrogen kelabu". Iya digaga ari gis asli nengah chara ngaga reformasyen metan wap (''steam methane reforming'', SMR). Proses tu nyadika 1.8% ari pemansut gas rumah gadung global ba taun 2021.<ref name="auto1">Greenhouse gas emissions totalled 49.3 Gigatonnes CO<sub>2</sub>e in 2021.{{Cite web |title=Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions: 1990–2020 and Preliminary 2021 Estimates |url=https://rhg.com/research/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-2021/ |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=Rhodium Group |date=19 December 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref> Hidrogen biru tauka hidrogen karbon ti baruh diasilka ngena SMR lalu karbon ti diasilka nya ditangkap sereta disimpan. Hidrogen gadung iya nya pengawa ngasilka hidrogen enggau sifar pemansut karbon laban kuasa karan nya datai ari pun penatai kuasa tau dikena baru baka kuasa solar, angin tauka hidro. Ba taun 2021, hidrogen kelabu mungkur 61.7% ari penyampau pemansut hidrogen, ditangkan hidrogen biru (0.7%) enggau hidrogen gadung (0.04%).<ref>{{cite web |last1=Shakun |first1=Singh |title=The evolution of the green and blue hydrogen markets and insights for the future |url=https://www.acuitykp.com/blog/the-evolution-of-the-green-and-blue-hydrogen-markets/ |access-date=9 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322155523/https://www.acuitykp.com/blog/the-evolution-of-the-green-and-blue-hydrogen-markets/ |archive-date=22 March 2025}}</ref> Naka taun 2024 bedau terang kemaya hidrogen ti chukup kurang karbon ulih diasilka dikena ngemunaska semua hidrogen kelabu nya berenggat-renggat.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydrogen could be used for nearly everything. It probably shouldn't be. |url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/04/25/1091757/hydrogen-uses-ranked/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=MIT Technology Review |language=en}}</ref>
Dalam taun 2002, nyau deka semua ari 100 juta tan hidrogen ti diasilka ninting taun<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydrogen |url=https://www.iea.org/energy-system/low-emission-fuels/hydrogen |access-date=2024-03-24 |website=IEA |language=en-GB}}</ref> dikena dalam pengawa napis minyak (43% dalam taun 2021) enggau industri (57%), kelebih agi dalam pengawa ngaga ammonia ungkup baja, enggau metanol.<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last=IEA |url=https://www.iea.org/reports/global-hydrogen-review-2022 |title=Global Hydrogen Review 2022 |publisher=International Energy Agency |year=2022 |page= |language=en-GB |access-date=2023-08-25}}</ref>{{Rp|pages=18, 22, 29}} Guna hidrogen ke tau nyadi nyangka dalam industri berat (proses pengangat tinggi begulai enggau elektrik, bahan mentah dikena ngasilka ammonia gadung enggau kimia organik, nyadi alternatif ngagai kok ke datai ari arang batu dikena ngaga besi), pengangkut jauh (nganjung barang, enggau ngagai enggau tikas ti mit agi bilun ti ngena kuasa hidrogen enggau perengka pengangkut barang berat), enggau nyimpan tenaga timpuh panjai.<ref name=":12">{{Cite book |author=IPCC |author-link=IPCC |url=https://ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_FullReport.pdf |title=Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change |publisher=Cambridge University Press (In Press) |year=2022 |isbn=9781009157926 |editor1-last=Shukla |editor1-first=P.R. |series=Contribution of Working Group III to the [[IPCC Sixth Assessment Report|Sixth Assessment Report]] of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |place=Cambridge, UK and New York, NY, US |pages=91–92 |doi=10.1017/9781009157926 |ref={{harvid|IPCC AR6 WG3|2022}} |editor2-last=Skea |editor2-first=J. |editor3-last=Slade |editor3-first=R. |editor4-last=Al Khourdajie |editor4-first=A. |editor5-last=van Diemen |editor5-first=R. |editor6-last=McCollum |editor6-first=D. |editor7-last=Pathak |editor7-first=M. |editor8-last=Some |editor8-first=S. |editor9-last=Vyas |editor9-first=P. |display-editors=4 |editor10-first=R. |editor10-last=Fradera |editor11-first=M. |editor11-last=Belkacemi |editor12-first=A. |editor12-last=Hasija |editor13-first=G. |editor13-last=Lisboa |editor14-first=S. |editor14-last=Luz |editor15-first=J. |editor15-last=Malley}}</ref><ref name="IRENA 2021 95">{{Cite web |last=IRENA |date=2021 |title=World Energy Transitions Outlook: 1.5 °C Pathway |url=https://www.irena.org/publications/2021/Jun/World-Energy-Transitions-Outlook |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=International Renewable Energy Agency |pages=95 |language=en |publication-place=Abu Dhabi}}</ref>
Hidrogen mar disimpan, diangkut dalam paip, sereta dikena. Iya mantaika pengirau pengelikun laban iya balat meletup, lalu iya enda efisyen enti dibanding enggau ngena kuasa karan terus.<ref name=":62">{{Cite journal |last=Rosenow |first=Jan |date=September 2022 |title=Is heating homes with hydrogen all but a pipe dream? An evidence review |journal=Joule |language=en |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=2225–2228 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.08.015|s2cid=252584593 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Joule...6.2225R }}</ref>
==Sejarah==
J. B. S. Haldane keterubah iya ngaga konsep mensia mayuh ti nyimpan tenaga dalam tukuh hidrogen dalam taun 1923 di Britian. Iya berunding deka ngena turbin angin dikena ngasilka kuasa karan ke elektrolisis ti ngubah ai nyadi hidrogen enggau oksigen, lebuh rizab arang batu Britain benung suntuk.<ref>{{Cite web |title=''Daedalus or Science and the Future'', A paper read to the Heretics, Cambridge, on February 4th, 1923 – Transcript 1993 |url=http://bactra.org/Daedalus.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115013540/http://bactra.org/Daedalus.html |archive-date=2017-11-15 |access-date=2016-01-16}}</ref> Dalam taun 1970, profesor John Bockris lebuh iya meri jaku ba Palan Teknikal General Motors, nengkebang leka jaku “ekonomi hidrogen”. Iya ngajar ekonomi deka nguna gempung nuklear enggau kuasa solar ti deka mutarka pengurang minyak fosil, pengamah rampa menua enggau dalam aplikasyen ke alai pengawa ngaga elektrik enda ulih.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Yap |first1=Jiazhen |last2=McLellan |first2=Benjamin |date=6 January 2023 |title=A Historical Analysis of Hydrogen Economy Research, Development, and Expectations, 1972 to 2020 |journal=Environments |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=11 |doi=10.3390/environments10010011 |issn=2076-3298 |doi-access=free |hdl=2433/284015 |hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bockris |first=J. O'M. |date=1972-06-23 |title=A Hydrogen Economy |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.176.4041.1323 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=176 |issue=4041 |pages=1323 |doi=10.1126/science.176.4041.1323 |pmid=17820918 |bibcode=1972Sci...176.1323O |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> Dalam taun 1970, Lawerence W Jones ari Universiti Michigan mansutka ripot teknikal ti ngelakuka kuasa nuklear dikena meri kuasa ngagai elektrolisis dikena ngasilka gis hidrogen. Iya mega merambu ngena hidrogen dalam pengawa penerebai bilun enggau pengangkut barang berat.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Jones |first=Lawrence W. |url=https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/5800/bac5758.0001.001.pdf |title=Toward a Liquid Hydrogen Fuel Economy |date=March 13, 1970 |pages=2–3}}</ref>
Dalam taun 1974, Jepun meri kelala "projek Sunshine" dikena ngiga alternatif pun penatai kuasa ti gadung, ti ulih dikena baru kelimpah ari minyak fosil. Kebuah pia laban peminta tenaga Jepun balat bepanggai ba import minyak ari Timur Tengah. Penatai kuasa alternatif baka teknologi geotermal, fotovoltaik, enggau hidrogen dipansik.<ref name="Khan 2022">{{Cite journal |last=Khan |first=Urwah |last2=Yamamoto |first2=Toshiyuki |last3=Sato |first3=Hitomi |date=September 2022 |title=Understanding the discontinuance trend of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in Japan |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0360319922031925 |journal=International Journal of Hydrogen Energy |language=en |volume=47 |issue=75 |pages=31949–31963 |doi=10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.141}}</ref> Dalam taun 1993, projek Sunshine diganti enggau "Projek Sunshine Baru". Projek tu disukung kompeni pengaga entukar, korporat pekara wang enggau kompeni minyak enggau gis . Dalam taun 1996, Toyota Motor Corporation madahka pengawa ngasilka perengka pengangkut sel minyak hidrogen (HFCV) keterubah di menua tu pengudah 20 taun mansik enggau ngaga pemansang. Dalam taun 2014, Toyota madahka pengawa ngasilka HFCV komersial keterubah di dunya ti diberi nama "Mirai". Toyota Mirai rebak keterubah ngembuan penyauh deriba 270 batu enti dibanding enggau kerita tradisional ti belajai 300 batu. Toyota Mirai rebak kedua ti dilanchar dalam bulan Disember 2020, ngembuan penyauh deriba 405 batu. Dalam taun 2017, Jepun nyadi menua keterubah di dunya ti adpot “Strategi Asas Hidrogen” ti merambu deka nambahka pengawa komersialisasyen hidrogen dalam mayuh macham sektor. Ba taun 2018, aum Menteri Tenaga Hidrogen udah diatur Jepun enggau menua bukai dikena ngangkatka kerejasama nambahka guna hidrogen ba renggat global. Naka taun 2020, Jepun bejalaika rangkaian stesyen ngisi minyak hidrogen pemadu besai di dunya, ditangkan Jerman, China, California, Korea Selatan, enggau Perancis.<ref name="Khan 2022"/>
Dalam taun 2002, Opis Tenaga Amerika Syarikat (DOE) ngasilka dokumen ti dikumbai "Wawasan Nasional Peralihan Amerika ngagai Ekonomi Hidrogen", taja pia, nadai meri penerang silik pasal chara ngasilka hidrogen enggau ngena teknologi hidrogen. Dalam taun 2003, Eropah mantaika pelin sistem ngasilka enggau pengangkut hidrogen ti begempung. Taja pia, naka taun 2024, nadai siti pan tagit ke dirintai dalam pelin tu udah dijapai.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Ajanovic |first=Amela |last2=Sayer |first2=Marlene |last3=Haas |first3=Reinhard |date=March 2024 |title=On the future relevance of green hydrogen in Europe |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0306261923019505 |journal=Applied Energy |language=en |volume=358 |page=122586 |doi=10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.122586}}</ref>
Hidrogen tebal agi dikena nyadi bahan mentah industri dalam industri kimia China, kelebih agi dalam pengawa ngasilka ammonia enggau metanol, pengawa ngaluska minyak, enggau ngaga kimia. Dalam taun 2006, stesyen ngisi minyak hidrogen keterubah ditumbuhka di China. Tu ditangkan enggau dron keterubah ngena kuasa hidrogen ba taun 2016 enggau kerita HFCV keterubah ba taun 2017. Ari sukut perengka pengangkut, China fokus ngagai pemansang kuasa hidrogen ungkup lori berat, kompeni penerebai bilun enggau kapal kargo. Kenyau ari taun 2020, perintah China udah ngelakuka kuasa tau dikena baru enggau pemansang kuasa hidrogen dikena nyapai pemansut karbon pemadu tinggi manggai ba taun 2030 enggau neutraliti karbon manggai ba taun 2060.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hui |first=Yunze |last2=Wang |first2=Mengting |last3=Guo |first3=Shirong |last4=Akhtar |first4=Salman |last5=Bhattacharya |first5=Sankar |last6=Dai |first6=Baiqian |last7=Yu |first7=Jianglong |date=September 2024 |title=Comprehensive review of development and applications of hydrogen energy technologies in China for carbon neutrality: Technology advances and challenges |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0196890424007179 |journal=Energy Conversion and Management |language=en |volume=315 |page=118776 |doi=10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118776}}</ref>
Perintah Korea Selatan mansutka “Pelin Jalai Ekonomi Hidrogen” dalam taun 2019, ti nagit 6.2 juta perengka HFCV enggau 1,200 stesyen ngisi minyak hidrogen manggai ba taun 2040.<ref name="Khan 2022"/><ref>[https://www.iea.org/policies/6566-korea-hydrogen-economy-roadmap-2040 Korea Hydrogen Economy Roadmap 2040] Dikeluarka International Energy Agency (IEA). Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20210227145036/https://www.iea.org/policies/6566-korea-hydrogen-economy-roadmap-2040 27 Febuari 2021]</ref>
==Pengawa ngasilka==
Hidrogen gis diasilka ngena beberapa chara industri.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fan |first1=Lixin |last2=Tu |first2=Zhengkai |last3=Chan |first3=Siew Hwa |title=Recent development of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies: A review |journal=[[Energy Reports]] |date=2021 |volume=7 |pages=8421–8446 |doi=10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.003 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2021EnRep...7.8421F }}</ref> Nyau deka semua bekal hidrogen ke bisi ba dunya diatu ditempa ari minyak fosil.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Reed |first1=Stanley |last2=Ewing |first2=Jack |title=Hydrogen Is One Answer to Climate Change. Getting It Is the Hard Part |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/07/13/business/hydrogen-climate-change.html |work=The New York Times |date=13 July 2021 }}</ref><ref name="rosenow-2022">{{cite journal |last1=Rosenow |first1=Jan |date=27 September 2022 |title=Is heating homes with hydrogen all but a pipe dream? An evidence review |journal=Joule |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=2225–2228 |doi=10.1016/j.joule.2022.08.015 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2022Joule...6.2225R }}</ref> Tebal agi hidrogen nya hidrogen kelabu ti digaga nengah [[reformasyen metana wap]] (''steam methane reforming'', SMR). Dalam proses tu, hidrogen diasilka ari reaksyen kimia entara wap enggau [[metana]], komponen utama gis asli. Ngasilka satu tan hidrogen nengah proses tu ngeluarka 6.6–9.3 tan karbon dioksida.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last1=Bonheure |first1=Mike |last2=Vandewalle |first2=Laurien A. |last3=Marin |first3=Guy B. |last4=Van Geem |first4=Kevin M. |date=March 2021 |title=Dream or Reality? Electrification of the Chemical Process Industries |url=https://www.aiche-cep.com/cepmagazine/march_2021/MobilePagedArticle.action?articleId=1663852 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717132733/https://www.aiche-cep.com/cepmagazine/march_2021/MobilePagedArticle.action?articleId=1663852 |archive-date=17 July 2021 |access-date=6 July 2021 |website=CEP Magazine |publisher=[[American Institute of Chemical Engineers]]}}</ref> Lebuh pengawa nangkap sereta nyimpan karbon dikena muai sebagi besai ari pemansut tu, produk nya dikelala enggau nama hidrogen biru.<ref name=":25">{{cite journal |last1=Griffiths |first1=Steve |last2=Sovacool |first2=Benjamin K. |last3=Kim |first3=Jinsoo |last4=Bazilian |first4=Morgan |last5=Uratani |first5=Joao M. |title=Industrial decarbonization via hydrogen: A critical and systematic review of developments, socio-technical systems and policy options |journal=Energy Research & Social Science |date=October 2021 |volume=80 |article-number=102208 |doi=10.1016/j.erss.2021.102208 |bibcode=2021ERSS...8002208G |url=https://pure.au.dk/portal/da/publications/industrial-decarbonization-via-hydrogen(a0793820-c310-4750-8ee6-138e11a277fe).html }}</ref>
Hidrogen gadung diasilka ari kuasa karan ti ulih dikena baru nengah elektrolisis ai.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1=Squadrito |first1=Gaetano |last2=Maggio |first2=Gaetano |last3=Nicita |first3=Agatino |title=The green hydrogen revolution |journal=Renewable Energy |date=November 2023 |volume=216 |article-number=119041 |doi=10.1016/j.renene.2023.119041 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023REne..21619041S }}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Deign |first=Jason |date=2020-06-29 |title=So, What Exactly Is Green Hydrogen? |url=https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/green-hydrogen-explained |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323195427/https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/green-hydrogen-explained |archive-date=2022-03-23 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=Greentechmedia}}</ref> Jarang agi, leka jaku ''hidrogen gadung'' tau nyengkaum hidrogen ti diasilka ari pun penatai pemansut ti baruh bukai baka biomass.<ref name=":32">{{cite journal |last1=Squadrito |first1=Gaetano |last2=Maggio |first2=Gaetano |last3=Nicita |first3=Agatino |title=The green hydrogen revolution |journal=Renewable Energy |date=November 2023 |volume=216 |article-number=119041 |doi=10.1016/j.renene.2023.119041 |doi-access=free|bibcode=2023REne..21619041S }}</ref> Pengawa ngasilka hidrogen gadung diatu mar agi ari ngasilka hidrogen kelabu, lalu efisyen nukar kuasa endang bisi baruh.<ref name=":18">{{Cite web |last1=Evans |first1=Simon |last2=Gabbatiss |first2=Josh |date=30 November 2020 |title=In-depth Q&A: Does the world need hydrogen to solve climate change? |url=https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-does-the-world-need-hydrogen-to-solve-climate-change |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201155033/https://www.carbonbrief.org/in-depth-qa-does-the-world-need-hydrogen-to-solve-climate-change |archive-date=1 December 2020 |access-date=1 December 2020 |website=[[Carbon Brief]]}}</ref>
Elektroliser membran betukar proton (PEM) ngena tumpuk elektroliser ti digaga ari titanium sinter ti disalut platinum enggau elektrik dikena ngasilka gis hidrogen ari ai. Naka taun 2023, ungkus iya urung US$5–US$6 ungkup 1kg hidrogen ti diasilka. Berebak enggau nya, ungkus ngasilka hidrogen ari pengawa ngaga reformasyen metana wap kira-kira US$2 sa kg. Purata ungkus hidrogen ti diasilka mar agi ari pengawa ngasilka bepelasarka fosil ketegal ungkus perengka modal enggau karan ti tinggi.<ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/2311140/ |title=Updated Manufactured Cost Analysis for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers |last=Badgett |first=Alex |last2=Brauch |first2=Joe |last3=Thatte |first3=Amogh |last4=Rubin |first4=Rachel |last5=Skangos |first5=Christopher |last6=Wang |first6=Xiaohua |last7=Ahluwalia |first7=Rajesh |last8=Pivovar |first8=Bryan |last9=Ruth |first9=Mark |date=February 16, 2024 |issue=NREL/TP--6A20-87625, 2311140, MainId:88400 |doi=10.2172/2311140}}</ref>
Chara bukai dikena ngasilka hidrogen nyengkaum gasifikasyen biomass, pirolisis metana, ngulihka hidrogen asal baruh tanah<ref name="natural-hydrogen1">{{cite web |title=Natural Hydrogen: A Potential Clean Energy Source Beneath Our Feet |url=https://e360.yale.edu/features/natural-geologic-hydrogen-climate-change |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=Yale E360 |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Hassanpouryouzband foraging or farming">{{cite journal |last1=Hassanpouryouzband |first1=Aliakbar |last2=Wilkinson |first2=Mark |last3=Haszeldine |first3=R. Stuart |title=Hydrogen energy futures – foraging or farming? |journal=Chemical Society Reviews |date=2024 |volume=53 |issue=5 |pages=2258–2263 |doi=10.1039/D3CS00723E |doi-access=free |pmid=38323342 |bibcode=2024CSRev..53.2258H |hdl=20.500.11820/b23e204c-744e-44f6-8cf5-b6761775260d |hdl-access=free}}</ref> enggau sintesis hidrogen in situ.<ref name="insitu1">{{cite journal |last1=Hanfi |first1=Mohamed Abdalsalam |last2=Alade |first2=Olalekan Saheed |last3=Tanimu |first3=Abdulkadir |last4=Mahmoud |first4=Mohamed |last5=Alarifi |first5=Sulaiman A. |title=Catalytic and Noncatalytic in Situ Hydrogen Production from Heavy Oil: A Review of Experimental Studies |journal=ACS Omega |year=2024 |volume=9 |issue=51 |pages=50118–50133 |doi=10.1021/acsomega.4c07383 |doi-access=free|pmid=39741833 |pmc=11683620 }}</ref><ref name="insitu2">{{cite web |title=In-Situ Hydrogen Production Process (Press release) |website=The Journal of Petroleum Technology |date=July 22, 2024 |url=https://jpt.spe.org/skoltech-pioneers-in-situ-hydrogen-production-process|access-date=2025-09-19}}</ref>
==Setor==
Hidrogen ngembuan titik didih ti baruh bendar. Iya mendidih urung 20.268 K (−252.882 °C tauka −423.188 °F). Dikena ngasuh hidrogen nyadi cecair, begunaka tenaga ti signifikan dikena ngasuh hidrogen nyadi sejuk baruh ari titik didih iya.
Taja pan hidrogen ngembuan nisbah pemayuh tenaga ngagai jisim ti tinggi ketegal saiz molekul iya ti mit, tang iya ngembuan nisbah tenaga ngagai volume ti baruh ketegal iya bisi dalam tukuh gas. Kelimpah ari nya, ketegal tukuh molekul iya ke mit, iya ulih ngelepaska diri enggau mudah ari sebarang kontena ke megai iya.
Beberapa chara bisi dikena nyimpan hidrogen.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Satyapal |first=Sunita, John Petrovic and George Thomas |date=2007-04-01 |title=Gassing Up with Hydrogen |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gassing-up-with-hydrogen/ |access-date=2025-08-09 |journal=Scientific American |volume=296 |issue=4 |pages=80–87 |doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0407-80 |doi-broken-date=3 October 2025 |pmid=17479634 |bibcode=2007SciAm.296d..80S |language=en|url-access=subscription }}</ref> Tu nyengkaum chara mekanikal baka ngena tekanan tinggi enggau pengangat ti baruh, tauka ngena sebatian kimia ti ngelepaska H2 nitihka peminta. Seraya hidrogen ti mayuh diasilka mayuh macham industri, iya tebal agi dikena ba palan endur ngasilka, kelebih agi ungkup sintesis ammonia. Betaun-taun hidrogen udah disimpan nyadi gis ti dikompresi tauka cecair kriogenik, lalu diangkut baka nya dalam silinder, tiub, enggau tangki kriogenik<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4737797 |title=Investigation of Wall Thickness Design Method of Anti-Buckling Liner of Type IV Hydrogen Storage Tanks |website=papers.ssrn.com |date=2024-02-24 |access-date=2026-04-12 |doi=10.2139/ssrn.4737797 }}</ref> ngambika dikena dalam industri tauka nyadi propelan dalam program luar angkasa.
Metanol gadung nya minyak cecair ti diasilka ari begulaika karbon dioksida enggau hidrogen (CO2 + 3 H2 → CH3OH + H2O) ba baruh tekanan enggau pengangat enggau pemangkin. Iya nya chara dikena ngena baru pengawa nangkap karbon ungkup pengawa nguna baru. Metanol ulih nyimpan hidrogen enggau ekonomi ba tikas pengangat enggau tekanan luar standard, enti dibandingka enggau hidrogen cecair enggau ammonia ti begunaka mayuh tenaga ngambika meruan sejuk dalam gaya cecair sida.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Song |first1=Qianqian |last2=Tinoco |first2=Rodrigo Rivera |last3=Yang |first3=Haiping |last4=Yang |first4=Qing |last5=Jiang |first5=Hao |last6=Chen |first6=Yingquan |last7=Chen |first7=Hanping |date=2022-09-01 |title=A comparative study on energy efficiency of the maritime supply chains for liquefied hydrogen, ammonia, methanol and natural gas |journal=Carbon Capture Science & Technology |volume=4 |article-number=100056 |doi=10.1016/j.ccst.2022.100056 |issn=2772-6568|doi-access=free |bibcode=2022CCST....400056S }}</ref>
==Sarawak==
Dalam taun 2017, perintah nengeri meri kuasa ngagai Sarawak Energy bejalaika pansik bekaul enggau aplikasyen komersial teknologi hidrogen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Progressing Towards a Green Hydrogen Economy: Sharing Sarawak Energy's Hydrogen Development at IGEM 2020 |url=https://www.sarawakenergy.com/media-info/media-releases/2020/progressing-towards-a-green-hydrogen-economy-sharing-sarawak-energys-hydrogen-development-at-igem-2020 |access-date=24 November 2021 |publisher=Sarawak Energy |date=27 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103062929/https://www.sarawakenergy.com/media-info/media-releases/2020/progressing-towards-a-green-hydrogen-economy-sharing-sarawak-energys-hydrogen-development-at-igem-2020 |archive-date=3 November 2021}}</ref> Dalam taun 2019, loji ngasilka enggau ngisi minyak hidrogen bersepadu keterubah di Asia Tenggara dilanchar di Kuching enggau kerejasama [[Linde plc]]. Kelimpah ari nya, sekeda bas hidrogen mega bisi dilanchar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tawie |first1=Sulok |title=Sarawak CM launches South-east Asia's first integrated hydrogen production plant |url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/05/27/sarawak-cm-launches-south-east-asias-first-integrated-hydrogen-production-p/1756728 |access-date=24 November 2021 |publisher=The Malay Mail |date=27 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101043700/https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/05/27/sarawak-cm-launches-south-east-asias-first-integrated-hydrogen-production-p/1756728 |archive-date=1 November 2020}}</ref>
Ba taun 2020, Petronas udah ngaga elektroliser membran penukar proton (PEM) dikena ngasilka hidrogen karbon baruh nengah kerejasama enggau Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Colin Patrick, seiku injinir ari Sarawak nyadi ketuai besai projek. Elektroliser tu ngembuan 20% penambah ba pengeransing enti dibanding enggau elektroliser tradisional. Iya mega nyadi elektroliser keterubah diasilka ari Asia Tenggara.<ref>[https://theedgemalaysia.com/content/advertise/catalysing-malaysias-green-hydrogen-regional-hub-aspirations Catalysing Malaysia’s green hydrogen regional hub aspirations] Dikeluarka ari The Edge Malaysia. Diarkib maya ba [https://archive.is/RPBz3 10 Februari 2025]</ref><ref name="Ignatius 2022">{{cite news |last1=Ignatius |first1=Cynthia |title=PETRONAS And SEDC Energy Partner To Increase Hydrogen And Renewable Oil Adoption In Sarawak |url=https://www.businesstoday.com.my/2022/07/21/petronas-and-sedc-energy-partner-to-increase-hydrogen-and-renewable-oil-adoption-in-sarawak/ |access-date=12 August 2022 |publisher=Business Today |date=21 July 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220721045922/https://www.businesstoday.com.my/2022/07/21/petronas-and-sedc-energy-partner-to-increase-hydrogen-and-renewable-oil-adoption-in-sarawak/ |archive-date=21 July 2022}}</ref> Naka taun 2022, Perbadanan Pembangunan Ekonomi Sarawak (SEDC), sebuah badan berkanun perintah Sarawak, udah bekerejasama enggau mayuh bengkah kompeni ba pemansang teknologi hidrogen, nyengkaum Petronas.<ref name="Ignatius 2022"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Siew Yean |first1=Tham |title=Sarawak's Hydrogen Ambitions Constrained by Global Demand |url=https://fulcrum.sg/sarawaks-hydrogen-ambitions-constrained-by-global-demand/ |access-date=7 March 2023 |agency=Yusof Ishak Institute |publisher=FULCRUM Singapore |date=6 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307102716/https://fulcrum.sg/sarawaks-hydrogen-ambitions-constrained-by-global-demand/ |archive-date=7 March 2023}}</ref>
Transit Aliran Automasi (ART) hidogen keterubah Sarawak udah datai ba Penyangkai Kapal Senari ditu ba taun Ogos 2023.<ref>[https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2023/08/05/art-hidrogen-keterubah-sarawak-udah-datai-ku-abang-johari ART hidrogen keterubah Sarawak udah datai, ku Abang Johari] Dikeluarka Utusan Borneo. Diarkib maya [https://archive.is/7VXUj 23 November 2024]</ref> Perintah Sarawak enggau kerejasama ENEOS Corporation ari Jepun dalam taun Disember 2024 deka nyadi pemansut hidrogen beresi ‘methylcyclohexane’ (MCH) jemah ila.<ref>[https://suarasarawak.my/sarawak-deka-nyadi-pemansut-hidrogen-mch/ Sarawak deka nyadi pemansut hidrogen MCH] Dikeluarka ari Suara Sarawak. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20250104012255/https://suarasarawak.my/sarawak-deka-nyadi-pemansut-hidrogen-mch/ 4 Januari 2025].</ref>
Sarawak udah ngemunka enggau rasmi Pelin Tunga Kuing Ekonomi Hidrogen Sarawak ba taun 2025.<ref>[https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2025/05/13/sarawak-udah-ngemunka-enggau-rasmi-pelin-tunga-kuing-ekonomi-hidrogen-sarawak Sarawak udah ngemunka enggau rasmi Pelin Tunga Kuing Ekonomi Hidrogen Sarawak] Dikelurka Utusan Borneo ba 13 Mei 2025. Diarkib maya [https://web.archive.org/web/20250514002743/https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2025/05/13/sarawak-udah-ngemunka-enggau-rasmi-pelin-tunga-kuing-ekonomi-hidrogen-sarawak 14 Mei 2025]</ref>
==Kereban sanding==
{{reflist}}
[[Kategori:Teknologi ti baru nyadi]]
[[Kategori:Penggerak ganti]]
opg61sfxohd933f44vsy4h96oqquosh
Augustine ari Hippo
0
2706
19189
10137
2026-05-27T04:54:41Z
Song GK
9
/* Malin */
19189
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Infobox saint
| honorific_prefix= Sante
| name= Augustine ari Hippo
| titles= Bishop Hippo Regius<br /> Lutur Gerija
| birth_name = Aurelius Augustinus
| birth_date= 13 November 354
| birth_place= [[Thagaste]], [[Numidia Cirtensis]], [[Empayar Rome]]
| death_date= 28 Ogos 430 (aged 75)
| death_place= [[Hippo Regius]], Numidia Cirtensis, [[Empayar Rome Barat]]
| resting_place= [[Pavia]], [[Italo]]
| feast_day= {{plainlist|
* 28 August ([[Gerija Latin]], [[Kristian Barat]])
* 15 June ([[Kristian Timur]])
* 4 November ([[Gerija Asiria Timur|Asiria]])}}
| image= Saint Augustine by Philippe de Champaigne.jpg
| caption= ''Saint Augustin'' by [[Philippe de Champaigne]], {{c.|1645|lk=no}}
| imagesize = 230
| venerated_in= Semua denominasyen Kristian ke bebasaka sante
| beatified_date =
| beatified_place =
| beatified_by =
| canonized_date = Sebedau eklesia
| canonized_place =
| canonized_by =
| major_shrine =[[San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro]], [[Pavia]], [[Itali]]
| attributes = [[Crozier]], [[mitre]], nembiak mit, bup, gerija mit, ati berapi tauka ditebuk<ref>{{Cite book| last = Hall| first = James| title = Hall's Dictionary of Subjects and Symbols in Art| page = 35| year = 1996| edition = 2nd| publisher = John Murray | isbn = 0-7195-4147-6}}; {{Cite book| last = Daniel| first = Howard | title = Encyclopedia of Themes and Subjects in Painting| page = 35| year = 1971| publisher = Thames and Hudson | isbn = 0-500-18114-4}}</ref>
| patronage = {{hlist|Tukang ngaga bir|Penyelak|Raban teologi|Raban Filosofi|Sakit mata|[[Bridgeport, Connecticut]]|[[Cagayan de Oro]]|[[San Agustin, Isabela]]|[[Mendez, Cavite]]|[[Tanza|Tanza, Cavite]]|[[Baliwag|Baliwag, Bulacan]]|[[Iba, Zambales]]}}
| module =
{{Infobox philosopher
| embed = yes
| region = Filosofi Barat
| era = {{plainlist|
* Filosofi keloa
* Filosofi Jeman Tengah}}
| school_tradition =
{{flatlist|
* [[Augustinianisme]]
}}
| notable_students = [[Orosius|Paul Orosius]]{{sfn|Nguyen|Prior|2014|p=66}}<br/>[[Prosper of Aquitaine]]
| main_interests =
{{plainlist|
* [[Christian anthropology]]
* [[Biblical criticism]]
* [[Epistemology]]
* [[Ethics]]
* [[Metaphysics]]
* [[Pedagogy]]
* [[Philosophy of religion]]
* [[Theodicy]]
* [[Theology]]
}}
| notable_works ={{plainlist|
* ''[[Confessions (Augustine)|Confessions]]''
* ''[[On Christian Doctrine]]''
* ''[[On the Trinity]]''
* ''[[City of God (book)|The City of God]]''}}
| notable_ideas = {{collapsible list|title={{nbsp}}
|''[[Filioque]]''{{sfn|Siecienski|2010}}
|[[Original sin]]<ref>Bonaiuti, Ernesto, and Giorgio La Piana. “The Genesis of St. Augustine's Idea of Original Sin.” ''The Harvard Theological Review'', vol. 10, no. 2, 1917, pp. 159–75. ''JSTOR'', http://www.jstor.org/stable/1507550. Accessed 20 June 2022.</ref>
|[[Free will in theology#Roman Catholic|Free will]]
|[[Augustinian soteriology]]
|[[Just war theory]]
|[[Absence of good]]<ref>{{Cite book|last=Augustine|title=Enchridion|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf103.iv.ii.xiii.html|chapter=What Is Called Evil in the Universe Is But the Absence of Good|access-date=17 November 2012}}</ref>
|[[Concupiscence]]{{sfn|Greenblatt|2017}}
|[[Sacramental character]]{{sfn|Ryan|1908}}
|[[Augustinian hypothesis]]<ref>St. Augustine, ''The Harmony of the Gospels'', Book 1 chapter 2 paragraph 4. from [http://www.hypotyposeis.org/synoptic-problem/2004/10/external-evidence-augustine.html hypothesis.com]</ref>
|[[Augustinian theodicy]]
|[[Augustinian values]]{{sfn|Esmeralda|n.d.|p=}}|[[Divine command theory]]{{sfn|Austin|2006}}
|[[Amillennialism]]
|''[[You are Christ]]''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.catholic.org/prayers/prayer.php?s=5|title=Jesus Christ Prayers – Prayers|first=Catholic|last=Online|website=Catholic Online}}</ref>
|[[Deity]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=deity |title=Deity |work=Online Etymology Dictionary |access-date=6 June 2017}}</ref>
|''[[Solvitur ambulando]]''{{sfn|Huffington|2013}}|[[Heroic virtue]]{{sfn|Wilhelm|1910}}
|''[[Incurvatus in se]]''{{sfn|Jenson|2006}}
|[[Allegorical interpretations of Genesis|Genesis as an allegory]]<ref>''Literal Interpretation of Genesis'' 1:19–20, Chapt. 19</ref><ref>''The Literal Interpretation of Genesis'' 2:9</ref>
|[[Divine illumination]]
|[[Theocentricism]]{{sfn|Demacopoulos|Papanikolaou|2008|p=271}}
|[[Limbo of Infants|Limbo]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newadvent.org/fathers/15011.htm |title=CHURCH FATHERS: On Merit and the Forgiveness of Sins, and the Baptism of Infants, Book I (Augustine) |publisher=www.newadvent.org}}</ref>
}}}}}}
'''Augustine ari Hippo''' ({{langx|la|Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis}}; 13 November 354 – 28 Ogos 430),{{sfn|Wells| 2000|p=54}} mega dikelala enggau nama '''Sante Augustine''', nya siku raban teologi enggau filosofi ti datai ari bansa [[Berber]] sereta nyadi bishop [[Hippo Regius]] ba Numidia, Afrika Utara ke maya nya dipegai Empayar Rome. Tulis iya bangat merangsang filosofi Barat enggau [[Kristian Barat]], sereta iya dikumbai Apai Gerija Latin maya Jeman Patristik. Pengawa iya ti pemadu beguna iya nya ''[[The City of God]]'', ''[[De Doctrina Christiana|On Christian Doctrine]]'', enggau ''[[Confessions (Augustine)|Confessions]]''.
==Kereban sanding==
{{Reflist}}
bhrwqrqpmhfgnyudbpyzu1yfqdjk2ad
Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/27 Me
4
3617
19185
12463
2026-05-27T04:53:06Z
Song GK
9
19185
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''[[27 Me]]''': '''[[Hari Nembiak]]''' di Nigeria; '''[[Hari Indai]]''' di Bolivia
<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em">
[[Fail:Garibaldi.jpg|100x101px|Giuseppe Garibaldi]]
</div>
{{*mp}} [[1860]] – [[Penyerakup Itali]]: '''[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]''' ''(gambar)'' enggau voluntia [[baju mirah (Itali)|baju mirah]] nyerang [[Palermo]], indu nengeri [[Perintah Dua Sicily]].
{{*mp}} [[1923]] – [[Lumba entukar]] '''''[[24 Heures du Mans]]''''' keterubah diatur ba [[Le Mans]], [[Sarthe]], Peranchis.
{{*mp}} [[1937]] – '''[[Jematan Golden Gate]]''' ke nyambung [[San Francisco]] ngagai Kaunti Marin, California dibuka nyadi [[jematan gantung]] [[Rintai jematan gantung pemadu panjai|pemadu panjai]] di dunia
{{*mp}} [[1958]] – '''[[F-4 Phantom|F-4 Phantom II]]''', [[bilun perang|jet perang]] penguasa langit ungkup Soldadu Tasik enggau Langit A.S., ngepunka penerebai iya.
{{*mp}} [[2006]] – Tanah berenyang pengering 6.3 [[skala magnitud momen|M<sub>w</sub>]] '''[[tanah berenyang Yogyakarta Mei 2006|melanda]]''' [[Mengeri Yogyakarta]] di pulau [[Jawa]], Indonesia, ngujungka 5,700 iku orang bebadi nyawa.
</li>
Hari-hari sebedau: [[26 Me]] – [[25 Me]] – [[24 Me]]
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=Me}}
<noinclude>
</noinclude>
2qgw39lbr35o29barlx4a464w8eip8v
19186
19185
2026-05-27T04:53:21Z
Song GK
9
Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/27 Mei]] ke [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/27 Me]]: Sepil nitihka sepil Tun Jugah
19185
wikitext
text/x-wiki
'''[[27 Me]]''': '''[[Hari Nembiak]]''' di Nigeria; '''[[Hari Indai]]''' di Bolivia
<div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em">
[[Fail:Garibaldi.jpg|100x101px|Giuseppe Garibaldi]]
</div>
{{*mp}} [[1860]] – [[Penyerakup Itali]]: '''[[Giuseppe Garibaldi]]''' ''(gambar)'' enggau voluntia [[baju mirah (Itali)|baju mirah]] nyerang [[Palermo]], indu nengeri [[Perintah Dua Sicily]].
{{*mp}} [[1923]] – [[Lumba entukar]] '''''[[24 Heures du Mans]]''''' keterubah diatur ba [[Le Mans]], [[Sarthe]], Peranchis.
{{*mp}} [[1937]] – '''[[Jematan Golden Gate]]''' ke nyambung [[San Francisco]] ngagai Kaunti Marin, California dibuka nyadi [[jematan gantung]] [[Rintai jematan gantung pemadu panjai|pemadu panjai]] di dunia
{{*mp}} [[1958]] – '''[[F-4 Phantom|F-4 Phantom II]]''', [[bilun perang|jet perang]] penguasa langit ungkup Soldadu Tasik enggau Langit A.S., ngepunka penerebai iya.
{{*mp}} [[2006]] – Tanah berenyang pengering 6.3 [[skala magnitud momen|M<sub>w</sub>]] '''[[tanah berenyang Yogyakarta Mei 2006|melanda]]''' [[Mengeri Yogyakarta]] di pulau [[Jawa]], Indonesia, ngujungka 5,700 iku orang bebadi nyawa.
</li>
Hari-hari sebedau: [[26 Me]] – [[25 Me]] – [[24 Me]]
{{SelAnnivFooter|Month=Me}}
<noinclude>
</noinclude>
2qgw39lbr35o29barlx4a464w8eip8v
Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/27 Mei
4
6635
19187
2026-05-27T04:53:21Z
Song GK
9
Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/27 Mei]] ke [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/27 Me]]: Sepil nitihka sepil Tun Jugah
19187
wikitext
text/x-wiki
#LENCONG [[Wikipedia:Hari ulang taun dipilih/27 Me]]
644vmt3czk35wt7f0bfaakhmjuu5atr