Wikipedia iewiki https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.17 first-letter Media Special Discussion Usator Usator Discussion Wikipedia Wikipedia Discussion File File Discussion MediaWiki MediaWiki Discussion Avise Avise Discussion Auxilie Auxilie Discussion Categorie Categorie Discussion TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2590 168983 161137 2026-08-26T20:08:11Z Dorlota 13847 168983 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lande |nómine=Armenia |image_flagga=Flag of Armenia.svg |image_blason=Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |cité_capital=[[Yerevan]] |chef de state=Armen Sargsyan |presidente= |lingues=[[Armenian]] |area= 29 743 |population= 3 001 643 |valuta=Dram |valuta_code=AMD |image_situation=Armenia (orthographic projection).svg }} '''Armenia''' es un land situat in [[Europa]]. It es situat in li montania de [[Caucás]]. It have 2.972.900 (2019) habitantes e un area de 29.800 quadrat-kilometres. Li cité capital de Armenia es [[Yerevan]]. ==Historie== * 1915-1916 [[Armenian Genocide]] de [[Turcia]]. Li nationalist guvernament de [[Turcia]] mortat ínter 300.000 e 1,5 milliones armenianes. * 1918-1920 Armenia esset quam [[Democratic Republica Armenia]] un state índependent. * 1922 Armenia devenit parte del [[Soviet-Union]] quam parte del [[Transcaucasion Socialist Federativ Soviet Republica]], quel consistet de [[Armenia]], [[Azerbaidjan]] e [[Georgia]]. * 1936 Armenia devenit [[Armenian Socialst Soviet Republica]] un propri soviet republica intra li [[Soviet-Union]]. * 1990 Unesim líber electiones in li [[Armenian Socialist Republica]]. [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] devenit quam presidente del parlament chef del state de [[Armenia]]. * 1991 Ye li 21-im de septembre 1991 Armenia declarat su índependentie del [[Soviet-Union]] e devenit denov un state índependent. ==Politica== Armenia es un state índependent desde [[1991]]. Antey it esset un part del [[Soviet-Union]]. Armenia es membre in li militari alliantie [[Organisation del tractate pri colectiv securitá]]. * Presidente: [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] desde 2022 * Prim-Ministre: [[Nikol Pashinyan]] (2019) == Vide anc == *[[Liste de cités in Armenia secun population]] {{Asia}} {{Europa}} [[Categorie:Armenia]] [[Categorie:Asia]] [[Categorie:Europa]] sanruvujhs7e03ghstqomm5c732hx3p 168984 168983 2026-08-26T20:08:40Z Dorlota 13847 168984 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lande |nómine=Armenia |image_flagga=Flag of Armenia.svg |image_blason=Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |cité_capital=[[Yerevan]] |chef de state=Armen Sargsyan |presidente= |lingues=[[Armenian]] |area= 29 743 |population= 3 001 643 |valuta=Dram |valuta_code=AMD |image_situation=Armenia (orthographic projection).svg }} '''Armenia''' es un land situat in [[Europa]]. It es situat in li montania de [[Caucás]]. It have 2.972.900 (2019) habitantes e un area de 29.800 quadrat-kilometres. Li cité capital de Armenia es [[Yerevan]]. ==Historie== * 1915-1916 [[Armenian Genocide]] de [[Turcia]]. Li nationalist guvernament de [[Turcia]] mortat ínter 300.000 e 1,5 milliones armenianes. * 1918-1920 Armenia esset quam [[Democratic Republica Armenia]] un state índependent. * 1922 Armenia devenit parte del [[Soviet-Union]] quam parte del [[Transcaucasion Socialist Federativ Soviet Republica]], quel consistet de Armenia, [[Azerbaidjan]] e [[Georgia]]. * 1936 Armenia devenit [[Armenian Socialst Soviet Republica]] un propri soviet republica intra li [[Soviet-Union]]. * 1990 Unesim líber electiones in li [[Armenian Socialist Republica]]. [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] devenit quam presidente del parlament chef del state de Armenia. * 1991 Ye li 21-im de septembre 1991 Armenia declarat su índependentie del [[Soviet-Union]] e devenit denov un state índependent. ==Politica== Armenia es un state índependent desde [[1991]]. Antey it esset un part del [[Soviet-Union]]. Armenia es membre in li militari alliantie [[Organisation del tractate pri colectiv securitá]]. * Presidente: [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] desde 2022 * Prim-Ministre: [[Nikol Pashinyan]] (2019) == Vide anc == *[[Liste de cités in Armenia secun population]] {{Asia}} {{Europa}} [[Categorie:Armenia]] [[Categorie:Asia]] [[Categorie:Europa]] pm2xqq18ekrh0zl3xri4ivjopp3yl0m 168985 168984 2026-08-26T20:23:03Z Dorlota 13847 /* Historie */ 168985 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lande |nómine=Armenia |image_flagga=Flag of Armenia.svg |image_blason=Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |cité_capital=[[Yerevan]] |chef de state=Armen Sargsyan |presidente= |lingues=[[Armenian]] |area= 29 743 |population= 3 001 643 |valuta=Dram |valuta_code=AMD |image_situation=Armenia (orthographic projection).svg }} '''Armenia''' es un land situat in [[Europa]]. It es situat in li montania de [[Caucás]]. It have 2.972.900 (2019) habitantes e un area de 29.800 quadrat-kilometres. Li cité capital de Armenia es [[Yerevan]]. ==Historie== * 600-350 ante Cristo: Reyatu de Armenia o Grand Armenia esset un índependent reyatu. * 301 Armenua devenit li unesim [[Cristianisme|cristan]] state del munde con li [[Armenian Apostolic Eclesie]]. * 16-im secul: Li [[Otoman Imperie]] e [[Persia]] dividet Armenia ínter se. * 1915-1916 [[Armenian Genocide]] de [[Turcia]]. Li nationalist guvernament de [[Turcia]] mortat ínter 300.000 e 1,5 milliones armenianes. * 1918-1920 Armenia esset quam [[Democratic Republica Armenia]] un state índependent. * 1922 Armenia devenit parte del [[Soviet-Union]] quam parte del [[Transcaucasion Socialist Federativ Soviet Republica]], quel consistet de Armenia, [[Azerbaidjan]] e [[Georgia]]. * 1936 Armenia devenit [[Armenian Socialst Soviet Republica]] un propri soviet republica intra li [[Soviet-Union]]. * 1990 Unesim líber electiones in li [[Armenian Socialist Republica]]. [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] devenit quam presidente del parlament chef del state de Armenia. * 1991 Ye li 21-im de septembre 1991 Armenia declarat su índependentie del [[Soviet-Union]] e devenit denov un state índependent. ==Politica== Armenia es un state índependent desde [[1991]]. Antey it esset un part del [[Soviet-Union]]. Armenia es membre in li militari alliantie [[Organisation del tractate pri colectiv securitá]]. * Presidente: [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] desde 2022 * Prim-Ministre: [[Nikol Pashinyan]] (2019) == Vide anc == *[[Liste de cités in Armenia secun population]] {{Asia}} {{Europa}} [[Categorie:Armenia]] [[Categorie:Asia]] [[Categorie:Europa]] dj695vj2qv25uug9w4tilqo3gqlr46r 168986 168985 2026-08-26T20:31:40Z Dorlota 13847 /* Politica */ 168986 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lande |nómine=Armenia |image_flagga=Flag of Armenia.svg |image_blason=Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |cité_capital=[[Yerevan]] |chef de state=Armen Sargsyan |presidente= |lingues=[[Armenian]] |area= 29 743 |population= 3 001 643 |valuta=Dram |valuta_code=AMD |image_situation=Armenia (orthographic projection).svg }} '''Armenia''' es un land situat in [[Europa]]. It es situat in li montania de [[Caucás]]. It have 2.972.900 (2019) habitantes e un area de 29.800 quadrat-kilometres. Li cité capital de Armenia es [[Yerevan]]. ==Historie== * 600-350 ante Cristo: Reyatu de Armenia o Grand Armenia esset un índependent reyatu. * 301 Armenua devenit li unesim [[Cristianisme|cristan]] state del munde con li [[Armenian Apostolic Eclesie]]. * 16-im secul: Li [[Otoman Imperie]] e [[Persia]] dividet Armenia ínter se. * 1915-1916 [[Armenian Genocide]] de [[Turcia]]. Li nationalist guvernament de [[Turcia]] mortat ínter 300.000 e 1,5 milliones armenianes. * 1918-1920 Armenia esset quam [[Democratic Republica Armenia]] un state índependent. * 1922 Armenia devenit parte del [[Soviet-Union]] quam parte del [[Transcaucasion Socialist Federativ Soviet Republica]], quel consistet de Armenia, [[Azerbaidjan]] e [[Georgia]]. * 1936 Armenia devenit [[Armenian Socialst Soviet Republica]] un propri soviet republica intra li [[Soviet-Union]]. * 1990 Unesim líber electiones in li [[Armenian Socialist Republica]]. [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] devenit quam presidente del parlament chef del state de Armenia. * 1991 Ye li 21-im de septembre 1991 Armenia declarat su índependentie del [[Soviet-Union]] e devenit denov un state índependent. ==Politica== Armenia es un state índependent desde [[1991]]. Antey it esset un part del [[Soviet-Union]]. Armenia es membre in li militari alliantie [[Organisation del tractate pri colectiv securitá]]. Li political sistema esset til li annu 2015 un sistema presidential con un dominant position del directmen electet presidente. Per un plebiscite in li annu 2015 Armenia devenit un political sistema parlamentari con un dominant position del parlament e del prim-ministre. Li parlament porta li nónime Assemble National e have solmen un chambre. Li Assemble National es electet chascun quar annus e have 105 membres. * Presidente: [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] desde 2022 * Prim-Ministre: [[Nikol Pashinyan]] (2019) == Vide anc == *[[Liste de cités in Armenia secun population]] {{Asia}} {{Europa}} [[Categorie:Armenia]] [[Categorie:Asia]] [[Categorie:Europa]] lcxh1sy25wcbitq8zgkq21wv0xhwg0n 168994 168986 2026-08-26T21:20:29Z Dorlota 13847 168994 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lande |nómine=Armenia |image_flagga=Flag of Armenia.svg |image_blason=Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |cité_capital=[[Yerevan]] |chef de state=Armen Sargsyan |presidente= |lingues=[[Armenian]] |area= 29 743 |population= 3 001 643 |valuta=Dram |valuta_code=AMD |image_situation=Armenia (orthographic projection).svg }} '''Armenia''' es un land situat in [[Europa]]. It es situat in li montania de [[Caucás]]. It have 2.972.900 (2019) habitantes e un area de 29.800 quadrat-kilometres. Li cité capital de Armenia es [[Yerevan]]. ==Historie== * 600-350 ante Cristo: Reyatu de Armenia o Grand Armenia esset un índependent reyatu. * 301 Armenua devenit li unesim [[Cristianisme|cristan]] state del munde con li [[Armenian Apostolic Eclesie]]. * 16-im secul: Li [[Otoman Imperie]] e [[Persia]] dividet Armenia ínter se. * 1915-1916 [[Armenian Genocide]] de [[Turcia]]. Li nationalist guvernament de [[Turcia]] mortat ínter 300.000 e 1,5 milliones armenianes. * 1918-1920 Armenia esset quam [[Democratic Republica Armenia]] un state índependent. * 1922 Armenia devenit parte del [[Soviet-Union]] quam parte del [[Transcaucasion Socialist Federativ Soviet Republica]], quel consistet de Armenia, [[Azerbaidjan]] e [[Georgia]]. * 1936 Armenia devenit [[Armenian Socialst Soviet Republica]] un propri soviet republica intra li [[Soviet-Union]]. * 1990 Unesim líber electiones in li [[Armenian Socialist Republica]]. [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] devenit quam presidente del parlament chef del state de Armenia. * 1991 Ye li 21-im de septembre 1991 Armenia declarat su índependentie del [[Soviet-Union]] e devenit denov un state índependent. ==Politica== Armenia es un state índependent desde [[1991]]. Antey it esset un part del [[Soviet-Union]]. Armenia es membre in li militari alliantie [[Organisation del tractate pri colectiv securitá]]. Li political sistema esset til li annu 2015 un sistema presidential con un dominant position del directmen electet presidente. Per un plebiscite in li annu 2015 Armenia devenit un political sistema parlamentari con un dominant position del parlament e del prim-ministre. Li parlament porta li nónime Assemble National e have solmen un chambre. Li Assemble National es electet chascun quar annus e have 105 membres. * Presidente: [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] desde 2022 * Prim-Ministre: [[Nikol Pashinyan]] (2019) ==Economie== Desde li annu 1993 Armenia have con li [Dram]] (AMD) un propri valuta. Por li economie li transferte de pecunie de armenianes, qui labora in [[Russia]] have un grand importantie. Anc li agricultura lude un grand rol in li economie del land. Ci li production de vino e == Vide anc == *[[Liste de cités in Armenia secun population]] {{Asia}} {{Europa}} [[Categorie:Armenia]] [[Categorie:Asia]] [[Categorie:Europa]] ix967mpbp4zde09qfc9qc07q11mogoy 168995 168994 2026-08-26T21:23:53Z Dorlota 13847 /* Economie */ 168995 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lande |nómine=Armenia |image_flagga=Flag of Armenia.svg |image_blason=Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |cité_capital=[[Yerevan]] |chef de state=Armen Sargsyan |presidente= |lingues=[[Armenian]] |area= 29 743 |population= 3 001 643 |valuta=Dram |valuta_code=AMD |image_situation=Armenia (orthographic projection).svg }} '''Armenia''' es un land situat in [[Europa]]. It es situat in li montania de [[Caucás]]. It have 2.972.900 (2019) habitantes e un area de 29.800 quadrat-kilometres. Li cité capital de Armenia es [[Yerevan]]. ==Historie== * 600-350 ante Cristo: Reyatu de Armenia o Grand Armenia esset un índependent reyatu. * 301 Armenua devenit li unesim [[Cristianisme|cristan]] state del munde con li [[Armenian Apostolic Eclesie]]. * 16-im secul: Li [[Otoman Imperie]] e [[Persia]] dividet Armenia ínter se. * 1915-1916 [[Armenian Genocide]] de [[Turcia]]. Li nationalist guvernament de [[Turcia]] mortat ínter 300.000 e 1,5 milliones armenianes. * 1918-1920 Armenia esset quam [[Democratic Republica Armenia]] un state índependent. * 1922 Armenia devenit parte del [[Soviet-Union]] quam parte del [[Transcaucasion Socialist Federativ Soviet Republica]], quel consistet de Armenia, [[Azerbaidjan]] e [[Georgia]]. * 1936 Armenia devenit [[Armenian Socialst Soviet Republica]] un propri soviet republica intra li [[Soviet-Union]]. * 1990 Unesim líber electiones in li [[Armenian Socialist Republica]]. [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] devenit quam presidente del parlament chef del state de Armenia. * 1991 Ye li 21-im de septembre 1991 Armenia declarat su índependentie del [[Soviet-Union]] e devenit denov un state índependent. ==Politica== Armenia es un state índependent desde [[1991]]. Antey it esset un part del [[Soviet-Union]]. Armenia es membre in li militari alliantie [[Organisation del tractate pri colectiv securitá]]. Li political sistema esset til li annu 2015 un sistema presidential con un dominant position del directmen electet presidente. Per un plebiscite in li annu 2015 Armenia devenit un political sistema parlamentari con un dominant position del parlament e del prim-ministre. Li parlament porta li nónime Assemble National e have solmen un chambre. Li Assemble National es electet chascun quar annus e have 105 membres. * Presidente: [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] desde 2022 * Prim-Ministre: [[Nikol Pashinyan]] (2019) ==Economie== Desde li annu 1993 Armenia have con li [[Dram]] (AMD) un propri valuta. Por li economie li transferte de pecunie de armenianes, qui labora in [[Russia]] have un grand importantie. Anc li agricultura lude un grand rol in li economie del land. Ci li production de [[vino]] e [[brandie]]. == Vide anc == *[[Liste de cités in Armenia secun population]] {{Asia}} {{Europa}} [[Categorie:Armenia]] [[Categorie:Asia]] [[Categorie:Europa]] nnpw8vp2jeg0vhphkhvxjt3ojt917gp 168996 168995 2026-08-26T21:24:03Z Dorlota 13847 /* Economie */ 168996 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox lande |nómine=Armenia |image_flagga=Flag of Armenia.svg |image_blason=Coat of arms of Armenia.svg |cité_capital=[[Yerevan]] |chef de state=Armen Sargsyan |presidente= |lingues=[[Armenian]] |area= 29 743 |population= 3 001 643 |valuta=Dram |valuta_code=AMD |image_situation=Armenia (orthographic projection).svg }} '''Armenia''' es un land situat in [[Europa]]. It es situat in li montania de [[Caucás]]. It have 2.972.900 (2019) habitantes e un area de 29.800 quadrat-kilometres. Li cité capital de Armenia es [[Yerevan]]. ==Historie== * 600-350 ante Cristo: Reyatu de Armenia o Grand Armenia esset un índependent reyatu. * 301 Armenua devenit li unesim [[Cristianisme|cristan]] state del munde con li [[Armenian Apostolic Eclesie]]. * 16-im secul: Li [[Otoman Imperie]] e [[Persia]] dividet Armenia ínter se. * 1915-1916 [[Armenian Genocide]] de [[Turcia]]. Li nationalist guvernament de [[Turcia]] mortat ínter 300.000 e 1,5 milliones armenianes. * 1918-1920 Armenia esset quam [[Democratic Republica Armenia]] un state índependent. * 1922 Armenia devenit parte del [[Soviet-Union]] quam parte del [[Transcaucasion Socialist Federativ Soviet Republica]], quel consistet de Armenia, [[Azerbaidjan]] e [[Georgia]]. * 1936 Armenia devenit [[Armenian Socialst Soviet Republica]] un propri soviet republica intra li [[Soviet-Union]]. * 1990 Unesim líber electiones in li [[Armenian Socialist Republica]]. [[Levon Ter-Petrosyan]] devenit quam presidente del parlament chef del state de Armenia. * 1991 Ye li 21-im de septembre 1991 Armenia declarat su índependentie del [[Soviet-Union]] e devenit denov un state índependent. ==Politica== Armenia es un state índependent desde [[1991]]. Antey it esset un part del [[Soviet-Union]]. Armenia es membre in li militari alliantie [[Organisation del tractate pri colectiv securitá]]. Li political sistema esset til li annu 2015 un sistema presidential con un dominant position del directmen electet presidente. Per un plebiscite in li annu 2015 Armenia devenit un political sistema parlamentari con un dominant position del parlament e del prim-ministre. Li parlament porta li nónime Assemble National e have solmen un chambre. Li Assemble National es electet chascun quar annus e have 105 membres. * Presidente: [[Vahagn Khachaturyan]] desde 2022 * Prim-Ministre: [[Nikol Pashinyan]] (2019) ==Economie== Desde li annu 1993 Armenia have con li [[Dram]] (AMD) un propri valuta. Por li economie li transferte de pecunie de armenianes, qui labora in [[Russia]] have un grand importantie. Anc li agricultura lude un grand rol in li economie del land. Ci li production de [[vin]] e [[brandie]]. == Vide anc == *[[Liste de cités in Armenia secun population]] {{Asia}} {{Europa}} [[Categorie:Armenia]] [[Categorie:Asia]] [[Categorie:Europa]] 8qkwvqy4t6a7db1vi6oulbaam5mg6r1 0 8106 168977 115978 2026-08-26T19:12:40Z Dorlota 13847 168977 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Martuni_Armenia,_Gegharkunik.jpg|thumb|280px|right|Martuni]] '''Martuni''' es un cité in [[Armenia]]. It es situat in li [[Provincia Gegharkunik]] al sudal rive del lago [[Lago Sevan]]. Li cité have 12.894 (2011) habitantes. Martuni portat in li [[medievie]] li nómine Mets Kznut. Inter 1830 e 1922 li cité havet li nómine Nerkin Gharanlugh. In li annu 1926 li nómine esset changeat al Martini in secun li prim-ministre de [[Armenia]] [[Aleksandr Myasnikyan]]. ==Sport== Li cité es li hem del [[football]]-club [[Alashkert FC]] quel lude in li max alt armenian liga de [[football]] quel esset ja duvez [[football]] champion de [[Armenia]]. [[Categorie: Armenia]] ieouxo87orpj73e05i40jtuizhn4yg3 3 10868 168981 168974 2026-08-26T19:45:22Z Dorlota 13847 /* Interlingue Request */ 168981 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Benevenit}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|conversation]]) 05:43, 13 august 2020 (UTC) == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[Usator:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usator Discussion:MediaWiki message delivery|conversation]]) 18:52, 25 septembre 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> == [[:w:en:The Office (American TV series)|The Office (American TV series)]] and [[:w:en:Tomb of Cyrus|Tomb of Cyrus]] == Hello dear Dorlota, I'd be glad if you could translate these two articles into Lingua Franca Nova. They don't need to be long, just a few sentences are good. Yours sincerely, [[Usator:ChipsBaMast|ChipsBaMast]] ([[Usator Discussion:ChipsBaMast|discussion]]) 15:20, 18 decembre 2021 (UTC) I can translate them into Interlingue, but not into Lingua Franca Nova. I don't write Lingua Franca Nova well. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 10:38, 13 marte 2022 (UTC) == Deleter == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser deleter li articules [[:Categorie:Candidates for speedy deletion|ci]]? Mersí. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 17:13, 27 septembre 2022 (UTC) == Deleter == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser deleter li articules [[:Categorie:Candidates for speedy deletion|que apari ci]]? Mersí. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 19:23, 29 septembre 2022 (UTC) == Request writing about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386)? == Hello Dorlota, Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386) for the IE wikipedia? It will be appreciated if it's done. [[Usator:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Usator Discussion:Boss-well63|discussion]]) 23:57, 19 marte 2023 (UTC) == Proposició de traducció == Hola, Dorlota! Parlo en català perquè penso que sabent interlingua pots entendre'm mínimament. He vist que fas traduccions de biografies de polítics i penso que seria molt adequat per a tu l'article [[Diana Aguavil]] ([[wikidata:Q63101957|Q63101957]]), que és el de la [[metawiki:Translation_of_the_week|Translation of the week]] d'aquesta setmana. Seria molt bo que existís en interlingue. --[[Usator:Brunnaiz|Brunnaiz]] ([[Usator Discussion:Brunnaiz|discussion]]) 16:04, 31 marte 2023 (UTC) :Interlingua es una altra llengua, aquesta Wikipedia està escrita en interlinguE, també dit Occidental. [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:44, 16 april 2023 (UTC) == Bon articul == Salute! Esque tu crede que [[Son]] vell posser esser un bon articul? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:44, 16 april 2023 (UTC) == Tauno Tattari == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser traducter [[Tauno Tattari|ti-ci]] articul? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 08:06, 23 april 2023 (UTC) Yes, certmen. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 11:00, 23 april 2023 (UTC) == Votation == Pleas votar [https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votatoria#Edgar_de_Wahl_quam_articul_bon ci]. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:41, 22 septembre 2023 (UTC) == Cosmoglotta Comunité == Salute! Yo videt que tu ha fat changeamentes in li artícul, e tu ha adjuntet "[...] quel anc vole changeamentes in li actual form de lingue." De quel changeamentes es parlante li comunité? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 06:45, 26 februar 2026 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello, Dorlota. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Interlingue Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[Usator:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[Usator Discussion:Kurcke|discussion]]) 09:37, 15 marte 2026 (UTC) :Hi I already made an article about [[Bazardüzü]] [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 20:10, 15 marte 2026 (UTC) ==Interlingue Request== Dear Dorlota, Can you help translate this bible verse into Interlingue? :"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life." :Esperanto version: "Ĉar Dio tiel amis la mondon, ke Li donis Sian solenaskitan Filon, por ke ĉiu, kiu fidas al li, ne pereu, sed havu eternan vivon." Your help would be gratefully appreciated. Yours Sincerely, --[[Usator:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[Usator Discussion:DaveZ123|discussion]]) 11:21, 25 august 2026 (UTC) Hello and Salute! Here is the translation: :Interlingue version: Car Deo amat li munde tant mult que Il donat Su sol nascet Filio, que quicunc crede in Il ne va perir, ma va haver un eterni vive. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 19:45, 26 august 2026 (UTC) 3quiw3160d1ciend2c1pfiin6jxbyzj 168982 168981 2026-08-26T19:45:43Z Dorlota 13847 /* Interlingue Request */ 168982 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Benevenit}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|conversation]]) 05:43, 13 august 2020 (UTC) == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[Usator:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usator Discussion:MediaWiki message delivery|conversation]]) 18:52, 25 septembre 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> == [[:w:en:The Office (American TV series)|The Office (American TV series)]] and [[:w:en:Tomb of Cyrus|Tomb of Cyrus]] == Hello dear Dorlota, I'd be glad if you could translate these two articles into Lingua Franca Nova. They don't need to be long, just a few sentences are good. Yours sincerely, [[Usator:ChipsBaMast|ChipsBaMast]] ([[Usator Discussion:ChipsBaMast|discussion]]) 15:20, 18 decembre 2021 (UTC) I can translate them into Interlingue, but not into Lingua Franca Nova. I don't write Lingua Franca Nova well. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 10:38, 13 marte 2022 (UTC) == Deleter == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser deleter li articules [[:Categorie:Candidates for speedy deletion|ci]]? Mersí. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 17:13, 27 septembre 2022 (UTC) == Deleter == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser deleter li articules [[:Categorie:Candidates for speedy deletion|que apari ci]]? Mersí. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 19:23, 29 septembre 2022 (UTC) == Request writing about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386)? == Hello Dorlota, Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386) for the IE wikipedia? It will be appreciated if it's done. [[Usator:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Usator Discussion:Boss-well63|discussion]]) 23:57, 19 marte 2023 (UTC) == Proposició de traducció == Hola, Dorlota! Parlo en català perquè penso que sabent interlingua pots entendre'm mínimament. He vist que fas traduccions de biografies de polítics i penso que seria molt adequat per a tu l'article [[Diana Aguavil]] ([[wikidata:Q63101957|Q63101957]]), que és el de la [[metawiki:Translation_of_the_week|Translation of the week]] d'aquesta setmana. Seria molt bo que existís en interlingue. --[[Usator:Brunnaiz|Brunnaiz]] ([[Usator Discussion:Brunnaiz|discussion]]) 16:04, 31 marte 2023 (UTC) :Interlingua es una altra llengua, aquesta Wikipedia està escrita en interlinguE, també dit Occidental. [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:44, 16 april 2023 (UTC) == Bon articul == Salute! Esque tu crede que [[Son]] vell posser esser un bon articul? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:44, 16 april 2023 (UTC) == Tauno Tattari == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser traducter [[Tauno Tattari|ti-ci]] articul? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 08:06, 23 april 2023 (UTC) Yes, certmen. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 11:00, 23 april 2023 (UTC) == Votation == Pleas votar [https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votatoria#Edgar_de_Wahl_quam_articul_bon ci]. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:41, 22 septembre 2023 (UTC) == Cosmoglotta Comunité == Salute! Yo videt que tu ha fat changeamentes in li artícul, e tu ha adjuntet "[...] quel anc vole changeamentes in li actual form de lingue." De quel changeamentes es parlante li comunité? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 06:45, 26 februar 2026 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello, Dorlota. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Interlingue Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[Usator:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[Usator Discussion:Kurcke|discussion]]) 09:37, 15 marte 2026 (UTC) :Hi I already made an article about [[Bazardüzü]] [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 20:10, 15 marte 2026 (UTC) ==Interlingue Request== Dear Dorlota, Can you help translate this bible verse into Interlingue? :"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life." :Esperanto version: "Ĉar Dio tiel amis la mondon, ke Li donis Sian solenaskitan Filon, por ke ĉiu, kiu fidas al li, ne pereu, sed havu eternan vivon." Your help would be gratefully appreciated. Yours Sincerely, --[[Usator:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[Usator Discussion:DaveZ123|discussion]]) 11:21, 25 august 2026 (UTC) Hello and Salute! Here is the translation: :Interlingue version: Li Car Deo amat li munde tant mult que Il donat Su sol nascet Filio, que quicunc crede in Il ne va perir, ma va haver un eterni vive. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 19:45, 26 august 2026 (UTC) 7s1qzq842x86zfahdvthhelbpu1ywrt 168997 168982 2026-08-27T07:25:16Z DaveZ123 14406 /* Interlingue Request */ Thank you! 168997 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Benevenit}} --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|conversation]]) 05:43, 13 august 2020 (UTC) == We sent you an e-mail == Hello {{PAGENAME}}, Really sorry for the inconvenience. This is a gentle note to request that you check your email. We sent you a message titled "The Community Insights survey is coming!". If you have questions, email surveys@wikimedia.org. You can [[:m:Special:Diff/20479077|see my explanation here]]. [[Usator:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Usator Discussion:MediaWiki message delivery|conversation]]) 18:52, 25 septembre 2020 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Samuel (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Samuel_(WMF)/Community_Insights_survey/other-languages&oldid=20479295 --> == [[:w:en:The Office (American TV series)|The Office (American TV series)]] and [[:w:en:Tomb of Cyrus|Tomb of Cyrus]] == Hello dear Dorlota, I'd be glad if you could translate these two articles into Lingua Franca Nova. They don't need to be long, just a few sentences are good. Yours sincerely, [[Usator:ChipsBaMast|ChipsBaMast]] ([[Usator Discussion:ChipsBaMast|discussion]]) 15:20, 18 decembre 2021 (UTC) I can translate them into Interlingue, but not into Lingua Franca Nova. I don't write Lingua Franca Nova well. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 10:38, 13 marte 2022 (UTC) == Deleter == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser deleter li articules [[:Categorie:Candidates for speedy deletion|ci]]? Mersí. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 17:13, 27 septembre 2022 (UTC) == Deleter == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser deleter li articules [[:Categorie:Candidates for speedy deletion|que apari ci]]? Mersí. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 19:23, 29 septembre 2022 (UTC) == Request writing about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386)? == Hello Dorlota, Would you like to write about Isabelle de Charrière (Q123386) for the IE wikipedia? It will be appreciated if it's done. [[Usator:Boss-well63|Boss-well63]] ([[Usator Discussion:Boss-well63|discussion]]) 23:57, 19 marte 2023 (UTC) == Proposició de traducció == Hola, Dorlota! Parlo en català perquè penso que sabent interlingua pots entendre'm mínimament. He vist que fas traduccions de biografies de polítics i penso que seria molt adequat per a tu l'article [[Diana Aguavil]] ([[wikidata:Q63101957|Q63101957]]), que és el de la [[metawiki:Translation_of_the_week|Translation of the week]] d'aquesta setmana. Seria molt bo que existís en interlingue. --[[Usator:Brunnaiz|Brunnaiz]] ([[Usator Discussion:Brunnaiz|discussion]]) 16:04, 31 marte 2023 (UTC) :Interlingua es una altra llengua, aquesta Wikipedia està escrita en interlinguE, també dit Occidental. [[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:44, 16 april 2023 (UTC) == Bon articul == Salute! Esque tu crede que [[Son]] vell posser esser un bon articul? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:44, 16 april 2023 (UTC) == Tauno Tattari == Salute Dorlota, esque tu vell posser traducter [[Tauno Tattari|ti-ci]] articul? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 08:06, 23 april 2023 (UTC) Yes, certmen. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 11:00, 23 april 2023 (UTC) == Votation == Pleas votar [https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Votatoria#Edgar_de_Wahl_quam_articul_bon ci]. --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 09:41, 22 septembre 2023 (UTC) == Cosmoglotta Comunité == Salute! Yo videt que tu ha fat changeamentes in li artícul, e tu ha adjuntet "[...] quel anc vole changeamentes in li actual form de lingue." De quel changeamentes es parlante li comunité? --[[Usator:Caro de Segeda|Caro de Segeda]] ([[Usator Discussion:Caro de Segeda|discussion]]) 06:45, 26 februar 2026 (UTC) == Translation request == Hello, Dorlota. Can you translate and upload the articles [[:en:Bazardüzü]] and [[:en:Campi Flegrei]] in Interlingue Wikipedia? Yours sincerely, [[Usator:Kurcke|Kurcke]] ([[Usator Discussion:Kurcke|discussion]]) 09:37, 15 marte 2026 (UTC) :Hi I already made an article about [[Bazardüzü]] [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 20:10, 15 marte 2026 (UTC) ==Interlingue Request== Dear Dorlota, Can you help translate this bible verse into Interlingue? :"For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only Son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have eternal life." :Esperanto version: "Ĉar Dio tiel amis la mondon, ke Li donis Sian solenaskitan Filon, por ke ĉiu, kiu fidas al li, ne pereu, sed havu eternan vivon." Your help would be gratefully appreciated. Yours Sincerely, --[[Usator:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[Usator Discussion:DaveZ123|discussion]]) 11:21, 25 august 2026 (UTC) Hello and Salute! Here is the translation: :Interlingue version: Li Car Deo amat li munde tant mult que Il donat Su sol nascet Filio, que quicunc crede in Il ne va perir, ma va haver un eterni vive. [[Usator:Dorlota|Dorlota]] ([[Usator Discussion:Dorlota|discussion]]) 19:45, 26 august 2026 (UTC) ==Thankyou== [[File:Wiklesia.jpg|right|thumb|150px|link=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Dorlota#Thankyou]] :Mult mersí! Thank you very much for your precious help Dorlota, :I am very very Grateful. :<big>May God bless you / ''Deo mey benedir te''!</big> :--[[Usator:DaveZ123|DaveZ123]] ([[Usator Discussion:DaveZ123|discussion]]) 07:24, 27 august 2026 (UTC) 431g5w02qmgndxyojv16u4nolxptn1q 0 18514 168992 157220 2026-08-26T20:37:05Z InternetArchiveBot 14934 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260826sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 168992 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Milky Way Night Sky Black Rock Desert Nevada.jpg|thumb|Un vista del Via Galactic al [[constellation]] de [[Sagittario (constellation)|Sagittario]] (includent li [[galaxic centre]])]] Li '''Via Galactic''' es li [[galaxe]] que include li [[solari sistema]]; su nómine descri su aspecte fro [[Terra]]: un nebulosi bande de luce videt in li [[noctal ciel]] format de [[stelle]]s que ne posse esser distintet individualmen per li [[ocul nud]]. Li paroles ''Via Galactic'' es derivat del [[Ancian grec|grec]] {{lang|grc|γαλακτικὸς κύκλος}} (''galaktikòs kýklos''). Sur Terra, li Via Galactic apari quam un bande pro que su discoid structura es videt internmen. [[Galileo Galilei]] prim resoluet li luminosi bande ad-in individual stelles per su telescop in 1610. Til li tost 1920s, max astronomes pensat que li Via Galactic contenet omni stelles in nor [[universe]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Milky Way Galaxy: Facts About Our Galactic Home |work=Space.com |url=http://www.space.com/19915-milky-way-galaxy.html |access-date=April 8, 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170321063305/http://www.space.com/19915-milky-way-galaxy.html |archive-date=March 21, 2017}}</ref> Pos li 1920 [[Grand Debatte (astronomie)|Grand Debatte]] inter li astronomes [[Harlow Shapley]] e [[Heber Doust Curtis]], observationes per [[Edwin Hubble]] demonstrat que li Via Galactic es solmen un de multi galaxes. Li Via Galactic es un [[galaxe spiral barrat]] con un [[Galaxe#Isophotal diameter|D₂₅ isofotal diametre]] estimat a 26,1 kiloparsecs, ma solmen circa 1000 [[lumine-annu]]s spess che li brasses spiral (plu spess in li central bosse).Recent simulationes suggeste que un area de [[materie obscur]], anc contener alcun visibil stelles, forsan extende til un diametre de presc 2 million lumine-annus (613 kpc). Li Via Galactic have pluri satelitic galaxes e es parte del [[Local Gruppe]] de galaxes, que forma parte del [[Virgo Supergruppe]], que es se un parte del [[Laniakea Supergruppe]].<ref>{{cite web |publisher=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rENyyRwxpHo |title=Laniakea: Our home supercluster |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140904162040/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rENyyRwxpHo |archive-date=September 4, 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |display-authors=1 |first1=R. Brent |last1=Tully |first2=Hélène |last2=Courtois |first3=Yehuda |last3=Hoffman |first4=Daniel |last4=Pomarède |date=September 4, 2014 |title=The Laniakea supercluster of galaxies |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_nature_2014-09-04_513_7516/page/71 |volume=513 |pages=71–73 |doi=10.1038/nature13674 |bibcode=2014Natur.513...71T |issue=7516 |arxiv=1409.0880 |journal=Nature |pmid=25186900 |s2cid=205240232}}</ref> Nor galaxe es estimat de contener de 100 a 400 milliard stelles<ref>{{cite web |title=Milky Way |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/universe/key_places/milky_way |publisher=[[BBC]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302071454/http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/space/universe/key_places/milky_way |archive-date=March 2, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2015/07/22/how-many-stars-in-the-milky-way/ |title=How Many Stars in the Milky Way? |work=NASA Blueshift |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160125140109/http://asd.gsfc.nasa.gov/blueshift/index.php/2015/07/22/how-many-stars-in-the-milky-way/ |archive-date=January 25, 2016}}</ref> e adminim ti quantitá de [[planete]]s.<ref name="Space-20130102">{{cite news |author=<!--Not stated--> |title=100 Billion Alien Planets Fill Our Milky Way Galaxy: Study |url=http://www.space.com/19103-milky-way-100-billion-planets.html |date=January 2, 2013 |work=[[Space.com]] |access-date=January 3, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130103060601/http://www.space.com/19103-milky-way-100-billion-planets.html |archive-date=January 3, 2013}}</ref> Li solari sistema es locat che un distantie de circa 27.000 lumine-annus (8.3 kpc) del [[galaxic centre]], sur li intern márgine del [[Orion|Brasse de Orion]], un del spiralmen format concentrationes de gas e polve. Li stelles in li max interiori 10.000 lumine-annus forma un [[Bosse (astronomie)|bosse]] e un o plu barres que radiate ex le bosse. Li centre del nor galaxe es un intens fonte de radio-undes nominat [[Sagittario A*]], un [[supermassiv nigri fore]] de 4,1 million [[solari masse]]s.<ref name="NYT-20220131">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=An Electrifying View of the Heart of the Milky Way – A new radio-wave image of the center of our galaxy reveals all the forms of frenzy that a hundred million or so stars can get up to. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/31/science/milky-way.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131224108/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/31/science/milky-way.html |archive-date=2022-01-31 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |date=January 31, 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=February 1, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="ARX-20220128">{{cite journal |author=Heyood, I. |display-authors=et al. |date=January 28, 2022 |title=The 1.28 GHz MeerKAT Galactic Center Mosaic |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=925 |issue=2 |page=165 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ac449a |arxiv=2201.10541 |bibcode=2022ApJ...925..165H |s2cid=246275657}}</ref> Stelles e gases che un largi range de distanties del galaxic centre orbita a circa 220 kilometres per seconde. Li constant rapiditá rotational apari de contradicter li leges de [[Leges de motion planetari de Kepler|Keplerian dinamica]] e indica que max mult (circa 90%) del [[masse]] del Via Galactic es materie obscur. Li rotational periode es circa 212 million annus che li rádius del [[Sole]]. Li Via Galactic move al rapiditá de circa 600&nbsp;km per seconde con egard a extragalaxic [[sistema de referentie|sistemas de referentie]]. Li max ancian stelles in li Via Galactic es prescmen tam ancian quam li universe se. == Vide anc == * [[Galaxe]] * [[Galaxic gruppe]] * [[Stelle]] == Referenties == <references/> [[Categorie:Galaxe]] [[Categorie:Astronomie]] swc7u9cyl4lac9ysf4s4co6950e36fz 0 18564 168991 155456 2026-08-26T20:36:43Z InternetArchiveBot 14934 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260826sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 168991 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Black hole - Messier 87 crop max res.jpg|thumb|240x240px|alt=Blackness of space with black marked as centre of donut of orange and red gases|Direct image de un [[supermassiv nigri fore]] che li cordie del galaxe [[Messier 87]]<ref>{{cite journal |author=Oldham, L. J. |author2=Auger, M. W. |title=Galaxy structure from multiple tracers – II. M87 from parsec to megaparsec scales |date=March 2016 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=457 |issue=1 |pages=421–439 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stv2982 |arxiv=1601.01323 |bibcode=2016MNRAS.457..421O|s2cid=119166670 }}</ref>]] [[File:Black hole lensing web.gif|thumb|250px|Animat simulation de un [[Schwarzschild nigri fore]] con un galaxe passar in detra. Circa li tempor de alineament, extrem [[gravitational lins|gravitational linsation]] del galaxe es observat.]] Un '''nigri fore''' es un region de [[spacie-témpor]] u [[gravitation]] es talmen fort que necós, includent [[lúmine]] o altri [[Radiation electromagnetic|undes electromagnetic]], posse escapar it.<ref>{{harvnb|Wald|1984|pp=299–300}}</ref> Li teorie de [[relativitá general]] predi que un suficientmen compact [[masse]] posse deformar spacie-tempor de formar un nigri fore.<ref name="wald 1997">{{cite book |last=Wald |first=R. M. |author-link=Robert Wald |title=Black Holes, Gravitational Radiation and the Universe |editor1=Iyer, B. R. |editor2=Bhawal, B. |chapter=Gravitational Collapse and Cosmic Censorship |arxiv=gr-qc/9710068 |date=1997 |pages=69–86 |location=Dordrecht |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-94-017-0934-7 |isbn=978-9401709347}}</ref><ref name="NYT-20150608">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Black Hole Hunters |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/science/black-hole-event-horizon-telescope.html |date=8 June 2015 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=8 June 2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150609023631/http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/science/black-hole-event-horizon-telescope.html |archive-date=9 June 2015}}</ref> Li [[Limite (topologie)|limite]] de null escapada es nominat li [[horizonte de eventus]]. Benque it have un grand efecte sur li cosa que passa it, li horizonte de eventus have null localmen detectibil trates, secun general relativitá.<ref name ="HamiltonA">{{cite web|author=Hamilton, A.|url=http://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/schw.html|title=Journey into a Schwarzschild black hole|website=jila.colorado.edu|access-date=28 June 2020|archive-date=3 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903235853/https://jila.colorado.edu/~ajsh/insidebh/schw.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In multi aspectes, un fore nigri acte quam un perfect [[córpor nigri]], pro que it reflecte null luce.<ref>{{cite book |title=Gravity from the ground up |first1=Bernard F. |last1=Schutz |author-link1=Bernard F. Schutz |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-521-45506-0 |page=110 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P_T0xxhDcsIC |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161202222711/https://books.google.com/books?id=P_T0xxhDcsIC |archive-date=2 December 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Davies |first=P. C. W. |author-link1=Paul Davies |title=Thermodynamics of Black Holes |url=http://cosmos.asu.edu/publications/papers/ThermodynamicTheoryofBlackHoles%2034.pdf |journal=[[Reports on Progress in Physics]] |volume=41 |date=1978 |issue=8 |pages=1313–1355 |doi=10.1088/0034-4885/41/8/004 |bibcode=1978RPPh...41.1313D|s2cid=250916407 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510184530/http://cosmos.asu.edu/publications/papers/ThermodynamicTheoryofBlackHoles%2034.pdf |archive-date=10 May 2013 }}</ref> Nigri fores de stellic masse forma quande massiv [[stelle]]s implode al fine de lor [[evolution stellari]]. Pos un nigri fore ha format, it posse crescer per absorpter masse de su circumité. [[Supermassiv nigri fore]]s de milliones de [[solari masse]]s posse formar per absorpter altri stelles e coalescer con altri nigri fores. Astronomes concorda que supermassiv nigri fores existe in li centres de max [[galaxe|galaxes]]. Li presentie de un nigri fore es inferer per su interaction con altri [[materie]] e con radiation electromagnetic, quam visibil lúmine. Omni materie que cade sur un nigri fore posse formar un extern [[acretion disco]] calentat per [[friction]]. To forma [[quasar]]es, alcun del max brilliant objectes in li [[universe]]. Stelles passar tro proxim a un supermassiv nigri fore posse esser dispezzat ad-in banderoles que brilliar tre clarmen ante li fore "ingloti" les.<ref name="pmid32001633">{{cite journal | author=Clery D | title=Black holes caught in the act of swallowing stars | url=https://archive.org/details/science_2020-01-31_367_6477/page/495 | journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume=367 | issue=6477 | page=495 | year=2020 | doi = 10.1126/science.367.6477.495 | pmid=32001633| bibcode=2020Sci...367..495C| s2cid=210984462 }}</ref> Si atrie stelles orbita un nigri fore, lor orbites posse esser usat de determinar li masse e loco del fore. Tal observationes es usat de excluder possibil alternatives quam [[neutronic stelles]]. Per ti metodes, astronomes ha identificat numerosi possibil stellari nigri fores in [[duplic stelle|duplic sistemes]] e constatat que li fonte de radio-undes savet quam [[Sagittario A*]], al cordie de [[Via Galactic|nor galaxe]], contene un supermassiv nigri fore de circa 4,3&nbsp;million solari masses. == Vide anc == * [[Neutronic stelle]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Supermassiv nigri fore]] * [[Via Galactic]] == Referenties == <references/> [[Categorie:Astronomie]] 4w6kcaemvnakwci9bpo7ev19kp4os3j 0 18654 168990 168909 2026-08-26T20:36:05Z InternetArchiveBot 14934 Add 2 books for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260826sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 168990 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:US 199 Redwood Highway.jpg|thumb|upright|Li costal sequoia rubi, ''[[Sequoia sempervirens]]'', es til 116 metres alt.]] '''Plantes''' es [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]] [[organisme]]s, predominantmen [[Fotosintese|fotosintetic]], que forma li [[Reyia (biologie)|reyia]] '''Plantae'''. Multi plantes es [[multicellulari]]. Historicmen, li reyia plantal includet omni vivent coses que ne es [[animale]]s, quam [[alga]]s e [[fungo]]s. Omni current definitions exclude li fungos e alcun del algas. Per un definition, plantes forma li clade [[Viridiplantae]] ([[latin]] por "verdi plantes"), quel consistes de [[verdi alga]] e li [[embriofite]]s o terric plantes. Lu ultim include [[antocerotofite]]s, [[marchantiofite]]s, [[mosse]]s, [[licofite]]s, [[filice]]s, [[conifere]]s e altri [[gimnosperm]]es, e [[florant plante]]s. Un definition basat sur [[genome]]s include li Viridiplantae e anc li [[rubi alga]]s e li [[glaucofite]]s, in li clade [[Archaeplastida]]. Verdi plantes obtene li max quantitá de lor [[energie]] de [[lúmine solari]], usar [[cloroplaste]]s derivat de [[endosimbiose]] con [[cianobacterie]]. Cloroplastes performa [[fotosinthese]] usante li pigment [[clorofill]], quel da les lor verdi color. Alcun plantes es [[Parasitic plante|parasitic]] e have perdit li capabilitá a producter normal quantitás de clorofill o a fotosynthesisar. Plantes es caracterisat per [[sexual reproduction]] e [[alternation de generationes]], ma [[nonsexual reproduction]] es anc comun. Hay circa 380.000 savet [[specie]]s de plantes, de quel li majoritá, circa 260.000, [[Spermatofite|producte semes]]. Verdi plantes provide un substantial proportion de [[oxigen]] moleculari del [[atmosfere terrestri]] e es li base de li majoritá del ecosistemas del [[Terra]]. [[Cereale]]s, [[fructe]]s, e [[vegetale]]s es basic human nutrimentes e have esset [[domestication|domesticat]] por millennies. Plantes have multi [[Plantes in cultura|cultural]] e altri usus, quam ornamentes, [[constructent materiale]]s, [[scritural materiale]]s, e, in grand varietá, ili have esset li [[medicinal plante|fonte de medicamentes]]. Li scientic studie de plantes es nominat [[botanica]], un branche de [[biologie]]. == Li diversitá de plantes == [[File:Cosmarium201512081550.JPG|thumb|upright|Li desmid ''[[Cosmarium botrytis]]'' es un singul cellul.]] Hay circa 382.000 acceptat [[specie]]s de plantes,<ref name=WFO/> de quel circa 293.000 [[Spermatofite|producte semes]].<ref name="IUCNdata">{{cite web |title=Numbers of threatened species by major groups of organisms (1996–2010) |publisher=International Union for Conservation of Nature |date=11 March 2010 |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf |access-date=27 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721034312/https://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/summarystatistics/2010_1RL_Stats_Table_1.pdf |archive-date= 21 July 2011 |url-status= live }}</ref> Li tabelle infra monstra alcun estimates del quantitá de species in li diferent divisiones de verdi plantes (Viridiplantae). Circa 85–90% de omni plantes es florant plantes. Pluri projectes es provar currentmen a colecter data de omni species de plante in surlineal data-bases, p.ex. li [[Mundial Flora Surlineal]].<ref name=WFO>{{cite web|work=The World Flora Online|title=An Online Flora of All Known Plants |url=http://worldfloraonline.org/|access-date=25 March 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-12 |title=How many plant species are there in the world? Scientists now have an answer |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2016/05/many-plants-world-scientists-may-now-answer/ |access-date=2022-05-28 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |archive-date=23 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220323202847/https://news.mongabay.com/2016/05/many-plants-world-scientists-may-now-answer/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Plantes rangea in grandore de singul cellules, quam multi algas includent [[desmid]]es (de 10 micrometres diametre) e [[picozoa]]ns (minu quam 3 micrometres),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Hall |first1=John D.|last2=McCourt |first2=Richard M. |chapter=Chapter 9. Conjugating Green Algae Including Desmids |editor-first1=John D. |editor-last1=Wehr |editor-first2=Robert G. |editor-last2=Sheath |editor-first3=John Patrick |editor-last3=Kociolek |date=2014 |edition=2 |title=Freshwater Algae of North America: Ecology and Classification |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=978-0-12-385876-4 }}</ref><ref name="Seenivasan Sausen Medlin Melkonian 2013 p=e59565">{{cite journal |last1=Seenivasan |first1=Ramkumar |last2=Sausen |first2=Nicole |last3=Medlin |first3=Linda K. |last4=Melkonian |first4=Michael |title=Picomonas judraskeda Gen. Et Sp. Nov.: The First Identified Member of the Picozoa Phylum Nov., a Widespread Group of Picoeukaryotes, Formerly Known as 'Picobiliphytes' |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=3 |date=26 March 2013 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0059565 |page=e59565|pmid=23555709 |pmc=3608682 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...859565S |doi-access=free }}</ref> al árbores quam li conifere ''[[Sequoia sempervirens]]'' (til 116m alt) e li angiosperm ''[[Eucalyptus regnans]]'' (til 100m alt).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.conifers.org/cu/Sequoia.php |title=Sequoia sempervirens |work=The Gymnosperm Database |editor=Earle, Christopher J. |date=2017 |access-date=2017-09-15 |archive-date=2016-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401041103/http://www.conifers.org/cu/Sequoia.php |url-status=live }}</ref> {|class="wikitable sortable" |+'''Li diversitá de divisiones de vivent verdi plantes (Viridiplantae) per númere de species''' |- ! Informal gruppe ! Divisional nómine ! Comun nómine ! Nr. de species vivent |- |rowspan="2" style=vertical-align:top;"|[[Verdi alga]] |[[Chlorophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Verdi algas (clorofites) |style="text-align:right;"|3800–4300 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Van den Hoek |first=C. |title=Algae: An Introduction to Phycology' |url=https://archive.org/details/algaeintroductio0000hoek |last2=Mann |first2=D.G. |last3=Jahns |first3=H.M. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-521-30419-9 |location=Cambridge |pages=[https://archive.org/details/algaeintroductio0000hoek/page/343 343], 350, 392, 413, 425, 439, & 448}}</ref><ref name=AlgaeBase_Chlorophyta>{{Citation |last1=Guiry |first1=M.D. |last2=Guiry |first2=G.M. |year=2011 |title=AlgaeBase : Chlorophyta |publisher=World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway |url=https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?searching=true&gettaxon=Chlorophyta |access-date=2011-07-26 |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913110003/https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?id=97241&-session=abv4:AC1F1E78164b71ADB2VYE18555D5 |archive-date=13 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref> |- |[[Charophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Verdi algas (p.ex. [[desmidiales|desmides]] e [[carales]]) |style="text-align:right;"|2800–6000 <ref name=AlgaeBase_Charophyta>{{Citation |last1=Guiry |first1=M.D. |last2=Guiry |first2=G.M. |year=2011 |title=AlgaeBase : Charophyta |publisher=World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway |url=https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?searching=true&gettaxon=Charophyta |access-date=2011-07-26 |name-list-style=amp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913110015/https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/?searching=true&gettaxon=Charophyta |archive-date=13 September 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Van den Hoek |first=C. |title=Algae: An Introduction to Phycology |url=https://archive.org/details/algaeintroductio0000hoek |last2=Mann |first2=D.G. |last3=Jahns |first3=H.M |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-521-30419-9 |location=Cambridge |pages=[https://archive.org/details/algaeintroductio0000hoek/page/457 457], 463, & 476}}</ref> |- |rowspan="3" style=vertical-align:top;"|[[Briofite]]s |[[Marchantiophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Marchantiofites |style="text-align:right;"|6000–8000 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Crandall-Stotler |first=Barbara |title=Bryophyte Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/bryophytebiology0000unse |last2=Stotler |first2=Raymond E. |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |isbn=0-521-66097-1 |editor-last=Shaw |editor-first=A. Jonathan |location=Cambridge |page=[https://archive.org/details/bryophytebiology0000unse/page/21 21] |chapter=Morphology and classification of the Marchantiophyta |editor-last2=Goffinet |editor-first2=Bernard}}</ref> |- |[[Anthocerotophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Antocerotofites |style="text-align:right;"|100–200 <ref>{{Cite book |last=Schuster |first=Rudolf M. |title=The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America |publisher=Field Museum of Natural History |year=1992 |isbn=0-914868-21-7 |volume=VI |location=Chicago |pages=712–713}}</ref> |- |[[Bryophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Mosses |style="text-align:right;"|12.000 <ref name="Goffinet & Buck 2004">{{cite journal |last=Goffinet |first=Bernard |author2=William R. Buck |year=2004 |title=Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification |journal=Monographs in Systematic Botany |volume=98 |pages=205–239 }}</ref> |- |rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"|[[Pteridophyte]]s |[[Lycopodiopsida|Lycopodiophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Clobbe-mosses |style="text-align:right;"|1200 <ref name="Raven 2005">{{cite book |last1=Raven |first1=Peter H. |first2=Ray F. |last2=Evert |first3=Susan E. |last3=Eichhorn |year=2005 |title=Biology of Plants |url=https://archive.org/details/biologyofplants00rave_0 |url-access=registration |edition=7th |location=New York |publisher=W.H. Freeman and Company |isbn=978-0-7167-1007-3 }}</ref> |- |[[Polypodiophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|[[Filice]]s e [[cavalle-caude]]s |style="text-align:right;"|11000 <ref name="Raven 2005" /> |- |rowspan="5" style=vertical-align:top;"|[[Spermatofite]]<br/>(semeferic plantes) |[[Cycadophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Cicades |style="text-align:right;"|160 <ref>{{cite book |last1=Gifford |first1=Ernest M. |first2=Adriance S. |last2=Foster |year=1988 |title=Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants |url=https://archive.org/details/morphologyevolut0000giff |edition=3rd |page=[https://archive.org/details/morphologyevolut0000giff/page/358 358] |location=New York |publisher=W.H. Freeman and Company |isbn=978-0-7167-1946-5 }}</ref> |- |[[Ginkgoales|Ginkgophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Ginkgo |style="text-align:right;"|1 <ref>{{cite book |last1=Taylor |first1=Thomas N. |first2=Edith L. |last2=Taylor |year=1993 |title=The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants |page=636 |location=New Jersey |publisher=Prentice-Hall |isbn=978-0-13-651589-0 }}</ref> |- |[[Conifer|Pinophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Coniferes |style="text-align:right;"|630 <ref name="Raven 2005" /> |- |[[Gnetophyta]] |style="text-align:left;"|Gnetofites |style="text-align:right;"|70 <ref name="Raven 2005" /> |- |[[Angiospermae]] |style="text-align:left;"|Florant plantes |style="text-align:right;"|258.650 <ref>International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 2006. ''[https://www.iucnredlist.org/ IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:Summary Statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140627094911/https://www.iucnredlist.org/ |date=27 June 2014 }}''</ref> |} Li nomination de plantes es governat per li [[International Code de Nomenclatura por algas, fungos, e plantes]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants |url=https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www.iapt-taxon.org }}</ref> e li [[International Code de Nomenclatura por Cultivat Plantes]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Gledhill |first=D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NJ6PyhVuecwC&dq=international+code+of+nomenclature+for+cultivated+plants&pg=PA26 |title=The Names of Plants |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2008 |pages=26 |isbn=978-0-5218-6645-3 }}</ref> == Evolution de plantes == Li antecessores de plantes terrestri [[Evolution de plantes|evoluet]] in [[aqua]]. Un algal scum format sur li terre 1200 Ma (million annus ante nu), ma ne til li [[Ordovician]], circa 450 Ma, que li prim terric plantes aparit, con un nivelle de organisation simil de mosses.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Taylor |first=Thomas N. |title=The Origin of Land Plants: Some Answers, More Questions |journal=Taxon |date=November 1988 |volume=37 |issue=4 |pages=805–833 |doi=10.2307/1222087 |jstor=1222087}}</ref> Tamen, li evidentie de proportiones de isotopes de [[carbon]] in [[precambrian]] [[Rocca (geologie)|roccas]] suggeste que complex plantes developat plu quam 1000 Ma.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Strother |first1=Paul K. |last2=Battison |first2=Leila |last3=Brasier |first3=Martin D. |last4=Wellman |first4=Charles H. |date=26 May 2011 |title=Earth's earliest non-marine eukaryotes |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2011-05-26_473_7348/page/505 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=473 |issue=7348 |pages=505–509 |doi=10.1038/nature09943 |pmid=21490597 |bibcode=2011Natur.473..505S |s2cid=4418860 }}</ref> Primitiv plantes terrestri devenit a diversifica in li tard [[Silurian]], circa 420 Ma. Mosses, clobbe-mosses, e filice tande apari in li registre de fossiles.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Crang |first1=Richard |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tt58DwAAQBAJ&q=plant+anatomy+a+concept-based+approach+to+the+structure+of+seed+plants |title=Plant Anatomy: A Concept-Based Approach to the Structure of Seed Plants |last2=Lyons-Sobaski |first2=Sheila |last3=Wise |first3=Robert |publisher=Springer |year=2018 |pages=17|isbn=9783319773155 }}</ref> Tost plantal anatomie es preservat in cellulari detallie in un tost [[Devonian]] assemblage de fossiles del [[Rhynie chert]]. Ti plantes esset preservat per petrification in [[chert]] format in silica-rich [[vulcan|vulcanic]] calid fontes.<ref name="GarwoodOliver2019">{{cite journal |last1=Garwood |first1=Russell J. |last2=Oliver |first2=Heather |last3=Spencer |first3=Alan R. T. |title=An introduction to the Rhynie chert |journal=Geological Magazine |volume=157 |issue=1 |year=2019 |pages=47–64 |doi=10.1017/S0016756819000670 |s2cid=182210855 |url=https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/an-introduction-to-the-rhynie-chert(19df3309-02af-4d25-b75b-1299cf541fac).html}}</ref> Al fin de lu Devonian, li majoritá del basic trates de plantes hodial esset present, includent radicas, folies, e [[Xylem|secundari ligne]] in árbor quam ''[[Archaeopteris]]''.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Beck |first=C. B. |title=The identity of Archaeopteris and Callixylon |journal=Brittonia |volume=12 |pages=351–368 |year=1960 |issue=4 |doi=10.2307/2805124 |jstor=2805124 |s2cid=27887887 }}</ref><ref name="Rothwelletal989">{{cite journal |last1=Rothwell |first1=G. W. |last2=Scheckler |first2=S. E. |last3=Gillespie |first3=W. H. |year=1989 |title=''Elkinsia'' gen. nov., a Late Devonian gymnosperm with cupulate ovules |journal=Botanical Gazette |volume=150 |issue=2 |pages=170–189 |doi=10.1086/337763 |jstor=2995234 |s2cid=84303226 }}</ref> In li [[Carboniferosi]] periode, forestes developat in paludic vicinités, dominat by clobbe-mosses e cavalle-caudes, alcun tam grande quam árbores, e li aparentie de tost [[gimnosperm]]es, li prim [[Spermatofite|semeferic plantes]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Plants |url=https://www.bgs.ac.uk/discovering-geology/fossils-and-geological-time/plants-2/ |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=[[British Geological Survey]] }}</ref> Li [[Permo-Triassic extintional eventu|grand extintion]] inter li [[Permian]] e [[Triassic]] periodes changeat radicmen li structuras de [[comunité plantal|comunités de plantes]]. <ref name="McElwain Punyasena 2007 pp. 548–557">{{cite journal |last1=McElwain |first1=Jennifer C. |last2=Punyasena |first2=Surangi W. |title=Mass extinction events and the plant fossil record |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_trends-in-ecology-evolution_2007-10_22_10/page/548 |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |volume=22 |issue=10 |year=2007 |doi=10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.003 |pages=548–557|pmid=17919771 }}</ref> To mey haver preparat conditiones por li evolution de florant plantes durante li Triassic (circa 200 Ma), con un [[adaptiv radiation]] in li [[Cretosi]] de tal rapiditá que [[Charles Darwin|Darwin]] dit it esset un "[[abominabil misterie]]".<ref name="Friedman-2009">{{Cite journal |last=Friedman |first=William E. |date=January 2009 |title=The meaning of Darwin's "abominable mystery" |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.3732/ajb.0800150 |journal=[[American Journal of Botany]] |volume=96 |issue=1 |pages=5–21 |doi=10.3732/ajb.0800150 |pmid=21628174}}</ref><ref name="Berendse Scheffer 2009 pp. 865–872">{{cite journal |last1=Berendse |first1=Frank |last2=Scheffer |first2=Marten |title=The angiosperm radiation revisited, an ecological explanation for Darwin's 'abominable mystery' |journal=Ecology Letters |volume=12 |issue=9 |year=2009 |doi=10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01342.x |pages=865–872|pmid=19572916 |pmc=2777257 }}</ref><ref name="Herendeen-2017">{{Cite journal |last1=Herendeen |first1=Patrick S. |last2=Friis |first2=Else Marie |last3=Pedersen |first3=Kaj Raunsgaard |last4=Crane |first4=Peter R. |date=2017-03-03 |title=Palaeobotanical redux: revisiting the age of the angiosperms |url=https://rdcu.be/c0Zhm |journal=[[Nature Plants]] |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=17015 |doi=10.1038/nplants.2017.15 |pmid=28260783 |s2cid=205458714 }}</ref> [[Conifere]]s diversificat del tard Triassic adavan, e ili deveni un dominant parte de floras durante lu [[Jurassic]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Atkinson |first1=Brian A. |last2=Serbet |first2=Rudolph |last3=Hieger |first3=Timothy J. |last4=Taylor |first4=Edith L. |date=October 2018 |title=Additional evidence for the Mesozoic diversification of conifers: Pollen cone of Chimaerostrobus minutus gen. et sp. nov. (Coniferales), from the Lower Jurassic of Antarctica |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0034666717302543 |journal=Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology |volume=257 |pages=77–84 |doi=10.1016/j.revpalbo.2018.06.013 |bibcode=2018RPaPa.257...77A |s2cid=133732087}}</ref><ref name="Leslie etal-2018">{{Cite journal |last1=Leslie |first1=Andrew B. |last2=Beaulieu |first2=Jeremy |last3=Holman |first3=Garth |last4=Campbell |first4=Christopher S. |last5=Mei |first5=Wenbin |last6=Raubeson |first6=Linda R. |last7=Mathews |first7=Sarah |date=September 2018 |title=An overview of extant conifer evolution from the perspective of the fossil record |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ajb2.1143 |journal=American Journal of Botany |volume=105 |issue=9 |pages=1531–1544 |doi=10.1002/ajb2.1143 |pmid=30157290 |s2cid=52120430 }}</ref> ==Vide anc== * [[Biologie]] ** [[Botanica]] * [[Ecologie de plantes]] * [[Identfication de plantes]] * [[Fisiologie de plantes]] ==Referenties== <references/> [[Categorie:Plante]] [[Categorie:Biologie]] rae0spwmtwgnsevuk8ep35ah70v1czq 0 18792 168987 157097 2026-08-26T20:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 14934 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260826sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 168987 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Fungi_collage.jpg|thumb|In sensu horlogic del levul superiori: <br>''[[Amanita muscaria]]'', un basidiomicete; <br>''[[Sarcoscypha coccinea]]'', un ascomicete; <br>[[pan]] covrit de [[mofa]]; <br>un [[Chytridiomycota|chytrid]]; <br>un [[conidiofore]] de ''[[Aspergillus]]''.]] Un '''fungo''' es un membre de un gruppe grand de organismes [[Eukaryota|eukaryotic]] que include microorganismes quam [[leven]]es, [[mofa]]es, e li familiari [[champinion]]es. Ti organismes es classificat quam un [[Reyia (biologie)|reyia]], '''Fungi''', que es separat del [[plante]]s, [[animale]]s, e [[bacterie]]s. Un diferentie majori es que cellules fungal have [[parete cellulari|paretes cellulari]] que contene [[chitine]], in vice de [[cellulose]] in li paretes cellulari de plantes. Tis e altri diferenties monstra que fungos forma un singul gruppe de afini organismes, nominat li ''Eumycota'' (''ver fungos'' o ''Eumycetes''), que have un [[antecessor comun]] (un ''gruppe [[monofilitic]]''). Ti gruppe fungal es distint del structuralmen simil [[myxomycetes]] (mofas limosi) e [[oomycetes]] (mofas aquatic). Li discipline de [[biologie]] devotat al studie de fungos es savet quam [[micologie]]. Micologie sovente have esset regardat quam un branche de [[botanica]], malgré fungos nu esser un separat reyia in [[taxonomie biologic]]. Studies genetic have monstrat que li fungos es plu afini al animales quam al plantes (ambi fungos e animales es membres del gruppe [[Opisthokont|Opisthokonta]], ma plantes es classificat in li gruppe [[Bikont|Bikonta]]). Abundant mundialmen, max mult del fungos es ínremarcabil pro li micri dimensiones de lor structuras e lor [[Cripse|criptic]] stiles vivic, sur materiale mort, e quam [[Simbiose|simbiontes]] de plantes, animales, o altri fungos. Ili posse devenir observabil quande [[Sporocarpe (fungo)|fructificar]], o quam champiniones o mufas. Fungos have un rol essential in li decomposition de materiale organic e have roles fundamental in [[cicle biogeochimic|cicles e exchange de nutrientes]]. Ili ha longmen esset usat quam un fonte de nutriment, quam champiniones e [[truffle]]s, quam un agente [[Leven|Levanant]] por pan, e in [[Fermentation (aliment)|fermentation]] de varie productes alimentari, quam [[vin]], [[bir]], e [[sauce de soya]]. Desde li 1940s, fungo ha esset usat por li production de [[antibiotic]]s, e plu recentemen varie [[enzime]]s productet per fungos es usat industrialmen e in [[protease|detergentes]]. Fungos anc es usat quam [[pesticides biologic]] a controlar malherbes, maladies de plantes, e [[insecte]]s nociv. Multi species producte composites [[bioactiv]] nominat [[micotoxin]]es, quam [[alcaloide]]s e [[poliketide]]s, que es toxic a animales includent homes. Li córpores fructiferi de un poc species contene composites [[psichotropic]]. Fungos posse decomposir materiales manufacturate e edificies, e ili posse devenir significant [[fungo patogenic|patogene]]s de homes e animales. Perdes de recoltes pro maladies fungal (p.ex., deterioration de aliment posse haver un colpe grand a provisiones de alimentes human e economies local. Li reyia fungal include un enorm diversitá de [[taxon|taxones]] con ecologies variat, strategies de [[stiles vivic (biologie)|stil vivic]], e [[morfologie (biologie)|morfologies]], extender de unicellulari aquatic [[chytrid]]es a [[champinion]]es grand. Tamen, micri es savet del actual [[biodiversitá]] del Reyia Fungi, quel ha esset estimat de 1,5 million a 5 million species, con circa 5% de les ha esset classificat formalmen. Desde li pionerant ovres [[taxonomie|taxonomic]] ye li 18im e 19im secules de [[Carl Linnaeus]], [[Christian Hendrik Persoon]], e [[Elias Magnus Fries]], fungos ha esset [[classification biologic|classificat]] secun lor morfologie (p.ex., trates quam li color de spores o trates microscopic) o [[fisiologie]]. Avanses in [[genetica moleculari]] ha apertet li via por [[sequentie del ADN|ADN analise]] de esser incorporat ad-in taxonomie, quel ha defiat ocasionalmen li gruppes historic basat sur morfologie e altri trates. Studies [[filogenetic]] publicat in li 21im secul ha reformat li classification de Reyia Fungi, quel es dividet ad-in un [[gradu taxonomic|subreyia]], sett [[filo]]s, e deci [[subfilo]]s. == Trates == [[Image:HYPHAE.png|thumb|'''Cellules de Fungal Hifas'''<br /> 1- Parete hifal 2- Septo 3- [[Mitochondrie]] 4- [[Vacuole]] 5- Cristalle de [[ergosterol]] 6- [[Ribosome]] 7- [[Nucleo cellulari|Nucleo]] 8- [[Reticulum endoplasmic]] 9- [[Córpor lipidic]] 10- [[Membrane plasmatic]] 11- [[Spitzenkörper]] 12- [[Aparate de Golgi]]]] Ante li introduction de [[filogenetica moleculari|metodes moleculari]] por analyse filogenetic, [[taxonomie|taxonomistes]] considerat fungos esser membres del [[Plante|Reyia Planta]], pro que lor similaritás in stil vivic: ambi fungos e plantes es principalmen [[sessilitá (zoologie)|ínmobil]], e have simil general morfologies e hábitus de crescentie. Simil a plantes, fungos sovent cresce in suol, e [[champinion]]es particularmen forma [[córpor fructiferi|córpores fructiferi]] prominent, quel quelcvez simila plantes quam [[mosse]]s. Li fungos nu es considerat un reyia separat, distint de ambi plantes e animales, de quel ili apara a haver diverget ante circa un milliard annus.<ref name=Bruns2006>{{cite journal |author=Bruns T. |year=2006 |title=Evolutionary biology: a kingdom revised |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2006-10-19_443_7113/page/758 |journal=Nature |volume=443 |issue=7113 |pages=758–761 |pmid=17051197 |doi=10.1038/443758a|bibcode = 2006Natur.443..758B }}</ref> ==Vide anc== * [[Biologie]] ** [[Micologie]] * [[Infectiones fungal]] * [[Plante]] ==Referenties== <references/> [[Categorie:Fungo]] [[Categorie:Biologie]] hq1mkl6rnmn48yls78q6pxgevnogimw 0 18793 168993 156803 2026-08-26T20:37:26Z InternetArchiveBot 14934 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260826sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 168993 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Image:Protist collage.jpg|thumb|Pluri diferent species de protistes]] Li '''protistes''' es un gruppe diversi de [[microorganisme]]s [[eukaryote|eukaryotic]]. Historicamen, protistes esset tractat quam un [[reyia (biologie)|reyia biologic]] formalmen nominat li '''Protista''', e includet generalmen [[organisme]]s [[Organisme unicellulari|unicellulari]] que ne apartene in li altri reyias. Information moleculari ha esset usat a redefinir ti gruppe in modern [[Taxonomie (biologie)|taxonomie]] quam diversi e sovente distantemen afini [[filo]]s. Li gruppe de protistes nu es considerat de significar diversi filos que ne es proximem afini per evolution e have diferent [[cicle vital biologic|cicles vital]], nivelles [[trofic]], [[motilitá|modes de locomotion]], e structuras cellulari.<ref name=Simonite2005>{{cite journal |author=Simonite T |title=Protists push animals aside in rule revamp |journal=Nature |volume=438 |issue=7064 |pages=8–9 |year=2005 |month=November |pmid=16267517 |doi=10.1038/438008b |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_nature-uk_2005-11-03_438_7064/page/n25}}</ref><ref name="isbn1-4051-4157-3">{{cite book |author=Harper, David; Benton, Michael |title=Introduction to Paleobiology and the Fossil Record |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |location= |year=2009 |pages=207 |isbn=1-4051-4157-3 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> Ultra lor relativmen simplic nivelles de organisation, li protistes ne have multcós in comun.<ref name="urlSystematics of the Eukaryota">{{cite web |url=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/alllife/eukaryotasy.html |title=Systematics of the Eukaryota |work= |accessdate=2009-05-31}}</ref> Tis es unicellulari, o tis es [[Organisme multicellulari|multicellulari]] sin [[histe]]s specialisat, e ti simplic organisation cellulari distinte li protistes de alteri eukaryotes, quam [[fungo]]s, [[animal|animales]], e [[plante]]s. Li término ''protiste'' esset usat primmen per [[Ernst Haeckel]] in 1866. Protistes esset traditionalmen subdividet ad-in pluri gruppes basat sur similaritás al reyias plu alte: li unicellulari "animaloid" [[protozoon]]es, li "plantoid" [[protofyte]]s (in li majori parte unicellulari [[alga]]s), e li "fungoid" [[mofa limosi|mofas limosi]] e [[mofa aquatic|mofas aquatic]]. Ti subdivisiones traditional, basat grandmen sur comunalitás superficial, ha esset viceat per nov [[Classfication biologic|classificationes]] basat sur [[filogenetica]] (afinitá [[evolution]]ari intra organismes). Tamen, plu ancian términos es usat ancor quam nómines ínformal a descrir li [[morfologie (biologie)|morfologie]] e [[ecologie]] de protistes varie. Protistes vive in quasi omni vicinités que contene aqua liquid. Multi protistes, quam li [[alga]]s, es [[fotosinthese|fotosinthetic]] e es vital [[productor primari|productores primari]] in ecosistemas, particularmen in li [[ocean]]es as parte del [[plancton]]. Altri protistes, quam li [[Kinetoplastid]]es e [[Apicomplexe]]s, causa un numero de maladies seriose de humanos, quam [[malaria]] e [[African trypanosomiase|maladie dorment]]. Li studie de protistes es nominat [[protistologie]]. ==Vide anc== * [[Alga]] * [[Biologie]] ** [[Protistologie]] * [[Eukaryote]] * [[Microorganisme]] * [[Organisme unicellulari]] ==Referenties== <references/> [[Categorie:Protiste]] [[Categorie:Biologie]] sqg4llevjsd9nzx84d3zk9ajwpvhgh8 0 20909 168988 167315 2026-08-26T20:34:24Z InternetArchiveBot 14934 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260826sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 168988 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Libre | titul = Fundationes de geopolitica | original_titul = | image = | autor = [[Aleksandr Dugin]] | land = [[Russia]] | annu = 1997 | lingue = [[Russ]] }} Li '''Fundationes de geopolitica: li futur geopolitic de Russia''' (Основы геополитики: геополитическое будущее России) es un libre de geopolitica de [[Aleksandr Dugin]]. Su publication in 1997 esset ben recivet in [[Russia]]; it ha havet un influentie significativ intre li armé russ, li policieros, e li élites del plan de action exterior,<ref name="HI01">{{cite web|url=http://www.hoover.org/research/russias-new-and-frightening-ism|title=Russia's New—and Frightening—'Ism'|last=Dunlop|first=John B.|date=July 30, 2004|publisher=Hoover Institution|access-date=12 October 2017}}</ref> e ha esset usat quam un libre de textu in li Academie del Personale General del armé russ.<ref name="HI01"/><ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/27/geopolitics-russia-mackinder-eurasia-heartland-dugin-ukraine-eurasianism-manifest-destiny-putin/|title=The Unlikely Origins of Russia's Manifest Destiny|website=Foreign Policy|date=27 July 2016 |access-date=2017-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160727220120/https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/07/27/geopolitics-russia-mackinder-eurasia-heartland-dugin-ukraine-eurasianism-manifest-destiny-putin/|archive-date=2016-07-27|url-status=live}}</ref> Potent figure politic russ prendet subsequentmen un interesse in Dugin,<ref name="Liverant">{{cite journal|last=Liverant|first=Yigal|date=Winter 2009|title=The Prophet of the New Russian Empire|journal=Azure|publisher=Shalem Center|location=Jerusalem|issue=35|issn=0793-6664|url=http://azure.org.il/include/print.php?id=483|access-date=2015-04-06}}</ref> un analiste politic russ que suporta un ideologie ultranationaliste e de extrem dextre fundat sur ti-ci idé de neoeurasianisme,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Shekhovtsov|first1=Anton|last2=Umland|first2=Andreas|title=Is Aleksandr Dugin a Traditionalist? 'Neo-Eurasianism' and Perennial Philosophy|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_russian-review_2009-10_68_4/page/662|jstor=20621114|journal=[[The Russian Review]]|volume=68|number=4|pages=662–678|date=October 2009|publisher=[[Wiley (publisher)|Wiley]]|doi=10.1111/j.1467-9434.2009.00544.x}}</ref> qui ha developat un relation proxim con li academie russ de personale general.<ref name="Lavelle">{{cite book|last=Lavelle|first=Peter|title=Uncovering Russia (excerpt: A civil society without civility)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0qQixjX1hwoC&q=Gennady+Seleznyov+dugin+-during&pg=PA380|year=2003|publisher=Norasco Publishing|isbn=0972970800|pages=379–380}}</ref> == Referenties == <references/> [[Categorie:Libres]] hk4j1xy06xjoznjj1x7zfv01xmjjucf 0 20913 168989 167329 2026-08-26T20:35:18Z InternetArchiveBot 14934 Add 1 book for [[en:Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] (20260826sim)) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) ([[User:GreenC bot|GreenC bot]] 168989 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:N-Mesopotamia and Syria english.svg|197px|right]] '''Mesopotamia''' es un historic region de Asia occidental localisat in li sistem de fluvies Tigris-[[Eufrates]], in li parte nord del Crescente Fertil. It corresponde aproximativmen al territorie del modern [[Irak]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Seymour |first=Michael |date=2004 |title=Ancient Mesopotamia and Modern Iraq in the British Press, 1980–2003 |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_current-anthropology_2004-06_45_3/page/351 |journal=Current Anthropology |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=351–368 |doi=10.1086/383004 |jstor=10.1086/383004 |s2cid=224788984 |issn=0011-3204 }}</ref> Just ultra jace sud-west [[Iran]], u li region transitiona ad-in li plató Persian, marcante li change del munde arabic a Iran.<ref>A. Leo Oppenheim, Ancient Mesopotamia: Portrait of a Dead Civilization, rev. ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977).</ref> == Referenties == <references/> [[Categorie:Mesopotamia]] cadtatouu55f9kq9o1x1u3hye3s3ofg 0 21225 168978 2026-08-26T19:36:57Z Dorlota 13847 Creat págine contenente «[[File:Lake_Sevan._View_from_Yerevan-Tbilisi_highway.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Li Lago Sevan]] Li '''Lago Sevan''' ([[armenien]]: (armenisch Սևանա լիճ Sewana litsch) es un [[lago]] in [[Armenia]]. It es situat in li ost del land e apartene al [[Provincia Gegahrtunik]] in proximitá al frontiera con [[Azerbaidjan]]. Li lago have un longore de 78 kilometres e un largore de maxim 56 kilometres. Li Lago Sevan es con un area de 1272 quadrat-kilometres li max gr...» 168978 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lake_Sevan._View_from_Yerevan-Tbilisi_highway.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Li Lago Sevan]] Li '''Lago Sevan''' ([[armenien]]: (armenisch Սևանա լիճ Sewana litsch) es un [[lago]] in [[Armenia]]. It es situat in li ost del land e apartene al [[Provincia Gegahrtunik]] in proximitá al frontiera con [[Azerbaidjan]]. Li lago have un longore de 78 kilometres e un largore de maxim 56 kilometres. Li Lago Sevan es con un area de 1272 quadrat-kilometres li max grand lago de dulci aqua in li tot region del [[Caucás]]. It es situat in un altore de 1900 metres. Li Lago Sevan es li triesim max grand lago, quel es situat in un montania. Li lago es circumdat de quar montanias. In li nord del lago es li [[Montania de Sevan]], in li ost li [[Montania de Ost-Sevan]], in li sud li [[Vardenis Montania]] e in li west li [[Gegham Montania]]. Li lago have un grand economic, cultural e recreativ importantie por [[Armenia]]<ref>Jasmine Dum-Tragut: Armenien. 3000 Jahre Kultur zwischen Ost und West, Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2024 (11-im edition), p. 392.</ref> ==Referenties== [[Categorie: Armenia] [[Categorie: Lagos]] e0ci4zvjy7g9hb1dkq9ok4cs240dd90 168979 168978 2026-08-26T19:37:09Z Dorlota 13847 168979 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lake_Sevan._View_from_Yerevan-Tbilisi_highway.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Li Lago Sevan]] Li '''Lago Sevan''' ([[armenien]]: (armenisch Սևանա լիճ Sewana litsch) es un [[lago]] in [[Armenia]]. It es situat in li ost del land e apartene al [[Provincia Gegahrtunik]] in proximitá al frontiera con [[Azerbaidjan]]. Li lago have un longore de 78 kilometres e un largore de maxim 56 kilometres. Li Lago Sevan es con un area de 1272 quadrat-kilometres li max grand lago de dulci aqua in li tot region del [[Caucás]]. It es situat in un altore de 1900 metres. Li Lago Sevan es li triesim max grand lago, quel es situat in un montania. Li lago es circumdat de quar montanias. In li nord del lago es li [[Montania de Sevan]], in li ost li [[Montania de Ost-Sevan]], in li sud li [[Vardenis Montania]] e in li west li [[Gegham Montania]]. Li lago have un grand economic, cultural e recreativ importantie por [[Armenia]]<ref>Jasmine Dum-Tragut: Armenien. 3000 Jahre Kultur zwischen Ost und West, Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2024 (11-im edition), p. 392.</ref> ==Referenties== [[Categorie: Armenia]] [[Categorie: Lagos]] j1vqtmnb2h7iz849wtocl3yb6o9680w 168980 168979 2026-08-26T19:37:43Z Dorlota 13847 168980 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Lake_Sevan._View_from_Yerevan-Tbilisi_highway.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Li Lago Sevan]] Li '''Lago Sevan''' ([[armenian]]: (armenisch Սևանա լիճ Sewana litsch) es un [[lago]] in [[Armenia]]. It es situat in li ost del land e apartene al [[Provincia Gegahrtunik]] in proximitá al frontiera con [[Azerbaidjan]]. Li lago have un longore de 78 kilometres e un largore de maxim 56 kilometres. Li Lago Sevan es con un area de 1272 quadrat-kilometres li max grand lago de dulci aqua in li tot region del [[Caucás]]. It es situat in un altore de 1900 metres. Li Lago Sevan es li triesim max grand lago, quel es situat in un montania. Li lago es circumdat de quar montanias. In li nord del lago es li [[Montania de Sevan]], in li ost li [[Montania de Ost-Sevan]], in li sud li [[Vardenis Montania]] e in li west li [[Gegham Montania]]. Li lago have un grand economic, cultural e recreativ importantie por [[Armenia]]<ref>Jasmine Dum-Tragut: Armenien. 3000 Jahre Kultur zwischen Ost und West, Trescher Verlag, Berlin 2024 (11-im edition), p. 392.</ref> ==Referenties== [[Categorie: Armenia]] [[Categorie: Lagos]] hdhmy8m25llmpcvegjcxsyy736yudk9