Wikipedia iewiki https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal_p%C3%A1gine MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.19 first-letter Media Special Discussion Usator Usator Discussion Wikipedia Wikipedia Discussion File File Discussion MediaWiki MediaWiki Discussion Avise Avise Discussion Auxilie Auxilie Discussion Categorie Categorie Discussion TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk Cristianisme 0 3320 169097 160290 2026-09-10T23:22:19Z Lanceperry2018 12630 Grand expansion e actualisation del articul: historie, credenties, principal traditiones, Bible, cultu, festas, ecumenisme, distribution mundial e referenties. 169097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright]] '''Cristianisme''' o '''christianisme''' es un [[religion]] monoteistic basat sur li vive e doctrinas de [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], quem cristianes considera li [[Crist]] (Messia), li Filio de Deo e li Salvator del homanité. Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in [[Judea]], in li contextu del [[Judaisme]], e gradualmen expandet tra li Roman Imperia e plu tard tra li munde. Cristianes nomina se adherentes de Jesu Crist. Li [[Bible]] es li sant scritura del cristianisme e consiste del [[Old Testament]] e li [[Nov Testament]]. Li Nov Testament contene li quar Evangelies, quel descri li vive, ministerie, morte e resurrection de Jesu, quam anc scrites pri li prim cristian comunidades. Cristianisme es li max grand religion del munde. Secun un studie publicat del Pew Research Center in 2025, circa '''2,3 milliard''' persones esset cristianes in 2020, representante circa '''28,8 percent''' del population del munde.<ref name="Pew2025">[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ «How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020»], ''Pew Research Center'', 9 junio 2025.</ref> Li max grand traditiones del cristianisme es li [[Catolicisme]], li [[Ortodoxisme]] e li [[Protestantisme]]. Altri antiqui traditiones include li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias e li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]]. Protestantisme self include numerosi traditiones quam [[Lutheranisme]], [[Calvinisme]], [[Anglicanisme]], [[Baptisme]], [[Metodisme]] e [[Pentecostalisme]]. == Historie == === Jesu e li origine del cristianisme === Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in Roman-governat Judea. Su central figure es [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], un judéic predicator e religiosi instructor. Secun li Nov Testament, Jesu predicat li regne de Deo, vocat persones al repentance, instructet discipules e executet miracules. Il esset crucificat in [[Jerusalem]] durant li administration del roman prefect [[Pontius Pilatus]]. Cristianes crede que Jesu mortet por li peccas del homanité e que Deo resuscitat le del mortes. Li fide in li resurrection de Jesu devenit un central element del cristian proclamation. Li unesim adherentes de Jesu esset principalmen judéic. Pos su morte, su discipules comensat predicar que il esset li promess Messia. Li movement gradualmen includet plu mult non-judéic adherentes. === Li apostolic periode === Li unesim generation del cristianisme es sovente nominat li '''periode apostolic'''. Li [[Apostoles]] e altri missionarios etablisset cristian comunidades in divers partes del Roman Imperia. [[Paulus de Tarsus]], originalmen un persecutor del cristian movement secun li Nov Testament, devenit un de su max important missionarios. Su epistoles constitue un important parte del Nov Testament. Durant li unesim secules, cristianisme expandet tra regiones quam Asia Minor, Grecia, Siria, Egipt, Nord Africa e Italia. [[File:Christ Icon Sinai 6th century.jpg|thumb|right|190px|Icon de Crist Pantocrator del 6-esim secul, conservat in li monastere de Santa Caterina sur Sinai.]] === Cristianisme in li Roman Imperia === Cristianes periodicmen suffret persecution sub roman autoritás, benque li intensitá e extension del persecution variat secun periode e region. Un important change evenit in li 4-esim secul sub imperator [[Constantine li Grand]]. Li Edicte de Milan de 313 permisset cristianes practicar lor religion plu líbermen. In 325 Constantine convocat li '''[[Concilium de Nicaea]]''', un assemblé de episcopes convocat precipue por tractar un controverse pri li relation inter Jesu Crist e Deo li Patre. Li concilium formulat li base del [[Crede Nicen]], quel devenit un fundamental expression del cristian fide.<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/book/11236/chapter-abstract/159757456 Mark S. Smith, «The Council of Nicaea and Its Early Reception»], in ''The Idea of Nicaea in the Early Church Councils, AD 431–451'', Oxford University Press, 2018.</ref> [[File:First Council of Nicaea Michael Damaskinos.png|thumb|left|250px|Un posterior artistic representation del unesim Concilium de Nicaea, quel evenit in 325.]] Durant li sequent secules, altri important concilies tractat questiones concernent li Trinitá, li natura de Crist e altri doctrinal temas. === Divisiones in li antiqui ecclesia === Doctrinal controverses gradualmen contribuet al formation de distinct cristian traditiones. Pos li [[Concilium de Chalcedon]] in 451, pluri ecclesias ne acceptat li cristologic formulation del concilium. Ex ti historie developat li traditiones hodie conosset quam li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''', includent li Coptic, Armenian e Syriac traditiones. Li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]], quel developat principalmen extra li Roman Imperia, anc se developat quam un distinct tradition. === Oriente e Occidente === Durante li unesim millennium, cultural, linguistic, politic e teologic diferenties developat inter li cristian Oriente, centrat principalmen in Constantinopole, e li latin Occidente, u li episcop de Roma obtenet un specialmen important position. Li separation inter li occidental e oriental ecclesias developat gradualmen durant secules. Li annu '''1054''' es conventionalmen associat con li [[Grand Schisma]] inter li Ecclesia de Roma e li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias, benque li separation esset un long historic process. Ex ti separation developat du del max grand traditiones del cristianisme: li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] in li Occidente e li [[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox ecclesias]] in li Oriente. === Reformation protestant === In li 16-esim secul, un major religiosi movement conosset quam li '''[[Reformation protestant]]''' changeat li cristianisme in Europa. [[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Porträt Martin Luther (1526).jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Martin Luther]], un del principal figures del Reformation protestant, in un portrete de [[Lucas Cranach li Senior]] de 1526.]] In 1517 li german monaco e teologo [[Martin Luther]] publicat su famosi 95 tesis, criticante cert practicas del occidental ecclesia. Su controverse con li ecclesiastic autoritás developat in un plu larg dispute pri temas quam justification, li autorité del Bible, sacramentes e ecclesiastic autorité. Altri reformatores, includent [[Huldrych Zwingli]] e [[Jean Calvin]], developat altri protestant traditiones. In Anglia, li separation del [[Ecclesia de Anglia]] de papal autorité contribuet al developation del [[Anglicanisme]]. Li Reformation eventualmen productet numerosi protestant traditiones, includent Lutheran, Reformat, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist e plu tard Pentecostal ecclesias. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] respondet con propri reformas e li [[Concilium de Trento]], un periode sovente nominat li Catolic Reformation o Contra-Reformation. === Expansion mundial === Desde li 16-esim secul, cristianisme expandet plu largmen tra Africa, li Americas, Asia e Oceania per migration, missionari activitá, comercie e europan colonial expansion. Ti historie includet tam religiosi e educational activitá quam relationes con colonial potenties. In divers regiones cristian missionarios creat ecclesias, scoles, hospitales e charitable institutiones, durante que li relation inter mission e colonialisme anc productet important historic controverses. Durant li 20-esim e 21-esim secules, li geographic centre del cristian population changeat considerabilmen. Grand e crescent cristian populationes existe in Africa, Latin America e partes de Asia, durante que li proportion de cristianes ha diminuet in mult partes de Europa e Nord America. == Credenties == Pro li grand diversitá del cristianisme, ne omni ecclesias interpreta omni doctrines in li sam maniere. Támen, mult cristian traditiones comparte un comun nucleu de credenties. === Deo e li Trinitá === Li majorité del cristianes crede in un sol [[Deo]]. Li traditional doctrine del '''[[Trinitá]]''' enseña que li unic Deo existe quam tri persones: li [[Deo li Patre|Patre]], li [[Jesu Crist|Filio]] e li [[Sant Spirite]]. Ti doctrine esset formulat plu precisimen durant li doctrinal controverses del unesim secules e es expresset in li Nicen tradition del fide. === Jesu Crist === Jesu Crist es li central figure del cristian fide. Traditional cristian doctrine afirma que Jesu es tam ver Deo quam ver hom. Cristianes crede que il esset incarnat, nascet de [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]], predicat li regne de Deo, esset crucificat, mortet e esset resuscitat del mortes. Li major cristian traditiones considera su morte e resurrection quam central por li reconciliation inter Deo e homanité. === Salvation === Cristianes crede que homanité besona salvation del peccá e reconciliation con Deo. Li exact explication del salvation varia inter cristian traditiones. Temas quam gratia, fide, repentance, bon labores, sacramentes, sanctification e li role del ecclesia es accentuat in diferent manieres de Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant teologies. Malgré ti diferenties, li major traditiones associa salvation fundamentalmen con li vive, morte e resurrection de Jesu Crist. === Resurrection e etern vive === Cristianisme enseña li resurrection del mortes e un final judicie de Deo. Cristian traditiones generalmen crede in etern vive con Deo e in li realitá del separation de Deo, tradicionalmen descrit con conceptes quam ciel e inferne. Exact interpretationes de ti doctrines varia inter ecclesias e teologic traditiones. == Bible == Li '''[[Bible]]''' es li collection de scrites considerat sant del cristianes. It consiste de du principal partes: * li '''[[Old Testament]]''', contenent scrites hereditat principalmen del antiqui israelit e judéic tradition; * li '''[[Nov Testament]]''', quel contene 27 libres pri Jesu Crist e li unesim cristian movement. Li Nov Testament include li quar [[Evangelie]]s de Matthew, Marcus, Lucas e Johannes; li Actes del Apostoles; li epistoles; e li Libre del Revelation. Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant traditiones have alcun diferenties in li canon del Old Testament, significante que lor editiones del Bible ne contene exactmen li sam collection de libres. Interpretation del Bible anc varia. Alcun traditiones accentua li relation inter Scritura e ecclesiastic tradition, durante que mult Protestant traditiones accentua li principie de ''sola Scriptura'', secun quel Scritura es li suprem autorité por cristian doctrine. == Principal traditiones == Cristianisme consiste de mult ecclesias, denominationes e traditiones. Classification posse variar, ma pluri grand families es generalmen reconosset.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/church-families «Church families»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Catolicisme === Li '''[[Catolicisme]]''' es li max grand individual tradition del cristianisme. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] consiste del Latin Ecclesia e li Oriental Catolic ecclesias, omni in communion con li episcop de Roma, conosset quam li [[Pape]]. Catolicisme accentua li Bible e Sant Tradition, li historic succession del episcopes, e li sacramental vive del ecclesia. It reconosse septe sacramentes, includent baptisme, Eucharistie e confirmation. === Oriental Ortodoxisme === Li '''[[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox Ecclesia]]''' consiste de un comunité de autonom e autocefal ecclesias, includent li Grec, Russ, Serbian, Romanian e altri Ortodox ecclesias. Ili comparte un comun sacramental e teologic tradition e reconosse li unesim septe ecumenic concilies. Ili ne have un singul universal episcop con li autorité quel li Pape have in Catolicisme. === Oriental Ortodox ecclesias === Li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''' include li Coptic Ortodox, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac Ortodox, Ethiopian Ortodox Tewahedo, Eritrean Ortodox Tewahedo e Malankara Ortodox Syrian ecclesias. Ti ecclesias accepta li unesim tri ecumenic concilies ma ne acceptat li definition del Concilium de Chalcedon de 451. Ili representa un antiqui cristian tradition distinct de tam Catolicisme quam li Oriental Ortodox tradition. === Protestantisme === Li '''[[Protestantisme]]''' originat principalmen del Reformation del 16-esim secul. Protestantisme ne es un singul ecclesia. It include mult ecclesiastic families, quam: * [[Lutheranisme]]; * traditiones Reformat e [[Calvinisme|Calvinist]]; * [[Anglicanisme]]; * [[Anabaptisme]]; * [[Baptisme]]; * [[Metodisme]]; * [[Pentecostalisme]]; * mult evangelical e independent ecclesias. Protestant traditiones varia considerabilmen in organisation, cultu e teologie, ma historicmen accentua doctrines quam justification per fide e li autorité del Scritura. == Ecclesia e ministerie == Li terme '''[[Ecclesia]]''' posse significar un local congregation, un particular denomination o, in teologic sense, li universal comunité de cristian credentes. Formes de ecclesiastic guvernament varia. Catolic, Ortodox, Anglican e alcun altri ecclesias usa episcopal structures con episcopes. Presbyterian e Reformat traditiones posse esser guvernat de concilies de presbiteros. Mult Baptist e independent ecclesias practica congregational guvernament. Cristian conductores posse esser nominat pastores, sacerdotes, presbiteros, episcopes, diacones o altri titules, dependent del tradition. == Sacramentes e cultu == Cristian cultu varia considerabilmen inter traditiones e culturas. Comun elementes include prega, letion del Bible, predication, cantation e celebration de sacramentes o ordinanties. === Baptisme === '''[[Baptisme]]''' es un ritual de initiation practicat de quasi omni major cristian traditiones. It usa aqua e es associat con admission al cristian comunité. Catolic, Ortodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri ecclesias practica baptisme de infantes. Baptist e mult evangelical traditiones ordinarmen baptisa solmen persones qui personalmen professe lor fide. Li metode posse includer immersion, infusion o aspersion de aqua. === Eucharistie === Li '''[[Eucharistie]]''', anc nominat Sant Communion o Cena del Senior, commemora li ultim cena de Jesu con su discipules. Catolic e Ortodox traditiones considera li Eucharistie un sacrament in quel Crist es realmen present. Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri Protestant traditiones have diferent interpretationes del presentie de Crist. Alcun Protestant gruppes considera li Cena precipue quam un memorial. == Cristian vive e etica == Cristian etica es basat sur li doctrinas del Bible e li interpretationes de diferent ecclesiastic traditiones. Li du comandamentes de amar Deo e amar li proxim es central in li moral instruction atribuet a Jesu. Li [[Deci Comandamentes]] anc ha un important role in cristian moral tradition. Cristian etica ha tractat temas quam familie, sexualitá, justicie, guerra e pace, richesse e povritá, cura del malades, protection del vulnerabiles e responsabilitá por li creation. Exact moral positiones varia inter ecclesias e denominationes. == Prega e spiritualitá == Prega es un fundamental practica del cristian vive. It posse esser individual o comunal, spontan o liturgic. Li '''[[Patre Nor]]''', quel li Evangelies atribue a Jesu, es un del max universalmen usat cristian preges. Altri spiritual practicas include meditation del Scritura, jejun, cantation de hymnes, peregrination e actes de caritá. Catolic, Ortodox e alcun Anglican e Lutheran traditiones anc practica devotion relacionat con [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]] e li [[sant]]es. Mult Protestant traditiones ne practica invocation del santes e accentua direct prega a Deo. == Festas del cristianisme == Li cristian calendare varia inter traditiones, ma pluri festas es largmen celebrat. === Crist-nascentie === '''[[Crist-nascentie]]''' celebra li nascentie de Jesu Crist. In mult occidental ecclesias it es celebrat li 25 decembre. Alcun Oriental ecclesias usa un diferent calendare e celebra li festa in un diferent civil date. === Pasca === '''[[Pasca]]''' commemora li resurrection de Jesu del mortes e es li central annual festa in mult cristian traditiones. It es precedet del Sant Semane, quel commemora li ultim dies, crucifixion e morte de Jesu. === Pentecost === '''[[Pentecost]]''' commemora li descense del Sant Spirite sur li discipules de Jesu, racontat in li Actes del Apostoles. Altri important festas include [[Epifanie]], [[Sant Venerdí]] e, in mult traditiones, Ascension. == Cristianisme in li munde == Cristianisme es un global religion con adherentes in quasi omni landes. [[File:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 027 - A church service in a modern church - Kigali.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Un cristian servicie in Kigali, Rwanda, in 2021. Africa es hodie un del major centres del global cristianisme.]] Secun li Pew Research Center, cristianes numerat circa 2,3 milliard in 2020, o 28,8 percent del population mundial. Cristianes restat li max grand religiosi gruppe, ma lor proportion del global population diminuet inter 2010 e 2020.<ref name="Pew2025" /> Li geographic distribution del cristianisme ha changeat considerabilmen durant su historie. Durant mult secules Europa esset un principal centre del cristian munde, ma hodie grand cristian populationes existe in Latin America, Africa, Nord America e partes de Asia. Cristianisme es culturalmen e linguisticmen divers. Formes de cultu, musica, ecclesiastic organisation e local traditiones posse variar mult inter regiones, mem quande congregationes comparte li sam basic confession de fide. == Ecumenisme == '''Ecumenisme''' es li movement por plu grand cooperation e unitá inter cristian ecclesias. Durant li 20-esim secul mult denominationes developat formal dialogues e cooperative organisationes. Li '''[[World Council of Churches]]''', fundat in 1948, include mult Ortodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Reformat, Methodist, Baptist e altri ecclesias.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches «Member churches»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> Li Ecclesia Catolic ne es membre del World Council of Churches, ma coopera con it in divers manieres e participa in numerosi ecumenic dialogues. Important doctrinal diferenties continua existir inter cristian traditiones, includent questiones pri ecclesiastic autorité, li papatu, sacramentes, ministerie, justification e interpretation del Scritura. == Relationes con altri religiones == Cristianisme originat ex li religiosi e cultural ambiente del [[Judaisme]], e li Old Testament del cristian Bible deriva del antiqui israelit e judéic scrituras. Cristianes, judéos e musulmanes es sovente classificat quam adherentes de Abrahamic religiones, pro lor historic relation con [[Abraham]] e li traditiones del antiqui Oriente Proxim. Relationes inter cristianes e adherentes de altri religiones ha variat considerabilmen tra historie, includent periodes de coexistence, dialog, competition, discrimination e violent conflicte. In modern témpor mult cristian ecclesias participa in interreligiosi dialog e cooperation. Li considerable diversitá intra cristianisme e altri religiones significa que positiones pri interreligiosi relationes varia inter comunidades.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/religious-plurality-and-christian-self-understanding «Religious plurality and Christian self-understanding»], ''World Council of Churches''.</ref> == Vide anc == * [[Jesu]] * [[Bible]] * [[Ecclesia]] * [[Catolicisme]] * [[Ortodoxisme]] * [[Protestantisme]] * [[Reformation protestant]] * [[Baptisme]] * [[Trinitá]] * [[Ecumenisme]] == Referenties == <references /> == Extern ligaments == * [https://www.oikoumene.org/ World Council of Churches] * [https://www.vatican.va/ Santa Sede] {{Cristianisme}} {{Religion}} [[Categorie:Cristianisme]] [[Categorie:Religiones]] 68ixtf05c53og1gsdq7hr9a11n3zjjp 169098 169097 2026-09-10T23:26:49Z Lanceperry2018 12630 169098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright]] '''Cristianisme''' o '''christianisme''' es un [[religion]] monoteistic basat sur li vive e doctrinas de [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], quem cristianes considera li [[Crist]] (Messia), li Filio de Deo e li Salvator del homanité. Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in [[Judea]], in li contextu del [[Judaisme]], e gradualmen expandet tra li Roman Imperia e plu tard tra li munde. Cristianes nomina se adherentes de Jesu Crist. Li [[Bible]] es li sant scritura del cristianisme e consiste del [[Old Testament]] e li [[Nov Testament]]. Li Nov Testament contene li quar Evangelies, quel descri li vive, ministerie, morte e resurrection de Jesu, quam anc scrites pri li prim cristian comunidades. Cristianisme es li max grand religion del munde. Secun un studie publicat del Pew Research Center in 2025, circa '''2,3 milliard''' persones esset cristianes in 2020, representante circa '''28,8 percent''' del population del munde.<ref name="Pew2025">[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ «How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020»], ''Pew Research Center'', 9 junio 2025.</ref> Li max grand traditiones del cristianisme es li [[Catolicisme]], li [[Ortodoxisme]] e li [[Protestantisme]]. Altri antiqui traditiones include li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias e li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]]. Protestantisme self include numerosi traditiones quam [[Lutheranisme]], [[Calvinisme]], [[Anglicanisme]], [[Baptisme]], [[Metodisme]] e [[Pentecostalisme]]. == Historie == === Jesu e li origine del cristianisme === Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in Roman-governat Judea. Su central figure es [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], un judéic predicator e religiosi instructor. Secun li Nov Testament, Jesu predicat li regne de Deo, vocat persones al repentance, instructet discipules e executet miracules. Il esset crucificat in [[Jerusalem]] durant li administration del roman prefect [[Pontius Pilatus]]. Cristianes crede que Jesu mortet por li peccas del homanité e que Deo resuscitat le del mortes. Li fide in li resurrection de Jesu devenit un central element del cristian proclamation. Li unesim adherentes de Jesu esset principalmen judéic. Pos su morte, su discipules comensat predicar que il esset li promess Messia. Li movement gradualmen includet plu mult non-judéic adherentes. === Li apostolic periode === Li unesim generation del cristianisme es sovente nominat li '''periode apostolic'''. Li [[Apostoles]] e altri missionarios etablisset cristian comunidades in divers partes del Roman Imperia. [[Paulus de Tarsus]], originalmen un persecutor del cristian movement secun li Nov Testament, devenit un de su max important missionarios. Su epistoles constitue un important parte del Nov Testament. Durant li unesim secules, cristianisme expandet tra regiones quam Asia Minor, Grecia, Siria, Egipt, Nord Africa e Italia. [[File:Christ Icon Sinai 6th century.jpg|thumb|right|190px|Icon de Crist Pantocrator del 6-esim secul, conservat in li monastere de Santa Caterina sur Sinai.]] === Cristianisme in li Roman Imperia === Cristianes periodicmen suffret persecution sub roman autoritás, benque li intensitá e extension del persecution variat secun periode e region. Un important change evenit in li 4-esim secul sub imperator [[Constantine li Grand]]. Li Edicte de Milan de 313 permisset cristianes practicar lor religion plu líbermen. In 325 Constantine convocat li '''[[Concilium de Nicaea]]''', un assemblé de episcopes convocat precipue por tractar un controverse pri li relation inter Jesu Crist e Deo li Patre. Li concilium formulat li base del [[Crede Nicen]], quel devenit un fundamental expression del cristian fide.<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/book/11236/chapter-abstract/159757456 Mark S. Smith, «The Council of Nicaea and Its Early Reception»], in ''The Idea of Nicaea in the Early Church Councils, AD 431–451'', Oxford University Press, 2018.</ref> [[File:First Council of Nicaea Michael Damaskinos.png|thumb|left|250px|Un posterior artistic representation del unesim Concilium de Nicaea, quel evenit in 325.]] Durant li sequent secules, altri important concilies tractat questiones concernent li Trinitá, li natura de Crist e altri doctrinal temas. === Divisiones in li antiqui ecclesia === Doctrinal controverses gradualmen contribuet al formation de distinct cristian traditiones. Pos li [[Concilium de Chalcedon]] in 451, pluri ecclesias ne acceptat li cristologic formulation del concilium. Ex ti historie developat li traditiones hodie conosset quam li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''', includent li Coptic, Armenian e Syriac traditiones. Li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]], quel developat principalmen extra li Roman Imperia, anc se developat quam un distinct tradition. === Oriente e Occidente === Durante li unesim millennium, cultural, linguistic, politic e teologic diferenties developat inter li cristian Oriente, centrat principalmen in Constantinopole, e li latin Occidente, u li episcop de Roma obtenet un specialmen important position. Li separation inter li occidental e oriental ecclesias developat gradualmen durant secules. Li annu '''1054''' es conventionalmen associat con li [[Grand Schisma]] inter li Ecclesia de Roma e li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias, benque li separation esset un long historic process. Ex ti separation developat du del max grand traditiones del cristianisme: li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] in li Occidente e li [[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox ecclesias]] in li Oriente. === Reformation protestant === In li 16-esim secul, un major religiosi movement conosset quam li '''[[Reformation protestant]]''' changeat li cristianisme in Europa. [[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Porträt Martin Luther (1526).jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Martin Luther]], un del principal figures del Reformation protestant, in un portrete de [[Lucas Cranach li Senior]] de 1526.]] In 1517 li german monaco e teologo [[Martin Luther]] publicat su famosi 95 tesis, criticante cert practicas del occidental ecclesia. Su controverse con li ecclesiastic autoritás developat in un plu larg dispute pri temas quam justification, li autorité del Bible, sacramentes e ecclesiastic autorité. Altri reformatores, includent [[Huldrych Zwingli]] e [[Jean Calvin]], developat altri protestant traditiones. In Anglia, li separation del [[Ecclesia de Anglia]] de papal autorité contribuet al developation del [[Anglicanisme]]. Li Reformation eventualmen productet numerosi protestant traditiones, includent Lutheran, Reformat, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist e plu tard Pentecostal ecclesias. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] respondet con propri reformas e li [[Concilium de Trento]], un periode sovente nominat li Catolic Reformation o Contra-Reformation. === Expansion mundial === Desde li 16-esim secul, cristianisme expandet plu largmen tra Africa, li Americas, Asia e Oceania per migration, missionari activitá, comercie e europan colonial expansion. Ti historie includet tam religiosi e educational activitá quam relationes con colonial potenties. In divers regiones cristian missionarios creat ecclesias, scoles, hospitales e charitable institutiones, durante que li relation inter mission e colonialisme anc productet important historic controverses. Durant li 20-esim e 21-esim secules, li geographic centre del cristian population changeat considerabilmen. Grand e crescent cristian populationes existe in Africa, Latin America e partes de Asia, durante que li proportion de cristianes ha diminuet in mult partes de Europa e Nord America. == Credenties == Pro li grand diversitá del cristianisme, ne omni ecclesias interpreta omni doctrines in li sam maniere. Támen, mult cristian traditiones comparte un comun nucleu de credenties. === Deo e li Trinitá === Li majorité del cristianes crede in un sol [[Deo]]. Li traditional doctrine del '''[[Trinitá]]''' enseña que li unic Deo existe quam tri persones: li [[Deo li Patre|Patre]], li [[Jesu Crist|Filio]] e li [[Sant Spirite]]. Ti doctrine esset formulat plu precisimen durant li doctrinal controverses del unesim secules e es expresset in li Nicen tradition del fide. === Jesu Crist === Jesu Crist es li central figure del cristian fide. Traditional cristian doctrine afirma que Jesu es tam ver Deo quam ver hom. Cristianes crede que il esset incarnat, nascet de [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]], predicat li regne de Deo, esset crucificat, mortet e esset resuscitat del mortes. Li major cristian traditiones considera su morte e resurrection quam central por li reconciliation inter Deo e homanité. === Salvation === Cristianes crede que homanité besona salvation del peccá e reconciliation con Deo. Li exact explication del salvation varia inter cristian traditiones. Temas quam gratia, fide, repentance, bon labores, sacramentes, sanctification e li role del ecclesia es accentuat in diferent manieres de Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant teologies. Malgré ti diferenties, li major traditiones associa salvation fundamentalmen con li vive, morte e resurrection de Jesu Crist. === Resurrection e etern vive === Cristianisme enseña li resurrection del mortes e un final judicie de Deo. Cristian traditiones generalmen crede in etern vive con Deo e in li realitá del separation de Deo, tradicionalmen descrit con conceptes quam ciel e inferne. Exact interpretationes de ti doctrines varia inter ecclesias e teologic traditiones. == Bible == Li '''[[Bible]]''' es li collection de scrites considerat sant del cristianes. It consiste de du principal partes: * li '''[[Old Testament]]''', contenent scrites hereditat principalmen del antiqui israelit e judéic tradition; * li '''[[Nov Testament]]''', quel contene 27 libres pri Jesu Crist e li unesim cristian movement. Li Nov Testament include li quar [[Evangelie]]s de Matthew, Marcus, Lucas e Johannes; li Actes del Apostoles; li epistoles; e li Libre del Revelation. Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant traditiones have alcun diferenties in li canon del Old Testament, significante que lor editiones del Bible ne contene exactmen li sam collection de libres. Interpretation del Bible anc varia. Alcun traditiones accentua li relation inter Scritura e ecclesiastic tradition, durante que mult Protestant traditiones accentua li principie de ''sola Scriptura'', secun quel Scritura es li suprem autorité por cristian doctrine. == Principal traditiones == Cristianisme consiste de mult ecclesias, denominationes e traditiones. Classification posse variar, ma pluri grand families es generalmen reconosset.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/church-families «Church families»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Catolicisme === Li '''[[Catolicisme]]''' es li max grand individual tradition del cristianisme. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] consiste del Latin Ecclesia e li Oriental Catolic ecclesias, omni in communion con li episcop de Roma, conosset quam li [[Pape]]. Catolicisme accentua li Bible e Sant Tradition, li historic succession del episcopes, e li sacramental vive del ecclesia. It reconosse septe sacramentes, includent baptisme, Eucharistie e confirmation. === Oriental Ortodoxisme === Li '''[[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox Ecclesia]]''' consiste de un comunité de autonom e autocefal ecclesias, includent li Grec, Russ, Serbian, Romanian e altri Ortodox ecclesias. Ili comparte un comun sacramental e teologic tradition e reconosse li unesim septe ecumenic concilies. Ili ne have un singul universal episcop con li autorité quel li Pape have in Catolicisme. === Oriental Ortodox ecclesias === Li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''' include li Coptic Ortodox, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac Ortodox, Ethiopian Ortodox Tewahedo, Eritrean Ortodox Tewahedo e Malankara Ortodox Syrian ecclesias. Ti ecclesias accepta li unesim tri ecumenic concilies ma ne acceptat li definition del Concilium de Chalcedon de 451. Ili representa un antiqui cristian tradition distinct de tam Catolicisme quam li Oriental Ortodox tradition. === Protestantisme === Li '''[[Protestantisme]]''' originat principalmen del Reformation del 16-esim secul. Protestantisme ne es un singul ecclesia. It include mult ecclesiastic families, quam: * [[Lutheranisme]]; * traditiones Reformat e [[Calvinisme|Calvinist]]; * [[Anglicanisme]]; * [[Anabaptisme]]; * [[Baptisme|Baptistes]]; * [[Metodisme]]; * [[Pentecostalisme]]; * mult evangelical e independent ecclesias. Protestant traditiones varia considerabilmen in organisation, cultu e teologie, ma historicmen accentua doctrines quam justification per fide e li autorité del Scritura. == Ecclesia e ministerie == Li terme '''[[Ecclesia]]''' posse significar un local congregation, un particular denomination o, in teologic sense, li universal comunité de cristian credentes. Formes de ecclesiastic guvernament varia. Catolic, Ortodox, Anglican e alcun altri ecclesias usa episcopal structures con episcopes. Presbyterian e Reformat traditiones posse esser guvernat de concilies de presbiteros. Mult Baptist e independent ecclesias practica congregational guvernament. Cristian conductores posse esser nominat pastores, sacerdotes, presbiteros, episcopes, diacones o altri titules, dependent del tradition. == Sacramentes e cultu == Cristian cultu varia considerabilmen inter traditiones e culturas. Comun elementes include prega, letion del Bible, predication, cantation e celebration de sacramentes o ordinanties. === Baptisme === '''[[Baptisme]]''' es un ritual de initiation practicat de quasi omni major cristian traditiones. It usa aqua e es associat con admission al cristian comunité. Catolic, Ortodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri ecclesias practica baptisme de infantes. Baptist e mult evangelical traditiones ordinarmen baptisa solmen persones qui personalmen professe lor fide. Li metode posse includer immersion, infusion o aspersion de aqua. === Eucharistie === Li '''[[Eucharistie]]''', anc nominat Sant Communion o Cena del Senior, commemora li ultim cena de Jesu con su discipules. Catolic e Ortodox traditiones considera li Eucharistie un sacrament in quel Crist es realmen present. Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri Protestant traditiones have diferent interpretationes del presentie de Crist. Alcun Protestant gruppes considera li Cena precipue quam un memorial. == Cristian vive e etica == Cristian etica es basat sur li doctrinas del Bible e li interpretationes de diferent ecclesiastic traditiones. Li du comandamentes de amar Deo e amar li proxim es central in li moral instruction atribuet a Jesu. Li [[Deci Comandamentes]] anc ha un important role in cristian moral tradition. Cristian etica ha tractat temas quam familie, sexualitá, justicie, guerra e pace, richesse e povritá, cura del malades, protection del vulnerabiles e responsabilitá por li creation. Exact moral positiones varia inter ecclesias e denominationes. == Prega e spiritualitá == Prega es un fundamental practica del cristian vive. It posse esser individual o comunal, spontan o liturgic. Li '''[[Patre Nor]]''', quel li Evangelies atribue a Jesu, es un del max universalmen usat cristian preges. Altri spiritual practicas include meditation del Scritura, jejun, cantation de hymnes, peregrination e actes de caritá. Catolic, Ortodox e alcun Anglican e Lutheran traditiones anc practica devotion relacionat con [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]] e li [[sant]]es. Mult Protestant traditiones ne practica invocation del santes e accentua direct prega a Deo. == Festas del cristianisme == Li cristian calendare varia inter traditiones, ma pluri festas es largmen celebrat. === Crist-nascentie === '''[[Crist-nascentie]]''' celebra li nascentie de Jesu Crist. In mult occidental ecclesias it es celebrat li 25 decembre. Alcun Oriental ecclesias usa un diferent calendare e celebra li festa in un diferent civil date. === Pasca === '''[[Pasca]]''' commemora li resurrection de Jesu del mortes e es li central annual festa in mult cristian traditiones. It es precedet del Sant Semane, quel commemora li ultim dies, crucifixion e morte de Jesu. === Pentecost === '''[[Pentecost]]''' commemora li descense del Sant Spirite sur li discipules de Jesu, racontat in li Actes del Apostoles. Altri important festas include [[Epifanie]], [[Sant Venerdí]] e, in mult traditiones, Ascension. == Cristianisme in li munde == Cristianisme es un global religion con adherentes in quasi omni landes. [[File:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 027 - A church service in a modern church - Kigali.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Un cristian servicie in Kigali, Rwanda, in 2021. Africa es hodie un del major centres del global cristianisme.]] Secun li Pew Research Center, cristianes numerat circa 2,3 milliard in 2020, o 28,8 percent del population mundial. Cristianes restat li max grand religiosi gruppe, ma lor proportion del global population diminuet inter 2010 e 2020.<ref name="Pew2025" /> Li geographic distribution del cristianisme ha changeat considerabilmen durant su historie. Durant mult secules Europa esset un principal centre del cristian munde, ma hodie grand cristian populationes existe in Latin America, Africa, Nord America e partes de Asia. Cristianisme es culturalmen e linguisticmen divers. Formes de cultu, musica, ecclesiastic organisation e local traditiones posse variar mult inter regiones, mem quande congregationes comparte li sam basic confession de fide. == Ecumenisme == '''Ecumenisme''' es li movement por plu grand cooperation e unitá inter cristian ecclesias. Durant li 20-esim secul mult denominationes developat formal dialogues e cooperative organisationes. Li '''[[World Council of Churches]]''', fundat in 1948, include mult Ortodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Reformat, Methodist, Baptist e altri ecclesias.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches «Member churches»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> Li Ecclesia Catolic ne es membre del World Council of Churches, ma coopera con it in divers manieres e participa in numerosi ecumenic dialogues. Important doctrinal diferenties continua existir inter cristian traditiones, includent questiones pri ecclesiastic autorité, li papatu, sacramentes, ministerie, justification e interpretation del Scritura. == Relationes con altri religiones == Cristianisme originat ex li religiosi e cultural ambiente del [[Judaisme]], e li Old Testament del cristian Bible deriva del antiqui israelit e judéic scrituras. Cristianes, judéos e musulmanes es sovente classificat quam adherentes de Abrahamic religiones, pro lor historic relation con [[Abraham]] e li traditiones del antiqui Oriente Proxim. Relationes inter cristianes e adherentes de altri religiones ha variat considerabilmen tra historie, includent periodes de coexistence, dialog, competition, discrimination e violent conflicte. In modern témpor mult cristian ecclesias participa in interreligiosi dialog e cooperation. Li considerable diversitá intra cristianisme e altri religiones significa que positiones pri interreligiosi relationes varia inter comunidades.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/religious-plurality-and-christian-self-understanding «Religious plurality and Christian self-understanding»], ''World Council of Churches''.</ref> == Vide anc == * [[Jesu]] * [[Bible]] * [[Ecclesia]] * [[Catolicisme]] * [[Ortodoxisme]] * [[Protestantisme]] * [[Reformation protestant]] * [[Baptisme]] * [[Trinitá]] * [[Ecumenisme]] == Referenties == <references /> == Extern ligaments == * [https://www.oikoumene.org/ World Council of Churches] * [https://www.vatican.va/ Santa Sede] {{Cristianisme}} {{Religion}} [[Categorie:Cristianisme]] [[Categorie:Religiones]] 0rjq87rw4nzpk3w6m4b1k4zn3xozwk4 169099 169098 2026-09-10T23:31:05Z Lanceperry2018 12630 169099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright]] '''Cristianisme''' o '''christianisme''' es un [[religion]] monoteistic basat sur li vive e doctrinas de [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], quem cristianes considera li [[Crist]] (Messia), li Filio de Deo e li Salvator del homanité. Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in [[Judea]], in li contextu del [[Judaisme]], e gradualmen expandet tra li Roman Imperia e plu tard tra li munde. Cristianes nomina se adherentes de Jesu Crist. Li [[Bible]] es li sant scritura del cristianisme e consiste del [[Old Testament]] e li [[Nov Testament]]. Li Nov Testament contene li quar Evangelies, quel descri li vive, ministerie, morte e resurrection de Jesu, quam anc scrites pri li prim cristian comunidades. Cristianisme es li max grand religion del munde. Secun un studie publicat del Pew Research Center in 2025, circa '''2,3 milliard''' persones esset cristianes in 2020, representante circa '''28,8 percent''' del population del munde.<ref name="Pew2025">[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ «How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020»], ''Pew Research Center'', 9 junio 2025.</ref> Li max grand traditiones del cristianisme es li [[Catolicisme]], li [[Ortodoxisme]] e li [[Protestantisme]]. Altri antiqui traditiones include li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias e li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]]. Protestantisme self include numerosi traditiones quam [[Lutheranisme]], [[Calvinisme]], [[Anglicanisme]], [[Baptisme]], [[Metodisme]] e [[Pentecostalisme]]. == Historie == === Jesu e li origine del cristianisme === Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in Roman-governat Judea. Su central figure es [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], un judéic predicator e religiosi instructor. Secun li Nov Testament, Jesu predicat li regne de Deo, vocat persones al repentance, instructet discipules e executet miracules. Il esset crucificat in [[Jerusalem]] durant li administration del roman prefect [[Pontius Pilatus]]. Cristianes crede que Jesu mortet por li peccas del homanité e que Deo resuscitat le del mortes. Li fide in li resurrection de Jesu devenit un central element del cristian proclamation. Li unesim adherentes de Jesu esset principalmen judéic. Pos su morte, su discipules comensat predicar que il esset li promess Messia. Li movement gradualmen includet plu mult non-judéic adherentes. === Li apostolic periode === Li unesim generation del cristianisme es sovente nominat li '''periode apostolic'''. Li [[Apostoles]] e altri missionarios etablisset cristian comunidades in divers partes del Roman Imperia. [[Paulus de Tarsus]], originalmen un persecutor del cristian movement secun li Nov Testament, devenit un de su max important missionarios. Su epistoles constitue un important parte del Nov Testament. Durant li unesim secules, cristianisme expandet tra regiones quam Asia Minor, Grecia, Siria, Egipt, Nord Africa e Italia. [[File:Christ Icon Sinai 6th century.jpg|thumb|right|190px|Icon de Crist Pantocrator del 6-esim secul, conservat in li monastere de Santa Caterina sur Sinai.]] === Cristianisme in li Roman Imperia === Cristianes periodicmen suffret persecution sub roman autoritás, benque li intensitá e extension del persecution variat secun periode e region. Un important change evenit in li 4-esim secul sub imperator [[Constantine li Grand]]. Li Edicte de Milan de 313 permisset cristianes practicar lor religion plu líbermen. In 325 Constantine convocat li '''[[Concilium de Nicaea]]''', un assemblé de episcopes convocat precipue por tractar un controverse pri li relation inter Jesu Crist e Deo li Patre. Li concilium formulat li base del [[Crede Nicen]], quel devenit un fundamental expression del cristian fide.<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/book/11236/chapter-abstract/159757456 Mark S. Smith, «The Council of Nicaea and Its Early Reception»], in ''The Idea of Nicaea in the Early Church Councils, AD 431–451'', Oxford University Press, 2018.</ref> [[File:First Council of Nicaea Michael Damaskinos.png|thumb|left|250px|Un posterior artistic representation del unesim Concilium de Nicaea, quel evenit in 325.]] Durant li sequent secules, altri important concilies tractat questiones concernent li Trinitá, li natura de Crist e altri doctrinal temas. === Divisiones in li antiqui ecclesia === Doctrinal controverses gradualmen contribuet al formation de distinct cristian traditiones. Pos li [[Concilium de Chalcedon]] in 451, pluri ecclesias ne acceptat li cristologic formulation del concilium. Ex ti historie developat li traditiones hodie conosset quam li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''', includent li Coptic, Armenian e Syriac traditiones. Li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]], quel developat principalmen extra li Roman Imperia, anc se developat quam un distinct tradition. === Oriente e Occidente === Durante li unesim millennium, cultural, linguistic, politic e teologic diferenties developat inter li cristian Oriente, centrat principalmen in Constantinopole, e li latin Occidente, u li episcop de Roma obtenet un specialmen important position. Li separation inter li occidental e oriental ecclesias developat gradualmen durant secules. Li annu '''1054''' es conventionalmen associat con li [[Grand Schisma]] inter li Ecclesia de Roma e li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias, benque li separation esset un long historic process. Ex ti separation developat du del max grand traditiones del cristianisme: li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] in li Occidente e li [[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox ecclesias]] in li Oriente. === Reformation protestant === In li 16-esim secul, un major religiosi movement conosset quam li '''[[Reformation protestant]]''' changeat li cristianisme in Europa. [[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Porträt Martin Luther (1526).jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Martin Luther]], un del principal figures del Reformation protestant, in un portrete de [[Lucas Cranach li Senior]] de 1526.]] In 1517 li german monaco e teologo [[Martin Luther]] publicat su famosi 95 tesis, criticante cert practicas del occidental ecclesia. Su controverse con li ecclesiastic autoritás developat in un plu larg dispute pri temas quam justification, li autorité del Bible, sacramentes e ecclesiastic autorité. Altri reformatores, includent [[Huldrych Zwingli]] e [[Jean Calvin]], developat altri protestant traditiones. In Anglia, li separation del [[Ecclesia de Anglia]] de papal autorité contribuet al developation del [[Anglicanisme]]. Li Reformation eventualmen productet numerosi protestant traditiones, includent Lutheran, Reformat, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist e plu tard Pentecostal ecclesias. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] respondet con propri reformas e li [[Concilium de Trento]], un periode sovente nominat li Catolic Reformation o Contra-Reformation. === Expansion mundial === Desde li 16-esim secul, cristianisme expandet plu largmen tra Africa, li Americas, Asia e Oceania per migration, missionari activitá, comercie e europan colonial expansion. Ti historie includet tam religiosi e educational activitá quam relationes con colonial potenties. In divers regiones cristian missionarios creat ecclesias, scoles, hospitales e charitable institutiones, durante que li relation inter mission e colonialisme anc productet important historic controverses. Durant li 20-esim e 21-esim secules, li geographic centre del cristian population changeat considerabilmen. Grand e crescent cristian populationes existe in Africa, Latin America e partes de Asia, durante que li proportion de cristianes ha diminuet in mult partes de Europa e Nord America. == Credenties == Pro li grand diversitá del cristianisme, ne omni ecclesias interpreta omni doctrines in li sam maniere. Támen, mult cristian traditiones comparte un comun nucleu de credenties. === Deo e li Trinitá === Li majorité del cristianes crede in un sol [[Deo]]. Li traditional doctrine del '''[[Trinitá]]''' enseña que li unic Deo existe quam tri persones: li [[Deo li Patre|Patre]], li [[Jesu Crist|Filio]] e li [[Sant Spirite]]. Ti doctrine esset formulat plu precisimen durant li doctrinal controverses del unesim secules e es expresset in li Nicen tradition del fide. === Jesu Crist === Jesu Crist es li central figure del cristian fide. Traditional cristian doctrine afirma que Jesu es tam ver Deo quam ver hom. Cristianes crede que il esset incarnat, nascet de [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]], predicat li regne de Deo, esset crucificat, mortet e esset resuscitat del mortes. Li major cristian traditiones considera su morte e resurrection quam central por li reconciliation inter Deo e homanité. === Salvation === Cristianes crede que homanité besona salvation del peccá e reconciliation con Deo. Li exact explication del salvation varia inter cristian traditiones. Temas quam gratia, fide, repentance, bon labores, sacramentes, sanctification e li role del ecclesia es accentuat in diferent manieres de Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant teologies. Malgré ti diferenties, li major traditiones associa salvation fundamentalmen con li vive, morte e resurrection de Jesu Crist. === Resurrection e etern vive === Cristianisme enseña li resurrection del mortes e un final judicie de Deo. Cristian traditiones generalmen crede in etern vive con Deo e in li realitá del separation de Deo, tradicionalmen descrit con conceptes quam ciel e inferne. Exact interpretationes de ti doctrines varia inter ecclesias e teologic traditiones. == Bible == Li '''[[Bible]]''' es li collection de scrites considerat sant del cristianes. It consiste de du principal partes: * li '''[[Old Testament]]''', contenent scrites hereditat principalmen del antiqui israelit e judéic tradition; * li '''[[Nov Testament]]''', quel contene 27 libres pri Jesu Crist e li unesim cristian movement. Li Nov Testament include li quar [[Evangelie]]s de Matthew, Marcus, Lucas e Johannes; li Actes del Apostoles; li epistoles; e li Libre del Revelation. Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant traditiones have alcun diferenties in li canon del Old Testament, significante que lor editiones del Bible ne contene exactmen li sam collection de libres. Interpretation del Bible anc varia. Alcun traditiones accentua li relation inter Scritura e ecclesiastic tradition, durante que mult Protestant traditiones accentua li principie de ''sola Scriptura'', secun quel Scritura es li suprem autorité por cristian doctrine. == Principal traditiones == Cristianisme consiste de mult ecclesias, denominationes e traditiones. Classification posse variar, ma pluri grand families es generalmen reconosset.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/church-families «Church families»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Catolicisme === Li '''[[Catolicisme]]''' es li max grand individual tradition del cristianisme. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] consiste del Latin Ecclesia e li Oriental Catolic ecclesias, omni in communion con li episcop de Roma, conosset quam li [[Pape]]. Catolicisme accentua li Bible e Sant Tradition, li historic succession del episcopes, e li sacramental vive del ecclesia. It reconosse septe sacramentes, includent baptisme, Eucharistie e confirmation. === Oriental Ortodoxisme === Li '''[[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox Ecclesia]]''' consiste de un comunité de autonom e autocefal ecclesias, includent li Grec, Russ, Serbian, Romanian e altri Ortodox ecclesias. Ili comparte un comun sacramental e teologic tradition e reconosse li unesim septe ecumenic concilies. Ili ne have un singul universal episcop con li autorité quel li Pape have in Catolicisme. === Oriental Ortodox ecclesias === Li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''' include li Coptic Ortodox, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac Ortodox, Ethiopian Ortodox Tewahedo, Eritrean Ortodox Tewahedo e Malankara Ortodox Syrian ecclesias. Ti ecclesias accepta li unesim tri ecumenic concilies ma ne acceptat li definition del Concilium de Chalcedon de 451. Ili representa un antiqui cristian tradition distinct de tam Catolicisme quam li Oriental Ortodox tradition. === Protestantisme === Li '''[[Protestantisme]]''' originat principalmen del Reformation del 16-esim secul. Protestantisme ne es un singul ecclesia. It include mult ecclesiastic families, quam: * [[Lutheranisme]]; * traditiones Reformat e [[Calvinisme|Calvinist]]; * [[Anglicanisme]]; * [[Anabaptisme]]; * [[Baptiste]]; * [[Metodisme]]; * [[Pentecostalisme]]; * mult evangelical e independent ecclesias. Protestant traditiones varia considerabilmen in organisation, cultu e teologie, ma historicmen accentua doctrines quam justification per fide e li autorité del Scritura. == Ecclesia e ministerie == Li terme '''[[Ecclesia]]''' posse significar un local congregation, un particular denomination o, in teologic sense, li universal comunité de cristian credentes. Formes de ecclesiastic guvernament varia. Catolic, Ortodox, Anglican e alcun altri ecclesias usa episcopal structures con episcopes. Presbyterian e Reformat traditiones posse esser guvernat de concilies de presbiteros. Mult Baptist e independent ecclesias practica congregational guvernament. Cristian conductores posse esser nominat pastores, sacerdotes, presbiteros, episcopes, diacones o altri titules, dependent del tradition. == Sacramentes e cultu == Cristian cultu varia considerabilmen inter traditiones e culturas. Comun elementes include prega, letion del Bible, predication, cantation e celebration de sacramentes o ordinanties. === Baptisme === '''[[Baptisme]]''' es un ritual de initiation practicat de quasi omni major cristian traditiones. It usa aqua e es associat con admission al cristian comunité. Catolic, Ortodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri ecclesias practica baptisme de infantes. Baptist e mult evangelical traditiones ordinarmen baptisa solmen persones qui personalmen professe lor fide. Li metode posse includer immersion, infusion o aspersion de aqua. === Eucharistie === Li '''[[Eucharistie]]''', anc nominat Sant Communion o Cena del Senior, commemora li ultim cena de Jesu con su discipules. Catolic e Ortodox traditiones considera li Eucharistie un sacrament in quel Crist es realmen present. Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri Protestant traditiones have diferent interpretationes del presentie de Crist. Alcun Protestant gruppes considera li Cena precipue quam un memorial. == Cristian vive e etica == Cristian etica es basat sur li doctrinas del Bible e li interpretationes de diferent ecclesiastic traditiones. Li du comandamentes de amar Deo e amar li proxim es central in li moral instruction atribuet a Jesu. Li [[Deci Comandamentes]] anc ha un important role in cristian moral tradition. Cristian etica ha tractat temas quam familie, sexualitá, justicie, guerra e pace, richesse e povritá, cura del malades, protection del vulnerabiles e responsabilitá por li creation. Exact moral positiones varia inter ecclesias e denominationes. == Prega e spiritualitá == Prega es un fundamental practica del cristian vive. It posse esser individual o comunal, spontan o liturgic. Li '''[[Patre Nor]]''', quel li Evangelies atribue a Jesu, es un del max universalmen usat cristian preges. Altri spiritual practicas include meditation del Scritura, jejun, cantation de hymnes, peregrination e actes de caritá. Catolic, Ortodox e alcun Anglican e Lutheran traditiones anc practica devotion relacionat con [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]] e li [[sant]]es. Mult Protestant traditiones ne practica invocation del santes e accentua direct prega a Deo. == Festas del cristianisme == Li cristian calendare varia inter traditiones, ma pluri festas es largmen celebrat. === Crist-nascentie === '''[[Crist-nascentie]]''' celebra li nascentie de Jesu Crist. In mult occidental ecclesias it es celebrat li 25 decembre. Alcun Oriental ecclesias usa un diferent calendare e celebra li festa in un diferent civil date. === Pasca === '''[[Pasca]]''' commemora li resurrection de Jesu del mortes e es li central annual festa in mult cristian traditiones. It es precedet del Sant Semane, quel commemora li ultim dies, crucifixion e morte de Jesu. === Pentecost === '''[[Pentecost]]''' commemora li descense del Sant Spirite sur li discipules de Jesu, racontat in li Actes del Apostoles. Altri important festas include [[Epifanie]], [[Sant Venerdí]] e, in mult traditiones, Ascension. == Cristianisme in li munde == Cristianisme es un global religion con adherentes in quasi omni landes. [[File:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 027 - A church service in a modern church - Kigali.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Un cristian servicie in Kigali, Rwanda, in 2021. Africa es hodie un del major centres del global cristianisme.]] Secun li Pew Research Center, cristianes numerat circa 2,3 milliard in 2020, o 28,8 percent del population mundial. Cristianes restat li max grand religiosi gruppe, ma lor proportion del global population diminuet inter 2010 e 2020.<ref name="Pew2025" /> Li geographic distribution del cristianisme ha changeat considerabilmen durant su historie. Durant mult secules Europa esset un principal centre del cristian munde, ma hodie grand cristian populationes existe in Latin America, Africa, Nord America e partes de Asia. Cristianisme es culturalmen e linguisticmen divers. Formes de cultu, musica, ecclesiastic organisation e local traditiones posse variar mult inter regiones, mem quande congregationes comparte li sam basic confession de fide. == Ecumenisme == '''Ecumenisme''' es li movement por plu grand cooperation e unitá inter cristian ecclesias. Durant li 20-esim secul mult denominationes developat formal dialogues e cooperative organisationes. Li '''[[World Council of Churches]]''', fundat in 1948, include mult Ortodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Reformat, Methodist, Baptist e altri ecclesias.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches «Member churches»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> Li Ecclesia Catolic ne es membre del World Council of Churches, ma coopera con it in divers manieres e participa in numerosi ecumenic dialogues. Important doctrinal diferenties continua existir inter cristian traditiones, includent questiones pri ecclesiastic autorité, li papatu, sacramentes, ministerie, justification e interpretation del Scritura. == Relationes con altri religiones == Cristianisme originat ex li religiosi e cultural ambiente del [[Judaisme]], e li Old Testament del cristian Bible deriva del antiqui israelit e judéic scrituras. Cristianes, judéos e musulmanes es sovente classificat quam adherentes de Abrahamic religiones, pro lor historic relation con [[Abraham]] e li traditiones del antiqui Oriente Proxim. Relationes inter cristianes e adherentes de altri religiones ha variat considerabilmen tra historie, includent periodes de coexistence, dialog, competition, discrimination e violent conflicte. In modern témpor mult cristian ecclesias participa in interreligiosi dialog e cooperation. Li considerable diversitá intra cristianisme e altri religiones significa que positiones pri interreligiosi relationes varia inter comunidades.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/religious-plurality-and-christian-self-understanding «Religious plurality and Christian self-understanding»], ''World Council of Churches''.</ref> == Vide anc == * [[Jesu]] * [[Bible]] * [[Ecclesia]] * [[Catolicisme]] * [[Ortodoxisme]] * [[Protestantisme]] * [[Reformation protestant]] * [[Baptisme]] * [[Trinitá]] * [[Ecumenisme]] == Referenties == <references /> == Extern ligaments == * [https://www.oikoumene.org/ World Council of Churches] * [https://www.vatican.va/ Santa Sede] {{Cristianisme}} {{Religion}} [[Categorie:Cristianisme]] [[Categorie:Religiones]] g7sd6c6uwqmbnzi960g710ujfe08353 169100 169099 2026-09-10T23:34:42Z Lanceperry2018 12630 169100 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Latin cross (bold).svg|right|frameless|upright]] '''Cristianisme''' o '''christianisme''' es un [[religion]] monoteistic basat sur li vive e doctrinas de [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], quem cristianes considera li [[Crist]] (Messia), li Filio de Deo e li Salvator del homanité. Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in [[Judea]], in li contextu del [[Judaisme]], e gradualmen expandet tra li Roman Imperia e plu tard tra li munde. Cristianes nomina se adherentes de Jesu Crist. Li [[Bible]] es li sant scritura del cristianisme e consiste del [[Old Testament]] e li [[Nov Testament]]. Li Nov Testament contene li quar Evangelies, quel descri li vive, ministerie, morte e resurrection de Jesu, quam anc scrites pri li prim cristian comunidades. Cristianisme es li max grand religion del munde. Secun un studie publicat del Pew Research Center in 2025, circa '''2,3 milliard''' persones esset cristianes in 2020, representante circa '''28,8 percent''' del population del munde.<ref name="Pew2025">[https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2025/06/09/how-the-global-religious-landscape-changed-from-2010-to-2020/ «How the Global Religious Landscape Changed From 2010 to 2020»], ''Pew Research Center'', 9 junio 2025.</ref> Li max grand traditiones del cristianisme es li [[Catolicisme]], li [[Ortodoxisme]] e li [[Protestantisme]]. Altri antiqui traditiones include li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias e li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]]. Protestantisme self include numerosi traditiones quam [[Lutheranisme]], [[Calvinisme]], [[Anglicanisme]], [[Baptisme]], [[Metodisme]] e [[Pentecostalisme]]. == Historie == === Jesu e li origine del cristianisme === Cristianisme originat in li 1-im secul in Roman-governat Judea. Su central figure es [[Jesu|Jesu de Nazaret]], un judéic predicator e religiosi instructor. Secun li Nov Testament, Jesu predicat li regne de Deo, vocat persones al repentance, instructet discipules e executet miracules. Il esset crucificat in [[Jerusalem]] durant li administration del roman prefect [[Pontius Pilatus]]. Cristianes crede que Jesu mortet por li peccas del homanité e que Deo resuscitat le del mortes. Li fide in li resurrection de Jesu devenit un central element del cristian proclamation. Li unesim adherentes de Jesu esset principalmen judéic. Pos su morte, su discipules comensat predicar que il esset li promess Messia. Li movement gradualmen includet plu mult non-judéic adherentes. === Li apostolic periode === Li unesim generation del cristianisme es sovente nominat li '''periode apostolic'''. Li [[Apostoles]] e altri missionarios etablisset cristian comunidades in divers partes del Roman Imperia. [[Paulus de Tarsus]], originalmen un persecutor del cristian movement secun li Nov Testament, devenit un de su max important missionarios. Su epistoles constitue un important parte del Nov Testament. Durant li unesim secules, cristianisme expandet tra regiones quam Asia Minor, Grecia, Siria, Egipt, Nord Africa e Italia. [[File:Christ Icon Sinai 6th century.jpg|thumb|right|190px|Icon de Crist Pantocrator del 6-esim secul, conservat in li monastere de Santa Caterina sur Sinai.]] === Cristianisme in li Roman Imperia === Cristianes periodicmen suffret persecution sub roman autoritás, benque li intensitá e extension del persecution variat secun periode e region. Un important change evenit in li 4-esim secul sub imperator [[Constantine li Grand]]. Li Edicte de Milan de 313 permisset cristianes practicar lor religion plu líbermen. In 325 Constantine convocat li '''[[Concilium de Nicaea]]''', un assemblé de episcopes convocat precipue por tractar un controverse pri li relation inter Jesu Crist e Deo li Patre. Li concilium formulat li base del [[Crede Nicen]], quel devenit un fundamental expression del cristian fide.<ref>[https://academic.oup.com/book/11236/chapter-abstract/159757456 Mark S. Smith, «The Council of Nicaea and Its Early Reception»], in ''The Idea of Nicaea in the Early Church Councils, AD 431–451'', Oxford University Press, 2018.</ref> [[File:First Council of Nicaea Michael Damaskinos.png|thumb|left|250px|Un posterior artistic representation del unesim Concilium de Nicaea, quel evenit in 325.]] Durant li sequent secules, altri important concilies tractat questiones concernent li Trinitá, li natura de Crist e altri doctrinal temas. === Divisiones in li antiqui ecclesia === Doctrinal controverses gradualmen contribuet al formation de distinct cristian traditiones. Pos li [[Concilium de Chalcedon]] in 451, pluri ecclesias ne acceptat li cristologic formulation del concilium. Ex ti historie developat li traditiones hodie conosset quam li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''', includent li Coptic, Armenian e Syriac traditiones. Li [[Ecclesia del Oriente]], quel developat principalmen extra li Roman Imperia, anc se developat quam un distinct tradition. === Oriente e Occidente === Durante li unesim millennium, cultural, linguistic, politic e teologic diferenties developat inter li cristian Oriente, centrat principalmen in Constantinopole, e li latin Occidente, u li episcop de Roma obtenet un specialmen important position. Li separation inter li occidental e oriental ecclesias developat gradualmen durant secules. Li annu '''1054''' es conventionalmen associat con li [[Grand Schisma]] inter li Ecclesia de Roma e li Oriental Ortodox ecclesias, benque li separation esset un long historic process. Ex ti separation developat du del max grand traditiones del cristianisme: li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] in li Occidente e li [[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox ecclesias]] in li Oriente. === Reformation protestant === In li 16-esim secul, un major religiosi movement conosset quam li '''[[Reformation protestant]]''' changeat li cristianisme in Europa. [[File:Lucas Cranach d.Ä. - Porträt Martin Luther (1526).jpg|thumb|right|220px|[[Martin Luther]], un del principal figures del Reformation protestant, in un portrete de [[Lucas Cranach li Senior]] de 1526.]] In 1517 li german monaco e teologo [[Martin Luther]] publicat su famosi 95 tesis, criticante cert practicas del occidental ecclesia. Su controverse con li ecclesiastic autoritás developat in un plu larg dispute pri temas quam justification, li autorité del Bible, sacramentes e ecclesiastic autorité. Altri reformatores, includent [[Huldrych Zwingli]] e [[Jean Calvin]], developat altri protestant traditiones. In Anglia, li separation del [[Ecclesia de Anglia]] de papal autorité contribuet al developation del [[Anglicanisme]]. Li Reformation eventualmen productet numerosi protestant traditiones, includent Lutheran, Reformat, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist e plu tard Pentecostal ecclesias. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] respondet con propri reformas e li [[Concilium de Trento]], un periode sovente nominat li Catolic Reformation o Contra-Reformation. === Expansion mundial === Desde li 16-esim secul, cristianisme expandet plu largmen tra Africa, li Americas, Asia e Oceania per migration, missionari activitá, comercie e europan colonial expansion. Ti historie includet tam religiosi e educational activitá quam relationes con colonial potenties. In divers regiones cristian missionarios creat ecclesias, scoles, hospitales e charitable institutiones, durante que li relation inter mission e colonialisme anc productet important historic controverses. Durant li 20-esim e 21-esim secules, li geographic centre del cristian population changeat considerabilmen. Grand e crescent cristian populationes existe in Africa, Latin America e partes de Asia, durante que li proportion de cristianes ha diminuet in mult partes de Europa e Nord America. == Credenties == Pro li grand diversitá del cristianisme, ne omni ecclesias interpreta omni doctrines in li sam maniere. Támen, mult cristian traditiones comparte un comun nucleu de credenties. === Deo e li Trinitá === Li majorité del cristianes crede in un sol [[Deo]]. Li traditional doctrine del '''[[Trinitá]]''' enseña que li unic Deo existe quam tri persones: li [[Deo li Patre|Patre]], li [[Jesu Crist|Filio]] e li [[Sant Spirite]]. Ti doctrine esset formulat plu precisimen durant li doctrinal controverses del unesim secules e es expresset in li Nicen tradition del fide. === Jesu Crist === Jesu Crist es li central figure del cristian fide. Traditional cristian doctrine afirma que Jesu es tam ver Deo quam ver hom. Cristianes crede que il esset incarnat, nascet de [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]], predicat li regne de Deo, esset crucificat, mortet e esset resuscitat del mortes. Li major cristian traditiones considera su morte e resurrection quam central por li reconciliation inter Deo e homanité. === Salvation === Cristianes crede que homanité besona salvation del peccá e reconciliation con Deo. Li exact explication del salvation varia inter cristian traditiones. Temas quam gratia, fide, repentance, bon labores, sacramentes, sanctification e li role del ecclesia es accentuat in diferent manieres de Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant teologies. Malgré ti diferenties, li major traditiones associa salvation fundamentalmen con li vive, morte e resurrection de Jesu Crist. === Resurrection e etern vive === Cristianisme enseña li resurrection del mortes e un final judicie de Deo. Cristian traditiones generalmen crede in etern vive con Deo e in li realitá del separation de Deo, tradicionalmen descrit con conceptes quam ciel e inferne. Exact interpretationes de ti doctrines varia inter ecclesias e teologic traditiones. == Bible == Li '''[[Bible]]''' es li collection de scrites considerat sant del cristianes. It consiste de du principal partes: * li '''[[Old Testament]]''', contenent scrites hereditat principalmen del antiqui israelit e judéic tradition; * li '''[[Nov Testament]]''', quel contene 27 libres pri Jesu Crist e li unesim cristian movement. Li Nov Testament include li quar [[Evangelie]]s de Matthew, Marcus, Lucas e Johannes; li Actes del Apostoles; li epistoles; e li Libre del Revelation. Catolic, Ortodox e Protestant traditiones have alcun diferenties in li canon del Old Testament, significante que lor editiones del Bible ne contene exactmen li sam collection de libres. Interpretation del Bible anc varia. Alcun traditiones accentua li relation inter Scritura e ecclesiastic tradition, durante que mult Protestant traditiones accentua li principie de ''sola Scriptura'', secun quel Scritura es li suprem autorité por cristian doctrine. == Principal traditiones == Cristianisme consiste de mult ecclesias, denominationes e traditiones. Classification posse variar, ma pluri grand families es generalmen reconosset.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/church-families «Church families»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Catolicisme === Li '''[[Catolicisme]]''' es li max grand individual tradition del cristianisme. Li [[Ecclesia Catolic]] consiste del Latin Ecclesia e li Oriental Catolic ecclesias, omni in communion con li episcop de Roma, conosset quam li [[Pape]]. Catolicisme accentua li Bible e Sant Tradition, li historic succession del episcopes, e li sacramental vive del ecclesia. It reconosse septe sacramentes, includent baptisme, Eucharistie e confirmation. === Oriental Ortodoxisme === Li '''[[Ortodoxisme|Oriental Ortodox Ecclesia]]''' consiste de un comunité de autonom e autocefal ecclesias, includent li Grec, Russ, Serbian, Romanian e altri Ortodox ecclesias. Ili comparte un comun sacramental e teologic tradition e reconosse li unesim septe ecumenic concilies. Ili ne have un singul universal episcop con li autorité quel li Pape have in Catolicisme. === Oriental Ortodox ecclesias === Li '''Oriental Ortodox ecclesias''' include li Coptic Ortodox, Armenian Apostolic, Syriac Ortodox, Ethiopian Ortodox Tewahedo, Eritrean Ortodox Tewahedo e Malankara Ortodox Syrian ecclesias. Ti ecclesias accepta li unesim tri ecumenic concilies ma ne acceptat li definition del Concilium de Chalcedon de 451. Ili representa un antiqui cristian tradition distinct de tam Catolicisme quam li Oriental Ortodox tradition. === Protestantisme === Li '''[[Protestantisme]]''' originat principalmen del Reformation del 16-esim secul. Protestantisme ne es un singul ecclesia. It include mult ecclesiastic families, quam: * [[Lutheranisme]]; * traditiones Reformat e [[Calvinisme|Calvinist]]; * [[Anglicanisme]]; * [[Anabaptisme]]; * [[Baptiste]]; * [[Metodisme]]; * [[Pentecostalisme]]; * mult evangelical e independent ecclesias. Protestant traditiones varia considerabilmen in organisation, cultu e teologie, ma historicmen accentua doctrines quam justification per fide e li autorité del Scritura. == Ecclesia e ministerie == Li terme '''[[Ecclesia]]''' posse significar un local congregation, un particular denomination o, in teologic sense, li universal comunité de cristian credentes. Formes de ecclesiastic guvernament varia. Catolic, Ortodox, Anglican e alcun altri ecclesias usa episcopal structures con episcopes. Presbyterian e Reformat traditiones posse esser guvernat de concilies de presbiteros. Mult Baptist e independent ecclesias practica congregational guvernament. Cristian conductores posse esser nominat pastores, sacerdotes, presbiteros, episcopes, diacones o altri titules, dependent del tradition. == Sacramentes e cultu == Cristian cultu varia considerabilmen inter traditiones e culturas. Comun elementes include prega, letion del Bible, predication, cantation e celebration de sacramentes o ordinanties. === Baptisme === '''[[Baptisme]]''' es un ritual de initiation practicat de quasi omni major cristian traditiones. It usa aqua e es associat con admission al cristian comunité. Catolic, Ortodox, Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri ecclesias practica baptisme de infantes. Baptist e mult evangelical traditiones ordinarmen baptisa solmen persones qui personalmen professe lor fide. Li metode posse includer immersion, infusion o aspersion de aqua. === Eucharistie === Li '''[[Eucharistie]]''', anc nominat Sant Communion o Cena del Senior, commemora li ultim cena de Jesu con su discipules. Catolic e Ortodox traditiones considera li Eucharistie un sacrament in quel Crist es realmen present. Lutheran, Anglican, Reformat e altri Protestant traditiones have diferent interpretationes del presentie de Crist. Alcun Protestant gruppes considera li Cena precipue quam un memorial. == Cristian vive e etica == Cristian etica es basat sur li doctrinas del Bible e li interpretationes de diferent ecclesiastic traditiones. Li du comandamentes de amar Deo e amar li proxim es central in li moral instruction atribuet a Jesu. Li [[Deci Comandamentes]] anc ha un important role in cristian moral tradition. Cristian etica ha tractat temas quam familie, sexualitá, justicie, guerra e pace, richesse e povritá, cura del malades, protection del vulnerabiles e responsabilitá por li creation. Exact moral positiones varia inter ecclesias e denominationes. == Prega e spiritualitá == Prega es un fundamental practica del cristian vive. It posse esser individual o comunal, spontan o liturgic. Li '''[[Patre Nor]]''', quel li Evangelies atribue a Jesu, es un del max universalmen usat cristian preges. Altri spiritual practicas include meditation del Scritura, jejun, cantation de hymnes, peregrination e actes de caritá. Catolic, Ortodox e alcun Anglican e Lutheran traditiones anc practica devotion relacionat con [[Maria, matre de Jesu|Maria]] e li [[sant]]es. Mult Protestant traditiones ne practica invocation del santes e accentua direct prega a Deo. == Festas del cristianisme == Li cristian calendare varia inter traditiones, ma pluri festas es largmen celebrat. === Crist-nascentie === '''[[Crist-nascentie]]''' celebra li nascentie de Jesu Crist. In mult occidental ecclesias it es celebrat li 25 decembre. Alcun Oriental ecclesias usa un diferent calendare e celebra li festa in un diferent civil date. === Pasca === '''[[Pasca]]''' commemora li resurrection de Jesu del mortes e es li central annual festa in mult cristian traditiones. It es precedet del Sant Semane, quel commemora li ultim dies, crucifixion e morte de Jesu. === Pentecost === '''[[Pentecost]]''' commemora li descense del Sant Spirite sur li discipules de Jesu, racontat in li Actes del Apostoles. Altri important festas include [[Epifanie]], [[Sant Venerdí]] e, in mult traditiones, Ascension. == Cristianisme in li munde == Cristianisme es un global religion con adherentes in quasi omni landes. [[File:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 027 - A church service in a modern church - Kigali.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Un cristian servicie in Kigali, Rwanda, in 2021. Africa es hodie un del major centres del global cristianisme.]] Secun li Pew Research Center, cristianes numerat circa 2,3 milliard in 2020, o 28,8 percent del population mundial. Cristianes restat li max grand religiosi gruppe, ma lor proportion del global population diminuet inter 2010 e 2020.<ref name="Pew2025" /> Li geographic distribution del cristianisme ha changeat considerabilmen durant su historie. Durant mult secules Europa esset un principal centre del cristian munde, ma hodie grand cristian populationes existe in Latin America, Africa, Nord America e partes de Asia. Cristianisme es culturalmen e linguisticmen divers. Formes de cultu, musica, ecclesiastic organisation e local traditiones posse variar mult inter regiones, mem quande congregationes comparte li sam basic confession de fide. == Ecumenisme == '''Ecumenisme''' es li movement por plu grand cooperation e unitá inter cristian ecclesias. Durant li 20-esim secul mult denominationes developat formal dialogues e cooperative organisationes. Li '''[[World Council of Churches]]''', fundat in 1948, include mult Ortodox, Anglican, Lutheran, Reformat, Methodist, Baptist e altri ecclesias.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/member-churches «Member churches»], ''World Council of Churches''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> Li Ecclesia Catolic ne es membre del World Council of Churches, ma coopera con it in divers manieres e participa in numerosi ecumenic dialogues. Important doctrinal diferenties continua existir inter cristian traditiones, includent questiones pri ecclesiastic autorité, li papatu, sacramentes, ministerie, justification e interpretation del Scritura. == Relationes con altri religiones == Cristianisme originat ex li religiosi e cultural ambiente del [[Judaisme]], e li Old Testament del cristian Bible deriva del antiqui israelit e judéic scrituras. Cristianes, judéos e musulmanes es sovente classificat quam adherentes de Abrahamic religiones, pro lor historic relation con [[Abraham]] e li traditiones del antiqui Oriente Proxim. Relationes inter cristianes e adherentes de altri religiones ha variat considerabilmen tra historie, includent periodes de coexistence, dialog, competition, discrimination e violent conflicte. In modern témpor mult cristian ecclesias participa in interreligiosi dialog e cooperation. Li considerable diversitá intra cristianisme e altri religiones significa que positiones pri interreligiosi relationes varia inter comunidades.<ref>[https://www.oikoumene.org/resources/documents/religious-plurality-and-christian-self-understanding «Religious plurality and Christian self-understanding»], ''World Council of Churches''.</ref> == Vide anc == * [[Jesu]] * [[Bible]] * [[Ecclesia]] * [[Catolicisme]] * [[Ortodoxisme]] * [[Protestantisme]] * [[Reformation protestant]] * [[Baptiste]] * [[Trinitá]] * [[Ecumenisme]] == Referenties == <references /> == Extern ligaments == * [https://www.oikoumene.org/ World Council of Churches] * [https://www.vatican.va/ Santa Sede] {{Cristianisme}} {{Religion}} [[Categorie:Cristianisme]] [[Categorie:Religiones]] 3nvuslwdkgxo76zkaitg16sy083difh Imogen Poots 0 18650 169092 169087 2026-09-10T20:52:58Z Dorlota 13847 169092 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Biografie |nómine = Imogen Poots |foto = Imogen Poots Comic-Con 2011.jpg |land = {{GBR}} |nascentie = 3-im de junio 1989 |nas_loc = Hammersmith, London |morte = |mort_loc = |ocupation = Actoressa }} '''Imogen Poots''' es un actoressa de [[cinemá]] e [[television]] del [[Reyatu Unit]]. Ella nascet li 3-im de junio 1989 in [[Hammersmith]], [[London]] e devenit internationalman famosi per luder in li annu 2007 li rol de ''Tammy'' in li [[horror-film]] [[28 Weeks later]]. Imogen Poots es activ quam actoressa desde li annu 2004. In li annu 2017 ella ludet con [[Jesse Eisenberg]] in li [[horror-film]] [[Vivarium]]. Imogen Poots esset ínter 2017 e 2023 in un relation con li actor [[Anglia|angles]] [[James Norton]] e ínter 2022 e 2023 li cuple mem esset spondet. {{DEFAULTSORT:Poots, Imogen}} [[Categorie: Actoressas]] ebwoh2hle55p3rbfv6epqq7yvgojiy1 Mia Farrow 0 21242 169093 2026-09-10T21:01:24Z Dorlota 13847 Creat págine contenente «{{Biografie |nómine = Mia Farrow |foto = Mia Farrow - Rosemary's Baby.jpg |land = {{USA}} |nascentie = 9-im de februar 1945 |nas_loc = Los Angeles, California |morte = |mort_loc = |ocupation = Actoressa }} '''Mia Farrow''', nascet quam M''aria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow'', es un actoressa de [[cinemá]] e [[television]] de [[USA]]. Ella nascet li 9-im de februar 1945 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] e devenit internationalman famosi per luder in li annu 1...» 169093 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Biografie |nómine = Mia Farrow |foto = Mia Farrow - Rosemary's Baby.jpg |land = {{USA}} |nascentie = 9-im de februar 1945 |nas_loc = Los Angeles, California |morte = |mort_loc = |ocupation = Actoressa }} '''Mia Farrow''', nascet quam M''aria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow'', es un actoressa de [[cinemá]] e [[television]] de [[USA]]. Ella nascet li 9-im de februar 1945 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] e devenit internationalman famosi per luder in li annu 1968 li rol de ''Rosemany'' in li [[horror-film]] [[Rosemary's Baby]] del film-director [[Roman Polanski]]. Mia Farrow anc ludet in pluri filmes del film director [[Woody Allen]] e ganiat li premie [[Golden Globe]]. Mia Farrow es activ quam actoressa desde li annu 1959. Mia Farrow esset maritat con li actor e cantator [[Frank Sinatra]] ínter 1966 e 1968 e ínter 1970 e 1979 con li compositor [[André Previn]]. Ella esset in un relation con li film director [[Woody Allen]] ínter 1980 e 1992. Mia Farrow have 14 infantes. {{DEFAULTSORT:Farrow, Mia}} [[Categorie: Actoressas]] 1gadelgpuvinj0a6nt0m2lxkz84y1fh 169094 169093 2026-09-10T21:01:38Z Dorlota 13847 169094 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Biografie |nómine = Mia Farrow |foto = Mia Farrow - Rosemary's Baby.jpg |land = {{USA}} |nascentie = 9-im de februar 1945 |nasc_loc = Los Angeles, California |morte = |mort_loc = |ocupation = Actoressa }} '''Mia Farrow''', nascet quam M''aria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow'', es un actoressa de [[cinemá]] e [[television]] de [[USA]]. Ella nascet li 9-im de februar 1945 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] e devenit internationalman famosi per luder in li annu 1968 li rol de ''Rosemany'' in li [[horror-film]] [[Rosemary's Baby]] del film-director [[Roman Polanski]]. Mia Farrow anc ludet in pluri filmes del film director [[Woody Allen]] e ganiat li premie [[Golden Globe]]. Mia Farrow es activ quam actoressa desde li annu 1959. Mia Farrow esset maritat con li actor e cantator [[Frank Sinatra]] ínter 1966 e 1968 e ínter 1970 e 1979 con li compositor [[André Previn]]. Ella esset in un relation con li film director [[Woody Allen]] ínter 1980 e 1992. Mia Farrow have 14 infantes. {{DEFAULTSORT:Farrow, Mia}} [[Categorie: Actoressas]] 2ueip758eley43jnxiwqycgupsnpcu4 169095 169094 2026-09-10T21:05:00Z Dorlota 13847 169095 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Biografie |nómine = Mia Farrow |foto = Mia Farrow - Rosemary's Baby.jpg |land = {{USA}} |nascentie = 9-im de februar 1945 |nasc_loc = Los Angeles, California |morte = |mort_loc = |ocupation = Actoressa }} '''Mia Farrow''', nascet quam M''aria de Lourdes Villiers Farrow'', es un actoressa de [[cinemá]] e [[television]] de [[USA]]. Ella nascet li 9-im de februar 1945 in [[Los Angeles]], [[California]] e devenit internationalman famosi per luder in li annu 1968 li rol de ''Rosemany'' in li [[horror-film]] [[Rosemary's Baby]] del film-director [[Roman Polanski]]. Mia Farrow anc ludet in pluri filmes del film director [[Woody Allen]] e ganiat li premie [[Golden Globe]]. Mia Farrow es activ quam actoressa desde li annu 1959. Mia Farrow esset maritat con li actor e cantator [[Frank Sinatra]] ínter 1966 e 1968 e ínter 1970 e 1979 con li compositor [[André Previn]]. Ella esset in un relation con li film director [[Woody Allen]] ínter 1980 e 1992. Mia Farrow have 14 infantes, ma 10 infantes esset adoptet. Mia Farrow es anc un activista e labora li [[UNICEF]]. {{DEFAULTSORT:Farrow, Mia}} [[Categorie: Actoressas]] hi02g1jdonp9qq0ffhzhbqxyh21hbhn Evangelic-lutheran eclesie 0 21243 169096 2026-09-10T22:53:42Z Lanceperry2018 12630 Creation e expansion del articul: historie, credenties, organisation, cultu, social doctrina, ecumenic relationes e referenties. 169096 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evangelic Lutheran Ecclesia in America''' (anglesi: ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America'', abreviat '''ELCA''') es un [[Lutheranisme|Lutheran]] cristian denomination in li [[Unit States]]. It es li max grand Lutheran denomination in li Unit States e un del major protestant ecclesias del land. Li ELCA esset format in 1988 per li union de tri Lutheran ecclesias: li '''American Lutheran Church''', li '''Lutheran Church in America''' e li '''Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches'''.<ref name="ELCA-history">[https://www.elca.org/about-the-elca/who-we-are/history «History of the ELCA»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> Su central organisation es situat in [[Chicago]], [[Illinois]]. Secun statisticas del fine de 2024, li ELCA havet circa 2,7 million membres in plu quam 8 400 congregationes.<ref name="ELCA-statistics">[https://resources.elca.org/congregations-and-synod-data/summary-of-congregational-statistics-as-of-12-31-2024/ «Summary of Congregational Statistics as of 12-31-2024»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America'', 17 julí 2025.</ref> Li ecclesia es organisat in 65 sinodes. Desde li 1 octobre 2025, su president episcop es [[Yehiel Curry]].<ref name="Curry">[https://www.elca.org/people/presiding-bishop-yehiel-curry «Presiding Bishop Yehiel Curry»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> == Historie == === Lutheranisme in America === Li radicas del Lutheranisme in Nord America retorna al 17-esim secul, quande Lutheran immigrantes ex Europa comensat etablisser comunidades e congregationes in li Americas. Li ELCA tracia su historic radicas al medie del 17-esim secul, quande Lutheran immigrantes etablisset se in li Virgin Insules e in li region de hodial [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref name="ELCA-history" /> Durant li sequent secules, numerosi Lutheran sinodes e denominationes developat in li Unit States. Mult de ili esset originalmen associat con immigrant comunidades, specialmen de Germania e Scandinavia. Durant li 19-esim e 20-esim secules, diferent Lutheran gruppes unit se in plu grand ecclesiastic organisationes. Ti process de consolidation eventualmen ductet al creation del modern ELCA. === Formation del ELCA === Li ELCA esset creat per li union de tri predecessor ecclesias: * li '''American Lutheran Church''' (ALC); * li '''Lutheran Church in America''' (LCA); * li '''Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches''' (AELC). Li constitutiv convention del nov ecclesia evenit in 1987, e li ELCA oficialmen comensat su operationes li 1 januar 1988.<ref name="ELCA-history" /> [[Herbert W. Chilstrom]] esset electet quam li unesim president episcop del nov denomination. Li union reunit Lutheran traditiones con diferent etnic e institutional histories. Desde su formation, li ELCA ha developat un national organisation durante que local congregationes e regional sinodes continua haver un important role in li vive del ecclesia. == Credenties e teologie == Li ELCA apartene al Lutheran tradition del [[Protestantisme]], quel originat in li [[Reformation protestant]] del 16-esim secul e es specialmen associat con [[Martin Luther]].<ref name="ELCA-beliefs">[https://www.elca.org/about-the-elca/who-we-are/beliefs «What Lutherans Believe»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Salvation e gratia === Un central doctrine del Lutheran teologie es li '''justification per gratia tra fide'''. Secun ti doctrine, homan seres ne obtene salvation per propri merites o bon labores, ma es justificat de Deo per su gratia, receptet tra fide in [[Jesu Crist]]. Li ELCA considera li Evangelie de Jesu Crist quam li centre de su fide e teologie. === Bible === Li ELCA considera li [[Bible|Sant Scritura]], includent li Old e Nov Testament, quam li inspirat testimonie del revelation de Deo e quam fundamental por li proclamation e doctrina del ecclesia. In su interpretation del Scritura, li ELCA accentua Jesu Crist quam li centre del biblic testimonie. Li Scritura, li historic cristian credes e li Lutheran confessiones forma li principal fontes de su doctrinal tradition.<ref name="ELCA-theology">[https://www.elca.org/about-the-elca/who-we-are/beliefs/theology «ELCA & Lutheran Teaching & Theology»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Credes e confessiones === Li ELCA accepta li historic cristian credes: * li [[Crede Apostolic]]; * li [[Crede Nicen]]; * li [[Crede Atanasian]]. Quam un Lutheran ecclesia, it anc accepta li Lutheran confessiones contenet in li '''[[Libre de Concordie]]''' (''Book of Concord''). Ti collection include li '''[[Confession de Augsburg]]''' de 1530 e li micri e grand catecismes de [[Martin Luther]].<ref name="ELCA-theology" /> == Sacramentes e cultu == Li cultu del ELCA continua li historic Lutheran liturgic tradition, benque formes de cultu posse variar considerabilmen inter local congregationes. Li proclamation del Bible, predication, prega, cantation e celebration del sacramentes ocupa un central loc in Lutheran cultu. Li ELCA reconosse '''Sant Baptisme''' e '''Sant Communion''' quam sacramentes e descri les, junt con li proclamat Parol, quam medies de gratia.<ref name="ELCA-worship">[https://www.elca.org/worship-with-us/about-worship «What Worship Means in the ELCA»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Baptisme === Li ELCA practica baptisme de infantes quam anc de adultes. Aqua es usat con li invocation del Patre, li Filio e li Sant Spirite. In Lutheran teologie, baptisme es considerat un medie de gratia e ne solmen un simbolic declaration de fide. === Sant Communion === Li '''Sant Communion''', anc nominat li Cena del Senior o Eucharistie, ocupa un central loc in Lutheran cultu. Li ELCA enseña que Jesu Crist es present in li sacrament. Pan e vin es distribuet quam parte del celebration del Cena del Senior. Li Lutheran interpretation difere tam de un purmen simbolic conception del Communion quam del traditional Roman-catolic explication per transsubstantiation. == Organisation == Li ELCA descri se quam un ecclesia con tri principal expressiones: '''congregationes, sinodes e li general organisation del ecclesia'''.<ref name="ELCA-structure">[https://www.elca.org/about-the-elca/church-structure «Church Structure»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> === Congregationes === Li local congregation es li fundamental comunité u membres celebra cultu, studia li fide e participa in servicie. Congregationes have lor propri membres, pastores e local administration, ma participa in li plu grand organisation del ELCA. === Sinodes === Li ELCA es dividet in '''65 sinodes''', gruppat in '''nov regiones'''. Chascun sinod es ductet de un electet episcop e include congregationes de un determinat geographic region.<ref name="ELCA-synods">[https://www.elca.org/about-the-elca/church-structure/synods «Synods»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> Li sinodes supporta congregationes e ministeries, provide regional cooperation e participa in li formation e selection de ecclesiastic conductores. === General organisation === Li general organisation del ELCA, con sede in Chicago, coordina activitás quam mission, education, social servicie, ecumenic relationes e international cooperation. Li '''Churchwide Assembly''' es li principal legislativ assemblé del denomination. It electe principal conductores e decide important questiones concernent li vive, doctrina e politica del ecclesia. Li '''president episcop''' (anglesi: ''Presiding Bishop'') es li principal pastoral e public conductor del ELCA. [[Yehiel Curry]] esset electet al position li 30 julí 2025 e comensat su six-annual mandate li 1 octobre 2025. Ante ti election, il esset episcop del Metropolitan Chicago Synod.<ref name="Curry" /> == Ministerie == Li ELCA ordina pastores por li ministerie de Parol e Sacrament. It anc have diacones por li ministerie de Parol e Servicie. Pastores predica, administra li sacramentes, instrue li congregation e provide pastoral cura. Li predecessor ecclesias del ELCA comensat ordinar féminas quam pastores in 1970. Elizabeth Platz devenit li unesim fémina ordinat de un Lutheran ecclesia in li Unit States in novembre 1970.<ref>[https://download.elca.org/ELCA%20Resource%20Repository/Womens_50th_Adult_Forum.pdf «Proclaiming • Reforming • Celebrating: 50 Years of Ordained Women»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''.</ref> Li ELCA continua li ordination de féminas, e féminas posse servir quam pastores e episcopes. == Social doctrina == Li ELCA publica oficial '''social declarationes''' concernent moral e social questiones. Ti documentes es doctrinal e politic documentes adoptet per un du-trièm majorité del Churchwide Assembly e servi quam guides por li positiones e public activitá del denomination.<ref name="ELCA-social">[https://www.elca.org/about-the-elca/who-we-are/our-purpose/social-teachings «Social Teachings»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> Li social declarationes tracta temas quam economic vive, pace, rasse, familie, sexualitá, abortion, ambiente, education e criminal justicie. === Sexualitá e sam-sexu relationes === In 2009 li Churchwide Assembly adoptet li social declaration '''''Human Sexuality: Gift and Trust'''''. Li document tracta maritage, familie, sexualitá e sam-sexu relationes e reconosse que diferent convictiones existe intra li ecclesia concernent sam-sexu relationes.<ref name="ELCA-sexuality">[https://www.elca.org/how-we-serve/elca-in-society/lgbtqia «LGBTQIA+ Affirmation & Advocacy»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America''. Accesset 10 septembre 2026.</ref> In li sam annu, li ELCA modificat su ministerial politica por permisser persones in publicmen responsabil, permanent e monogam sam-sexu relationes servir in ordinat e altri oficial ministeries.<ref>[https://listserv.elca.org/scripts/wa.exe?A2=ind0909&D=0&H=A&L=ELCANEWS&P=15186 «ELCA Churchwide Assembly actions on ministry policies»], ''ELCA News Service'', 2009.</ref> Li ecclesia ha permisset divers practicas concernent sam-sexu relationes, respectante diferent conscientie-ligat convictiones intra su congregationes. Decisiones concernent li recognition de tal relationes es in important parte fat del local congregationes e pastores.<ref>[https://listserv.elca.org/scripts/wa.exe?A3=ind1506&B=--_000_CF970D75CB711347A62B1DE29110D1CD01442A0F07ELCACB38adelc_&E=quoted-printable&L=ELCANEWS&P=223990&T=text%2Fhtml%3B+charset%3Dus-ascii «ELCA response concerning same-gender marriage»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America'', 2015.</ref> Ti decisiones esset controvers e contribuet a conflictes e separationes de alcun congregationes e membres del ELCA. === Abortion === Li ELCA adoptet un social declaration concernent abortion in 1991. Su position es formulat quam un complex moral approche quel explicitmen passa ultra li usual distinction inter ''pro-life'' e ''pro-choice''.<ref name="ELCA-abortion">[https://www.elca.org/social-teachings/1991-abortion-theological-discernment-social-statements «Abortion»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America'', 1991.</ref> Li declaration considera li developant prenatal vive quam moralmen significant e accentua support por féminas, infantes e families. It anc reconosse circumstanties in quel un decision por abortion posse esser considerat moralmen responsabil. Li ELCA consequentmen ne presenta su position quam un absolut prohibition ni quam un affirmation que omni abortion es moralmen equivalent.<ref name="ELCA-abortion" /> == Ecumenic relationes == Li ELCA es activ in li ecumenic movement e es membre del '''[[Lutheran World Federation]]'''.<ref name="ELCA-beliefs" /> It ha etablisset relationes de '''plen communion''' con pluri altri cristian denominationes in li Unit States. Plen communion significa que li ecclesias reconosse un comun fundamental comprension del cristian fide e posse cooperar in mission e ministerie; it ne significa que ili deveni un singul denomination.<ref name="ELCA-beliefs" /> Inter li ecclesias con quel li ELCA have acordies de plen communion es: * [[Episcopal Ecclesia (Unit States)|Episcopal Ecclesia]]; * [[Presbyterian Church (USA)]]; * [[Reformed Church in America]]; * [[United Church of Christ]]; * [[Moravian Church]]; * [[United Methodist Church]]. Un specialmen important acord es '''''Called to Common Mission''''' inter li ELCA e li Episcopal Ecclesia. Li du ecclesias intrat in plen communion li 6 januar 2001.<ref>[https://www.elca.org/news/deacons-included-in-new-elca-episcopal-clergy-exchange-guidelines «Deacons Included in New ELCA, Episcopal Clergy Exchange Guidelines»], ''Evangelical Lutheran Church in America'', 8 januar 2026.</ref> == Membritá == Li ELCA es li max grand Lutheran denomination in li Unit States. Secun statisticas por li fine de 2024, it havet circa '''2,7 million membres''' in plu quam '''8 400 congregationes'''.<ref name="ELCA-statistics" /> Li congregationes e sinodes del ELCA existe tra li Unit States, Puerto Rico e li Virgin Insules del Unit States.<ref name="ELCA-synods" /> Quam mult historic protestant denominationes in li Unit States, li ELCA ha experimentat un significant reduction de membritá durant li recent decennies. == Relation con altri Lutheran denominationes == Li Lutheranisme in li Unit States include pluri denominationes con important teologic diferenties. Li ELCA es generalmen associat con li principal o ''mainline'' protestant tradition. It difere in pluri doctrinal, ecclesiastic e social questiones de plu conservativ Lutheran gruppes quam li '''[[Lutheran Church—Missouri Synod]]''' (LCMS) e li '''[[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]]''' (WELS). Inter li diferenties es li interpretation del Scritura, li ordination de féminas, ecumenic cooperation e cert social e sexual-etical questiones. Malgré ti diferenties, li denominationes comparte historic radicas in li Lutheran Reformation e li teologic hereditage de Martin Luther. == Vide anc == * [[Lutheranisme]] * [[Martin Luther]] * [[Reformation protestant]] * [[Libre de Concordie]] * [[Confession de Augsburg]] * [[Lutheran World Federation]] * [[Protestantisme]] == Referenties == <references /> == Extern ligaments == * [https://www.elca.org/ Oficial website del Evangelic Lutheran Ecclesia in America] [[Categorie:Lutheranisme]] [[Categorie:Protestantisme]] [[Categorie:Cristianisme in li Unit States]] csuntyvxmrpg4zedydt2mvekk7qgyq2