Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara 0 1396 19835 11460 2026-09-22T04:05:41Z Song GK 9 /* Penyanding */ 19835 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gawai Kenyalang''' nya siti hari gawai ke diintu orang Iban. Gawai Kenyalang nya pengerami ti pemadu tinggi dikena ngerami pemesai enggau pengulih seseiku orang ti ngintu iya. Gawai tu diintu pengelama 7 hari 7 malam lalu ba hari ke lapan, patung burung kenyalang deka diengkah ba tiang chandi ba perabung rumah panjai.<ref>[https://ibanology.wordpress.com/2013/03/22/beza-anatara-gawai-kenyalang-dan-gawai-burung/ Ibanology] Beza antara Gawai Kenyalang dengan Gawai Burung</ref> Nitihka pengarap lama Iban, burung [[kenyalang]] nya raja semua burung di dunya tu. == Chara ngintu == Pengerami Gawai Kenyalang diatur ba [[rumah panjai]] (tauka ba Kalimantan dikumbai rumah betang). Kenyalang ti deka dikena nya digaga ari kayu ti diukir enggau chara ti nyemaka burung kenyalang. Orang ke deka ngintu perengka nya patut nemu atur pengawa bejalaika iya. Tu beguna laban enti bisi penyilap ngintu hari nya, dipechaya iya deka mai empas ke enda manah. <ref>[https://warisanbudaya.kemdikbud.go.id/?newdetail&detailCatat=1211 Gawai Kenyalang] 2011. Warisan Budaya Tak Benda Indonesia</ref> Pengerami nya nyadika peminta sida Petara nengah mimpi, ke alai bansa Iban pechaya tiap perintah Petara mesti dipejalaika nyadika tanggung pengawa dikena nyeliahka penusah enggau penusah ngenyit nyadi ba rumah panjai. Dalam kosmologi Iban, madahka Gawai Kenyalang nya siti ritual ti digaga bala Petara di Panggau Libau dikena ngerami Sengalang Burung (Petara Perang). <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tugang |first1=Noria |last2=Kiyai |first2=Gregory |date=21 Disember 2022 |title=THE ADAPTATION OF NATURE IN IBAN CULTURAL ARTEFACT |url=https://jurcon.ums.edu.my/ojums/index.php/JBA/article/view/4133/2607 |journal=Jurnal Borneo Akhailogia (Warisan, Arkeologi & Sejarah), |volume= Vol. 7(1),|issue= |pages=93 |doi=10.51200/jba.v7i1.4133 |pmc= |pmid= |access-date= |name-list-style=vanc}}</ref> == Kereban sanding == <references /> aw3n4ksuaqhq2p3nsntvn77j9jn0jkb 0 1840 19841 11666 2026-09-22T04:09:45Z Song GK 9 /* Penyanding */ 19841 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = Judah | native_name = {{Script/Hebrew|יְהוּדִים{{Popdf}}}} ({{Lang|he-Latn|Yehudim}}) | native_name_lang = he | rawimage = [[Fail:Star of David.svg|150px]] | image = | image_caption = [[Bintang David]], simbol ke suah dikena orang Judah | total = '''15,2 juta'''<br />'''Enlarged population (includes anyone with a Jewish parent):'''<br />'''20 juta'''{{Refn|group=note|The global core Jewish population was estimated at approximately 15,263,500 in 2022. When including individuals who identify as partly Jewish and anyone with one or two Jewish parents increases the estimate to 20,028,800. Adding individuals with a Jewish background but without Jewish parents, and non-Jewish household members living with Jews, yields an enlarged estimate of 22,720,400.<ref name=":7">{{Cite book |url=https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-031-33406-1 |title=American Jewish Year Book 2022 |date=2023 |volume=122 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-33406-1|isbn=978-3-031-33405-4 }}</ref>}} | total_year = 2022 | total_source = estimate | total_ref = <ref name="JDB">{{Cite report |editor1-last=Dashefsky |editor1-first=Arnold |editor-link1=Arnold Dashefsky |editor2-last=Della-Pergola |editor2-first=Sergio |editor-link2=Sergio Della Pergola |editor3-last=Sheskin |editor3-first=Ira |date=2021 |title=World Jewish Population|url=https://www.jewishdatabank.org/api/download/?studyId=1185&mediaId=bjdb%5c2021_World_Jewish_Population_AJYB_(DellaPergola)_DB_Public.pdf|publisher=[[Berman Jewish DataBank]]|access-date=4 September 2023}}</ref> [[Fail:Jewish people around the world.svg|center|frameless|260x260px]] | region1 = Israel (inyengkaum kandang endur dijajah) | pop1 = 6,983,000–7,455,200 | ref1 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name=":7" /> | region2 = Amerika Serikat | pop2 = 6,000,000–9,800,000 | ref2 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region3 = Peranchis | pop3 = 440,000–550,000 | ref3 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI">{{Cite web | url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/global-jewish-population-hits-15-7-million-ahead-of-new-year-46-of-them-in-israel/amp/ | title=Global Jewish population hits 15.7 million ahead of new year, 46% of them in Israel &#124; the Times of Israel | website=[[The Times of Israel]] }}</ref> | region4 = Kanada | pop4 = 398,000–450,000 | ref4 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/> | region5 = United Kingdom | pop5 = 312,000–330,000 | ref5 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/> | region6 = Argentina | pop6 = 171,000–240,000 | ref6 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/> | region7 = Rusia | pop7 = 132,000–290,000 | ref7 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/> | region8 = Jereman | pop8 = 125,000–175,000 | ref8 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/> | region9 = Australia | pop9 = 117,200–130,000 | ref9 = <ref name="JDB"/><ref name="TOI"/> | region10 = Brazil | pop10 = 90,000–120,000 | ref10 = <ref name=":7" /><ref name="TOI"/> | region11 = Afrika Selatan | pop11 = 51,000–75,000 | ref11 = <ref name="JDB"/> | region12 = Hungari | pop12 = 46,500–75,000 | ref12 = <ref name=":7" /> | region13 = Ukraine | pop13 = 40,000–90,000 | ref13 = <ref name=":7" /> | region14 = Mexico | pop14 = 40,000–45,000 | ref14 = <ref name=":7" /> | region15 = Belanda | pop15 = 29,700–43,000 | ref15 = <ref name=":7" /> | region16 = Belgium | pop16 = 28,800–35,000 | ref16 = <ref name=":7" /> | region17 = Itali | pop17 = 27,000–34,000 | ref17 = <ref name=":7" /> | region18 = Switzerland | pop18 = 18,800–22,000 | ref18 = <ref name=":7" /> | region19 = Uruguay | pop19 = 16,300–20,000 | ref19 = <ref name=":7" /> | region20 = Chile | pop20 = 15,800–20,000 | ref20 = <ref name=":7" /> | region21 = Sweden | pop21 = 14,900–20,000 | ref21 = <ref name=":7" /> | region22 = Turki | pop22 = 14,300–17,500 | ref22 = <ref name=":7" /> | region23 = Sepanyol | pop23 = 12,900–16,000 | ref23 = <ref name=":7" /> | region24 = Austria | pop24 = 10,300–14,000 | ref24 = <ref name=":7" /> | region25 = Panama | pop25 = 10,000–11,000 | ref25 = <ref name=":7" /> | languages = {{Plainlist| * '''Predominantly spoken:'''<ref name=Languages>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bh.org.il/links.aspx |title=Links |access-date=2 April 2012 |publisher=[[Beth Hatefutsoth]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326102214/http://www.bh.org.il/links/jewishlangs.asp |archive-date=26 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * {{Hlist|[[Jaku Hebrew Moden]]|[[Jaku Inggeris]]|[[Jaku Rusia]]|[[Jaku Peranchis]]|[[Jaku Sepanyol]]}} * '''Ke suba dikena:''' * {{Hlist|[[Jaku Yiddish]]|[[Jaku Judah-Sepanyol|Ladino]]|[[Jaku Judah-Arab]]|[[Jaku-jaku orang Judah|ke bukai]]}} * '''Jaku tuchi:''' * {{Hlist|[[Jaku Hebrew Bup Kudus]]|[[Jaku Aram Bup Kudus]]|[[Jaku Aram Talmud]]}} }} | religions = Majoriti: {{Ubl| [[Pengarap Judah]] |Minoriti:<br/> Nadai bepengarap,<ref>{{Cite news |title=New Poll Shows Atheism on Rise, With Jews Found to Be Least Religious |language=en |work=Haaretz |url=https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/2012-08-20/ty-article/jews-least-observant-intl-poll-finds/0000017f-e2b6-d7b2-a77f-e3b7be450000 |url-status=live |access-date=25 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180719095822/https://www.haaretz.com/jewish/jews-least-observant-int-l-poll-finds-1.5287579 |archive-date=19 July 2018}}</ref> [[Kristian]]}} | related-c = {{Plainlist| * [[Samarita]],<ref>{{Cite book |title=Genes, Polymorphisms and the Making of Societies: How Genetic Behavioral Traits Influence Human Cultures |last=Kiaris|first= Hippokratis|publisher=Universal Publishers|year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61233-093-8 |page=21}}</ref><ref name="evolutsioon" /><ref name=DigitalSamaritans>{{Cite book |title=Digital Samaritans: Rhetorical Delivery and Engagement in the Digital Humanities |last=Ridolfo |first=Jim |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0-472-07280-4 |page=69}}</ref> [[Arab]],<ref name="evolutsioon">{{Cite journal |last1=Shen |first1=Peidong |last2=Lavi |first2=Tal |last3=Kivisild |first3=Toomas |last4=Chou |first4=Vivian |last5=Sengun |first5=Deniz |last6=Gefel |first6=Dov |last7=Shpirer |first7=Issac |last8=Woolf |first8=Eilon |last9=Hillel |first9=Jossi |last10=Feldman |first10=Marcus W. |last11=Oefner |first11=Peter J. |title=Reconstruction of patrilineages and matrilineages of Samaritans and other Israeli populations from Y-Chromosome and mitochondrial DNA sequence Variation |journal=Human Mutation |date=September 2004 |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=248–260 |doi=10.1002/humu.20077 |pmid=15300852 |s2cid=1571356 | issn = 1059-7794 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Studies Show Jews' Genetic Similarity|first= Nicholas|last= Wade|date=9 June 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/10/science/10jews.html |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Nebel |first1=Almut |last2=Filon |first2=Dvora |last3=Weiss |first3=Deborah A. |last4=Weale |first4=Michael |last5=Faerman |first5=Marina |last6=Oppenheim |first6=Ariella |last7=Thomas |first7=Mark G. |title=High-resolution Y chromosome haplotypes of Israeli and Palestinian Arabs reveal geographic substructure and substantial overlap with haplotypes of Jews |journal=Human Genetics |date=December 2000 |volume=107 |issue=6 |pages=630–641 |doi=10.1007/s004390000426 |pmid=11153918 |s2cid=8136092 }}</ref><ref name="sciencedaily">{{Cite web |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2000/05/000509003653.htm |title=Jews Are the Genetic Brothers of Palestinians, Syrians, and Lebanese |publisher=Sciencedaily.com |date=9 May 2000 |access-date=12 April 2013}}</ref> [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]],<ref name="Abraham 2010">{{Cite journal |last1=Atzmon |first1=Gil |last2=Hao |first2=Li |last3=Pe'er |first3=Itsik |last4=Velez |first4=Christopher |last5=Pearlman |first5=Alexander |last6=Palamara |first6=Pier Francesco |last7=Morrow |first7=Bernice |last8=Friedman |first8=Eitan |last9=Oddoux |first9=Carole |last10=Burns |first10=Edward |last11=Ostrer |first11=Harry |title=Abraham's Children in the Genome Era: Major Jewish Diaspora Populations Comprise Distinct Genetic Clusters with Shared Middle Eastern Ancestry |journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics |date=June 2010 |volume=86 |issue=6 |pages=850–859 |doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.04.015 |pmid=20560205 |pmc=3032072 }}</ref> enggau [[Pansik genetik bansa Judah|ke bukai]] }} }} {{Contains special characters|Hebrew}}'''Orang Judah''' ({{Lang-he|{{Script/Hebr|יְהוּדִים}}}}, {{Small|[[ISO 259#ISO 259-2|ISO 259-2]]:}} {{Transliteration|he|''Yehudim''}}, {{Small|[[Modern Hebrew|Israeli pronunciation]]:}} {{IPA|he|jehuˈdim|}}) tauka '''bansa Judah''' nya siti raban bansa etno-pengarap<ref name="Jews-are-ethnoreligious-group" /> sereta bansa<ref>*{{Cite book |author=M. Nicholson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvI8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |title=International Relations: A Concise Introduction |publisher=NYU Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8147-5822-9 |pages=19–}} "The Jews are a nation and were so before there was a Jewish state of Israel" *{{Cite book |author=Jacob Neusner |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoju0000neus |title=An Introduction to Judaism: A Textbook and Reader |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |year=1991 |isbn=978-0-664-25348-6 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/introductiontoju0000neus/page/375 375]– |url-access=registration}} "That there is a Jewish nation can hardly be denied after the creation of the State of Israel" *{{Cite book |author=Alan Dowty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL8r4U1FKSQC&pg=PA3 |title=The Jewish State: A Century Later, Updated With a New Preface |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-520-92706-3 |pages=3–}} "Jews are a people, a nation (in the original sense of the word), an ethnos" *{{Cite web|url=https://louisville.edu/law/library/special-collections/the-louis-d.-brandeis-collection/the-jewish-problem-how-to-solve-it-by-louis-d.-brandeis|title=The Jewish Problem: How To Solve It|first=Louis|last=Brandeis|author-link=Louis Brandeis|date=25 April 1915|publisher=University of Louisville School of Law|access-date=2 April 2012|quote=Jews are a distinctive nationality of which every Jew, whatever his country, his station or shade of belief, is necessarily a member}} *{{Cite book|last1=Palmer|first1=Edward Henry|author-link1=Edward Henry Palmer|title=A History of the Jewish Nation: From the Earliest Times to the Present Day|url=https://archive.org/details/historyofjewishn00palm|access-date=2 April 2012|year= 2002|orig-year=First published 1874|publisher=Gorgias Press|isbn=978-1-931956-69-7|oclc=51578088}}</ref> bepun ari orang Israel di Timur Semak kelia,<ref>*{{Cite book |author=Facts On File, Incorporated |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA337 |title=Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East |publisher=Infobase Publishing |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-4381-2676-0 |pages=337–}}"The people of the Kingdom of Israel and the ethnic and religious group known as the Jewish people that descended from them have been subjected to a number of forced migrations in their history" *{{Cite book |last=Spielvogel |first=Jackson J. |title=Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500 |publisher=Wadsworth Publishing |year=2008 |isbn=9780495502883 |pages=36 |quote=The people of Judah survived, eventually becoming known as the Jews and giving their name to Judaism, the religion of Yahweh, the Israelite God.}} *{{Cite book |author=Raymond P. Scheindlin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bfsuicMmrE0C&pg=PA1 |title=A Short History of the Jewish People: From Legendary Times to Modern Statehood |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-19-513941-9 |pages=1–}} Israelite origins and kingdom: "The first act in the long drama of Jewish history is the age of the Israelites" *{{Cite book |last=Cline |first=Eric H. |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/54913803 |title=Jerusalem Besieged: From Ancient Canaan to Modern Israel |publisher=[[University of Michigan Press]] |year=2004 |isbn=0-472-11313-5 |location=Ann Arbor |pages=33 |oclc=54913803 |quote=Few would seriously challenge the belief that most modern Jews are descended from the ancient Hebrews |author-link=Eric H. Cline}} *{{Cite book |author=Harry Ostrer MD |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RayZR3V1SFwC&pg=PT26 |title=Legacy: A Genetic History of the Jewish People |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-19-997638-6 |pages=19–22}}</ref> lalu pengarap asal iya nya [[pengarap Judah]].<ref name="Britannica">{{Cite web |title=Jew &#124; History, Beliefs, & Facts |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jew-people |access-date=20 August 2022 |website=Britannica |language=en |quote= any person whose religion is Judaism. In the broader sense of the term, a Jew is any person belonging to the worldwide group that constitutes, through descent or conversion, a continuation of the ancient Jewish people, who were themselves descendants of the Hebrews of the Bible (Old Testament). |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901033920/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Jew-people |archive-date= 1 September 2022 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/jew |title=Jew |publisher=Cambridge Dictionary |quote="a member of a people whose traditional religion is Judaism" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706024026/https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/jew |archive-date= 6 July 2021 }}<br />{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/jew |title=Jew |publisher=Oxford Dictionary |quote="a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who come from the ancient Hebrew people of Israel; a person who believes in and practises Judaism" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213075948/https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/jew |archive-date= 13 February 2023 }}<br />{{Cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/jew |title=Jew |publisher=Collins |quote="a person whose religion is Judaism", "a member of the Semitic people who claim descent from the ancient Hebrew people of Israel, are spread throughout the world, and are linked by cultural or religious ties" |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722022904/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/jew |archive-date= 22 July 2023 }}</ref> Etnik, pengarap, enggau komuniti orang Judah amat bekaul enggau pangan diri,<ref name="Lederhendler20012">{{Cite book |author=Eli Lederhendler |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1wvahJv83AgC&pg=PA101 |title=Studies in Contemporary Jewry: Volume XVII: Who Owns Judaism? Public Religion and Private Faith in America and Israel |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-19-534896-5 |pages=101–}} "Historically, the religious and ethnic dimensions of Jewish identity have been closely interwoven. In fact, so closely bound are they, that the traditional Jewish lexicon hardly distinguishes between the two concepts. Jewish religious practice, by definition, was observed exclusively by the Jewish people, and notions of Jewish peoplehood, nation, and community were suffused with faith in the Jewish God, the practice of Jewish (religious) law and the study of ancient religious texts"</ref><ref name="Yee20052">{{Cite book |author=Tet-Lim N. Yee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x4OwXhMOn5cC&pg=PA102 |title=Jews, Gentiles and Ethnic Reconciliation: Paul's Jewish identity and Ephesians |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-139-44411-8 |pages=102–}} "This identification in the Jewish attitude between the ethnic group and religious identity is so close that the reception into this religion of members not belonging to its ethnic group has become impossible."</ref> ketegal pengarap Judah nya pengarap raban bansa,<ref name="Nicholson20022">{{Cite book |author=M. Nicholson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HvI8DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA19 |title=International Relations: A Concise Introduction |publisher=NYU Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-0-8147-5822-9 |pages=19–}} "The Jews are a nation and were so before there was a Jewish state of Israel"</ref><ref name="Dowty19982">{{Cite book |author=Alan Dowty |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vL8r4U1FKSQC&pg=PA3 |title=The Jewish State: A Century Later, Updated With a New Preface |publisher=University of California Press |year=1998 |isbn=978-0-520-92706-3 |pages=3–}} "Jews are a people, a nation (in the original sense of the word), an ethnos"</ref> taja enda semua orang Judah megai pengarap tu.<ref name="KrauszTulea2">{{Cite book |author1=Ernest Krausz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dnxv-Mlz0JIC&pg=PA90 |title=Jewish Survival: The Identity Problem at the Close of the Twentieth Century; &#91;... International Workshop at Bar-Ilan University on the 18th and 19th of March, 1997&#93; |author2=Gitta Tulea |publisher=Transaction Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=978-1-4128-2689-1 |pages=90–}} "A person born Jewish who refutes Judaism may continue to assert a Jewish identity, and if he or she does not convert to another religion, even religious Jews will recognize the person as a Jew"</ref><ref name="Pew">{{Cite web |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=1 October 2013 |title=A Portrait of Jewish Americans |url=https://www.pewforum.org/2013/10/01/jewish-american-beliefs-attitudes-culture-survey/ |website=Pew Research Center |quote=But the survey also suggests that Jewish identity is changing in America, where one-in-five Jews (22%) now describe themselves as having no religion.}}</ref> Taja pia, orang Judah ke bepengarap ngumbai individu ke udah tama pengarap Judah enggau formal nyadi sebagi ari komuniti.<ref name="KrauszTulea2" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - Religions - Judaism: Converting to Judaism |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/beliefs/conversion.shtml |access-date=29 September 2023 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Kereban sanding == <references /> == Nota == mzxl6vfqbjcaoy8dva1dvxaugug1as7 0 2590 19834 14501 2026-09-22T04:04:16Z Song GK 9 /* Leka jaku */ 19834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Jaku Melayu Negeri Sembilan | nativename = {{lang|zmi|Baso Nogoghi}} | altname = {{lang|ms|Bahasa Melayu Negeri Sembilan}}<br/>بهاس ملايو نݢري سمبيلن | states = [[Malaysia]] | region = [[Negeri Sembilan]], northern [[Malacca]] ([[Alor Gajah District|Alor Gajah]] and [[Jasin District|Jasin Districts]]) and northern [[Johor]] ([[Segamat District]]) | ethnicity = | speakers = 508,000 (ethnic population) | date = 2004 | ref = e22 | familycolor = Austronesia | fam2 = [[Jaku-jaku Melayu-Polinesia|Melayu-Polinesia]] | fam3 = [[Jaku-jaku Melayik|Melayik]] | iso3 = zmi | pronunciation = {{IPA-ms|basɔ nɔgɔɣi|}} }} '''Jaku Melayu Negeri Sembilan''' (''Baso Nogoghi'' tauka ''Baso Nismilan''; [[Jaku Melayu]]: ''Bahasa Melayu Negeri Sembilan''; [[Urup Jawi|Jawi]]: بهاس ملايو نڬري سمبيلن) nya siti ari [[Jaku-jaku Austronesia|jaku Austronesia]] ti mayuh dikena ba [[Negeri Sembilan]], sereta mega Alor Gajah enggau bagi ari Pelilih Menua Jasin ba utara [[Melaka]], pia mega bagi ari Pelilih Menua Segamat ba bagi pemadu utara negeri [[Johor]]. Jaku tu dikena peranak bansa [[Minangkabau]] ari [[Sumatera]], ke udah mindah ke Negeri Sembilan kenyau pun abad-14.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Rahilah Omar |author2=Nelmawarni |year=2008 |title=Negeri Sembilan: Rantau Minangkabau di Semenanjung Tanah Melayu |url=https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/historia/article/view/12169/7281 |journal=Historia: Journal of Historical Studies |language=ms |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=2–30}}</ref> Jaku tu suah dikumbai varian tauka dialek [[jaku Minangkabau]]; tang nitihka pansik leksikal enggau fonologi nunjukka iya rat agi bekaul enggau jaku Melayu Standard ari jaku Minangkabau.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |author=Reniwati |year=2012 |title=Bahasa Minangkabau dan Dialek Negeri Sembilan: Satu Tinjauan Perbandingan Linguistik Historis Komparatif |url=http://wacanaetnik.fib.unand.ac.id/index.php/wacanaetnik/article/view/30/32 |journal=Wacana Etnik: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora |language=id |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=71–86}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |author=Idris Aman |author2=Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar |author3=Norsimah Mat Awal |year=2019 |title=Language and Identity: A Reappraisal of Negeri Sembilan Malay Language |url=http://web.usm.my/km/37(1)2019/km37012019_2.pdf |journal=Kajian Malaysia |volume=37 |issue=1 |pages=27–49 |doi=10.21315/km2019.37.1.2}}</ref> == Sejarah == [[Minangkabau|Bansa Minangkabau]] berengkah mindah ari tanah tinggi Sumatera ngagai Semenanjung Tanah Melayu dalam abad ke-14.<ref name=":0" /> Migration skyrocketed from the 15th century to the 16th century.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=24 April 2021 |title=Sejarah Awal Pemerintahan Negeri Sembilan |url=https://www.ns.gov.my/kerajaan/info-negeri/sejarah-penubuhan |access-date=24 April 2021 |website=Portal Rasmi Kerajaan Negeri Sembilan |language=ms}}</ref> Penyampau orang ke mindah kin majak niki ari abad ke-15 ngagai abad ke-16. Maya nya, pengawa dagang ba [[Selat Melaka]] majak niki lalu mayuh orang ke datai ari menua bukai diberi lindung ari [[Kesultanan Melayu Melaka|Kesultanan Melaka]]. Ari palan penyangkai kapal Melaka, raban enggau raban penetap Minangkabau berengkah bejalai ke dalam menua. Tu meh gelumbang pemindah keterubah bansa Minangkabau ngagai Melaka. Tebal agi raban Minangkabau ke pindah nya ari Luhak Tanah Datar enggau Luhak Lima Puluh Kota.<ref name=":2">{{Citation |author=Mestika Zed |title=Hubungan Minangkabau Dengan Negeri Sembilan |url=http://repository.unp.ac.id/1681/1/MESTIKA%20ZED_201_10.pdf |year=2010 |type=Working Paper |publisher=FIS Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang |language=id |mode=cs1}}</ref> Gelumbang pemindah keterubah tu ngujungka mukim baru dibuka. Penyampau orang ke diau ba pedalaman berengkah nambah ketegal peniki orang ke datai ari menua bukai lalu orang ke datai ari menua bukai nya mansang nyadi raban komuniti sida empu. Raban tu ngujungka 12 bengkah raban suku nyadi ari sukut rama. Bebida enggau di Sumatra, pengawa meri nama ngagai raban bansa digaga bepelasarka asal penatai orang ke mindah kin kitu.<ref name=":2" /> Orang ke datai ari Lima Puluh Kota numbuhka raban bansa: * Payakumbuh (Payo Kumbuh/Payokumbuah) * Batu Hampar (Tompa) * Mungkal (Mungka) * Seri Melenggang (Somolenggang/Simalanggang) * Seri Lemak (Solomak/Sarilamak) * Tiga Nenek (Tigo Nenek/Tigo Niniak) * Batu Belang (Batu Bolang) * Tiga Batu (Tigo Batu/Tigo Batua Situjuah) Berebak enggau nya, bala ke pindah ari Tanah Datar numbuhka raban bansa Tanah Datar. Bala migran tu mega numbuhka tiga bengkah raban bansa bukai ti asil ari pengawa jadi melaki bini enggau komuniti ti udah ngentapka diri endur bala migran Tanah Datar ti disebut tadi mindah. Suku nya: * Anak Acheh * Anak Melaka (Anak Melako) * Biduanda (Biduando/Dondo) == Fonologi == === Banding enggau Jaku Melayu Standard === ==== Vokal ==== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Atur korespondens '''(SM ≙ NSM)''' ! colspan="2" |Jaku Melayu Standard !Jaku Melayu Negeri Sembilan !Jaku Iban |- |Final /a/ | rowspan="4" |≙ | rowspan="4" |Half-low back /ɔ/ |{{Lang|zsm|apa}} |/apa/ |[apɔ] |'nama' |- |Initial /o/ |{{Lang|zsm|orang}} |/oraŋ/ |[ɔɣaŋ] |'orang' |- |Initial open syllable /ə/ |{{Lang|zsm|beras}} |/bəras/ |[bɔɣɛh] |'berau' |- |/u/ in final /uh/ |{{Lang|zsm|bunuh}} |/bunuh/ |[bunɔh] |'bunuh' |- |Close ended final /a/ | rowspan="2" |≙ | rowspan="2" |Half-low front /ɛ/ |{{Lang|zsm|cepat}} |/t͡ʃəpat/ |[cɔpɛʔ] |'jampat' |- |/i/ in final /ih/ |{{Lang|zsm|benih}} |/bənih/ |[bɔnɛh] |'benih' |- |/u/ in final /ut/ | rowspan="2" |≙ | rowspan="2" |Half-high back /o/ |{{Lang|zsm|rambut}} |/rambut/ |[ɣambot] |'buk' |- |/u/ in final /uŋ/ |{{Lang|zsm|kampung}} |/kampuŋ/ |[kampoŋ] |'kampung' |- |/i/ in final /ir/ | rowspan="3" |≙ | rowspan="3" |Half-high front /e/ |{{Lang|zsm|bibir}} |/bibir/ |[bibe] |'mulut' |- |/i/ in final /it/ |{{Lang|zsm|bukit}} |/bukit/ |[buket] |'bukit' |- |/i/ in final /iŋ/ |{{Lang|zsm|anjing}} |/aɲd͡ʒiŋ/ |[aɲd͡ʒeŋ] |'uduk' |} ==== Konsonan ==== {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="3" |Atur korespondens '''(SM ≙ NSM)''' ! colspan="2" |Jaku Melayu Standard !Jaku Melayu Negeri Sembilan !Jaku Iban |- |Initial /r/ |≙ |Voiced palatal fricative /ɣ/ |{{Lang|zsm|ramai}} |/ramai/ |[ɣamaj] |'rami' |- |/r/ at the end of words | rowspan="2" |≙ | rowspan="2" |Omitted |{{Lang|zsm|air}} |/air/ |[ae] |'ai' |- |Initial /h/ |{{Lang|zsm|hidung}} |/hiduŋ/ |[idoŋ] |'idung' |- |/t/ in final /at/ |≙ |Glottal plosive /ʔ/ |{{Lang|zsm|bulat}} |/bulat/ |[bulɛʔ] |'segala' |- |/s/ in final /as/ | rowspan="2" |≙ | rowspan="2" |Sibilant fricative /h/ |{{Lang|zsm|lekas}} |/ləkas/ |[lɔkɛh] |'lengkas' |- |/s/ in final /is/ |{{Lang|zsm|nipis}} |/nipis/ |[nipih] |'nipau' |- |/s/ in final /us/ |≙ |Consonant cluster /ʲh/ |{{Lang|zsm|rebus}} |/rəbus/ |[ɣɔbuʲh]~[ɣɔbʉh] |'ngelumai' |} == Leka jaku == Nitihka Reniwati (2012), Negeri Sembilan Malay ngembuan penyama leksikal 94.74% enggau jaku Melayu Standard lalu penyama leksikal 83.16% enggau jaku Minangkabau. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Banding leka jaku ! !Jaku Melayu Standard !Jaku Minangkabau Standard !Jaku Melayu Negeri Sembilan (enggau salin jaku Iban) |- |1 |{{Lang|zsm|Semua}} |{{Lang|min|Sado}} |{{Lang|zmi|Somuwo/Sumo}} (semua) |- |2 |{{Lang|zsm|Abu}} |{{Lang|min|Abu}} |{{Lang|zmi|Abu}} (abus) |- |3 |{{Lang|zsm|Kulit Kayu}} |{{Lang|min|Kulik Kayu}} |{{Lang|zmi|Kulet Pokok}} (kulit kayu) |- |4 |{{Lang|zsm|Perut}} |{{Lang|min|Paruik}} |{{Lang|zmi|Poghut}} (perut) |- |5 |{{Lang|zsm|Besar}} |{{Lang|min|Gadang/Basa}} |{{Lang|zmi|Godang/Bosa}} (besai) |- |6 |{{Lang|zsm|Burung}} |{{Lang|min|Buruang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Bughong}} (burung) |- |7 |{{Lang|zsm|Gigit}} |{{Lang|min|Gigik}} |{{Lang|zmi|Giget}} (ketup) |- |8 |{{Lang|zsm|Hitam}} |{{Lang|min|Itam}} |{{Lang|zmi|Itam}} (chelum) |- |9 |{{Lang|zsm|Darah}} |{{Lang|min|Darah}} |{{Lang|zmi|Daghah}} (darah) |- |10 |{{Lang|zsm|Tulang}} |{{Lang|min|Tulang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tulang}} (tulang) |- |11 |{{Lang|zsm|Tetek/Susu}} |{{Lang|min|Susu}} |{{Lang|zmi|Susu}} (tusu) |- |12 |{{Lang|zsm|Bakar}} |{{Lang|min|Baka}} |{{Lang|zmi|Baka/Bako}} (tunu) |- |13 |{{Lang|zsm|Kuku}} |{{Lang|min|Kuku}} |{{Lang|zmi|Kuku}} (kukut) |- |14 |{{Lang|zsm|Awan}} |{{Lang|min|Awan}} |{{Lang|zmi|Awan}} (remang) |- |15 |{{Lang|zsm|Sejuk/Dingin}} |{{Lang|min|Sajuak/Dingin}} |{{Lang|zmi|Sojuk}} (chelap) |- |16 |{{Lang|zsm|Datang}} |{{Lang|min|Datang/Tibo}} |{{Lang|zmi|Datang/Tibo}} (datai) |- |17 |{{Lang|zsm|Mati}} |{{Lang|min|Mati}} |{{Lang|zmi|Mati/Mampuih}} (mati) |- |18 |{{Lang|zsm|Anjing}} |{{Lang|min|Anjiang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Anjeng}} (uduk/ukui) |- |19 |{{Lang|zsm|Minum}} |{{Lang|min|Minum}} |{{Lang|zmi|Minom/Minam}} (irup) |- |20 |{{Lang|zsm|Kering}} |{{Lang|min|Kariang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Koghing}} (rangkai) |- |21 |{{Lang|zsm|Telinga}} |{{Lang|min|Talingo}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tolingo}} (pending) |- |22 |{{Lang|zsm|Tanah}} |{{Lang|min|Tanah}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tanah}} (tanah) |- |23 |{{Lang|zsm|Makan}} |{{Lang|min|Makan}} |{{Lang|zmi|Makan}} (makai) |- |24 |{{Lang|zsm|Telur}} |{{Lang|min|Talua}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tolo}} (telu) |- |25 |{{Lang|zsm|Mata}} |{{Lang|min|Mato}} |{{Lang|zmi|Mato}} (mata) |- |26 |{{Lang|zsm|Lemak/Gemuk}} |{{Lang|min|Gomok}} |{{Lang|zmi|Gomuk}} (gemu) |- |27 |{{Lang|zsm|Bulu}} |{{Lang|min|Bulu}} |{{Lang|zmi|Bulu}} (bulu) |- |28 |{{Lang|zsm|Api}} |{{Lang|min|Api}} |{{Lang|zmi|Api}} (api) |- |29 |{{Lang|zsm|Ikan}} |{{Lang|min|Lauak/Ikan}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ikan}} (ikan) |- |30 |{{Lang|zsm|Terbang}} |{{Lang|min|Tabang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Toghobang}} (terebai) |- |31 |{{Lang|zsm|Penuh}} |{{Lang|min|Panuah}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ponuh}} (penuh) |- |32 |{{Lang|zsm|Kaki}} |{{Lang|min|Kaki}} |{{Lang|zmi|Kaki}} (kaki) |- |33 |{{Lang|zsm|Beri}} |{{Lang|min|Agiah/Bari}} |{{Lang|zmi|Boghi/momboghi}} (beri) |- |34 |{{Lang|zsm|Baik}} |{{Lang|min|Elok/Baiak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Elok/Baek/baguih}} (manah) |- |35 |{{Lang|zsm|Hijau}} |{{Lang|min|Ijau}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ijau}} (ijau/gadung) |- |36 |{{Lang|zsm|Rambut}} |{{Lang|min|Rambuik}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ghambut}} (buk) |- |37 |{{Lang|zsm|Tangan}} |{{Lang|min|Tangan}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tangan}} (jari) |- |38 |{{Lang|zsm|Kepala}} |{{Lang|min|Kapalo}} |{{Lang|zmi|Kopalo/Palo}} (pala) |- |39 |{{Lang|zsm|Dengar}} |{{Lang|min|Danga}} |{{Lang|zmi|Donga}} (dinga) |- |40 |{{Lang|zsm|Jantung}} |{{Lang|min|Jantuang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Jantong}} (jantung) |- |41 |{{Lang|zsm|Tanduk}} |{{Lang|min|Tanduak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tandok}} (tanduk) |- |42 |{{Lang|zsm|Aku/Saya}} |{{Lang|min|Aden/Ambo/Awak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ese/Ayo/Eden/Sey}} (Aku) |- |43 |{{Lang|zsm|Bunuh}} |{{Lang|min|Bunuah}} |{{Lang|zmi|Bunoh}} (bunuh) |- |44 |{{Lang|zsm|Lutut}} |{{Lang|min|Lutuik}} |{{Lang|zmi|Lutut}} (patung) |- |45 |{{Lang|zsm|Tahu}} |{{Lang|min|Tau}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tau}} (nemu) |- |46 |{{Lang|zsm|Daun}} |{{Lang|min|Daun}} |{{Lang|zmi|Daun/Daon}} (daun) |- |47 |{{Lang|zsm|Baring}} |{{Lang|min|Golek}} |{{Lang|zmi|Bagheng}} (gali) |- |48 |{{Lang|zsm|Hati}} |{{Lang|min|Ati}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ati}} (ati) |- |49 |{{Lang|zsm|Panjang}} |{{Lang|min|Panjang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Panjang}} (panjai) |- |50 |{{Lang|zsm|Kutu}} |{{Lang|min|Kutu}} |{{Lang|zmi|Kutu}} (kutu) |- |51 |{{Lang|zsm|Lelaki}} |{{Lang|min|Laki-laki}} |{{Lang|zmi|Lolaki}} (laki) |- |52 |{{Lang|zsm|Banyak}} |{{Lang|min|Banyak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Banyak}} (mayuh) |- |53 |{{Lang|zsm|Daging}} |{{Lang|min|Dagiang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Dageng}} (dagin) |- |54 |{{Lang|zsm|Bulan}} |{{Lang|min|Bulan}} |{{Lang|zmi|Bulan}} (bulan) |- |55 |{{Lang|zsm|Gunung}} |{{Lang|min|Gunuang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Gunong}} (bukit) |- |56 |{{Lang|zsm|Mulut}} |{{Lang|min|Muncuang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Mulot}} (nyawa) |- |57 |{{Lang|zsm|Nama}} |{{Lang|min|Namo}} |{{Lang|zmi|Namo}} (nama) |- |58 |{{Lang|zsm|Leher}} |{{Lang|min|Lihia}} |{{Lang|zmi|Lehe}} (pegu) |- |59 |{{Lang|zsm|Baru/Baharu}} |{{Lang|min|Baru}} |{{Lang|zmi|Baghu}} (baru) |- |60 |{{Lang|zsm|Malam}} |{{Lang|min|Malam}} |{{Lang|zmi|Malam}} (malam) |- |61 |{{Lang|zsm|Hidung}} |{{Lang|min|Iduang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Idung}} (idung) |- |62 |{{Lang|zsm|Tidak}} |{{Lang|min|Indak/ndak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tidak/tak}} (enda) |- |63 |{{Lang|zsm|Satu}} |{{Lang|min|Ciek}} |{{Lang|zmi|Satu}} (sa) |- |64 |{{Lang|zsm|Orang}} |{{Lang|min|Urang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ughang}} (orang) |- |65 |{{Lang|zsm|Hujan}} |{{Lang|min|Ujan}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ujan}} (ujan) |- |66 |{{Lang|zsm|Merah}} |{{Lang|min|Sirah}} |{{Lang|zmi|Meghah}} (mirah) |- |67 |{{Lang|zsm|Jalan}} |{{Lang|min|Jalan}} |{{Lang|zmi|Jalan}} (jalai) |- |68 |{{Lang|zsm|Urat}} |{{Lang|min|Urek}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ughek}} (urat) |- |69 |{{Lang|zsm|Bulat}} |{{Lang|min|Bulek}} |{{Lang|zmi|Bulek}} (segala) |- |70 |{{Lang|zsm|Pasir}} |{{Lang|min|Pasia/Kasiak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Pase}} (pasir) |- |71 |{{Lang|zsm|Sebut/Cakap}} |{{Lang|min|Sabuik}} |{{Lang|zmi|Sobut}} (sebut) |- |72 |{{Lang|zsm|Lihat}} |{{Lang|min|Liek}} |{{Lang|zmi|Nengok}} (peda) |- |73 |{{Lang|zsm|Biji}} |{{Lang|min|Incek}} |{{Lang|zmi|Biji}} (igi) |- |74 |{{Lang|zsm|Duduk}} |{{Lang|min|Duduak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Dudok}} (duduk) |- |75 |{{Lang|zsm|Kulit}} |{{Lang|min|Kulik/Jangek}} |{{Lang|zmi|Kulet}} (kulit) |- |76 |{{Lang|zsm|Tidur}} |{{Lang|min|Lalok}} |{{Lang|zmi|Tido/Lolap}} (tinduk) |- |77 |{{Lang|zsm|Asap}} |{{Lang|min|Asok}} |{{Lang|zmi|Asap}} (asap) |- |78 |{{Lang|zsm|Diri}} |{{Lang|min|Tagak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Togak}} (bediri) |- |79 |{{Lang|zsm|Bintang}} |{{Lang|min|Bintang}} |{{Lang|zmi|Bintang}} (bintang) |- |80 |{{Lang|zsm|Kecil}} |{{Lang|min|Ketek/Kaciak}} |{{Lang|zmi|Kocik}} (mit) |- |81 |{{Lang|zsm|Batu}} |{{Lang|min|Batu}} |{{Lang|zmi|Batu}} (batu) |- |82 |{{Lang|zsm|Matahari}} |{{Lang|min|Matoari}} |{{Lang|zmi|Matohaghi}} (mata panas) |- |83 |{{Lang|zsm|Ekor}} |{{Lang|min|Ikua}} |{{Lang|zmi|Eko}} (iku) |- |84 |{{Lang|zsm|{be-}renang}} |{{Lang|min|{ba-}ranang}} |{{Lang|zmi|{bo-}ghonang}} (nyemerai) |- |85 |{{Lang|zsm|Itu}} |{{Lang|min|Itu}} |{{Lang|zmi|Itu}} (nya) |- |86 |{{Lang|zsm|Ini}} |{{Lang|min|Iko}} |{{Lang|zmi|Ini}} (tu) |- |87 |{{Lang|zsm|Kamu/Awak/Engkau/Kau}} |{{Lang|min|Awak/Sanak/Kau(perempuan)/Ang(laki-laki)}} |{{Lang|zmi|Awak/Ekau}} (di/nuan) |- |88 |{{Lang|zsm|Lidah}} |{{Lang|min|Lidah}} |{{Lang|zmi|Lidah}} (dilah) |- |89 |{{Lang|zsm|Gigi}} |{{Lang|min|Gigi}} |{{Lang|zmi|Gigi}} (ngeli) |- |90 |{{Lang|zsm|Pohon/Pokok}} |{{Lang|min|Batang Pohon}} |{{Lang|zmi|Pokok}} (kayu) |- |91 |{{Lang|zsm|Dua}} |{{Lang|min|Duo}} |{{Lang|zmi|Duo}} (dua) |- |92 |{{Lang|zsm|{ber-}jalan}} |{{Lang|min|{ba-}jalan}} |{{Lang|min|{bo-}jalan}} ({be-}jalai) |- |93 |{{Lang|zsm|hangat/panas}} |{{Lang|min|Angek}} |{{Lang|min|Paneh}} (angai) |- |94 |{{Lang|zsm|Air}} |{{Lang|min|Aia}} |{{Lang|min|Ae}} (ai) |- |95 |{{Lang|zsm|Kami}} |{{Lang|min|Awak/Kami}} |{{Lang|min|Kami/Kito/Kitoghang}} (kami) |- |96 |{{Lang|zsm|Apa}} |{{Lang|min|A/Apo}} |{{Lang|min|Apo/Mondo}} (nama) |- |97 |{{Lang|zsm|Putih}} |{{Lang|min|Putiah}} |{{Lang|min|Puteh}} (burak) |- |98 |{{Lang|zsm|Siapa}} |{{Lang|min|Sia/Siapo}} |{{Lang|min|Siapo/Sapo}} (sapa) |- |99 |{{Lang|zsm|Perempuan}} |{{Lang|min|Padusi}} |{{Lang|min|Poghompuan}} (indu) |- |100 |{{Lang|zsm|Kuning}} |{{Lang|min|Kuniang}} |{{Lang|min|Kuning}} (kuning) |- |101 |{{Lang|zsm|Saudara}} |{{Lang|min|Dunsanak}} |{{Lang|min|Waghih}} (bakih) |- |102 |{{Lang|zsm|Hari}} |{{Lang|min|Ari}} |{{Lang|min|Aghi}} (hari) |- |103 |{{Lang|zsm|Jatuh}} |{{Lang|min|Balambin}} |{{Lang|min|Bodobin/Tosombam}} (labuh) |- |104 |{{Lang|zsm|Bagaimana}} |{{Lang|min|Bak Apo/Ba'a/Bak Mano}} |{{Lang|min|Camno}} (baka ni) |- |105 |{{Lang|zsm|Pemalas}} |{{Lang|min|Panyagan}} |{{Lang|min|Penyogan/Pomaleh}} (malas) |- |106 |{{Lang|zsm|Mari}} |{{Lang|min|Mari}} |{{Lang|min|Maghi}} (aram) |- |} == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Bacha ke silik agi ==   [[Kategori:Jaku-jaku Melayik|M]] [[Kategori:Jaku ba Malaysia|M]] 1zs2k1sznhtu2h2m93cht4e7dazk4eh 0 2745 19844 10230 2026-09-22T04:24:27Z Song GK 9 /* Malin */ 19844 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox saint | honorific_prefix = [[Sante]] | name = Rasul John | image = Rubens_apostel_johannes_grt.jpg | caption = ''St John'' ari [[Peter Paul Rubens]] (c. 1611) | birth_date = {{circa|6 AD}}<ref name=Theophylact/> | birth_place = [[Bethsaida]], [[Galilee]], [[Empayar Rome]] | death_date = {{circa|100 AD}} (umur 93) | death_place = enda ditemu endur,<ref>{{cite book|first=Garry|last=Wills|title=The Future of the Catholic Church with Pope Francis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8XzAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT49|date=10 March 2015|publisher=Penguin Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-698-15765-1|page=49|quote=(Candida Moss marshals the historical evidence to prove that "we simply don't know how any of the apostles died, much less whether they were martyred.")⁶}} Citing {{cite book|first=Candida|last=Moss|title=The Myth of Persecution: How Early Christians Invented a Story of Martyrdom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=smddSvSxFScC|date=5 March 2013|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=978-0-06-210454-0|page=136}}</ref><ref>{{blockquote|Nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. What we have are legends, about some of the apostles – chiefly Peter, Paul, Thomas, Andrew, and John. But the apocryphal Acts that tell their stories are indeed highly apocryphal.|Bart D. Ehrman|"Were the Disciples Martyred for Believing the Resurrection? A Blast From the Past", ehrmanblog.org}} {{blockquote|title=The big problem with this argument [of who would die for a lie] is that it assumes precisely what we don't know. We don't know how most of the disciples died. The next time someone tells you they were all martyred, ask them how they know. Or better yet, ask them which ancient source they are referring to that says so. The reality is [that] we simply do not have reliable information about what happened to Jesus' disciples after he died. In fact, we scarcely have any information about them while they were still living, nor do we have reliable accounts from later times. What we have are legends.|Bart Ehrman|Emerson Green, "Who Would Die for a Lie?"}}</ref> probably [[Ephesus]], [[Roman Empire]]<ref>{{cite book|quote=Though not in complete agreement, most scholars believe that John died of natural causes in Ephesus|page=391|title=The Encyclopedia of Christian Literature, Volume 2|first1=George Thomas|last1=Kurian|first2=James D.|last2=Smith, III|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=9780810872837|year=2010}}</ref><br /> | titles = [[Dua Belas Iku Rasul|Rasul]] enggau [[John Penginjil|Penginjil]] | feast_day = 27 Disember ([[Roman Katolik]], [[Anglika]])<br />26 September ([[Gerija Ortodoks Timur|Gerija Ortodoks]]) | beatified_date = | venerated_in = Semua denominasyen Kristian ti bebasaka sante | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = Sebedau eklesia | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = Menaul, [[injil]], ular ba piala, periuk | patronage = Penyayau, penaluk, kaul kaban, pemgarang, penyual bup, mansa angus, mansa rachun, orang dagang seni, pengedit, penerbit, penulis, peresa, kaban teologi, [[Asia Minor]], Turki enggau [[Bansa Turk|Turk]],<ref>{{cite book|title=A Gift of Angels: The Art of Mission San Xavier Del Bac|first=Edward|last= McCain|year=2010| isbn=9780816528400| page =138|publisher=University of Arizona Press|quote=Saint John the Evangelist is patron of miners (in Carinthia), Turkey (Asia Minor), sculptors, art dealers, bookbinders ...}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Drinking with Your Patron Saints: The Sinner's Guide to Honoring Namesakes and Protectors|first=Michael |last=P. Foley|year=2020| isbn=9781684510474| page =150|publisher=Simon and Schuster|quote=John is a patron saint of Asia Minor and Turkey and Turks because of his missionary work there.}}</ref><ref name="M. Limberis 2011 164">{{cite book|title=Architects of Piety: The Cappadocian Fathers and the Cult of the Martyrs|first=Vasiliki |last=M. Limberis|year=2011| isbn=9780190208684| page =164|publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref> against [[jealousy]] and [[envy]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://stmichael.catholic.sg/faith-formation/on-envy/#:~:text=A%20way%20out%20and%20a,against%20Jealousy%2C%20pray%20for%20us!|title= On Envy|author=Brian Bartholomew Tan|publisher=Church of Saint Michael|access-date=2023-09-13}}</ref> | major_shrine = | suppressed_date = | issues = | prayer = | prayer_attrib = | influences = [[Jesus]] | influenced = [[Ignatius ari Antiok]], [[Polycarp]], [[Papias ari Hierapolis]], ''[[Odes ari Solomon]]'' <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/27900527.pdf |journal=The Monist|jstor=27900527 |title=The Disciples of John and the Odes of Solomon |last1=Smith |first1=Preserved |year=1915 |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=161–199 |doi=10.5840/monist191525235 }}</ref> }} '''Rasul John'''<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Saint-John-the-Apostle| date = 2021 | author1= Henry Chadwick |title=Saint John the Apostle| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> ({{langx|grc|Ἰωάννης}}; {{langx|la|Ioannes}}<ref>Also {{citation needed span|{{langx|arc|ܝܘܚܢܢ ܫܠܝܚܐ}}, {{transliteration|arc|Yohanān Shliḥā}}; {{langx|he|יוחנן בן זבדי}}, {{transliteration|he|Yohanan ben Zavdi}}; {{langx|cop|ⲓⲱⲁⲛⲛⲏⲥ}} tauka {{lang|cop|ⲓⲱ̅ⲁ}}; {{lang|hy|Հովհաննես}}|date=June 2021}}</ref> {{nowrap|{{circa|6 AD}} – {{circa|100 AD}}}}; [[Geʽez|Ge'ez]]: ዮሐንስ;), mega dikelala enggau nama '''Sante John ti Dikesayau''' enggau, nitihka Kristian Ortodoks Timur, '''Sante John Kaban Teologi''',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivanoff |first=Jonathan |title=Life of St. John the Theologian |url=https://www.stjt.org/stjohnlife.html |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=www.stjt.org}}</ref> nya siku ari [[Dua Belas Iku Rasul]] [[Jesus]] nitihka [[Sempekat Baru]]. Iya dirintai nyadi murid ti pemadu biak. Iya anak [[Sibidi]] enggau [[Salome (anak murid)|Salome]]. Abang iya [[Rasul James|James]] mega nyadi siku ari Dua Belas Iku Anak Murid Jesus. [[Apai Gerija]] ngelala iya nyadi [[John Penginjil]], [[John ari Patmos]], [[John Presbiter]], enggau Anak Murid ti Dikesayau Jesus, lalu besaksika iya idup lama agi ari bala rasul ke bukai sereta mina iya midang ketegal sakit tuai, taja bala pakar moden bisi bebagi penemu pasal pengamat dawa tu. [[File:John the Apostle. Detail of the mosaic in the Basilica of San Vitale. Ravena, Italy.jpg|thumb|Rasul John, lukis mosaik ba [[Basilika San Vitale]], [[Ravenna]], abad ke-6]] Rasul John dipechaya nyadi pengarang [[Injil John]], lalu mayuh denominasyen Kristian pechaya iya mega nulis bup-bup bukai dalam Sempekat Baru (tiga surat ari John enggau [[Bup Pemandang]]), bepanggai ba iya dibida, tauka dikelala enggau John Penginjil, John Presbiter enggau John ari Patmos. ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} l6pt7ir877kv9z6o7ol7dq6prf7a993 0 3030 19837 10705 2026-09-22T04:07:55Z Song GK 9 /* Penyanding */ 19837 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Tijuana | official_name = | nickname = Pintu tama ngagai Mexico | motto = {{lang|es|Aquí empieza la patria}} ("Menua berengkah ditu") | image_skyline = {{multiple image | caption_align = center | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | perrow = 1/3/2/1 | image1 = Tijuana_skyline.jpg | caption1 = Begunan ba Tijuana | image2 = Tijuana-welcome.jpg | caption2 = Monument Arco | image3 = Catedral de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe 2012-12-15 19-46-14.jpg | caption3 = Katedral Tijuana | image4 = Blvd.Aguacaliente_(cropped).JPG | caption4 = [[Hotel Besai Tijuana]] | image5 = El_Cecut.jpg | caption5 = [[Pusat Budaya Tijuana]] | image6 = Playas_de_Tijuana_(cropped).jpg | caption6 = [[Playas de Tijuana]] | image7 = Aguacaliente_skyscrapers4_(cropped).JPG | caption7 = Panoramic view of Tijuana | color = white }} | image_caption = | settlement_type = Nengeri | image_flag = Bandera de Tijuana, Mexico.svg | image_seal = | image_shield = Escudo de Tijuana, Baja California.svg | image_map = | mapsize = 150px | map_caption = Endur Tijuana dalam Baja California | pushpin_map = Baja California#Mexico#North America | subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]] | subdivision_name = Mexico | subdivision_type1 = Negeri | subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Baja California}} [[Baja California]] | subdivision_type2 = Kandang mengeri | subdivision_name2 = [[Kandang mengeri Tijuana|Tijuana]] | government_type = [[Ayuntamiento]] | leader_title = [[:es:Ayuntamiento de Tijuana|Mayor]] | leader_name = Ismael Burgueño Ruiz <br />([[Morena (political party)|MORENA]]) | leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager --> | leader_name1 = | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | established_title = Ditumbuhka | established_date = 11 Julai 1889 | established_title2 = | established_date2 = | established_title3 = | established_date3 = | area_magnitude = | unit_pref = | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 637 | area_total_sq_mi = 246 | area_land_km2 = | area_land_sq_mi = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_sq_mi = | area_water_percent = | area_urban_km2 = | area_urban_sq_mi = | area_metro_km2 = 1392.5 | area_metro_sq_mi = 537.9 | population_demonym = Tijuanan <br />(in Spanish) ''Tijuanense''<ref>{{cite web |title=The Tijuanense Identity |url=https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2010/apr/21/yonder-tijuanense-identity/ |url-status=live |date=21 April 2010 |access-date=4 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204070358/https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2010/apr/21/yonder-tijuanense-identity/ |archive-date=4 February 2018}}</ref> | demographics_type1 = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)]] | demographics1_footnotes = | demographics1_title1 = Year | demographics1_info1 = 2023 | demographics1_title2 = Total (Metro) | demographics1_info2 = $61.0&nbsp;billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web |title=TelluBase—Mexico Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series) |url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_mex.pdf |publisher=Tellusant |access-date=2024-01-11}}</ref> | demographics1_title3 = Per capita | demographics1_info3 = $27,600 | population_as_of = 2020 | population_note = | population_footnotes = | population_total = 1810645<ref name="populationstat1">{{cite web |title=SCITEL |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9 |publisher=INEGI |access-date=12 July 2024}}</ref> | population_est = | pop_est_as_of = | population_rank = [[List of North American cities by population|8th]] in North America<br />[[List of cities in Mexico|2nd]] in Mexico | population_metro = 2,157,853<ref name="populationstat1"/> | population_density_km2 = 2832.5 | population_density_sq_mi = auto | population_density_metro_km2 = auto | population_density_metro_sq_mi = auto | population_urban = 2,002,000 (estimated)<ref name="demographia1">{{cite web |title=Demographia World Urban Areas 16th Annual Edition |url=http://demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf |website=Demographia |date=June 2020}}</ref> | timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]] | utc_offset = −8 | timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]] | utc_offset_DST = −7 | coordinates = {{coord|32|31|30|N|117|02|0|W|region:MX-BCN_city(1,900,000)|display=inline,title}} | elevation_m = 20 | elevation_ft = 65 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Mexico|Postal codes]] | postal_code = 22000–22699 | area_code = [[international access code|+]] [[Telephone numbers in Mexico|52]] [[Area code 664/663 (Mexico)|664/663]] | website = [http://www.tijuana.gob.mx www.tijuana.gob.mx] | footnotes = }} '''Tijuana'''{{efn|Pronunciation: {{IPAc-en|t|iː|ˈ|hw|ɑː|n|ə}} {{respell|tee|HWAH|nə}},<ref name="ODO">[https://web.archive.org/web/20190529112041/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Tijuana "Tijuana"] (US) and {{Cite encyclopedia |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Tijuana |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200809113820/https://www.lexico.com/definition/tijuana |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 August 2020 |title=Tijuana |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref><ref name="Collins">{{cite web|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/tijuana|title=Tijuana|work=[[Collins English Dictionary]]|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref> {{IPAc-en|alsoUS|ˌ|t|iː|ə|ˈ|w|ɑː|n|ə}} {{respell|TEE|ə|WAH|nə}}<ref name="Collins"/><ref>{{Cite Merriam-Webster|Tijuana|access-date=29 May 2019}}</ref> – nitihka tukuh Sepanyol lama {{lang|es|Tía Juana}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/sdut-watch-your-mouth-san-diego-2016aug04-story.html|last=Jenkins|first=Logan|title=Watch your mouth in San Diego|work=[[The San Diego Union-Tribune]]|date=4 August 2016|access-date=29 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331135510/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/lifestyle/sdut-watch-your-mouth-san-diego-2016aug04-story.html|archive-date=31 March 2019|url-status=live}}</ref> –, {{IPAc-en|UK|t|ɪ|ˈ|hw|ɑː|n|ə}} {{respell|ti|HWAH|nə}};<ref name="ODO"/><ref name="Collins"/> {{IPA|es|tiˈxwana|lang|Tijuana.ogg}}.}} nya nengeri ke pemadu mayuh mensia ba [[Baja California]], ti bepalan ba barat laut [[Pantai Pasifik Mexico]]. Tijuana nyadi penuduk [[Kandang mengeri Tijuana]] enggau hab kandang mengeri besai Tijuana. Iya ngembuan kandang endur ke semak enggau [[garis entara menua Mexico–Amerika Serikat]] ke nyadi sebagi ari kandang metro [[San Diego–Tijuana]]. Tijuana nyadi mengeri ke-27 pemadu besai di benua [[Amerika]] lalu nyadi mengeri ke pemadu barat di Mexico. Naka taun 2024, penyampau tubuh peranak Tijuana udah nambah ngagai 2,297,000 iku, ti ngayanka penumbuh 1.63% kenyau ari taun 2023. Mengeri tu nyadi penuduk lumur dua pemadu besai ba renggat nasional enggau 1,810,645 iku peranak.<ref>{{Cite web |title=SCITEL |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9 |access-date=2024-07-12 |website=www.inegi.org.mx}}</ref> Kandang metropolitab entarabansa dipelabaka bisi 5,158,459 ba taun 2016,<ref name=wg>{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-223&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-1049427|title=World Gazetteer – San Diego-Tijuana|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071001005330/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-223&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&pt=a&va=&geo=-1049427|archive-date=1 October 2007}}</ref> nyadika iya kandang menua besai ketiga pemadu besai di California Besai, kandang mengeri besai ke-19 pemadu besai di Amerika,<ref name=wga>{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-2&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&va=&pt=a|title=World Gazetteer – Metropolitan Areas of America|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930223100/http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&dat=32&geo=-2&srt=pnan&col=aohdq&va=&pt=a|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> enggau konurbasyen dua menua ti pemadu besai ti dikunsi entara AS enggau Mexico. Tijuana ngiga sejarah moden iya ngagai penatai penjajah [[Empayar Sepanyol|Sepanyol]] ba abad ke-16 ti benung ngaga kar tebing tasik [[Provinsi California|California]]. Berindik ari pengawa bebagi California sepengudah Pengalah California ngagai Amerika Serika, Tijuana nemu diri ba garis entara menua entarabansa, lalu meri pangka ngagai struktur ekonomi enggau politik baru. Mengeri tu dipasukka kena 11 Julai 1889 lebuh pemansang mengeri berengkah. Mengeri tu udah nyadi palan dagang temuai ke besai kenyau ari taun 1880-an. Diatu, Tijuana nyadi palan ngaga barang ti dominan ungkup Amerika Utara, ti nyadi palan perengka guna mayuh kompeni [[korporat multinasional]]. Ba pun kurun ke-21, Tijuana udah nyadi indu nengeri ngaga perengka perubat Amerika Utara lalu majak dikelala nyadi Mekah budaya ke beguna ungkup pelilih garis entara menua ''The Californias''.<ref name="Cultural Mecca1">{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Piore |title=How to Build a Creative City |magazine=Newsweek International |date=2 September 2002}}</ref> The city nyadi mengeri garis entara menua ke pemadu mayuh dilawa di dunya, bekunsi garis entara menua urung {{convert|24|km|mi|abbr=on}} enggau nengeri menyadi iya [[San Diego]]. Lebih lima puluh juta iku orang meraka garis entara menua entara dua buah mengeri tu ninting taun. Taja pan tebilang nyadi palan dagang temuai, Tijuana nyadi palan jenayah, kelebih agi jenayah ganas, ketegal mayuh jenayah ke diatur enggau [[perang dadah Mexico|kartel Mexico]]. Iya seruran ba penuduk entara mengeri ke pemadu ganas nitihka tikas pemunuh. Nitihka [[Statista]] dalam bulan Ogos 2023, Tijuana diatu ngembuan tikas pemunuh kedua pemadu tinggi di dunya.<ref name=":0" /> Pengawa [[Jabatan Negara Amerika Syarikat|Jabatan Menua A.S.]] ngetanka jaku tangkan pejalai naka bulan September 2023 bekaul enggau "kandang endur ukai dagang temuai" mengeri nya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mexico Travel Advisory |url=https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/traveladvisories/traveladvisories/mexico-travel-advisory.html |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=travel.state.gov}}</ref> Insiden ke bekaul enggau pengawa munuh tauka nabanka orang ari menua luar kenyau ari taun 2000-an mega udah ngujungka penakut pejalai sereta ngeruga status Tijuana ba temuai entarabansa.<ref>{{cite web |date=2022-10-12 |title=65% of Southern Californians afraid to visit Tijuana, tourism officials say |url=https://ktla.com/news/65-of-southern-californians-afraid-to-visit-tijuana-tourism-officials-say/ |access-date=2023-09-05 |website=KTLA |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Violence scaring off American tourists in Tijuana |url=http://www.cnn.com/2010/TRAVEL/03/19/Tijuana.mexico.tourism/index.html |publisher=CNN |access-date=2023-09-05}}</ref> ==Kereban sanding== {{reflist}} j6ezidf56f1cr5l4ilkdip6y9ts7hg7 0 4336 19843 14042 2026-09-22T04:20:39Z Song GK 9 19843 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Belarus | common_name = Belarus | native_name = {{ubl|{{native name|be|Рэспубліка Беларусь}}|{{native name|ru|Республика Беларусь}}}} | image_flag = Flag of Belarus.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Belarus (2020).svg | symbol_type = Lambang menua | national_anthem = <br />{{native name|be|Дзяржаўны гімн Рэспублікі Беларусь|nolink=yes}}<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|be|Dziaržaŭny Himn Respubliki Biełaruś}}<br />{{native name|ru|Государственный гимн Республики Беларусь|nolink=yes}}<br />{{transliteration|engvar=gb|be|Gosudarstvennyy gimn Respubliki Belarus}}<br />"[[National anthem of Belarus|State Anthem of the Republic of Belarus]]"{{parabr}}{{center|[[File:Anthem-belarus-2002-instr-standard 2004.ogg]]}} | image_map = {{Switcher|[[File:Europe-Belarus (orthographic projection).svg|frameless]]|Show globe|[[File:Europe-Belarus.svg|upright=1.15|frameless]]|Show map of Europe|default=1}} | map_caption = {{map caption |location_color=green |region=Europe |region_color=dark grey |legend=Location Belarus Europe.png}} | capital = [[Minsk]] | coordinates = {{Coord|53|55|N|27|33|E|type:city(2000000)_region:BY}} | largest_city = capital | official_languages = {{hlist|[[Jaku Belarusia|Belarusia]]|[[Jaku Rusia|Rusia]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://law.by/databank-business/constitution-of-the-republic-of-belarus/| title=Constitution of the Republic of Belarus|quote=Article 17. The Belarusian and Russian languages shall be the official languages of the Republic of Belarus.}}</ref>}} | ethnic_groups = {{unbulleted list | 84.9% [[Bansa Belarusia]] | 7.5% [[Orang Rusia ba Belarus|Rusia]] | 3.1% [[Orang Pol ba Belarus|Pol]] | 1.7% [[Bansa Ukraine|Ukraine]] | 2.8% ke bukai }} | ethnic_groups_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload/iblock/b49/b49a6306ec95b5c2d851e897490581a3.pdf |title=Belarus in figures 2021 |publisher=National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus |year=2021 |access-date=1 July 2021 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload/iblock/b49/b49a6306ec95b5c2d851e897490581a3.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> | religion = {{ublist |item_style=white-space; |{{Tree list}} * 91.0% [[Kristian]] ** 83.3% [[Ortodoks Timur]] ** 7.7% other [[Rintai denominasyen Kristian|Kristian]] {{Tree list/end}} |7.8% [[Nadai pengarap]] |1.2% ke bukai}} | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ggpsurvey.ined.fr/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V4&v=2&previousmode=table&stubs=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V2061&weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V5&V4slice=1&V2061slice=1&analysismode=table&study=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FGGS2020.W1.30&language=en&mode=table&top=yes |title=Generations and Gender Survey, 2020 Belarus Wave 1 |website=ggpsurvey.ined.fr |access-date=25 August 2019 |archive-date=16 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016202502/https://ggpsurvey.ined.fr/webview/index.jsp?headers=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V4&v=2&previousmode=table&stubs=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V2061&weights=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfVariable%2FGGS2020.W1.30_V5&V4slice=1&V2061slice=1&analysismode=table&study=http%3A%2F%2F193.49.36.147%3A80%2Fobj%2FfStudy%2FGGS2020.W1.30&language=en&mode=table&top=yes}}</ref> | demonym = | government_type = Unitary [[semi-presidential republic]] under an [[authoritarian]] dictatorship{{refn| * {{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Belarus |access-date=16 October 2022}} * {{cite book |author=John R. Short |date=25 August 2021 |title=Geopolitics: Making Sense of a Changing World |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-3540-2 |oclc=1249714156 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=xdg7EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA163 163 ff]}} * [[Constitution of Belarus]], 106, 97.5 97.7.}} | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Belarus|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Alexander Lukashenko]]{{efn|Some countries, especially Western nations, [[International reactions to the 2020 Belarusian presidential election and protests|do not recognise]] Lukashenko as the legitimate president of Belarus since the [[2020 Belarusian presidential election]]. However, he continues to have ''[[de facto]]'' control over Belarus, being supported by [[Russia]] and [[China]] and by suppressing internal opposition.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20200923-belarus-leader-lukashenko-holds-secret-inauguration-amid-continuing-protests |title=Belarus leader Lukashenko holds secret inauguration amid continuing protests |website=france24.com |date=23 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-54262953 |title=Belarus: Mass protests after Lukashenko secretly sworn in |work=BBC News |date=23 September 2020 |quote=Several EU countries and the US say they do not recognise Mr. Lukashenko as the legitimate president of Belarus.}}</ref>}} | leader_title2 = [[Menteri Besai Belarus|Menteri Besai]] | leader_name2 = [[Alexander Turchin]] | legislature = [[Aum Nasional Republik Belarus|Aum Nasional]] | upper_house = [[Kunsil Republik (Belarus)|Kunsil Republik]] | lower_house = [[House of Representatives (Belarus)|House of Representatives]] | sovereignty_type = [[Sejarah Belarus|Penumbuh]] | established_event1 = [[Kievan Rus']] | established_date1 = 882 <!--| established_event1 = [[Principality of Polotsk]] | established_date1 = 987 | established_event2 = [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] | established_date2 = 1236-->| established_event3 = [[Belarusian People's Republic]] | established_date3 = 25 Mach 1918 | established_event4 = [[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] | established_date4 = 31 Julai 1920 | established_event5 = [[Dissolution of the Soviet Union|Declaration of Independence]] | established_date5 = 25 Ogos 1991 | established_event6 = Internationally recognised ([[dissolution of the Soviet Union]]) | established_date6 = 26 Disember 1991 | established_event7 = [[Constitution of Belarus|Current constitution]] | established_date7 = 15 Mach 1994 | area_km2 = 207,600<ref name="www.cia.gov">{{Cite CIA World Factbook|country=Belarus|year=2023}}</ref> | area_rank = 84th <!-- Area rank should match [[List of countries and dependencies by area]]--> | area_sq_mi = 80,155 <!--Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | percent_water = 2.26% ({{convert|4.700|km2|abbr=on|disp=or}})<ref name="www.cia.gov"/> | population_estimate = {{DecreaseNeutral}} 9,109,280<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload/iblock/e1d/fw6q0hxkv3wmuqsqthztn49vpszatpj5.pdf |title=Population at the beginning of 2025 |website=belstat.gov.by |access-date=29 March 2025 |archive-date=31 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250331163920/https://www.belstat.gov.by/upload/iblock/e1d/fw6q0hxkv3wmuqsqthztn49vpszatpj5.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_estimate_rank = 98th | population_estimate_year = 2025 | population_density_km2 = 43.9 | population_density_sq_mi = 120.8 <!--Do not remove [[WP:MOSNUM]]--> | GDP_PPP = {{increase}} $322.020 billion<ref name="IMFWEOBY">{{cite web|url=https://data.imf.org/en/Data-Explorer?datasetUrn=IMF.RES:WEO(9.0.0)|title=World Economic Outlook|website=IMF.org|publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]]}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2026 | GDP_PPP_rank = 66th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{increase}} $35,616<ref name="IMFWEOBY"/> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 64th | GDP_nominal = {{increase}} $102.042 billion<ref name="IMFWEOBY"/> | GDP_nominal_year = 2026 | GDP_nominal_rank = 78th | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{increase}} $11,286<ref name="IMFWEOBY"/> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 83th | Gini = 25.3 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2019 | Gini_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?locations=BY |title=GINI index (World Bank estimate) – Belarus |publisher=World Bank |access-date=12 August 2021}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.824 | HDI_year = 2023<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year. --> | HDI_change = increase | HDI_ref = <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 May 2025 |title=Human Development Report 2025 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf |archive-date=6 May 2025 |access-date=6 May 2025 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]]}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 65th | currency = [[Belarusian ruble]] | currency_code = BYN | time_zone = [[Moscow Time|MSK]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.timeanddate.com/time/zone/belarus/minsk |title=Time Zone & Clock Changes in Minsk, Belarus |publisher=timeanddate.com}}</ref> | utc_offset = [[UTC+03:00|+3]] | date_format = dd.mm.yyyy | calling_code = [[+375]] | cctld = {{unbulleted list | [[.by]] | [[.бел]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Icann Адобрыла Заяўку Беларусі На Дэлегаванне Дамена Першага Ўзроўню З Падтрымкай Алфавітаў Нацыянальных Моў.Бел |url=http://cctld.by/be/history/bel/ |access-date=26 August 2014}}</ref>}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2019 }} '''Belarus''', {{efn|{{langx|be|Беларусь|Byelarus|engvar=gb}}, {{IPA|be|bʲɛlaˈrusʲ|IPA|be-Беларусь.oga}}; {{langx|ru|Беларусь}}, {{IPA|ru|bʲɪlɐˈrusʲ|lang|Ru-Беларусь.ogg}}; dikelala sechara alternatif pia mega dikelala enggau nama '''Byelorussia''' (ari jaku Rusia {{lang|ru|Белоруссия}}), nama [[:ru:Именование белорусского государства на русском языке|ti suah ditulis]] dalam Belarus, taja pan mayuh agi dikena ba Rusia.}} tauka nama rasmi iya '''Republik Belarus''',{{efn|{{langx|be|Рэспубліка Беларусь|Respublika Byelarus|links=no|engvar=gb}}, {{IPA|be|rɛsˈpublʲika bʲɛlaˈrusʲ|IPA|be-Рэспубліка Беларусь.oga}}; {{langx|ru|Республика Беларусь|Respublika Belarus|links=no|engvar=gb}}, {{IPA|ru|rʲɪsˈpublʲɪkə bʲɪlɐˈrusʲ|IPA}}.}} nya menua ti dikelingi darat ba [[Eropah Timur]]. Menua tu bekunsi garis entara menua enggau [[Rusia]] tunga timur enggau timur laut, [[Ukraine]] tunga selatan, [[Poland]] tunga barat, sereta [[Lithuania]] enggau [[Latvia]] tunga barat laut. Belarus mungkur pemesai {{convert|207600|km2}} enggau penyampau tubuh sepemayuh {{nowrap|9.1 juta}} iku orang. [[Minsk]] nya indu nengeri sereta [[Rintai nengeri enggau mengeri besai ba Belarus|nengeri ti pemadu besai]] ba menua nya. == Nota == <references group="lower-alpha"/> == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} gd4wwyksy7ceknthbcjulrzquwzvot3 0 6936 19836 19827 2026-09-22T04:06:09Z Song GK 9 /* Penerang */ 19836 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Kluang | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = Bandar enggau [[List of capitals in Malaysia#District capitals|induk pelilih]] | official_name = Kluang Town<br/>{{nobold|Bandar Kluang}} | other_name = | nickname = | image_flag = | image_seal = | image_shield = | mapframe = yes | mapframe-zoom = 10 | mapsize = | map_caption = Manggai Kluang ba Johor | pushpin_map = | pushpin_mapsize = 275px | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_label_position = right | coordinates = {{coord|2|2|1|N|103|19|10|E|region:MY|display=inline,title}} | image_skyline = {{multiple image | border = infobox | total_width = 300 | image_style = border:1; | caption_align = center | perrow = 2/2/2 | image1 = Kluang - clock tower on roundabout at end of Jalan Lambak May 2024.jpg | caption1 = Menara jam | image2 = Jalan Batu Pahat, Kluang.jpg | caption2 = Jalan Batu Pahat | image3 = Sunway Kluang Mall.jpg | caption3 = Sunway Kluang Mall | image4 = Kluang - street art alley vertical May 2024.jpg | caption4 = Koridor Seni | image5 = Kluang - Mengkibol River from Jalan Sultanah bridge May 2024.jpg | caption5 = Sungai Mengkibol | image6 = Kluang - buildings on Jalan Mersing May 2024.jpg | caption6 = Jalan Mersing }} | image_alt = | image_caption = | subdivision_type = Menua | subdivision_name = {{flag|Malaysia}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Negeri enggau wilayah persekutuan ba Malaysia|Negeri]] | subdivision_name1 = [[File:Flag of Johor.svg|22px|border]] [[Johor]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Pelilih ba Malaysia|Pelilih]] | subdivision_name2 = [[File:Flag of Kluang, Johor.svg|22px|border]] [[Pelilih Kluang|Kluang]] | established_title = Ditumbuhka | established_date = 1915 | established_title2 = Diberi status majlis perbandaran | established_date2 = 8 Mei 2001 | government_type = [[Rintai PBT di Malaysia|Kaunsil perbandaran]] | governing_body = Majlis Perbandaran Kluang | leader_title1 = Yang Dipertua | leader_name1 = Mohd Fahmy Yahya | population_as_of = 2022 | population_density_km2 = 113.5 | postal_code_type = [[Poskod ba Malaysia|Poskod]] | postal_code = 86000 | area_code_type = [[Lambang telefon ba Malaysia|Kod mandung]] | area_code = +60-7 | registration_plate = J | timezone = [[Jam Piawai Malaysia|MST]] | utc_offset = +8 | timezone_DST = Nadai dikena | utc_offset_DST = +8 | website = {{URL|http://www.mpkluang.gov.my}} | population_total = 323762 | motto = Maju Sejahtera<br />(motto Majlis Perbandaran Kluang) | area_total_km2 = 2852 | population_urban = 204964 | population_rural = 19340 | total_type = Pelilih | area_urban_km2 = 126.57 }} '''Kluang''', dulu suba ditulis '''Keluang''', nya siku [[Bandar ba Malaysia|bandar]] enggau induk pelilih ungkup [[Pelilih Kluang]], [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]]. Ditumbuhka ba taun 1915 ari pihak British nyadi pusa pentadbiran ungkup tengah negeri Johor, Kluang terletak ba pusa geografi tengah negeri nya enggau diau ba dalam pejalai 90 minit ari pusa bandar besai seluruh Johor. Disereta enggau bandar semak nya [[Batu Pahat (bandar)|Batu Pahat]], pusa Johor mungkur penyampau tanggungan pasaran lebih ari 700,000 orang diau. Sepanjang abad ke-20, ekonomi betanam betempiar ba Kluang berobah ari ngeluarka [[getah asli]] ngagai pengawa ngeluarka [[minyak sawit]] ba skala besai. Ba beberapa dekad ke penudi tu, iya nyadi pusa sektor [[bumi gadung]] enggau destinasi ekopelancongan baka Zenxin Organic Park, UK Agro Farm, enggau Kahang Organic Eco Rice Farm. Pelilih tu mega ngembuan pusa industri ti besai, utamanye ba pengawa ngaga jubin seramik, nyapu nama iya nyadi "induk jubin Malaysia". == Sejarah == Nama ''Kluang'' berasal ari jaku [[Jaku Melayu|Melayu]] ''keluang'', ti nunjuk ngagai bansa [[kawa]] tauka [[keluang]] ti mayuh diau ba menua tu suba sebedau penyampau alas kayu ditebang enggau pengerusak habitat. Kluang ditumbuhka ba taun 1915 nyadi pusa pentadbiran ungkup tengah Johor ba baruh perentah kolonial British.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bernama.com/johor/history2.htm |title=History of Kluang |publisher=Bernama |access-date=8 July 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030708100601/http://www.bernama.com/johor/history2.htm |archive-date=8 July 2003 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pembinaan jalai keretapi besai [[KTM West Coast Line|Keretapi Tanah Melayu]] ti ngelintas bandar tu ngelaju perkembangan tumu bandar enggau ekonomi, ti ditunjang ari jalai ti nyambungka Kluang ngagai tenggara menyambung [[Johor Bahru]], barat daya menyambung [[Batu Pahat (bandar)|Batu Pahat]], enggau timur laut menyambung [[Mersing]]. Bebujuk [[Perang Dunya Kedua]], tentera Tentera Empayar Jepun nguasa Kluang kena 25 Januari 1942 lebuh maia pejalai jepat sida ngagai selatan pengudah pemundur tentera Sekutu ngagai [[Singapura]]. [[Tomoyuki Yamashita|Jeneral Tomoyuki Yamashita]] ngelumpat pusa markas muka iya ari [[Kuala Lumpur]] ngagai Kluang kena 27 Januari 1942. Tentera Jepun pengudah nya ngengkalapka padang terbang tempatan nyadi pusa tentera udara ungkup serangan bom ngagap Singapura enggau [[Sumatera]]. Ba pertengahan taun 1950-an, lebuh maia [[Penusah Ngenyit Malaya]], padang terbang tu nyadi pusa ungkup kapal terbang pengintai enggau helikopter tentera nyidi pemberontak komunis ti beoperasi ba kawasan [[Gunung Lambak]], enggau nyadi pusa artileri. Padang terbang tu nyadi pusa Kelab Terbang Kluang, ti beoperasi ngena kapal terbang Tiger Moth. Pengawa pemberontak ba sekitar Kluang berengkah surut ba bulan-bulan sebedau [[Deklarasyen Merdeka Persekutuan Tanah Melayu|Merdeka Menua Malaya]] ba taun 1957. Kawasan sekitar nya ditumbuhka nyadi garnison tentera besai ti ngembuan pelbagai unit enggau hospital lapangan. Unit 75 Aircraft Workshop, siku unit sokongan penerbangan, bepusat ba Kluang ari taun 1946 nyentu taun 1970.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.helicraft.com/kluang/News%20Items/5%20Craftsman%200370.pdf |title=75 Aircraft Workshop Kluang |access-date=21 May 2023 |publisher=Helicraft}}</ref> Ba taun 1969, Kluang napi penusah bah besai lebuh Sungai Mengkibol melimpah kembai {{convert|7|to|10|ft|m|abbr=on}}, ngembuah pengerusak harta benda ti besai ba pusa bandar.<ref name=":Flood">{{cite web |title=Gurudwara Sahib Kluang, Johor |url=https://www.worldgurudwaras.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-far-east/malaysia/johor/gurudwara-sahib-kluang-johor |access-date=3 December 2020 |website=World Gurudwaras |language=en-gb |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028225656/https://www.worldgurudwaras.com/world-gurudwaras/gurudwaras-in-far-east/malaysia/johor/gurudwara-sahib-kluang-johor |archive-date=28 October 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Diatu, [[Tentera Darat Malaysia]] nyaga penatai ti besai ba Kluang ba Kem Batu Tiga enggau Kem Mahkota, alai Kem Mahkota nya nyadi pusa unit [[Pasukan Udara Tentera Darat]] (Skuadron 881). == Geografi == Kluang terletak ba tengah-tengah negeri Johor enggau nadai bisi pantai. Bandar tu diau ba tanah bebuntu enggau bukits; tanda geografi ti paling tebilang nya [[Gunung Lambak]], siku puncak ti ditinggi {{convert|510|m|ft}} ari atas tikas laut ti diau ba tisi timur bandar nya. Ba bahagian timur pelilih tu mega diau Hutan Rekreasi [[Gunung Belumut]]. Kawasan pentadbiran ti diuruska ari Majlis Perbandaran Kluang mungkur penyampau kira-kira {{convert|126.57|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web |last=jhrmpk |date=8 May 2016 |title=History Kluang |url=https://www.mpkluang.gov.my/en/visitors/history_kluang |access-date=8 December 2023 |website=Official Portal of Kluang Municipal Council (MPK) |language=ms}}</ref> Tiga batang sungai besai nyala nembus kawasan bandar: [[Sungai Mengkibol]] mbelah pusa bandar, Sungai Melantai nyala nembus bahagian timur, enggau Sungai Sembrong nyala nembus bahagian barat. Perkembangan bandar ari taun 1970-an nyentu 2000-an meda Kluang berkembang mendatar mengikut koridor besai timur-barat. Ba sepanjang timpuh tu, pusa komersial berkembang besai lebuh bekas tanah betanam getah enggau kelapa sawit diubah nyadi kawasan perumahan enggau pusa dagang. == Demografi == Ba taun 2010, penyampau orang diau ba Pelilih Kluang nya 319,629 orang.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://jpbd.johor.gov.my/images/jpbd_DokumenTerbitan/Handbook.pdf |title=Handbook |language=ms |website=johor.gov.my |access-date=20 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913085826/http://jpbd.johor.gov.my/images/jpbd_DokumenTerbitan/Handbook.pdf |archive-date=13 September 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Manggai taun 2022, penyampau orang diau ba pelilih tu manggai 323,762 orang ari empat juta orang ba seluruh negeri, enggau lelaki mungkur 55.4% ari penyampau nya.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kluang placed fourth in state's population census |url=https://www.thestar.com.my/metro/metro-news/2022/08/10/kluang-placed-fourth-in-states-population-census |access-date=8 December 2023 |website=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]] |language=en}}</ref> == Perintah enggau politik == {{Infobox legislature | name = Majlis Perbandaran Kluang | native_name = Majlis Perbandaran Kluang | native_name_lang = Malay | members = | legislature = | preceded_by = Majlis Daerah Kluang Utara | coa_pic = | coa_res = | coa_alt = | coa_caption = Lambang | session_room = | foundation = 8 Mei 2001 | house_type = Pihak berkuasa tempatan | jurisdiction = Kluang | body = | seats = 24 | political_groups1 = Ahli Majlis:<div> {{Color box|{{party color|Barisan Nasional}}}} [[Barisan Nasional|BN]] (24) *{{Color box|{{party color|United Malays National Organisation}}}} [[UMNO]] (14) *{{Color box|{{party color|Malaysian Chinese Association}}}} [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] (8) *{{Color box|{{party color|Malaysian Indian Congress}}}} [[Kongres India Malaysia|MIC]] (2)</div> | term_length = 1 April 2024–31 Disember 2025 | leader1_type = Yang Dipertua | leader1 = Mohd Fahmy Yahya<br />(Kenyau 20 Oktober 2024) | leader2_type = Setiausaha | leader2 = Azmi Ahmad<br />(Kenyau 1 Januari 2024) | meeting_place = Wisma Baharu Majlis Perbandaran Kluang, Persiaran Utama Bandar Primer, 86000 Kluang, Johor | website = {{URL|http://www.mpkluang.gov.my}} | footnotes = | motto = Maju Sejahtera }} '''Majlis Perbandaran Kluang''' ('''MPKluang'''), ti dulu suba dikelala nyadi '''Majlis Daerah Kluang Utara''', nya badan pihak berkuasa tempatan ti mentadbir bandar Kluang enggau kawasan sekitar nya. Iya ditingkatka status ngagai majlis perbandaran kena 8 Mei 2001. Majlis Daerah Kluang Utara ditumbuhka kena 1 Januari 1977 nengah panggabungan Majlis Bandaran Kluang (ti keterubah ditumbuhka nyadi Lembaga Bandaran Kluang ba taun 1920) enggau majlis-majlis tempatan ti mentadbir Kampong Paya, Kampong Gajah, Sri Lalang, [[Chamek]], enggau [[Paloh|Paloh]].<ref name=mpkluang>{{cite web |url=https://mpkluang.gov.my/ms/info-korporat/profil/latar-belakang-majlis-perbandaran-kluang |title=Background |website=mpkluang.gov.my}}</ref> Ibu pejabat majlis indah pindah ngagai Wisma Baharu MPKluang ba Persiaran Utama Bandar Primer kena 1 Julai 2025, pindah ari bangunan lama ba Jalan Kota Tinggi.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mpkluang.gov.my/ms/hubungi-kami/direktori/jabatan |title=Headquarters Directory |website=mpkluang.gov.my}}</ref> === Yang Dipertua Kluang === Tiga puluh lapan orang udah gawa nyadi Yang Dipertua pihak berkuasa tempatan kenyau ari taun 1932.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mpkluang.gov.my/sites/default/files/senarai_nama_ydp.jpg |title=List of Presidents |website=mpkluang.gov.my}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !#!!Nama !!Berengkah pengawa !!Tembut pengawa |- | 1 || Isa Ahmad || 1932 || 1945 |- | 2 || Rahman Jaafar || 1945 || 1949 |- | 3 || Hassan Omar || 1950 || 1952 |- | 4 || Salim Sabtu || 1952 || 1953 |- | 5 || Raja Omar Chik || 1953 || 1955 |- | 6 || Zainal Abidin Mohamed || 1955 || 1957 |- | 7 || Abdullah Ahmad || 1957 || 1959 |- | 8 || Salleh Ismail || 1959 || 1960 |- | 9 || Raub Saat || 1960 || 1962 |- | 10 || Ibrahim Majid || 1962 || 1964 |- | 11 || Kadir Abdullah || 1964 || 1966 |- | 12 || Rahman Ahmad || 1966 || 1968 |- | 13 || Osman Wahid || 1968 || 1969 |- | 14 || Abdullah Rahman || 1969 || 1972 |- | 15 || Ithnin Maarud || 1972 || 1974 |- | 16 || Sulaiman Md Noor || 1974 || 1976 |- | 17 || Sukiman Sahlan || 1976 || 1979 |- | 18 || Rahmat Asri || 1979 || 1980 |- | 19 || Hasmoni Salim || 1980 || 1982 |- | 20 || Musiran Ali || 1982 || 1985 |- | 21 || Ismail Aziz || 1985 || 1988 |- | 22 || Johari Suratman || 1988 || 1995 |- | 23 || Zabha Umar || 1995 || 1997 |- | 24 || Abd Kadir Maksom || 1997 || 1999 |- | 25 || Hamsan Saringat || 2000 || 2003 |- | 26 || Jabar Md Tahir || 1 Januari 2004 || 31 Mei 2004 |- | 27 || Abd Razak Md Salleh || 1 Jun 2004 || 31 Januari 2006 |- | 28 || Muji Salimon || 1 Februari 2006 || 31 Disember 2006 |- | 29 || Mislan Karmani || 1 Januari 2007 || 16 Januari 2008 |- | 30 || Abd Rahman Mohamed Dewam || 16 Januari 2008 || 31 Mac 2011 |- | 31 || Ahmad Ma'in || 1 April 2011 || 31 Mei 2013 |- | 32 || Adib Azhari Daud || 1 Jun 2013 || 20 Jun 2015 |- | 33 || Ismail Abu || 21 Jun 2015 || 16 Januari 2017 |- | 34 || Nasri Md Ali || 17 Januari 2017 || 31 Oktober 2018 |- | 35 || Mohd Rafi Abdullah || 1 November 2018 || 30 Januari 2021 |- | 36 || Norliyati Md Nor || 1 Februari 2021 || 14 Februari 2023 |- | 37 || Azurawati Wahid || 15 Februari 2023 || 19 Oktober 2024 |- | 38 || Mohd Fahmi Yahya || 20 Oktober 2024 || Diatu |} === Setiausaha Kluang === Tiga puluh tujuh orang udah gawa nyadi setiausaha majlis.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mpkluang.gov.my/sites/default/files/senarai_nama_su.jpg |title=List of Secretaries |website=mpkluang.gov.my}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- !#!!Nama !!Berengkah pengawa !!Tembut pengawa |- | 1 || Idris Mohamed || 1961 || 1961 |- | 2 || Jamari Karyadi || 1961 || 1963 |- | 3 || Ibrahim Abdul Ghani || 1963 || 1963 |- | 4 || Sarajudin Ali || 1964 || 1965 |- | 5 || Ibrahim Abdul Ghani || 1965 || 1965 |- | 6 || Abu Bakar Ahmad || 1965 || 1967 |- | 7 || Najib Masod|| 1967 || 1968 |- | 8 || Ibrahim Abdul Ghani || 1968 || 1969 |- | 9 || Endan Dahlan || 1969 || 1970 |- | 10 || Mohamad Abdullah || 1970 || 1970 |- | 11 || Onn Ahmad || 1971 || 1971 |- | 12 || Mohamad Ibrahim Jaafar || 1971 || 1972 |- | 13 || Shahron Abdul Wahab || 1972 || 1975 |- | 14 || Ismail Yunos || 1975 || 1975 |- | 15 || Abdul Rahman Ahmad || 1975 || 1976 |- | 16 || Baderi Dasuki || 1977 || 1980 |- | 17 || Noh Mohamad || 1981 || 1982 |- | 18 || Fadhil Mohd Noh || 1982 || 1986 |- | 19 || Jumali Ahmad || 1987 || 1988 |- | 20 || Jabar Tahir || 1989 || 1990 |- | 21 || Halim Haron || 1990 || 1992 |- | 22 || Abdul Jamal Puteh || 1992 || 1995 |- | 23 || Md Tamrin Aliman || 1995 || 1996 |- | 24 || Abd Karim Abu Bakar || 1996 || 1997 |- | 25 || Norizan Kulob || 1997 || 1999 |- | 26 || Ayub Supaat || 2000 || 2001 |- | 27 || Kamarudin Abdullah || 2002 || 2002 |- | 28 || Mohd Shukri Mohd Masbah || 2002 || 2003 |- | 29 || Abdul Malek Ismail || 2003 || 2006 |- | 30 || Zulkiflee Abbas || 16 Februari 2006 || 16 Januari 2008 |- | 31 || Mulzaldin Mohamed || 16 Januari 2008 || 31 Mei 2011 |- | 32 || Mohd Radzi Mohd Amin || 1 Jun 2011 || 15 Julai 2014 |- | 33 || Mustaffa Kamal Shamsudin || 16 Julai 2014 || 20 Jun 2015 |- | 34 || Mohamad Radif Kosnin || 21 Jun 2015 || 13 Februari 2019 |- | 35 || Shahril Azizi Abd Gapar || 14 Februari 2019 || 14 April 2020 |- | 36 || Mohamad Yazid Baharudin || 15 April 2020 || 31 Disember 2023 |- | 37 || Azmi Ahmad || 1 Januari 2024 || Diatu |} === Zon Pentadbiran Majlis === Ungkup pentadbiran tempatan, majlis perbandaran dipembagi ngagai 24 zon pentadbiran, ti alai siku Ahli Majlis dilantik ungkup sebuah zon.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mpkluang.gov.my/ms/info-korporat/profil/senarai-ahli-majlis-majlis-perbandaran-kluang |title=Councillor list |website=mpkluang.gov.my}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.mpkluang.gov.my/sites/default/files/ahli_majlis_2024.pdf |title=Councillor list (PDF) |website=mpkluang.gov.my}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible" !Zon !Ahli Majlis !Parti politik |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | [[Kahang]] A || Abdul Ghani Abdul Rashid || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | [[Paloh|Paloh]] A || Atan Ibrahim || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | [[Paloh|Paloh]] B || Au Xian Jie || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | Sri Lalang || Gan Lee Chiu || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Kampong Melayu || Haslina Mohammad Dom || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | Kampong Paya || Kelly Chye Pei Yee || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Intan || Izaluddin Akmat || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | Pusa Bandar || Law Mona || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Puteri || Mohd Saim Paiman || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | Taman Suria || Law Yew Shen || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}" | Taman Megah || Raman M Govindan Nair || [[Kongres India Malaysia|MIC]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Sri Kluang || Mohd Khairul Ishak || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | [[Kahang]] B || Siti Norreha Hussin || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Indian Congress/meta/shading}}" | Taman Delima || S Sarasvathi K.Sinatambi || [[Kongres India Malaysia|MIC]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Kasih || Zainal Mohamed || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Sri Tengah || Zakiah Pardi || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Pelangi || Zaimani Jamaluddin || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | Yap Tau Sah || Yap Zhi Peng || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Kluang Barat || Azizul Ali || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Ilham || Abd Hamid Dahlan || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | [[Chamek]] || Go Yen Hong || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Gunung Lambak || Shey Risha Abdul Karim || [[UMNO]] |-bgcolor="{{Malaysian Chinese Association/meta/shading}}" | Kampung Gajah || Lim Yew Chin || [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia|MCA]] |-bgcolor="{{United Malays National Organisation/meta/shading}}" | Taman Seri Impian || Syed Hussin Syed Abdullah || [[UMNO]] |} == Betanam betempiar == Ngembuan penyampau ditumbuhka ba taun 1915, Kluang berkembang utamanye nyadi pusa betanam getah ba baruh syarikat perkebunan besai nyengkaum Guthrie Ropel, Asiatic Plantations, enggau [[Harrisons & Crosfield]]. Inovasi industri, baka pengawa sejatan vakum susu getah ti dibandung ari Revertex, berengkah dikena ba menua nya. Ladang getah ti tebilang ba sekitar bandar nya nyengkaum Ladang Lambak, Ladang Mengkibol, Ladang Kluang, Ladang Coronation, Ladang Wessington (diubah nama nyadi Ladang Simpang Renggam), Ladang Benut, Ladang Paloh, Ladang Sepuloh, Ladang Chamek, Ladang Niyor, Ladang Kahang, Ladang Pamol, enggau Ladang Kekayaan. Berengkah ba taun 1970-an, ladang-ladang getah ditanam baru ngena kelapa sawit secara teratur. Diatu, Kluang ngembuan tanah [[kelapa sawit]] ti besai, mega enggau [[koko]] enggau [[teh]]. Ladang Pamol, ti dikempen ari IOI Corporation, nya pusa ngeluarka minyak sawit mampan ti aktif ngena pemesai {{convert|12044|ha|acre}} ti ngeluarka lebih ari 56,000 tan tiap-tiap taun.<ref>{{cite book |title=IOI Corporation Berhad |date=28 March 2016 |publisher=TA Securities |page=2 |url=http://eresearch.bursamalaysia.com/download.aspx?id=18204&type=research |archive-date=20 April 2016 |access-date=11 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420151319/http://eresearch.bursamalaysia.com/download.aspx?id=18204&type=research |url-status=dead}}</ref> Pelilih tu mega nyadi pusa industri bumi hijau (organik). Kebun Zenxin Agri-Organic Food ti pemesai 100 ekar nya nyadi antara pengeluar sayur organik besai ba Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Zenxin |url=http://www.zenxin.com.my/2009/home/about-zenxin/ |publisher=Zenxin Organic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315150401/http://www.zenxin.com.my/2009/home/about-zenxin/ |archive-date=15 March 2016}}</ref> Projek Pertanian Moden Kluang, ti dilancar ba taun 2004 ba tanah 9,000 ekar, nyadi pusa kebun ternakan enggau herba nyengkaum UK Agro Farm.<ref>{{cite web |title=UK Agro Resort |url=http://www.ukfarm.com.my/uk-agroresort.html |publisher=UK Farm |access-date=11 July 2017 |archive-date=30 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630150704/http://www.ukfarm.com.my/uk-agroresort.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ba Kahang, Kahang Organic Eco Rice Farm nyadi pusa beras organik keterubah ti diaku ba Malaysia. == Industri enggau komersial == Kluang ngembuan pusa kilang industri ti pelbagai kelimpah ari pusa betanam betempiar iya, ngeluarka polimer, barang keretas, tekstil, seramik, lapisan industri, enggau barang elektrik. Bandar tu nyadi pusa kilang jubin seramik. Syarikat baka MML (Malaysian Mosaics), Terreal, Venus Ceramic, enggau Guocera beoperasi ngembuan kilang besai ba Kluang, nyumbang ngagai pengeluaran jubin seramik Malaysia ba tikas dunia. Kilang-kilang antarabangsa ba pelilih tu nyengkaum kilang keretas tisu ari [[Kimberly-Clark]] enggau kilang petak ais ari [[Liebherr Group]]. Syarikat [[Synthomer]] plc beoperasi ngembuan pusa latex nitril ti besai ba Kluang, ti diwaris ari kilang ti keterubah ditumbuhka ari Revertex Ltd. Kilang nya ngeluarka latex nitril ungkup guna industri sarung jari perubat ba seluruh dunia. Pusa komersial pusat bandar diau ba dalam Jalan Lingkaran Dalam Kluang enggau ngembuan bank komersial besai, pusa bebelanja, enggau perkhidmatan. == Pengangkut == === Jalai darat === Kluang tau dituju ngena Persimpangan 244 ([[Ayer Hitam]]) ba [[Lebuhraya Utara-Selatan Laluan Selatan|Lebuhraya PLUS]]. [[Laluan Persekutuan Malaysia 50|Laluan Persekutuan 50]] menyambung Batu Pahat nembus pusa bandar Kluang ngagai timur menyambung Kahang, Jemaluang, enggau [[Mersing]]. === Keretapi === [[Keretapi Tanah Melayu]] (KTMB) meri perkhidmatan ba [[Stesen keretapi Kluang]] ti terletak ba Jalan Stesen. Ba baruh projek landasan beregu elektrik Gemas–Johor Bahru, kemudahan keretapi ba Kluang disambung ngagai rangkaian intercity elektrik ti menyambung ngagai [[Kuala Lumpur]], [[Johor Bahru]], enggau [[Butterworth, Pulau Pinang|Butterworth]]. === Bas === Terminal bas ekspres Kluang terletak ba Jalan Bakawali sebalah Plaza BCB. Bas ekspres intercity menyambung Kluang ngagai pusa bandar besai ba Semenanjung Malaysia enggau Singapura. === Udara === Padang terbang tentera ({{Airport codes||WMAP}}) ti dikempen ari Tentera Udara Diraja Malaysia diau ba Kluang. Kemudahan komersial ti tersemak nya [[Padang Bilun Entarabansa Senai]] (IATA: JHB) ba Pelilih Kulai, ti diau kira-kira {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}} ngagai selatan. == Kemudahan dasar == Kluang disikap enggau ibu pejabat polis pelilih enggau balai bomba. Hospital Kluang diuruska ari Kementerian Kesihatan enggau terletak ba bahagian selatan bandar tu. Mega bisi Hospital Pakar KPJ Kluang Utama. === Pelajaran === Sekolah Menengah Sains Johor ([[SMS Johor]]), nya sekolah berasrama penuh perentah keterubah ti ngembuan penekan khas ba subjek sains. Iya ditumbuhka ba taun 1973 enggau diatu ngembuan lebih ari 500 orang pelajar. Sekolah Tinggi Kluang (Sekolah Tinggi Kluang) nya siku sekolah ti paling tebilang ba Kluang enggau ditumbuhka ba taun 1939. Iya diatu ngembuan lebih ari 1,500 orang pelajar.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sciencejohor.com/2015/|title=SMS Johor|access-date=21 May 2023}}</ref> Sekolah Menengah Chong Hwa nya sekolah menengah Cina ketiga besai ba Malaysia enggau ditumbuhka ngena duit ari peranak Cina ti tebilang ba taun 1940-an.<ref>Turnbull, A Short History of Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei, p. 124</ref> Sekolah tu ngembuan lebih ari 3,000 orang pelajar. == Kebudayaan enggau pelancongan == Kluang nya pusa agropelancongan enggau rekreasi alam semula jadi. Denai niki bukits ba [[Gunung Lambak]] enggau [[Gunung Belumut]] nya destinasi tempatan ti tebilang. Bandar tu mega tebilang enggau budaya kopi ba kawasan nya, ti diwakilka ari Kluang RailCoffee ba stesen keretapi besai, ti udah beoperasi kenyau ari taun 1938. == Bandar menyadi == * {{flagicon|Malaysia}} {{flagicon|Selangor}} [[Kajang]], [[Selangor]], [[Malaysia]] * {{flagicon|Malaysia}} {{flagicon|Perak}} [[Taiping, Perak|Taiping]], [[Perak]], [[Malaysia]] == Orang ti tebilang == * [[Samy Vellu]], Presiden [[Kongres India Malaysia]] (MIC) (1979–2010), [[Menteri Kerja Raya (Malaysia)|Menteri Kerja Raya]] (1995–2008) * [[Ali Hamsa]], [[Ketua Setiausaha Negara (Malaysia)|Ketua Setiausaha Negara]] * [[Chieh Yuan]] (1945–1977), Pelakon enggau ahli [[seni pertahanan diri]] * [[Lee San Choon]], Presiden [[Persatuan Cina Malaysia]] (MCA) (1975–1983) * [[Ng Tian Hann]], Pengarah [[Filem Cina Malaysia]] * [[Shebby Singh]], bekas pemain [[bola sepak]] [[Malaysia]] * [[Nur Izzuddin]], pemain [[bulu tangkis]] * [[Noraniza Idris]], penyanyi enggau pelakon * Bishop Dato' Charles K. Samuel, Bishop Suffragan Gereja Anglican West Malaysia == Peda mega == * [[Kluang (Wilayah persekutuan)]] * [[Pelilih Kluang]] == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Sembung luar == {{wikivoyage|Kluang}} * [http://mrt.com.my/ktm_intercity/kluang.htm Stesen Keretapi KTM Kluang] {{Johor}} [[Kategori:Pelilih Kluang]] [[Kategori:Bandar ba Johor]] 012elijalovqxr3y4pq3g2zc4k5y6gi 0 6939 19832 2026-09-21T13:06:07Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1336445588|World Day of Peace]] " 19832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday|holiday_name=Hari Pemaik Sedunya|type=|longtype=|image=[[File:Black Peace Dove.svg|220px|class=skin-invert]]|caption=|official_name=|nickname=|observedby=Serata dunya|date=1 Januari|duration=24 jam|frequency=Ninting taun|scheduling=hari ke sama ninting taun|celebrations=Pengawa bebida ba serata dunya|relatedto=[[Gerija Katolik]]}} '''Hari Pemaik Sedunya''' nya pengerami ninting taun [[Gerija Katolik]], diungkupka ngagai [[pemaik dunya]], diatur kena 1 Januari, [[Solemniti Maria, Indai Allah Taala]]. [[Pope Paul VI]] numbuhka iya dalam taun 1967, ketegal ti diiri enggau ensiklopedia ''[[Pacem in Terris]]'' ari [[Pope John XXIII]] sereta belalauka ensiklopedia iya empu ''[[Populorum Progressio]]''. Hari tu keterubah iya diintu kena 1 Januari 1968. Hari Pemaik Sedunya suah nyadika maya endur bala Pope ngaga deklarasyen magisterial pasal [[Ajar sosial Gerija Katolik|ajar sosial]]. [[Pope Paul VI]] enggau [[Pope John Paul II]] ngaga deklarasyen ti beguna ba Hari nya dalam tiap taun pontifikat sida bekaul enggau [[Gerempung Bansa Beserakup]], [[hak pelasar mensia]], [[hak indu]], [[gerempung pengereja pengawa]], [[pemansang ekonomi]], [[hak pengidup]], [[diplomasi]] entarabansa, pemaik ba [[Tanah Kudus]] (nyengkaum [[Israel]] enggau [[Palestin]]), globalisasyen enggau penganas.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pope Assails Totalitarianism, Intolerance Religion: John Paul, in World Day of Peace message, also calls fundamentalism a threat to peace.|url=http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60000705.html?dids=60000705:60000705&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+19,+1990&author=WILLIAM+D.+MONTALBANO&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Pope+Assails+Totalitarianism,+Intolerance+Religion:+John+Paul,+in+World+Day+of+Peace+message,+also+calls+fundamentalism+a+threat+to+peace.&pqatl=google|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110525154859/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/60000705.html?dids=60000705:60000705&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+19,+1990&author=WILLIAM+D.+MONTALBANO&pub=Los+Angeles+Times+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Pope+Assails+Totalitarianism,+Intolerance+Religion:+John+Paul,+in+World+Day+of+Peace+message,+also+calls+fundamentalism+a+threat+to+peace.&pqatl=google|archive-date=2011-05-25|access-date=2026-01-02|website=pqasb.pqarchiver.com}}</ref> Di [[England enggau Wales]], "Hari Minggu Pemaik" endang tradisional diintu ba Hari Minggu Kedua Maya Selama, iya nya Hari Minggu ke nyadi entara 14 enggau 20 Januari, inklusif. Pampang British ari gerak balai [[Pax Christi]] nyendiaka kereban ti diperambu ungkup nya ninting taun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pax Christi - Press Releases|url=http://www.paxchristi.org.uk/press1.php|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130904220808/http://www.paxchristi.org.uk/press1.php|archive-date=2013-09-04|access-date=2026-01-02|website=www.paxchristi.org.uk|url-status=dead}}</ref> == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Laman web ke bukai == {{commons category}} * [https://www.vatican.va/content/paul-vi/en/messages/peace.index.html Indeks Pesan Pope ungkup Hari Pemaik Sedunya ari baruh Pope Paul VI] * [https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/en/messages/peace.index.html Indeks Pesan Pope ungkup Hari Pemaik Sedunya ari baruh Pope John Paul II] * [https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/messages/peace/index_en.htm Indeks Pesan Pope ungkup Hari Pemaik Sedunya ari baruh Pope Benedict XVI] . * [https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/messages/peace.index.html Indeks Pesan Pope ungkup Hari Pemaik Sedunya ari baruh Pope Francis] . * [https://www.usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/war-and-peace/world-day-of-peace.cfm Resource Bishop Katolik AS ungkup Hari Pemaik Sedunya] * [http://www.paxchristi.org.uk/peace_sunday1.php Pax Christi UK Sumber ungkup Pemaik Hari Minggu] Archived * [http://www.justiceandpeacescotland.org.uk/Home.aspx Pengelurus enggau Pemaik Katolik Scotland] 7w205xr4wdveups6oqovln6ry6oh3ya 0 6940 19833 2026-09-21T13:28:52Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1376003966|International Day of Peace]] " 19833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox holiday|holiday_name=Hari Pemaik Antarabansa|type=|longtype=Penesau Antarabansa Gerempung Bansa Beserakup|image=|caption=|official_name=|nickname=|observedby=Semua [[Menua kaban Gerempung Bansa Beserakup|menua kaban GBB]]|date=21 September|duration=24 jam|frequency=Ninting taun|scheduling=hari sama ninting hari|celebrations=Pengawa bebida ba serata dunya|relatedto=[[Engkebut Pemaik ]]|firsttime={{start date and age|df=yes|1981}}}} '''Hari Pemaik Antarabansa''', tauka dikelala enggau rasmi enggau nama '''Hari Pemaik Sedunya''', iya nya hari besai ti dikemendarka [[Gerempung Bansa Beserakup|GBB]] ti diintu ninting taun kena 21 September. Hari tu mega diungkupka ngagai [[pemaik dunya]] lalu spesifik nadai perang enggau ulah kasar, baka ke engka nyadi ketegal pengetu senyaata sementara ba zon perang ungkup akses bantu mensia. Hari tu keterubah iya ditumbuhka dalam taun 1981 lalu keterubah iya diintu dalam bulan September 1982 lalu diintu mayuh bansa, gerempung politik, gerempung soldadu, enggau rayat.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/events/peaceday/index.shtml|title=International Day of Peace Event Information|publisher=[[Secretary-General of the United Nations]]|access-date=18 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625014250/http://www.un.org/en/events/peaceday/index.shtml|archive-date=25 June 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> Dikena bejadika hari nya, [[Luching Pemaik Jipun|Luching Pemaik]] Gerempung Bansa Beserakup ditebah ba [[Indu Opis GBB]] (di Nengeri New York). Luching nya ditempa ari duit syiling ti diberi orang ari semua benua kelimpah ari Afrika, lalu nyadika pemeri ari Serakup Gerempung Bansa-Bansa Beserakup Jipun, nyadika "pengingat pasal ungkus perang mensia"; tulis ba tisi iya bisi nulis, "Panjai umur pemaik dunya ti meruan".<ref name="titleSecretary-General's Message on the International Day of Peace 21 September 20022">{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/events/peaceday/2002/sg210902.htm|title=Secretary-General's Message on the International Day of Peace 21 September 2002|access-date=6 January 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070704194846/http://www.un.org/events/peaceday/2002/sg210902.htm|archive-date=4 July 2007|url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam taun 2018, kar utai ke nyadi ke ulih digiga udah dikeluarka ba un.org.<ref>[https://internationaldayofpeace.org/event-map/ ''Use this map to find a/n.../ event near you.''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811200157/https://internationaldayofpeace.org/event-map/|date=11 August 2018}} ''internationaldayofpeace.org'', accessed 11 August 2018</ref> == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist|30em}} == Laman web ke bukai == {{Commons category|International Peace Day|International Day of Peace}} * {{Official website|http://www.internationaldayofpeace.org/}} * [https://www.punjabkesari.in/national/news/international-day-of-peace-2019-1057336 Peda Hari Pemaik Antarabansa ba Punjab Kesari] 4qoa2m1cdhpnosxx7g3p5edhe4uf4ao 828 6941 19838 2026-09-22T04:08:44Z Song GK 9 Mencipta laman baru dengan kandungan 'return { name = 'Baja California', top = 33.04, bottom = 27.54, left = -118, right = -112, image = 'Mexico Baja California location map.svg', -- image1 reserved for relief map image2 = 'Mexico Baja California location map (urban areas).svg' }' 19838 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Baja California', top = 33.04, bottom = 27.54, left = -118, right = -112, image = 'Mexico Baja California location map.svg', -- image1 reserved for relief map image2 = 'Mexico Baja California location map (urban areas).svg' } tglijsl3pg1tflu57gso9e2hhjdshlo 19839 19838 2026-09-22T04:09:00Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Modul:Location map/data/Baja California]] ke [[Modul:Location map/data/Mexico Baja California]] 19838 Scribunto text/plain return { name = 'Baja California', top = 33.04, bottom = 27.54, left = -118, right = -112, image = 'Mexico Baja California location map.svg', -- image1 reserved for relief map image2 = 'Mexico Baja California location map (urban areas).svg' } tglijsl3pg1tflu57gso9e2hhjdshlo 828 6942 19840 2026-09-22T04:09:00Z Song GK 9 Song GK telah memindahkan laman [[Modul:Location map/data/Baja California]] ke [[Modul:Location map/data/Mexico Baja California]] 19840 Scribunto text/plain return require [[Modul:Location map/data/Mexico Baja California]] eror4b10zyrhscvcpuudij39sdpsi2b 0 6943 19842 2026-09-22T04:10:31Z Song GK 9 Melencong ke [[Retak lendir]] 19842 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Retak lendir]] 99mbfjfp68nkd82stgvmi5fapbwz6pd 0 6944 19845 2026-09-22T04:48:54Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1366771911|Sulu Sea]] " 19845 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox body of water|name=Tasik Sulu|etymology=[[Sulu]]|pushpin_map=Mindanao#Filipina#Asia Tenggara|pushpin_label_position=|location=[[Asia Tenggara]]|coordinates={{coord|8|N|120|E|region:PH_type:waterbody|display=inline,title}}|part_of=[[Tasik Luar Pasifik]]|countries=[[Filipina]] enggau [[Malaysia]]|rivers=|image=Sulu Sea internal waves.jpg|alt=Satellite image from NASA showing the internal waves formed in the Sulu Sea|caption=Gambar satelit ari [[NASA]] mandangka gelumbang dalam ti tumbuh ba Tasik Sulu|type=[[tasik]]|area={{convert|260000|km2|sp=us}}|settlements=<!-- add cities and district/provincial capitals -->{{collapsible list|[[Bacolod]]|[[Bago, Negros Occidental|Bago]]|[[Bayawan]]|[[Beluran]]|[[Dapitan]]|[[Dipolog]]|[[Himamaylan]]|[[Mengeri Iloilo]]|[[Isabela, Basilan|Mengeri Isabela]]|[[Jolo, Sulu|Jolo]]|[[Jordan, Guimaras|Jordan]]|[[Kabankalan]]|[[Kinabatangan]]|[[Kota Marudu]]|[[Kunak]]|[[Lahad Datu]]|[[Kudat]]|[[Pitas, Malaysia|Pitas]]|[[Puerto Princesa]]|[[San Jose de Buenavista, Antique|San Jose de Buenavista]]|[[Sandakan]]|[[Silay]]|[[Sipalay]]|[[Talisay, Negros Occidental|Talisay]]|[[Victorias]]|[[Mengeri Zamboanga]]|}}}} [[File:Roxas,_Endemic_plants_and_trees_on_the_beach,_Palawan,_Philippines.jpg|kiri|thumb| Tasik baka ke dipeda ari [[Palawan]].]] [[File:Tubbataha_Shark.jpg|thumb| Jerung ditemu ba [[Taman Marin Nasional Tubbataha]], Tasik Sulu, Filipina.]] '''Tasik Sulu''' ({{Langx|fil|Dagat Sulu}}; [[Jaku Tausug|Tausug]]: ''Dagat dosa Sūg''; {{Langx|ms|Laut Sulu}}; {{Langx|es|Mar de Joló}}) iya nya ai ba kandang menua barat daya [[Filipina]], diseraraka ari [[Tasik China Selatan]] ba barat laut nengah [[Palawan]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Coron Bay, Philippines: UnderwaterAsia.info|url=http://www.underwaterasia.info/dive-guide-philippines/palawan-north.php|website=www.underwaterasia.info|access-date=23 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005001437/http://www.underwaterasia.info/dive-guide-philippines/palawan-north.php|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> lalu ari [[Tasik Sulawesi]] ba tenggara nengah [[Pulau-pulau Sulu]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Sulu Sea, Philippines: UnderwaterAsia.info|url=http://www.underwaterasia.info/dive-guide-philippines/sulu-sea.php|website=www.underwaterasia.info|access-date=23 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160601110924/http://www.underwaterasia.info/dive-guide-philippines/sulu-sea.php|archive-date=1 June 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Borneo]] ditemu ba barat daya lalu [[Visayas]] ba timur laut. Tasik Sulu ngundan sekeda pulau. [[Pulau-pulau Cuyo]]<ref>''Traveler's Companion Philippines 1998'' p.214 Kirsten Ellis, Globe Pequot Press Globe Pequot, 1998</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Jewel of Sulu Sea - The Manila Times Online|url=http://www.manilatimes.net/jewel-of-sulu-sea/208098/|access-date=23 April 2018|work=www.manilatimes.net}}</ref> enggau Pulau-pulau Cagayan nyadi sebagi ari pelilih menua Palawan lalu [[Mapun]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Mapun - island, Philippines|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Mapun|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> enggau [[Pulau Penyu, Tawi-Tawi|Pulau Penyu]] nyadi sebagi ari pelilih menua [[Tawi-Tawi]].<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica: Tawi-Tawi">{{cite web|title=Tawi Tawi - island, Philippines|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tawi-Tawi|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> Tasik Sulu mega endur Taman Marin Negara Terumbu Karang Tubbataha, siti ari [[Palan Pesaka Dunya]].<ref>C.Michael Hogan. 2011. ''Sulu Sea''. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. P.Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. Washington DC</ref> [[Teluk Panay]] nyadi sambung ari Tasik Sulu. Selat ke pansut ari Tasik Sulu nyengkaum [[Selat Iloilo]], [[Selat Guimaras]], enggau [[Selat Basilan]]. == Geografi == Pemesai tasik tu iya nya {{convert|260,000|sqkm|sp=us}}.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica: Sulu Sea2">{{cite web|title=Sulu Sea - sea, Pacific Ocean|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Sulu-Sea|access-date=16 June 2020}}</ref> [[Tasik Luar Pasifik]] nelusur ngagai Tasik Sulu di utara Mindanao enggau entara Kepulauan Sangihe talaud, Sulawesi Utara.<ref>{{cite web|title=Geographic Scope — Sulu-Celebes Sea Sustainable Fisheries Management (SSME)|url=http://scfishproject.iwlearn.org/about/the-region/geographic-scope|website=scfishproject.iwlearn.org|access-date=23 April 2018|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423170643/http://scfishproject.iwlearn.org/about/the-region/geographic-scope}}</ref> == Rentang == [[Gerempung Hidrografi Antarabansa]] (IHO) meri definisyen Tasik Sulu nyadi siti ari ai [[Pulau-pulau Hindia Timur]]. IHO netapka batas iya baka tu:<ref>{{cite web|url=https://iho.int/uploads/user/pubs/standards/s-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|title=Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition|year=1953|publisher=International Hydrographic Organization|access-date=28 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207191813/http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf|archive-date=7 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> Tasik tu ngerentang urung {{convert|490|miles|sp=us}} ari utara ke selatan enggau {{convert|375|miles|sp=us}} ari timur ngagai barat. Gelumbang ulih ngerembai ngagai {{convert|25|km|sp=us}} ngagai {{convert|35|km|sp=us}}.<ref name="INTERNAL WAVES IN THE SULU SEA">{{cite web|last1=Earth|first1=NASA's Visible|title=Internal waves in the Sulu Sea, between Malaysia and the Philippines|url=https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=70670|website=visibleearth.nasa.gov|access-date=23 April 2018|language=en|date=11 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316140203/https://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view.php?id=70670|archive-date=16 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Penalam tasik nya {{convert|4400|m|sp=us}} dalam tang ba ujung selatan iya Kepulauan Sulu ngangkatka dasar tasik ngagai {{convert|100|m|sp=us}}.<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica: Sulu Sea2" /> {{Blockquote|''Ba Barat Laut.'' Ari [[Tanjung Simpang Mengayau|Tanjong Sempang Mangayau]], Titik utara [[Borneo]], ngelintang batas timur [[Tasik China Selatan]] ngagai Tanjung Calavite, Titik barat laut [[Mindoro]]. ''Ba Timur Laut.'' Pantai barat daya Mindoro ngagai Titik Buruncan, titik pemadu selatan iya, ari nya siti garis nengah Pulau Semirara enggau Caluya ngagai Titik Nasog ({{coord|11|53|N|121|53|E|display=inline}}) titik pemadu barat laut [[Panay]], ari nya pantai Barat enggau Tenggara pulau nya ngagai Pulau Tagubanhan ({{coord|11|08|N|123|07|E|display=inline}}), ari nya siti garis ngagai ujung Utara [[Pulau Negros|Negros]] lalu nurun ke pantai Barat ngagai Titik Siaton, ujung Selatan iya, ari nya meraka ngagai Titik Tagolo ({{coord|8|44|N|123|22|E|display=inline}}), [[Mindanao]]. ''Ba Tenggara.'' Ari Titik Tagolo, nurun ke pantai Barat Mindanao ngagai ujung Barat Daya ari nya ngagai pantai Utara [[Basilan (pulau)|Pulau Basilan]]. ({{coord|6|45|N|122|04|E|display=inline}}), nengah pulau tu ngagai ujung Selatan iya, ari nya siti garis ngagai Pulau Bitinan ({{coord|6|04|N|121|27|E|display=inline}}) ari ujung Timur [[Pulau Jolo|Jolo]], nengah Jolo ngagai siti titik dalam panjai. 121°04'E ba tebing tasik Selatan iya, ari nya nengah Pulau [[Tapul, Sulu|Tapul]] enggau [[Lugus, Sulu|Lugus]] lalu sepemanjai tebing tasik Utara [[Tawi-Tawi|Pulau Tawi Tawi]] ngagai [[Bongao, Tawi-Tawi|Pulau Bongao]] ba ujung Barat iya ({{coord|5|01|N|119|45|E|display=inline}}), lalu ari nya ngagai Tanjong Labian .,<ref name="Encyclopedia Britannica: Tawi-Tawi"/> titik pemadu Timur Laut Borneo. ''Ba Barat Daya.'' Pantai Utara Borneo entara Tanjung Labian enggau Tanjung Simpang Mengayau.}} == Kereban sanding == {{Reflist}} == Laman web ke bukai == * {{Commons category-inline|Sulu Sea}} * {{Cite book |last=Jose A. Ingles |url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PBAAB124.pdf |title=In Turbulent Seas: The Status of Philippine Marine Fisheries |last2=Romeo B. Trono |date=2004 |publisher=Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources |isbn=971-92753-4-0 |pages=336–341 |chapter=Ecosystem Fisheries Management: A New Approach to Address Biodiversity Loss Caused by Fisheries in the Sulu-Sulawesi Seas |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429082453/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/pbaab124.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2017 |url-status=dead}} {{Authority control}} 7si3tixb0be7hpfhjwze4pw1ol3ujuk