Wikipedia ibawiki https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambar_Keterubah MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23 first-letter Media Spesyel Randau Penggena Randau penggena Wikipedia Randau Wikipedia Fail Randau fail MediaWiki Randau MediaWiki Templat Randau templat Bantu Randau bantu Kategori Randau kategori TimedText TimedText talk Modul Randau modul Acara Perbincangan acara Singapura 0 2056 19979 19499 2026-10-13T08:02:50Z Jang Edgar 20 Digaga nengah chara salin bagi "History" ari lambar "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1379468381|Singapore]]" 19979 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Singapura | common_name = Singapore | native_name = {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:80%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1=[[Jaku Melayu]]: |data1={{Lang|ms|Republik Singapura}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2=[[Jaku Mandarin]]:|data2={{Lang|zh|新加坡共和国}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3=[[Jaku Tamil]]: |data3={{Lang|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு}} }} | image_flag = Flag of Singapore.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Singapore.svg | symbol_width = 90px | other_symbol = | national_motto = {{Native name|ms|Majulah Singapura}}<br />"Mansang meh Singapura" | national_anthem = {{Native name|ms|[[Majulah Singapura]]}}<br />"Onward Singapore"<br/><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{Center|[[Fail:Majulah Singapura.ogg]]}}</div> | image_map = Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg | map_width = 250px | coordinates = {{Coord|1|17|N|103|50|E|type:city(5,700,000)_region:SG|display=inline,title}} | capital = '''Singapura''' ([[city-state]]){{Efn|Singapore has no official distinct capital city as it is a [[city-state]].<ref name="City-state">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Singapore |quote=The city, once a [[City of Singapore (historical entity)|distinct entity]], so came to dominate the island that the Republic of Singapore essentially became a city-state. |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |access-date=29 August 2019 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828055010/https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | largest_settlement = [[Bedok]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/geographic-distribution/visualising-data/geographical-distribution-dashboard|title=Singapore Department of Statistics population report for 2022|publisher=Singstat|accessdate=7 June 2023|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224122208/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/geographic-distribution/visualising-data/geographical-distribution-dashboard|url-status=live}}</ref> | largest_settlement_type = [[Planning Areas of Singapore|planning area]] {{Nobold|by population}} | languages_type = Jaku Rasmi | languages = {{Hlist|[[Jaku Inggeris Singapura|Jaku Inggeris]]|[[Jaku Melayu]]|[[Jaku Mandarin]]|[[Jaku Tamil]]}} | languages2_type = [[Jaku Nasional]] | languages2 = [[Jaku Melayu]] | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|74.0% [[Orang China Singapura|China]]|13.5% [[Orang Melayu Singapura|Melayu]]|9.0% [[Orang India Singapura|India]]|3.4% [[Demografi Singapura|ke bukai]]}} | ethnic_groups_ref = {{Efn|Proportions of ethnic groups are calculated based only on the resident population, which comprises Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PR).<ref name="census2020">{{Cite web |title=Population Trends 2023 |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/population2023.ashx |website=Singapore Department of Statistics |access-date=6 July 2024 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706140335/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/population2023.ashx|url-status=live }}</ref>}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = {{Efn|Proportions of religious denominations are calculated based only on the resident population, which comprises Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PR).<ref name="census2020"/>}} | religion = {{Ublist|31.1% [[Pengarap Buddha ba Singapura|Buddha]]|20.0% [[Penadai Pengarap ba Singapura|nadai pengarap]]|18.9% [[Kristian ba Singapura|Kristian]]|15.6% [[Islam ba Singapura|Islam]]|8.8% [[Taoisme ba Singapura|Taoisme]]| 5.0% [[Hindu in Singapura|Hindu]]| 0.6% [[Pengarap ba Singapore|ke bukai]]}} | demonym = | government_type = [[Republik beparlimen]] parti dominan beserakup | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Singapura|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] | leader_title2 = [[Menteri Besai Singapora|Menteri Besai]] | leader_name2 = [[Lawrence Wong]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore|Speaker of Parliament]] | leader_name3 = [[Seah Kian Peng]] | leader_title4 = [[Ketuai Pengelurus Singapore|Ketuai Pengelurus]] | leader_name4 = [[Sundaresh Menon]] | legislature = [[Parliamen Singapura|Parliamen]] | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Meredeka | sovereignty_note = ari [[United Kingdom]] enggau [[Malaysia]] | established_event1 = {{Nowrap|[[Perintah Kediri Singapura|Perintah kediri]]}} | established_date1 = 3 Jun 1959 | established_event2 = {{Nowrap|[[Sempekat Malaysia]]}} | established_date2 = 16 September 1963 | established_event3 = [[Proklamasyen Singapura]] | established_date3 = 9 Ogos 1965 | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | area_km2 = 735.2 | area_footnote = <ref name="total area of Singapore">{{Cite web |title=Environment - Latest Data |date=31 January 2023 |publisher=Singapore Department of Statistics |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |access-date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719053602/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_rank = 176th | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5,917,600{{Efn|Singapore Citizen (SC) population is 3,610,700, Permanent Resident (PR) population is 538,600, Non-Resident population is 1,768,300.<ref name="Population and Population Structure">{{Cite web |title=Population and Population Structure |publisher=Department of Statistics Singapore |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data|access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052657/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data |archive-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 113rd | population_density_km2 = 7,804 | population_density_sq_mi = auto | population_density_rank = 2nd | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $794.179 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.SG">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=576,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Singapore) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 38th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $133,737<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 3rd | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $525.228 billion<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 32nd | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $91,100<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 5th | Gini = 45.9 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web|title=Distribution of Family Income – GINI Index |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113028/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.949 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 9th | currency = [[Dollar Singapura]] (S$) | currency_code = SGD | time_zone = [[Singapore Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +8 | antipodes = | date_format = {{Abbr|dd|day}}/{{Abbr|mm|month}}/{{Abbr|yyyy|year}} | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+65|+65]] | iso3166code = SG | cctld = [[.sg|.sg]] }} '''Singapura''' tauka nama resmi iya '''Republik Singapura''' ia nya siti menua pulau ti bepalan ba tepi hujung selatan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Menua nya urung satu darjah latitud (137 kilometer tauka 85 batu) utara ekuator, ari ujung selatan [[Semenanjung Tanah Melayu]], besepiak enggau [[Selat Melaka]] ba barat, [[Selat Singapura]] ba selatan begulai enggau [[Pulau Riau]] di [[Indonesia]], [[Tasik China Selatan]] ba timur, enggau [[Selat Johor]] enggau Negeri [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]] ba timur. == Nama enggau asal nama == Nama Singapura datai ari leka jaku Melayu, Singapura ke datai ari leka [[jaku Sanskrit]] ti mai reti 'mengeri singa' ({{langx|sa|सिंहपुर}}; <small>[[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|romanised:]]</small> {{lang|sa-Latn|Siṃhapura}}; [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]: {{lang|sa-Brah|𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭}}; enggau literal mai reti "mengeri singa"; {{wikt-lang|sa|सिंह|siṃha|script=Latn}} reti iya 'singa', {{wikt-lang|sa|पुर|pura|script-Latn}} reti iya 'nengeri' tauka 'kubu').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010411060419/http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html|url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2001 |title=Singapore |publisher=Bartleby |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> Pulau Ujong nya siti ari endur ke pemadu tumu nyebut pasal Pulau Singapura, ke setipak enggau cherita China ari abad ketiga ke nyebut pasal endur nyadi ''[[Pulau Ujong|Pú Luó Zhōng]]'' ({{zh|c=[[wikt:蒲|蒲]] [[wikt:羅|羅]] [[wikt:中|中]]}}), transkripsyen nama jaku Melayu ke ‘pulau ba ujung semenanjung’.<ref name="utexas">{{cite web |title=Singapore: History, Singapore 1994 |url=http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/singapore/Singapore-History.html |publisher=Asian Studies @ University of Texas at Austin |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323095958/http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/Singapore/Singapore-History.html |archive-date=23 March 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Penerang keterubah pasal nama ''Temasek'' (tauka ''Tumasik'') bisi ditemu dalam [[Nagarakretagama]], iya nya bup eulogi jaku Jawa ke ditulis dalam taun 1365, enggau bup jaku Vietnam ari timpuh ke sama. Nama tu engka mai reti Mengeri Tasik, laban iya datai ari jaku Melayu tasek, reti iya ‘tasik’ tauka ‘danau’.<ref name="toponym">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTOJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA381 |title=Singapore Street Names: A Study of Toponymics |author1=Victor R Savage |author2=Brenda Yeoh |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |date=15 June 2013 |isbn=9789814484749 |page=381 |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412012131/https://books.google.com/books?id=DTOJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA381 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pemata ari menua China ke benama [[Wang Dayuan]] ngabas siti endur kena taun 1330 dikumbai ''Danmaxi'' ({{zh|c=淡馬錫|p= Dànmǎxí|w=Tan Ma Hsi}}) tauka ''Tam ma siak'', bepanggai ba chara nyebut; tu engka transkripsyen Temasek, tauka, iya engka gempung leka jaku Melayu ''Tanah'' enggau jaku China ''xi'' ti mai reti ‘tin’, ti kala didagangka ba pulau nya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173 |title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800 |author1-link=John N. Miksic |author=John N. Miksic |publisher=NUS Press |date=15 November 2013 |isbn=978-9971695743 |pages=171–182 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143007/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="toponym" /> Variasyen nama {{lang|sa-Latn|Siṃhapura}} dikena ungkup sekeda mengeri di serata pelilih menua sebedau numbuhka Perintah Singapura. Dalam budaya Hindu–Buddha, singa dikaitka enggau kuasa sereta nyaga, ti engka nerangka penarit nama ti baka nya.{{sfn|Miksic|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 151–152]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ |title=5 other places in Asia which are also called Singapura |author=Joshua Lee |work=Mothership |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406022412/https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Nama ''Singapura'' nganti Temasek kira-kira sebedau kurun ke-15, pengudah penumbuh Perintah Singapura ba pulau nya ulih siku ''Raja'' (putera) Sumatera ti rari ari [[Palembang]]. Taja pia, maya enggau kebuah ke bendar nama nya ditukar bedau ditemu. Karang Sulalatus Salatin setengah sejarah madahka Temasek ditukar Sang Nila Utama nama iya nyadi Singapura, siku Raja Sumatera abad ke-13 ari Palembang. Sulalatus Salatin mega madahka Sang Nila Utama betemu enggau jelu ti nyelai ba pulau nya ti diambi iya nyadi singa. Meda utai tu nyadika tanda, iya lalu numbuhka menua Singapura endur iya betemu enggau jelu nya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sejarah-melayu-cheah-boon-kheng/page/n1/mode/2up?q= |title=Sejarah Melayu The Malay Annals MS RAFFLES No. 18 Edisi Rumi Baru/New Romanised Edition |date=1998 |publisher=Academic Art & Printing Services Sdn. Bhd. |isbn=967-9948-13-7 |editor-last1=Kheng |editor-first1=Cheah Boon |editor-last2=Ismail |editor-first2=Abdul Rahman Haji}}</ref>{{Rp|37, 88–92}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brown |first=C.C. |date=October 1952 |title=The Malay Annals translated from Raffles MS 18 |url=https://archive.org/details/malay-annals-C.-C.-Brown/page/n1/mode/2up?q= |journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=25 |issue=2&3 |pages=1–276}}</ref>{{Rp|30–31}} Hipotesis kedua ti diambi ari sumber jaku Portugis, ngepostulatka cherita mitos tu bepelasarka pengidup ti bendar Parameswara ari Palembang. Parameswara madahka diri meredeka ari Majapahit lalu niki Panggau Singa. Udah nya dibuai orang Jawa, iya lalu ngerampas kuasa atas Temasek. Iya engka udah ngaga baru nama endur nya nyadi Singapura, ngingatka kerusi diraja ti udah dibuai iya.<ref name="turnbull">{{cite book |last=Turnbull |first=C.M. |author-link=C. M. Turnbull |title=A History of Modern Singapore, 1819–2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |publisher=NUS Press |year=2009 |pages=21–22 |isbn=978-9971-69-430-2 |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143058/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lebuh Jipun megai menua nya, Singapura diberi nama baru {{Nihongo|''Syonan-to''|[[wikt:昭|昭]] [[wikt:南|南]]|Shōnan|lead=yes}}, ti mai reti 'penampak selatan'.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abshire |first=Jean |title=The History of Singapore |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHF59oExO80C&pg=PA104 |isbn=978-0-313-37743-3 |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000704/https://books.google.com/books?id=AHF59oExO80C&pg=PA104 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1=Kevin |first2=Karl |last2=Hack |title=Did Singapore Have to Fall?: Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress |year=2004 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-203-40440-9 |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TUC2qveu-b8C&pg=PA132 |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000739/https://books.google.com/books?id=TUC2qveu-b8C&pg=PA132 |url-status=live}}</ref> Singapura kekadang disebut ngena nama kumbai "Nengeri Taman", lebuh ti ngenang pasal taman enggau jalai ti bebaris enggau pun kayu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Goetz |first1=Philip W. |title=Singapore <!-- this is a guess fixing a bollixed ref --> |quote="Singapore, known variously as the 'Lion City,' or 'Garden City,' the latter for its many parks and tree-lined streets |encyclopedia=The New Encyclopædia Britannica |location=Chicago |edition=15th |date=1991 |page=832 |isbn=978-0-85229-529-8 |bibcode=1991neb..book.....G}}</ref> Siti agi nama ti enda formal, iya nya “Titik Mirah Mit”, dikena sepengudah artikel dalam ''Asian Wall Street Journal'' kena 4 Ogos 1998 madahka Presiden Indonesia B. J. Habibie ngumbai Singapura nyadi titik mirah ba kar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Glennie |first1=Charlotte |last2=Ang |first2=Mavis |last3=Rhys |first3=Gillian |last4=Aul |first4=Vidhu |last5=Walton |first5=Nicholas |title=50 reasons Singapore is the best city in the world |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/singapore-50-reasons |quote="The Lion City. The Garden City. The Asian Tiger. The 'Fine' City. All venerable nicknames, and the longtime favourite is the 'Little Red Dot'" |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=6 August 2015 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807045157/http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/singapore-50-reasons |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A little red dot in a sea of green |url=https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21657610-sense-vulnerability-has-made-singapore-what-it-today-can-it-now-relax-bit |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=16 July 2015 |quote="..with a characteristic mixture of pride and paranoia, Singapore adopted 'little red dot' as a motto" |location=London |access-date=16 October 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016175357/https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21657610-sense-vulnerability-has-made-singapore-what-it-today-can-it-now-relax-bit |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Editorial: The mighty red dot |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2017/09/08/editorial-the-mighty-red-dot.html |work=[[The Jakarta Post]] |date=8 September 2017 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128071756/https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2017/09/08/editorial-the-mighty-red-dot.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Habibie truly admired the 'Little Red Dot' |newspaper=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]] |date=20 September 2006}}.</ref> ==Nota== {{notelist}} == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Menua ba Asia]] == Sejarah == === Singapura Kelia === Dalam taun 1299, nitihka ''Sulalatus Salatin'', menua [[Perintah Singapura]] ditumbuhka [[Sang Nila Utama]] ba pulau nya. <ref>{{Cite book |last=<!--unknown; old historical document--> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9JAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA43 |title=Malay Annals |date=1821 |page=43 |translator-last=Leyden |translator-first=John}}</ref> Taja pan sejarah cherita baka ke diberi dalam ''Sulalatus Salatin'' nyadi subjek jurai akademik, {{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} taja pia ditemu ari mayuh macham dokumen ti madahka Singapura ba abad ke-14, maya nya dikelala enggau nama ''[[Temasek]]'', nyadi palan penyangkai kapal dagang di baruh pengaruh kededua Empayar [[Majapahit]] enggau perintah-perintah [[Perintah Ayutthaya|Siam]],{{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} sereta bagi ari [[Indosfer]].<ref name="Dixon2">{{cite book |last1=Dixon |first1=Robert M.W. |url=https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002 |title=Adjective Classes: A Cross-linguistic Typology |last2=Alexandra |first2=Y. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-19-920346-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002/page/n96 74] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Matisoff19902">{{Citation|last=Matisoff|first=James|title=On Megalocomparison|journal=Language|volume=66|issue=1|pages=106–120|year=1990|doi=10.2307/415281|jstor=415281|author-link=James Matisoff}}</ref><ref name="Enfield2">{{Citation|last=Enfield|first=N.J.|title=Areal Linguistics and Mainland Southeast Asia|journal=Annual Review of Anthropology|volume=34|pages=181–206|year=2005|url=http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf|access-date=5 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816071246/http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead|doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120406|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0013-167B-C|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="academia edu2">{{cite journal|last1=Lavy|first1=Paul A.|year=2003|title=As in Heaven, So on Earth: The Politics of Visnu Siva and Harihara Images in Preangkorian Khmer Civilisation|url=https://www.academia.edu/2635407|url-status=live|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|publisher=Academia|volume=34|issue=1|pages=21–39|doi=10.1017/S002246340300002X|issn=0022-4634|s2cid=154819912|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812222402/https://www.academia.edu/2635407|archive-date=12 August 2021|access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Results of the 1995–1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia|url=http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/people/faculty/stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172419/http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/People/Faculty/Stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|access-date=5 July 2015|publisher=University of Hawai'i-Manoa}}</ref> Perintah-perintah ti udah bisi pengaruh India tu ditanda enggau daya tahan ti ngalitka ati, integriti politik enggau penegap jalai perintah.<ref>Pierre-Yves Manguin, "From Funan to Sriwijaya: Cultural continuities and discontinuities in the Early Historical maritime states of Southeast Asia", in ''25 tahun kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi dan Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient,'' Jakarta, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi / EFEO, 2002, p. 59–82.</ref> Sumber sejarah mega nunjukka urung ujung kurun ke-14, pemerintah iya [[Parameswara ari Melaka|Parameswara]] diserang sekalika bansa Majapahit tauka bansa Siam, ngujungka iya pindah ke [[Melaka]] ke alai iya numbuhka [[Kesultanan Melayu Melaka|Kesultanan Melaka]].{{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} Bukti arkeologi nunjukka palan pengentap pendiau besai ba Fort Canning Hill udah ditinggalka urung maya tu, taja pan palan pengentap pendiau dagang mit majak nyadi di Singapura dalam kandang sekeda maya udah nya.<ref name="turnbull">{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=C.M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |title=A History of Modern Singapore, 1819–2005 |publisher=NUS Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-9971-69-430-2 |pages=21–22 |author-link=C. M. Turnbull |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143058/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=5 March 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam taun 1613, bala penyerang [[Bansa Portugis|Portugis]] nunu palan pengentap pendiau nya, lalu pulau nya pudar pengelama dua abad ke nangkanka nya.<ref name="Borschbergp157-158">{{Cite book |last=Borschberg |first=P. |title=The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th century |publisher=NUS Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-9971-69-464-7 |location=Singapore |pages=157–158}}</ref> Maya nya, Singapura nyadi sebagi ari [[Kesultanan Johor]].<ref name="country studies2">{{cite web|title=Country Studies: Singapore: History|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923070753/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm|archive-date=23 September 2006|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Kandang menua maritim ti lebih luas sereta mayuh dagang dipegai Belanda dalam timpuh ti nangkanka nya pengudah [[Melaka Belanda|Belanda ngalahka Melaka]] dalam taun 1641.<ref name="uslcFοunding">{{Cite book |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/ |title=Singapore: A Country Study |publisher=GPO for tus/singapore/4.htm |year=1989 |editor-last=Leitch Lepoer |editor-first=Barbara |series=Country Studies |access-date=18 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015211019/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/ |archive-date=15 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Pegai British === [[File:Letter_from_William_Farquhar_to_Sultan_Muhammad_Kanzul_Alam,_the_Sultan_of_Brunei,_dated_28_November_1819.jpg|thumb| Surat ari [[William Farquhar]] ngagai Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam, [[Sultan Brunei|Sultan Ke-21 Brunei]], kena 28 Nonember 1819. Ba baris keterubah, Farquhar bisi nyebut pasal Sultan Hussein Shah enggau Temenggong Abdul Rahman ngemendarka [[Kompeni Hindia Timur British]] numbuhka kilang di Singapura kena 6 Februari 1819.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicholl |first=Robert |title=From Buckfast to Borneo: Essays Presented to Father Robert Nicholl on the 85th Anniversary of His Birth, 27 March 1995 |last2=King |first2=Victor T. |last3=Horton |first3=A. V. H. |publisher=University of Hull |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-85958-836-2 |location=Hull, England |pages=219 |chapter=Malay sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the early nineteenth century: some letters from the reign of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (Annabel Teh Gallop) |oclc=35366675 |access-date=24 April 2022 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000715/https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |title=Farquhar Letterbook (Add MS 12398) |year=1842 |pages=39–40 |language=ms |chapter=Ini kupia surat kepada Raja Barunai |trans-chapter=This is a copy of the letter to the Raja of Brunei |access-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424173837/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |archive-date=24 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Gabenor British [[Stamford Raffles]] datai di Singapura kena 28 Januari 1819 lalu enda lama udah nya iya ngaku pulau nya nyadi pilih semula jadi ungkup palan penyangkai kapal baru nya.<ref name="YongRao1995">{{Cite book |last=Mun Cheong Yong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3 |title=Singapore-India Relations: A Primer |last2=V. V. Bhanoji Rao |publisher=NUS Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-9971-69-195-0 |page=3 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000734/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pulau tu udah nya diperintah enggau nama ulih [[Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah|Tengku Abdul Rahman]], [[Sultan Johor]], ti dikuasa [[Empayar koloni Belanda|Belanda]] enggau orang [[Bansa Bugis|Bugis]].<ref name="Trocki2009">{{Cite book |last=Trocki |first=Carl A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |title=Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-134-50243-1 |page=73 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000706/https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Taja pia, Kesultanan nya lemi ketegal bepechah-belah: [[Temenggong Abdul Rahman|Abdul Rahman]], [[Temenggong ari Johor|Temenggong Johor]] ngagai Tengku Abdul Rahman, pia mega bala pemesai iya, taluk ngagai menyadi tuai Sultan [[Hussein Shah ari Johor|Tengku Long]], ti benung diau di buangan di [[Pulau Penyengat]], [[Pulau-pulau Riau]]. Enggau saup sida Temenggong, Raffles mujur mai Tengku Long pulai ngagai menua Singapura. Raffles bisi meri penemu deka ngaku Tengku Long nyadi Sultan Johor ti patut, ngena gelar Sultan Hussein, lalu pia mega meri iya bayar setaun sepenyampau $5000 enggau $3000 agi ngagai Temenggong; nyadika balas, Sultan Hussein deka meri hak ngagai British numbuhka palan dagang ba Singapura.<ref name="uslcFounding">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Founding and Early Years|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117143728/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|archive-date=17 November 2022|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[U.S. Library of Congress]]}}</ref> [[Sempekat Singapura 1819|Sempekat Singapura]] disain kena 6 Februari 1819.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Jenny|date=7 February 1997|title=1819 – The February Documents|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065310/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|archive-date=17 July 2017|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Ministry of Defence]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Milestones in Singapore's Legal History|url=http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183512/http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[Supreme Court, Singapore]]}}</ref> Dalam taun 1824, sempekat ke bukai enggau Sultan ngujungka serata pulau nya nyadi sebagi ari [[Empayar British]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore2">{{cite web|title=Founding of Modern Singapore|url=http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508135636/http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-date=8 May 2009|access-date=13 April 2011|publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts]]}}</ref> Dalam taun 1826, Singapura nyadi sebagi ari [[Negeri-negeri Selat]], maya nya di baruh kuasa India British. Singapura nyadi indu nengeri pelilih menua dalam taun 1836.<ref>{{cite web|title=East & South-East Asia Titles: Straits Settlements Annual Reports (Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan) 1855–1941|url=http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609014003/http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|archive-date=9 June 2012|access-date=31 July 2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> Sebedau penatai Raffles, semina bisi urung seribu iku aja orang ke diau ba pulau nya, ke tebal agi bansa asal [[Melayu]] begulai enggau sekeda [[Orang China menua tasik|bansa China]].<ref name="The Malays2">{{cite web|title=The Malays|url=http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223000344/http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|archive-date=23 February 2011|access-date=28 July 2011|publisher=National Heritage Board 2011}}</ref> Datai ba taun 1860, penyampau tubuh udah nambah ngagai lebih 80,000 iku, lalu lebih ari setengah ari sida nya [[Orang China Singapura|bansa China]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore">{{Cite web}}</ref> Mayuh ari orang ke dulu datai ari menua bukai tu datai gawa ba kebun lada enggau gambir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanderson |first=Reginald |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023134368#page/n227/mode/2up |title=Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources |date=1907 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Arnold |pages=220–221 |editor-last2=Cartwright |editor-first2=H.A.}}</ref> Dalam taun 1867, Negeri-negeri Selat diseraraka ari India British, lalu dikuasa terus Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore attains crown colony status – Singapore History|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414171544/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=22 December 2025|website=nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> Udah nya, dalam taun 1890-an, lebuh industri getah udah tegap di [[Negeri Singapura (Malaysia)|Malaya]] enggau Singapura,<ref>{{cite web|title=First Rubber Trees are Planted in Singapore – 1877|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614122517/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|archive-date=14 June 2018|access-date=28 December 2025|website=History SG|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> pulau tu nyadi palan global endur milih enggau eksport getah.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /> [[File:Singapore_1865_SLNSW_FL15083916.jpg|thumb| Litograf ti digaga [[Vincent Brooks, Day & Son|Vincent Brooks]] ari [[Nengeri Singapura (entiti besejarah)|Nengeri Singapura]] dalam taun 1865 ari Gunung Wallich ke suba.]] Singapura enda balat kena empas [[Perang Dunya Keterubah]] (1914–1918), laban konflik nya enda ngerembai ngagai [[Asia Tenggara]]. Semina utai ke besai reti maya perang nya iya nya [[Charut Singapura 1915]] ke digaga bala sepoy [[Orang Islam|Islam]] ari India British, ke dijaga di Singapura.<ref name="Brill1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |title=The Indian Army in the Two World Wars |date=14 October 2011 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-21145-2 |pages=17–18 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000843/https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah ninga berita selebubu madahka sida deka dianjung ngelaban [[Empayar Ottoman]], sebengkah menua Islam, bala soldadu nya ngelaban, munuh pemesai sida enggau sekeda periman British sebedau pengawa ngelaban nya ditekan soldadu ukai Islam ke datai ari [[Johor]] enggau [[Myanmar|Burma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1915 Singapore Mutiny|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=82db2bb0-b99c-4a9f-9beb-b25626cb3f87|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200105/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_570_2005-01-24.html|archive-date=25 February 2021|access-date=28 December 2025|website=National Library Board|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> [[File:HMS-Repulse-Battlecruiser-IWM-collections.jpg|thumb| Kapal perang [[HMS Repulse (1916)|HMS Repulse]], siti ari sekeda kapal modal ti dianjung Churchill ke Singapura dikena ngetanka iya.]] Udah [[Perang Dunya Keterubah|Perang Dunya I]], British ngaga [[Pengkalan Soldadu Tasik Singapura]] ti besai nyadi sebagi ari strategi pengetan Singapura.<ref name="Stille2016">{{Cite book |last=Stille |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Malaya and Singapore 1941–42: The fall of Britain's empire in the East |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4728-1124-0 |pages=5–6 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000710/https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Keterubah iya dipadahka dalam taun 1921, pengawa ngaga pengkalan nya bejalai enggau pengelaju nyentukka [[Serang Jipun ngagai Manchuria|Jipun nyerang Manchuria]] dalam taun 1931. Beungkus $60 juta lalu bedau tembu digaga enggau penuh dalam taun 1938, taja pia iya nyadi palan penyangkai kapal kering ke pemadu besai di dunya, palan penyangkai kapal apung ketiga pemadu besai, lalu bisi tangki minyak ke chukup dikena nyukung semua soldadu tasik British pengelama enam bulan.<ref name="Stille2016" /><ref name="Tan2008">{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2008 |isbn=978-981-230-878-8 |pages=90–}}</ref><ref name="Hobbs2017">{{Cite book |last=Hobbs |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-61251-917-3 |page=5 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211001300/https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pengkalan nya dibela ngena berat 15-inch (380 mm) senapang soldadu tasik ke diengkah ba [[Kubu Siloso]], Kubu Canning enggau Labrador, sereta mega padang bilun [[Soldadu Langit Diraja]] ba [[Pengkalan Langit Tengah]]. [[Winston Churchill]] ngumbai iya nyadi "[[Gibraltar]] Timur", lalu randau soldadu suah ngumbai pengkalan nya semina "[[Timur Suez]]". Taja pia, British Home Fleet diau ba Eropah, lalu British enda ulih ngaga armada kedua dikena nyaga pemerat sida di Asia. Perambu nya ngambika Home Fleet belayar enggau jampat ke Singapura enti sema bisi penusah ngenyit nyadi. Pengudah [[Perang Dunya Kedua]] nyadi dalam taun 1939, armada nya penuh enggau pengetan Britain, ngujungka Singapura mudah kena [[Pemegai Jipun ba Singapura|serang Jipun]].<ref name="LambTarling2001">{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Margaret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |title=From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia |last2=Tarling |first2=Nicholas |date=2001 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-1-4039-3772-8 |page=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818180438/https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |archive-date=18 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2008 |isbn=978-981-230-878-8}}</ref> === Pemegai Jipun === [[File:Evacuation_of_British_POWs,_Kallang_Airport,_Singapore_-_19450908.jpg|kiri|thumb| Bala orang tangkap perang British mindah dalam taun 1945 berindik ari [[Penyerah diri Jipun|Jepun nyerah diri]] ba [[Padang Bilun Kallang]]. Menara kawal padang bilun ke bepalan semak mengeri nya udah dijaga.]] Maya [[Perang Pasifik]], [[Kimpin Malaya|serang Jipun ngagai Malaya]] ngujungka [[Pengelabuh Singapura|Perang Singapura]] nyadi. Lebuh soldadu British ke bisi 60,000 iku soldadu nyerah kena 15 Februari 1942, menteri besai British Winston Churchill ngumbai alah nya “penusah ke pemadu jai sereta selinda ke pemadu besai dalam sejarah British”.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 February 1942|title=On This Day&nbsp;– 15 February 1942: Singapore forced to surrender|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519174009/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|archive-date=19 May 2019|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Pengerugi British enggau Empayar maya beperang ngulihka Singapura balat, enggau penyampau urung 85,000 iku raban ke ditangkap.{{Sfn|Wigmore|1957}} Urung 5,000 iku mati tauka bakal,<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Singapore|url=http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512181020/http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|archive-date=12 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|publisher=World History Group}}</ref> lalu ari penyampau nya [[orang Australia]] nyadi majoriti.{{Sfn|Legg|1965}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Ooi|first=Teresa|date=17 January 1995|title=1,000 Aussie victims of WWII join suit against Japan|newspaper=[[The Straits Times]]|location=Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=12 September 1946|title=South West Pacific War: Australia's Fine Record|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220093327/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article|archive-date=20 December 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penyampau bebadi nyawa Jipun maya perang di Singapura manggai 1,714 iku parai enggau 3,378 iku bakal.{{Sfn|Wigmore|1957}} Pengawa nguasa nya deka nyadika ubah besai dalam sejarah sekeda bansa, nyengkaum menua [[Jipun]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], enggau Singapura. Surat berita Jipun enggau ati ti menang madahka pemenang nya nyadika penentu situasyen am perang nya.{{Sfn|Toland|1970}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Singapore|url=http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512181020/http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|archive-date=12 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|publisher=World History Group}}</ref> Entara 5,000 ngagai 25,000 iku orang ari raban bansa China dibunuh dalam [[pemunuh bebala mayuh Sook Ching]] ke nyadi udah nya.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore, Shonan: Light of the South|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629230435/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=29 January 2011|website=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]]|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office|Government Printing Office]]|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> Bala soldadu British udah [[Operasyen Mailfist|merambu deka ngelepaska Singapura]] dalam taun 1945/1946; taja pia, perang nya abis sebedau operasyen tu ulih dipejalaika.{{Sfn|Bose|2010}}<ref name="auto12">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> === Timpuh pengudah perang === [[File:Map_of_Singapore_City_in_1951.png|kiri|thumb| Kar [[Nengeri Singapura (entiti besejarah)|Nengeri Singapura]] ba taun 1951]] Pengudah [[Serah diri Jipun|Jipun nyerah diri]] ngagai Serakup kena 15 Ogos 1945, Singapura labuh ngagai gaya ti kasar sereta charut enda lama; pengawa ngerumpak enggau munuh orang ketegal deka malas dendam kelebih agi ngagai bala kolaborator nya balat nyadi.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Keo|first1=Bernard Z|date=6 February 2025|title=Malaya Transformed: Upheaval in Post-War Malaya, 1945–1946|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/59235/chapter/499141301|journal=Imagining Malaya|pages=54–76|doi=10.1093/9780198917113.003.0003|url-access=subscription|access-date=14 January 2026}}</ref> Soldadu British, Australia, enggau India ti betuaika Lord [[Lord Mountbatten|Louis Mountbatten]] [[Operasyen Tiderace|pulai ke Singapura]] nerima surat nyerahka diri enggau rasmi soldadu Jipun ba pelilih menua nya ari Jeneral [[Seishirō Itagaki]] ngarika Jeneral [[Hisaichi Terauchi]] kena 12 September 1945.{{Sfn|Bose|2010}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Berebak enggau nya, [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] dipechara komisyen soldadu AS ketegal penyalah perang, tang ukai ketegal penyalah ke dikereja sedadu iya di Malaya tauka Singapura. Iya diukum lalu digantung di [[Komanwel Filipina|Filipina]] kena 23 Februari 1946.{{Sfn|Smith|2006}}<ref>{{cite news|date=23 February 1946|title=Yamashita Hanged|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022150250/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12|archive-date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|work=Malaya Tribune|location=Singapore}}</ref> Mayuh infrastruktur di Singapura udah rusak maya perang nyengkaum ke diguna dikena mekal perengka guna. Penanggul suntuk pemakai ngujungka kurang pemakai, penyakit, sereta pengawa jai enggau ulah ti kasar majak nyadi. Seriris pengawa mogok ba taun 1947 ngujungka perengka pengangkut mensia mayuh enggau servis bukai ngetu enggau besai. Taja pia, ba ujung taun 1947 ekonomi berengkah manah baru, ti dipemuntang ketegal peminta entarabansa ti majak nambah ba timah enggau getah.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar2">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Aftermath of War|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514010408/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm|archive-date=14 May 2011|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Pemuntan Britain mujur ngetanka koloni iya ngelaban Jepun ngubah imej iya ba mata orang Singapura. [[Administrasyen Soldadu British (Malaya)|Administrasyen Soldadu British]] abis kena 1 April 1946, lalu Singapura nyadi koloni mahkota kediri ba hak iya empu, laban Negeri-negeri Selat dibuai enggau formal ba taun nya.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar">{{Cite web}}</ref> Kena bulan Julai 1947, Kunsil [[Kabinet Singapura|Eksekutif]] enggau [[Kunsil Legislatif Singapura|Legislatif]] (LegCo) ditumbuhka baru lalu pengawa milih enam iku kaban LegCo diperambu kena taun 1948. Semina siti parti politik, [[Parti Progresif (Singapura)|Parti Progresif]], bediri minta pilih ba pengawa bepilih besai ti balat disekat, ti terus nyadi dalam [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1951|taun 1951]].<ref name="micaSelfGovernment2">{{cite web|title=Towards Self-government|url=http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713023113/http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm|archive-date=13 July 2006|access-date=18 June 2006|publisher=Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore}}</ref> Sekumbang taun 1950-an, [[Parti Kominis Malaya|komunis China]], enggau kaul ti tegap enggau gerempung gawa sereta sekula China, ngaga perang gerila ngelaban perintah, ngujungka [[Darurat Malaya]] nyadi. [[Charut Servis Nasional 1954|Penyarut Servis Nasional taun 1954]], [[penyarut bas Hock Lee]] taun 1955, enggau [[penyarut sekula tengah China]] taun 1956 di Singapura semua nya bisi kaul enggau penusah tu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Communism|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000409182924/http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm|archive-date=9 April 2000|access-date=29 January 2012|website=Thinkquest}}</ref> [[David Marshall (kaban politik Singapura)|David Marshall]], ketuai pro-merdeka ari [[Baris Buruh]], menang ba [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1955|pengawa bepilih besai Singapura dalam taun 1955]] ti ngembuan hak ngundi ti dikerembaika tang ukai hak ngundi semua orang.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Low|first=James|date=2004|title=Kept in Position: The Labour Front-Alliance Government of Chief Minister David Marshall in Singapore, April 1955 – June 1956|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556|url-status=live|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|volume=35|issue=1|pages=41–64|doi=10.1017/S0022463404000037|issn=0022-4634|jstor=20072556|s2cid=154326049|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419081147/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> Sekumbang iya nyadi kepala menteri, iya nguluka raban ngagai London ngambika ulih merintah diri enggau penuh, tang Britain udah nulak peminta iya. Udah nya iya badu mangku pengawa lalu diganti [[Lim Yew Hock]] dalam taun 1956, lalu pengudah berunding enggau silik agi, Britain setuju meri Singapura [[Pemerintah kediri Singapura|kuasa merintah diri]] dalaman penuh ungkup semua pekara kelimpah ari pengawa ngetan enggau pengawa luar kena 3 Jun 1959.<ref name="countrystudies10">{{cite web|title=Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|archive-date=4 July 2014|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Beberapa hari sebedau nya, ba [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1959|pengawa bepilih besai 30 Me]] ti bisi hak ngundi ungkup semua rayat, PAP menang enggau besai di baruh pegai [[Lee Kuan Yew]].<ref name="yewnyt2">{{cite news|date=2 December 1990|title=Headliners; Retiring, Semi|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318035148/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|archive-date=18 March 2009|access-date=27 December 2008|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Gabenor [[William Goode (pemesai kolonial)|William Goode]] nyadi tuai menua keterubah, ke mega dikelala enggau nama Yang di-Pertuan Negara.<ref name="Law2">{{cite web|title=The Singapore Legal System|url=http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225639/http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html|archive-date=3 June 2011|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=Singapore Academy of Law}}</ref> === Dalam menua Malaysia === [[File:SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009.jpg|thumb| Singapura ngerembai nyadi palan dagang. Dalam taun 1960-an, kapal bum dikena ngangkut kargo enggau bekal entara kapal semak tebing tasik enggau Sungai Singapura.]] [[File:Prime_Minister_Lee_Kuan_Yew_of_Singapore_Making_a_Toast_at_a_State_Dinner_Held_in_His_Honor,_1975.jpg|thumb| [[Lee Kuan Yew]], Menteri Besai Singapura keterubah ari taun 1959 ngagai 1990 .]] Bala ketuai PAP pechaya, pengidup Singapura jemah ila bepanggai ba Malaya, ketegal kaul ti tegap entara kededua piak nya. Dipelabaka begempung baru enggau Malaya deka meri penguntung ngagai ekonomi nengah chara nempa makit begulai, ngelempungka penusah nadai kereja ti majak nyadi di Singapura. Taja pia, seraban sayap kiba ti besai ari PAP balat mantah pengawa begempung nya, nangika pengaruh lenyau, lalu ketegal nya numbuhka [[Barisan Sosialis]], sepengudah dibuai ari PAP.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=T. H |title=The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954–1966 |publisher=Singapore: South Seas Society |year=1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bloodworth |first=D |url=https://archive.org/details/tigertrojanhorse00bloo |title=The Tiger and the Trojan Horse |publisher=Singapore: Times Books International |year=1986 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Parti ke megai perintah Malaya, [[Gerempung Bansa Melayu Beserakup|Gerempung Bansa Melayu Bersatu]] (UMNO), endang bebendar ngelaban komunis, lalu disangka UMNO deka nyukung raban PAP ke ukai komunis. UMNO, keterubah iya skeptis enggau penemu begempung ketegal enda arapka perintah PAP sereta irau ati ke pemayuh etnik China di Singapura deka ngubah timbang bansa di Malaya ke alai palan kuasa politik sida bepanggai, nyadi nyukung penemu begempung ketegal begulai nangika pengawa ngambi alih komunis.<ref name="Wipe out extremists">{{cite news|date=18 February 1959|title=MCA: Wipe out extremists|newspaper=Singapore Standard}}</ref> Kena 27 Me 1961, menteri besai Malaya, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], ngaga perambu ngenyit ke Persekutuan baru ke dikumbai [[Malaysia]], ke deka nyerakupka reta tengkira British ke diatu enggau ke suba ba pelilih menua nya: [[Federasyen Malaya]], Singapura, [[Brunei]], [[Koloni Mahkota Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara]], enggau [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak|Sarawak]].<ref name="Big Unity Plan2">{{cite news|date=28 May 1961|title=Big 'Unity' Plan – Tengku on closer ties with S'pore, Borneo and Brunei|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1961-05-28/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061422/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1961-05-28/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]|page=1}}</ref> Bala ketuai UMNO pechaya penambah penyampau tubuh Melayu ba kandang menua Borneo deka ngimbangka penyampau tubuh bansa China Singapura. Perintah British ba piak iya, pechaya pengawa begempung nya deka nagang Singapura nyadi palan endur kominisme.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 March 1962|title=Appeal To Singapore|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620328-1.2.70.1?ST=1&AT=advanced|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214737/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620328-1.2.70.1?ST=1&AT=advanced|archive-date=19 March 2018|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|page=10}}</ref> Dikena ngulihka mandat ungkup pengawa begempung, PAP ngatur [[Referendum Begempung Singapura 1962|referendum pasal pengawa begempung nya]]. Referendum tu nyengkaum pilih syarat ti bebida ungkup pengawa begempung enggau Malaysia lalu nadai pilih dikena nyeliahka pengawa begempung enggau naka ulih.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 September 1962|title=Yes – What a win for Premier Lee|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-02/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061847/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-02/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 September 1962|title=Merger "Yes"|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-03/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061616/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-03/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=1}}</ref> Kena 16 September 1963, Singapura begulai enggau Malaya, Borneo Utara, enggau Sarawak numbuhka Persekutuan Malaysia baru nitihka terma [[Sempekat Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Abisheganaden|first1=Felix|date=16 September 1963|title=Hail Malaysia!|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1963-09-16/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309062748/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1963-09-16/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=[[The Straits Times]]|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]|page=1}}</ref> Nengah Sempekat tu, Singapura ngembuan tikas autonomi ke chukup tinggi enti dibanding enggau negeri bukai di Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore becomes part of Malaysia|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/1dab53ea-788c-461c-acfb-ca625b974c9c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207040425/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/1dab53ea-788c-461c-acfb-ca625b974c9c|archive-date=7 February 2017|access-date=6 February 2017|publisher=HistorySG}}</ref> [[Indonesia]] mantah penumbuh Malaysia ketegal tuntut iya empu ba Borneo lalu ngelancharka [[Konfrontasyen Indonesia–Malaysia|''Konfrontasi'']] dikena nimbal penumbuh Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=James |first=Harold |title=The Undeclared War: The Story of the Indonesian Confrontation 1962–1966 |last2=Sheil-Small |first2=Denis |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-87471-074-8 |location=Totowa}}{{Cite book |last=Mackie |first=J.A.C. |title=Konfrontasi: The Indonesia-Malaysia Dispute 1963–1966 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-638247-0 |location=Kuala Lumpur}}</ref> Kena 10 Mach 1965, [[Pengembom Rumah MacDonald|bom ke ditanam bala penyual Indonesia]] ba ringkat mezzanine [[rumah MacDonald]] meletup lalu munuh tiga iku orang lalu 33 iku agi bakal. Tu ke pemadu mayuh nabanka nyawa ari pemadu mimit 42 kes bom ke nyadi maya ''Konfrontasi'' . Dua iku kaban [[Kor Marin Indonesia]], [[Osman bin Haji Mohamed Ali]] enggau [[Harun bin Said]], pengujung iya diukum lalu dibunuh ketegal penyalah nya.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 April 1965|title=Mac Donald House blast: Two for trial|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19650406-1.2.99|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819064442/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19650406-1.2.99|archive-date=19 August 2017|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penusah meletup nya ngujungka US$250,000 dalam pengerusak ngagai Rumah MacDonald,<ref>{{cite web|author=Tan Lay Yuan|title=MacDonald House bomb explosion|url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_62_2004-12-17.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215082844/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_62_2004-12-17.html|archive-date=15 December 2011|website=Singapore Infopedia|publisher=National Library Board}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=9 October 1965|title=Mac Donald House suffered $250,000 bomb damage|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651009-1.2.46|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819065124/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651009-1.2.46|archive-date=19 August 2017|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Indah udah begempung, [[Kaul PAP–UMNO|perintah Singapura enggau perintah pusat Malaysia enda sepenemu]] ba mayuh pekara politik enggau ekonomi.<ref name="Road to Independence">{{cite news|year=1998|title=Road to Independence|url=http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013002423/http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html|archive-date=13 October 2013|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]}}</ref> Taja pan bisi sempekat numbuhka makit begulai, Singapura majak napi tagang lebuh bedagang enggau serata menua Malaysia. Dikena malas, Singapura enda ngerembaika ngagai [[Sabah]] enggau [[Sarawak]] takah penuh duit injau ti disetuju ke pemansang ekonomi dua buah nengeri timur nya. Enda lama udah nya, randau nyau putus, lalu jaku enggau tulis ti kasar nyadi mayuh ba kededua piak. Tu ngujungka penyarut komunal nyadi di Singapura, lalu ngujungka [[Penyarut bansa Singapura 1964|penyarut bansa nyadi ba taun 1964]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lau |first=A |title=A moment of anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the politics of disengagement |publisher=Times Academic Press |year=2000 |location=Singapore}}</ref> Kena 7 Ogos 1965, pengudah siri berunding enggau resia entara ketuai Malaysia enggau Singapura, [[Sempekat Meredeka Singapura 1965|sempekat beserara]] disain, muka jalai ngagai merdeka ngenyit tang diperambu ungkup Singapura.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 September 1998|title=which split the nation|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19980919-1.2.63.4|access-date=5 December 2025|work=The Straits Times|pages=51}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fong|first=Leslie|date=9 August 1990|others=Illustrations by Jose Tence Ruiz|title=The Week Before Separation|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19900809-1.2.109.3|access-date=5 December 2025|work=The Straits Times|pages=5–15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tin Seng|first=Lim|date=August 2019|title=Singapore's separation from Malaysia|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=9641f35d-3ae5-41d8-9fa6-7ca8b845ea53|access-date=5 December 2025|website=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref>Kena 9 Ogos 1965, Parlimen Malaysia ngundi 126 ngagai 0 ngemendarka rang undang-undang ubah konstitusyen, lalu enggau nya nyerara Singapura ari Malaysia, ti ngasuh Singapura nyadi sebengkah menua ke baru meredeka.<ref name="countrystudies102">{{cite web|title=Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|archive-date=4 July 2014|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref><ref name="LOC22">{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore as Part of Malaysia|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0033)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629223526/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0033)|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=29 January 2011|website=Library of Congress Country Studies|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Summary of Malaysia-Singapore History|url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article7878|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529081759/http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article7878|archive-date=29 May 2012|access-date=29 January 2012|website=europe-solidaire}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore separates from Malaysia and becomes independent – Singapore History|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013#27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111210312/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013#27|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=12 May 2017|publisher=National Library Board|quote=Negotiations were, however, done in complete secrecy... (Tunku moved) a bill to amend the constitution that would provide for Singapore's departure from the Federation. Razak was also waiting for the fully signed separation agreement from Singapore to allay possible suggestions that Singapore was expelled from Malaysia.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode 0: Trailer|url=https://thehistoryofsingapore.com/2015/07/31/episode-0-trailer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920150336/https://thehistoryofsingapore.com/2015/07/31/episode-0-trailer/|archive-date=20 September 2021|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Lim20152">{{Cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Edmund|date=22 December 2015|title=Secret documents reveal extent of negotiations for Separation|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/secret-documents-reveal-extent-of-negotiations-for-separation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920150329/https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/secret-documents-reveal-extent-of-negotiations-for-separation|archive-date=20 September 2021|access-date=15 August 2022|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref> === Republik Singapura === [[File:153_Singapore,_Jan_1978_(52023517826).jpg|kiri|thumb| Betemu enggau Kandang Menua Tengah Singapura dalam taun 1978 .]] [[File:Marina_Bay_Sands_20250903_(1).jpg|kiri|thumb| [[Marina Bay Sands]], siti ari dua palan ngelantangka ati ti begempung di Singapura.]] Pengudah iya dibuai ari Malaysia, Singapura merdeka nyadi "Republik Singapura" kena 9 Ogos 1965,<ref name="ST 10 Aug Front page">{{cite news|last1=Abisheganaden|first1=Felix|date=10 August 1965|title=Singapore is out|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221051204/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg|archive-date=21 February 2022|access-date=21 February 2022|work=[[The Straits Times]]|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]}}</ref> enggau [[Lee Kuan Yew]] enggau [[Yusof Ishak|Yusof bin Ishak]] nyadi menteri besai enggau presiden keterubah.<ref>{{cite web|author=Vernon Cornelius|title=Past and present leaders of Singapore|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3520aab7-25a2-452d-bdd3-2e75b1989866|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260127080909/https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3520aab7-25a2-452d-bdd3-2e75b1989866|archive-date=27 January 2026|access-date=27 January 2026|publisher=National Library Board}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 February 1960|title=Yusof to be the first President|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807064731/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60|archive-date=7 August 2020|access-date=28 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=National Libraries Board}}</ref> Dalam taun 1967, menua tu sama numbuhka [[Gerempung Menua Asia Tenggara|Gerempung Bansa-Bansa Asia Tenggara]] (ASEAN). <ref>{{Cite wikisource|Bangkok Declaration}}</ref> Penyarut bansa [[Penyarut bansa Singapura 1969|nyadi baru]] dalam taun 1969 nyadika empas ari [[Penyadi 13 Me|penusah 13 Me]] di Malaysia. Ba awak tu, penyarut nya tegap agi ditan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandhu |first=Kernial Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldKwPQ2PyBAC&pg=PA107 |title=Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore |last2=Wheatley |first2=Paul |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=1989 |isbn=978-981-3035-42-3 |page=107}}</ref> Pemerat Lee ba penumbuh ekonomi ti jampat, integrasyen bansa, ngelakuka pengawa dagang enggau nagang pengelepas demokratik nengah chara merintah enggau kuasa undang-undang ti luas nempa polisi Singapura ungkup setengah kurun ti deka datai.<ref>Terry McCarthy, "Lee Kuan Yew."</ref><ref name="lky-7prin2">{{cite news|date=25 March 2015|title=Lee Kuan Yew: Our chief diplomat to the world|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026020834/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world|archive-date=26 October 2015|access-date=8 November 2015|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penumbuh ekonomi majak nyadi sepemanjai taun 1980-an, enggau tikas penganggul gawa nurun ngagai 3% lalu penumbuh GDP ke bendar purata urung 8% nyentuk ngagai taun 1999. Dalam kandang taun 1980-an, Singapura berengkah ngalih ngagai industri beteknologi tinggi, baka sektor fabrikasyen wafer, ngambika ulih mengkang kompetitif lebuh menua sepiak berengkah ngaga enggau pengereja pengawa ti murah agi. [[Penerebai Bilun Singapura]] ditumbuhka dalam taun 1972 lalu [[Padang Bilun Changi]] dibuka dalam taun 1981, nganti padang bilun entarabansa di [[Pengakalan Langit Paya Lebar|Paya Lebar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Changi Airport|url=http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629014047/http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html|archive-date=29 June 2006|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore}}</ref> Perintah Lee beambi ulih ari penuduk geografi Singapura ti manah dikena ngemansangka [[Palan Penyangkai Singapura]] nyadi sebengkah ari palan penyangkai kapal ti pemadu kiruh di dunya, seraya industri servis enggau dagang temuai mega ngerembai enggau signifikan dalam timpuh tu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lunch Dialogue on 'Singapore as a Transport Hub'|url=https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117104954/https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub|archive-date=17 November 2018|access-date=17 November 2018|website=Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lam|first1=Yin Yin|date=26 January 2017|title=Three factors that have made Singapore a global logistics hub|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117105041/http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub|archive-date=17 November 2018|access-date=17 November 2018|website=The World Bank Blogs}}</ref> bvbwlavctdwg4474vjdddtcx1oalwao 19980 19979 2026-10-13T08:04:03Z Jang Edgar 20 19980 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Singapura | common_name = Singapore | native_name = {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:80%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1=[[Jaku Melayu]]: |data1={{Lang|ms|Republik Singapura}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2=[[Jaku Mandarin]]:|data2={{Lang|zh|新加坡共和国}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3=[[Jaku Tamil]]: |data3={{Lang|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு}} }} | image_flag = Flag of Singapore.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Singapore.svg | symbol_width = 90px | other_symbol = | national_motto = {{Native name|ms|Majulah Singapura}}<br />"Mansang meh Singapura" | national_anthem = {{Native name|ms|[[Majulah Singapura]]}}<br />"Onward Singapore"<br/><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{Center|[[Fail:Majulah Singapura.ogg]]}}</div> | image_map = Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg | map_width = 250px | coordinates = {{Coord|1|17|N|103|50|E|type:city(5,700,000)_region:SG|display=inline,title}} | capital = '''Singapura''' ([[city-state]]){{Efn|Singapore has no official distinct capital city as it is a [[city-state]].<ref name="City-state">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Singapore |quote=The city, once a [[City of Singapore (historical entity)|distinct entity]], so came to dominate the island that the Republic of Singapore essentially became a city-state. |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |access-date=29 August 2019 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828055010/https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | largest_settlement = [[Bedok]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/geographic-distribution/visualising-data/geographical-distribution-dashboard|title=Singapore Department of Statistics population report for 2022|publisher=Singstat|accessdate=7 June 2023|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224122208/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/geographic-distribution/visualising-data/geographical-distribution-dashboard|url-status=live}}</ref> | largest_settlement_type = [[Planning Areas of Singapore|planning area]] {{Nobold|by population}} | languages_type = Jaku Rasmi | languages = {{Hlist|[[Jaku Inggeris Singapura|Jaku Inggeris]]|[[Jaku Melayu]]|[[Jaku Mandarin]]|[[Jaku Tamil]]}} | languages2_type = [[Jaku Nasional]] | languages2 = [[Jaku Melayu]] | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|74.0% [[Orang China Singapura|China]]|13.5% [[Orang Melayu Singapura|Melayu]]|9.0% [[Orang India Singapura|India]]|3.4% [[Demografi Singapura|ke bukai]]}} | ethnic_groups_ref = {{Efn|Proportions of ethnic groups are calculated based only on the resident population, which comprises Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PR).<ref name="census2020">{{Cite web |title=Population Trends 2023 |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/population2023.ashx |website=Singapore Department of Statistics |access-date=6 July 2024 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706140335/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/population2023.ashx|url-status=live }}</ref>}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = {{Efn|Proportions of religious denominations are calculated based only on the resident population, which comprises Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PR).<ref name="census2020"/>}} | religion = {{Ublist|31.1% [[Pengarap Buddha ba Singapura|Buddha]]|20.0% [[Penadai Pengarap ba Singapura|nadai pengarap]]|18.9% [[Kristian ba Singapura|Kristian]]|15.6% [[Islam ba Singapura|Islam]]|8.8% [[Taoisme ba Singapura|Taoisme]]| 5.0% [[Hindu in Singapura|Hindu]]| 0.6% [[Pengarap ba Singapore|ke bukai]]}} | demonym = | government_type = [[Republik beparlimen]] parti dominan beserakup | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Singapura|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] | leader_title2 = [[Menteri Besai Singapora|Menteri Besai]] | leader_name2 = [[Lawrence Wong]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore|Speaker of Parliament]] | leader_name3 = [[Seah Kian Peng]] | leader_title4 = [[Ketuai Pengelurus Singapore|Ketuai Pengelurus]] | leader_name4 = [[Sundaresh Menon]] | legislature = [[Parliamen Singapura|Parliamen]] | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Meredeka | sovereignty_note = ari [[United Kingdom]] enggau [[Malaysia]] | established_event1 = {{Nowrap|[[Perintah Kediri Singapura|Perintah kediri]]}} | established_date1 = 3 Jun 1959 | established_event2 = {{Nowrap|[[Sempekat Malaysia]]}} | established_date2 = 16 September 1963 | established_event3 = [[Proklamasyen Singapura]] | established_date3 = 9 Ogos 1965 | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | area_km2 = 735.2 | area_footnote = <ref name="total area of Singapore">{{Cite web |title=Environment - Latest Data |date=31 January 2023 |publisher=Singapore Department of Statistics |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |access-date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719053602/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_rank = 176th | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5,917,600{{Efn|Singapore Citizen (SC) population is 3,610,700, Permanent Resident (PR) population is 538,600, Non-Resident population is 1,768,300.<ref name="Population and Population Structure">{{Cite web |title=Population and Population Structure |publisher=Department of Statistics Singapore |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data|access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052657/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data |archive-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 113rd | population_density_km2 = 7,804 | population_density_sq_mi = auto | population_density_rank = 2nd | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $794.179 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.SG">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=576,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Singapore) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 38th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $133,737<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 3rd | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $525.228 billion<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 32nd | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $91,100<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 5th | Gini = 45.9 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web|title=Distribution of Family Income – GINI Index |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113028/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.949 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 9th | currency = [[Dollar Singapura]] (S$) | currency_code = SGD | time_zone = [[Singapore Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +8 | antipodes = | date_format = {{Abbr|dd|day}}/{{Abbr|mm|month}}/{{Abbr|yyyy|year}} | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+65|+65]] | iso3166code = SG | cctld = [[.sg|.sg]] }} '''Singapura''' tauka nama resmi iya '''Republik Singapura''' ia nya siti menua pulau ti bepalan ba tepi hujung selatan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Menua nya urung satu darjah latitud (137 kilometer tauka 85 batu) utara ekuator, ari ujung selatan [[Semenanjung Tanah Melayu]], besepiak enggau [[Selat Melaka]] ba barat, [[Selat Singapura]] ba selatan begulai enggau [[Pulau Riau]] di [[Indonesia]], [[Tasik China Selatan]] ba timur, enggau [[Selat Johor]] enggau Negeri [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]] ba timur. == Nama enggau asal nama == Nama Singapura datai ari leka jaku Melayu, Singapura ke datai ari leka [[jaku Sanskrit]] ti mai reti 'mengeri singa' ({{langx|sa|सिंहपुर}}; <small>[[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|romanised:]]</small> {{lang|sa-Latn|Siṃhapura}}; [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]: {{lang|sa-Brah|𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭}}; enggau literal mai reti "mengeri singa"; {{wikt-lang|sa|सिंह|siṃha|script=Latn}} reti iya 'singa', {{wikt-lang|sa|पुर|pura|script-Latn}} reti iya 'nengeri' tauka 'kubu').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010411060419/http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html|url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2001 |title=Singapore |publisher=Bartleby |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> Pulau Ujong nya siti ari endur ke pemadu tumu nyebut pasal Pulau Singapura, ke setipak enggau cherita China ari abad ketiga ke nyebut pasal endur nyadi ''[[Pulau Ujong|Pú Luó Zhōng]]'' ({{zh|c=[[wikt:蒲|蒲]] [[wikt:羅|羅]] [[wikt:中|中]]}}), transkripsyen nama jaku Melayu ke ‘pulau ba ujung semenanjung’.<ref name="utexas">{{cite web |title=Singapore: History, Singapore 1994 |url=http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/singapore/Singapore-History.html |publisher=Asian Studies @ University of Texas at Austin |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323095958/http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/Singapore/Singapore-History.html |archive-date=23 March 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Penerang keterubah pasal nama ''Temasek'' (tauka ''Tumasik'') bisi ditemu dalam [[Nagarakretagama]], iya nya bup eulogi jaku Jawa ke ditulis dalam taun 1365, enggau bup jaku Vietnam ari timpuh ke sama. Nama tu engka mai reti Mengeri Tasik, laban iya datai ari jaku Melayu tasek, reti iya ‘tasik’ tauka ‘danau’.<ref name="toponym">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTOJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA381 |title=Singapore Street Names: A Study of Toponymics |author1=Victor R Savage |author2=Brenda Yeoh |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |date=15 June 2013 |isbn=9789814484749 |page=381 |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412012131/https://books.google.com/books?id=DTOJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA381 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pemata ari menua China ke benama [[Wang Dayuan]] ngabas siti endur kena taun 1330 dikumbai ''Danmaxi'' ({{zh|c=淡馬錫|p= Dànmǎxí|w=Tan Ma Hsi}}) tauka ''Tam ma siak'', bepanggai ba chara nyebut; tu engka transkripsyen Temasek, tauka, iya engka gempung leka jaku Melayu ''Tanah'' enggau jaku China ''xi'' ti mai reti ‘tin’, ti kala didagangka ba pulau nya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173 |title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800 |author1-link=John N. Miksic |author=John N. Miksic |publisher=NUS Press |date=15 November 2013 |isbn=978-9971695743 |pages=171–182 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143007/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="toponym" /> Variasyen nama {{lang|sa-Latn|Siṃhapura}} dikena ungkup sekeda mengeri di serata pelilih menua sebedau numbuhka Perintah Singapura. Dalam budaya Hindu–Buddha, singa dikaitka enggau kuasa sereta nyaga, ti engka nerangka penarit nama ti baka nya.{{sfn|Miksic|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 151–152]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ |title=5 other places in Asia which are also called Singapura |author=Joshua Lee |work=Mothership |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406022412/https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Nama ''Singapura'' nganti Temasek kira-kira sebedau kurun ke-15, pengudah penumbuh Perintah Singapura ba pulau nya ulih siku ''Raja'' (putera) Sumatera ti rari ari [[Palembang]]. Taja pia, maya enggau kebuah ke bendar nama nya ditukar bedau ditemu. Karang Sulalatus Salatin setengah sejarah madahka Temasek ditukar Sang Nila Utama nama iya nyadi Singapura, siku Raja Sumatera abad ke-13 ari Palembang. Sulalatus Salatin mega madahka Sang Nila Utama betemu enggau jelu ti nyelai ba pulau nya ti diambi iya nyadi singa. Meda utai tu nyadika tanda, iya lalu numbuhka menua Singapura endur iya betemu enggau jelu nya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sejarah-melayu-cheah-boon-kheng/page/n1/mode/2up?q= |title=Sejarah Melayu The Malay Annals MS RAFFLES No. 18 Edisi Rumi Baru/New Romanised Edition |date=1998 |publisher=Academic Art & Printing Services Sdn. Bhd. |isbn=967-9948-13-7 |editor-last1=Kheng |editor-first1=Cheah Boon |editor-last2=Ismail |editor-first2=Abdul Rahman Haji}}</ref>{{Rp|37, 88–92}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brown |first=C.C. |date=October 1952 |title=The Malay Annals translated from Raffles MS 18 |url=https://archive.org/details/malay-annals-C.-C.-Brown/page/n1/mode/2up?q= |journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=25 |issue=2&3 |pages=1–276}}</ref>{{Rp|30–31}} Hipotesis kedua ti diambi ari sumber jaku Portugis, ngepostulatka cherita mitos tu bepelasarka pengidup ti bendar Parameswara ari Palembang. Parameswara madahka diri meredeka ari Majapahit lalu niki Panggau Singa. Udah nya dibuai orang Jawa, iya lalu ngerampas kuasa atas Temasek. Iya engka udah ngaga baru nama endur nya nyadi Singapura, ngingatka kerusi diraja ti udah dibuai iya.<ref name="turnbull">{{cite book |last=Turnbull |first=C.M. |author-link=C. M. Turnbull |title=A History of Modern Singapore, 1819–2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |publisher=NUS Press |year=2009 |pages=21–22 |isbn=978-9971-69-430-2 |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143058/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lebuh Jipun megai menua nya, Singapura diberi nama baru {{Nihongo|''Syonan-to''|[[wikt:昭|昭]] [[wikt:南|南]]|Shōnan|lead=yes}}, ti mai reti 'penampak selatan'.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abshire |first=Jean |title=The History of Singapore |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHF59oExO80C&pg=PA104 |isbn=978-0-313-37743-3 |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000704/https://books.google.com/books?id=AHF59oExO80C&pg=PA104 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1=Kevin |first2=Karl |last2=Hack |title=Did Singapore Have to Fall?: Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress |year=2004 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-203-40440-9 |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TUC2qveu-b8C&pg=PA132 |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000739/https://books.google.com/books?id=TUC2qveu-b8C&pg=PA132 |url-status=live}}</ref> Singapura kekadang disebut ngena nama kumbai "Nengeri Taman", lebuh ti ngenang pasal taman enggau jalai ti bebaris enggau pun kayu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Goetz |first1=Philip W. |title=Singapore <!-- this is a guess fixing a bollixed ref --> |quote="Singapore, known variously as the 'Lion City,' or 'Garden City,' the latter for its many parks and tree-lined streets |encyclopedia=The New Encyclopædia Britannica |location=Chicago |edition=15th |date=1991 |page=832 |isbn=978-0-85229-529-8 |bibcode=1991neb..book.....G}}</ref> Siti agi nama ti enda formal, iya nya “Titik Mirah Mit”, dikena sepengudah artikel dalam ''Asian Wall Street Journal'' kena 4 Ogos 1998 madahka Presiden Indonesia B. J. Habibie ngumbai Singapura nyadi titik mirah ba kar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Glennie |first1=Charlotte |last2=Ang |first2=Mavis |last3=Rhys |first3=Gillian |last4=Aul |first4=Vidhu |last5=Walton |first5=Nicholas |title=50 reasons Singapore is the best city in the world |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/singapore-50-reasons |quote="The Lion City. The Garden City. The Asian Tiger. The 'Fine' City. All venerable nicknames, and the longtime favourite is the 'Little Red Dot'" |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=6 August 2015 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807045157/http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/singapore-50-reasons |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A little red dot in a sea of green |url=https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21657610-sense-vulnerability-has-made-singapore-what-it-today-can-it-now-relax-bit |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=16 July 2015 |quote="..with a characteristic mixture of pride and paranoia, Singapore adopted 'little red dot' as a motto" |location=London |access-date=16 October 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016175357/https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21657610-sense-vulnerability-has-made-singapore-what-it-today-can-it-now-relax-bit |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Editorial: The mighty red dot |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2017/09/08/editorial-the-mighty-red-dot.html |work=[[The Jakarta Post]] |date=8 September 2017 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128071756/https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2017/09/08/editorial-the-mighty-red-dot.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Habibie truly admired the 'Little Red Dot' |newspaper=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]] |date=20 September 2006}}.</ref> == Sejarah == === Singapura Kelia === Dalam taun 1299, nitihka ''Sulalatus Salatin'', menua [[Perintah Singapura]] ditumbuhka [[Sang Nila Utama]] ba pulau nya. <ref>{{Cite book |last=<!--unknown; old historical document--> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9JAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA43 |title=Malay Annals |date=1821 |page=43 |translator-last=Leyden |translator-first=John}}</ref> Taja pan sejarah cherita baka ke diberi dalam ''Sulalatus Salatin'' nyadi subjek jurai akademik, {{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} taja pia ditemu ari mayuh macham dokumen ti madahka Singapura ba abad ke-14, maya nya dikelala enggau nama ''[[Temasek]]'', nyadi palan penyangkai kapal dagang di baruh pengaruh kededua Empayar [[Majapahit]] enggau perintah-perintah [[Perintah Ayutthaya|Siam]],{{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} sereta bagi ari [[Indosfer]].<ref name="Dixon2">{{cite book |last1=Dixon |first1=Robert M.W. |url=https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002 |title=Adjective Classes: A Cross-linguistic Typology |last2=Alexandra |first2=Y. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-19-920346-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002/page/n96 74] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Matisoff19902">{{Citation|last=Matisoff|first=James|title=On Megalocomparison|journal=Language|volume=66|issue=1|pages=106–120|year=1990|doi=10.2307/415281|jstor=415281|author-link=James Matisoff}}</ref><ref name="Enfield2">{{Citation|last=Enfield|first=N.J.|title=Areal Linguistics and Mainland Southeast Asia|journal=Annual Review of Anthropology|volume=34|pages=181–206|year=2005|url=http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf|access-date=5 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816071246/http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead|doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120406|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0013-167B-C|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="academia edu2">{{cite journal|last1=Lavy|first1=Paul A.|year=2003|title=As in Heaven, So on Earth: The Politics of Visnu Siva and Harihara Images in Preangkorian Khmer Civilisation|url=https://www.academia.edu/2635407|url-status=live|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|publisher=Academia|volume=34|issue=1|pages=21–39|doi=10.1017/S002246340300002X|issn=0022-4634|s2cid=154819912|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812222402/https://www.academia.edu/2635407|archive-date=12 August 2021|access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Results of the 1995–1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia|url=http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/people/faculty/stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172419/http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/People/Faculty/Stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|access-date=5 July 2015|publisher=University of Hawai'i-Manoa}}</ref> Perintah-perintah ti udah bisi pengaruh India tu ditanda enggau daya tahan ti ngalitka ati, integriti politik enggau penegap jalai perintah.<ref>Pierre-Yves Manguin, "From Funan to Sriwijaya: Cultural continuities and discontinuities in the Early Historical maritime states of Southeast Asia", in ''25 tahun kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi dan Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient,'' Jakarta, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi / EFEO, 2002, p. 59–82.</ref> Sumber sejarah mega nunjukka urung ujung kurun ke-14, pemerintah iya [[Parameswara ari Melaka|Parameswara]] diserang sekalika bansa Majapahit tauka bansa Siam, ngujungka iya pindah ke [[Melaka]] ke alai iya numbuhka [[Kesultanan Melayu Melaka|Kesultanan Melaka]].{{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} Bukti arkeologi nunjukka palan pengentap pendiau besai ba Fort Canning Hill udah ditinggalka urung maya tu, taja pan palan pengentap pendiau dagang mit majak nyadi di Singapura dalam kandang sekeda maya udah nya.<ref name="turnbull">{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=C.M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |title=A History of Modern Singapore, 1819–2005 |publisher=NUS Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-9971-69-430-2 |pages=21–22 |author-link=C. M. Turnbull |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143058/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=5 March 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam taun 1613, bala penyerang [[Bansa Portugis|Portugis]] nunu palan pengentap pendiau nya, lalu pulau nya pudar pengelama dua abad ke nangkanka nya.<ref name="Borschbergp157-158">{{Cite book |last=Borschberg |first=P. |title=The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th century |publisher=NUS Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-9971-69-464-7 |location=Singapore |pages=157–158}}</ref> Maya nya, Singapura nyadi sebagi ari [[Kesultanan Johor]].<ref name="country studies2">{{cite web|title=Country Studies: Singapore: History|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923070753/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm|archive-date=23 September 2006|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Kandang menua maritim ti lebih luas sereta mayuh dagang dipegai Belanda dalam timpuh ti nangkanka nya pengudah [[Melaka Belanda|Belanda ngalahka Melaka]] dalam taun 1641.<ref name="uslcFοunding">{{Cite book |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/ |title=Singapore: A Country Study |publisher=GPO for tus/singapore/4.htm |year=1989 |editor-last=Leitch Lepoer |editor-first=Barbara |series=Country Studies |access-date=18 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015211019/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/ |archive-date=15 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Pegai British === [[File:Letter_from_William_Farquhar_to_Sultan_Muhammad_Kanzul_Alam,_the_Sultan_of_Brunei,_dated_28_November_1819.jpg|thumb| Surat ari [[William Farquhar]] ngagai Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam, [[Sultan Brunei|Sultan Ke-21 Brunei]], kena 28 Nonember 1819. Ba baris keterubah, Farquhar bisi nyebut pasal Sultan Hussein Shah enggau Temenggong Abdul Rahman ngemendarka [[Kompeni Hindia Timur British]] numbuhka kilang di Singapura kena 6 Februari 1819.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicholl |first=Robert |title=From Buckfast to Borneo: Essays Presented to Father Robert Nicholl on the 85th Anniversary of His Birth, 27 March 1995 |last2=King |first2=Victor T. |last3=Horton |first3=A. V. H. |publisher=University of Hull |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-85958-836-2 |location=Hull, England |pages=219 |chapter=Malay sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the early nineteenth century: some letters from the reign of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (Annabel Teh Gallop) |oclc=35366675 |access-date=24 April 2022 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000715/https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |title=Farquhar Letterbook (Add MS 12398) |year=1842 |pages=39–40 |language=ms |chapter=Ini kupia surat kepada Raja Barunai |trans-chapter=This is a copy of the letter to the Raja of Brunei |access-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424173837/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |archive-date=24 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Gabenor British [[Stamford Raffles]] datai di Singapura kena 28 Januari 1819 lalu enda lama udah nya iya ngaku pulau nya nyadi pilih semula jadi ungkup palan penyangkai kapal baru nya.<ref name="YongRao1995">{{Cite book |last=Mun Cheong Yong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3 |title=Singapore-India Relations: A Primer |last2=V. V. Bhanoji Rao |publisher=NUS Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-9971-69-195-0 |page=3 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000734/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pulau tu udah nya diperintah enggau nama ulih [[Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah|Tengku Abdul Rahman]], [[Sultan Johor]], ti dikuasa [[Empayar koloni Belanda|Belanda]] enggau orang [[Bansa Bugis|Bugis]].<ref name="Trocki2009">{{Cite book |last=Trocki |first=Carl A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |title=Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-134-50243-1 |page=73 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000706/https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Taja pia, Kesultanan nya lemi ketegal bepechah-belah: [[Temenggong Abdul Rahman|Abdul Rahman]], [[Temenggong ari Johor|Temenggong Johor]] ngagai Tengku Abdul Rahman, pia mega bala pemesai iya, taluk ngagai menyadi tuai Sultan [[Hussein Shah ari Johor|Tengku Long]], ti benung diau di buangan di [[Pulau Penyengat]], [[Pulau-pulau Riau]]. Enggau saup sida Temenggong, Raffles mujur mai Tengku Long pulai ngagai menua Singapura. Raffles bisi meri penemu deka ngaku Tengku Long nyadi Sultan Johor ti patut, ngena gelar Sultan Hussein, lalu pia mega meri iya bayar setaun sepenyampau $5000 enggau $3000 agi ngagai Temenggong; nyadika balas, Sultan Hussein deka meri hak ngagai British numbuhka palan dagang ba Singapura.<ref name="uslcFounding">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Founding and Early Years|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117143728/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|archive-date=17 November 2022|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[U.S. Library of Congress]]}}</ref> [[Sempekat Singapura 1819|Sempekat Singapura]] disain kena 6 Februari 1819.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Jenny|date=7 February 1997|title=1819 – The February Documents|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065310/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|archive-date=17 July 2017|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Ministry of Defence]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Milestones in Singapore's Legal History|url=http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183512/http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[Supreme Court, Singapore]]}}</ref> Dalam taun 1824, sempekat ke bukai enggau Sultan ngujungka serata pulau nya nyadi sebagi ari [[Empayar British]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore2">{{cite web|title=Founding of Modern Singapore|url=http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508135636/http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-date=8 May 2009|access-date=13 April 2011|publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts]]}}</ref> Dalam taun 1826, Singapura nyadi sebagi ari [[Negeri-negeri Selat]], maya nya di baruh kuasa India British. Singapura nyadi indu nengeri pelilih menua dalam taun 1836.<ref>{{cite web|title=East & South-East Asia Titles: Straits Settlements Annual Reports (Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan) 1855–1941|url=http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609014003/http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|archive-date=9 June 2012|access-date=31 July 2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> Sebedau penatai Raffles, semina bisi urung seribu iku aja orang ke diau ba pulau nya, ke tebal agi bansa asal [[Melayu]] begulai enggau sekeda [[Orang China menua tasik|bansa China]].<ref name="The Malays2">{{cite web|title=The Malays|url=http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223000344/http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|archive-date=23 February 2011|access-date=28 July 2011|publisher=National Heritage Board 2011}}</ref> Datai ba taun 1860, penyampau tubuh udah nambah ngagai lebih 80,000 iku, lalu lebih ari setengah ari sida nya [[Orang China Singapura|bansa China]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore">{{Cite web}}</ref> Mayuh ari orang ke dulu datai ari menua bukai tu datai gawa ba kebun lada enggau gambir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanderson |first=Reginald |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023134368#page/n227/mode/2up |title=Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources |date=1907 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Arnold |pages=220–221 |editor-last2=Cartwright |editor-first2=H.A.}}</ref> Dalam taun 1867, Negeri-negeri Selat diseraraka ari India British, lalu dikuasa terus Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore attains crown colony status – Singapore History|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414171544/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=22 December 2025|website=nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> Udah nya, dalam taun 1890-an, lebuh industri getah udah tegap di [[Negeri Singapura (Malaysia)|Malaya]] enggau Singapura,<ref>{{cite web|title=First Rubber Trees are Planted in Singapore – 1877|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614122517/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|archive-date=14 June 2018|access-date=28 December 2025|website=History SG|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> pulau tu nyadi palan global endur milih enggau eksport getah.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /> [[File:Singapore_1865_SLNSW_FL15083916.jpg|thumb| Litograf ti digaga [[Vincent Brooks, Day & Son|Vincent Brooks]] ari [[Nengeri Singapura (entiti besejarah)|Nengeri Singapura]] dalam taun 1865 ari Gunung Wallich ke suba.]] Singapura enda balat kena empas [[Perang Dunya Keterubah]] (1914–1918), laban konflik nya enda ngerembai ngagai [[Asia Tenggara]]. Semina utai ke besai reti maya perang nya iya nya [[Charut Singapura 1915]] ke digaga bala sepoy [[Orang Islam|Islam]] ari India British, ke dijaga di Singapura.<ref name="Brill1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |title=The Indian Army in the Two World Wars |date=14 October 2011 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-21145-2 |pages=17–18 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000843/https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah ninga berita selebubu madahka sida deka dianjung ngelaban [[Empayar Ottoman]], sebengkah menua Islam, bala soldadu nya ngelaban, munuh pemesai sida enggau sekeda periman British sebedau pengawa ngelaban nya ditekan soldadu ukai Islam ke datai ari [[Johor]] enggau [[Myanmar|Burma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1915 Singapore Mutiny|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=82db2bb0-b99c-4a9f-9beb-b25626cb3f87|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200105/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_570_2005-01-24.html|archive-date=25 February 2021|access-date=28 December 2025|website=National Library Board|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> [[File:HMS-Repulse-Battlecruiser-IWM-collections.jpg|thumb| Kapal perang [[HMS Repulse (1916)|HMS Repulse]], siti ari sekeda kapal modal ti dianjung Churchill ke Singapura dikena ngetanka iya.]] Udah [[Perang Dunya Keterubah|Perang Dunya I]], British ngaga [[Pengkalan Soldadu Tasik Singapura]] ti besai nyadi sebagi ari strategi pengetan Singapura.<ref name="Stille2016">{{Cite book |last=Stille |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Malaya and Singapore 1941–42: The fall of Britain's empire in the East |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4728-1124-0 |pages=5–6 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000710/https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Keterubah iya dipadahka dalam taun 1921, pengawa ngaga pengkalan nya bejalai enggau pengelaju nyentukka [[Serang Jipun ngagai Manchuria|Jipun nyerang Manchuria]] dalam taun 1931. Beungkus $60 juta lalu bedau tembu digaga enggau penuh dalam taun 1938, taja pia iya nyadi palan penyangkai kapal kering ke pemadu besai di dunya, palan penyangkai kapal apung ketiga pemadu besai, lalu bisi tangki minyak ke chukup dikena nyukung semua soldadu tasik British pengelama enam bulan.<ref name="Stille2016" /><ref name="Tan2008">{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2008 |isbn=978-981-230-878-8 |pages=90–}}</ref><ref name="Hobbs2017">{{Cite book |last=Hobbs |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-61251-917-3 |page=5 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211001300/https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pengkalan nya dibela ngena berat 15-inch (380 mm) senapang soldadu tasik ke diengkah ba [[Kubu Siloso]], Kubu Canning enggau Labrador, sereta mega padang bilun [[Soldadu Langit Diraja]] ba [[Pengkalan Langit Tengah]]. [[Winston Churchill]] ngumbai iya nyadi "[[Gibraltar]] Timur", lalu randau soldadu suah ngumbai pengkalan nya semina "[[Timur Suez]]". Taja pia, British Home Fleet diau ba Eropah, lalu British enda ulih ngaga armada kedua dikena nyaga pemerat sida di Asia. Perambu nya ngambika Home Fleet belayar enggau jampat ke Singapura enti sema bisi penusah ngenyit nyadi. Pengudah [[Perang Dunya Kedua]] nyadi dalam taun 1939, armada nya penuh enggau pengetan Britain, ngujungka Singapura mudah kena [[Pemegai Jipun ba Singapura|serang Jipun]].<ref name="LambTarling2001">{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Margaret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |title=From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia |last2=Tarling |first2=Nicholas |date=2001 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-1-4039-3772-8 |page=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818180438/https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |archive-date=18 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2008 |isbn=978-981-230-878-8}}</ref> === Pemegai Jipun === [[File:Evacuation_of_British_POWs,_Kallang_Airport,_Singapore_-_19450908.jpg|kiri|thumb| Bala orang tangkap perang British mindah dalam taun 1945 berindik ari [[Penyerah diri Jipun|Jepun nyerah diri]] ba [[Padang Bilun Kallang]]. Menara kawal padang bilun ke bepalan semak mengeri nya udah dijaga.]] Maya [[Perang Pasifik]], [[Kimpin Malaya|serang Jipun ngagai Malaya]] ngujungka [[Pengelabuh Singapura|Perang Singapura]] nyadi. Lebuh soldadu British ke bisi 60,000 iku soldadu nyerah kena 15 Februari 1942, menteri besai British Winston Churchill ngumbai alah nya “penusah ke pemadu jai sereta selinda ke pemadu besai dalam sejarah British”.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 February 1942|title=On This Day&nbsp;– 15 February 1942: Singapore forced to surrender|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519174009/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|archive-date=19 May 2019|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Pengerugi British enggau Empayar maya beperang ngulihka Singapura balat, enggau penyampau urung 85,000 iku raban ke ditangkap.{{Sfn|Wigmore|1957}} Urung 5,000 iku mati tauka bakal,<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Singapore|url=http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512181020/http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|archive-date=12 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|publisher=World History Group}}</ref> lalu ari penyampau nya [[orang Australia]] nyadi majoriti.{{Sfn|Legg|1965}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Ooi|first=Teresa|date=17 January 1995|title=1,000 Aussie victims of WWII join suit against Japan|newspaper=[[The Straits Times]]|location=Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=12 September 1946|title=South West Pacific War: Australia's Fine Record|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220093327/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article|archive-date=20 December 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penyampau bebadi nyawa Jipun maya perang di Singapura manggai 1,714 iku parai enggau 3,378 iku bakal.{{Sfn|Wigmore|1957}} Pengawa nguasa nya deka nyadika ubah besai dalam sejarah sekeda bansa, nyengkaum menua [[Jipun]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], enggau Singapura. Surat berita Jipun enggau ati ti menang madahka pemenang nya nyadika penentu situasyen am perang nya.{{Sfn|Toland|1970}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Singapore|url=http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512181020/http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|archive-date=12 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|publisher=World History Group}}</ref> Entara 5,000 ngagai 25,000 iku orang ari raban bansa China dibunuh dalam [[pemunuh bebala mayuh Sook Ching]] ke nyadi udah nya.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore, Shonan: Light of the South|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629230435/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=29 January 2011|website=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]]|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office|Government Printing Office]]|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> Bala soldadu British udah [[Operasyen Mailfist|merambu deka ngelepaska Singapura]] dalam taun 1945/1946; taja pia, perang nya abis sebedau operasyen tu ulih dipejalaika.{{Sfn|Bose|2010}}<ref name="auto12">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> === Timpuh pengudah perang === [[File:Map_of_Singapore_City_in_1951.png|kiri|thumb| Kar [[Nengeri Singapura (entiti besejarah)|Nengeri Singapura]] ba taun 1951]] Pengudah [[Serah diri Jipun|Jipun nyerah diri]] ngagai Serakup kena 15 Ogos 1945, Singapura labuh ngagai gaya ti kasar sereta charut enda lama; pengawa ngerumpak enggau munuh orang ketegal deka malas dendam kelebih agi ngagai bala kolaborator nya balat nyadi.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Keo|first1=Bernard Z|date=6 February 2025|title=Malaya Transformed: Upheaval in Post-War Malaya, 1945–1946|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/59235/chapter/499141301|journal=Imagining Malaya|pages=54–76|doi=10.1093/9780198917113.003.0003|url-access=subscription|access-date=14 January 2026}}</ref> Soldadu British, Australia, enggau India ti betuaika Lord [[Lord Mountbatten|Louis Mountbatten]] [[Operasyen Tiderace|pulai ke Singapura]] nerima surat nyerahka diri enggau rasmi soldadu Jipun ba pelilih menua nya ari Jeneral [[Seishirō Itagaki]] ngarika Jeneral [[Hisaichi Terauchi]] kena 12 September 1945.{{Sfn|Bose|2010}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Berebak enggau nya, [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] dipechara komisyen soldadu AS ketegal penyalah perang, tang ukai ketegal penyalah ke dikereja sedadu iya di Malaya tauka Singapura. Iya diukum lalu digantung di [[Komanwel Filipina|Filipina]] kena 23 Februari 1946.{{Sfn|Smith|2006}}<ref>{{cite news|date=23 February 1946|title=Yamashita Hanged|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022150250/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12|archive-date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|work=Malaya Tribune|location=Singapore}}</ref> Mayuh infrastruktur di Singapura udah rusak maya perang nyengkaum ke diguna dikena mekal perengka guna. Penanggul suntuk pemakai ngujungka kurang pemakai, penyakit, sereta pengawa jai enggau ulah ti kasar majak nyadi. Seriris pengawa mogok ba taun 1947 ngujungka perengka pengangkut mensia mayuh enggau servis bukai ngetu enggau besai. Taja pia, ba ujung taun 1947 ekonomi berengkah manah baru, ti dipemuntang ketegal peminta entarabansa ti majak nambah ba timah enggau getah.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar2">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Aftermath of War|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514010408/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm|archive-date=14 May 2011|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Pemuntan Britain mujur ngetanka koloni iya ngelaban Jepun ngubah imej iya ba mata orang Singapura. [[Administrasyen Soldadu British (Malaya)|Administrasyen Soldadu British]] abis kena 1 April 1946, lalu Singapura nyadi koloni mahkota kediri ba hak iya empu, laban Negeri-negeri Selat dibuai enggau formal ba taun nya.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar">{{Cite web}}</ref> Kena bulan Julai 1947, Kunsil [[Kabinet Singapura|Eksekutif]] enggau [[Kunsil Legislatif Singapura|Legislatif]] (LegCo) ditumbuhka baru lalu pengawa milih enam iku kaban LegCo diperambu kena taun 1948. Semina siti parti politik, [[Parti Progresif (Singapura)|Parti Progresif]], bediri minta pilih ba pengawa bepilih besai ti balat disekat, ti terus nyadi dalam [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1951|taun 1951]].<ref name="micaSelfGovernment2">{{cite web|title=Towards Self-government|url=http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713023113/http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm|archive-date=13 July 2006|access-date=18 June 2006|publisher=Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore}}</ref> Sekumbang taun 1950-an, [[Parti Kominis Malaya|komunis China]], enggau kaul ti tegap enggau gerempung gawa sereta sekula China, ngaga perang gerila ngelaban perintah, ngujungka [[Darurat Malaya]] nyadi. [[Charut Servis Nasional 1954|Penyarut Servis Nasional taun 1954]], [[penyarut bas Hock Lee]] taun 1955, enggau [[penyarut sekula tengah China]] taun 1956 di Singapura semua nya bisi kaul enggau penusah tu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Communism|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000409182924/http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm|archive-date=9 April 2000|access-date=29 January 2012|website=Thinkquest}}</ref> [[David Marshall (kaban politik Singapura)|David Marshall]], ketuai pro-merdeka ari [[Baris Buruh]], menang ba [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1955|pengawa bepilih besai Singapura dalam taun 1955]] ti ngembuan hak ngundi ti dikerembaika tang ukai hak ngundi semua orang.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Low|first=James|date=2004|title=Kept in Position: The Labour Front-Alliance Government of Chief Minister David Marshall in Singapore, April 1955 – June 1956|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556|url-status=live|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|volume=35|issue=1|pages=41–64|doi=10.1017/S0022463404000037|issn=0022-4634|jstor=20072556|s2cid=154326049|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419081147/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> Sekumbang iya nyadi kepala menteri, iya nguluka raban ngagai London ngambika ulih merintah diri enggau penuh, tang Britain udah nulak peminta iya. Udah nya iya badu mangku pengawa lalu diganti [[Lim Yew Hock]] dalam taun 1956, lalu pengudah berunding enggau silik agi, Britain setuju meri Singapura [[Pemerintah kediri Singapura|kuasa merintah diri]] dalaman penuh ungkup semua pekara kelimpah ari pengawa ngetan enggau pengawa luar kena 3 Jun 1959.<ref name="countrystudies10">{{cite web|title=Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|archive-date=4 July 2014|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Beberapa hari sebedau nya, ba [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1959|pengawa bepilih besai 30 Me]] ti bisi hak ngundi ungkup semua rayat, PAP menang enggau besai di baruh pegai [[Lee Kuan Yew]].<ref name="yewnyt2">{{cite news|date=2 December 1990|title=Headliners; Retiring, Semi|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318035148/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|archive-date=18 March 2009|access-date=27 December 2008|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Gabenor [[William Goode (pemesai kolonial)|William Goode]] nyadi tuai menua keterubah, ke mega dikelala enggau nama Yang di-Pertuan Negara.<ref name="Law2">{{cite web|title=The Singapore Legal System|url=http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225639/http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html|archive-date=3 June 2011|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=Singapore Academy of Law}}</ref> === Dalam menua Malaysia === [[File:SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009.jpg|thumb| Singapura ngerembai nyadi palan dagang. Dalam taun 1960-an, kapal bum dikena ngangkut kargo enggau bekal entara kapal semak tebing tasik enggau Sungai Singapura.]] [[File:Prime_Minister_Lee_Kuan_Yew_of_Singapore_Making_a_Toast_at_a_State_Dinner_Held_in_His_Honor,_1975.jpg|thumb| [[Lee Kuan Yew]], Menteri Besai Singapura keterubah ari taun 1959 ngagai 1990 .]] Bala ketuai PAP pechaya, pengidup Singapura jemah ila bepanggai ba Malaya, ketegal kaul ti tegap entara kededua piak nya. Dipelabaka begempung baru enggau Malaya deka meri penguntung ngagai ekonomi nengah chara nempa makit begulai, ngelempungka penusah nadai kereja ti majak nyadi di Singapura. Taja pia, seraban sayap kiba ti besai ari PAP balat mantah pengawa begempung nya, nangika pengaruh lenyau, lalu ketegal nya numbuhka [[Barisan Sosialis]], sepengudah dibuai ari PAP.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=T. H |title=The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954–1966 |publisher=Singapore: South Seas Society |year=1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bloodworth |first=D |url=https://archive.org/details/tigertrojanhorse00bloo |title=The Tiger and the Trojan Horse |publisher=Singapore: Times Books International |year=1986 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Parti ke megai perintah Malaya, [[Gerempung Bansa Melayu Beserakup|Gerempung Bansa Melayu Bersatu]] (UMNO), endang bebendar ngelaban komunis, lalu disangka UMNO deka nyukung raban PAP ke ukai komunis. UMNO, keterubah iya skeptis enggau penemu begempung ketegal enda arapka perintah PAP sereta irau ati ke pemayuh etnik China di Singapura deka ngubah timbang bansa di Malaya ke alai palan kuasa politik sida bepanggai, nyadi nyukung penemu begempung ketegal begulai nangika pengawa ngambi alih komunis.<ref name="Wipe out extremists">{{cite news|date=18 February 1959|title=MCA: Wipe out extremists|newspaper=Singapore Standard}}</ref> Kena 27 Me 1961, menteri besai Malaya, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], ngaga perambu ngenyit ke Persekutuan baru ke dikumbai [[Malaysia]], ke deka nyerakupka reta tengkira British ke diatu enggau ke suba ba pelilih menua nya: [[Federasyen Malaya]], Singapura, [[Brunei]], [[Koloni Mahkota Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara]], enggau [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak|Sarawak]].<ref name="Big Unity Plan2">{{cite news|date=28 May 1961|title=Big 'Unity' Plan – Tengku on closer ties with S'pore, Borneo and Brunei|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1961-05-28/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061422/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1961-05-28/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]|page=1}}</ref> Bala ketuai UMNO pechaya penambah penyampau tubuh Melayu ba kandang menua Borneo deka ngimbangka penyampau tubuh bansa China Singapura. Perintah British ba piak iya, pechaya pengawa begempung nya deka nagang Singapura nyadi palan endur kominisme.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 March 1962|title=Appeal To Singapore|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620328-1.2.70.1?ST=1&AT=advanced|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214737/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620328-1.2.70.1?ST=1&AT=advanced|archive-date=19 March 2018|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|page=10}}</ref> Dikena ngulihka mandat ungkup pengawa begempung, PAP ngatur [[Referendum Begempung Singapura 1962|referendum pasal pengawa begempung nya]]. Referendum tu nyengkaum pilih syarat ti bebida ungkup pengawa begempung enggau Malaysia lalu nadai pilih dikena nyeliahka pengawa begempung enggau naka ulih.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 September 1962|title=Yes – What a win for Premier Lee|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-02/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061847/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-02/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 September 1962|title=Merger "Yes"|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-03/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061616/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-03/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=1}}</ref> Kena 16 September 1963, Singapura begulai enggau Malaya, Borneo Utara, enggau Sarawak numbuhka Persekutuan Malaysia baru nitihka terma [[Sempekat Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Abisheganaden|first1=Felix|date=16 September 1963|title=Hail Malaysia!|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1963-09-16/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309062748/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1963-09-16/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=[[The Straits Times]]|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]|page=1}}</ref> Nengah Sempekat tu, Singapura ngembuan tikas autonomi ke chukup tinggi enti dibanding enggau negeri bukai di Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore becomes part of Malaysia|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/1dab53ea-788c-461c-acfb-ca625b974c9c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207040425/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/1dab53ea-788c-461c-acfb-ca625b974c9c|archive-date=7 February 2017|access-date=6 February 2017|publisher=HistorySG}}</ref> [[Indonesia]] mantah penumbuh Malaysia ketegal tuntut iya empu ba Borneo lalu ngelancharka [[Konfrontasyen Indonesia–Malaysia|''Konfrontasi'']] dikena nimbal penumbuh Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=James |first=Harold |title=The Undeclared War: The Story of the Indonesian Confrontation 1962–1966 |last2=Sheil-Small |first2=Denis |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-87471-074-8 |location=Totowa}}{{Cite book |last=Mackie |first=J.A.C. |title=Konfrontasi: The Indonesia-Malaysia Dispute 1963–1966 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-638247-0 |location=Kuala Lumpur}}</ref> Kena 10 Mach 1965, [[Pengembom Rumah MacDonald|bom ke ditanam bala penyual Indonesia]] ba ringkat mezzanine [[rumah MacDonald]] meletup lalu munuh tiga iku orang lalu 33 iku agi bakal. Tu ke pemadu mayuh nabanka nyawa ari pemadu mimit 42 kes bom ke nyadi maya ''Konfrontasi'' . Dua iku kaban [[Kor Marin Indonesia]], [[Osman bin Haji Mohamed Ali]] enggau [[Harun bin Said]], pengujung iya diukum lalu dibunuh ketegal penyalah nya.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 April 1965|title=Mac Donald House blast: Two for trial|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19650406-1.2.99|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819064442/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19650406-1.2.99|archive-date=19 August 2017|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penusah meletup nya ngujungka US$250,000 dalam pengerusak ngagai Rumah MacDonald,<ref>{{cite web|author=Tan Lay Yuan|title=MacDonald House bomb explosion|url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_62_2004-12-17.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215082844/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_62_2004-12-17.html|archive-date=15 December 2011|website=Singapore Infopedia|publisher=National Library Board}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=9 October 1965|title=Mac Donald House suffered $250,000 bomb damage|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651009-1.2.46|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819065124/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651009-1.2.46|archive-date=19 August 2017|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Indah udah begempung, [[Kaul PAP–UMNO|perintah Singapura enggau perintah pusat Malaysia enda sepenemu]] ba mayuh pekara politik enggau ekonomi.<ref name="Road to Independence">{{cite news|year=1998|title=Road to Independence|url=http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013002423/http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html|archive-date=13 October 2013|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]}}</ref> Taja pan bisi sempekat numbuhka makit begulai, Singapura majak napi tagang lebuh bedagang enggau serata menua Malaysia. Dikena malas, Singapura enda ngerembaika ngagai [[Sabah]] enggau [[Sarawak]] takah penuh duit injau ti disetuju ke pemansang ekonomi dua buah nengeri timur nya. Enda lama udah nya, randau nyau putus, lalu jaku enggau tulis ti kasar nyadi mayuh ba kededua piak. Tu ngujungka penyarut komunal nyadi di Singapura, lalu ngujungka [[Penyarut bansa Singapura 1964|penyarut bansa nyadi ba taun 1964]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lau |first=A |title=A moment of anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the politics of disengagement |publisher=Times Academic Press |year=2000 |location=Singapore}}</ref> Kena 7 Ogos 1965, pengudah siri berunding enggau resia entara ketuai Malaysia enggau Singapura, [[Sempekat Meredeka Singapura 1965|sempekat beserara]] disain, muka jalai ngagai merdeka ngenyit tang diperambu ungkup Singapura.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 September 1998|title=which split the nation|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19980919-1.2.63.4|access-date=5 December 2025|work=The Straits Times|pages=51}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fong|first=Leslie|date=9 August 1990|others=Illustrations by Jose Tence Ruiz|title=The Week Before Separation|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19900809-1.2.109.3|access-date=5 December 2025|work=The Straits Times|pages=5–15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tin Seng|first=Lim|date=August 2019|title=Singapore's separation from Malaysia|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=9641f35d-3ae5-41d8-9fa6-7ca8b845ea53|access-date=5 December 2025|website=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref>Kena 9 Ogos 1965, Parlimen Malaysia ngundi 126 ngagai 0 ngemendarka rang undang-undang ubah konstitusyen, lalu enggau nya nyerara Singapura ari Malaysia, ti ngasuh Singapura nyadi sebengkah menua ke baru meredeka.<ref name="countrystudies102">{{cite web|title=Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|archive-date=4 July 2014|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref><ref name="LOC22">{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore as Part of Malaysia|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0033)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629223526/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0033)|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=29 January 2011|website=Library of Congress Country Studies|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Summary of Malaysia-Singapore History|url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article7878|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529081759/http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article7878|archive-date=29 May 2012|access-date=29 January 2012|website=europe-solidaire}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore separates from Malaysia and becomes independent – Singapore History|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013#27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111210312/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013#27|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=12 May 2017|publisher=National Library Board|quote=Negotiations were, however, done in complete secrecy... (Tunku moved) a bill to amend the constitution that would provide for Singapore's departure from the Federation. Razak was also waiting for the fully signed separation agreement from Singapore to allay possible suggestions that Singapore was expelled from Malaysia.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode 0: Trailer|url=https://thehistoryofsingapore.com/2015/07/31/episode-0-trailer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920150336/https://thehistoryofsingapore.com/2015/07/31/episode-0-trailer/|archive-date=20 September 2021|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Lim20152">{{Cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Edmund|date=22 December 2015|title=Secret documents reveal extent of negotiations for Separation|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/secret-documents-reveal-extent-of-negotiations-for-separation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920150329/https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/secret-documents-reveal-extent-of-negotiations-for-separation|archive-date=20 September 2021|access-date=15 August 2022|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref> === Republik Singapura === [[File:153_Singapore,_Jan_1978_(52023517826).jpg|kiri|thumb| Betemu enggau Kandang Menua Tengah Singapura dalam taun 1978 .]] [[File:Marina_Bay_Sands_20250903_(1).jpg|kiri|thumb| [[Marina Bay Sands]], siti ari dua palan ngelantangka ati ti begempung di Singapura.]] Pengudah iya dibuai ari Malaysia, Singapura merdeka nyadi "Republik Singapura" kena 9 Ogos 1965,<ref name="ST 10 Aug Front page">{{cite news|last1=Abisheganaden|first1=Felix|date=10 August 1965|title=Singapore is out|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221051204/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg|archive-date=21 February 2022|access-date=21 February 2022|work=[[The Straits Times]]|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]}}</ref> enggau [[Lee Kuan Yew]] enggau [[Yusof Ishak|Yusof bin Ishak]] nyadi menteri besai enggau presiden keterubah.<ref>{{cite web|author=Vernon Cornelius|title=Past and present leaders of Singapore|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3520aab7-25a2-452d-bdd3-2e75b1989866|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260127080909/https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3520aab7-25a2-452d-bdd3-2e75b1989866|archive-date=27 January 2026|access-date=27 January 2026|publisher=National Library Board}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 February 1960|title=Yusof to be the first President|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807064731/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60|archive-date=7 August 2020|access-date=28 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=National Libraries Board}}</ref> Dalam taun 1967, menua tu sama numbuhka [[Gerempung Menua Asia Tenggara|Gerempung Bansa-Bansa Asia Tenggara]] (ASEAN). <ref>{{Cite wikisource|Bangkok Declaration}}</ref> Penyarut bansa [[Penyarut bansa Singapura 1969|nyadi baru]] dalam taun 1969 nyadika empas ari [[Penyadi 13 Me|penusah 13 Me]] di Malaysia. Ba awak tu, penyarut nya tegap agi ditan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandhu |first=Kernial Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldKwPQ2PyBAC&pg=PA107 |title=Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore |last2=Wheatley |first2=Paul |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=1989 |isbn=978-981-3035-42-3 |page=107}}</ref> Pemerat Lee ba penumbuh ekonomi ti jampat, integrasyen bansa, ngelakuka pengawa dagang enggau nagang pengelepas demokratik nengah chara merintah enggau kuasa undang-undang ti luas nempa polisi Singapura ungkup setengah kurun ti deka datai.<ref>Terry McCarthy, "Lee Kuan Yew."</ref><ref name="lky-7prin2">{{cite news|date=25 March 2015|title=Lee Kuan Yew: Our chief diplomat to the world|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026020834/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world|archive-date=26 October 2015|access-date=8 November 2015|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penumbuh ekonomi majak nyadi sepemanjai taun 1980-an, enggau tikas penganggul gawa nurun ngagai 3% lalu penumbuh GDP ke bendar purata urung 8% nyentuk ngagai taun 1999. Dalam kandang taun 1980-an, Singapura berengkah ngalih ngagai industri beteknologi tinggi, baka sektor fabrikasyen wafer, ngambika ulih mengkang kompetitif lebuh menua sepiak berengkah ngaga enggau pengereja pengawa ti murah agi. [[Penerebai Bilun Singapura]] ditumbuhka dalam taun 1972 lalu [[Padang Bilun Changi]] dibuka dalam taun 1981, nganti padang bilun entarabansa di [[Pengakalan Langit Paya Lebar|Paya Lebar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Changi Airport|url=http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629014047/http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html|archive-date=29 June 2006|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore}}</ref> Perintah Lee beambi ulih ari penuduk geografi Singapura ti manah dikena ngemansangka [[Palan Penyangkai Singapura]] nyadi sebengkah ari palan penyangkai kapal ti pemadu kiruh di dunya, seraya industri servis enggau dagang temuai mega ngerembai enggau signifikan dalam timpuh tu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lunch Dialogue on 'Singapore as a Transport Hub'|url=https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117104954/https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub|archive-date=17 November 2018|access-date=17 November 2018|website=Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lam|first1=Yin Yin|date=26 January 2017|title=Three factors that have made Singapore a global logistics hub|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117105041/http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub|archive-date=17 November 2018|access-date=17 November 2018|website=The World Bank Blogs}}</ref> ==Nota== {{notelist}} == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Menua ba Asia]] lm8rc2xuvzygmctfwehxpvx9wrc9foc 19981 19980 2026-10-13T08:05:48Z Jang Edgar 20 /* Timpuh pengudah perang */ 19981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox country | conventional_long_name = Republik Singapura | common_name = Singapore | native_name = {{Infobox |subbox=yes |bodystyle=font-size:80%;font-weight:normal; | rowclass1 = mergedrow |label1=[[Jaku Melayu]]: |data1={{Lang|ms|Republik Singapura}} | rowclass2 = mergedrow |label2=[[Jaku Mandarin]]:|data2={{Lang|zh|新加坡共和国}} | rowclass3 = mergedrow |label3=[[Jaku Tamil]]: |data3={{Lang|ta|சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு}} }} | image_flag = Flag of Singapore.svg | image_coat = Coat of arms of Singapore.svg | symbol_width = 90px | other_symbol = | national_motto = {{Native name|ms|Majulah Singapura}}<br />"Mansang meh Singapura" | national_anthem = {{Native name|ms|[[Majulah Singapura]]}}<br />"Onward Singapore"<br/><div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;">{{Center|[[Fail:Majulah Singapura.ogg]]}}</div> | image_map = Singapore on the globe (Southeast Asia centered) zoom.svg | map_width = 250px | coordinates = {{Coord|1|17|N|103|50|E|type:city(5,700,000)_region:SG|display=inline,title}} | capital = '''Singapura''' ([[city-state]]){{Efn|Singapore has no official distinct capital city as it is a [[city-state]].<ref name="City-state">{{Cite encyclopedia |title=Singapore |quote=The city, once a [[City of Singapore (historical entity)|distinct entity]], so came to dominate the island that the Republic of Singapore essentially became a city-state. |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |access-date=29 August 2019 |encyclopedia=Encyclopaedia Britannica |archive-date=28 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220828055010/https://www.britannica.com/place/Singapore-capital |url-status=live }}</ref>}} | largest_settlement = [[Bedok]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/geographic-distribution/visualising-data/geographical-distribution-dashboard|title=Singapore Department of Statistics population report for 2022|publisher=Singstat|accessdate=7 June 2023|archive-date=24 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221224122208/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/geographic-distribution/visualising-data/geographical-distribution-dashboard|url-status=live}}</ref> | largest_settlement_type = [[Planning Areas of Singapore|planning area]] {{Nobold|by population}} | languages_type = Jaku Rasmi | languages = {{Hlist|[[Jaku Inggeris Singapura|Jaku Inggeris]]|[[Jaku Melayu]]|[[Jaku Mandarin]]|[[Jaku Tamil]]}} | languages2_type = [[Jaku Nasional]] | languages2 = [[Jaku Melayu]] | ethnic_groups = {{Unbulleted list|74.0% [[Orang China Singapura|China]]|13.5% [[Orang Melayu Singapura|Melayu]]|9.0% [[Orang India Singapura|India]]|3.4% [[Demografi Singapura|ke bukai]]}} | ethnic_groups_ref = {{Efn|Proportions of ethnic groups are calculated based only on the resident population, which comprises Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PR).<ref name="census2020">{{Cite web |title=Population Trends 2023 |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/population2023.ashx |website=Singapore Department of Statistics |access-date=6 July 2024 |archive-date=6 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240706140335/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/population/population2023.ashx|url-status=live }}</ref>}} | ethnic_groups_year = 2023 | religion_year = 2020 | religion_ref = {{Efn|Proportions of religious denominations are calculated based only on the resident population, which comprises Singapore Citizens (SC) and Permanent Residents (PR).<ref name="census2020"/>}} | religion = {{Ublist|31.1% [[Pengarap Buddha ba Singapura|Buddha]]|20.0% [[Penadai Pengarap ba Singapura|nadai pengarap]]|18.9% [[Kristian ba Singapura|Kristian]]|15.6% [[Islam ba Singapura|Islam]]|8.8% [[Taoisme ba Singapura|Taoisme]]| 5.0% [[Hindu in Singapura|Hindu]]| 0.6% [[Pengarap ba Singapore|ke bukai]]}} | demonym = | government_type = [[Republik beparlimen]] parti dominan beserakup | leader_title1 = [[Presiden Singapura|Presiden]] | leader_name1 = [[Tharman Shanmugaratnam]] | leader_title2 = [[Menteri Besai Singapora|Menteri Besai]] | leader_name2 = [[Lawrence Wong]] | leader_title3 = [[Speaker of the Parliament of Singapore|Speaker of Parliament]] | leader_name3 = [[Seah Kian Peng]] | leader_title4 = [[Ketuai Pengelurus Singapore|Ketuai Pengelurus]] | leader_name4 = [[Sundaresh Menon]] | legislature = [[Parliamen Singapura|Parliamen]] | upper_house = | lower_house = | sovereignty_type = Meredeka | sovereignty_note = ari [[United Kingdom]] enggau [[Malaysia]] | established_event1 = {{Nowrap|[[Perintah Kediri Singapura|Perintah kediri]]}} | established_date1 = 3 Jun 1959 | established_event2 = {{Nowrap|[[Sempekat Malaysia]]}} | established_date2 = 16 September 1963 | established_event3 = [[Proklamasyen Singapura]] | established_date3 = 9 Ogos 1965 | established_event4 = | established_date4 = | area_km2 = 735.2 | area_footnote = <ref name="total area of Singapore">{{Cite web |title=Environment - Latest Data |date=31 January 2023 |publisher=Singapore Department of Statistics |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |access-date=15 May 2023 |archive-date=19 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719053602/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/society/environment/latest-data |url-status=live }}</ref> | area_rank = 176th | population_estimate = {{IncreaseNeutral}} 5,917,600{{Efn|Singapore Citizen (SC) population is 3,610,700, Permanent Resident (PR) population is 538,600, Non-Resident population is 1,768,300.<ref name="Population and Population Structure">{{Cite web |title=Population and Population Structure |publisher=Department of Statistics Singapore |url=https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data|access-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116052657/https://www.singstat.gov.sg/find-data/search-by-theme/population/population-and-population-structure/latest-data |archive-date=16 November 2023}}</ref>}} | population_estimate_year = 2023 | population_estimate_rank = 113rd | population_density_km2 = 7,804 | population_density_sq_mi = auto | population_density_rank = 2nd | GDP_PPP = {{Increase}} $794.179 billion<ref name="IMFWEO.SG">{{Cite web |url=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/April/weo-report?c=576,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2022&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1 |title=World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024 Edition. (Singapore) |publisher=[[International Monetary Fund]] |website=www.imf.org |date=16 April 2024 |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref> | GDP_PPP_year = 2024 | GDP_PPP_rank = 38th | GDP_PPP_per_capita = {{Increase}} $133,737<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = 3rd | GDP_nominal = {{Increase}} $525.228 billion<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_nominal_year = 2024 | GDP_nominal_rank = 32nd | GDP_nominal_per_capita = {{Increase}} $91,100<ref name=IMFWEO.SG /> | GDP_nominal_per_capita_rank = 5th | Gini = 45.9 <!--number only--> | Gini_year = 2017 | Gini_change = steady <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | Gini_ref = <ref name="CIA">{{Cite web|title=Distribution of Family Income – GINI Index |publisher=[[Central Intelligence Agency]]|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|access-date=25 January 2019|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113028/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/223.html#SN|url-status=dead}}</ref> | Gini_rank = | HDI = 0.949 <!--number only--> | HDI_year = 2022<!-- Please use the year to which the data refers, not the publication year--> | HDI_change = increase <!--increase/decrease/steady--> | HDI_ref = <ref name="HDI">{{Cite web |date=13 March 2024 |title=Human Development Report 2023/2024 |url=https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf|url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf |archive-date=13 March 2024 |access-date=13 March 2024 |publisher=[[United Nations Development Programme]] |language=en}}</ref> | HDI_rank = 9th | currency = [[Dollar Singapura]] (S$) | currency_code = SGD | time_zone = [[Singapore Standard Time]] | utc_offset = +8 | antipodes = | date_format = {{Abbr|dd|day}}/{{Abbr|mm|month}}/{{Abbr|yyyy|year}} | drives_on = left | calling_code = [[+65|+65]] | iso3166code = SG | cctld = [[.sg|.sg]] }} '''Singapura''' tauka nama resmi iya '''Republik Singapura''' ia nya siti menua pulau ti bepalan ba tepi hujung selatan Semenanjung Tanah Melayu. Menua nya urung satu darjah latitud (137 kilometer tauka 85 batu) utara ekuator, ari ujung selatan [[Semenanjung Tanah Melayu]], besepiak enggau [[Selat Melaka]] ba barat, [[Selat Singapura]] ba selatan begulai enggau [[Pulau Riau]] di [[Indonesia]], [[Tasik China Selatan]] ba timur, enggau [[Selat Johor]] enggau Negeri [[Johor]], [[Malaysia]] ba timur. == Nama enggau asal nama == Nama Singapura datai ari leka jaku Melayu, Singapura ke datai ari leka [[jaku Sanskrit]] ti mai reti 'mengeri singa' ({{langx|sa|सिंहपुर}}; <small>[[International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration|romanised:]]</small> {{lang|sa-Latn|Siṃhapura}}; [[Brahmi script|Brahmi]]: {{lang|sa-Brah|𑀲𑀺𑀁𑀳𑀧𑀼𑀭}}; enggau literal mai reti "mengeri singa"; {{wikt-lang|sa|सिंह|siṃha|script=Latn}} reti iya 'singa', {{wikt-lang|sa|पुर|pura|script-Latn}} reti iya 'nengeri' tauka 'kubu').<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010411060419/http://www.bartleby.com/61/46/S0424600.html|url-status=dead |archive-date=11 April 2001 |title=Singapore |publisher=Bartleby |access-date=13 May 2020}}</ref> Pulau Ujong nya siti ari endur ke pemadu tumu nyebut pasal Pulau Singapura, ke setipak enggau cherita China ari abad ketiga ke nyebut pasal endur nyadi ''[[Pulau Ujong|Pú Luó Zhōng]]'' ({{zh|c=[[wikt:蒲|蒲]] [[wikt:羅|羅]] [[wikt:中|中]]}}), transkripsyen nama jaku Melayu ke ‘pulau ba ujung semenanjung’.<ref name="utexas">{{cite web |title=Singapore: History, Singapore 1994 |url=http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/singapore/Singapore-History.html |publisher=Asian Studies @ University of Texas at Austin |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070323095958/http://inic.utexas.edu/asnic/countries/Singapore/Singapore-History.html |archive-date=23 March 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Penerang keterubah pasal nama ''Temasek'' (tauka ''Tumasik'') bisi ditemu dalam [[Nagarakretagama]], iya nya bup eulogi jaku Jawa ke ditulis dalam taun 1365, enggau bup jaku Vietnam ari timpuh ke sama. Nama tu engka mai reti Mengeri Tasik, laban iya datai ari jaku Melayu tasek, reti iya ‘tasik’ tauka ‘danau’.<ref name="toponym">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DTOJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA381 |title=Singapore Street Names: A Study of Toponymics |author1=Victor R Savage |author2=Brenda Yeoh |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |date=15 June 2013 |isbn=9789814484749 |page=381 |access-date=28 July 2017 |archive-date=12 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412012131/https://books.google.com/books?id=DTOJAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA381 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pemata ari menua China ke benama [[Wang Dayuan]] ngabas siti endur kena taun 1330 dikumbai ''Danmaxi'' ({{zh|c=淡馬錫|p= Dànmǎxí|w=Tan Ma Hsi}}) tauka ''Tam ma siak'', bepanggai ba chara nyebut; tu engka transkripsyen Temasek, tauka, iya engka gempung leka jaku Melayu ''Tanah'' enggau jaku China ''xi'' ti mai reti ‘tin’, ti kala didagangka ba pulau nya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173 |title=Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800 |author1-link=John N. Miksic |author=John N. Miksic |publisher=NUS Press |date=15 November 2013 |isbn=978-9971695743 |pages=171–182 |access-date=19 June 2020 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143007/https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA173#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="toponym" /> Variasyen nama {{lang|sa-Latn|Siṃhapura}} dikena ungkup sekeda mengeri di serata pelilih menua sebedau numbuhka Perintah Singapura. Dalam budaya Hindu–Buddha, singa dikaitka enggau kuasa sereta nyaga, ti engka nerangka penarit nama ti baka nya.{{sfn|Miksic|2013|pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=bMt3BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA151 151–152]}}<ref>{{cite news |url=https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ |title=5 other places in Asia which are also called Singapura |author=Joshua Lee |work=Mothership |date=6 December 2016 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406022412/https://mothership.sg/2016/12/5-other-places-in-asia-which-are-also-called-singapura/ |url-status=live}}</ref> Nama ''Singapura'' nganti Temasek kira-kira sebedau kurun ke-15, pengudah penumbuh Perintah Singapura ba pulau nya ulih siku ''Raja'' (putera) Sumatera ti rari ari [[Palembang]]. Taja pia, maya enggau kebuah ke bendar nama nya ditukar bedau ditemu. Karang Sulalatus Salatin setengah sejarah madahka Temasek ditukar Sang Nila Utama nama iya nyadi Singapura, siku Raja Sumatera abad ke-13 ari Palembang. Sulalatus Salatin mega madahka Sang Nila Utama betemu enggau jelu ti nyelai ba pulau nya ti diambi iya nyadi singa. Meda utai tu nyadika tanda, iya lalu numbuhka menua Singapura endur iya betemu enggau jelu nya.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/sejarah-melayu-cheah-boon-kheng/page/n1/mode/2up?q= |title=Sejarah Melayu The Malay Annals MS RAFFLES No. 18 Edisi Rumi Baru/New Romanised Edition |date=1998 |publisher=Academic Art & Printing Services Sdn. Bhd. |isbn=967-9948-13-7 |editor-last1=Kheng |editor-first1=Cheah Boon |editor-last2=Ismail |editor-first2=Abdul Rahman Haji}}</ref>{{Rp|37, 88–92}}<ref>{{cite journal |last=Brown |first=C.C. |date=October 1952 |title=The Malay Annals translated from Raffles MS 18 |url=https://archive.org/details/malay-annals-C.-C.-Brown/page/n1/mode/2up?q= |journal=Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society |volume=25 |issue=2&3 |pages=1–276}}</ref>{{Rp|30–31}} Hipotesis kedua ti diambi ari sumber jaku Portugis, ngepostulatka cherita mitos tu bepelasarka pengidup ti bendar Parameswara ari Palembang. Parameswara madahka diri meredeka ari Majapahit lalu niki Panggau Singa. Udah nya dibuai orang Jawa, iya lalu ngerampas kuasa atas Temasek. Iya engka udah ngaga baru nama endur nya nyadi Singapura, ngingatka kerusi diraja ti udah dibuai iya.<ref name="turnbull">{{cite book |last=Turnbull |first=C.M. |author-link=C. M. Turnbull |title=A History of Modern Singapore, 1819–2005 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |publisher=NUS Press |year=2009 |pages=21–22 |isbn=978-9971-69-430-2 |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-date=5 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143058/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live}}</ref> Lebuh Jipun megai menua nya, Singapura diberi nama baru {{Nihongo|''Syonan-to''|[[wikt:昭|昭]] [[wikt:南|南]]|Shōnan|lead=yes}}, ti mai reti 'penampak selatan'.<ref>{{cite book |last=Abshire |first=Jean |title=The History of Singapore |year=2011 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=104 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AHF59oExO80C&pg=PA104 |isbn=978-0-313-37743-3 |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000704/https://books.google.com/books?id=AHF59oExO80C&pg=PA104 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Blackburn |first1=Kevin |first2=Karl |last2=Hack |title=Did Singapore Have to Fall?: Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress |year=2004 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |isbn=978-0-203-40440-9 |page=132 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TUC2qveu-b8C&pg=PA132 |access-date=21 November 2020 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000739/https://books.google.com/books?id=TUC2qveu-b8C&pg=PA132 |url-status=live}}</ref> Singapura kekadang disebut ngena nama kumbai "Nengeri Taman", lebuh ti ngenang pasal taman enggau jalai ti bebaris enggau pun kayu.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |last1=Goetz |first1=Philip W. |title=Singapore <!-- this is a guess fixing a bollixed ref --> |quote="Singapore, known variously as the 'Lion City,' or 'Garden City,' the latter for its many parks and tree-lined streets |encyclopedia=The New Encyclopædia Britannica |location=Chicago |edition=15th |date=1991 |page=832 |isbn=978-0-85229-529-8 |bibcode=1991neb..book.....G}}</ref> Siti agi nama ti enda formal, iya nya “Titik Mirah Mit”, dikena sepengudah artikel dalam ''Asian Wall Street Journal'' kena 4 Ogos 1998 madahka Presiden Indonesia B. J. Habibie ngumbai Singapura nyadi titik mirah ba kar.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Glennie |first1=Charlotte |last2=Ang |first2=Mavis |last3=Rhys |first3=Gillian |last4=Aul |first4=Vidhu |last5=Walton |first5=Nicholas |title=50 reasons Singapore is the best city in the world |url=https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/singapore-50-reasons |quote="The Lion City. The Garden City. The Asian Tiger. The 'Fine' City. All venerable nicknames, and the longtime favourite is the 'Little Red Dot'" |publisher=[[CNN]] |date=6 August 2015 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=7 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807045157/http://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/singapore-50-reasons |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=A little red dot in a sea of green |url=https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21657610-sense-vulnerability-has-made-singapore-what-it-today-can-it-now-relax-bit |newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date=16 July 2015 |quote="..with a characteristic mixture of pride and paranoia, Singapore adopted 'little red dot' as a motto" |location=London |access-date=16 October 2017 |archive-date=16 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171016175357/https://www.economist.com/news/special-report/21657610-sense-vulnerability-has-made-singapore-what-it-today-can-it-now-relax-bit |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Editorial: The mighty red dot |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2017/09/08/editorial-the-mighty-red-dot.html |work=[[The Jakarta Post]] |date=8 September 2017 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=28 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128071756/https://www.thejakartapost.com/academia/2017/09/08/editorial-the-mighty-red-dot.html |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Habibie truly admired the 'Little Red Dot' |newspaper=[[Today (Singapore newspaper)|Today]] |date=20 September 2006}}.</ref> == Sejarah == === Singapura Kelia === Dalam taun 1299, nitihka ''Sulalatus Salatin'', menua [[Perintah Singapura]] ditumbuhka [[Sang Nila Utama]] ba pulau nya. <ref>{{Cite book |last=<!--unknown; old historical document--> |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J9JAAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA43 |title=Malay Annals |date=1821 |page=43 |translator-last=Leyden |translator-first=John}}</ref> Taja pan sejarah cherita baka ke diberi dalam ''Sulalatus Salatin'' nyadi subjek jurai akademik, {{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} taja pia ditemu ari mayuh macham dokumen ti madahka Singapura ba abad ke-14, maya nya dikelala enggau nama ''[[Temasek]]'', nyadi palan penyangkai kapal dagang di baruh pengaruh kededua Empayar [[Majapahit]] enggau perintah-perintah [[Perintah Ayutthaya|Siam]],{{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} sereta bagi ari [[Indosfer]].<ref name="Dixon2">{{cite book |last1=Dixon |first1=Robert M.W. |url=https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002 |title=Adjective Classes: A Cross-linguistic Typology |last2=Alexandra |first2=Y. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |isbn=0-19-920346-6 |page=[https://archive.org/details/adjectiveclasses00dixo_002/page/n96 74] |url-access=limited}}</ref><ref name="Matisoff19902">{{Citation|last=Matisoff|first=James|title=On Megalocomparison|journal=Language|volume=66|issue=1|pages=106–120|year=1990|doi=10.2307/415281|jstor=415281|author-link=James Matisoff}}</ref><ref name="Enfield2">{{Citation|last=Enfield|first=N.J.|title=Areal Linguistics and Mainland Southeast Asia|journal=Annual Review of Anthropology|volume=34|pages=181–206|year=2005|url=http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf|access-date=5 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816071246/http://pubman.mpdl.mpg.de/pubman/item/escidoc:57458/component/escidoc:57459/Enfield_2005_areal.pdf|archive-date=16 August 2017|url-status=dead|doi=10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120406|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-0013-167B-C|hdl-access=free}}</ref><ref name="academia edu2">{{cite journal|last1=Lavy|first1=Paul A.|year=2003|title=As in Heaven, So on Earth: The Politics of Visnu Siva and Harihara Images in Preangkorian Khmer Civilisation|url=https://www.academia.edu/2635407|url-status=live|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|publisher=Academia|volume=34|issue=1|pages=21–39|doi=10.1017/S002246340300002X|issn=0022-4634|s2cid=154819912|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812222402/https://www.academia.edu/2635407|archive-date=12 August 2021|access-date=23 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Results of the 1995–1996 Archaeological Field Investigations at Angkor Borei, Cambodia|url=http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/people/faculty/stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923172419/http://www.anthropology.hawaii.edu/People/Faculty/Stark/pdfs/AP1999%20article.pdf|archive-date=23 September 2015|access-date=5 July 2015|publisher=University of Hawai'i-Manoa}}</ref> Perintah-perintah ti udah bisi pengaruh India tu ditanda enggau daya tahan ti ngalitka ati, integriti politik enggau penegap jalai perintah.<ref>Pierre-Yves Manguin, "From Funan to Sriwijaya: Cultural continuities and discontinuities in the Early Historical maritime states of Southeast Asia", in ''25 tahun kerjasama Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi dan Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient,'' Jakarta, Pusat Penelitian Arkeologi / EFEO, 2002, p. 59–82.</ref> Sumber sejarah mega nunjukka urung ujung kurun ke-14, pemerintah iya [[Parameswara ari Melaka|Parameswara]] diserang sekalika bansa Majapahit tauka bansa Siam, ngujungka iya pindah ke [[Melaka]] ke alai iya numbuhka [[Kesultanan Melayu Melaka|Kesultanan Melaka]].{{Sfn|Miksic|2013}} Bukti arkeologi nunjukka palan pengentap pendiau besai ba Fort Canning Hill udah ditinggalka urung maya tu, taja pan palan pengentap pendiau dagang mit majak nyadi di Singapura dalam kandang sekeda maya udah nya.<ref name="turnbull">{{Cite book |last=Turnbull |first=C.M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22 |title=A History of Modern Singapore, 1819–2005 |publisher=NUS Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-9971-69-430-2 |pages=21–22 |author-link=C. M. Turnbull |access-date=13 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305143058/https://books.google.com/books?id=Y9yvBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA22#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=5 March 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Dalam taun 1613, bala penyerang [[Bansa Portugis|Portugis]] nunu palan pengentap pendiau nya, lalu pulau nya pudar pengelama dua abad ke nangkanka nya.<ref name="Borschbergp157-158">{{Cite book |last=Borschberg |first=P. |title=The Singapore and Melaka Straits. Violence, Security and Diplomacy in the 17th century |publisher=NUS Press |year=2010 |isbn=978-9971-69-464-7 |location=Singapore |pages=157–158}}</ref> Maya nya, Singapura nyadi sebagi ari [[Kesultanan Johor]].<ref name="country studies2">{{cite web|title=Country Studies: Singapore: History|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060923070753/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/3.htm|archive-date=23 September 2006|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Kandang menua maritim ti lebih luas sereta mayuh dagang dipegai Belanda dalam timpuh ti nangkanka nya pengudah [[Melaka Belanda|Belanda ngalahka Melaka]] dalam taun 1641.<ref name="uslcFοunding">{{Cite book |url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/ |title=Singapore: A Country Study |publisher=GPO for tus/singapore/4.htm |year=1989 |editor-last=Leitch Lepoer |editor-first=Barbara |series=Country Studies |access-date=18 February 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015211019/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/ |archive-date=15 October 2009 |url-status=live}}</ref> === Pegai British === [[File:Letter_from_William_Farquhar_to_Sultan_Muhammad_Kanzul_Alam,_the_Sultan_of_Brunei,_dated_28_November_1819.jpg|thumb| Surat ari [[William Farquhar]] ngagai Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam, [[Sultan Brunei|Sultan Ke-21 Brunei]], kena 28 Nonember 1819. Ba baris keterubah, Farquhar bisi nyebut pasal Sultan Hussein Shah enggau Temenggong Abdul Rahman ngemendarka [[Kompeni Hindia Timur British]] numbuhka kilang di Singapura kena 6 Februari 1819.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Nicholl |first=Robert |title=From Buckfast to Borneo: Essays Presented to Father Robert Nicholl on the 85th Anniversary of His Birth, 27 March 1995 |last2=King |first2=Victor T. |last3=Horton |first3=A. V. H. |publisher=University of Hull |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-85958-836-2 |location=Hull, England |pages=219 |chapter=Malay sources for the history of the Sultanate of Brunei in the early nineteenth century: some letters from the reign of Sultan Muhammad Kanzul Alam (Annabel Teh Gallop) |oclc=35366675 |access-date=24 April 2022 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000715/https://www.academia.edu/11507827 |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |title=Farquhar Letterbook (Add MS 12398) |year=1842 |pages=39–40 |language=ms |chapter=Ini kupia surat kepada Raja Barunai |trans-chapter=This is a copy of the letter to the Raja of Brunei |access-date=24 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424173837/http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_12398_f019r |archive-date=24 April 2022 |url-status=live}}</ref>]] Gabenor British [[Stamford Raffles]] datai di Singapura kena 28 Januari 1819 lalu enda lama udah nya iya ngaku pulau nya nyadi pilih semula jadi ungkup palan penyangkai kapal baru nya.<ref name="YongRao1995">{{Cite book |last=Mun Cheong Yong |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3 |title=Singapore-India Relations: A Primer |last2=V. V. Bhanoji Rao |publisher=NUS Press |year=1995 |isbn=978-9971-69-195-0 |page=3 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000734/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZdZo5Ui8oS4C&pg=PA3#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pulau tu udah nya diperintah enggau nama ulih [[Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah|Tengku Abdul Rahman]], [[Sultan Johor]], ti dikuasa [[Empayar koloni Belanda|Belanda]] enggau orang [[Bansa Bugis|Bugis]].<ref name="Trocki2009">{{Cite book |last=Trocki |first=Carl A. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73 |title=Singapore: Wealth, Power and the Culture of Control |publisher=Routledge |year=2009 |isbn=978-1-134-50243-1 |page=73 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000706/https://books.google.com/books?id=vA-CAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Taja pia, Kesultanan nya lemi ketegal bepechah-belah: [[Temenggong Abdul Rahman|Abdul Rahman]], [[Temenggong ari Johor|Temenggong Johor]] ngagai Tengku Abdul Rahman, pia mega bala pemesai iya, taluk ngagai menyadi tuai Sultan [[Hussein Shah ari Johor|Tengku Long]], ti benung diau di buangan di [[Pulau Penyengat]], [[Pulau-pulau Riau]]. Enggau saup sida Temenggong, Raffles mujur mai Tengku Long pulai ngagai menua Singapura. Raffles bisi meri penemu deka ngaku Tengku Long nyadi Sultan Johor ti patut, ngena gelar Sultan Hussein, lalu pia mega meri iya bayar setaun sepenyampau $5000 enggau $3000 agi ngagai Temenggong; nyadika balas, Sultan Hussein deka meri hak ngagai British numbuhka palan dagang ba Singapura.<ref name="uslcFounding">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Founding and Early Years|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221117143728/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/4.htm|archive-date=17 November 2022|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[U.S. Library of Congress]]}}</ref> [[Sempekat Singapura 1819|Sempekat Singapura]] disain kena 6 Februari 1819.<ref>{{cite web|last=Ng|first=Jenny|date=7 February 1997|title=1819 – The February Documents|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717065310/https://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/overview/the_early_years/v01n02b_history.html|archive-date=17 July 2017|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Ministry of Defence]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Milestones in Singapore's Legal History|url=http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927183512/http://app.supremecourt.gov.sg/default.aspx?pgID=39|archive-date=27 September 2007|access-date=18 July 2006|publisher=[[Supreme Court, Singapore]]}}</ref> Dalam taun 1824, sempekat ke bukai enggau Sultan ngujungka serata pulau nya nyadi sebagi ari [[Empayar British]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore2">{{cite web|title=Founding of Modern Singapore|url=http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090508135636/http://app.www.sg/who/32/Founding-of-Modern-Singapore.aspx|archive-date=8 May 2009|access-date=13 April 2011|publisher=[[Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts]]}}</ref> Dalam taun 1826, Singapura nyadi sebagi ari [[Negeri-negeri Selat]], maya nya di baruh kuasa India British. Singapura nyadi indu nengeri pelilih menua dalam taun 1836.<ref>{{cite web|title=East & South-East Asia Titles: Straits Settlements Annual Reports (Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Labuan) 1855–1941|url=http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120609014003/http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=17|archive-date=9 June 2012|access-date=31 July 2012|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]}}</ref> Sebedau penatai Raffles, semina bisi urung seribu iku aja orang ke diau ba pulau nya, ke tebal agi bansa asal [[Melayu]] begulai enggau sekeda [[Orang China menua tasik|bansa China]].<ref name="The Malays2">{{cite web|title=The Malays|url=http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110223000344/http://yesterday.sg/discover-more/communities-festivals/communities/the-malays/|archive-date=23 February 2011|access-date=28 July 2011|publisher=National Heritage Board 2011}}</ref> Datai ba taun 1860, penyampau tubuh udah nambah ngagai lebih 80,000 iku, lalu lebih ari setengah ari sida nya [[Orang China Singapura|bansa China]].<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore">{{Cite web}}</ref> Mayuh ari orang ke dulu datai ari menua bukai tu datai gawa ba kebun lada enggau gambir.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanderson |first=Reginald |url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924023134368#page/n227/mode/2up |title=Twentieth century impressions of British Malaya: its history, people, commerce, industries, and resources |date=1907 |editor-last=Wright |editor-first=Arnold |pages=220–221 |editor-last2=Cartwright |editor-first2=H.A.}}</ref> Dalam taun 1867, Negeri-negeri Selat diseraraka ari India British, lalu dikuasa terus Britain.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Singapore attains crown colony status – Singapore History|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414171544/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/372a4e72-9f1b-4eb4-9ec6-58cad02000f0|archive-date=14 April 2021|access-date=22 December 2025|website=nlb.gov.sg}}</ref> Udah nya, dalam taun 1890-an, lebuh industri getah udah tegap di [[Negeri Singapura (Malaysia)|Malaya]] enggau Singapura,<ref>{{cite web|title=First Rubber Trees are Planted in Singapore – 1877|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180614122517/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/a8ceea4c-1c8b-4c9a-885c-b85038b39e4c|archive-date=14 June 2018|access-date=28 December 2025|website=History SG|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> pulau tu nyadi palan global endur milih enggau eksport getah.<ref name="Founding of Modern Singapore" /> [[File:Singapore_1865_SLNSW_FL15083916.jpg|thumb| Litograf ti digaga [[Vincent Brooks, Day & Son|Vincent Brooks]] ari [[Nengeri Singapura (entiti besejarah)|Nengeri Singapura]] dalam taun 1865 ari Gunung Wallich ke suba.]] Singapura enda balat kena empas [[Perang Dunya Keterubah]] (1914–1918), laban konflik nya enda ngerembai ngagai [[Asia Tenggara]]. Semina utai ke besai reti maya perang nya iya nya [[Charut Singapura 1915]] ke digaga bala sepoy [[Orang Islam|Islam]] ari India British, ke dijaga di Singapura.<ref name="Brill1">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17 |title=The Indian Army in the Two World Wars |date=14 October 2011 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |isbn=978-90-04-21145-2 |pages=17–18 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000843/https://books.google.com/books?id=cON5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA17#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pengudah ninga berita selebubu madahka sida deka dianjung ngelaban [[Empayar Ottoman]], sebengkah menua Islam, bala soldadu nya ngelaban, munuh pemesai sida enggau sekeda periman British sebedau pengawa ngelaban nya ditekan soldadu ukai Islam ke datai ari [[Johor]] enggau [[Myanmar|Burma]].<ref>{{cite web|title=1915 Singapore Mutiny|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=82db2bb0-b99c-4a9f-9beb-b25626cb3f87|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225200105/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/infopedia/articles/SIP_570_2005-01-24.html|archive-date=25 February 2021|access-date=28 December 2025|website=National Library Board|publisher=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref> [[File:HMS-Repulse-Battlecruiser-IWM-collections.jpg|thumb| Kapal perang [[HMS Repulse (1916)|HMS Repulse]], siti ari sekeda kapal modal ti dianjung Churchill ke Singapura dikena ngetanka iya.]] Udah [[Perang Dunya Keterubah|Perang Dunya I]], British ngaga [[Pengkalan Soldadu Tasik Singapura]] ti besai nyadi sebagi ari strategi pengetan Singapura.<ref name="Stille2016">{{Cite book |last=Stille |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=Malaya and Singapore 1941–42: The fall of Britain's empire in the East |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2016 |isbn=978-1-4728-1124-0 |pages=5–6 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211000710/https://books.google.com/books?id=gHe9DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Keterubah iya dipadahka dalam taun 1921, pengawa ngaga pengkalan nya bejalai enggau pengelaju nyentukka [[Serang Jipun ngagai Manchuria|Jipun nyerang Manchuria]] dalam taun 1931. Beungkus $60 juta lalu bedau tembu digaga enggau penuh dalam taun 1938, taja pia iya nyadi palan penyangkai kapal kering ke pemadu besai di dunya, palan penyangkai kapal apung ketiga pemadu besai, lalu bisi tangki minyak ke chukup dikena nyukung semua soldadu tasik British pengelama enam bulan.<ref name="Stille2016" /><ref name="Tan2008">{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2008 |isbn=978-981-230-878-8 |pages=90–}}</ref><ref name="Hobbs2017">{{Cite book |last=Hobbs |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5 |title=The British Pacific Fleet: The Royal Navy's Most Powerful Strike Force |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=2017 |isbn=978-1-61251-917-3 |page=5 |access-date=14 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240211001300/https://books.google.com/books?id=FVEgDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA5#v=onepage&q&f=false |archive-date=11 February 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> Pengkalan nya dibela ngena berat 15-inch (380 mm) senapang soldadu tasik ke diengkah ba [[Kubu Siloso]], Kubu Canning enggau Labrador, sereta mega padang bilun [[Soldadu Langit Diraja]] ba [[Pengkalan Langit Tengah]]. [[Winston Churchill]] ngumbai iya nyadi "[[Gibraltar]] Timur", lalu randau soldadu suah ngumbai pengkalan nya semina "[[Timur Suez]]". Taja pia, British Home Fleet diau ba Eropah, lalu British enda ulih ngaga armada kedua dikena nyaga pemerat sida di Asia. Perambu nya ngambika Home Fleet belayar enggau jampat ke Singapura enti sema bisi penusah ngenyit nyadi. Pengudah [[Perang Dunya Kedua]] nyadi dalam taun 1939, armada nya penuh enggau pengetan Britain, ngujungka Singapura mudah kena [[Pemegai Jipun ba Singapura|serang Jipun]].<ref name="LambTarling2001">{{Cite book |last=Lamb |first=Margaret |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |title=From Versailles to Pearl Harbor: The Origins of the Second World War in Europe and Asia |last2=Tarling |first2=Nicholas |date=2001 |publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education |isbn=978-1-4039-3772-8 |page=39 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200818180438/https://books.google.com/books?id=4izcCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA39 |archive-date=18 August 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Tan |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BH88kpvyrdYC&pg=PA90 |title=Marshall of Singapore: A Biography |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=2008 |isbn=978-981-230-878-8}}</ref> === Pemegai Jipun === [[File:Evacuation_of_British_POWs,_Kallang_Airport,_Singapore_-_19450908.jpg|kiri|thumb| Bala orang tangkap perang British mindah dalam taun 1945 berindik ari [[Penyerah diri Jipun|Jepun nyerah diri]] ba [[Padang Bilun Kallang]]. Menara kawal padang bilun ke bepalan semak mengeri nya udah dijaga.]] Maya [[Perang Pasifik]], [[Kimpin Malaya|serang Jipun ngagai Malaya]] ngujungka [[Pengelabuh Singapura|Perang Singapura]] nyadi. Lebuh soldadu British ke bisi 60,000 iku soldadu nyerah kena 15 Februari 1942, menteri besai British Winston Churchill ngumbai alah nya “penusah ke pemadu jai sereta selinda ke pemadu besai dalam sejarah British”.<ref>{{cite news|date=15 February 1942|title=On This Day&nbsp;– 15 February 1942: Singapore forced to surrender|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519174009/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/february/15/newsid_3529000/3529447.stm|archive-date=19 May 2019|access-date=1 May 2007|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> Pengerugi British enggau Empayar maya beperang ngulihka Singapura balat, enggau penyampau urung 85,000 iku raban ke ditangkap.{{Sfn|Wigmore|1957}} Urung 5,000 iku mati tauka bakal,<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Singapore|url=http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512181020/http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|archive-date=12 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|publisher=World History Group}}</ref> lalu ari penyampau nya [[orang Australia]] nyadi majoriti.{{Sfn|Legg|1965}}<ref>{{cite news|last=Ooi|first=Teresa|date=17 January 1995|title=1,000 Aussie victims of WWII join suit against Japan|newspaper=[[The Straits Times]]|location=Singapore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=12 September 1946|title=South West Pacific War: Australia's Fine Record|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191220093327/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19460912-1.2.47?ST=1&AT=search&k=battle%20of%20singapore,%20world%20war%20ii,%20australians&QT=battle,of,singapore,world,war,ii,australians&oref=article|archive-date=20 December 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penyampau bebadi nyawa Jipun maya perang di Singapura manggai 1,714 iku parai enggau 3,378 iku bakal.{{Sfn|Wigmore|1957}} Pengawa nguasa nya deka nyadika ubah besai dalam sejarah sekeda bansa, nyengkaum menua [[Jipun]], [[United Kingdom|Britain]], enggau Singapura. Surat berita Jipun enggau ati ti menang madahka pemenang nya nyadika penentu situasyen am perang nya.{{Sfn|Toland|1970}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Battle of Singapore|url=http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150512181020/http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-singapore|archive-date=12 May 2015|access-date=8 May 2015|publisher=World History Group}}</ref> Entara 5,000 ngagai 25,000 iku orang ari raban bansa China dibunuh dalam [[pemunuh bebala mayuh Sook Ching]] ke nyadi udah nya.<ref>{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore, Shonan: Light of the South|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629230435/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0027)|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=29 January 2011|website=[[Library of Congress Country Studies]]|publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office|Government Printing Office]]|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> Bala soldadu British udah [[Operasyen Mailfist|merambu deka ngelepaska Singapura]] dalam taun 1945/1946; taja pia, perang nya abis sebedau operasyen tu ulih dipejalaika.{{Sfn|Bose|2010}}<ref name="auto12">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> === Kandang maya pengudah perang === [[File:Map_of_Singapore_City_in_1951.png|kiri|thumb| Kar [[Nengeri Singapura (entiti besejarah)|Nengeri Singapura]] ba taun 1951]] Pengudah [[Serah diri Jipun|Jipun nyerah diri]] ngagai Serakup kena 15 Ogos 1945, Singapura labuh ngagai gaya ti kasar sereta charut enda lama; pengawa ngerumpak enggau munuh orang ketegal deka malas dendam kelebih agi ngagai bala kolaborator nya balat nyadi.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Keo|first1=Bernard Z|date=6 February 2025|title=Malaya Transformed: Upheaval in Post-War Malaya, 1945–1946|url=https://academic.oup.com/book/59235/chapter/499141301|journal=Imagining Malaya|pages=54–76|doi=10.1093/9780198917113.003.0003|url-access=subscription|access-date=14 January 2026}}</ref> Soldadu British, Australia, enggau India ti betuaika Lord [[Lord Mountbatten|Louis Mountbatten]] [[Operasyen Tiderace|pulai ke Singapura]] nerima surat nyerahka diri enggau rasmi soldadu Jipun ba pelilih menua nya ari Jeneral [[Seishirō Itagaki]] ngarika Jeneral [[Hisaichi Terauchi]] kena 12 September 1945.{{Sfn|Bose|2010}}<ref name="auto1">{{cite news|date=4 September 2005|title=The real Japanese surrender|url=http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20080119210334/http://staff.science.nus.edu.sg/~sivasothi/blog/pdf/jap_surrender-st04sep2005.pdf|archive-date=19 January 2008|access-date=22 October 2019|newspaper=The Sunday Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Berebak enggau nya, [[Tomoyuki Yamashita]] dipechara komisyen soldadu AS ketegal penyalah perang, tang ukai ketegal penyalah ke dikereja sedadu iya di Malaya tauka Singapura. Iya diukum lalu digantung di [[Komanwel Filipina|Filipina]] kena 23 Februari 1946.{{Sfn|Smith|2006}}<ref>{{cite news|date=23 February 1946|title=Yamashita Hanged|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191022150250/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/maltribune19460223-1.2.12|archive-date=22 October 2019|access-date=22 October 2019|work=Malaya Tribune|location=Singapore}}</ref> Mayuh infrastruktur di Singapura udah rusak maya perang nyengkaum ke diguna dikena mekal perengka guna. Penanggul suntuk pemakai ngujungka kurang pemakai, penyakit, sereta pengawa jai enggau ulah ti kasar majak nyadi. Seriris pengawa mogok ba taun 1947 ngujungka perengka pengangkut mensia mayuh enggau servis bukai ngetu enggau besai. Taja pia, ba ujung taun 1947 ekonomi berengkah manah baru, ti dipemuntang ketegal peminta entarabansa ti majak nambah ba timah enggau getah.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar2">{{cite web|title=Singapore – Aftermath of War|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514010408/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/9.htm|archive-date=14 May 2011|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Pemuntan Britain mujur ngetanka koloni iya ngelaban Jepun ngubah imej iya ba mata orang Singapura. [[Administrasyen Soldadu British (Malaya)|Administrasyen Soldadu British]] abis kena 1 April 1946, lalu Singapura nyadi koloni mahkota kediri ba hak iya empu, laban Negeri-negeri Selat dibuai enggau formal ba taun nya.<ref name="uslcAftermathOfWar">{{Cite web}}</ref> Kena bulan Julai 1947, Kunsil [[Kabinet Singapura|Eksekutif]] enggau [[Kunsil Legislatif Singapura|Legislatif]] (LegCo) ditumbuhka baru lalu pengawa milih enam iku kaban LegCo diperambu kena taun 1948. Semina siti parti politik, [[Parti Progresif (Singapura)|Parti Progresif]], bediri minta pilih ba pengawa bepilih besai ti balat disekat, ti terus nyadi dalam [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1951|taun 1951]].<ref name="micaSelfGovernment2">{{cite web|title=Towards Self-government|url=http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713023113/http://www.sg/explore/history_towards.htm|archive-date=13 July 2006|access-date=18 June 2006|publisher=Ministry of Information, Communications and the Arts, Singapore}}</ref> Sekumbang taun 1950-an, [[Parti Kominis Malaya|komunis China]], enggau kaul ti tegap enggau gerempung gawa sereta sekula China, ngaga perang gerila ngelaban perintah, ngujungka [[Darurat Malaya]] nyadi. [[Charut Servis Nasional 1954|Penyarut Servis Nasional taun 1954]], [[penyarut bas Hock Lee]] taun 1955, enggau [[penyarut sekula tengah China]] taun 1956 di Singapura semua nya bisi kaul enggau penusah tu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Communism|url=http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000409182924/http://library.thinkquest.org/12405/19.htm|archive-date=9 April 2000|access-date=29 January 2012|website=Thinkquest}}</ref> [[David Marshall (kaban politik Singapura)|David Marshall]], ketuai pro-merdeka ari [[Baris Buruh]], menang ba [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1955|pengawa bepilih besai Singapura dalam taun 1955]] ti ngembuan hak ngundi ti dikerembaika tang ukai hak ngundi semua orang.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Low|first=James|date=2004|title=Kept in Position: The Labour Front-Alliance Government of Chief Minister David Marshall in Singapore, April 1955 – June 1956|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556|url-status=live|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|volume=35|issue=1|pages=41–64|doi=10.1017/S0022463404000037|issn=0022-4634|jstor=20072556|s2cid=154326049|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210419081147/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20072556|archive-date=19 April 2021|access-date=20 February 2021}}</ref> Sekumbang iya nyadi kepala menteri, iya nguluka raban ngagai London ngambika ulih merintah diri enggau penuh, tang Britain udah nulak peminta iya. Udah nya iya badu mangku pengawa lalu diganti [[Lim Yew Hock]] dalam taun 1956, lalu pengudah berunding enggau silik agi, Britain setuju meri Singapura [[Pemerintah kediri Singapura|kuasa merintah diri]] dalaman penuh ungkup semua pekara kelimpah ari pengawa ngetan enggau pengawa luar kena 3 Jun 1959.<ref name="countrystudies10">{{cite web|title=Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|archive-date=4 July 2014|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref> Beberapa hari sebedau nya, ba [[Pengawa bepilih besai Singapura 1959|pengawa bepilih besai 30 Me]] ti bisi hak ngundi ungkup semua rayat, PAP menang enggau besai di baruh pegai [[Lee Kuan Yew]].<ref name="yewnyt2">{{cite news|date=2 December 1990|title=Headliners; Retiring, Semi|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318035148/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CE4DD123DF931A35751C1A966958260|archive-date=18 March 2009|access-date=27 December 2008|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Gabenor [[William Goode (pemesai kolonial)|William Goode]] nyadi tuai menua keterubah, ke mega dikelala enggau nama Yang di-Pertuan Negara.<ref name="Law2">{{cite web|title=The Singapore Legal System|url=http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110603225639/http://www.singaporelaw.sg/content/LegalSyst1.html|archive-date=3 June 2011|access-date=26 June 2011|publisher=Singapore Academy of Law}}</ref> === Dalam menua Malaysia === [[File:SingaporeRiver-bumboats-196009.jpg|thumb| Singapura ngerembai nyadi palan dagang. Dalam taun 1960-an, kapal bum dikena ngangkut kargo enggau bekal entara kapal semak tebing tasik enggau Sungai Singapura.]] [[File:Prime_Minister_Lee_Kuan_Yew_of_Singapore_Making_a_Toast_at_a_State_Dinner_Held_in_His_Honor,_1975.jpg|thumb| [[Lee Kuan Yew]], Menteri Besai Singapura keterubah ari taun 1959 ngagai 1990 .]] Bala ketuai PAP pechaya, pengidup Singapura jemah ila bepanggai ba Malaya, ketegal kaul ti tegap entara kededua piak nya. Dipelabaka begempung baru enggau Malaya deka meri penguntung ngagai ekonomi nengah chara nempa makit begulai, ngelempungka penusah nadai kereja ti majak nyadi di Singapura. Taja pia, seraban sayap kiba ti besai ari PAP balat mantah pengawa begempung nya, nangika pengaruh lenyau, lalu ketegal nya numbuhka [[Barisan Sosialis]], sepengudah dibuai ari PAP.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lee |first=T. H |title=The Open United Front: The Communist Struggle in Singapore, 1954–1966 |publisher=Singapore: South Seas Society |year=1996}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bloodworth |first=D |url=https://archive.org/details/tigertrojanhorse00bloo |title=The Tiger and the Trojan Horse |publisher=Singapore: Times Books International |year=1986 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Parti ke megai perintah Malaya, [[Gerempung Bansa Melayu Beserakup|Gerempung Bansa Melayu Bersatu]] (UMNO), endang bebendar ngelaban komunis, lalu disangka UMNO deka nyukung raban PAP ke ukai komunis. UMNO, keterubah iya skeptis enggau penemu begempung ketegal enda arapka perintah PAP sereta irau ati ke pemayuh etnik China di Singapura deka ngubah timbang bansa di Malaya ke alai palan kuasa politik sida bepanggai, nyadi nyukung penemu begempung ketegal begulai nangika pengawa ngambi alih komunis.<ref name="Wipe out extremists">{{cite news|date=18 February 1959|title=MCA: Wipe out extremists|newspaper=Singapore Standard}}</ref> Kena 27 Me 1961, menteri besai Malaya, [[Tunku Abdul Rahman]], ngaga perambu ngenyit ke Persekutuan baru ke dikumbai [[Malaysia]], ke deka nyerakupka reta tengkira British ke diatu enggau ke suba ba pelilih menua nya: [[Federasyen Malaya]], Singapura, [[Brunei]], [[Koloni Mahkota Borneo Utara|Borneo Utara]], enggau [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak|Sarawak]].<ref name="Big Unity Plan2">{{cite news|date=28 May 1961|title=Big 'Unity' Plan – Tengku on closer ties with S'pore, Borneo and Brunei|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1961-05-28/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061422/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1961-05-28/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]|page=1}}</ref> Bala ketuai UMNO pechaya penambah penyampau tubuh Melayu ba kandang menua Borneo deka ngimbangka penyampau tubuh bansa China Singapura. Perintah British ba piak iya, pechaya pengawa begempung nya deka nagang Singapura nyadi palan endur kominisme.<ref>{{cite news|date=28 March 1962|title=Appeal To Singapore|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620328-1.2.70.1?ST=1&AT=advanced|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214737/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19620328-1.2.70.1?ST=1&AT=advanced|archive-date=19 March 2018|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|page=10}}</ref> Dikena ngulihka mandat ungkup pengawa begempung, PAP ngatur [[Referendum Begempung Singapura 1962|referendum pasal pengawa begempung nya]]. Referendum tu nyengkaum pilih syarat ti bebida ungkup pengawa begempung enggau Malaysia lalu nadai pilih dikena nyeliahka pengawa begempung enggau naka ulih.<ref>{{cite news|date=2 September 1962|title=Yes – What a win for Premier Lee|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-02/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061847/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-02/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=3 September 1962|title=Merger "Yes"|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-03/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309061616/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1962-09-03/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=The Straits Times|publisher=Singapore Press Holdings|page=1}}</ref> Kena 16 September 1963, Singapura begulai enggau Malaya, Borneo Utara, enggau Sarawak numbuhka Persekutuan Malaysia baru nitihka terma [[Sempekat Malaysia]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Abisheganaden|first1=Felix|date=16 September 1963|title=Hail Malaysia!|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1963-09-16/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309062748/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1963-09-16/full.jpg|archive-date=9 March 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|work=[[The Straits Times]]|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]|page=1}}</ref> Nengah Sempekat tu, Singapura ngembuan tikas autonomi ke chukup tinggi enti dibanding enggau negeri bukai di Malaysia.<ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore becomes part of Malaysia|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/1dab53ea-788c-461c-acfb-ca625b974c9c|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207040425/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/1dab53ea-788c-461c-acfb-ca625b974c9c|archive-date=7 February 2017|access-date=6 February 2017|publisher=HistorySG}}</ref> [[Indonesia]] mantah penumbuh Malaysia ketegal tuntut iya empu ba Borneo lalu ngelancharka [[Konfrontasyen Indonesia–Malaysia|''Konfrontasi'']] dikena nimbal penumbuh Malaysia.<ref>{{Cite book |last=James |first=Harold |title=The Undeclared War: The Story of the Indonesian Confrontation 1962–1966 |last2=Sheil-Small |first2=Denis |publisher=Rowman and Littlefield |year=1971 |isbn=978-0-87471-074-8 |location=Totowa}}{{Cite book |last=Mackie |first=J.A.C. |title=Konfrontasi: The Indonesia-Malaysia Dispute 1963–1966 |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1974 |isbn=978-0-19-638247-0 |location=Kuala Lumpur}}</ref> Kena 10 Mach 1965, [[Pengembom Rumah MacDonald|bom ke ditanam bala penyual Indonesia]] ba ringkat mezzanine [[rumah MacDonald]] meletup lalu munuh tiga iku orang lalu 33 iku agi bakal. Tu ke pemadu mayuh nabanka nyawa ari pemadu mimit 42 kes bom ke nyadi maya ''Konfrontasi'' . Dua iku kaban [[Kor Marin Indonesia]], [[Osman bin Haji Mohamed Ali]] enggau [[Harun bin Said]], pengujung iya diukum lalu dibunuh ketegal penyalah nya.<ref>{{cite news|date=6 April 1965|title=Mac Donald House blast: Two for trial|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19650406-1.2.99|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819064442/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19650406-1.2.99|archive-date=19 August 2017|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penusah meletup nya ngujungka US$250,000 dalam pengerusak ngagai Rumah MacDonald,<ref>{{cite web|author=Tan Lay Yuan|title=MacDonald House bomb explosion|url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_62_2004-12-17.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111215082844/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_62_2004-12-17.html|archive-date=15 December 2011|website=Singapore Infopedia|publisher=National Library Board}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=9 October 1965|title=Mac Donald House suffered $250,000 bomb damage|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651009-1.2.46|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170819065124/http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651009-1.2.46|archive-date=19 August 2017|access-date=19 August 2017|newspaper=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Indah udah begempung, [[Kaul PAP–UMNO|perintah Singapura enggau perintah pusat Malaysia enda sepenemu]] ba mayuh pekara politik enggau ekonomi.<ref name="Road to Independence">{{cite news|year=1998|title=Road to Independence|url=http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013002423/http://ourstory.asia1.com.sg/merger/merger.html|archive-date=13 October 2013|publisher=[[AsiaOne]]}}</ref> Taja pan bisi sempekat numbuhka makit begulai, Singapura majak napi tagang lebuh bedagang enggau serata menua Malaysia. Dikena malas, Singapura enda ngerembaika ngagai [[Sabah]] enggau [[Sarawak]] takah penuh duit injau ti disetuju ke pemansang ekonomi dua buah nengeri timur nya. Enda lama udah nya, randau nyau putus, lalu jaku enggau tulis ti kasar nyadi mayuh ba kededua piak. Tu ngujungka penyarut komunal nyadi di Singapura, lalu ngujungka [[Penyarut bansa Singapura 1964|penyarut bansa nyadi ba taun 1964]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lau |first=A |title=A moment of anguish: Singapore in Malaysia and the politics of disengagement |publisher=Times Academic Press |year=2000 |location=Singapore}}</ref> Kena 7 Ogos 1965, pengudah siri berunding enggau resia entara ketuai Malaysia enggau Singapura, [[Sempekat Meredeka Singapura 1965|sempekat beserara]] disain, muka jalai ngagai merdeka ngenyit tang diperambu ungkup Singapura.<ref>{{Cite news|date=19 September 1998|title=which split the nation|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19980919-1.2.63.4|access-date=5 December 2025|work=The Straits Times|pages=51}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Fong|first=Leslie|date=9 August 1990|others=Illustrations by Jose Tence Ruiz|title=The Week Before Separation|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19900809-1.2.109.3|access-date=5 December 2025|work=The Straits Times|pages=5–15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Tin Seng|first=Lim|date=August 2019|title=Singapore's separation from Malaysia|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=9641f35d-3ae5-41d8-9fa6-7ca8b845ea53|access-date=5 December 2025|website=National Library Board Singapore}}</ref>Kena 9 Ogos 1965, Parlimen Malaysia ngundi 126 ngagai 0 ngemendarka rang undang-undang ubah konstitusyen, lalu enggau nya nyerara Singapura ari Malaysia, ti ngasuh Singapura nyadi sebengkah menua ke baru meredeka.<ref name="countrystudies102">{{cite web|title=Country studies: Singapore: Road to Independence|url=http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704220519/http://countrystudies.us/singapore/10.htm|archive-date=4 July 2014|access-date=16 May 2020|publisher=U.S. Library of Congress}}</ref><ref name="LOC22">{{cite web|last=Leitch Lepoer|first=Barbara|year=1989|title=Singapore as Part of Malaysia|url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0033)|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629223526/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+sg0033)|archive-date=29 June 2017|access-date=29 January 2011|website=Library of Congress Country Studies|publisher=Government Printing Office|location=Washington, DC}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=A Summary of Malaysia-Singapore History|url=http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article7878|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120529081759/http://www.europe-solidaire.org/spip.php?article7878|archive-date=29 May 2012|access-date=29 January 2012|website=europe-solidaire}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Singapore separates from Malaysia and becomes independent – Singapore History|url=http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013#27|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111210312/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/history/events/dc1efe7a-8159-40b2-9244-cdb078755013#27|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=12 May 2017|publisher=National Library Board|quote=Negotiations were, however, done in complete secrecy... (Tunku moved) a bill to amend the constitution that would provide for Singapore's departure from the Federation. Razak was also waiting for the fully signed separation agreement from Singapore to allay possible suggestions that Singapore was expelled from Malaysia.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Episode 0: Trailer|url=https://thehistoryofsingapore.com/2015/07/31/episode-0-trailer/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920150336/https://thehistoryofsingapore.com/2015/07/31/episode-0-trailer/|archive-date=20 September 2021|access-date=14 August 2022}}</ref><ref name="Lim20152">{{Cite news|last1=Lim|first1=Edmund|date=22 December 2015|title=Secret documents reveal extent of negotiations for Separation|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/secret-documents-reveal-extent-of-negotiations-for-separation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210920150329/https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/secret-documents-reveal-extent-of-negotiations-for-separation|archive-date=20 September 2021|access-date=15 August 2022|newspaper=The Straits Times}}</ref> === Republik Singapura === [[File:153_Singapore,_Jan_1978_(52023517826).jpg|kiri|thumb| Betemu enggau Kandang Menua Tengah Singapura dalam taun 1978 .]] [[File:Marina_Bay_Sands_20250903_(1).jpg|kiri|thumb| [[Marina Bay Sands]], siti ari dua palan ngelantangka ati ti begempung di Singapura.]] Pengudah iya dibuai ari Malaysia, Singapura merdeka nyadi "Republik Singapura" kena 9 Ogos 1965,<ref name="ST 10 Aug Front page">{{cite news|last1=Abisheganaden|first1=Felix|date=10 August 1965|title=Singapore is out|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221051204/https://www.straitstimes.com/multimedia/graphics/assets/images/ST175/NewspaperSG/1965-08-10/full.jpg|archive-date=21 February 2022|access-date=21 February 2022|work=[[The Straits Times]]|publisher=[[Singapore Press Holdings]]}}</ref> enggau [[Lee Kuan Yew]] enggau [[Yusof Ishak|Yusof bin Ishak]] nyadi menteri besai enggau presiden keterubah.<ref>{{cite web|author=Vernon Cornelius|title=Past and present leaders of Singapore|url=https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3520aab7-25a2-452d-bdd3-2e75b1989866|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260127080909/https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=3520aab7-25a2-452d-bdd3-2e75b1989866|archive-date=27 January 2026|access-date=27 January 2026|publisher=National Library Board}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=1 February 1960|title=Yusof to be the first President|url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200807064731/https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/straitstimes19651215-1.2.60|archive-date=7 August 2020|access-date=28 May 2020|website=The Straits Times|location=Singapore|via=National Libraries Board}}</ref> Dalam taun 1967, menua tu sama numbuhka [[Gerempung Menua Asia Tenggara|Gerempung Bansa-Bansa Asia Tenggara]] (ASEAN). <ref>{{Cite wikisource|Bangkok Declaration}}</ref> Penyarut bansa [[Penyarut bansa Singapura 1969|nyadi baru]] dalam taun 1969 nyadika empas ari [[Penyadi 13 Me|penusah 13 Me]] di Malaysia. Ba awak tu, penyarut nya tegap agi ditan.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sandhu |first=Kernial Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ldKwPQ2PyBAC&pg=PA107 |title=Management of Success: The Moulding of Modern Singapore |last2=Wheatley |first2=Paul |publisher=Institute of Southeast Asian Studies |year=1989 |isbn=978-981-3035-42-3 |page=107}}</ref> Pemerat Lee ba penumbuh ekonomi ti jampat, integrasyen bansa, ngelakuka pengawa dagang enggau nagang pengelepas demokratik nengah chara merintah enggau kuasa undang-undang ti luas nempa polisi Singapura ungkup setengah kurun ti deka datai.<ref>Terry McCarthy, "Lee Kuan Yew."</ref><ref name="lky-7prin2">{{cite news|date=25 March 2015|title=Lee Kuan Yew: Our chief diplomat to the world|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151026020834/http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/remembering-lee-kuan-yew-our-chief-diplomat-to-the-world|archive-date=26 October 2015|access-date=8 November 2015|work=The Straits Times|location=Singapore}}</ref> Penumbuh ekonomi majak nyadi sepemanjai taun 1980-an, enggau tikas penganggul gawa nurun ngagai 3% lalu penumbuh GDP ke bendar purata urung 8% nyentuk ngagai taun 1999. Dalam kandang taun 1980-an, Singapura berengkah ngalih ngagai industri beteknologi tinggi, baka sektor fabrikasyen wafer, ngambika ulih mengkang kompetitif lebuh menua sepiak berengkah ngaga enggau pengereja pengawa ti murah agi. [[Penerebai Bilun Singapura]] ditumbuhka dalam taun 1972 lalu [[Padang Bilun Changi]] dibuka dalam taun 1981, nganti padang bilun entarabansa di [[Pengakalan Langit Paya Lebar|Paya Lebar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=History of Changi Airport|url=http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060629014047/http://www.changiairport.com.sg/changi/en/about_us/history_changi.html|archive-date=29 June 2006|publisher=Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore}}</ref> Perintah Lee beambi ulih ari penuduk geografi Singapura ti manah dikena ngemansangka [[Palan Penyangkai Singapura]] nyadi sebengkah ari palan penyangkai kapal ti pemadu kiruh di dunya, seraya industri servis enggau dagang temuai mega ngerembai enggau signifikan dalam timpuh tu.<ref>{{cite web|title=Lunch Dialogue on 'Singapore as a Transport Hub'|url=https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117104954/https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/news-events/events/details/lunch-dialogue-on-singapore-as-a-transport-hub|archive-date=17 November 2018|access-date=17 November 2018|website=Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Lam|first1=Yin Yin|date=26 January 2017|title=Three factors that have made Singapore a global logistics hub|url=http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117105041/http://blogs.worldbank.org/transport/three-factors-have-made-singapore-global-logistics-hub|archive-date=17 November 2018|access-date=17 November 2018|website=The World Bank Blogs}}</ref> ==Nota== {{notelist}} == Kereban sanding == {{reflist}} [[Kategori:Menua ba Asia]] 087pn17jai6ufhsgrh3cr0i6xfuxm79 Tiong King Sing 0 6993 19978 2026-10-13T06:17:34Z Song GK 9 Digaga enggau chara nyalin lambar " [[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378400082|Tiong King Sing]] " 19978 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[Malay titles#Honorary styles|Yang Berhormat]] [[Malay titles#State titles|Dato Sri]] | name = Tiong King Sing | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=MYS|size=100%|PJN|SSAP|SSSA|DGSM|PNBS|DPMK (Kelantan)|DSSA|JP|MP}} | native_name = {{nobold|张庆信}} | native_name_lang = zh-my | image = Tiong King Sing 2023.jpg | caption = Tiong ba taun 2023 | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=y|1961|09|03}} | birth_place = [[Sibu]], [[Koloni Mahkota Sarawak]] | citizenship = Malaysia | office1 = [[Menteri Dagang Temuai, Seni enggau Main Asal (Malaysia)|Menteri Dagang Temuai, Seni enggau Main Asal]] | monarch1 = {{Plainlist| * [[Abdullah of Pahang|Abdullah]] (2022–2024) * [[Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor|Ibrahim Iskandar]] (since 2024) }} | primeminister1 = [[Anwar Ibrahim]] | predecessor1 = [[Nancy Shukri]] | successor1 = | deputy1 = [[Khairul Firdaus Akbar Khan]] (2022-2025) <br> [[Chiew Choon Man]] (since 2025) | termstart1 = 3 Disember 2022 | termend1 = | constituency1 = [[Bintulu (sitak federal)|Bintulu]] | office2 = [[Special Envoy of the Prime Minister of Malaysia|Special Envoy of the Prime Minister]] to [[China]] | termstart2 = 20 April 2020 | termend2 = 24 Nobember 2022 | monarch2 = Abdullah | primeminister2 = {{Plainlist| * [[Muhyiddin Yassin]] (2020–2021) * [[Ismail Sabri Yaakob]] (2021–2022) }} | predecessor2 = [[Tan Kok Wai]] | successor2 = | party = {{Plainlist| * [[Sarawak National Party|SNAP]] (until 2002) * [[Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party|SPDP]] (2002–2017) * [[Progressive Democratic Party (Malaysia)|PDP]] (since 2017) }} | otherparty = {{Plainlist| * [[Barisan Nasional|BN]] (until 2018) * [[Gempung Parti Sarawak]] (since 2018) }} | occupation = {{Hlist|Businessman|politician}} | spouse = Hew Mui Lan | children = | website = {{URL|p216bintulu.com/}} | education = [[National Pingtung University of Science and Technology]] }} '''Tiong King Sing''' (ada 3 September 1961) nya siku orang politik enggau orang dagang Malaysia ke udah mangku pengawa nyadi [[Menteri Dagang Temuai, Seni enggau Main Asal (Malaysia)|Menteri Dagang Temuai, Seni enggau Main Asal]] kenyau ari taun 2022. Presiden [[Parti Demokratik Progresif (Malaysia)|Parti Demokratik Progresif]] (PDP) kenyau ari taun 2017, iya ngarika [[Bintulu (sitak federal)|Bintulu]] ba [[Parlimen Malaysia]] kenyau ari taun 1999, lalu ngarika [[Dudong]] ba [[Aum Kunsil Negeri Sarawak]] kenyau ari taun 2021. Iya nyadi [[Pengari Spesyel Menteri Besai Malaysia|Pengari Spesyel Menteri Besai]] [[Muhyiddin Yassin]], [[Ismail Sabri Yaakob]] enggau Anwar ke [[China]] kenyau ari bulan April 2020. Iya kala nyadi Pengari Khas Menteri Besai [[Najib Razak]] enggau [[Mahathir Mohamad]] ngagai [[Asia Timur]] ari taun 2014 ngagai 2018.<ref>{{cite news|title=Tiong appointed special envoy to Far East|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/community/2014/01/05/tiong-appointed-special-envoy-to-far-east/|date=5 January 2014|newspaper=[[The Malay Mail]]|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Report: Putrajaya axing special envoys, advisers|url=https://www.malaymail.com/s/1647827/report-putrajaya-axing-special-envoys-advisers|author=Justin Ong|date=7 July 2018|newspaper=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|access-date=1 September 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2020/04/20/pmo-tiong-king-sing-appointed-as-pms-minister-level-special-envoy-to-china/1858596|title=PMO: Tiong King Sing appointed as PM's minister-level special envoy to China|date=20 April 2020|access-date=14 May 2020|publisher=[[Malay Mail]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2020/04/20/pdp-chief-tiong-is-now-pm039s-special-envoy-to-china|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)]]|title=PDP chief Tiong is now PM's special envoy to China|first=Zakiah|date=20 April 2020|last=Koya|access-date=14 May 2020}}</ref> Iya udah mangku pengawa nyadi Presiden PDP kenyau ari bulan November 2017. Setipak enggau pengawa ngerembai ngagai [[Semenanjung Malaysia|Malaysia Barat]] dalam bulan November 2017, parti nya diberi nama baru enggau logo baru ari [[Parti Demokratik Progresif (Malaysia)|Parti Demokratik Progresif Sarawak]] (SPDP), parti komponen gempung BN ke suba. Iya mangku pengawa nyadi Chairman ke-3 Kelab Backbenchers BN ari bulan April 2008 nyentuk Jun 2013. Iya mega kala mangku pengawa nyadi Presiden SPDP ari bulan Me 2014 ngagai November 2017 enggau Sapit Presiden SPDP ari bulan Mach 2012 nyentukka iya niki pangkat nyadi presiden SPDP dalam bulan Me 2014 lalu sebedau tu nyadi Tukang Wang Besai SPDP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theborneopost.com/2017/11/14/pdp-plans-to-expand-to-selangor-negri-sembilan-klang-valley/|title=PDP plans to expand to Selangor, Negri Sembilan, Klang Valley|work=Borneo Post|date=14 November 2017|access-date=15 November 2017}}</ref> Berindik ari perintah [[Barisan Nasional|BN]] runtuh pengudah [[Pengawa bepilih besai Malaysia 2018|pengawa bepilih besai 2018]] lalu pengudah nya, aum entara semua parti komponen BN bepalan ba [[Sarawak]] diatur kena 12 Jun 2018, PDP mutuska deka pansut ari gempung enggau tiga parti ke bukai ngambika numbuhka gempung politik baru bepalan ba Sarawak dalam aum nya, iya nya GPS. Iya mega siku ari semina dua iku pengari rayat PDP begulai enggau Kaban Parlimen [[Baram (sitak federal)|Baram]] [[Anyi Ngau]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2018/06/12/sarawak-bn-parties-pull-out-of-coalition/|title=Sarawak BN parties pull out of coalition to form independent state-based pact|author1=Sharon Ling|author2=Geryl Ogilvy|work=[[The Star (Malaysia)|The Star]]|date=12 June 2018|access-date=12 June 2018}}</ref> == Kereban sanding ==   [[Kategori:Orang Roman Katolik Malaysia]] [[Kategori:Pengada 1961]] [[Kategori:Orang idup]] 5cdzybpagv5aj473cwni8b29tytwl0s