Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.6 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 1552 19285 9023 2026-06-11T12:11:13Z Song GK 9 /* Malin */ 19285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Tausūg <br/> {{Small|Jaku Suluk}} | nativename = Bahasa Sūg<br>{{Script/Arabic|بَهَسَ سُوغْ}} | states = [[Philippines]]<br>[[Malaysia]]<br>[[Indonesia]] | region = — Spoken throughout the [[Sulu Archipelago]] (Basilan and Tawid-Tawid), southern Palawan,eastern [[Sabah]] and northern portion of [[North Kalimantan]] <br>— Also spoken in [[Zamboanga City]] and [[Zamboanga Peninsula]] | ethnicity = [[Tausūg people|Tausūg]] | speakers = {{Sigfig|11.2|2}} million | date = 2010 | ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/PHIILIPPINES_FINAL%20PDF.pdf |title=2010 Census of Population and Housing, Report No. 2A - Demographic and Housing Characteristics (Non-Sample Variables) |language=en |access-date=2022-05-02}}</ref>{{Update span|date=July 2023}} | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Malayo-Polynesian languages|Malayo-Polynesian]] | fam3 = [[Philippine languages|Philippine]] | fam4 = [[Greater Central Philippine languages|Greater Central Philippine]] | fam5 = [[Central Philippine languages|Central Philippine]] | fam6 = [[Bisayan languages|Bisayan]] | fam7 = Southern Bisayan | fam8 = [[Butuanon language|Butuan]]–Tausug | script = [[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Malay alphabet]])<br>[[Arabic script|Arabic]] ([[Jawi alphabet|Jawi]])<br>Luntarsug ([[Baybayin]]) | nation = [[Regional language]] in the [[Philippines]] | agency = [[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]] | iso3 = tsg | glotto = taus1251 | glottorefname = Tausug | map = Tausug language map.png | mapcaption = {{Legend|#c12939|Areas where Tausūg is the majority language}} | notice = IPA }} '''Jaku Tausūg''' ({{Lang|tsg|Bahasa Sūg}} {{Lang|tsg-Arab|بَهَسَ سُوغْ}};<ref name="Bangahan2015" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jannaral |first=Julmunir I. |date=2019-09-11 |title=English-Bahasa Sug Dictionary Launched Today |language=en |work=The Manila Times |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2019/09/11/news/regions/english-bahasa-sug-dictionary-launched-today/614153/ |access-date=2020-12-03}}</ref> {{Lang-ms|Bahasa Sūlūk, بهاس سولوق|lit=Jaku Suluk}}) iya nya [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|jaku Austronesia]] ti dikena bansa Tausūg ba provinsi Sulu di [[Filipina]] enggau ba kandang menua timur nengeri [[Sabah]], [[Malaysia]] sereta mega di Kabupaten Nunukan, provinsi [[Kalimantan Utara]], Indonesia. Jaku tu mayuh dikena ba Kepulauan Sulu (Sulu, Tawi-Tawi, enggau Basilan), Semenanjung Zamboanga (Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Sur, enggau Bandaraya Zamboanga), selatan Palawan, Malaysia (timur Sabah) enggau Indonesia ( Kabupaten Nunukan, Kalimantan Utara). == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} 4atlvqeqtjvrqxpljxdm4pf2cs1ty7b 0 1670 19284 14283 2026-06-11T12:08:49Z Song GK 9 19284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Kristian ba Malaysia | native_name = ([[Jaku Melayu|Jaku Melayu:]] Orang Kristian Malaysia) | image = St. Paul's Church Malacca 2012.JPG | image_caption = Gerija St. Paul [[Melaka]], [[Malaysia]] (udah ditahbis maya 1521) <br /> ''(Status: runtuh)'' | population = '''2,941,049 (2020 census)''' | regions = [[Sabah]]{{·}}[[Sarawak]]{{·}}[[Semenanjung Malaysia]] | langs = [[Jaku Melayu]]{{·}}[[Jaku Inggeris]]<br />[[Jaku-jaku ba Borneo]]{{·}}[[Jaku Cina]]{{·}}[[Jaku-jaku ba India]] | rels = [[Katolik]] (50%){{·}}[[Protestan]] (40%){{·}}[[Orthodoks Oriental]]{{·}}[[Orthodoks Timur]] | related-c = }} {{Christianity by country}} Pengarap [[Kristian]] nya pengarap minoriti di Malaysia. Dalam pengawa ngitung tubuh taun 2020, 9.1% ari penyampau tubuh peranak Malaysia madahka diri orang Kristian.<ref>[https://tableau.dosm.gov.my/t/mbls/views/1202/Msia2?%3Adisplay_count=n&%3Aembed=y&%3AisGuestRedirectFromVizportal=y&%3Aorigin=viz_share_link&%3AshowAppBanner=false&%3AshowVizHome=n Workbook: 1202] Tableau.dosm.gov.my. 4 April 2021. Diambi 15 Julai 2024.</ref> Urung dua pertiga ari rayat Malaysia ti bepengarap Kristian diau di [[Malaysia Timur]], ba negeri [[Sabah]] enggau [[Sarawak]]. Penitih pengarap Kristian ngarika majoriti (50.1%) ari penyampau tubuh peranak di Sarawak, iya nya negeri pemadu besai ba Malaysia nitihka pemesai tanah. Pengarap Kristian siti ari empat pengarap besai, nyengkaum [[Islam]], [[Hindu]], enggau [[Buddha]], ti ngembuan pengelepas ti dijaga undang-undang di Malaysia bepelasarka undang-undang penyelai kelebih agi di Malaysia Timur. Dalam taun 2020, setengah ari orang Kristian Malaysia nya [[Katolik]], 40% [[Protestan]] lalu 10% ari denominasyen bukai. Dalam taun 2008, denominasyen Kristian ke besai di menua tu nyengkaum [[Roman Katolik]], [[Anglikan]] (diarika Gerija Provinsi Asia Tenggara, ke mega mungkur Anglikan di Singapura enggau Brunei), Baptist, Brethren, gerija enda-denominasyen, gerija Karismatik bibas , Lutheran, Methodist, Presbyterian enggau [[Sidang Injil Borneo]]. ==Sejarah== Penatai orang Kristian keterubah ba Kepulauan Melayu ulih dipansik ari orang dagang Persia enggau Turki ti beasal ari Nestorian ari pun abad ke-7<ref name="Enc of Malaysia">{{Cite encyclopedia |author=Hermen Shastri |editor1=M. Kamal Hassan |editor2=Ghazali Bin Basri |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Malaysia |title=Christianity |url=http://www.encyclopedia.com.my/volume10/history.html |access-date=26 July 2008 |edition=1st |date=2005 |publisher=Editions Didier Millet |volume=10 |location=Kuala Lumpur |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090106055850/http://www.encyclopedia.com.my/volume10/history.html |archive-date=6 January 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> enggau ngagai orang dagang Kristian Arab, Persia enggau Nestorian ke dulu suba di Melaka sebedau Portugis datai dalam taun 1511.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=The Traders of the Pearl. The Mercantile and Missionary Activities of Persian and Armenian Christians in South East-Asia|journal=Abr-Nahrain|date=1969–1970|first=Colless|last=Brian E.|volume=IX|pages=102–121 }}</ref> British ngerampas Pulau Pinang dalam taun 1786, lalu dalam taun 1795 ngambi Melaka, ti udah dipegai Belanda dalam taun 1641. Paderi Katolik ari Thailand numbuhka Seminari Besai di [[Pulau Pinang]] dalam taun 1810. LMS bepalan di Melaka enggau Pulau Pinang ari taun 1815, tang mayuh Misi Protestan runtuh pengudah taun 1842 lebuh ulih tama ngagai menua China. Tuai Katolik agi mengkang, tang dibagi entara Portugis enggau Perancis. Pengawa nginjil Open Brethren berengkah ari taun 1860 lalu [[Methodist]] berengkah ari taun 1885. Pengarap Presbiterian ngerembai nengah gerija China di Johore enggau eklisia ekspatriat di Pulau Pinang, [[Ipoh]] enggau [[Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia|Kuala Lumpur]]. Misi ngagai orang asal [[Senoi]] berengkah dalam taun 1932. Pentakosta nyadi pengaruh ti besai agi nengah Gerakan Karismatik taun 1970-an, tang indu misi Pentakosta Amerika Utara enggau Ceylon (Gerija Pentakosta Malaysia) udah chakah ari taun 1935.<ref name="Christianity in Malaysia">{{Cite book| last = Hunt|first = Robert|author2 = Lee Kam Hing| author3 = Roxborogh, John|title = Christianity in Malaysia – A Denominational History|publisher = Pelanduk Publications|date = 1992|location = Kuala Lumpur|isbn = 978-967-978-407-7 }}</ref> [[Anglika]] enggau [[Roman Katolik]] datai ke Borneo Utara dalam taun 1882 sepengudah penumbuh Borneo Utara British,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rl8HavhsugsC&q=%22Anglicans+(and+Roman+Catholics)+came+to+North+Borneo+after+1882%22&pg=PA20|title=Food, Friends and Funerals: On Lived Religion|first=Elizabeth|last=Whinfrey-Koepping|date=30 September 2017|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=9783825811105|via=Google Books}}</ref> taja pan bisi pengawa nguji dulu agi baka misi Katolik ti betuaika siku pelaut Sepanyol ti nyadi paderi, [[Carlos Cuarteroni]] dalam taun 1857 di Labuan, enggau stesyen ti ditumbuhka di Brunei enggau Looc Porin (diatu [[Kota Kinabalu]]), taja pia enggau pemujur ti kurang agi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.millhillmissionaries.co.uk/about-us/our-history/part-6-the-borneo-mission/|title=Part 6: The Borneo Mission – Mill Hill Missionaries|website=www.millhillmissionaries.co.uk|language=en-GB|access-date=2018-06-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180610044947/http://www.millhillmissionaries.co.uk/about-us/our-history/part-6-the-borneo-mission/|archive-date=10 June 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref>Siti pengawa indu misi ti lebih luas, ambika chunto Misionari Roman Katolik Mill Hill berengkah dalam taun 1882, fokus kelebih agi ngagai komuniti China enggau bansa asal, baka bansa [[Kadazan-Dusun]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.millhillmissionaries.co.uk/part-6-borneo-mission |title=The Mill Hill Missionaries - St.Josephs Missionary Society |access-date=2016-07-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160711133212/http://www.millhillmissionaries.co.uk/part-6-borneo-mission |archive-date=11 July 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=82004|title=Assessment for Kadazans in Malaysia|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120622221248/http://www.cidcm.umd.edu/mar/assessment.asp?groupId=82004|archive-date=22 June 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Pengawa mindah kin kitu mega nyadika pekara ti beguna dalam pengawa ngerembaika pengarap Kristian. Misi Basel mega kala gawa di Sabah dalam taun 1882 ba raban bansa China Hakka ti mindah kin kitu, mayuh ari sida nya megai pengarap Kristian. Orang Tamil ke pindah ke Malaya nyengkaum orang ke megai denominasyen Katolik, Lutheran, Anglikan, enggau Methodist. Pemindah majak nambah pengudah Penyarut Boxer, kelebih agi ngagai Sitiawan enggau Sibu, ke agi tegap nyadi palan Methodist China. Gerija Mar Thoma enggau [[Gerija Ortodoks Siriak]] ditumbuhka dalam taun 1930-an berindik ari pemindah ari Pantai Kerala India. Di [[Sarawak]], perintah Rajah Brooke nyengkaum sukung ngagai sebengkah opis menteri Anglika ari taun 1847 lalu udah nya mega orang Katolik diterima.<ref>{{Cite book| last = Saunders|first = Graham|title = Bishops and Brookes: Anglican Mission and the Brooke Raj in Sarawak, 1848–1941|publisher = Oxford University Press|date = 1991|location = Melbourne, Victoria|isbn = 978-0-19-588566-8 }}</ref> Dalam taun 1928 Misi Injil Borneo Australia<ref>Lees, Shirley, 'Drunk before Dawn', OMF, {{ISBN|0-85363-128-X}}</ref> berengkah gawa ngena perengka guna ti mit ti taja pia ngujungka gerija orang asal ti pemadu besai di Malaysia kemaya hari tu, iya nya [[Sidang Injil Borneo]] (SIB). [[Fail:Lutheran zionchurch.jpg|left|thumb|250px|[[Evangelical Lutheran Zion Church, Kuala Lumpur|Evangelical Lutheran Zion Church]] in [[Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur|Brickfields]], [[Kuala Lumpur]], established in 1924.]] [[Perang Dunya Kedua]] ngujungka pengawa muai ketuai ekspatriat lalu jalai nuju gerija asal ditetapka enggau terang agi. Kaunsil Kristian Malaya (MCC) ti ditumbuhka dalam taun 1948, ngatur raban misi maya Penusah Ngenyit Malaya. Orang China ke dipindahka ngagai ‘Kampung Baru’ dilayan bala indu misi, kekadang ex-China, ke gawa begulai enggau orang Kristian setempat dalam pengawa rama enggau perubat. Taja pia, pengudah merdeka dalam taun 1957, mayuh gerija kelalu bepanggai ba orang ke datai ari menua bukai. Dalam taun 1970-an gerija ngaga struktur ti bebas ari Singapura sereta mega ari sukung ari menua tasik. Penumbuh gerija ke merdeka apin lama ke udah nya siti agi kelai pengingin deka numbuhka identiti Kristian Malaysia.<ref name="Christianity in Malaysia" /> Komitmen Kristian ngagai pelajar udah tegap nengah sekula Anglika, Katolik enggau Methodist, ke diatu nyadi sebagi ari sistem pelajar perintah. Pengirau rama dipadahka nengah pengawa berubat, enggau gerempung baka Malaysian CARE. [[The Salvation Army]] enggay [[YMCA]] mega ngaga pengawa pemeri ke bukai. Kenyau ari taun 1983 Fellowship Kristian Injil Nasional (NECF) udah nyendiaka fokus ngagai eklisia evangelikal enggau bebas. Persekutuan Kristian Malaysia ti ngempung Kaunsil Kristian Malaysia (sebedau tu MCC), Roman Katolik, enggau NECF ditumbuhka dalam taun 1986. Kaunsil Gerija Sabah enggau Gerempung Gereja Sarawak bejalaika pengawa ke sebaka di Malaysia Timur. Malaysia tu konteks mayuh pengarap ke alai pengirau ati teologi Barat enda seruran relevan. Ketuai awam udah mansang enggau tegap ba tebal agi gerija. Taja pan mayuh pemar nengah ubah gaya politik enggau ekonomi, baka Malaysia empu, gerija-gereja berengkah meda sida bisi pemeri ti patut diberi ba panggau ti besai agi.<ref>{{Cite book|first=Ho|last=Daniel|contribution=Malaysia|title=Church in Asia Today: Challenges and Opportunities|editor-first=Athyal|editor-last=Saphir P.|publisher=Asia Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization|pages=266–298|date=1996}}</ref> == Peda mega == * [[Pengarap ba Malaysia]] * [[Gerija Katolik ba Malaysia]] == Kereban sanding == <references /> [[Kategori:Kristian ba Malaysia| ]] [[Kategori:Pengarap ba Malaysia]] 726an0wywq715rl37rmw8hmn6rqkp3j 0 2039 19288 15667 2026-06-11T12:16:51Z Song GK 9 /* Penyanding */ 19288 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fail:SPM Mock Certificate (2021 version).png|thumb|Chunto Setipikit Pemutus SPM[[Fail:Photo_6269376140523193829_y.jpg|link=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fail:Photo_6269376140523193829_y.jpg|thumb|Chunto Slip Pemutus SPM sebedau taun 2021]][[Fail:Photo_6284812759791158921_y.jpg|link=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fail:Photo_6284812759791158921_y.jpg|alt=Slip Keputusan SPM bermula dari tahun 2021|thumb|Chunto Slip Pemutus SPM berengkah ari taun 2021]]]] '''Setipikit Pelajar Malaysia''' ([[Jaku Melayu]]: ''Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia'') tau suah dikumbai '''SPM''' iya nya sebansa peresa ti diatur [[Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia]]. Ke suah iya umur tarak ke ngambi SPM tu iya nya umur 17 taun, iya nya maya sida ba Pom 5. Nya peresa kepenudi ba pelajar sekondari atas. SPM nya syarat bala tarak ba [[Malaysia]] dikena nyambung pelajar ngagai renggat pra-universiti. Bala tarak bisi pilih sekalika deka ngambi [[STPM]], [[Matrikulasi]] tauka kursus paung universiti. Sida mega ulih ngambi kus di menua tasik baka [[A-level]]. Ungkup peresa SPM berengkah taun 2021, Opis Menteri Pelajar Malaysia udah berengkah ngena format baru KSSM dikena nyilih format KBSM lama. Kena keretas kereja jaku English, Opis Menteri Pelajar udah berengkah ngerintaika format peresa jaku English ngambika setipak enggau Rangka Rujukan Eropah Begulai (CEFR) ti dikena ba renggat entarabansa. == Ripih subjek == === Subjek paung === Subjek-subjek nya wajib diambi. Entara iya nya: {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |- !width="10%"|Kod Subjek !width="40%"|Nama Subjek !width="20%"|Jaku Dikena !width="30%"|Syarat Khas |- |valign="top" align="center"|1103 |valign="top"|[[Jaku Melayu]] |valign="top"|Jaku Melayu |valign="top"| |- |valign="top" align="center"|1119 |valign="top"|[[Jaku Inggeris]] |valign="top"|Jaku Inggeris |valign="top"| |- |valign="top" align="center"|1223 |valign="top"|[[Pengajian Islam|Pendidikan Islam]]* |valign="top"|Jaku Melayu |valign="top"|Mina diambi tarak bepengarap Islam |- |valign="top" align="center"|1225 |valign="top"|[[Pendidikan Moral]] |valign="top"|Jaku Melayu |valign="top"|Diambi tarak ke ukai bepengarap Islam |- |valign="top" align="center"|1249 |valign="top"|[[Sejarah]] |valign="top"|Jaku Melayu |valign="top"| |- |valign="top" align="center"|1449 |valign="top"|[[Matematik]] |valign="top"|Jaku Melayu dan Inggeris |valign="top"| |- |valign="top" align="center"|1511 |valign="top"|[[Sains]]** |valign="top"|Jaku Melayu dan Inggeris |valign="top"| |} <nowiki>*</nowiki>Subjek Pendidikan Islam enda wajib diambi tarak Aliran Sains Agama tauka Aliran Agama Tulen. Tarak dipinta ngambi peresa subjek elektif ungkup aliran sida. <nowiki>**</nowiki>Subejk Sains enda wajib diambi tarak Aliran Sains Tulen. Tarak dipinta ngambi peresa subjek elektif ungkup aliran sida. === Subjek elektif === Bala tarak ti deka ngambi peresa SPM tau milih ngambi subjek elektif baka di baruh tu. Taja pia, iya patut setipak enggau pengawa ti deka dikereja nuan pengudah nembuka pelajar sekondari.<ref> {{Cite web |url=http://pmr.penerangan.gov.my/index.php/pendidikan/6324-menghadkan-10-subjek-dalam-peperiksaan-sijil-pelajaran-malaysia-tahun-2010-impak-dan-pendapat-yang-berbeza-.html |title=Menghadkan 10 Subjek Dalam Peperiksaan Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia Tahun 2010 : Impak Dan Pendapat Yang Berbeza. |publisher=Portal 1Klik |accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref> Bisi mega sekeda mata pelajar ti enda ulih diambi ketegal timpuh peresa ti nyadi serentak baka mata pelajar dalam bidang sastera. Pengawa bejalaika Kurikulum Standard Sekula Sekondari (KSSM) ba taun 2020 udah ngasuh beberapa ubah nyadi ungkup subjek elektif <ref>https://www.moe.gov.my/pekeliling/3054-spi-bil-6-tahun-2019-pelaksanaan-kssm-menengah-atas-dan-pakej-mata-pelajaran-tahun-2020/file</ref>. ==== Elektif Jaku ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |- !width="10%"|Kod Subjek !width="40%"|Nama Subjek !width="20%"|Jaku Dikena |- | valign="top" align="center" |2361 | valign="top" |[[Jaku Arab]] (اللغة العربية) | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |6351 | valign="top" |[[Jaku China]]* (华文) | valign="top" |Jaku China |- | valign="top" align="center" |6354 | valign="top" |[[Jaku Tamil]] (தமிழ்மொழி) | valign="top" |Jaku Tamil |- | valign="top" align="center" |6356 | valign="top" |[[Jaku Iban]] | valign="top" |Jaku Iban |- | valign="top" align="center" |6357 | valign="top" |[[Jaku Kadazandusun]] (''Boros Momogun'') | valign="top" |Jaku Kadazandusun |- | valign="top" align="center" |6358 | valign="top" |[[Jaku Semai]] (''Engrok Semai'') | valign="top" |Jaku Semai |} <nowiki>*</nowiki>Jaku China tu subjek ti wajib dipelajar sereta diambi tiap iku nembiak Sekolah Menengah Jenis Kebangsaan (SMJK) ==== '''Elektif Pemensia enggau Sastera Ikhtisas''' ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |- !width="10%"|Kod Subjek !width="40%"|Nama Subjek !width="20%"|Jaku Dikena !Syarat Khas |- | valign="top" align="center" |2280 | valign="top" |Geografi | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |2611 | valign="top" |Pendidikan Seni Visual | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |2621 | valign="top" |Pendidikan Muzik | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- |valign="top" align="center"|3754 |valign="top"|Pengajian Keusahawanan |valign="top"|Jaku Melayu |Mina ulih diambi ba Sekolah Menengah Teknik |- | valign="top" align="center" |3756 | valign="top" |Prinsip Perakaunan | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |3766 | valign="top" |Perniagaan | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |3767 | valign="top" |Ekonomi | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |2216 |Kesusasteraan Melayu Komunikatif |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |2206 |Kesusasteraan Inggeris |Jaku Inggeris | |- | valign="top" align="center" |9216 |Kesusasteraan Cina (华文文学) |Jaku Cina | |- | valign="top" align="center" |9217 |Kesusasteraan Tamil (தமிழ் இலக்கியம்) |Jaku Tamil | |} ==== Elektif Pelajar Islam ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |- ! width="10%" |Kod Subjek ! width="40%" |Nama Subjek ! width="20%" |Jaku Perantaraan |- | valign="top" align="center" |5226 | valign="top" |Tasawwur Islam | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |5227 | valign="top" |Pendidikan Al-Quran dan Al-Sunnah | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |5228 | valign="top" |Pendidikan Syariah Islamiah | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |} Subjek elektif pengajian Islam mega dibagi ngagai subjek Kurikulum Bersepadu Dini (KBD) enggau Kurikulum Bersepadu Tahfiz (KBT). {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |+Subjek Kurikulum Bersepadu Dini (KBD) |- ! width="10%" |Kod Subjek ! width="40%" |Nama Subjek ! width="20%" |Jaku Perantaraan |- | valign="top" align="center" |5401 | valign="top" |Usul Al-Din | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5402 | valign="top" |Al-Syariah | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5403 | valign="top" |Al-Lughah Al-Arabiah Al-Mu'asirah | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5404 | valign="top" |Al-Manahij Al-Ulum Al-Islami | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5405 | valign="top" |Al-Adab wa Al-Balaghah | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |} {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |+Subjek Kurikulum Bersepadu Tahfiz (KBT) |- ! width="10%" |Kod Subjek ! width="40%" |Nama Subjek ! width="20%" |Jaku Perantaraan |- | valign="top" align="center" |5301 | valign="top" |Hifz Al-Quran | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5302 | valign="top" |Maharat Al-Quran | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5303 | valign="top" |Turath Al-Quran wa Al-Sunnah | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5304 | valign="top" |Turath Dirasat Al-Islamiah | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |- | valign="top" align="center" |5305 | valign="top" |Turath Jaku Arab | valign="top" |Jaku Arab |} ==== Elektif STEM (Sains Tulen dan Matematik Tambahan ==== Subjek-subjek dalam bidang ini termasuk dalam pembelajaran [[Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Bahasa Inggeris|Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains dan Matematik dalam Jaku Inggeris]] (PPSMI). Para pelajar yang mengambil subjek-subjek di bawah boleh menjawab sama ada dalam Jaku Melayu atau Inggeris. {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |- ! width="10%" |Kod Subjek ! width="40%" |Nama Subjek ! width="20%" |Jaku Perantaraan |- | valign="top" align="center" |3472 | valign="top" |Matematik Tambahan | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu dan Inggeris |- | valign="top" align="center" |4532 | valign="top" |Fizik | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu dan Inggeris |- | valign="top" align="center" |4541 | valign="top" |Kimia | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu dan Inggeris |- | valign="top" align="center" |4551 | valign="top" |Biologi | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu dan Inggeris |} ==== '''Elektif STEM (Sains Gunaan enggau Teknologi)''' ==== {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |- ! width="10%" |Kod Subjek ! width="40%" |Nama Subjek ! width="20%" |Jaku Perantaraan !Syarat Khas |- | valign="top" align="center" |3729 | valign="top" |Pertanian | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |3759 |Lukisan Kejuruteraan |Jaku Melayu | rowspan="4" |Mina ulih diambi ba Sekolah Menengah Teknik |- | valign="top" align="center" |3760 | valign="top" |Pengajian Kejuruteraan Mekanikal | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |3761 | valign="top" |Pengajian Kejuruteraan Awam | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |3762 |Pengajian Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |3763 | valign="top" |Reka Cipta | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |3768 | valign="top" |Asas Kelestarian | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |3769 | valign="top" |Sains Rumah Tangga | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |3770 | valign="top" |Sains Komputer | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |3771 | valign="top" |Grafik Komunikasi Teknikal | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |- | valign="top" align="center" |4561 | valign="top" |Sains Tambahan | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu dan Jaku Inggeris | |- | valign="top" align="center" |4572 | valign="top" |Sains Sukan | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu | |} ==== Elektif STEM (Mata Pelajaran Vokasional) ==== Kebiasaannya, subjek-subjek dalam bidang ini ditawarkan kepada para pelajar yang mengikuti pendidikan teknikal dan vokasional<ref> {{Cite web |url=http://www.moe.gov.my/v/teknik-vokasional |title=Teknik & Vokasional |publisher=[[Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia]] |accessdate=3 November 2015}}</ref>. {| class="wikitable" width="100%" |- ! width="10%" |Kod Subjek ! width="40%" |Nama Subjek ! width="20%" |Jaku Perantaraan |- | valign="top" align="center" |7101 | valign="top" |Pembinaan Domestik | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7103 |Kerja Paip Domestik |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7104 |Pendawaian Domestik |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7105 |Kimpalan Arka dan Gas |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7106 |Menservis Automobil |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7107 |Menservis Motosikal |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7108 |Menservis Peralatan Penyejukan dan Penyaman Udara |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7109 | valign="top" |Menservis Peralatan Elektrik Domestik | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7110 | valign="top" |Pembuatan Perabot | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7201 | valign="top" |Rekaan dan Jahitan Pakaian | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7202 | valign="top" |Katering dan Penyajian | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7203 |Pemprosesan Makanan |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7205 |Asuhan dan Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7207 |Penjagaan Muka dan Penggayaan Rambut |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7208 |Gerontologi Asas dan Geriatik |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7301 | valign="top" |Landskap dan Nurseri | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7302 |Akuakultur dan Haiwan Rekreasi |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7303 | valign="top" |Tanaman Makanan | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7403 | valign="top" |Produksi Multimedia | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7405 | valign="top" |Produksi Reka Tanda | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7406 |Hiasan Dalaman |Jaku Melayu |- | valign="top" align="center" |7407 | valign="top" |Reka Bentuk Grafik Digital | valign="top" |Jaku Melayu |} ==Gred enggau pengulih== Berengkah ari taun [[2010]]: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Gred !! Pengulih !! Purata !! Poin |- | A+ || Cemerlang Tertinggi || 0 || 90 - 100 |- | A || Cemerlang Tinggi || 1 || 80 - 89 |- | A- || Cemerlang || 2 || 70 - 79 |- | B+ || Kepujian Tertinggi || 3 || 65 - 69 |- | B || Kepujian Tinggi || 4 || 60 - 64 |- | C+ || Kepujian Atas || 5 || 55 - 59 |- | C || Kepujian || 6 || 50 - 54 |- | D || Lulus Atas || 7 || 45 - 49 |- | E || Lulus || 8 || 40 - 44 |- | G || Gagal || 9 || 0 - 39 |} ==Ripih tarak ke pemaduh nyulut SPM== {| border="1" class="wikitable" ! Taun!! Nama !! Sekula!! Pemutus SPM |- |2000 |Ong Jin Hock |SMK Ibrahim |12 1A |- |2001 |Alvin Choong Ching Yek Lee Shen Han Joy Wee Xin Ning |SMK Penang Free SMK Ibrahim SMK Convent |12 1A 12 1A 12 1A |- |2002 |Yap Sui Lin |SM (P) Kuen Cheng |14 1A, 1 2A |- |2003 |[[Ahmad Atiq Abdul Hamid]] |SMK La Salle Klang, [[Klang]] |14 1A, 1 2A |- |2004 |[[Nur Amalina Che Bakri]] Anushree Lalitha A/P Subramaniam |SMK Ulu Tiram, Johor SMK Perempuan Sri Aman |17 1A 14 1A |- |2005 |Chong Huey Ee [[Chin Shiang Jin]] [[Esther Elizabeth Jack]] |SMK (P) Treacher Methodist, Taiping Sekolah Menengah Kian Kok, [[Kota Kinabalu]] SMK Raja Lumu, [[Klang]] |15 1A. 1 2A 15 1A 15 1A |- |2006 |Siti Fatimah Mukhtar Yeo Jie Ming Melissa Sia Yin Ying |Maahad Muhammadi Perempuan, Kota Bharu SMK Bukit Mertajam SM Kian Kok, Kota Kinabalu |17 1A, 1 2A 16 1A 16 1A |- |2007 |Azali Azlan Quek Khai Ren |SMK Agama Yan SMJK Hwa Lian, Mentakab |20 1A, 1 2A 16 1A |- ||2008 |Nik Nur Madihah Nik Mohamad Kamal‎ Lim Shu Yong Tan Chin Huat Akira Wong Neng Chun |SMA (Ugama) [[Maahad Muhammadi]] (Perempuan) SMJK Yoke Kuan, Sekinchan SMJK Yoke Kuan, Sekinchan SMK Tung Hua, Sibu |19 1A, 1 2A 16 1A 16 1A 16 1A |- ||2009 |Grace Kiew Sze-Ern Gladys Tan Yee Kim |SMK (P) Sri Aman, Petaling Jaya SMK Green Road |15 A+ 10 A+ |- ||2010 |Muhammad Putera Farid Iskandar |SMS Tuanku Munawir |10 A+ |} Berengkah ari SPM 2011, nadai pemadah pasal tarak ti pemadu nyulut. Ungkup SPM 2010-2014, sepenyampau 30 iku nembiak (SPM 2009,2010) enggau 50 iku nembiak (SPM 2011-2014) ti nyulut (semua A+) dalam SPM automatik diberi Biasiswa Nasional. == Sekula ke pemadu nyulut SPM == {| class="wikitable" !Taun !Sekula SBP KPM !GPS !MRSM !GPS !Sekula Swasta !GPS !Sekula Harian KPM !GPS !Sekula Pengarap Negeri !GPS !Malin |- |1997 | | | | |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''2.06''' | | | | | |- |1998 | | | | |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''2.18''' | | | | | |- |1999 | | | | |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''2.29''' | | | | | |- |2000 | | | | |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''2.48''' | | | | | |- |2001 |Sekolah Sultan Alam Shah |2.09 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |'''1.80''' |[[Kolej Yayasan Saad]] |2.04 | | | | | |- |2002 |Sekolah Sultan Alam Shah | |MRSM Langkawi |1.83 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.43''' |SMK Sultanah Asma | | | | |- |2003 |Kolej Tunku Kurshiah |1.63 |MRSM Langkawi | |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.52''' | | | | | |- |2004 |[[Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah]] |1.61 |MRSM Beseri |1.705 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.43''' | | | | | |- |2005 |[[Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah]] |1.74 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba | |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.50''' | | | | | |- |2006 |[[Sekolah Menengah Sains Tuanku Munawir|SMS Tuanku Munawir]] |1.62 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.4328 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.33''' | | | | | |- |2007 |SMS Tuanku Munawir |1.562 |MRSM Langkawi |1.4457 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.43''' | | | | | |- |2008 |SMS Tuanku Munawir |1.612 |MRSM Langkawi |1.4041 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.33''' | | | | | |- |2009 |SMS Tuanku Munawir |0.97 |MRSM Taiping |1.1052 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''0.58''' |SMK Infant Jesus Convent,JB | | | | |- |2010 |SMS Tuanku Munawir |0.8874 |MRSM Pengkalan Chepa |0.83 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''0.66''' | | | | | |- |2011 |Kolej Tunku Kurshiah |0.9230 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.00 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''0.85''' | | | | | |- |2012 |Sekolah Seri Puteri |1.0422 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |'''1.039''' |Kolej Yayasan Saad |1.18 |SMK Sultan Ismail, JB | | | | |- |2013 |[[Sekolah Tun Fatimah]] |'''0.8410''' |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.1329 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |1.00 | | | | | |- |2014 |SMS Tuanku Munawir |1.1568 |MRSM Taiping |1.0681 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''0.94''' |SMK Infant Jesus Convent,JB |1.16 | | | |- |2015 |SMS Tuanku Munawir |1.4029 |MRSM Taiping |1.436 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.15''' |SMK Infant Jesus Convent,JB |1.56 | | | |- |2016 |Kolej Tunku Kurshiah |1.31 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |'''1.22''' |Kolej Yayasan Saad |1.59 | | | | | |- |2017 |Sekolah Tun Fatimah |'''1.109''' |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.436 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |1.20 | | | | | |- |2018 |Sekolah Tun Fatimah |1.31 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.48 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |'''1.24''' | | | | | |- |2019 |Sekolah Tun Fatimah |'''0.784''' |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.37 |Kolej Yayasan Saad | | | | | |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sistemguruonline.my/2020/03/senarai-ranking-sekolah-sbp-terbaik-spm-2019.html|title=Senarai Ranking Sekolah SBP Terbaik SPM 2019|last=|first=|date=|website=Sistem Guru Online|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=31 Mac 2020}}</ref> |- |2020 |SBP Integrasi Gombak |'''1.00''' |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.36 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |1.14 | | | | | |- |2021 |Sekolah Tun Fatimah |0.84 |MRSM Taiping |1.510 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |0.88 |SMKA Kerian |1.57 |SM Imtiaz Kuala Terengganu |1.57 | |- |2022 |SBP Integrasi Gombak |1.05 |MRSM Langkawi |1.643 |Kolej Yayasan Saad | | | | | | |- |2023 |Sekolah Sultan Alam Shah |1.073 |MRSM Tun Ghafar Baba |1.490 |Kolej Yayasan Saad |1.257 |SMKA Sultan Azlan Shah |1.455 |Maahad Tahfiz Negeri Pahang |1.070 | |} == Peda mega == * [[Pendidikan Malaysia]] == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Pautan luar == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080521121231/http://apps.emoe.gov.my/lpm/peperiksaan_peperiksaanluarnegeri.htm Lembaga Peperiksaan Malaysia] * [http://www.moe.gov.my Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia] 5jrvgl06b0g6fb7v6ahguoe6l6ij8om 0 2171 19293 12413 2026-06-11T15:34:58Z Song GK 9 /* Penyanding */ 19293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Menua Nengeri Vatikan | native_name = {{Ubl|{{Native name|it|Stato della Città del Vaticano}}|{{Native name|la|Status Civitatis Vaticanae}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Vatican City State - 2023 version.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Vatican City State - 2023 version.svg | coa_size = 90 | symbol_type = [[Coat of arms of Vatican City|Coat of arms]] | common_name = Vatican City | other_symbol = {{Vunblist |{{Native name|it|Sigillo dello Stato della Città del Vaticano}}<br />{{Native name|la|Sigillum Stati Civitatis Vaticanae}}}}{{Small|[[Politics of Vatican City#Judiciary|National Seal of Vatican City]]}}<br />[[Fail:Seal of the State of Vatican City.svg|100px]] | other_symbol_type = National Seal | national_anthem = {{Native name|it|[[Pontifical Anthem|Inno e Marcia Pontificale]]}}<br />"Pontifical Anthem and March"<div style="padding-top:0.5em;">{{Center| }}</div>[[Fail:United States Navy Band - Inno e Marcia Pontificale.ogg|noicon|center]] | image_map = Location of the Vatican City in Europe.svg | map_caption = | capital = Vatican City ([[city-state]]) | coordinates = {{Coord|41|54.2|N|12|27.2|E|type:city|display=inline}} <!-- Since there is no "capital city", coords won't work in infobox. The coordinates that appear in the upper right of the article can be edited near the end of the article wikitext (see [[MOS:ORDER]] before moving them)--> | official_languages = {{Hlist|[[Italian Language|Italian]]|<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-latin/pope-ditches-latin-as-official-language-of-vatican-synod-idUSKCN0HV1O220141006 |title=Pope ditches Latin as official language of Vatican synod |work=Reuters |author=((Reuters Staff)) |date=6 October 2014 |access-date=23 May 2023 |archive-date=4 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404073852/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pope-latin/pope-ditches-latin-as-official-language-of-vatican-synod-idUSKCN0HV1O220141006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Visiting The Vatican 2023 x452">{{Cite web |title=What language is spoken at the Vatican? |website=Visiting The Vatican |date=13 April 2023 |url=https://visitingthevatican.com/what-language-is-spoken-at-the-vatican/ |access-date=5 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105022349/https://visitingthevatican.com/what-language-is-spoken-at-the-vatican/ |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | languages_type = [[National language]] | languages = [[Italian language|Italian]] (''de facto'')<!-- While the Holy See uses [[Latin]] in official documents, Vatican City State uses [[Italian]] only -->{{Efn|group="note"|1=Many other languages are used by institutions situated within the state, such as the [[Holy See]], the [[Pontifical Guard|Pontifical Swiss Guard]], and the [[Pontifical Academy of Sciences]].<br />The Holy See uses [[Latin]] as its official language and Italian as its main working and diplomatic language; in addition, its [[Secretariat of State (Holy See)|Secretariat of State]] uses [[English language|English]], [[French language|French]], German, Italian, [[Polish language|Polish]], [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. The Swiss Guard has three command languages: German, French and Italian; the chaplain of the guard reads aloud the full oath of allegiance in these three languages.<ref>{{Cite AV media |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QTeh9_3VGLQ |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/QTeh9_3VGLQ| archive-date=11 December 2021 |url-status=live |title=Solemn oath of the Vatican Swiss guards |date=6 May 2014 |via=YouTube}}{{Cbignore}}</ref>}} | government_type = Unitary [[Theocracy|theocratic]] Catholic [[Elective monarchy|elective]] [[absolute monarchy]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/index.htm |title=Internet Portal of Vatican City State |publisher=Vatican City State |access-date=9 July 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524030947/https://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/index.htm |archive-date=24 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="factbook" /><ref>Robbers, Gerhard (2006) [https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA1009 ''Encyclopedia of World Constitutions''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429130728/https://books.google.com/books?id=M3A-xgf1yM4C&pg=PA1009 |date=29 April 2016 }}. Infobase Publishing. {{ISBN|978-0-81606078-8}}. p. 1009</ref><ref>Nick Megoran (2009) [https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/nick.megoran/pdf/theocracy.pdf "Theocracy"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804152755/https://www.staff.ncl.ac.uk/nick.megoran/pdf/theocracy.pdf |date=4 August 2020 }}, p. 226 in ''International Encyclopedia of Human Geography'', vol. 11, Elsevier {{ISBN|978-0-08-044911-1}}</ref> | leader_title1 = [[Sovereignty|Sovereign entity]] | leader_name1 = [[Holy See]] | leader_title2 = [[Pope]] | leader_name2 = [[Leo XIV]] | leader_title3 = [[Cardinal Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] | leader_name3 = [[Pietro Parolin]] | leader_title4 = [[President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|President of the Governorate]] | leader_name4 = [[Raffaella Petrini]] | legislature = [[Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State|Pontifical Commission]]{{Efn|All powers delegated by the sovereign<ref>{{Cite web |title=Legislative and Executive Bodies |url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm |website=[[Vatican City State]] |access-date=17 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110524024314/http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/StateDepartments/Legislative_and_executive_bodies.htm |archive-date=24 May 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf |title=Fundamental Law of Vatican City State |author=Pope John Paul II | author-link=Pope John Paul II |date=26 November 2000 | access-date=17 April 2022 |publisher=[[Vatican City State]] | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080226203911/http://www.vaticanstate.va/NR/rdonlyres/3F574885-EAD5-47E9-A547-C3717005E861/2522/FundamentalLaw1.pdf | archive-date=26 February 2008}}</ref>}} | established_event1 = [[Donation of Pepin]] | sovereignty_type = Independence | sovereignty_note = from the [[Francia|Kingdom of the Franks]] and [[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]] | established_date1 = 754 ({{Years ago|754}} years ago) | established_event2 = [[Lateran Treaty]] | established_date2 = 11 February 1929 ({{Years ago|1929}} years ago) | area_km2 = 0.49{{Efn|name=area|The [[:it:Calendario Atlante De Agostini|De Agostini Atlas Calendar]] listed the area of Vatican City as 44&nbsp;ha in its 1930 edition<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=JqlIZ70Jn9gC&q=vaticano De Agostini Atlas Calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603042457/https://books.google.com/books?id=JqlIZ70Jn9gC&q=vaticano |date=3 June 2020 }}, 1930, p. 99. {{In lang|it}}</ref> but corrected it to 49&nbsp;ha in its 1945–1946 edition.<ref name=agostini1945>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpJXsBX_6uUC&q=vaticano De Agostini Atlas Calendar] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200603173403/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZpJXsBX_6uUC&q=vaticano |date=3 June 2020 }}, 1945–1946, p. 128. {{In lang|it}}</ref> The figure of 44&nbsp;ha is still widely cited by many sources despite its inaccuracy.<!-- See talk page for further evidence -->}} | area_rank = 195th <!-- Should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]] --> | population_estimate = 764<ref name=population>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |title=Population |publisher=Vatican City State |date=16 March 2024 |access-date=16 March 2024 |language=it |archive-date=17 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200517063650/https://www.vaticanstate.va/it/stato-governo/note-generali/popolazione.html |url-status=live }}</ref> | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 234th | population_density_km2 = 1559 | population_density_sq_mi = 4021 | population_density_rank = 2nd | Gini = <!--number only--> | Gini_year = | Gini_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = | Gini_rank = | HDI = <!--number only--> | HDI_year = | HDI_change = <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = | HDI_rank = | currency = [[Euro]] ([[Euro sign|€]]) | currency_code = EUR | time_zone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset_DST = +2 | time_zone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] | drives_on = right{{Efn|1=Visitors and tourists are not permitted to drive inside Vatican City without specific permission, which is normally granted only to those on official business in Vatican City.}} | calling_code = [[Telephone numbers in Vatican City|+379]]{{Efn|1=[[ITU-T]] assigned code 379 to Vatican City. However, Vatican City is included in the Italian telephone numbering plan and uses the Italian country code 39, followed by 06 (for Rome) and 698.}} | iso3166code = VA | cctld = [[.va|.va]] | religion = [[Catholicism]]<br />([[state religion]]) | sport_code = | demonym = None (de jure)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://italyexplained.com/italy-cities-regions/vatican-city/#:~:text=The%20Italian%20name%20for%20Vatican,is%20really%20%E2%80%9Cfrom%E2%80%9D%20there |title=Vatican City :: Italy Explained | access-date=2 February 2023 | archive-date=29 May 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529044152/https://italyexplained.com/italy-cities-regions/vatican-city/#:~:text=The%20Italian%20name%20for%20Vatican,is%20really%20%E2%80%9Cfrom%E2%80%9D%20there | url-status=dead}}</ref><br /> Vatican (de facto) | GDP_PPP = €14,859,970 | GDP_PPP_per_capita = €19,450.22 | GDP_PPP_year = 2021 | today = | official_website = {{Official website|https://www.vaticanstate.va/}} }} {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site | ID = 286 | Criteria = Cultural: i, ii, iv, vi | Year = 1984 | image = File:Vatikanische Gaerten Museen Rom.jpg | caption = Vatican City }} '''Vatikan,''' tauka nama resmi iya '''Menua Nengeri Vatikan''' nya sebengkah menua ke nadai pantai,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ray |first=Michael |date=20 May 2023 |title=Vatican City |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vatican-City |access-date=21 May 2023 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |language=en |archive-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318193720/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623972/Vatican-City |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Duignan |first=Brian |date=31 March 2023 |title=nation-state |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/nation-state |access-date=21 May 2023 |publisher=[[Encyclopedia Britannica]] |language=en |archive-date=17 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517011342/https://www.britannica.com/topic/nation-state |url-status=live }}</ref> menua nengeri, menua mikro, enggau enklaf ba dalam nengeri [[Rome|Rom]], Itali.<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |title=Vatican City |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vatican-City |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=18 May 2021 |ref=121 |archive-date=18 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150318193720/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/623972/Vatican-City |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868 |title=Vatican country profile |date=2018 |work=BBC News |access-date=24 August 2018 |language=en-GB |archive-date=25 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825011001/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17994868 |url-status=live}}</ref> Iya nyadi merdeka ari Itali dalam taun 1929 enggau Sempekat Lateran, lalu iya nyadi kandang menua ti nyelai ari baruh “pengempu penuh, kuasa eksklusif, enggau kuasa enggau bidang kuasa ti bedaulat” ari Panggau Tuchi, iya empu nyadi entiti ti bedaulat ari baruh ukum entarabansa, ti ngintu nengeri- kuasa enggau pengawa merintah sementara nengeri, diplomatik, enggau meredika rohani. Vatican mega nyadi metonim ngagai pope, perintah Gerija Katolik menua nengeri enggau serata dunya ia nya Panggau Tuchi, enggau Roman Curia.{{Efn|1=The Holy See is the central governing body of the Catholic Church and Vatican City and a sovereign entity recognised by international law, consisting of the Pope and the [[Roman Curia]]. It is also [[metonym]]ically referred to as "The Vatican".}}<ref name="lateran">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm |title=Text of the Lateran Treaty of 1929 |access-date=3 August 2020 |archive-date=25 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225060950/http://www.aloha.net/~mikesch/treaty.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kereban sanding == <references /> == Nota == [[Kategori:Menua ba Eropah]] kvckxv6ek9469n3tzpeplevbqaepdm8 0 2256 19287 9030 2026-06-11T12:12:56Z Song GK 9 /* Malin */ 19287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Jaku Austronesia ti dikena ba Filipina}} {{Infobox language | name = Maguindanao | familycolor = Austronesia | nativename = {{lang|mdh|Basa Magindanawn}}<br/>{{Script/Arabic|باس مڬندنون}} | states = [[Filipina]] | region = [[Maguindanao del Norte]], [[Maguindanao del Sur]], [[Sultan Kudarat]], [[North Cotabato]], [[South Cotabato]], [[Sarangani]], [[Zamboanga del Sur]], [[Zamboanga Sibugay]], [[Davao del Sur]], [[Davao del Norte]], [[Davao Occidental]], [[Bukidnon]] | ethnicity = [[Bansa Maguindanao|Maguindanao]] | speakers = 2,021,099 | date = 2020 | ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/ethnicity-philippines-2020-census-population-and-housing|title=Ethnicity in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing)|publisher=Philippine Statistics Authority|access-date=July 4, 2023}}</ref> | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Malayo-Polynesia|Malayo-Polynesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Filipina|Filipina]] | fam4 = [[Jaku-jaku Filipina Tengah Besai languages|Filipina Tengah Besai]] | fam5 = [[Jaki-jaku Danao|Danao]] | script = [[Urup Latin|Latin]]<br>[[Urup Arab|Arab]] ([[Urup Jawi|Jawi]]) | dia1 = Tau sa Ilud | dia2 = Tau sa Laya | dia3 = Biwangen | nation = Jaku kandang menua ba Filipina | agency = [[Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino]] | iso3 = mdh | glotto = magu1243 | map = Maguindanao language map.png | mapcaption = {{legend|#c12939|Kandang menua majoriti orang ke ngena jaku Maguindanao}} | notice = IPA }} '''Jaku Maguindanao''' ({{lang|mdh|Basa Magindanawn}}, [[Urup Jawi|Jawi]]: {{lang|mdh-Arab|{{Script/Arabic|باس مڬندنون}}}}), tauka '''Magindanawn''' nya jaku Austronesia ti dikena [[bansa Maguindanao]] ti nyadi majoriti populasyen provinsi Maguindanao del Norte enggau Maguindanao del Sur di [[Filipina]]. Jaku tu mega dikena raban minoriti ke mayuh ba endur ke bebida di [[Mindanao]] baka mengeri Zamboanga, Davao, Jeneral Santos, enggau Cagayan de Oro, sereta pelilih menua Cotabato Utara, Sultan Kudarat, Cotabato Selatan, Sarangani, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay , Davao del Sur, Davao Barat, Bukidnon sereta mega Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite enggau Laguna. Naka taun 2020, jaku tu dipadu nyadi jaku ke sembilan ke pemadu mayuh dikena ba rumah di Filipina enggau semina 365,032 ruang bilik ke agi ngena jaku nya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tagalog is the Most Widely Spoken Language at Home (2020 Census of Population and Housing) {{!}} Philippine Statistics Authority {{!}} Republic of the Philippines |url=https://psa.gov.ph/content/tagalog-most-widely-spoken-language-home-2020-census-population-and-housing |access-date=2024-07-15 |website=psa.gov.ph}}</ref> ==Sejarah== Jaku Maguindanao nya jaku asal bansa Maguindanao ari pelilih menua Maguindanao ke bepalan ba barat pulau Mindanao di selatan Filipina. Jaku nya jaku [[Kesultanan Maguindanao]], ke meruan nyentuk ke semak ujung timpuh kolonial Sepanyol ba ujung abad ke-19. Pengawa ke pemadu tumu pasal jaku tu digaga seiku orang Eropah dipejalaika Jacinto Juanmartí, siku paderi Catalan ari [[Gerempung Jesus]] ke gawa di Filipina ba tengan kedua abad ke-19.<ref>{{Cite book |title=Juanmartí, Jacinto, S. I. (1833-1897) |url=https://www.bvfe.es/es/component/mtree/autor/10002-juanmarti-jacinto.html |access-date=2020-10-10 |website=Biblioteca Virtual de la Filología Española |language=es}}</ref><ref name= "Aguilera Fernández 2018" >{{Cite journal |last=Aguilera Fernández |first=María |date=2018 |title=Literatura misional y hagiografía en el siglo XIX: Jacinto Juanmartí, un misionero jesuita en Filipinas (1833–1897) |trans-title=Missionary literature and hagiography in the 19th century: Jacinto Juanmartí, a Jesuit missionary in the Philippines (1833–1897) |journal=Hispania Sacra |language=es |volume=70 |issue=141 |pages=321 |doi=10.3989/hs.2018.024 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Kelimpah ari sekeda kereja pengarap Kristian dalam jaku nya,{{refn|such as a Maguindanao–Spanish bilingual "sacred history", with a short wordlist, in 1888,<ref name="Compendio de historia universal">i.e., {{Cite book |url=http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000067807 |title=Compendio de historia universal desde la creación del mundo hasta la venida de Jesucristo y un breve vocabulario en castellano y en moro maguindanao |publisher=Koh Yew Hean |year=1888 |location=Singapore |language=Maguindanao, Spanish <!-- Maguindanao language and its code are unsupported by MediaWiki, causes -->|trans-title=Compendium of universal history from the creation of the world to the coming of Jesus Christ and a brief vocabulary in Spanish and Moro-Maguindanao}}</ref><ref name= "Aguilera Fernández 2018" /> in which Maguindanao was written in both Arabic characters and the Latin alphabet}} Juanmartí mega bisi ngeluarka kamus enggau jalai jaku Maguindanao-Sepanyol/Sepanyol-Maguindanao dalam taun 1892.<ref>i.e., {{harvp|Juanmartí|1892a}} and {{harvp|Juanmartí|1892b}}</ref> Enda lama pengudah kuasa merintah Filipina dipindahka ari Sepanyol ngagai Amerika Syarikat dalam taun 1898 asil ari [[Perang Sepanyol-Amerika]], perintah Amerika berengkah mansutka mayuh bengkah kereja pasal jaku nya dalam jaku English, baka primer pandak enggau leka jaku dalam taun 1903,<ref>i.e., {{harvp|Porter|1903}}</ref> enggau salin jalai jaku rujukan Juanmartí ngagai jaku English dalam taun 1906.<ref>i.e., {{harvp|Juanmartí|1906}}</ref> Sepenyampau karya pasal enggau dalam jaku nya udah dikeluarka pengarang Filipina enggau menua luar kenyau ari nya. [[File:Maguindanaoseal.png|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Maguindanao language in Arabic script on Maguindanao royal seal from the 18th century]] == Agih == Jaku Maguindanao ngembuan tiga iti dialek besai: Ilud, Laya, enggau Biwangen. Dialek jaku Maguindanao: *'''Dialek Ilud''': dikena ba [[Nengeri Cotabato]], kandang mengeri [[Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte|Sultan Kudarat]], [[Parang, Maguindanao del Norte|Parang]], [[Datu Odin Sinsuat, Maguindanao del Norte|Datu Odin Sinsuat]], [[South Upi]], [[North Upi]], [[Kabuntalan]], [[Datu Piang, Maguindanao del Sur|Datu Piang]], [[Datu Unsay]], [[Shariff Aguak]], [[Ampatuan, Maguindanao del Sur|Ampatuan]], [[Mamasapano]], [[Guindulungan]], [[Sultan sa Barongis]], [[Pagalungan]], [[Pagagawan]], [[Talitay]] enggau [[Talayan]]. Ari provinsi [[Cotabato Utara]], kandang mengeri [[Pigcawayan]], [[Libungan]], [[Midsayap]], [[Aleosan]], [[Alamada]], [[Banisilan]], [[Carmen]], [[Pikit]], [[Midsayap]], [[Kabacan]], [[Matalam]], [[Kidapawan]] enggau [[Mlang]]. Jaku ba kandang mengeri Pikit, Matalam, Pagalungan enggau Pagagawan bebida sebut enggau intonasyen ari dialek ilud, tang sebaka ba leka jaku. *'''Dialek Laya''': dikena ba kandang mengeri [[Buluan]], [[Datu Paglas]], [[General Salipada K. Pendatun]], enggau [[Paglat]], semua ba provinsi [[Maguindanao del Sur]], enggau [[Tulunan]] ba provinsi [[Cotabato Utara]]; kandang mengeri [[Lambayong]], [[Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat|Esperanza]], [[Isulan]], [[Senator Ninoy Aquino, Sultan Kudarat|Senator Ninoy Aquino]], [[Bagumbayan, Sultan Kudarat|Bagumbayan]], [[Tacurong]], [[President Quirino, Sultan Kudarat|President Quirino]], [[Columbio]] enggau [[Lutayan]], semua provinsi [[Sultan Kudarat]]; kandang mengeri [[Sto. Nino, South Cotabato|Sto. Nino]], [[Surallah]], [[Norala]], [[Banga, South Cotabato|Banga]], [[Lake Sebu, South Cotabato|Lake Sebu]], [[Koronadal]], [[Tantangan]], [[Polomolok]], [[Tampakan]] enggau [[Tupi, South Cotabato|Tupi]], semua ba provinsi Cotabato Selatan pia mega kandang mengeri ba [[Davao City]], [[Davao del Sur]], [[Davao del Norte]], [[Davao Oriental]] and [[Bukidnon]]. *'''Dialek Biwangen''': dikena ba [[General Santos]], [[Sarangani]], kandang mengeri pantai [[Sultan Kudarat]] ([[Palimbang]], [[Kalamansig]] enggau [[Lebak]]), kandang mengeri pantai [[Zamboanga del Sur]] enggau [[Zamboanga Sibugay]], sekeda kandang mengeri ba [[Zamboanga del Norte]] enggau dalam [[Pagadian]]. ==Chunto== ===Lumur=== Lumur dalam jaku Maguindanao: {| class="wikitable" ! !Maguindanaon |- ! 1 | {{transliteration|mdh|isa}}/{{transliteration|mdh|sa}} |- ! 2 | {{transliteration|mdh|dua}} |- ! 3 | {{transliteration|mdh|telu}} |- ! 4 | {{transliteration|mdh|pat}} |- ! 5 | {{transliteration|mdh|lima}} |- ! 6 | {{transliteration|mdh|nem}} |- ! 7 | {{transliteration|mdh|pitu}} |- ! 8 | {{transliteration|mdh|walu}} |- ! 9 | {{transliteration|mdh|siaw}} |- ! 10 | {{transliteration|mdh|sapulu}} |- ! 20 | {{transliteration|mdh|dua pulu}} |- ! 30 | {{transliteration|mdh|telu pulu}} |- ! 40 | {{transliteration|mdh|pat pulu}} |- ! 50 | {{transliteration|mdh|lima pulu}} |- ! 60 | {{transliteration|mdh|nem pulu}} |- ! 70 | {{transliteration|mdh|pitu pulu}} |- ! 80 | {{transliteration|mdh|walu pulu}} |- ! 90 | {{transliteration|mdh|siaw pulu}} |- ! 100 | {{transliteration|mdh|magatus}} |- ! 1,000 | {{transliteration|mdh|sangibu}} |} ===Jaku ganti nama diri=== Jaku ganti nama diri dalam jaku Maguindanaon ulih nyadi bibas tauka berikat enggau jaku/morfem sebedau nya. {| class="wikitable" |+ Jaku ganti nama diri dalam jaku Maguindanao<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allison |first=E. Joe |title=Papers in Philippine Linguistics No. 10 |date=1979 |publisher=The Australian National University |editor-last=Gallman |editor-first=Andrew F. |series=Pacific Linguistics, Series A, No. 55 |location=Canberra |pages=53–112 |chapter=Proto-Danaw: A Comparative Study of Maranaw, Magindanaw and Iranun |doi=10.15144/PL-A55.53 |editor-last2=Allison |editor-first2=E. Joe |editor-last3=Harmon |editor-first3=Carol W. |editor-last4=Witucki |editor-first4=Jeannette |doi-access=free}}</ref> ![[Jaku Iban]] !Nominatif<br/>(bibas) !Nominatif<br/>(berikat) !Genitif/Ergatif<br/>(berikat) !Oblik<br/>(bibas) |- |aku |{{transliteration|mdh|saki}} |{{transliteration|mdh|aku}} |{{transliteration|mdh|ku}} |{{transliteration|mdh|laki}} |- |nuan |{{transliteration|mdh|seka}} |{{transliteration|mdh|ka}} |{{transliteration|mdh|'engka}} ~ {{transliteration|mdh|nengka}} |{{transliteration|mdh|leka}} |- |iya |{{transliteration|mdh|sekanin}} |{{transliteration|mdh|sekanin}} |{{transliteration|mdh|nin}} |{{transliteration|mdh|lekanin}} |- |tua |{{transliteration|mdh|sekita}} |{{transliteration|mdh|ta}} |{{transliteration|mdh|ta}} |{{transliteration|mdh|lekita}} |- |kitai |{{transliteration|mdh|sekitanu}} |{{transliteration|mdh|tanu}} |{{transliteration|mdh|tanu}} |{{transliteration|mdh|lekitanu}} |- |kami |{{transliteration|mdh|sekami}} |{{transliteration|mdh|kami}} |{{transliteration|mdh|nami}} |{{transliteration|mdh|lekami}} |- |kita |{{transliteration|mdh|sekanu}} |{{transliteration|mdh|kanu}} |{{transliteration|mdh|nu}} |{{transliteration|mdh|lekanu}} |- |sida |{{transliteration|mdh|silan}} |{{transliteration|mdh|silan}} |{{transliteration|mdh|nilan}} |{{transliteration|mdh|kanilan}} |} === Chura === {| class="wikitable" !Iban !Maguindanaon |- |chelum |{{transliteration|mdh|maitem}} |- |burak |{{transliteration|mdh|maputi}} |- |mirah |{{transliteration|mdh|maliga}} |- |banda |{{transliteration|mdh|kulit}} |- |kuning |{{transliteration|mdh|binaning}} |- |gadung / ijau |{{transliteration|mdh|gadung}} |- |biru |{{transliteration|mdh|bilu}} |- |ungu |{{transliteration|mdh|lambayung}} |- |kalas |{{transliteration|mdh|kasumba}} |- |kelabu |{{transliteration|mdh|kaumbi}} |- |pirang |{{transliteration|mdh|malalag}} |} ==Frasa== {| class="wikitable" "border=1" ! Iban !! Maguindanaon !! Iban !! Maguindanaon |- |Nama berita? || {{transliteration|mdh|Ngin i betad engka?}} || Selamat pagi || {{transliteration|mdh|Mapia mapita}} |- |Selamat (sebedau) ngalih hari || {{transliteration|mdh|Mapia maudtu}} || Selamat ngalih hari || {{transliteration|mdh|Mapia malulem}} |- |Selamat hari || {{transliteration|mdh|Mapia gay}} || Selamat lemai || {{transliteration|mdh|Mapia magabi}} |- |Mupuk aku diatu || {{transliteration|mdh|Lemu aku den}} || Legi betemu baru || {{transliteration|mdh|Sampay sa tundug a kutika}} |- |Bagas amat nuan || {{transliteration|mdh|Sangat i katulanged nengka / Matulanged ka a benal}} || Manah amat nuan || {{transliteration|mdh|Sangat i kalimu nengka / Malimu ka a benal}} |- |Bajik amat nuan || {{transliteration|mdh|Sangat i kanisan nengka / Manisan ka a benal}} || Terima kasih! || {{transliteration|mdh|Sukran!}} |- |Terima kasih! || {{transliteration|mdh|Sukran sa leka!}} || Terima kasih mayuh-mayuh!|| {{transliteration|mdh|Sukran a benal!}} |- | Sama-sama! || {{transliteration|mdh|Afwan}} || Selamat datai!|| {{transliteration|mdh|Talus ka!}} |- | Yes || {{transliteration|mdh|Uway}} || Enda|| {{transliteration|mdh|Di}} |- | Nadai || {{transliteration|mdh|Da}} || Enda|| {{transliteration|mdh|Kena}} |- | Sapa? || {{transliteration|mdh|Entain?}} || Nama?|| {{transliteration|mdh|Ngin?}} |- | Dini? || {{transliteration|mdh|Endaw?}} || Ni? || {{transliteration|mdh|Endaw san?}} |- | Ke maya? || {{transliteration|mdh|Kanu?}} || Baka ni? || {{transliteration|mdh|Panun?}} |- | Lapa? || {{transliteration|mdh|Enduken?}} || Tu || {{transliteration|mdh|Inia}} |- | Nya || {{transliteration|mdh|Intu/Nan}} || Dia || {{transliteration|mdh|San}} |- | Ditu || {{transliteration|mdh|Sia}} || Dalam || {{transliteration|mdh|Lu}} |} ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} ity5v783d0hzylsflddnnt7ie4quxko 14 6679 19286 2026-06-11T12:11:36Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Isi artikel ukai Iban|tsg|tsg}} [[Kategori:Artikel ti ngundan teks ukai jaku Iban|Tausug]]' 19286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Isi artikel ukai Iban|tsg|tsg}} [[Kategori:Artikel ti ngundan teks ukai jaku Iban|Tausug]] rb37zjlk0wbulh7bsv11b2cd39swdk7 0 6680 19289 2026-06-11T14:38:17Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358841940|Tesco]] " 19289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company | name = Tesco plc | logo = | logo_caption = Logo used since 1995 | image = | image_caption = Tesco Headquarters, Welwyn Garden City | former_name = {{Ubl | Tesco Stores (Holdings) Limited (1947–1981)<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 November 1947 |title=Certificate of incorporation |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/00445790/filing-history/NDA4ODA0NDNhZGlxemtjeA/document?format=pdf&download=0 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=[[Companies House]] }}</ref> | Tesco Stores (Holdings) Public Limited Company (1981–1983)<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 1981 |title=Certificate of re-registration from Private to Public Limited Company |url=https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/00445790/filing-history/Mzc3Njg0MDRhZGlxemtjeA/document?format=pdf&download=0 |access-date=6 August 2023 |website=[[Companies House]] }}</ref> }} | type = [[Kompeni betaka rama|Rama]] | traded_as = {{lse|TSCO|fourway=GB0008847096GBGBXSET1}}<br />[[FTSE 100 Index|FTSE 100 Component]] | ISIN = {{ISIN|sl=n|pl=y|GB00BLGZ9862}} | industry = [[Retail]] | founded = {{Start date and age|df=yes|1919}}<br /> [[Hackney, London]], England, UK | founder = [[Jack Cohen (businessman)|Sir Jack Cohen]] | hq_location = Tesco House, Shire Park, Kestrel Way, [[Welwyn Garden City]], [[Hertfordshire]], England, UK | num_locations = 5,040 (2026)<ref name="results"/> | area_served = {{Unbulleted list|Czechia|Hungary|Ireland|Slovakia|United Kingdom}} | key_people = {{ubl |[[Gerry Murphy (businessman)|Gerry Murphy]] (chairman)<ref>{{cite web |last1=Kollewe |first1=Julia |title=Tesco appoints Burberry boss as chair to replace John Allan |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2023/jul/02/tesco-appoints-burberry-boss-as-chair-to-replace-john-allan |website=The Guardian |access-date=7 May 2026 |date=2 July 2023 }}</ref> |[[Ken Murphy (businessman)|Ken Murphy]] (CEO)<ref>{{Cite news |last1=Wood |first1=Zoe |last2=Makortoff |first2=Kalyeena |date=2 October 2019 |title=Boots 'lifer' to replace Dave Lewis at helm of Tesco |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/oct/02/boots-lifer-ken-murphy-to-replace-dave-lewis-at-the-helm-of-tesco |access-date=29 June 2020 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=30 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200630004839/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/oct/02/boots-lifer-ken-murphy-to-replace-dave-lewis-at-the-helm-of-tesco |url-status=live }}</ref> }} | products = {{Ubl | [[Supermarket]] | [[Hypermarket]] | [[Big-box store|Superstore]] | [[Convenience shop]] }} | brands = {{Ubl | One Stop | F&F | [[Paperchase]] }} | services = | revenue = {{increase}} £72.886 billion (2026)<ref name="results">{{cite web |url=https://www.tescoplc.com/media/ch1fbgss/tesco-plc-preliminary-results-statement-fy26.pdf |title=Annual Results 2026 |publisher=Tesco plc |access-date=21 April 2026 |archive-date=29 April 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260429124645/https://www.tescoplc.com/media/ch1fbgss/tesco-plc-preliminary-results-statement-fy26.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> | operating_income = {{increase}} £3.194&nbsp;billion (2026)<ref name="results"/> | net_income = {{increase}} £1.787&nbsp;billion (2026)<ref name="results"/> | assets = {{increase}} £39.474&nbsp;billion (2026)<ref name="results"/> | equity = {{decrease}} £11.457&nbsp;billion (2026)<ref name="results"/> | num_employees = 330,000 (2026)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tescoplc.com/about/ |title=About us |publisher=Tesco |access-date=27 January 2026 |archive-date=21 January 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260121034223/https://www.tescoplc.com/about/ |url-status=live }}</ref> | divisions = {{Ubl | Tesco Stores Limited | [[Tesco Bank]]{{efn|Owned by [[Barclays]]}} | [[Tesco Mobile]] (50%) | [[Tesco Ireland]] | Tesco Family Dining Limited | [[Dunnhumby]] | Spenhill | [[Booker Group]] }} | website = {{URL|https://tesco.com}}{{br}}{{URL|https://tescoplc.com}} | footnotes = {{notelist}} }} '''Tesco plc''' ({{IPAc-en|'|t|ɛ|s|.|k|oʊ}}) iya nya sebengkah kompeni renchit barang renchit enggau barang dagang rama mayuh bansa ari menua British ti bepalan ba indu opis di United Kingdom ba indu opis iya di [[Welwyn Garden City]], England.<ref>{{cite web|title=Contacts|url=http://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=126|publisher=Tesco PLC|access-date=20 January 2016|archive-date=26 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160426190613/http://www.tescoplc.com/index.asp?pageid=126|url-status=dead}}</ref> Kompeni tu ditumbuhka [[Jack Cohen (orang dagang)|Sir Jack Cohen]] di [[Hackney, London]], dalam taun 1919. Dalam taun 2023, iya nyadi kedai renchit ke-15 pemadu besai di dunya nitihka penatai pemisi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Global Powers of Retailing {{!}} Deloitte {{!}} Consumer Business industry reports|url=https://www.deloitte.com/content/dam/assets-shared/docs/industries/consumer/2025/deloitte-global-powers-of-retailing-2025.pdf|access-date=19 August 2025|website=Deloitte|language=en}}</ref> Iya nyadi ketuai makit barang pemakai di UK (ke alai iya ngembuan bagi makit urung 28.4%).<ref>{{cite web|title=Our businesses|url=https://www.tescoplc.com/about-us/our-businesses/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180128184250/https://www.tescoplc.com/about-us/our-businesses/|archive-date=28 January 2018|access-date=13 April 2018|publisher=Tesco PLC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Finch|first=Julia|date=2 February 2010|title=Tesco opens its first zero carbon store|url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/feb/02/tesco-carbon-neutral-green-building|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928140912/http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/feb/02/tesco-carbon-neutral-green-building|archive-date=28 September 2013|access-date=1 September 2010|work=The Guardian|location=UK}}</ref> Pia mega enggau United Kingdom, Tesco bisi kedai di Czekia, Ireland, Slovakia, Pulau-pulau Man enggau Hungari. Kenyau ari taun 1960-an, Tesco udah mayuh macham ngagai bidang baka nyual bup, gari, elektronik, perabot, mainan, petrol, perisian, servis wang, [[telekomunikasyen]] enggau servis internet. Dalam taun 1990-an, Tesco ngengkahka baru penuduk diri ari nyadi kedai renchit beungkus murah ti ngembuan penias tinggi ti ba pasar baruh, nguji narit mayuh macham raban sosial enggau renggat "Tesco Value" ti beungkus baruh (dilancharka taun 1993<ref name="BBC News2">{{cite news|title=Tesco: How one supermarket came to dominate|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23988795|access-date=18 October 2014|archive-date=26 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140926021915/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-23988795|url-status=live}}</ref>) enggau renggat "Tesco Finest" premium. Tesco dirintaika ba [[Bursa Saham London]] lalu nyadi konstituen Indeks FTSE 100. == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist|3}} == Bacha ke silik agi == * {{Cite book |last=MacLaurin |first=Sir Ian |title=Tiger by the Tail: A Life in Business from Tesco to Test Cricket |publisher=Pan Books |year=1999 |isbn=0-330-37371-4 |location=London}} * {{Cite book |last=Simms |first=Andrew |url=https://archive.org/details/tescopolyhowones0000simm |title=Tescopoly: How one shop came out on top and why it matters |publisher=Constable |year=2007 |isbn=978-1-84529-511-0 |location=London |url-access=registration}} * {{Cite book |last=Humby |first=Clive |title=Scoring points: How Tesco continues to win customer loyalty |last2=Hunt |first2=Terry |last3=Phillips |first3=Tim |publisher=Kogan Page |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7494-4752-6 |location=London & Philadelphia |author-link=Clive Humby}} * {{Cite book |last=Nash |first=Bethany |title=Fair-Trade and the growth of ethical consumerism within the mainstream: an investigation into the Tesco consumer |publisher=University of Leeds |year=2006 |location=Leeds |oclc=75272130}} * {{Cite book |last=Leahy |first=Terry |title=Management in 10 Words |publisher=Random House |year=2012 |isbn=978-1847940896 |location=London}} ; Video * Diarkib ba [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/TIVy1iFePro Ghostarchive] enggau [https://web.archive.org/web/20190327075748/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIVy1iFePro Mesin Wayback] : <cite class="citation web cs1">CNBC enggau .</cite> <cite class="citation web cs1">19 Mac 2019.</cite> == Laman web ke bukai == {{Commons category}} * {{official website}} {{Authority control}} danhnz63076uxcs1d9eeybe9z3eu6t3 0 6681 19290 2026-06-11T15:29:08Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357848546|Great Barrier Reef]] " 19290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site|WHS=Great Barrier Reef|Image=ISS-45 StoryOfWater, Great Barrier Reef, Australia.jpg|Caption=Image of part of the Great Barrier Reef adjacent to [[Queensland]], taken from the [[International Space Station]]|ID=154|Year=1981|Criteria=Natural: vii, viii, ix, x|Location=Off the east coast of the [[Queensland]] mainland, Australia|Coordinates={{Coord|format=dms|display=inline,title}}|Area={{cvt|34870000|ha|acre}}|Website={{URL|www.gbrmpa.gov.au/}}|embedded=[[File:Great Barrier Reef Marine Park locator map.svg|250px]]<br />Locator map of the protected area|image_size=255px|mapframe-zoom=3}} '''Terumbu Pelepa Besai''' ({{Langx|en|Great Barrier Reef}}) nya sistem [[terumbu karang]] ti pemadu besai di dunya,<ref name="UNEP2">{{cite web|author=UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre|year=1980|title=Protected Areas and World Heritage – Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/gbrmp.html|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080511100752/http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/wh/gbrmp.html|archive-date=11 May 2008|publisher=[[Department of the Environment and Heritage]]|access-date=14 March 2009}}</ref><ref name="GBRWHV2">{{cite web|title=The Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Values|url=http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/great-barrier-reef/values.html|access-date=3 September 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509112200/http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/great-barrier-reef/values.html|archive-date=9 May 2013}}</ref> ti ditumbuhka ari lebih 2,900 terumbu individu<ref>The [[Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area]], which is 348,000&nbsp;km squared, has 2900 reefs. However, this does not include the reefs found in the [[Torres Strait]], which has an estimated area of 37,000&nbsp;km squared and with a possible 750 reefs and shoals. {{harvnb|Hopley|Smithers|Parnell|2007|p=1}}</ref> enggau 900 pulau ti ngembuan pemesai lebih {{convert|2300|km|mi}} ba pemesai urung {{convert|344400|km2|mi2}}.<ref>{{cite web|author=Fodor's|title=Great Barrier Reef Travel Guide|url=http://www.fodors.com/miniguides/mgresults.cfm?destination=great_barrier@230&cur_section=ove|access-date=8 August 2006|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514032401/http://www.fodors.com/world/australia-and-the-pacific/australia/queensland/great-barrier-reef/|archive-date=14 May 2013}}</ref><ref name="1975review2">{{cite web|author=Department of the Environment and Heritage|title=Review of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act 1975|url=http://www.deh.gov.au/coasts/publications/gbr-marine-park-act.html|access-date=2 November 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018005108/http://www.deh.gov.au/coasts/publications/gbr-marine-park-act.html|archive-date=18 October 2006}}</ref> Terumbu karang tu bepalan ba [[Tasik Karang]], ba tebing tasik [[Queensland]], Australia, diseraraka ari tebing tasik ngena saluran {{Convert|100|mi|km|order=flip}} pemesai ba sekeda endur sereta lebih {{Convert|200|ft|m|order=flip}} penalam.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Leong |first=Goh Cheng |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XhJ4RAAACAAJ&q=certificate+physical+and+human+geography |title=Certificate Physics And Human Geography; Indian Edition |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-19-562816-6 |page=81 |language=en |access-date=21 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220620214553/https://books.google.com/books?id=XhJ4RAAACAAJ&q=certificate+physical+and+human+geography |archive-date=20 June 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref> Terumbu Pelepa Besai ulih dipeda ari [[singkamiga]] lalu nyadi struktur tunggal ti pemadu besai di dunya ti digaga utai idup.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Deeks|first=Russell|date=September 28, 2024|title=Great Barrier Reef from space|url=https://www.skyatnightmagazine.com/earth-from-space/great-barrier-reef|access-date=13 February 2026|website=BBC Sky at Night Magazine}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ga.gov.au/media/releases/2002/1013133456_20385.jsp|title=Great Barrier Reef: no buried treasure|author=Sarah Belfield|publisher=Geoscience Australia (Australian Government)|date=8 February 2002|access-date=11 June 2007|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001045912/http://www.ga.gov.au/media/releases/2002/1013133456_20385.jsp|archive-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> Struktur terumbu karang tu ditumbuhka sereta digaga bebilion-bilion organisma ti mit, ti dikelala enggau nama polip karang . Iya nyukung mayuh macham pengidup lalu dipilih nyadi [[Palan Pesaka Dunya]] dalam taun 1981.<ref name="UNEP2" /><ref name="GBRWHV2" /> [[CNN]] ngelabelka iya nyadi siti ari Tujuh Pekara Ajih Semulajadi Dunya dalam taun 1997.<ref>{{cite news|publisher=CNN|year=1997|title=The Seven Natural Wonders of the World|url=http://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9711/natural.wonders/|access-date=6 August 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721011803/http://www.cnn.com/TRAVEL/DESTINATIONS/9711/natural.wonders/|archive-date=21 July 2006}}</ref> Palan Pesaka Dunya Australia udah nyengkaum endur tu dalam rintai dalam 2007.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment|title=National Heritage List: The Great Barrier Reef, Queensland|url=https://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/gbr|access-date=23 April 2021|archive-date=22 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422152822/http://www.environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/gbr|url-status=live}}</ref> == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist|colwidth=30em}} == Bacha ke silik agi == * {{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Peter |title=AIMS: The First Twenty-five Years |publisher=Australian Institute of Marine Science |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-642-32212-8 |location=Townsville}} *  {{Cite journal|last=Done|first=T.J.|s2cid=38013851|year=1982|title=Patterns in the distribution of coral communities across the central Great Barrier Reef|journal=Coral Reefs|volume=1|issue=2|pages=95–107|doi=10.1007/BF00301691|bibcode=1982CorRe...1...95D}} *  {{cite web|url=http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/research_publications|title=Research Publications|publisher=[[Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718153935/http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/corp_site/info_services/publications/research_publications|archive-date=18 July 2011}} * {{Cite book |last=Hutchings |first=Pat |title=The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management |title-link=The Great Barrier Reef: Biology, Environment and Management |last2=Kingsford, Mike |last3=Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-643-09557-1}} * {{Cite book |last=Lucas |first=P.H.C. |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=AY8kRAAACAAJ}} |title=The outstanding universal value of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area |publisher=Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority |year=1997 |isbn=0-642-23028-5 |display-authors=etal}} * {{Cite book |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=ILoSAQAAIAA}} |title=A Coral Reef Handbook: A Guide to the Geology, Flora and Fauna of the Great Barrier Reef |publisher=Surrey Beatty & Sons Pty Ltd |year=1993 |isbn=0-949324-47-7 |editor-last=Mather, P. |edition=3rd |location=Chipping North |editor-last2=Bennett, I.}}  == Laman web ke bukai == *  {{cite web|url=http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/great-barrier-reef.htm|title=How the Great Barrier Reef Works|date=5 May 2008|publisher=howstuffworks.com}} * [http://environment.gov.au/heritage/places/world/great-barrier-reef/index.html World heritage listing for Great Barrier Reef] * [https://artsandculture.google.com/story/jgURSfVd2DvPoQ Great Barrier Reef] UNESCO Collection on Google Arts and Culture * [http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/ Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140302111314/http://www.reef.crc.org.au/ CRC Reef Research Centre] *  {{cite magazine|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/earthpulse/reef/reef1_flash.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010305212835/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/earthpulse/reef/reef1_flash.html|archive-date=5 March 2001|title=Dive into the Great Barrier Reef|magazine=National Geographic}} * [http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2014/08/18/4067593.htm Battle for the Reef] – Four Corners – ABC.au * [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/nov/29/great-barrier-reef-scientists-confirm-largest-die-off-of-corals-recorded Great Barrier Reef scientists confirm largest die-off of corals recorded]. ''The Guardian.'' 28 November 2016. * [https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/dls06p/alma99183245213702061 Great Barrier Reef Foundation] web archive, State Library of Queensland * [https://onesearch.slq.qld.gov.au/permalink/61SLQ_INST/tqqf2h/alma99183468119802061 Great Barrier Reef Expedition Photographs 1928-1929], State Library of Queensland * [https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/memories-and-mutton-birds-women-great-barrier-reef Memories and Mutton Birds Women of the Great Barrier Reef], John Oxley Library blog * [https://vimeo.com/722390083 2020 John Oxley Library Fellows- Research Reveals: Women of the Great Barrier Reef]; State Library of Queensland * [https://vimeo.com/564029635 2020 John Oxley Library Fellows: Deb Anderson and Kerrie Foxwell-Norton. The Terry Ridgway Story], State Library of Queensland {{Authority control}} p1oo9y2iyvj013rqea9e50axbqlyh2u 10 6682 19291 2026-06-11T15:31:08Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Templat:Kutak info Palan Pesaka Dunya UNESCO]] 19291 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Templat:Kutak info Palan Pesaka Dunya UNESCO]] tguyaglnxxefohe2c1dujieggpycdcu 10 6683 19292 2026-06-11T15:33:52Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{#invoke:Type in location|main|UNESCO World Heritage Site|{{{location|}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{child|}}}{{{Child|}}}|<templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/>}} {{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{if empty|{{{child|}}}|{{{Child|}}}}}}} | decat = yes<!-- remove from tracking category --> |bodyclass = vcard |titleclass = category |titlestyle = font-size:125%; |title = <includeonly>{{#if:{{{...' 19292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{main other|{{#if:{{Has short description}} |<!--Do nothing--> |{{#invoke:Type in location|main|UNESCO World Heritage Site|{{{location|}}}}}}}}}{{#if:{{{child|}}}{{{Child|}}}|<templatestyles src="Infobox/mobileviewfix.css"/>}} {{Infobox | child = {{lc:{{if empty|{{{child|}}}|{{{Child|}}}}}}} | decat = yes<!-- remove from tracking category --> |bodyclass = vcard |titleclass = category |titlestyle = font-size:125%; 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|rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2 = Nama&nbsp;rasmi |data2 = {{if empty|{{{Official_name|}}}|{{{official_name|}}}}} |rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3 = [[Palan Pesaka Dunya nitihka menua|Endur]] |data3 = {{if empty|{{{Location|}}}|{{{location|}}}}} |rowclass4 = mergedrow |label4 = Bagi ari |data4 = {{if empty|{{{Part_of|}}}|{{{part_of|}}}}} |rowclass5 = mergedrow |label5 = Nyengkaum |data5 = {{if empty|{{{Includes|}}}|{{{includes|}}}}} |rowclass6 = mergedrow |label6 = [[Palan Pesaka Dunya#Kriteria pemilih|Kriteria]] |class6 = category |data6 = {{#if: {{{Type|}}} |{{{Type}}}:&nbsp;| }}{{if empty|{{{Criteria|}}}|{{{criteria|}}}}} |rowclass8 = mergedrow |label8 = Kereban sanding |data8 = {{#if:{{{ID|}}} |{{#if:{{{Link|}}} |[{{{Link}}} {{{ID}}}] |[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/{{{ID}}} {{{ID}}}] }} }} |rowclass10 = mergedrow |label10 = <span style="font-size:85%;font-weight:normal;">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/?search=&search_by_country=&type=&media=&region=&order=region UNESCO region]</span> |rowclass14 = mergedrow |label14 = Inscription |data14 = {{if first display both|{{if empty|{{{Year|}}}|{{{year|}}}}}| (<!-- -->{{#if:{{{Session|}}} | {{{Session}}} | {{#ifexpr:{{if empty|{{{Year|}}}|{{{year|}}}}}>1976 | {{#ifexpr:{{if empty|{{{Year|}}}|{{{year|}}}}}>2020<!--Not held in 2020 due to COVID-19 pandemic--> | {{#ifexpr:{{if empty|{{{Year|}}}|{{{year|}}}}}>2022<!--Not held in 2022 due to Russian invasion of Ukraine--> | {{ordinal|{{#expr:{{if empty|{{{Year|}}}|{{{year|}}}}}-1978}}}} | {{ordinal|{{#expr:{{if empty|{{{Year|}}}|{{{year|}}}}}-1977}}}}}} | {{ordinal|{{#expr:{{if empty|{{{Year|}}}|{{{year|}}}}}-1976}}}}}} | Unknown}} <!-- -->}} [[World Heritage Committee|Session]])<!-- -->}} |rowclass16 = mergedrow |label16 = Extensions |data16 = {{if empty|{{{Extension|}}}|{{{extension|}}}}} |rowclass18 = mergedrow |label18 = [[List of World Heritage in Danger|Endangered]] |data18 = {{if empty|{{{Danger|}}}|{{{danger|}}}}} |rowclass22 = mergedrow |label22 = Area |class22 = category |data22 = {{if empty|{{{Area|}}}|{{{area|}}}}} |rowclass24 = mergedrow |label24 = Buffer&nbsp;zone |class24 = category |data24 = {{if empty|{{{Buffer_zone|}}}|{{{buffer_zone|}}}}} |label26 = Laman web |class26 = category |data26 = {{if empty|{{{Website|}}}|{{{website|}}}}} |label27 = [[Sistem koordinat geografi|Koordinat]] |data27 = {{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{Coordinates|}}}}} | data28 = {{if empty|{{{embedded|}}}|{{{Embedded|}}}}} | label29 = Akese transit rama | data29 = {{{publictransit|}}} |data30 = {{#if:{{both|{{if empty|{{{locmapin|}}}|{{{Locmapin|}}}}}|{{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{Coordinates|}}}}}}} | {{Location map |{{if empty|{{{locmapin|}}}|{{{Locmapin|}}}|Earth}} |coordinates={{if empty|{{{coordinates|}}}|{{{Coordinates|}}}}} |float=center|relief={{{relief}}}|width={{{map_width|}}}|default_width=250|border=infobox |caption=<div style="line-height:1.2em;"><!-- -->{{#if:{{{map_caption|}}} |{{{map_caption}}} |Location of {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} {{#ifeq:{{if empty|{{{locmapin|}}}|{{{Locmapin|}}}|Earth}}|Earth |on Earth. |in {{#invoke:Location map|data|{{if empty|{{{locmapin|}}}|{{{Locmapin|}}}|Earth}}|name}}}}<!-- -->}}<!-- --></div><!-- --> | label = {{#ifeq: {{lc: {{{pushpin_label_position|}}} }} | none | | {{if empty|{{{label|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}} }} }} }}<!-- -->}} }}{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site]] with unknown parameter "_VALUE_"|ignoreblank=y|mapframe_args=y| alt | area | Area | buffer_zone | Buffer_zone | Caption | caption | Child | child | coordinates | Coordinates | coords | criteria | Criteria | danger | Danger | Embedded | embedded | extension | Extension | ID | image | Image | image_map | image_size | image_upright | imagecaption | includes | Includes | label | label_position | Link | location | Location | Locmapin | locmapin | map | map_alt | map_caption | map_image | map_size | map_width | mapsize | mark | mark_size | mark_width | name | Name | official_name | Official_name | part_of | Part_of | publictransit | relief | Session | Type | website | Website | WHS | year | Year | hide_interactive_map }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site with conflicting parameters}} | child; Child | Image; image | caption; Caption; imagecaption | map_size; mapsize; map_width | label; name | map_alt; name | mark_width; mark_size | coordinates; coords | map_image; image_map | Official_name; official_name | Location; location | Part_of; part_of | Includes; includes | Criteria; criteria | Year; year | Extension; extension | Danger; danger | Area; area | Buffer_zone; buffer_zone | Website; website | coordinates; Coordinates | embedded; Embedded | locmapin; Locmapin }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}<!--Please add any categories to the /doc page --></noinclude> 60fqgkf3b142hskksb086j4kutvwrhu 0 6684 19294 2026-06-12T01:21:55Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1358605768|NASA]] " 19294 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Administrasyen Aeronautik enggau Singkamiga Nasional''' ({{Langx|en|'''National Aeronautics and Space Administration'''}} ('''NASA''')) iya nya sebengkah ejensi bibas perintah federal A.S. ti betanggungjawap ba program singkamiga sivil Amerika Syarikat enggau ungkup pansik dalam aeronautik enggau [[singkamiga]]. Indu opis ejensi tu di [[Washington, DC]], NASA bejalaika sepuluh palan lapangan di serata A.S. lalu diatur ngagai tiga direktorat misi: [[Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate|Penerebai Angkasa Mensia]], Pansik enggau Teknologi, enggau Sains. Ditumbuhka dalam taun 1958 ba tengah-tengah [[Lumba Singkamiga]], NASA nganti [[Komiti Penyanding Penemu Nasional ungkup Aeronautik]] (NACA) meri program singkamiga A.S. orientasyen sivil ke nyelai ti fokus ngagai aplikasyen ti likun. Kenyau ari nya, iya udah nguluka tebal agi program penerebai bilun singkamiga Amerika, nyengkaum [[Projek Merkuri]], [[Projek Gemini]], [[program Apollo]], [[Skylab]], [[Bilun Singkamiga]], [[Stesyen Singkamiga Antarabansa]] (ISS) enggau [[program Artemis]] mayuh menua ti benung dipejalaika. == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Bacha ke silik agi == * Alexander, Joseph K. ''Jaku Ajar Sains ngagai NASA: Konflik, Konsensus, Perkongsian, Kepimpinan'' (2019) [https://www.amazon.com/Science-Advice-NASA-Partnership-Leadership-ebook/dp/B07RF7Q5HF/ pemansut] * Bizony, Piers enggau ke bukai. ''Arkib NASA nya.'' ''60 Taun ba Angkasa'' (2019) * Brady, Kevin M. "NASA Ngelancharka Houston Ke Orbit Baka Ni Program Angkasa Amerika Meri Sumbang ngagai Penumbuh Ekonomi Texas Tenggara, Pemansang Saintifik, enggau Pemodenan maya Ujung Abad Kedua Puluh." ''Jurnal Barat'' (2018), 57 # 4, lambar 13-54 * Bromberg, enggau enggau lisa. ''NASA enggau Industri Angkasa'' (Percetakan Universiti Hopkins, 1999) * Klemons, enggau Jack. ''Selamat Ke Dunya: Lelaki enggau Indu ti Mai Bala Astronaut Pulai'' (2018) [https://www.amazon.com/Safely-Earth-Women-Brought-Astronauts/dp/0813056020/ pemansut] * Dick, Steven J., enggau Launius, Roger D., eds. ''Isu Kritikal dalam Sejarah Penerebai Angkasa'' (NASA, 2006) * Launius, Roger D. "Eisenhower, Sputnik, enggau Pengawa Ngaga NASA." ''Prolog-Suku Taun Arkib Nasional'' 28.2 (1996): 127-143 * Pyle, enggau Batang. ''Angkasa 2.0: Baka Ni Penerebai Angkasa Swasta, NASA ti Benung Angkat Baru, enggau Rakan Antarabansa Nempa Zaman Angkasa Baru'' (2019), gambaran [https://www.amazon.com/dp/1944648453/ pemansut] pengawa mansik luar angkasa * Spenser enggau Brett. "Bup enggau Roket: Kaul Simbiotik entara Perpustakaan Awam Amerika enggau Program Angkasa, 1950–2015", ''Penerang & Budaya'' 51, no. 4 (2016): 550 enggau 582 * Pengelandik enggau Matius. "Ruang angkasa, garis entara menua ekonomi kepenudi." ''Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi'' 32.2 (2018): 173-192. [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?output=instlink&q=info:YffWC2o6lYsJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=1,27&as_ylo=2017&scillfp=8711858111903232899&oi=lle dalam talian] . Archived , meresa baru litaricha ekonomi . == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Official website}} * [http://www.nasawatch.com/ NASA Watch, an agency watchdog site] * {{Internet Archive author|search=("National Aeronautics and Space Administration" OR "NASA")}} * [http://science.howstuffworks.com/nasa.htm How NASA works] on howstuffworks.com {{Authority control}} njt4s81bb9r7m7lw53lint3g1o83cyf 19296 19294 2026-06-12T01:28:22Z Song GK 9 19296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Kutak info ejensi singkamiga | seal = NASA seal.svg | seal_width = 175 | seal_alt = A blue sphere with stars, a yellow planet with a white moon; a red chevron representing wings, and an orbiting spacecraft; surrounded by a white border with "NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION U.S.A." in red letters. | seal_caption = [[NASA insignia#NASA seal|NASA seal]] | logo = [[File:NASA logo (2023 colors).svg|frameless|upright=0.45]] [[File:NASA Worm logo.svg|frameless|upright=0.55]] | logo_alt = The "meatball" insignia, a blue sphere with stars, white letters of NASA, a red chevron representing wings, and a white orbiting spacecraft with a white trail showing its orbit path and the "worm" insignia, a red line forming stylized letters of NASA. | logo_caption = [[NASA insignia]] | image = NASA HQ Building.jpg | image_size = 250px | image_caption = [[NASA Headquarters|Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters]] building in [[Washington, D.C.]] | acronym = NASA | formed = {{Start date and age|1958|07|29}} | preceding1 = [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]] (1915–1958)<ref name="cfc-naca">{{Cite web |title=The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) |url=https://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/NACA/Tech1.htm |website=US Centennial of Flight Commission |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140220005256/https://www.centennialofflight.net/essay/Evolution_of_Technology/NACA/Tech1.htm |archive-date=February 20, 2014 |access-date= November 3, 2011}}</ref> | agency_type = [[Space agency]]<br />[[Aeronautics]] research agency | jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States|United States federal government]] | headquarters = [[NASA Headquarters|Mary W. Jackson NASA Headquarters]]<br />[[Washington, D.C.]] | coordinates = {{Coord|38|52|59|N|77|0|59|W|type:landmark_region:US-DC|display=inline,title}} | leader_title = [[Administrator of NASA|Administrator]] | leader_name = [[Jared Isaacman]]<ref name="arstechnica-20251218">{{Cite news |last=Berger |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Berger (journalist) |date=December 18, 2025 |title=NASA finally—and we really do mean it this time—has a full-time leader |url=https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/12/nasa-finally-and-we-really-do-mean-it-this-time-has-a-full-time-leader/ |work=[[Ars Technica]] |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251218102816/https://arstechnica.com/space/2025/12/nasa-finally-and-we-really-do-mean-it-this-time-has-a-full-time-leader/ |archive-date=December 18, 2025 |access-date=December 18, 2025}}</ref> | leader_title2 = [[Deputy Administrator of NASA|Deputy Administrator]] | leader_name2 = [[Matthew P. Anderson|Matt Anderson]] | leader_title3 = Associate Administrator | leader_name3 = [[Amit Kshatriya]] | spaceports = {{ubli | [[Kennedy Space Center]] | [[Cape Canaveral Space Force Station]] | [[Vandenberg Space Force Base]] | [[Wallops Flight Facility]] }} [[Marshall Space Flight Center]] | employees = 17,960 (2022)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Workforce Profile |url=https://wicn.nssc.nasa.gov/c10/cgi-bin/cognosisapi.dll?b_action=powerPlayService&m_encoding=UTF-8&BZ=1AAABgNNr_f942m2PQWuDQBCF%7E8yOaS9hdlTUgwd1DRHamEahZ6NjCTFuUFOaf981KYTSzu7wHm__gV2ryJdFme%7ESTIXjpAfO1BMQHSShS5TK2I89x%7ENXsYt24AfKd4Mg8mLHMM%7EWvJtGu2S9jcp1CLSqdT9xPxnX6q7hAdwYHOyrE4OtFttBt4eOgTC57HlcgKsMea7qY%7EXBv9F3PRxbPdQz%7ELM245YqkmWSbzZpUmZGotc0%7EAe14rewRRQSEaVEIQQKFwWhmI8QUdcZOD2dO31lHgGDvDeBukxXI0DtPP0yP2m4MfaFq082kADygWwDsATaAwX3QD4C8afk7c7m%7EqBbP_obQJNj2A%3D%3D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811051531/https://wicn.nssc.nasa.gov/c10/cgi-bin/cognosisapi.dll?b_action=powerPlayService&m_encoding=UTF-8&BZ=1AAABgNNr_f942m2PQWuDQBCF~8yOaS9hdlTUgwd1DRHamEahZ6NjCTFuUFOaf981KYTSzu7wHm__gV2ryJdFme~STIXjpAfO1BMQHSShS5TK2I89x~NXsYt24AfKd4Mg8mLHMM~WvJtGu2S9jcp1CLSqdT9xPxnX6q7hAdwYHOyrE4OtFttBt4eOgTC57HlcgKsMea7qY~XBv9F3PRxbPdQz~LM245YqkmWSbzZpUmZGotc0~Ae14rewRRQSEaVEIQQKFwWhmI8QUdcZOD2dO31lHgGDvDeBukxXI0DtPP0yP2m4MfaFq082kADygWwDsATaAwX3QD4C8afk7c7m~qBbP_obQJNj2A%3D%3D |archive-date=August 11, 2022 |access-date=August 11, 2022 |publisher=NASA}}</ref> | budget = {{Decrease}} {{US$|24.4&nbsp;billion}} (2026) | website = {{URL|https://www.nasa.gov/|nasa.gov}} | language = <!-- Please do not add English in this entry, English is NOT an official language of the US government. --> }} '''Administrasyen Aeronautik enggau Singkamiga Nasional''' ({{Langx|en|'''National Aeronautics and Space Administration'''}} ('''NASA''')) iya nya sebengkah ejensi bibas perintah federal A.S. ti betanggungjawap ba program singkamiga sivil Amerika Syarikat enggau ungkup pansik dalam aeronautik enggau [[singkamiga]]. Indu opis ejensi tu di [[Washington, DC]], NASA bejalaika sepuluh palan lapangan di serata A.S. lalu diatur ngagai tiga direktorat misi: [[Human Spaceflight Mission Directorate|Penerebai Angkasa Mensia]], Pansik enggau Teknologi, enggau Sains. Ditumbuhka dalam taun 1958 ba tengah-tengah [[Lumba Singkamiga]], NASA nganti [[Komiti Penyanding Penemu Nasional ungkup Aeronautik]] (NACA) meri program singkamiga A.S. orientasyen sivil ke nyelai ti fokus ngagai aplikasyen ti likun. Kenyau ari nya, iya udah nguluka tebal agi program penerebai bilun singkamiga Amerika, nyengkaum [[Projek Merkuri]], [[Projek Gemini]], [[program Apollo]], [[Skylab]], [[Bilun Singkamiga]], [[Stesyen Singkamiga Antarabansa]] (ISS) enggau [[program Artemis]] mayuh menua ti benung dipejalaika. == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Bacha ke silik agi == * Alexander, Joseph K. ''Jaku Ajar Sains ngagai NASA: Konflik, Konsensus, Perkongsian, Kepimpinan'' (2019) [https://www.amazon.com/Science-Advice-NASA-Partnership-Leadership-ebook/dp/B07RF7Q5HF/ pemansut] * Bizony, Piers enggau ke bukai. ''Arkib NASA nya.'' ''60 Taun ba Angkasa'' (2019) * Brady, Kevin M. "NASA Ngelancharka Houston Ke Orbit Baka Ni Program Angkasa Amerika Meri Sumbang ngagai Penumbuh Ekonomi Texas Tenggara, Pemansang Saintifik, enggau Pemodenan maya Ujung Abad Kedua Puluh." ''Jurnal Barat'' (2018), 57 # 4, lambar 13-54 * Bromberg, enggau enggau lisa. ''NASA enggau Industri Angkasa'' (Percetakan Universiti Hopkins, 1999) * Klemons, enggau Jack. ''Selamat Ke Dunya: Lelaki enggau Indu ti Mai Bala Astronaut Pulai'' (2018) [https://www.amazon.com/Safely-Earth-Women-Brought-Astronauts/dp/0813056020/ pemansut] * Dick, Steven J., enggau Launius, Roger D., eds. ''Isu Kritikal dalam Sejarah Penerebai Angkasa'' (NASA, 2006) * Launius, Roger D. "Eisenhower, Sputnik, enggau Pengawa Ngaga NASA." ''Prolog-Suku Taun Arkib Nasional'' 28.2 (1996): 127-143 * Pyle, enggau Batang. ''Angkasa 2.0: Baka Ni Penerebai Angkasa Swasta, NASA ti Benung Angkat Baru, enggau Rakan Antarabansa Nempa Zaman Angkasa Baru'' (2019), gambaran [https://www.amazon.com/dp/1944648453/ pemansut] pengawa mansik luar angkasa * Spenser enggau Brett. "Bup enggau Roket: Kaul Simbiotik entara Perpustakaan Awam Amerika enggau Program Angkasa, 1950–2015", ''Penerang & Budaya'' 51, no. 4 (2016): 550 enggau 582 * Pengelandik enggau Matius. "Ruang angkasa, garis entara menua ekonomi kepenudi." ''Jurnal Perspektif Ekonomi'' 32.2 (2018): 173-192. [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?output=instlink&q=info:YffWC2o6lYsJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=1,27&as_ylo=2017&scillfp=8711858111903232899&oi=lle dalam talian] . Archived , meresa baru litaricha ekonomi . == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Official website}} * [http://www.nasawatch.com/ NASA Watch, an agency watchdog site] * {{Internet Archive author|search=("National Aeronautics and Space Administration" OR "NASA")}} * [http://science.howstuffworks.com/nasa.htm How NASA works] on howstuffworks.com {{Authority control}} kcgmutjmvf4m6vcpy2ir36dk4et9enn 10 6685 19295 2026-06-12T01:26:18Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan '{{Infobox | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}} | titleclass = fn org | headerstyle = background-color: #efefef; color:inherit; | child = {{{child|}}} | subbox = {{{subbox|}}} | italic title = {{if empty|{{{italic title|}}}|no}} | title = {{if empty|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAMEBASE}}}} | subheader = {{Br separated entries | 1 = {{if empty|{{{native_name|}}}|{{{nativename|}}}}} | 2 = {{if empty|{{{native_name_a|}...' 19295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | bodyclass = vcard | bodystyle = {{{bodystyle|}}} | titleclass 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list|item_style=text-indent: -1em; padding-left: 1em; | 1 = {{if empty|{{{superseding|}}}|{{{superseding1|}}}}} | 2 = {{{superseding2|}}} | 3 = {{{superseding3|}}} | 4 = {{{superseding4|}}} | 5 = {{{superseding5|}}} | 6 = {{{superseding6|}}} }} |label9 = Bansa |data9 = {{if empty|{{{agency_type|}}}|{{{type|}}}|[[Ejensi singkamiga]]}} |class9 = category | label10 = Jurisdiction | data10 = {{{jurisdiction|}}} | label11 = Status | data11 = {{{status|}}} | label12 = Indu opis | data12 = {{{headquarters|}}}{{#if: {{{coordinates|}}}|<br/>{{{coordinates|}}} }} | label13 = Motto | data13 = {{{motto|}}} | label14 = Jaku rasmi | data14 = {{#if:{{{languages|}}} |{{{languages}}} |{{{language|}}} }} | label15 = Admin | data15 = {{{administrator|}}} | label16 = {{#if:{{{leader_title|}}} |{{longitem|{{{leader_title}}}}} |Ketuai}} | data16 = {{{leader_name|}}} | label17 = {{{leader_title2}}} | data17 = {{#if:{{{leader_title2|}}} |{{{leader_name2|}}} }} | label18 = {{{leader_title3}}} | data18 = {{#if:{{{leader_title3|}}} |{{{leader_name3|}}} }} | label19 = {{{leader_title4}}} | data19 = {{#if:{{{leader_title4|}}} |{{{leader_name4|}}} }} | label20 = {{{leader_title5}}} | data20 = {{#if:{{{leader_title5|}}} |{{{leader_name5|}}} }} | label21 = {{{leader_title6}}} | data21 = {{#if:{{{leader_title6|}}} |{{{leader_name6|}}} }} | label22 = {{{leader_title7}}} | data22 = {{#if:{{{leader_title7|}}} |{{{leader_name7|}}} }} | label23 = {{{leader_title8}}} | data23 = {{#if:{{{leader_title8|}}} |{{{leader_name8|}}} }} | label24 = Orang kunchi | data24 = {{{key_people|}}} | label25 = [[Endur pengelanchar|Endur pengelanchar utama]]{{#if:{{{spaceports|}}}|s}} | data25 = {{#if:{{{spaceports|}}} |{{{spaceports}}} |{{{spaceport|}}} }} | label26 = Pengempu | data26 = {{#if:{{{owners|}}} |{{{owners}}} |{{if empty|{{{owner|}}}|{{{owner_US|}}}}} }} | label27 = Pengereja pengawa | data27 = {{if empty|{{{employees|}}}|{{{num_staff|}}}}} | label28 = Bajet ninting taun | data28 = {{{budget|}}} | label29 = Laman web | data29 = {{if empty|{{{website|}}}|{{{URL|}}}}} | label30 = ID Ejensi | data30 = {{{agency_id|}}} |header31 = {{#if:{{{map|}}}|{{Infobox|child=yes|decat=yes | title = Map | image = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{map|}}}|size={{if empty|{{{map_size|}}}|{{{map_width|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless}} | caption = {{{map_caption|}}} }}}} |data32 = {{#if:{{{pushpin_map|}}}{{{map_type|}}}|{{Location map|{{if empty|{{{pushpin_map|}}}|{{{map_type|}}}}} |alt = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_map_alt|}}}|{{{map_alt|}}}}} |coordinates = {{{coordinates|}}} |float = center |mark = {{if empty|{{{map_dot_mark|}}}|Red pog.svg}} |marksize= 7 |label = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_label|}}}|{{{map dot label|}}}|{{{map_dot_label|}}}}} |relief = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_relief|}}}|{{{relief|}}}}} |border = none |caption = <!--leave blank--> |width = {{if empty|{{{pushpin_mapsize|}}}|{{{map_size|}}}}} }} |<!-- else if map_type is blank 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image_caption | image_map | image_size | imagesize | italic title | jurisdiction | key_people | language | languages | leader_name | leader_name2 | leader_name3 | leader_name4 | leader_name5 | leader_name6 | leader_name7 | leader_name8 | leader_title | leader_title2 | leader_title3 | leader_title4 | leader_title5 | leader_title6 | leader_title7 | leader_title8 | logo | logo_alt | logo_caption | logo_size | logo_width | logo2 | logo2_alt | logo2_caption | logo2_size | logo2_width | map | map dot label | map_alt | map_caption | map_dot_label | map_dot_mark | map_size | map_type | map_width | motto | name | native_name | native_name_a | native_name_r | nativename | nativename_a | nativename_r | nickname | num_staff | owner | owner_US | owners | picture | picture_caption | picture_width | preceding1 | preceding2 | preceding3 | preceding4 | preceding5 | preceding6 | pushpin_label | pushpin_map | pushpin_map_alt | pushpin_map_caption | pushpin_mapsize | pushpin_relief | relief | seal | seal_alt | seal_caption | seal_size | seal_width | service | size | spaceport | spaceports | status | subbox | superseding | superseding1 | superseding2 | superseding3 | superseding4 | superseding5 | superseding6 | type | URL | website }}{{#invoke:Check for conflicting parameters|check | template = [[Template:Infobox space agency]] | cat = {{main other|Category:Pages using infobox space agency with conflicting parameters}} | native_name; nativename | native_name_a; nativename_a | native_name_r; nativename_r | seal_size; seal_width | logo_size; logo_width | logo2_size; logo2_width | image; picture | image_size; picture_width; imagesize; size | image_alt; alt | image_caption; picture_caption; caption | acronym; abbreviation | formed; established; formation | superseding; superseding1 | agency_type; type | owner; owner_US | employees; num_staff | website; URL | map_size; map_width | pushpin_map; map_type | pushpin_map_alt; map_alt | pushpin_label; map dot label; map_dot_label | pushpin_relief; relief | pushpin_mapsize; map_size | pushpin_map; map_type }}<noinclude> {{documentation}} <!--Please add this template's categories to the /doc subpage, not here - thanks!--> </noinclude> jzthejdvnqi8pijfar5jdwrqyjrubge