Nassima Saifi

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'''Nassima Saifi''' (Ọmụmụ 29 October 1988) bụ nwa afọ nke Algeria nke na atụ ihe ọtụtụ. Saifi nke na enweghi otu ụkwụ bụ kwa onye nke ritere ihe nrite nke ọlaedo ugboro abụọ na ihe egwuruegwu nke ndi na enweghi ụkwụ na aka. Saifi eritere ihe nrite ugboro atọ na ihe egwuruegwu nke ndi uwa nile.

== Ihe Gbasara Ya ==
Obodo ọmụmụ Saifi bụ ebe nke ana akpọ Mila nke di na Algeria.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/static/info/doha-2015/ENG/ZB/ZBB101A_QA2015AT@@@@@@@ENG_number=2893.htm|title=Saifi, Nassima|work=Paralympic.org|accessdate=4 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ọdachi biara danyere Saifi na okporo ụzọ mgbe ụgbọ ala biara kụrụ ya. Ihe ọdachi nkea mere ka egbupu ya ụkwụ ikpa ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/asp/lib/theasp.asp?pageid=8937&amp;sportid=513&amp;personid=687351&amp;refreshauto=1|title=Saifi, Nassima|work=International Paralympic Committee |accessdate=4 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya nyere ya ndụmọdụ ka otinye uche ya na ihe gbasara itụ ihe otụtụ. Na oge na adighi anya, nwa ada Saifi biara nonyere ndi otu '''Mila Handisport Club''' ma soro ha mụta ka esi atụ ihe otụtụ.&lt;ref name=dj&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/179805|title=Nassima Saifi, Championne Du Monde Du Lancer De Disque|publisher=Dja Zairess|accessdate=19 February 2017|archivedate=20 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170220020354/http://www.djazairess.com/fr/horizons/179805}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nkwalite ==
{{reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Saifi, Nassima}}

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    <title>Nkem Owoh</title>
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'''Nkem Owoh''' bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ọchị.({{Audio|Ig-Nkem Owoh.ogg|listen}}) N'afọ 2008,  O ritere ihe nrite African Movie Academy Award maka &quot;Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ ndu&quot; maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Naijiria, &quot;Stronger than Pain&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;amaa1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2008-winners.html|title=AMAA 2008: List of Nominees and Winners|accessdate=2021-10-21|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013182514/https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2008-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ Nkem Owoh na Enugu State, Nigeria. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị, ọ gara Mahadum Federal nke Ọrụ Ugbo, Abeokuta ma mụọ injinia. N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum, Owoh malitere ime ihe nkiri na oyoyo na ihe nkiri dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamma.com/entertainment/4127-i-am-also-anti-419-says-nkem-owoh.html|title=Biography of Nkem Owoh|accessdate=2009-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123162339/http://www.ghanamma.com/entertainment/4127-i-am-also-anti-419-says-nkem-owoh.html|archivedate=January 23, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A makwara ya maka ịme egwu &quot;I Go Chop Your Dollar&quot; banyere wayo ịkwụ ụgwọ.  E gosipụtara abụ ahụ na ihe nkiri The Master nke Owoh na-eme ka onye aghụghọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;thereg&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/07/02/419_singer_caught/|title='I Go Chop Your Dollar' star arrested|publisher=[[The Register]]|date=2007-07-02|author=Jan Libbenga}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
Kọmitii na-ahụ maka mpụ akụ na ụba na ego na Kọmitii mgbasa ozi Naịjirịa machibidoro abụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;onlinenigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=10158&amp;z=3|title=Police Arrest Nkem Owoh in Holland|date=2007-07-04|publisher=NigeriaMovies.net|accessdate=2021-10-21|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001107/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=10158&amp;z=3}}20&lt;/ref&gt;
N'afọ 2007, e jidere Owoh na Amsterdam, Netherlands (ógbèijlmermeer na Amsterdam Zuidoost borough) n'ihi nyocha ọnwa asaa nke ndị uwe ojii Dutch kpọrọ &quot;Operation Apollo&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;thereg&quot; /&gt; E jidere Owoh mgbe ọ na-eme ihe ngosi egwu mgbe ndị uwe ojii wakporo ihe omume ahụ ma jide mmadụ 111 na-enyo enyo maka aghụghọ lọtrị na mmebi iwu nke mbata. E mechara tọhapụ Owoh.&lt;ref name=&quot;onlinenigeria&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=10159&amp;z=3|title='I Go Chop Your Dollar' star arrested|accessdate=27 November 2009|archivedate=16 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111630/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=10159&amp;z=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'ọnwa Nọvemba nafọ 2009, a tọọrọ Owoh n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elombah.com/index.php/reports/sports-news/3-news/entertainment-news/2148-nkem-owoh-osuofia-kidnapped Nkem Owoh (Osuofia) Kidnapped]&lt;/ref&gt;  Ndị tọọrọ ya chọrọ mgbapụta nde naira iri na ise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.9jabook.com/m/blogpost?id=2109467%3ABlogPost%3A1066429 |title=Breaking News Osuofia (Nkem Owoh) Kidnapped |accessdate=2021-10-21 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002059/http://www.9jabook.com/m/blogpost?id=2109467:BlogPost:1066429 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ Owoh mgbe ndị ezinụlọ ya kwụrụ ụgwọ mgbapụta nke nde naira 1.4 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/nov/16/national-16-11-2009-00-005.htm|title=Jubilation in Nollywood as Osuofia is freed|accessdate=27 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119032109/http://sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/nov/16/national-16-11-2009-00-005.htm|archivedate=19 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbckidnap&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8353578.stm|title='Scam comic' kidnapped in Nigeria|date=2009-11-10|publisher=BBC News}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Film
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Notes
|-
|1987
|''Things Fall Apart''
|
|with [[Pete Edochie]]
|-
|1993
|''Circle of Doom 2''
|
|with [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]]
|-
|1995
|''Rattlesnake''
|Odinaka
|with Francis Duru
|-
|2000
|''Ukwa''
|
|with Patience Ozokwor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1999
|''Big Man...Big Trouble''
|
|
|-
|''Sawam''
|
|with Francis Agu
|-
|''Conspiracy''
|
|with [[Onyeka Onwenu]]
|-
|2001
|''Onye-Eze''
|Onye-Eze
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2002
|''Fake Doctor''
|Dr. Zebedi
|
|-
|''Ifeonye Metalu''
|
|
|-
|''Long John''
|
|
|-
|''Police Officer''
|
|
|-
|''Spanner''
|
|with [[Chinedu Ikedieze]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2003
|''Anunuebe''
|
|
|-
|''King of the Forest''
|
|
|-
|''Lion Finger''
|
|
|-
|''Mr. Trouble''
|
|with Patience Ozokwor
|-
|''Osuofia in London''
|Osuofia
|
|-
|''Police Recruit''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2004
|''America Visa''
|
|
|-
|''My Driver''
|
|
|-
|''My Own Share''
|
|
|-
|''Osuofia in London 2''
|Osuofia
|
|-
|''Spanner Goes to Jail''
|
|with [[Chinedu Ikedieze]]
|-
|''The Master''
|
|with [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''Akanchawa ''
|
|
|-
|''Bus Driver''
|
|with [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Egbuson]]
|-
|''The Prince''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |2006
|''A Fool at 40''
|Hygenius
|
|-
|''Captain''
|
|
|-
|''Foreign Base''
|
|
|-
|''Indemnity''
|Egbentu
|
|-
|''Made in Cambridge''
|
|
|-
|''My Kingdom Come''
|
|
|-
|''The Barrister''
|Athanasius
|
|-
|''The Dreamer''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2007
|''Battle of Indemnity''
|Egbentu
|
|-
|''Covenant Keeping God''
|Samuel
|
|-
|''De prof''
|
|
|-
|''Johnbull &amp; Rosekate''
|Johnbull
|
|-
|''Persecution''
|
|
|-
|''Stronger Than Pain''
|Ulonna
|with [[Kate Henshaw|Kate Henshaw-Nuttal]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Owoh's performance in this film earned him the ''Best Actor in a Leading Role'' award&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; at the African Movie Academy Awards in 2008
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2008
|''His Holiness''
|Onyabo
|
|-
|''His Last Action''
|
|
|-
|''Wonderful Man''
|
|
|-
|2012
|''Military Zone''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2015
|''Ghana Must Go'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Ghana Must Go': Everything you need to know about Yvonne Okoro's upcoming movie|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-must-go-everything-you-need-to-know-about-yvonne-okoros-upcoming-movie-id3773877.html|work=Pulse Nigeria|publisher=Chidumga Izuzu|accessdate=19 May 2015|archivedate=16 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816140821/http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-must-go-everything-you-need-to-know-about-yvonne-okoros-upcoming-movie-id3773877.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2018
|''[[Lionheart (2018 film)|Lionheart]]''
|Chief Godswill
|
|-
|2019
|''Kpali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-28|title=‘Kpali’ for Nigerian Immigrants|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/12/28/kpali-for-nigerian-immigrants/|accessdate=2021-04-12|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Mr. Kalayor
|with [[Gloria Young]] and [[Ini Dima-Okojie]]
|-
|2021
|''My Village People''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwogu|first=Precious|date=2021-05-31|title=Watch the official trailer for 'My Village People'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-the-official-trailer-for-my-village-people/h35pdsn|accessdate=2021-06-08|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|with [[Bovi]] and [[Amaechi Muonagor]]
|}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Nkem Owoh''' ({{Audio|Ig-Nkem Owoh.ogg|listen}}) bụ onye Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ọchị. N'afọ 2008,  O ritere ihe nrite African Movie Academy Award maka &quot;Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ọrụ ndu&quot; maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri Naijiria, &quot;Stronger than Pain&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;amaa1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2008-winners.html|title=AMAA 2008: List of Nominees and Winners|accessdate=2021-10-21|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013182514/https://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-2008-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A mụrụ Nkem Owoh na Enugu State, Nigeria. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ praịmarị na sekọndrị, ọ gara Mahadum Federal nke Ọrụ Ugbo, Abeokuta ma mụọ injinia. N'oge ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mahadum, Owoh malitere ime ihe nkiri na oyoyo na ihe nkiri dị iche iche.&lt;ref name=&quot;bio&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanamma.com/entertainment/4127-i-am-also-anti-419-says-nkem-owoh.html|title=Biography of Nkem Owoh|accessdate=2009-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100123162339/http://www.ghanamma.com/entertainment/4127-i-am-also-anti-419-says-nkem-owoh.html|archivedate=January 23, 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A makwara ya maka ịme egwu &quot;I Go Chop Your Dollar&quot; banyere wayo ịkwụ ụgwọ.  E gosipụtara abụ ahụ na ihe nkiri The Master nke Owoh na-eme ka onye aghụghọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;thereg&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2007/07/02/419_singer_caught/|title='I Go Chop Your Dollar' star arrested|publisher=[[The Register]]|date=2007-07-02|author=Jan Libbenga}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
Kọmitii na-ahụ maka mpụ akụ na ụba na ego na Kọmitii mgbasa ozi Naịjirịa machibidoro abụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;onlinenigeria&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=10158&amp;z=3|title=Police Arrest Nkem Owoh in Holland|date=2007-07-04|publisher=NigeriaMovies.net|accessdate=2021-10-21|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001107/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/?a=10158&amp;z=3}}20&lt;/ref&gt;
N'afọ 2007, e jidere Owoh na Amsterdam, Netherlands (ógbèijlmermeer na Amsterdam Zuidoost borough) n'ihi nyocha ọnwa asaa nke ndị uwe ojii Dutch kpọrọ &quot;Operation Apollo&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;thereg&quot; /&gt; E jidere Owoh mgbe ọ na-eme ihe ngosi egwu mgbe ndị uwe ojii wakporo ihe omume ahụ ma jide mmadụ 111 na-enyo enyo maka aghụghọ lọtrị na mmebi iwu nke mbata. E mechara tọhapụ Owoh.&lt;ref name=&quot;onlinenigeria&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=10159&amp;z=3|title='I Go Chop Your Dollar' star arrested|accessdate=27 November 2009|archivedate=16 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716111630/http://nm.onlinenigeria.com/templates/default.aspx?a=10159&amp;z=3}}&lt;/ref&gt;
N'ọnwa Nọvemba nafọ 2009, a tọọrọ Owoh n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.elombah.com/index.php/reports/sports-news/3-news/entertainment-news/2148-nkem-owoh-osuofia-kidnapped Nkem Owoh (Osuofia) Kidnapped]&lt;/ref&gt;  Ndị tọọrọ ya chọrọ mgbapụta nde naira iri na ise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.9jabook.com/m/blogpost?id=2109467%3ABlogPost%3A1066429 |title=Breaking News Osuofia (Nkem Owoh) Kidnapped |accessdate=2021-10-21 |archivedate=2016-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002059/http://www.9jabook.com/m/blogpost?id=2109467:BlogPost:1066429 }}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ Owoh mgbe ndị ezinụlọ ya kwụrụ ụgwọ mgbapụta nke nde naira 1.4 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/nov/16/national-16-11-2009-00-005.htm|title=Jubilation in Nollywood as Osuofia is freed|accessdate=27 November 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091119032109/http://sunnewsonline.com/webpages/news/national/2009/nov/16/national-16-11-2009-00-005.htm|archivedate=19 November 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbckidnap&quot;&gt;
{{Cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8353578.stm|title='Scam comic' kidnapped in Nigeria|date=2009-11-10|publisher=BBC News}}
&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Year
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Film
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Role
! style=&quot;background:#B0C4DE;&quot; |Notes
|-
|1987
|''Things Fall Apart''
|
|with [[Pete Edochie]]
|-
|1993
|''Circle of Doom 2''
|
|with [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]]
|-
|1995
|''Rattlesnake''
|Odinaka
|with Francis Duru
|-
|2000
|''Ukwa''
|
|with Patience Ozokwor
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |1999
|''Big Man...Big Trouble''
|
|
|-
|''Sawam''
|
|with Francis Agu
|-
|''Conspiracy''
|
|with [[Onyeka Onwenu]]
|-
|2001
|''Onye-Eze''
|Onye-Eze
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2002
|''Fake Doctor''
|Dr. Zebedi
|
|-
|''Ifeonye Metalu''
|
|
|-
|''Long John''
|
|
|-
|''Police Officer''
|
|
|-
|''Spanner''
|
|with [[Chinedu Ikedieze]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2003
|''Anunuebe''
|
|
|-
|''King of the Forest''
|
|
|-
|''Lion Finger''
|
|
|-
|''Mr. Trouble''
|
|with Patience Ozokwor
|-
|''Osuofia in London''
|Osuofia
|
|-
|''Police Recruit''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2004
|''America Visa''
|
|
|-
|''My Driver''
|
|
|-
|''My Own Share''
|
|
|-
|''Osuofia in London 2''
|Osuofia
|
|-
|''Spanner Goes to Jail''
|
|with [[Chinedu Ikedieze]]
|-
|''The Master''
|
|with [[Kanayo O. Kanayo]]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2005
|''Akanchawa ''
|
|
|-
|''Bus Driver''
|
|with [[Dakore Egbuson-Akande|Dakore Egbuson]]
|-
|''The Prince''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;8&quot; |2006
|''A Fool at 40''
|Hygenius
|
|-
|''Captain''
|
|
|-
|''Foreign Base''
|
|
|-
|''Indemnity''
|Egbentu
|
|-
|''Made in Cambridge''
|
|
|-
|''My Kingdom Come''
|
|
|-
|''The Barrister''
|Athanasius
|
|-
|''The Dreamer''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |2007
|''Battle of Indemnity''
|Egbentu
|
|-
|''Covenant Keeping God''
|Samuel
|
|-
|''De prof''
|
|
|-
|''Johnbull &amp; Rosekate''
|Johnbull
|
|-
|''Persecution''
|
|
|-
|''Stronger Than Pain''
|Ulonna
|with [[Kate Henshaw|Kate Henshaw-Nuttal]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Owoh's performance in this film earned him the ''Best Actor in a Leading Role'' award&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; at the African Movie Academy Awards in 2008
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |2008
|''His Holiness''
|Onyabo
|
|-
|''His Last Action''
|
|
|-
|''Wonderful Man''
|
|
|-
|2012
|''Military Zone''
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2015
|''Ghana Must Go'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title='Ghana Must Go': Everything you need to know about Yvonne Okoro's upcoming movie|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-must-go-everything-you-need-to-know-about-yvonne-okoros-upcoming-movie-id3773877.html|work=Pulse Nigeria|publisher=Chidumga Izuzu|accessdate=19 May 2015|archivedate=16 August 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816140821/http://pulse.ng/movies/ghana-must-go-everything-you-need-to-know-about-yvonne-okoros-upcoming-movie-id3773877.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |2018
|''[[Lionheart (2018 film)|Lionheart]]''
|Chief Godswill
|
|-
|2019
|''Kpali&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-28|title=‘Kpali’ for Nigerian Immigrants|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/12/28/kpali-for-nigerian-immigrants/|accessdate=2021-04-12|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;''
|Mr. Kalayor
|with [[Gloria Young]] and [[Ini Dima-Okojie]]
|-
|2021
|''My Village People''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwogu|first=Precious|date=2021-05-31|title=Watch the official trailer for 'My Village People'|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/watch-the-official-trailer-for-my-village-people/h35pdsn|accessdate=2021-06-08|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|
|with [[Bovi]] and [[Amaechi Muonagor]]
|}
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  <page>
    <title>Ningxia</title>
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Ningxia bụ isi mpaghara Ndịda anyanwụ  Xia na narị afọ nke iri na otu ruo nke iri na atọ nke ndị Tangut guzobere; aha ya, &quot;Xia udo&quot;, sitere na mmeri Mongol nke steeti . &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hsieh|first=Chiao-min|title=Ningxia|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Ningxia|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161027072307/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ningxia|archivedate=2016-10-27|work=Encyclopædia Britannica|language=en|accessdate=2021-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị Tangut nwetara ọmarịcha ọganiihu n'akwụkwọ, nka, egwu na ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọkachasị mepụtara edemede Tangut . Ogologo otu n'ime mpaghara obodo kachasị daa ogbenye, obere ụlọ ọrụ na -emepụta mmanya abụrụla ebe dị ezigbo mkpa n'akụ na ụba kemgbe afọ  ndị gbara n'usoro afọ 1980. Tupu ọbịbịa viticulture, nde mmadụ isii n' ụma asatọ nke Ningxia, pasent iri atọ n'isi n'ime ha bụ ndị Alakụba sitere na agbụrụ Hui, dabere nke ukwuu anụ na -ata  ahịhịa , ọrụ ugbo maka nri na ịkọ mkpụrụ osisi wolfberries  nke eji eme  ọgwụ odinala ndị China. Ogbe ahụ nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka o ruo hectare puku iri anọ nke mkpụrụ vaịn wee mepụta nde karama mmanya otu narị na iri abụọ n'afọ 2017 - otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke mmepụta mba ahụ dum. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tobin|first=Meaghan|date=12 May 2019|title=Can China Become the Wine World's Next California?|language=en|work=South China Morning Post|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/economics/article/3009784/can-china-become-wine-worlds-next-california}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:108_Dagobas.JPG|áká_èkpè|thumb| Nzuzu 108 dị nso na Qingtongxia .]]
Dị ka mpaghara dị n'etiti ndị na-azụ anụ ụlọ na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-anọkarị otu ebe, Ningxia bụ oche agha na mwakpo nke agbụrụ ndị na-abụghị ndị China. Iji mee ka mpaghara ahụ dị jụụ, gọọmentị alaeze ukwu guzobere ógbè ndị agha iji weghachite ala. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, e hiwere ebe ịta ahịhịa ịnyịnya n'okpuru Ọchịchị Alaeze ukwu iji chekwaa ị nweta ịnyịnya ndị agha, dị ka [[Ọchíchí nke umunna Han|usoro ndị eze Han]] nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ (206 BCE - 9CE). &lt;ref name=&quot;Ho 2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ho|first=Peter|date=2000|title=The Myth of Desertification at China's Northwestern Frontier: The Case of Ningxia Province, 1929-1958|journal=Modern China|language=en|volume=26|issue=3|pages=348–395|doi=10.1177/009770040002600304}}&lt;/ref&gt; E webatara Ningxia na mpaghara gbara ya gburugburu na usoro ndị eze Qin na narị afọ nke atọ BC. N'ime oge nile nke ọchịchị [[Ọchíchí nke umunna Han|Han na usoro]] ndị eze Tang enwere ọtụtụ obodo ukwu e hiwere na mpaghara ahụ. Nnupụisi nke mpaghara Liang na njedebe nke Ọchịchị Han metụtara Ningxia.

Ka ọ na-erule narị afọ nke iri n'otu, ndị Tangut ehiwela usoro ndị eze ọdịda anyanwụ Xia na mpụga nke usoro ndị eze Song . Ndị Juu bikwa na Ningxia, dịka ọ na -egosi n'eziokwu na n'afọ 1489, mgbe nnukwu iju mmiri bibiri akwụkwọ mpịakọta Torah na Kaifeng, ndị obodo Ningbo na ndị Juu bi na Ningxia zigara ndị juu Kaifeng onye nnọchiteanya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Xu|first=Xin|title=The Jews of Kaifeng: China History, Culture, and Religion|date=2003|publisher=Ktav Publishing House|location=Jersey City, NJ|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bịara n'okpuru ọchịchị Mongol mgbe Genghis Khan meriri Yinchuan na mbido narị afọ nke iri na atọ. Ndị Alakụba si etiti Eshia malitekwara ịkwaga na Ningxia site n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ. Nnupụisi ndị Alakuba Dungan nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu metụtara Ningxia.

N'afọ 1914, ejikọtara Ningxia na mpaghara Gansu . Agbanyeghị, n'afọ 1928 ewepụrụ ya na Gansu wee bụrụ mpaghara dị iche. N'agbata afọ 1914 na 1928, ndị otu Ma chịrị ógbè Qinghai, Ningxia na Gansu; General Ma Hongkui bụ gọvanọ ndị agha nke Ningxia ma nwee ikike zuru oke na mpaghara ahụ. Esemokwu ndị Alakụba na Gansu, nke dị site na 1927 ruo 1930, rutere na Ningxia. Na 1934, onye ọchịagha na onye ọchịagha nke National Revolutionary Army Sun Dianying nwara imeri ógbè ahụ, mana njikọ aka nke ndị Ma clique meriri ya. [12]

Site na 1950 ruo 1958, mwakpo ndị Alakụba Kuomintang kpatara ịlụ ọgụ na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ China, gụnyere Ningxia. Na 1954, gọọmentị China jikọtara Ningxia na Gansu, mana na 1958 Ningxia ghọrọ mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya nke China . Na 1969, Ningxia nwetara akụkụ nke mpaghara Mongolia kwụrụ onwe ya, mana eweghachiri mpaghara a na 1979.

E gwupụtara ọtụtụ ihe nka ochie China sitere na usoro ndị eze Tang na usoro ndị eze Song, nke ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ nke Eze Ukwu Zhenzong, nke egwuputara ọ  wee bata n'aka Ma Hongkui, onye jụrụ ịkpọsa nchoputa ya. N'ime ihe ndị ahụ bụ mbadamba nkume marble ọcha sitere na usoro ndị eze Tang, mbọ ọla edo, na agbụ e ji ọla mee. Ọ bụ rue mgbe Ma nwụsịrị ka nwunye ya si America gaa Taiwan na 1971 butere arịa ndị ahụ na Chiang Kai-shek, onye tụbara ha n'ụlọ ebe a na- edebe ihe ngosi nka nke Taipei . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UzrAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=in+1971,+his+widow+took+them+from+America+to+Chiang+Kai-shek+in+Taiwan.+They+were+later+acquired+by+the+National+Palace|title=China Archaeology and Art Digest, Volume 3, Issue 4|publisher=Art Text (HK)|year=2000|accessdate=28 November 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Helanshan.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Site na ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala na -agbago n'elu ugwu Helan .]]
Ningxia nke ugbu a bụ otu n'ime obere ọkwa obodo yana ókèala mpaghara  Shaanxi na Gansu na mpaghara Ime Mongolia nọrọ onwe ya . Na mita puku atọ, narị ise na iri ise na isii karịa elu oke osimiri, Aobaogeda (敖包疙瘩) n'ugwu Helan bụ ebe kachasị elu na Ningxia. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2 September 2014|title=Dēng áobāo gēda shǎng juédǐng měijǐng|language=zh|work=Fènghuáng zīxùn|url=http://news.ifeng.com/a/20140902/41825100_0.shtml|accessdate=6 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ningxia bụ mpaghara kpọrọ nkụ nke yiri ọzara ma nwee ọdịdị ala dị iche iche nke oke ọhịa na ugwu nta, ala tebụl, ọzara, ọzara ide mmiri na ọwa mmiri nke Osimiri Yellow kewara. Ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi Ningxia bụ otu n'ime mpaghara kacha pee mpe n'ọmụmụ. Nnukwu ịgba mmiri n'ala na-akwado itolite mkpụrụ osisi wolfberries , mkpụrụ osisi a na-erikarị na mpaghara ahu. Ọzara Ningxia gụnyere ọzara Tengger na Shapotou .

Akụkụ ugwu, nke Osimiri Yellow na -asọfe, na -akwado ala ọrụ ugbo kacha mma. ụzọ ụgbọ oloko, na -ejikọ Lanzhou na Baotou, gafere mpaghara ahụ. Arụọla okporo ụzọ gafere Osimiri Yellow na Yinchuan.

N'ụbọchị iri na isii nke ọnwa Disemba afọ 1920, ala ọma jijiji Haiyuan, ịdị ukwuu asatọ na ụma isii, na na digrii iri atọ n'isii na ụma isii nke mpaghara ugwu na digrii otu narị na ise na ụma iri atọ na abụọ nke mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ, butere usoro mbuze nke gburu ihe dị ka mmadụ Puku narị abụọ. Ihe karịrị  nnukwu mkpọda ala narị isii dakwasịrị ihe karịrị ọdọ mmiri ọhụrụ iri anọ.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Feng|first=X.|title=Proceedings, IVth International Conference and Field Workshop on Landslides|date=1985|publisher=Japan Landslide Society|location=Tokyo|pages=339–346|language=en|chapter=Earthquake Landslides in China}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2006, onyonyo satịlaịtị gosiri na mpaghara gbara ogige narị asaa na narị abụọ n'ime Ningxia- kilomita ise (mita atoo na otu uma)  ọdịda anyanwụ nke Yinchuan, nke dị nso na ime obodo Huangyangtan dị nso-bụ mmeputa ihe ngosipụta dị nso nke otu n'ime narị ise nke mpaghara kilomita narị anọ na iri ise site narị atọ na iri ise nke Aksai Chin  dị na okeala [[Ndia|India]], juputara n'oke ugwu, ndagwurugwu, ọdọ mmiri na ugwu. Amabeghị ebumnuche ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Haines|first=Lester|date=19 July 2006|title=Chinese Black Helicopters Circle Google Earth|language=en|work=[[The Register]]|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/07/19/huangyangtan_mystery/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;Cassidy, Katherine (13 September 2006). &lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ala ahịhịa ===
A kọrọ na ihe dị ka pasentị iri atọ na anọ (mu nde iri atọ na atọ na ụma iri asatọ na ise) nke mpaghara ahụ bụ ala ahịhịa . &lt;ref&gt;Ningxia Bureau of Statistics, 2013, 1.2&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ a gbadara site na ihe dị ka pasent iri anọ n'afọ 1990. Ala ahịhịa a gbasara na mpaghara ọzara-ala ahihia nke dị na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ (nke mejupụtara akụkụ mpaghara ala ahihia ime Mongolia), na ebe ịta nri nke ugwu dị na ọkara ọzara ala dị larịị Loess nke  na ndịda. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ho 2016&quot;/&gt; Achọpụtara na ala ahịhịa nke Ningxia emebiela ruo ogo dị iche iche. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ho|first=Peter|date=2010|title=Rangeland Degradation in North China: Perceptions of Pastoralists|journal=Environmental Research|language=en|volume=110|issue=3|pages=302–307|doi=10.1016/j.envres.2009.12.007|pmid=20106474}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agbanyeghị, enwere arụmụka sayensị gbasara oke mbibi a na-ewere ọnọdụ dịka a tụrụ ya na oge na oghere. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ho|first=P.|date=2001|title=Rangeland Degradation in North China Revisited? A Preliminary Statistical Analysis to Validate Non-Equilibrium Range Ecology|journal=The Journal of Development Studies|volume=37|issue=3|pages=99–133|doi=10.1080/00220380412331321991}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme chọtakwara obere ihe akaebe nke ịgbasa mbibi ahịhịa na mmebi ahịhịa na Ningxia. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ho 2000&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ho|first=Peter|date=2003|title=Mao's War against Nature? The Environmental Impact of the Grain-First Campaign in China|journal=The China Journal|language=en|volume=50|issue=50|pages=37–59|doi=10.2307/3182245}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkụ bụ isi na njikwa ala na Ningxia bụ mmachibido mmepe nri ahịhịa, nke dị adị kemgbe afọ 2003. &lt;ref&gt;Zhou, Z. 2013. &lt;/ref&gt; A na-agbagha mmetụta obibi na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke mmachibido ịta ahịhịa a n'ihe metụtara ala ahịhịa na ebe obibi ndị na-azụ atụrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ho 2016&quot; /&gt; Iwu mmachibido a kwuru na ịkpa anụ ụlọ ga-ejedebe n'ogige ndị mechiri emechi na enweghị ohere ịta ahịhịa n'ime oge ụfọdụ nke Gọọmentị Ndị Obodo Kwuru.

=== Ihu igwe ===
{{climate chart|Taole|31=18|24=38|25=48|26=11|27=30|28=58|29=4|30=24|32=-6|22=70|33=12|34=4|35=-12|36=2|37=1|float=right|clear=right|23=17|21=40|-14|10=4|2|1|-12|9|5|-4|19|11=1|20=19|12=27|13=19|14=10|15=36|16=18|17=14|18=39|19=40|source=&lt;ref name=&quot;nasa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=NASA Earth Observations Data Set Index |url=http://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php |access-date=30 January 2016 |publisher=National Aeronautics and Space Administration |language=en |accessdate=23 August 2021 |archivedate=11 May 2020 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511075542/https://neo.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/dataset_index.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;}}Mpaghara ahụ bụ kilomita otu narị na narị abụọ (mi narị asaa na iri ise) site n'oké osimiri ma nwee ihu igwe kọntinent nke nwere oke okpomọkụ na -ebili site na digirii Celsius iri na asaa ruo iri abụọ na anọ (digirii F iri isii na atọ ruo iri asaa na ise) n'ọnwa Julaị na nkezi oge oyi na-ada n'etiti mwepụ digirii Celsius asaa ruo mwepu iri na ise (digirii F iri na itoolu ruo ise) n'ọnwa Jenụwarị. Oké okpomọkụ nke oge a nwere ike iru Digirii celsius iri atọ na itoolu (digirii F otu narị na abụọ) n'oge ọkọchị na digirii celsius mwepụ iri atọ (digirii F mwepụ iri abụọ na abụọ) n'oge oyi. Mgbawne Okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị nwere ike iru n'elu gafe digrii Celsius iri na asaa (digirii F iri atọ na otu), ọkachasị n'oge opupu ihe ubi. Mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ sitere na millimita otu narị na iri itoolu ruo narị asaa (in asaa na ụma ise ruo iri abụọ na asaa na ụma isii), mmiri na-ezo karịa na mpaghara ndịda.

=== Ihe onwunwe ịnweta ===
Ningxia bara ọgaranya ihe onwunwe na akụ nke nwere ụdị nkwụnye iri atọ na anọ, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ya dị na mpaghara ala ahịhịa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ho 2016&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2011 e mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ahịa onye ọ bụla n'ime ihe ndị a nwere ruru pasentị otu narị na iri isii na atọ na ụma ise nke nkezi obodo.Ningxia na-etu ọnụ maka ichekwa coal dị ihe karịrị ijeri tọn iri atọ, yana atụmatụ echekwara ihe karịrị ijeri tọn narị abụọ na abụọ, na -enye ọkwa nke isii na mba niile. A na-agbasa nkwụnye coal ihe karịrị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ngụkọta nke Ningxia, ma na-egwupụta ya na mpaghara anọ dị n'ugwu Helan na Xiangshan, Ningdong na Yuanzhou (ma ọ bụ Guyuan). Enwere ike ịhụ mmanụ na mmanụ gas na mpaghara Yanchi na Lingwu, ọ dịkwa mma maka mmepe nke mmanụ, gas na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ. Ningxia na-edu China na nkwụnye gypsum, yana nchekwa nke ukwuu karịa tọn ijeri anọ na ụma ise, nke a na-adịghị ahụ mgbe ọbula, gypsum dị elu bụ ọkara nke ngụkọta Nkwụnye niile. Nkwụnye mpaghara Hejiakouzi na Tongxin na-egosipụta nchekwa nde tọn gypsum iri abụọ na ngụkọta nke 

ọkpụrụkpụ mita narị. Enwere nnukwu nkwụnye nke quartz sandstone, nke achọpụtala nde tọn iri na asaa n'ime ya. Na mgbakwunye, enwere phosphorus, flint, ọla kọpa, iron, barite, mineral ndị ọzọ na nkume Helan - nkume ụrọ pụrụ iche . &lt;ref name=&quot;britannica&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-03-16|title=Níngxià kuàngchǎn zīyuán gàikuàng jí fēnbù|url=http://www.chinabaike.com/z/keji/ck/543057.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112152114/http://www.chinabaike.com/z/keji/ck/543057.html|archivedate=2014-11-12|work=Zhōngguó bǎikē wǎng|language=zh|accessdate=2021-08-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọchịchị ==
 
[[Usòrò:Yinchuan_aerial.JPG|thumb| Nlele Yinchuan na -ele anya ọwụwa anyanwụ site n'elu Pagoda Temple Chengtian .]]
[[Usòrò:Yinchuan_square.JPG|thumb| Ogige ndị mmadụ na Yinchuan.]]
[[Usòrò:Yinchuan_fountain.JPG|thumb| Isi iyi Phoenix na Yinchuan.]]
A haziri ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ningxia na usoro ọchịchị abụọ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ niile dị na Isi ala China .

Onye isi oche nke mpaghara a kwụụrụ onwe ya bụ onye nọ n'ọkwa kachasị elu n'ọchịchị gọọmentị nke Ningxia. Agbanyeghị, na usoro ọchịchị pati abụọ nke mpaghara  a kwụụrụ onwe ya, Onye isi oche enweghị ikike karịa onye Patị Kọmunist nke Chinaodeakwụkwọ Kọmitii Ningxia nke akpọrọ &quot;Ningxia CPC Party Chief &quot;.

Ningxia nwere nkwekọrịta enyi na mpaghara Sogn og Fjordane nke Norway. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rivedal|first=Henning|date=17 July 2015|title=Ningxia og Sogn og Fjordane eit steg vidare på samarbeidsvegen|url=http://www.sfj.no/cmssff/cmspublish.nsf/$all/CDA4C0B3C7F54B53C1257234006C0E90?open|accessdate=7 May 2015|work=Sfj.no|language=no|archivedate=8 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150608213948/http://www.sfj.no/cmssff/cmspublish.nsf/$all/CDA4C0B3C7F54B53C1257234006C0E90?open}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkewa nchịkwa ==
 
E kewara Ningxia na ngalaba ọkwa ise : obodo ọkwa niile :
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;margin:1em auto 1em auto; width:90%; font-size:smaller; text-align:center&quot;
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |'''Ngalaba nchịkwa nke Ningxia''' 
|-
| colspan=&quot;9&quot; style=&quot;font-size:larger&quot; |&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;position: relative&quot;&gt;{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Ningxia.svg|width={{{1|380}}}|link=|font-size=85%}} 
{{Image label|x=510|y=410|scale={{{1|380}}}/970|text='''[[Yinchuan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=580|y=170|scale={{{1|380}}}/970|text='''[[Shizuishan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=610|y=720|scale={{{1|380}}}/970|text='''[[Wuzhong, Ningxia|Wuzhong]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=515|y=1260|scale={{{1|380}}}/970|text='''[[Guyuan]]'''}}
{{Image label|x=290|y=880|scale={{{1|380}}}/970|text='''[[Zhongwei]]'''}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;position:absolute;
             
             
             left:221.21649484536px;
             top:58.59793814433px&quot;&gt;'''Shizuishan'''&lt;div style=&quot;position:absolute;
             
             
             left:232.96907216495px;
             top:274.0618556701px&quot;&gt;'''Wuzhong'''&lt;div style=&quot;position:absolute;
             
             
             left:195.75257731959px;
             top:485.60824742268px&quot;&gt;'''Guyuan'''&lt;div style=&quot;position:absolute;
             
             
             left:107.60824742268px;
             top:336.74226804124px&quot;&gt;'''Zhongwei'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
|-
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Koodu nkewa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó xiàn yǐshàng xíngzhèng qūhuà dàimǎ|url=http://files2.mca.gov.cn/cws/201502/20150225163817214.html|language=zh-hans}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nkewa
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Mpaghara n'ime km &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;nj2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shenzhen Bureau of Statistics|url=http://www.sztj.gov.cn/nj2014/indexce.htm|title=Shēnzhèn tǒngjì niánjiàn 2014 / 2014 Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]]|language=zh-hans,en|accessdate=29 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ọnụọgụgụ ndị mmadụ 2010 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Census Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China|title=Zhōngguó 2010 rénkǒu pǔchá fēn xiāng, zhèn, jiēdào zīliào|date=2012|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|China Statistics Print]]|isbn=978-7-5037-6660-2|edition=1|location=Beijing}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Oche
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Nkewa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Zhonghua renmin gongheguo minzhengbu|title=Zhōngguó mínzhèng tǒngjì niánjiàn 2014|date=2014|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|Zhongguo tongji chuban she]]|isbn=978-7-5037-7130-9|language=zh-hans|authorlink=Ministry of Civil Affairs}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;45&quot; | Mpaghara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;45&quot; | Mpaghara
! scope=&quot;col&quot; width=&quot;45&quot; | Obodo CL
|- style=&quot;font-weight: bold&quot;
! 640000
! Mpaghara Ningxia Hui
| 66400.00
| 6,301,350
| Obodo Yinchuan
| 9
| 11
| 2
|-
! 640100
! Obodo Yinchuan
| 8874.61
| 1,993,088
| Mpaghara Jinfeng
| 3
| 2
| 1
|-
! 640200
! Obodo Shizuishan
| 5208.13
| 725,482
| Mpaghara Dawukou
| 2
| 1
| bgcolor=&quot;grey&quot; |
|-
! 640300
! Wuzhong obodo
| 21420.14
| 1,273,792
| Mpaghara Litong
| 2
| 2
| 1
|-
! 640400
! Obodo Guyuan
| 13449.03
| 1,228,156
| Mpaghara Yuanzhou
| 1
| 4
| bgcolor=&quot;grey&quot; |
|-
! 640500
! Zhongwei obodo
| 17448.09
| 1,080,832
| District Shapotou
| 1
| 2
| bgcolor=&quot;grey&quot; |
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsible collapsed&quot; style=&quot;text-font:90%; width:auto; text-align:center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;5&quot; |Nkewa nchịkwa na Chinese na ụdị romanizations
|-
! Bekee
! Asụsụ Chaịna
! Pinyin
! Xiao'erjing
|-
| '''Mpaghara Ningxia Hui'''
| 宁夏回族自治区
| Níngxià Huízú Zìzhìqū
| ‎ شیا خو ذو ذ ج ثو
|-
| Obodo Yinchuan
|银川市
|Yínchuān Shì
| ‎ ش
|-
| Obodo Shizuishan
|石嘴山市
|Shízuǐshān Shì
| ‎ ش
|-
| Wuzhong obodo
|吴忠市
|Wúzhōng Shì
| ‎ ش
|-
| Obodo Guyuan
|固原市
|Gùyuán Shì
| ‎ ش
|-
| Zhongwei obodo
|中卫市
|Zhōngwèi Shì
| ‎ ش
|}
A na-ekewa obodo ise ọkwa Ningxia n'ime ngalaba ọkwa ime obodo iri abụọ na abụọ ( mpaghara iteghete, obodo abuo dị n'ọkwa, na ógbè iri na otu).

=== Mpaghara obodo mepere emepe ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsible&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; |Onu ogugu site na mpaghara ime obodo &amp; obodo ime obodo
|-
! #
! Obodo
! style=&quot;background-color: #aaaaff;&quot; | Mpaghara obodo &lt;ref name=&quot;2010PRCcensus&quot; /&gt;
! style=&quot;background-color: #aaffaa;&quot; | Mpaghara mpaghara &lt;ref name=&quot;2010PRCcensus&quot; /&gt;
! style=&quot;background-color: #ffaaaa;&quot; | Obodo kwesịrị ekwesị &lt;ref name=&quot;2010PRCcensus&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Guowuyuan renkou pucha bangongshi|title=Zhōngguó 2010 nián rénkǒu pǔchá fēn xiàn zīliào|date=2012|publisher=[[:zh:中国统计出版社|Zhongguo tongji chubanshe]]|isbn=978-7-5037-6659-6|location=Beijing|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Ubochi onuogugu
|-
| 1
| '''Yinchuan'''
| 1,159,457
| 1,290,170
| 1,993,088
| 2010-11-01
|-
| 2
| Shizuishan
| 403,901
| 472,472
| 725,482
| 2010-11-01
|-
| 3
| Wuzhong
| 232,134
| 544,362
| 1,273,792
| 2010-11-01
|-
| 4
| Zhongwei
| 160,279
| 378,606
| 1,080,832
| 2010-11-01
|-
| 5
| Guyuan
| 130,155
| 411,854
| 1,228,156
| 2010-11-01
|-
| 6
| Lingwu
| 125,976
| 261,677
| see Yinchuan
| 2010-11-01
|-
| 7
| Qingtongxia
| 99,367
| 264,717
| see Wuzhong
| 2010-11-01
|}

== Akụ na ụba ==
 
[[Usòrò:Rich_Nature_Wolfberry_Farm1_7-06.jpg|thumb| Ememe owuwe ihe ubi Wolfberry.]]
Ime obodo Ningxia bụ n'ogologo oge mpaghara akpọrọ mpaghara ịda ogbenye, ọ ka dịkwa na ọkwa ala nke ọkwa mmepe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ho 2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ho|first=Peter|date=2016|title=Empty Institutions, Non-Credibility and Pastoralism: China’s Grazing Ban, Mining and Ethnicity|journal=The Journal of Peasant Studies|language=en|volume=43|issue=6|pages=1145–1176|doi=10.1080/03066150.2016.1239617}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ mpaghara nwere GDP nke atọ kacha pee mpe (Tibet bụ nke ikpeazụ) na China, n'agbanyeghị agbata obi ya, Ime Mongolia na Shaanxi, so na akụ na ụba mpaghara na-apụta ike na mba ahụ. GDP ọnụ ya na-afọ 2011 bụ naanị ijeri yuan narị abụọ (ijeri US $ iri atọ na abụọ na ụma asaa) yana GDP nke otu onye bu yuan puku iri abụọ na otu na narị anọ na iri asaa  (US $ puku atọ  na otu narị na iri anọ na atọ). Ọ na-enye 0.44% nke akụ na ụba mba .

=== Ọrụ ugbo ===
site na Oyiyi nke mpaghara ndị ọzọ, Ningxia ahụtala ọdida nwayọ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo onwe ya n'ihi ịkwaga mbughari site na ime obodo gaa obodo mepere emepe. N'agbanyeghị nke a, ihe ka n'ọnụ ọgụgụ (pasent iri isii na abụọ na ụma asatọ) ka na-arụ ọrụ ugbo n'oge nyocha ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;Ningxia Bureau of Statistics 2013, 4.2&lt;/ref&gt; Ịzụ anụmanụ dị mkpa maka akụ na ụba mpaghara. N'ime mpaghara na azụ atụrụ, Yanchi, ọ bụ ọbụna ụlọ ọrụ na-eduga mgbe akọwapụtara ya maka ngalaba izizi. Anụmanụ ndị na-ata nri bụ kacha na atụrụ na ewu. &lt;ref&gt;Ningxia Bureau of Statistics 2013, 11.20&lt;/ref&gt; Na mpaghara (ọkara) ndị na-azụ atụrụ, ndị na-azụ anụ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na-anọkarị otu ebe na-arụ ọrụ ubi akọrọ na nnukwu anụ ụlọ, ebe a na-emezịghị ọzụzụ anụ ụlọ zuru ezu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Ho 2016&quot;/&gt;

Ningxia bụ mpaghara izizi na China ebe a na-akụ mkpụrụosisi Wolfberries. Ndị ọkachamara ndi ọzọ nke Ningxia bụ licorice, ngwaahịa e mere si nkume Helan, fiddlehead na ngwaahịa e mere site na ajị atụrụ .

Mmanya Ningxia bụ mpaghara na -ekwe nkwa mmepe. Ndị ọchịchị China enyela nkwado maka mmepe ntọala ala ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ugwu Helan dịka mpaghara dabara maka imepụta mmanya. Ọtụtụ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanya China gụnyere Changyu na Wine Dynasty amalitela mmepe na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke mpaghara ahụ. Ha niile nwere ala hekta puku iri abụọ ugbu a maka ebe a na-akọ mmanya na usoro ndị eze emeela ka nde yuan narì banye Ningxia. Na mgbakwunye, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mmanụ na China ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala na kemikal hiwere ntọala mkpụrụ vaịn n'akụkụ ugwu Helan. Ulọ ọrụ ngwa ụlọ Mideaamalitekwala isonye na ụlọ ọrụ mmanya Ningxia.  E guzobewo ubi vaịn na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Phillips|first=Tom|date=14 June 2016|title=China's Bordeaux: winemakers in 'gold rush' to turn desert into vineyards|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/14/china-bordeaux-wine-region-desert-ningxia-vineyards-gold-rush}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mpaghara akụ na ụba ===
E guzobere mpaghara mmepe akụ na ụba na teknụzụ Yinchuan &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=24 April 2015|url=http://www.ycda.gov.cn|accessdate=7 May 2015|publisher=Ycda.gov.cn}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'afọ 1992. Na -akwado kilomita iri atọ na abụọ, ọ na -enwe mmepụta akụ na ụba kwa afọ ijeri Rmbiri abụọ na atọ na ụma asaa (25.1% gbagoro) (Ijeri US $ atọ na ụma ise). Nnukwu ndị na-etinye ego bụ ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara dị ka Kocel Steel Foundry, FAG Railway Bearing (Ningxia), Ningxia Little Giant Machine Tools, dgz. Nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ gụnyere igwe na nrụpụta akụrụngwa, ihe ọhụrụ, kemịkalụ dị mma na ụlọ ọrụ na-eme ihe nkiri.

Ogige ụlọ ọrụ Desheng (na Ogbe Helan. ) bụ ntọala maka ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ narị anọ. Ogige ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nwere ụdọ ụlọ ọrụ sitere na nri na ngwa ahịa ndị Alakụba ruo azụmaahịa na lọjistik, ihe ọhụrụ na ọgwụ na-emepụta ọgwụ nwere ijeri yuan iri asatọ na akụ ofu. Desheng na-ele anya ka ọ bụrụ ogige mmepụta ihe na -ekwe nkwa nke ọma n'obodo. O nwetara ngụkọta mmepụta nke ijeri anọ na ụma iri asatọ na ise n'afọ 2008, rịrị pasent iri anọ kwa afọ. Gọọmentị ime obodo na-ezube ibelata ụtụ isi na ụgwọ ndị ọzọ iji belata ibu dị na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara. Ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ruru ijeri yuan abụọ na ụma iri isii na asatọ n'afọ 2008, mmụba nke pasent iri anọ na asatọ site n'afọ gara aga.

== Ụgbọ njem ==
[[Usòrò:YinChuan_airport.jpg|thumb| Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Yinchuan Hedong]]

=== Ọdụ ụgbọelu ===

* Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Yinchuan Hedong International
* Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Zhongwei Shapotou
* Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Guyuan Liupanshan
* Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Wuhai (na -eje ozi mpaghara ugwu)

=== Okporo ụzọ ===

* Okporo ụzọ mba China 109
* Okporo ụzọ mba China 110
* Okporo ụzọ mba China 211
* Okporo ụzọ mba China 307
* Okporo ụzọ mba China 309
* Okporo ụzọ mba China 312

=== Àkwà mmiri ===

* Ọdọ Taole Yellow River Expressway Bridge (陶乐黄河大桥)

=== Okporo ígwè ===

* Baotou -Lanzhou ụgbọ okporo ígwè
* Baoji -Zhongwei ụgbọ okporo ígwè (宝中铁路)

== Mmụta ==
 

== Ndị mmadụ ==
{{Historical populations|1912&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:1912年中国人口 |url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html |access-date=6 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|12=4,655,451|title=Historical population|18=7,202,654|17=2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=11 May 2021 |title=Key Takeaways from China's 2020 Population Census |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/china-society-census-takeaways-idUSL4N2MY2I6}}&lt;/ref&gt;|16=6,301,350|15=2010&lt;ref name=&quot;census2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |archive-date=27 July 2013 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;|14=5,486,393|13=2000&lt;ref name=&quot;census2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |archive-date=29 August 2012 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;|11=1990&lt;ref name=&quot;census1990&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |archive-date=19 June 2012 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;|303,000|10=3,895,578|9=1982&lt;ref name=&quot;census1982&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |archive-date=10 May 2012 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;|8=759,000|7=1947&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:1947年全国人口 |url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm |access-date=6 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|6=978,000|5=1936-37&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:1936-37年中国人口 |url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm |access-date=6 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|4=1,450,000|1928&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |script-title=ja:1928年中国人口 |url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm |access-date=6 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;|footnote=Ningxia Province/AR was part of Gansu 1914-1929 and 1954-1958&lt;br /&gt;In 1947 parts of Ningxia Province/AR were incorporated into Inner Mongolia AR.}}

=== Okpukpe ===
{{Pie chart|caption=Religion in Ningxia (around 2010)|label1=[[Chinese folk religion|Chinese religions]], [[Buddhism]], or [[irreligion|not religious]]|value1=64.83|color1=FireBrick|label2=[[Islam]]&lt;ref name=&quot;2010-Islam&quot; /&gt;|value2=34|color2=Green|label3=Christianity&lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2015&quot; /&gt;|value3=1.17|color3=DodgerBlue}}Okpukpe ndị bụ isi na Ningxia bụ [[Àlakụ̀ba|Alakụba]] n'etiti ndị Hui China, ebe ọtụtụ ndị Han Chinese na -ekpe okpukpe ndị China, Taoism, Confucianism na Buddha ndị China . Dika nyocha igwe mmadụ nke afọ 2010, ndị Alakụba bụ pacentị iri atọ na anọ nke ndị bi na mpaghara. &lt;ref name=&quot;2010-Islam&quot;&gt;Min Junqing. &lt;/ref&gt; [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị n'eso ụzọ Kraịst]] bụ okpukpe nke Otu pacentị na ụma iri na asaa nke ndị bi na mpaghara dị ka nyocha ọha China nke afọ 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;Wang2015&quot;&gt;China General Social Survey 2004. &lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2008, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụlọ alakụba na Ningxia bụ puku atọ, narị asaa na iri isii, ma ọ bụ otu onye n'ime ndị Alakụba narị isee na iri asaa na asaa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2008-05-09|title=Níngxià měi 577 míng mùsīlín yǒngyǒu yīzuò qīngzhēnsì-sōuhú xīnwén|url=http://news.sohu.com/20080509/n256759631.shtml|accessdate=2021-01-11|work=news.sohu.com|language=zh}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Tongxin_mosque.JPG|thumb| Nnukwu ụlọ alakụba Tongxin, otu n'ime ụlọ alakụba kacha ochie na Ningxia . Ọdịiche ọdịnala ama ama n'etiti ndị obodo.]]
{{Clear}}

== Ụlọ ọgwụ ==

* Ụlọ Ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke Ningxia
* Ụlọ ọgwụ nke ọgwụ ọdịnala China nke Ningxia
* Ụlọ ọgwụ mmekọ Kọlejị ọgwụ Ningxia.
* Ụlọ ọgwụ Yinchuan nke Ọgwụ China ọdịnala
* Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ Yinchuan
* Ụlọ ọgwụ Stomatology nke Yinchuan
* Ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nke Yinchuan
* Ebe nlekọta ahụike ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka nke Ningixa
* Yinchuan Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke mbụ
* Yinchuan Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke abụọ
* Yinchuan Ụlọ Ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke atọ
* Shizuishan Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị mmadụ nke abụọ
* Ụlọ ọgwụ Guyuan nke Ningxia

== Njem nleta ==
[[Usòrò:XiXia_Tomb_3_F.jpg|thumb| Ili nke Western Xia]]
Otu n'ime ebe nlegharị anya Ningxia bụ saịtị Ili Xixia kilomita iri atọ (mi iri na itoolu) mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Yinchuan . Ihe ndị fọdụrụ ili ndị eze itoolu ọdịda anyanwụ Xia na ili abụọ ọzọ dị n'ime kilomita iri ise mpaghara. Ebe ndị ọzọ a ma ama na Ningxia gụnyere Ugwu Helan, ihe omimi stupas otu narị na asatọ, ejima pagodas nke Baisikou na Ebe nche nyocha ọzara na Shapatou . Ebe nlegharị anya nke ndị njem nleta anaghị aga na Ningxia bụ Ugwu Sumeru Grottoes (须弥山), nke bụ otu n'ime ụzọ iri ama ama karịa na China. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Guyuan Travel Guide: Map, Location, Climate, Attractions|url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/ningxia/guyuan/|accessdate=29 January 2015|work=travelchinaguide.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ==

* Ningxia Museum, mepere na 1988
* Ningxia Transportation Museum, mepere na Ọgọst 2008
* (MOCA Yinchuan) Museum of Contemporary Art Yinchuan, mepere na 8 Ọgọst 2015.

== Hụkwa ==

* Isi mba akụkọ ihe mere eme na omenala saịtị na Ningxia

== Ebensidee ==

=== Nkọwa ===
 {{Reflist}}

=== Isi mmalite ===

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Archived [http://www.nx.gov.cn/ gọọmentị mpaghara Ningxia]  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090429021317/http://www.nxny.gov.cn/ Ningxia Ọrụ Ugbo Ozi]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090517052206/http://www.nxinvest.gov.cn/default/english/index.htm Ningxia Investment Promotion Bureau]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415725/Ningxia Britnannica Ningxia]
* [http://info.hktdc.com/mktprof/china/ningxia.htm Profaịlụ akụ na ụba maka Ningxia] na HKTDC
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140116080639/http://www.unescap.org/esid/psis/population/database/chinadata/ningxia.htm Profaịlụ Ningxia - UNESCAP]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110705061052/http://www.nxcepa.org/english/index.htm Ningxia Center maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ibelata ịda ogbenye]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080316063206/http://www1.cei.gov.cn/ce/region/Ningxia/Ningxia.htm Profaịlụ Ningxia - China Network Information Network]
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/415725/Ningxia Ningxia (mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe, China) - Britannica Online Encyclopedia]
[[Òtù:Category:Steeti na Mpaghara ndị ehiwere n'afo 1958]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ndịda anyanwụ China]]
[[Òtù:Category:Mpaghara kwụụrụ onwe ya na China]]
[[Òtù:Category:Ningxia]]
[[Òtù:Category:Edemede ndị nwere asụsụ China]]
[[Òtù:Category:CS1 na-eji Edemede asụsụ Japan]]
[[Òtù:Category:CS1 na-eji Edemede asụsụ China]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Natalia Molebatsi</title>
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'''Natalia Molebatsi''' bụ onye odee South Afrika, onye na-ede uri na onye ọrụ omenala. Ọ zụlitere nnukwu ndị na-eso ya site na ebe a na-edebe uri uri ya, a na-ekwupụtakwa ya na ọ bụ onye &quot;bụ onye kpatara iwebata ọrụ Alice Walker na Toni Morrison n'ọgbọ mgbe ọchịchị ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na South Afrika.&quot;  Ọ bi na Johannesburg . &lt;ref name=&quot;UCLA&quot;/&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Natalia Molebatsi ma zụlite ya na obodo Tembisa, na nso Johannesburg na South Afrika. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.poemhunter.com/natalia-molebatsi/biography/ Natalia Molebatsi page] at Poemhunter.com.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;GeosiReads&quot;&gt;[https://geosireads.wordpress.com/2013/08/11/interview-with-south-african-writer-natalia-molebatsi/ &quot;Interview with South African Writer, Natalia Molebatsi&quot;], ''Geosi Reads'', 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke mkpokọta uri South Africa akpọrọ ''We Are…A uri Anthology'' (Penguin Books, 2008), na onye dere ''Sardo Dance'' (Geko, 2009). &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20191115012718/https://gekopublishing.co.za/gekoshop/sardo-dance-by-natalia-molebatsi/ &quot;Sardo Dance, by Natalia Molebatsi&quot;], Geko Publishing.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye guzobere otu egwu Soul Making, &lt;ref name=&quot;GeosiReads&quot;/&gt; na na afo 2015 ewepụtara CD ya ''Natalia Molebatsi &amp; The Soul Making'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;UCLA&quot;/&gt; Ọrụ ya gụnyere ''akwụkwọ ozi na South Afrika: Ndị na-ede uri na-akpọ steeti ka ha nye iwu'', ''obi ụtọ na-atọ ụtọ-osisi: Anthology of Contemporary International Poetry'', ''New Coin'', ''Anthology of World Poetry'' (2010), na ''New Daughters of Africa'' (2019). nke Margaret Busby deziri), &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220629000739/https://readinglist.click/sub/dont-miss-the-new-daughters-of-africa-womens-month-launch-in-joburg-with-a-line-up-of-literature-music-and-performances-by-the-contributors-3-aug/ &quot;Don't miss the New Daughters of Africa Women's Month launch in Joburg – with a line-up of literature, music and performances by the contributors (3 Aug)&quot;], ''The Reading List''.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;UCLA&quot; /&gt; n'ime akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ. Edemede prose ya apụtala na akwụkwọ akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, dị ka ''Muziki'', &lt;ref&gt;Natalia Molebatsiv &amp; Raphael d'Abdon, [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/18125980802298575?journalCode=rmuz20 &quot;From Poetry to Floetry: Music's Influence in the Spoken Word Art of Young South Africa&quot;], ''Muziki: Journal of Music Research in Africa'', Volume 4, 2007 – Issue 2: Contemporary African Music, pp. 171–177.&lt;/ref&gt; ma sụgharịa ya n'asụsụ Italian na Dutch n'ụdị oge dị ka ''Kuma'' na ''Les Simpledadi'' . &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043727/https://mg.co.za/article/2009-06-08-300-young-south-africans-arst-and-culture-continued &quot;300 Young South Africans: Arts and Culture (Part 2)&quot;], ''[[Mail &amp; Guardian]]'', 8 June 2009.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na nnabata, ịhazi na isonye na ogbako na mmemme na South Afrika, &lt;ref&gt;Ntando Makhubu,
 [https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/daily-news/20170908/281741269575260 &quot;Unisa helps inmates read to build learning culture&quot;], ''Daily News'', 8 September 2017, via PressReader.&lt;/ref&gt; Molebatsi emeela uri ma kwadoo ihe omumu ihe omumu ihe okike na mba uwa, tinyere na mahadum na mmemme na Naijiria, Senegal, Kenya, Zimbabwe, England, Italy, Azerbaijan, Argentina, Palestine na Germany, ma soro ndị na-ese ihe dị ka [[Lebogang Mashile|Lebo Mashile]], Alice Walker na Simphiwe Dana kerịta ọkwa ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;UCLA&quot;&gt;[http://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/article/164689 &quot;Natalia Molebatsi, South African Poet&quot;], UCLA African Studies Center, 12 May 2016.&lt;/ref&gt; Molebatsi mere na afo 2009 Women in Africa na African Diaspora International Conference in Nigeria na 2012 Cultural Olympiad na London, na-anọchi anya South Afrika. &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.lyrikline.org/en/poems/after-war-11859#.WhK5h1Vl_IU &quot;Natalia Molebatsi&quot;] at Lyrikline.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na UNISA Press na South African Literary Awards (SALA) dị ka onye na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi / ọrụ na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta. &lt;ref&gt;[http://all.uniud.it/azaniaspeaks/natalia-molebatsi.html &quot;POETRY | Natalia Molebatsi&quot;], Azania Speaks '08.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa ya na-ahụ maka mbipụta nke ọtụtụ ndị na-ede uri South Afrika na ndị na-ede akụkọ mkpirisi site na ọkwa ya na UNISA. &lt;ref name=&quot;UCLA&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==

* [https://journals.co.za/content/cydev/11/1/EJC142714 &quot;Ọhụụ okike nke Natalia Molebatsi na post-1994 South Africa, na Sardo Dance (2009)&quot;], ''Commonwealth Youth and Development'', Mpịakọta 11, mbipụta 1, January 2013, p.&amp;nbsp;87–101.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220209125135/https://www.nataliamolebatsi.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Natalia Molebatsi]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TI5fxtkuk5M &quot;Natalia Molebatsi - Oge uri Unisa&quot;], 13 Mee 2015. Vidiyo YouTube.
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Nchebe Ịntanetị''' ma ọ bụ nchekwa n'ịntanetị ma ọ bụ nchekwa cyber na '''E-Safety''' na-agbalị ịdị mma na [[Intanet|ịntanetị]] ma bụrụ omume nke ime ka onye ọrụ mara banyere nchekwa onwe onye na ihe ize ndụ nchebe na ozi nzuzo na ihe onwunwe metụtara iji ịntanetị, na '''nchebe''' onwe onye site na mpụ kọmputa.

Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eji ịntanetị na-aga n'ihu n'ụwa nile, ịntanetị, gọọmenti na òtù dị iche iche ekwupụtala nchegbu banyere nchekwa ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na-eji ịntanetị eme ihe. Ihe karịrị 45% ekwuputala na ha atachiela ụdị iyi egwu ịntanetị. A na-eme ememe ụbọchị ịntanetị dị nchebe zuru ụwa ọnụ na February iji kwalite mmata gbasara nchekwa ịntanetị. Na UK mgbasa ozi Nweta Safe Online enwetala nkwado sitere n'aka ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị Serious Organised Crime Agency (SOCA) na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ịntanetị dịka Microsoft na eBay..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.getsafeonline.org/|title=Get Safe Online}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchebe ozi ==
Ozi dị nro dị ka ozi nkeonwe na njirimara, a na-ejikọkarị paswọọdụ na ihe onwunwe onwe onye na nzuzo ma nwee ike ibute nchegbu nchekwa ma ọ bụrụ na agbapụta. Ịnweta na ojiji nke ozi nzuzo n'enweghị ikike nwere ike ịkpata nsonaazụ dị ka izu ohi njirimara, yana izu ohi nke ihe onwunwe. Ihe ndị na-akpatakarị mmebi nchekwa ozi gụnyere:

=== Aghụghọ ===
Aghugho bụ ụdị ojoro ebe ndị scammers na-egbanwe dị ka ebe kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi n'ịgbalị inweta ozi nkeonwe dịka okwuntughe, ozi kaadị kredit, wdg site na ịntanetị. A na-emebe webụsaịtị adịgboroja ndị a ka ha yie ndị ogbo ha ziri ezi iji zere nrutuaka sitere n'aka onye ọrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Internet Phishing Alert|url=http://www.ssa.gov/myaccount/internetphishingalert.html|accessdate=2013-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010171625/https://www.ssa.gov/myaccount/internetphishingalert.html|archivedate=2018-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Malware ===
Malware, karịsịa spyware, bụ ihe ọjọọ software emebere iji nakọta na bufee ozi nkeonwe, dị ka paswọọdụ, na-enweghị nkwenye ma ọ bụ ọmụma onye ọrụ. A na-ekesakarị ha site na ozi-e, ngwanrọ na faịlụ sitere na ebe ndị na-akwadoghị. Malware bụ otu n'ime ihe nchekwa kachasị ewu ewu ebe ọ bụ na ọ naghị ekwe omume ịchọpụta ma faịlụ ọ̀ butere ọrịa, n'agbanyeghị isi iyi nke faịlụ ahụ.

== Nchebe onwe onye ==
Mmụba nke ịntanetị butere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị mkpa nke onye ọ bụla nwere njikọ na-enweta. Otu n'ime ọrụ ndị a dị mkpa bụ nzikọrịta ozi dijitalụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọrụ a kwere ka nkwurịta okwu na ndị ọzọ site na ịntanetị, nke a nyekwara ohere nkwurịta okwu na ndị ọrụ ọjọọ. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị ọrụ obi ọjọọ na-ejikarị ịntanetị eme ihe maka uru onwe onye, nke a nwere ike ọ gaghị ejedebe na uru ego/ihe onwunwe. Nke a bụ nchegbu karịsịa nye ndị nne na nna na ụmụaka, ebe ọ bụ na ụmụaka na-abụkarị ndị a na-eji obi ọjọọ eme ihe. Ihe iyi egwu a na-enwekarị maka nchekwa onwe onye gụnyere: phishing, scam ịntanetị, malware, cyberstalking, cyberbullying, ndị na-eri anụ n'ịntanetị na  na igba afọ eri ịsị

=== Inyocha mmadụ na ịntanetị ===
Cyberstalking bụ iji Ịntanetị ma ọ bụ ụzọ eletrik ndị ọzọ iji kpa gbuo ma ọ bụ kpa gbuo onye ọ bụla, otu, ma ọ bụ nzukọ. O nwere ike ịgụnye ebubo ụgha, nkwutọ, nkwutọ na nkwutọ. O nwekwara ike ịgụnye nlekota, izu ohi njirimara, iyi egwu, imebi ihe, ịrịọ maka mmekọahụ, ma ọ bụ ịnakọta ozi nwere ike iji yie egwu, ihere ma ọ bụ inye nsogbu.Cyberstalking bụ mpụ nke mmadụ na-akpagbu ma ọ bụ na-akpagbu onye a na-emegbu site na iji ụzọ eletrik ma ọ bụ dijitalụ, dị ka mgbasa ozi ọha na eze, email, ozi ngwa ngwa (IM), ma ọ bụ ozi ndị e zigara na otu mkparịta ụka ma ọ bụ nnọkọ. ... A na-ejikarị okwu cyberstalking na cyberbullying eme ihe n'otu n'otu.

=== Nkáto na ịntanetị ===
Cyberbullying bụ iji ụzọ elektrọnik dị ka ozi ngwa ngwa, mgbasa ozi ọha na eze, ozi-e na ụdị nkwurịta okwu ndị ọzọ n'ịntanetị na ebumnuche iji mebie, imenye ụjọ, ma ọ bụ merie onye ma ọ bụ otu. N'ime nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2012 banyere ihe karịrị ụmụ akwụkwọ 11,925 na United States, e gosipụtara na 23% nke ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma kwuru na ha bụ ndị a na-emegbu n'ịntanetị, 30% nke ha kwuru na ha nwere omume igbu onwe ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Litwiller|first=Brett|title=Cyber Bullying and Physical Bullying in Adolescent Suicide: The Role of Violent Behavior and Substance Use|year=2013|volume=42|issue=5|pages=675–84|journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence|doi=10.1007/s10964-013-9925-5|pmid=23381779|id={{ProQuest|1326638707}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bonanno|first=Rina|title=Cyber Bullying and Internalizing Difficulties: Above and Beyond the Impact of Traditional Forms of Bullying|year=2013|volume=42|issue=5|pages=685–97|journal=Journal of Youth and Adolescence|doi=10.1007/s10964-013-9937-1|pmid=23512485|id={{ProQuest|1326638708}}}}&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css&quot; /&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe nrụ ọrụ webụ nke [https://web.archive.org/web/20220213163423/https://www.esafety.gov.au/ Kọmishọna eSafety nke Australia] na-akọ na 20% nke ndị Australia na-eto eto na-akọ na a na-ewepụ ha, na-eyi egwu ma ọ bụ na-emegbu ha n'ịntanetị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cyberbullying|url=https://www.esafety.gov.au/key-issues/cyberbullying|accessdate=2020-08-19|work=eSafety Commissioner|language=en-AU|archivedate=2022-02-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220213105831/https://www.esafety.gov.au/key-issues/cyberbullying}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ụfọdụ, nke a na-ewere ụdị nke itinye nkwupụta nkwutọ na-enweghị nkwenye na iwu na-akwadoghị na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ iyi egwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Krolik|first=Aaron|date=2021-04-24|title=The Slander Industry|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/04/24/technology/online-slander-websites.html|accessdate=2021-04-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị a na-agbakwa mgbasa ozi na-agba ndị ahụ ume ịkwụ ọtụtụ puku dollar na ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ya iji wepụ posts - nwa oge, n'adịghị ka usoro mwepụ n'efu na nke na-adịgide adịgide dị site na nnukwu engines ọchụ chọ weebụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ịchụ anụ n'ịntanetị ===
Inwe ihe n'ịntanetị bụ omume nke itinye nwata na-eto eto n'ime mmekọrịta mmekọahụ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị site na ịntanetị. Ndị na-eri anụ n'ịntanetị nwere ike ịnwa ịmalite ma rafuo ụmụaka n'ime mmekọrịta site na iji ụlọ mkparịta ụka ma ọ bụ nnọkọ ịntanetị.

=== Ọdịnaya rụrụ arụ / na-akpasu iwe ===
Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ dị iche iche na ịntanetị nwere ihe ụfọdụ na-ewere dị ka ihe na-ewe iwe, ihe na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke doro anya, nke nwere ike ọ gaghị amasị onye ọrụ. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ndị dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịgụnye [[Intanet|ịntanetị]], saịtị egwu, okwu ịkpọasị ma ọ bụ ọdịnaya na-akpali akpali. Ọdịnaya dị otú ahụ nwere ike ịpụta n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, dị ka mgbasa ozi pop-up na njikọ ndị na-enweghị nchekasị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://criminal.laws.com/computer-crime/types-of-computer-crimes |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2022-05-01 |archivedate=2015-09-22 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150922022021/http://criminal.laws.com/computer-crime/types-of-computer-crimes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ịgba afọ iri isii ===
Ịgba mmekọahụ, ọkachasị site na iji webcams, bụ nchegbu, ọkachasị maka ndị na-eji webcams maka ịkwa iko na mmekọahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;nca1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcnews1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38150313|title=Webcam blackmail cases have doubled, police say|work=BBC News|date=30 November 2016|accessdate=12 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ mgbe, nke a na-agụnye onye omekome cyber na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye ọzọ - dịka onye mara mma - na-amalite nkwurịta okwu nke ọdịdị mmekọahụ na onye ahụ. A na-emezi ka onye ahụ kwatuo uwe n'ihu webcam, a pụkwara ime ka ọ nwee omume mmekọahụ, dị ka masturbation.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcnewsshame&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-37735369|title=The Skype sex scam - a fortune built on shame|work=BBC News|date=27 October 2016|accessdate=12 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye omekome cyber na-edekọ vidio ahụ, onye na-ekpughezi ezi ebumnuche ha ma na-achọ ego ma ọ bụ ọrụ ndị ọzọ (dịka ihe oyiyi doro anya nke onye ahụ, n'ọnọdụ nke ịntanetị), na-eyi egwu ịhapụ vidiyo ahụ n'ihu ọha ma zigara ya ndị ezinụlọ na ndị enyi nke onye ahụ ma ọ bụrụ na ha erubeghị isi.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcnewsshame&quot; /&gt; Vidio na-egosipụta ihe ize ndụ nke sextortion ka National Crime Agency&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcnews2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-38156203|title='Sextortion': NCA releases awareness video|work=BBC News|date=30 November 2016|accessdate=12 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] wepụtara iji kụziere ndị mmadụ ihe, ọkachasị n'ihi eziokwu ahụ bụ na iyi egwu nke mmekọahụ nwere ike ịkpata mmechuihu ruo n'ókè zuru oke iji mee ka onye ahụ gbuo onwe ya, na mgbakwunye na mgbalị ndị ọzọ iji kụziere ọha na eze banyere ihe ize ndụ nke sextortion.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbcnews1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nca1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/crime-threats/kidnap-and-extortion/sextortion|title=Sextortion (webcam blackmail)|accessdate=12 March 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190109072152/http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/crime-threats/kidnap-and-extortion/sextortion|archivedate=9 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* Control software:

:* Software na-ahụ maka ibu ọrụ
:* Software njikwa ọdịnaya

* Aghụghọ njirimara
* Mpụ n'Ịntanet
* Ụgha n'Ịntanet
* Nchebe Ịntanetị
* Ịzụta site na ọrụ mkpakọrịta nwoke na nwaanyị n'ịntanetị
* Ngwá ọrụ ọkwa aha weebụsaịtị

=== Ndị otu na ndị mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ na isiokwu ahụ ===

* AHTCC - Australian High Tech Crime Centre
* Childnet
* Insafe
* Sonia Livingstone
* ThinkUKnow
* Nzukọ Tween
* Nnyocha Nchebe Ịntanetị nke Ndị Ntorobịa

== Ndetu ==
{{Reflist}}
&lt;references /&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Quotations related to Internet safety at Wikiquote
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[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|salaryNicky Oppenheimer]]
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Nicholas F. Oppenheimer (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke 8 n'ọnwa Juun n'afọ 1945) bụ onye ọchụnta ego South Africa. Ọ bụbu onye isi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ De Beers diamond mining na nke enyemaka ya, Diamond Trading Company, na onye bụbu osote onye isi oche nke Anglo American. Ọ bụ nwoke nke atọ kasị baa ọgaranya na Afrịka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/africa-billionaires/list/|title=Africa's 50 Richest List|date=2017|author=Forbes|authorlink=Forbes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ ==
Oppenheimer bụ nwa Bridget (née McCall) na Harry Oppenheimer, na nwa nwa nke onye guzobere Anglo American Ernest Oppenheimer (ọgbọ mbụ na-elekọta De Beers, site na 1929). Nna ya bụ onye agbụrụ [[Jew|ndị Juu]] [[Jémanị|Germany]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Harrow School na Christ Church, Oxford, ebe ọ gụrụ Philosophy, Politics na Economics, nweta Oxford MA.

== Ọrụ azụmahịa ==
Oppenheimer sonyeere Anglo American na 1968, a họpụtara ya dịka onye nduzi na 1974, wee bụrụ osote onye isi oche na 1983. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'afọ 2001, ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye isi na-abụghị onye isi ruo n'afọ 2011.

A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke Central Selling Organisation (nke bụzi Diamond Trading Company) n'afọ 1984, na osote onye isi oche nke De Beers Consolidated Mines n'afọ 1985. A họpụtakwara ya dịka onye isi oche nke Diamond Trading Company n'afọ 1985.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070239/http://www.miningweekly.com/article/mining-man-2012-08-24 Mining Weekly: &quot;De Beers' Nicky Oppenheimer to receive lifetime achievement award&quot;] 24 August 2012&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi oche nke De Beers Group site na 1998 ruo 2012, ọ lara ezumike nká mgbe e rere osisi ezinụlọ ahụ na Anglo American.&lt;ref&gt;[http://rough-polished.com/en/expertise/58666.html Rough and Polished: &quot;After De Beers, what's next for the Oppenheimers?&quot;] 12 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Oppenheimer pụtara na &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwLQ&quot;&gt;Sunday Times&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; Rich List 2018 dị ka onye nke iri abụọ na atọ kasị baa ọgaranya na United Kingdom, na akụkọ akụ na ụba nke ijeri £ 5.5.&lt;ref&gt;[https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/244439/meet-the-ultra-rich-south-africans-youve-probably-never-heard-of/ &quot;Meet the ultra-rich South Africans you’ve probably never heard of&quot;, Business Tech, 18 May 2018. Accessed 22 March 2019.]&lt;/ref&gt; A họọrọ ya dị ka onye kasị baa ọgaranya na South Africa na ndepụta ''Forbes'' nke The World's Billionaires maka 2019, na akụ na ụba a kọrọ dị ka US $ 7.3 ijeri na, ọzọ, na ndepụta ya nke 2020, na akụkọ akụ na ụba nke US $ 7.6 ijeri na August 2020.&lt;ref&gt;[https://businesstech.co.za/news/wealth/303238/5-south-africans-on-forbes-list-of-the-richest-people-in-the-world/ &quot;5 South Africans on Forbes’ list of the richest people in the world&quot;, Business Tech, March 6, 2019.]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/real-time-billionaires/#19679fd33d78|title=The World's Real-Time Billionaires|work=Forbes|date=2020|accessdate=August 14, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/nicky-oppenheimer/?list=rtb/#54fbcd143b93|title=#258 Nicky Oppenheimer &amp; family|work=Forbes|date=August 14, 2020|accessdate=August 14, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ Nyemaka ==
Ezinụlọ Oppenheimer eduziela ọtụtụ n'ime mbọ enyemaka ya iji chekwaa ihe nketa na mkpa ọdịbendị nke mpaghara ndịda Afrịka, yana ịkwalite obodo na mpaghara agụmakwụkwọ, ahụike, nchekwa ọdịdị na nka. Nicky Oppenheimer na nwa ya nwoke Jonathan Oppenheimer guzobere Brenthurst Foundation na 2005 dị ka ụzọ isi nye aka na arụmụka gbasara atụmatụ na atumatu maka iwusi arụmọrụ akụ na ụba nke Africa ike ma mee ka mmepe gụnyere ma na-adịgide adịgide.

Ezinụlọ a etinyewokwa aka ogologo oge na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tswalu.com/about-us/the-oppenheimer-story|title=The Oppenheimer Story {{!}} Tswalu Kalahari|work=www.tswalu.com|accessdate=2017-09-12|archivedate=21 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151221155352/http://www.tswalu.com/about-us/the-oppenheimer-story}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ Oppenheimer sonyere De Beers iji guzobe okporo ụzọ Diamond na 2006 iji mee ka ikike nke ihe onwunwe ha maka nchekwa, nyocha na ebumnuche mmata gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụzọ Diamond jikọtara ebe asatọ gafee ugwu South Africa, site na Namaqualand n'ụsọ oké osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ, ruo Kimberley, n'ebe ugwu ruo Tswalu na Kalahari, na Brenthurst Gardens na Johannesburg, n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo Ezemvelo Nature Reserve na n'ebe ugwu ruo Venetia Limpopo Nature Reserve na Limpopo Province.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.diamondroute.com/our-story.htm|title=The Diamond Route Story|author=Mostert|first=© Duncan MacFadyen, © Warwick|work=www.diamondroute.com|accessdate=2017-09-12|archivedate=2018-11-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117050905/http://www.diamondroute.com/our-story.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe afọ 2015 Oppenheimer bụkwa Rhodes Trustee.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/about/trustees/|title=Current Trustees|work=Rhodes House|language=en|accessdate=22 November 2018|archivedate=26 June 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170626094146/https://www.rhodeshouse.ox.ac.uk/about/trustees/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite ==
N'afọ 2003, Technikon Witwatersrand nyere Oppenheimer nzere doctorate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/people/1476188-nicholas-frank-oppenheimer|title=Nicholas Oppenheimer, Anglo American Gold Investment Co Ltd: Profile &amp; Biography|work=Bloomberg|accessdate=2017-09-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara Presidential Order of Honor (2004) site n'aka onye bụbu onye isi ala Botswana, Festus Mogae, na nsọpụrụ nsọpụrụ (2009) site na London Business School.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20170223214258/https://www.polishedprices.com/go/market-news/weekly-market-reports~4612 Polished Prices: &quot;Weekly Market Report&quot;] 5 September 2010&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
N'afọ 1968, ọ lụrụ Orcillia &quot;Strilli&quot; Lasch, nwa nwanyị nke onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Helli Lasch; ha abụọ bụ ndị Anglịkan. A mụrụ nna ya onye Juu ma ghọọ onye Anglịkan.&lt;ref name=&quot;jbn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://jewishbusinessnews.com/2013/06/11/diamonds-may-not-be-for-ever-but-at-the-moment-they-look-pretty-good|title=Diamonds May Not Be For Ever – But at the Moment They Look Pretty Good|work=[[Jewish Business News]]|author=Minchom, Clive|date=11 June 2013|accessdate=3 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbipụta ==

* {{Cite book|title=Waltham Place: and its Surrounding Parish|date=2001|author=Over, Luke|isbn=0-9541669-0-6}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Waltham Place: and its Surrounding Parish|author=Nicholas Oppenheimer|date=November 2001|id={{ASIN|0954166906|country=uk}}}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndetu ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080308061545/http://www.debeersgroup.com/debeersweb/About+De+Beers/De+Beers+Structure/Directorate/Nicky+F+Oppenheimer.htm Biography from De Beers]
* [http://www.walthamplace.com Oppenheimer's Waltham Place Gardens and Farm]
* [https://www.theguardian.com/southafrica/story/0,13262,1519700,00.html Ajụjụ ọnụ na ''The Guardian'', 2005]
* [http://www.economist.com/people/displayStory.cfm?story_id=1974148 Profaịlụ na ''The Economist'', 2003]
{{s-start}}
{{succession box|before=[[Harry Frederick Oppenheimer]]|title=[[De Beers Consolidated Mines|Chairman of De Beers Consolidated Mines]]|years=circa 1983–2012|after=[[Cynthia Carroll]]}}
{{s-end}}

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Muaid Ellafi''' ( Arabic ; a mụrụ ya n'ụbọchị nke 7 n'ọnwa Maachị n'afọ 1996) bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] [[Libya]] na-agba bọọlụ na-agbara Wydad AC bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usma.dz/index.php/component/content/article/88-a-la-une/1442-muaid-ellafi-usmiste-pour-30-mois?Itemid=437|title=Muaid Ellafi usmiste pour 30 mois}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-agba bọọlụ n'akụkụ aka ekpe na ọrụ nke n'ime-n'ihu.

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== USM Alger ===
N'ụbọchị 15 Disemba 2018, Muaid Ellafi sonyeere USM Alger ruo afọ abụọ na ọkara, mgbe nkwekọrịta ya na Saudi Club Al-Shabab kwụsịrị, ọ gwara ndị mgbasa ozi na ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye site n'aka ndị klọb ndị Egypt, [[Morocco]], Tunisia na ọbụna ndị [[Algeria]], mana ọ họọrọ USM Alger n'ihi na Ọ bụ nnukwu klọb ma nwee nnukwu ndị na-akwado ya ma ọ na-achọ ka ya merie utu aha, E kenyere ya uwe iri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lebuteur.com/article/detail?id=84721&amp;titre=usma-linternational-libyen-muaid-ellafi-3e-recrue|title=USMA : L’international libyen Muaid Ellafi, 3e recrue|work=lebuteur.com|accessdate=19 December 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.akhbarlibya.net/libya-news/1260917.html?source=true|title=مؤيد اللافي يفسخ عقده مع الشباب السعودي|work=akhbarlibya.net|accessdate=19 December 2018|archivedate=20 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220043908/http://www.akhbarlibya.net/libya-news/1260917.html?source=true}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alg24.net/kaci-said-tente-coup-muaid-ellafi/|title=Mercato : Kaci Saïd avait bel et bien tenté le coup Muaid Ellafi|work=alg24.net|accessdate=19 December 2018|archivedate=20 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181220033931/https://www.alg24.net/kaci-said-tente-coup-muaid-ellafi/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://letemps-dz.com/?p=30138|title=Il a signé pour 30 mois à l’USM Alger: Muaid Ellafi, la surprise de Serrar|work=letemps-dz.com|accessdate=19 December 2018|archivedate=19 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181219230329/https://letemps-dz.com/?p=30138}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ellafi mere nke mbụ ya maka USM Alger na Ligue 1 megide DRB Tadjenanet dị ka onye nnọchi anya Oualid Ardji merụrụ ahụ na 1–0 Loss. N'ụbọchị 15 Jenụwarị n'afọ 2019, Ellafi banyere ọzọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya na nkeji iri isii na asaa maka Mohamed Benyahia na Derby megide NA Hussein Dey, ọ dịkwa naanị nkeji atọ iji nweta goolu mbụ ya na nke ikpeazụ na egwuregwu ahụ site na Direct free kick na mmeri 4-1.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.alg24.net/premiere-apparition-ellafi-zouari-seduisent-bologhine/|title=USMA : Pour leur première apparition, Ellafi et Zouari enflamment Bologhine|work=alg24.net|accessdate=16 January 2019|archivedate=17 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117013323/https://www.alg24.net/premiere-apparition-ellafi-zouari-seduisent-bologhine/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://libyaalahrar.tv/2019/01/16/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AC%D9%84-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A3%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85/|title=اللافي يسجل أول أهدافه مع اتحاد العاصمة|work=libyaalahrar.tv|accessdate=16 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ellafi kwuru mgbe emechara egwuregwu ahụ na obi dị ya ụtọ na mmeri a na ihe mgbaru ọsọ mbụ ya ma kwuo na mmalite m gara nke ọma karịsịa ka m laghachiri asọmpi mgbe ọnwa anọ gasịrị ma ọ ga-arụ ọrụ ka ọ dị mma n'ọdịnihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.elbilad.net/flash/detail?id=58330|title=&quot; اللافي:&quot; عدت من بعيد وسأسعد أنصار إتحاد العاصمة|work=elbilad.net|accessdate=16 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 26 Jenụwarị 2019, mgbe egwuregwu anọ gasịrị dị ka onye nnọchi anya, o mere nke mbụ ya dị ka onye mbido na Ligue 1 megide JS Saoura na mmeri 2-0. Ọ hapụrụ ubi na nkeji iri isii na asaa n'ihi na ọ dịbeghị njikere igwu egwu maka nkeji iri itoolu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2019/01/26/ligue-1-j19-les-matchs-de-samedi-live-2-143919.php|title=Ligue 1 (J19) : L'USMA reprend 4 points d'avance|work=dzfoot.com|accessdate=26 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 26 Mee 2019, Na egwuregwu ikpeazụ megide CS Constantine, Ellafi nyere aka abụọ maka Abderrahmane Meziane na Prince Ibara n'otu n'otu iji nyere ha aka imeri 3–1 ma nwetakwa aha mbụ ya na USM Alger.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.tsa-algerie.com/ligue-1-lusma-remporte-son-huitieme-championnat/|title=Ligue 1 : l’USMA sacrée championne d’Algérie|work=tsa-algerie.com|accessdate=27 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tupu mmalite nke oge ọhụrụ Ellafi laghachiri ọzụzụ ruo ngwụsị ọnwa Julaị na ndị USM Alger na-azụ na Tunisia iji kwụsị esemokwu banyere ịlanarị ya n'ihi nsogbu ego nke klọb ahụ, mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gwara ndị mgbasa ozi Algeria na ọ nwere ike ịhapụ klọb ahụ n'ụzọ dị mfe dị ka onye egwuregwu mba ọzọ n'ihi na ọ natabeghị ụgwọ ọrụ ya ruo ọnwa ise, mana o kwuru na ịhụnanya ya maka klọb a mere ka o kpebie ịnọ. Na 25 Ọgọstụ 2019, Ellafi nyere goolu mbụ ya na CAF Champions League megide AS Sonidep na mmeri 3-1 n'ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2019/08/25/caf-cl-usm-alger-3-1-sonidep-lusma-qualfiee-161893.php|title=CAF CL : USM Alger 3-1 SONIDEP, l'USMA qualifiée|work=dzfoot.com|accessdate=5 January 2020|archivedate=2 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191202093443/http://www.dzfoot.com/2019/08/25/caf-cl-usm-alger-3-1-sonidep-lusma-qualfiee-161893.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ellafi mere egwuregwu izizi ya na mba Libya na 2014 Na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Morocco. Na 6 June 2015, na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide [[Mali]], o nyere goolu mbụ ya na mba ụwa na 2–2 . N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'oge asọmpi asọmpi mba Afrịka nke afọ 2018 megide Algeria, o nyere goolu ugboro abụọ iji duru mba ya ruo eru maka asọmpi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dzfoot.com/2017/08/18/elim-chan-2018-libye-algerie-106670.php|title=Élim. CHAN 2018 : Libye 1-1 Algérie (Fin)|work=dzfoot.com|accessdate=16 January 2019|archivedate=17 January 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117013328/http://www.dzfoot.com/2017/08/18/elim-chan-2018-libye-algerie-106670.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/32ndeditionoftotalafricacupofnations/TeamDetails/playerdetails?CompetitionPlayerId=4AIBUu9NHw3afbmyDC47cwTRsHzXIHReCEeCNWXJJCA%2b%2bf6k9jdJDOe0ctBq%2blrj|title=Élim. Africa Cup of Nations 2019|work=www.cafonline.com|accessdate=23 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Continental
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Al-Shabab
|2017–18
|Njikọ ndị ọkachamara nke Saudi
|5
|0
|2
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|7
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!5
!0
!2
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!7
!0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |USM Alger
|2018–19
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Ligue 1
|14
|5
|1
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|15
|5
|-	
|2019–20
|18
|1
|1
|0
|6&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;CCL&quot;&gt;All appearance(s) in [[CAF Champions League]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|25
|2
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!32
!6
!2
!0
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!40
!7
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; valign=&quot;center&quot; |Wydad AC
|2020–21
|Botola Pro
|24
|7
|3
|0
|11&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;CCL&quot;&gt;All appearance(s) in [[CAF Champions League]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|38
|9
|-
|2021–22
|Botola Pro
|12
|3
|0
|0
|2&lt;ref group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; name=&quot;CCL&quot;&gt;All appearance(s) in [[CAF Champions League]]&lt;/ref&gt;
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|14
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!36
!10
!3
!0
!13
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!52
!12
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ngụkọta ọrụ
!37
!6
!4
!6
!1
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!47
!7
|}
 

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa ===

: ''Akara na nsonaazụ na-edepụta ihe mgbaru ọsọ Libya na mbụ''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;
!Mba.
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe
!Onye mmegide
!Akara
!Nsonaazụ
!Asọmpi
|-
|1.
|6 June 2015
|Centre Sportif de Maâmora, Salé, Morocco
| Mali
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–2
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–2
|Enyi
|-
|2.
|9 June 2017
|Petro Sport Stadium, Cairo, Egypt
| Seychelles
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5–1
|2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
|3.
|12 Ọgọstụ 2017
|Mohamed Hamlaoui Stadium, Constantine, Algeria
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Algeria
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018 African Nations Championship qualification
|-
|4.
|18 Ọgọstụ 2017
|Stade Taïeb Mhiri, Sfax, Tunisia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–1
|-
|5.
|7 Septemba 2019
|Stade Municipal de Berrechid, Berrechid, Morocco
| Niger
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
|Enyi
|-
|6.
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |25 Machị 2021
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Martyrs of February Stadium, Benghazi, Libya
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Tunisia
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |2–5
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021 Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
|7.
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–3
|}

== Nsọpụrụ ==

=== Klọb ===

; Al Ahli

* Libya Premier League (1): 2016

; USM Alger

* Algeria Ligue Professionnelle 1 (1): 2018–19

; Wydad AC *

* Morocco Botola Pro (1): 2020–21

* CAF Champions League : 2021-22

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Jelili Atiku''' bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na onye na-akpụ ihe, o si na Lagos, Nigeria. Omume ya gbasara eserese, foto, ntinye ihe ọkpụkpụ, vidiyo na arụmọrụ ndụ emeela ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe nkiri a ma ama site na Naịjirịa gburugburu ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Aridi|first=Sara|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/01/14/arts/design/bts-antony-gormley.html|title=BTS Announces Global Arts Project Featuring Antony Gormley|date=2020-01-14|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2020-04-29|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/express-sunday-eye/jelili-atiku-interview-6289574/|title=Jelili Atiku: &quot;I use my body to make the audience feel pain&quot;|date=2020-02-28|work=The Indian Express|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/bmypp5/performers-preserve-a-legacy-of-violence-in-red|title=Performers Preserve a Legacy of Violence in Red|author=Tchoupakov|first=Anya|date=2015-12-07|work=Vice|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kwuru na ọrụ ya nwere ike nke &quot;dị na ojiji o ji akara [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] na ọdịnala obodo ya&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ifex.org/faces/jelili-atiku-a-body-against-corruption/|title=Jelili Atiku: A body against corruption - Archives|work=IFEX|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Atiku na 27 Septemba 1968 na Ejigbo, obodo dị na Lagos Steeti nke Naịjirịa. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke nka site na [[Mahadum nke Ahmadu Bello|Mahadum Ahmadu Bello]], Zaria n'afọ 1998 na Master of Arts na nka ọhụụ na Mahadum Lagos, Nigeria, n'afọ 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.contemporaryand.com/magazines/performative-practice-is-their-own-heritage/|title=Performative practice is their own heritage|work=Contemporary And|language=de|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1998, ọ kụziri nka na Federal Government College, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. Site n'afọ 2004 ruo n'afọ 2005, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka osote onye nkuzi mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba nke Visual Arts, Mahadum nke Lagos . Site na 2011 ruo 2013 ọ bụ onye nkuzi nke Arts and Industrial Designs Department, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos. N'afọ 2018, ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na Ngalaba Africana Studies / Rite and Reason, Mahadum Brown dị na Providence, Rhode Island.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://arts.brown.edu/news/brown-arts-initiative-welcomes-acclaimed-artist-jelili-atiku|title=Brown Arts Initiative Welcomes Acclaimed Artist Jelili Atiku {{!}} Brown Arts Initiative|work=arts.brown.edu|accessdate=2020-04-29|archivedate=2020-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221225500/https://arts.brown.edu/news/brown-arts-initiative-welcomes-acclaimed-artist-jelili-atiku}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ Atiku na-elekwasị anya na ikike mmadụ na ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha na eze, nke na-ewetakarị ya na ndị ọrụ gọọmentị okwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://venturesafrica.com/jailed-for-arts-sake-on-the-unlawful-arrest-of-nigerian-artist-jelili-atiku/|title=Jailed for arts sake: On the unlawful arrest of Nigerian artist, Jelili Atiku|author=Egbedi|first=Hadassah|date=2016-01-22|work=Ventures Africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/02/drop-charges-against-jelili-atiku-art-community-insists/|title=Drop charges against Jelili Atiku, Art Community insists|date=2016-02-15|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/jelili-atiku-not-just-about-the-arts/|title=Jelili Atiku: Not just about the arts|date=2016-01-31|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ n'obodo ya bụ Ejigbo na 18th nke Jenụwarị, e jidere ya ma bo ya ebubo n'ụlọ ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://artafricamagazine.org/jelili-atiku/|title=Jelili Atiku: A win for freedom of expression|author=Africa|first=Art South|date=2016-07-25|work=Art Africa Magazine|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri a, nke akpọrọ ''&lt;nowiki&gt;''Aragamago Must Rid This Land of Terrorism''&lt;/nowiki&gt;'' bụ nke mwakpo obi ọjọọ a wakporo ụfọdụ ụmụ nwanyị atọ na Ejigbo nke o kwenyere na ọ bụ &quot;ihe arụ&quot; nke mere na eze ga-achụ aja n'ihu ọha na eze. E mechara wepu ya na ikpe ahụ mgbe ndị na-ese ihe na ndị otu obodo na ndị mba ọzọ rụgidere ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/interview-talking-performance-artist-jelili-atiku/|title=Interview: Talking to performance artist Jelili Atiku|author=Africa|first=This Is|date=2017-04-30|work=This is africa|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ifex.org/faces/jelili-atiku-a-body-against-corruption/|title=Jelili Atiku: A body against corruption - Archives|work=IFEX|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2012, Atiku na Helene Aurell (onye na-ese ihe na Sweden), Nigel Wells (onye na-ese ihe na UK / Sweden) na PålGunnäs (onye na-ese ihe na Norway) rụkọrọ ọrụ na arụmọrụ ọ kpọrọ, “In(ut)Flöde'. Ya na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe dị ka Graham Martin na Scarborough, York (United Kingdom); na TOGYG, otu ndị na-ese ihe nke Bangor Greadigol, nke dị na North Wales.

N'afọ 2015, o ritere ihe nrite Prince Claus Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2016/04/09/nigerian-performance-artist-jelili-atiku-wins-award-netherlands|title=Nigerian Performance Artist, Jelili Atiku, Wins Award From The Netherlands|date=2016-04-09|work=Sahara Reporters|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jelili Atiku and the struggle in Ejigbo|url=https://guardian.ng/art/jelili-atiku-and-the-struggle-in-ejigbo/|accessdate=2020-04-29|work=guardian.ng|archivedate=2021-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125070306/https://guardian.ng/art/jelili-atiku-and-the-struggle-in-ejigbo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na-anọchite anya Naịjirịa na Venice Biennale, na Italy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/art/performance-artist-atiku-makes-india-art-fair-debut/|title=Performance artist, Atiku makes India Art Fair debut|author=|first=|date=|work=guardian.ng|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024005852/https://guardian.ng/art/performance-artist-atiku-makes-india-art-fair-debut/|archivedate=2020-10-24|accessdate=2020-04-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ngosi / arụmọrụ ndị a ma ama ==
Aráf'́rakù (2013). Ihe ngosi a lekwasịrị anya na ntụgharị uche Atiku banyere ọnwụ nna ọ na-ahụtụbeghị. Okwu &quot;Aráf'́rakù&quot; na Yoruba pụtara &quot;akụkụ m na-efu.&quot; Ihe nkiri a mere n'ime ebe efu nke e ji mpempe akwụkwọ na foto nke nna Atiku kpuchie. &quot;Ọ bụ naanị ya nọ n'ime ọtụtụ awa iri anọ na anọ ebe otu awa na-anọchite anya otu afọ ọ bụla nke ndụ ya, naanị onye a na-ekwe - ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ obere oge - ikere òkè n'oge ahụ bụ nne ya, na-emepụta trilogy nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ transcendental. &quot; Nke sochiri ya bụ arụmọrụ ihu ọha na eze nke na-eṅomi ememe olili ozu Yorùbá &quot;na-eme ka ókèala dị n'etiti eziokwu na akụkọ ifo dị ka a na-anwa inweta ọnọdụ mmechi site na ngosipụta ọha na eze nke mmetụta uche zuru ụwa ọnụ&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jelili Atiku – Araferaku|url=http://www.ccalagos.org/current-exhibition/jelili-atiku-araferaku|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-05|archivedate=2020-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200927163117/https://ccalagos.org/current-exhibition/jelili-atiku-araferaku}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị ọzọ ==

* 2020 Nobody Is Born Wise, durational performance (14 Hours) at India Art Fair, NSIC Exhibition Grounds, Okhla Industrial Estate, New Delhi, India (Friday 31 January – Sunday February 2).
* 2020 The Night Has Ears, arụmọrụ na mmadụ 64 na Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Germany (Saturday January 18).
* 2019 Enítere Èjitere (Iponri I), Performance na Paris Square, Haifa, Israel (Sunday, December 29, 2019).
* 2019 E Don Tey Wey We Dey, Performance na 21st Lagos Book and Arts Festival, Freedom Park, Broad Street, Ganiyu Smith Road na Campbell Street, Lagos, Nigeria (Saturday November 9, 2019).
* 2019 Enítere Èjitere (Iponri I), Performance na Institute for African and Diaspora Studies, University of Lagos, Nigeria (Wednesday November 6, 2019).
* 2019 Ọlọ́mọyọyọ, arụmọrụ ya na Aweni Kudirat Apata, Barbara M. Messner, Gabriella Furno, Omolabake Saula, Simona Carniato na Susanna Pruna na SPIELART Festival, Staatliches Museum Ägyptischer Kunst, München, Germany (Saturday November 2).
* 2019 Olúwowojìwo, arụmọrụ na Private view of [[Lagos Photo|Lagos Photo Festival]], African Artists' Foundation, Victoria Island, Lagos, Nigeria (Saturday October 26, 2019).
* 2019 E Don Tey Wey We Dey, BOZAR, Palais des Beaux-Arts / Centre for Fine Arts; na A Performance Affair (APA), Vanderborght Building, Brussels, Belgium (Friday September 6).
* 2019 My Eyes Are Larger Than My Mouth, performance as part of Arts &amp; Globalization Platform's program 2019 tagged 'Politics of Space' at Giudecca, Venice, Italy (Saturday May 11).
* 2018 Ajagajigi, Give An Eye For Hurricane Michael (Alaragbo XVI), arụmọrụ ya na Craig Bratten, Max Carter, Elanor Jones, Annelise Rennhack, Chelsea Serzen, Jackson Williams, Trinity Kai, Eden Leal, Courtney McClain, Deena Owens, Cory Perry na Atrium, 1 E Center St na Fayetteville Square (East St. n'etiti Central St. na Mountain St.), [[Arkinsọ|Arkansas]], Fayetteville, AR, USA, (Wednesday November14).
* 2018 Red Flag (Na The Red Series #10), arụmọrụ ya na Mohammed Lawal, Toby Omomia, Moshood Lawal, Maryam Lawal, Karen Allen Baxter, Kathleen Moyer, Sylvia Ann Soares, Susanna Pruna, Shreeyash Gotmare, Lisa Biggs, Angella Nash Wade, Khalif Andre na Jacob Stanton na George H. Bass Performing Arts Space, Churchill House, na Green Area, Brown University, Providence Rhode Island, USA (Saturday October 20).

== Ihe nrite / onyinye ndị a ma ama ==

* 2018 Artist Protection Fund Award, Institute of International Education, New York, USA.
* 2016 The Ota Club Quintessential Gold Award, Ogun State, Nigeria.
* 2016 Lagos Watch Media Consult - Onye nnọchi anya udo na nchekwa,
* Lagos, Nigeria.
* 2015 Distinguished Master Artist Award, Society of Nigerian Artists (Lagos Chapter),
* Lagos, Nigeria.
* 2015 Prince Claus Award, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
* 2015 African Artists' Foundation Award, Lagos, Nigeria.
* 2015 Abiodun Adebayo Welfare Foundation Award of Excellence (for Youth Development), Lagos, Nigeria.
* 2012 Art Moves Africa (AMA) Mobility Grant to Harare, Zimbabwe.
* 2012 Prince Claus Fund Flight Grant to Berlin, Germany.
* 1998 National Youth Service Corps State Chairmanship Award, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
* 1998 FGC Award – for Best Serving Corps Member, Federal Government College, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
* 1998 Cyprian Ihejiahi Award – for Best Final Year Student in Sculpture, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

== Ebensidee ==
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'''Nsikayesizwe David Junior Ngcobo'''&lt;ref name=&quot;name&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesafrica.com/entertainment/2020/06/08/the-def-jam-star-and-shape-shifter-in-african-music-i-come-from-a-place-where-dreaming-is-not-a-thing/|title=The Def Jam Star And Trend-Setter In African Music: 'I Come From A Place Where Dreaming Is Not A Thing'|work=[[Forbes (magazine)|Forbes Africa]]|author=Methil|first=Renuka|date=June 8, 2020|accessdate=8 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; (amụrụ na 11 Febụwarị na afọ 1997), nke a maara dịka '''Nasty C''', bụ onye South Afrika na-eti egwu, onye na-ede egwu, na onye na-emepụta ihe ndekọ.

Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị mixtapes atọ, otu bụ &quot;Undisputed&quot; na EPs abụọ, Ngcobo wepụtara abọm mbụ ya Bad Hair (2016), na ''Strings'' and Bling (2018) nke jikọtara ma kwado ''njem'' mbụ ya, The Ivyson Tour .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://trueafrica.co/article/nasty-cs-bad-hair-turns-out-good-the-review/|title=Nasty C's Bad Hair turns out good - the review|work=True Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://theplugmag.com/album-review-nasty-cs-strings-bling/|title=Album Review – Nasty C's &quot;Strings &amp; Bling&quot;|work=The Plug}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.informamoz.site/2021/03/nasty-c-pede-desculpas-ao-eminem.html|title=Nasty C diz ao Eminem para não prestar atenção ao seu vídeo recente|work=Informa Moz|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2021-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017041324/https://www.informamoz.site/2021/03/nasty-c-pede-desculpas-ao-eminem.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye kacha nta natara ihe nrite na 2015 South African Hip Hop Awards, ya bụ Best Freshman Award.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2015 SOUTH AFRICAN HIP HOP AWARD WINNERS|url=http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2015-sa-hip-hop-awards-winners/z21iyq|work=MTV Base|accessdate=7 July 2018|archivedate=7 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707174003/http://www.mtvbase.com/news/2015-sa-hip-hop-awards-winners/z21iyq}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Klein|first=Alyssa|title=And The 2015 South African Hip-Hop Awards Winners Are...|url=http://www.okayafrica.com/south-african-hip-hop-awards-2015-winners/|work=OkayAfrica|accessdate=7 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ọnwa Machị afọ 2020, Nasty C bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na Def Jam Records, ma wepụta egwu ya na United States mgbe ọ sonyere Def Jam, &quot;There They Go&quot;, nke mere ka a mara ya n'ụwa niile, o weputara abọm nke atọ ya na 28 Ọgọstụ afọ 2020, na nke mbụ ya na akara ''nke'' akpọrọ Zulu Man with Some Power (2020).

== Ndụ na ọrụ ==

=== 1997–2015: Mmalite ndụ na mixtapes mbụ ===
A mụrụ Nsikayesizwe David Junior Ngcobo na 11 Febụwarị na afọ 1997 na Diepkloof, mpaghara Soweto, Johannesburg . Mgbe nne ya nwụrụ nke nwere ihe mberede ụgbọ ala mgbe ọ dị ọnwa iri na otu, ọ kwagara Durban, Kwa-Zulu Natal ka nna ya, David Maviyo Ngcobo, bụ onye njikwa akụ na ụba mmadụ zụlite ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/this-is-how-nasty-c-got-his-name-20180302|title=This is how Nasty C got his name|work=Channel24}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere nwanne nwoke tọrọ ya, Siyabonga Ngcobo, onye mere ka ọ rap ka ọ mụtara ihe ndị bụ isi nke imepụta egwu site n'aka ya mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu. Ngcobo gara Strelitzia Secondary School na Lotus Park, Durban ebe ọ gụsịrị klas nke iri na abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://roodepoortnorthsider.co.za/253457/nasty-c-goes-big-at-20/|title=Nasty C goes big at 20|work=Roodepoort Northsider|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2019-05-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525021147/https://roodepoortnorthsider.co.za/253457/nasty-c-goes-big-at-20/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, Ngcobo wepụtara mixtape mbụ ya One Kid, a Thousand Coffins na 14 Mee afọ 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/one-kid-a-thousand-coffins/651467364|title=One Kid a Thousand Cy Nasty_C on Apple Music|work=Apple Music}}&lt;/ref&gt; O weputara EP mbụ ya L.A.M.E (Levitating Above My Enemies) na 4 Eprel 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nasty_C, Nasty_C New Releases: C L.A.M.E EP (Extended Play Version) on Beatport|url=https://pro.beatport.com/release/c-l-a-m-e-ep-extended-play-version/1290065|work=pro.beatport.com|accessdate=2016-01-21|archivedate=2016-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160128001145/https://pro.beatport.com/release/c-l-a-m-e-ep-extended-play-version/1290065}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ sochirinụ na 10 Febụwarị, ọ wepụtara mixtape ya nke abụọ ''Price City'' nke mepụtara egwu &quot;Juice Back&quot; nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye a ma ama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecr.co.za/shows/damon-beard-/nasty-c-drops-hot-video/|title=Nasty C drops hot video|work=East Coast Radio|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2019-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427171806/https://www.ecr.co.za/shows/damon-beard-/nasty-c-drops-hot-video/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Juice Back&quot; mechara mepụta Gemini Major-produced remix nke gosipụtara onye na-agụ egwú Davido na onye na-eti egwu Cassper Nyovest na 20 Nọvemba afọ 2015.

=== 2016–2017: ''Ajọ ntutu isi'' ===
Na 11 Febụwarị afọ 2016, Ngcobo wepụtara &quot;Hell Naw&quot; nke e mechara kpughee na ọ bụ onye ndu site na abọm izizi ya na-abịanụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/entertainment/jam-day-nasty-c-hell-naw/|title=Jam of the Day: Nasty C – Hell Naw|work=People Magazine|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2017-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617222551/http://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/entertainment/jam-day-nasty-c-hell-naw}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 23 Septemba, Ngcobo wepụtara abọm izizi ya, Bad Hair n'okpuru Mabala Noise Entertainment . Maka ihe osise nke abọm ahụ, o mere ka ndị na-akwado ya na Twitter zigara ya ozi email foto ha na-egosi oge ntutu isi ọjọọ ha, o wee jikọta ihe osise niile n'ụzọ nka na-achịkọta ihu ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sahiphopmag.co.za/2016/08/nasty-c-debuts-bad-hair-album-cover/|title=Nasty C Debuts The &quot;Bad Hair&quot; Album Cover|work=SA Hip Hop Mag}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bad Hair ruru nọmba otu na chaatị mpaghara iTunes ma bụrụ abọm kachasị egwu na South Africa n'ime awa iri abụọ na anọ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://quenchsa.com/2016/09/27/nasty-c-bad-hair-itunes/|title=Nasty C's Bad Hair Tops iTunes Album Chart, Despite Being Free|work=Quench SA|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2019-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218101346/http://quenchsa.com/2016/09/27/nasty-c-bad-hair-itunes/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngcobo wepụtara ihe nkiri nkeji iri na anọ nke gosipụtara egwu atọ sitere na Bad Hair nke Kyle Lewis duziri. Obere ihe nkiri ahụ nke gụnyere egwu &quot;Don't Do It', &quot;Good Girls and Snapchat Hoes&quot; na &quot;Phases&quot; nke gosipụtara Rowlene, gosipụtara n'ọtụtụ mba gụnyere France, Germany, United Kingdom na United States, nke na-adịkarịghị maka vidiyo Afrika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ecr.co.za/news/entertainment/apple-music-praises-nasty-cs-epic-bad-hair-video/|title=Apple Music praises Nasty C's 'epic' Bad Hair video|work=EastCoastRadio}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2 Disemba afọ 2016, Ngcobo wepụtara nsụgharị agbatị maka Bad Hair aha ya bụ Bad Hair Extensions .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.discogs.com/Nasty-C-Bad-Hair-Extensions/release/12440593|title=Nasty C - Bad Hair Extensions (File, AAC, Album)|work=Discogs}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bad Hair Extension gosipụtara egwu anọ ọhụrụ gụnyere egwu ndu Allow nke gosipụtara onye egwu America French Montana . N'inweta ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka afọ 2016 na afọ 2017, Ngcobo natara nhọpụta ya kachasị nke bụ maka 2017 BET Award for Best International Act: Africa ebe [[Wizkid]] meriri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailysun.co.za/News/Entertainment/babes-aka-and-nasty-c-nominted-for-bet-awards-20170516|title=BABES, AKA AND NASTY C NOMINATED FOR BET AWARDS!|work=Daily Sun}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtakwara ya maka 2017 MTV Europe Music Awards .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dstv.com/news/babes-wodumo-nasty-c-nominated-for-mtvema-20171005|title=Babes Wodumo, Nasty C nominated for #MTVEMA|work=DStv}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngcobo nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ na afọ 2016 MTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Donkoh|first=Ebenezer|title=SA's Hottest MCs of 2016 List Revealed|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/sas-hottest-mcs-of-2016-list-revealed/|accessdate=6 March 2022|work=NY DJ Live|date=2 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, a họọrọ ya ọzọ n'otu ihe omume ahụ, na nke ugbu a n'ọkwa nke anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=KWESTA crowned SA’s Hottest MC of 2017 {{!}} YOMZANSI|url=https://www.yomzansi.com/2017/12/01/kwesta-sas-hottest-mc/|accessdate=6 March 2022|work=www.yomzansi.com|date=1 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2018: UMG deals na ''Strings na Bling'' ===
Na 16 Febụwarị, Ngcobo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkesa na Universal Music Africa na mmekorita ya na Universal Music South Africa na nkwekọrịta ntinye akwụkwọ talent na UMG Live Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nasty C confirms exclusive deal with Universal Music|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/music/local/nasty-c-confirms-exclusive-deal-with-universal-music-13319750|work=[[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]]|accessdate=26 June 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=rapper nasty c signs exclusive deal with universal music and umg live|url=https://umglive.africa/rapper-nasty-c-signs-exclusive-deal-with-universal-music-and-umg-live/|work=UMG Live Africa|accessdate=26 June 2020|archivedate=29 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629104859/https://umglive.africa/rapper-nasty-c-signs-exclusive-deal-with-universal-music-and-umg-live/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1 June, n'oge nleta ya na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkesa na Universal Music Group Nigeria, tupu ewepụta egwu ya, &quot;Jungle&quot; na &quot;King&quot; nke gosipụtara onye egwu America A $ AP Ferg, site na abọm nke abụọ ya, ''Strings'' and Bling .&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://destinyman.com/2018/06/01/nasty-c-back-new-music-featuring-aap-ferg/|title=Nasty C is back with new music featuring A$AP Ferg|work=Destiny Man|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2019-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427171752/https://destinyman.com/2018/06/01/nasty-c-back-new-music-featuring-aap-ferg/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2018, n'oge mgbasa ozi na [[Premium Times]], onye isi njikwa nke Universal Music Group Nigeria, Ezegozie Eze kwuru &quot;''Strings na Bling'' bụ ihe akaebe maka nkà, ọrụ aka na agụụ nke ọ na-eweta na egwuregwu ya oge ọ bụla, anyị nwere obi ụtọ iweta ọrụ a magburu onwe ya n'ahịa. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Premium Times&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nasty C shares two new singles, 'King', 'Jungle' {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/270658-nasty-c-shares-two-new-singles-king-jungle.html|work=[[Premium Times]]|accessdate=26 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A tọhapụrụ ''Strings na Bling'' na 6 Julaị afọ 2018 na usoro dijitalụ na nke anụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=KEKANA|first=CHRIZELDA|title=Strings and Bling is here &amp; we're obsessed! Here are 5 reasons why!|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-07-06-strings-and-bling-is-here--were-obsessed-here-are-5-reasons-why/|work=TimesLive|accessdate=7 July 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nasty C's 'Strings And Bling' Is Out And People Love It|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2018/07/06/nasty-cs-strings-and-bling-is-out-and-people-love-it_a_23476219/|work=TheHuffingtonPost|accessdate=7 July 2018|archivedate=7 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707172505/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2018/07/06/nasty-cs-strings-and-bling-is-out-and-people-love-it_a_23476219/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''TimesLIVE'' kpọrọ ''Strings na Bling'' otu n'ime abọm hip hop kachasị mma na South Africa, e tinyekwara ya na ndepụta nke abọm hip hop na magazin ''Tina''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-07-06-strings-and-bling-is-here--were-obsessed-here-are-5-reasons-why/|title=Strings and Blings is here &amp; we're obsessed! Here are 5 reasons why!|work=TimesLIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://tinamagazine.com/2018/08/best-rapper-in-south-africa.html|title=Best Rapper In South Africa Now: Top 10 South African Rappers 2018|date=2018-08-26|work=TINA Magazine|accessdate=2018-09-27|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Egwu ndị ọzọ nke abọm ahụ gụnyere &quot;SMA&quot; nke gosipụtara Rowlene, na egwu nkwado &quot;Gravy&quot;.

Na 20 Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Ngcobo guzobere akara ndekọ nke ya, Tall Racks Records .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hypemagazine.co.za/2018/08/21/nasty-c-announces-his-new-tall-racks-records-label-first-artist-signed/|title=Nasty C Announces His New 'Tall Racks Records' Label &amp; First Artist Signed|work=Hype Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-agụ egwu ya ogologo oge bụ Rowlene bụ onye mbụ bịanyere aka n'okpuru akara ahụ, ya na ya onwe ya. Ngcobo malitere Ivyson Tour na 6 Ọktoba afo 2018, na Melrose Arch na Johannesburg. Njem ahụ nwere ihe ngosi ise n'usoro (abụọ na South Africa na otu na Namibia) bụ ihe ịga nke ọma na ndị bịara ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/nasty-c-announces-ivyson-tour-dates/|title=Nasty C announces Ivyson Tour dates|work=Political Analysis South Africa|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2019-04-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190427171806/https://www.politicalanalysis.co.za/nasty-c-announces-ivyson-tour-dates/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha afọ 2018, a họọrọ ya na MTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs nke ugboro atọ n'usoro, na ebe nke atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|title=These Are The 10 Hottest South African MCs According to MTV Base|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-base-hottest-mcs-list-2018/|accessdate=6 March 2022|work=[[OkayAfrica]]|date=7 December 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihe banyere afọ 2019, a kpọrọ Ngcobo onye nnọchi anya nke ụlọ ọrụ ịkwa akwa nwoke, Axe South Africa .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/local-celebrities/nasty-c-axe-ambassadorship/|title=Nasty C On His Axe Ambassadorship|work=People Magazine|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2020-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024000557/https://www.peoplemagazine.co.za/celebrity-news/local-celebrities/nasty-c-axe-ambassadorship/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na afọ 2019 Dstv Mzansi Viewers Choice Awards a họpụtara egwu ya &quot;SMA (Vol. 1)&quot; nke gosipụtara Rowlene maka Favourite Song Of the Year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nominees for the 2020 DStv Mzansi Viewers’ Choice Awards announced {{!}} Channel|url=https://www.news24.com/amp/channel/tv/news/nominees-for-the-2020-dstv-mzansi-viewers-choice-awards-announced-20191129|date=29 November 2019|first=Thinus|author=Ferreira|work=News24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Nọvemba 24, afọ 2019, o nwetara ihe nrite AFRIMA abụọ gụnyere Best African Rapper / Lyricist na Best African Collaboration.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Burna Boy, Nasty C, Stonebwoy, Nadia Nakai &amp; More Win 2019 AFRIMA Awards - OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-nasty-c-stonebwoy-nadia-nakai-more-win-2019-afrima-awards/113916|first=Damola|author=Durosomo|accessdate=24 November 2019|work=OkayAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtakwara ya n'elu MTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs maka afọ 2019, oge nke anọ ya n'usoro na ndepụta ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|title=These Are The 10 Hottest South African MCs of 2019 According to MTV Base|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-base-hottest-mcs-list-2019/|accessdate=6 March 2022|work=OkayAfrica|date=12 December 2019|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2019–2021: Def Jam, Def Jam Africa na Zulu Man with Some Power ===
Ngcobo mere nkeji nke atọ nke njem egwu ya, The Ivyson Tour, nke malitere na 20 Septemba afọ 2019, na Cape Town, South Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nasty-c-announces-dates-for-third-installment-of-ivyson-tour/|title=Nasty C Announces Dates for Third Installment of Ivyson Tour|work=OkayAfrica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.shelflife.co.za/blogdetail/Nasty-C-The-Ivyson-Tour-Cape-Town|title=Nasty C 'The Ivyson Tour' - Cape Town|work=Shelflife|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2019-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927081222/https://www.shelflife.co.za/blogdetail/Nasty-C-The-Ivyson-Tour-Cape-Town}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 27 Septemba na afọ 2019, ọ wepụtara &quot;God Flow&quot; nke gosipụtara onye na-eti egwu okpuezeYung, onye ndu nke abọm studio ''nke'' atọ ya na-abịanụ, Zulu Man with Some Power . A kọrọ na e nwere ndị na-ese ihe na mba ụwa ga-apụta na abọm ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/za/album/god-flow-feat-crownedyung-single/1481494954|title=God Flow featuring Crowned Yung by Nasty C|work=Apple Music}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://zalebs.com/whats-hot/everything-we-know-about-nasty-c-s-new-album|title=Everything We Know About Nasty C's New Album|work=ZAlebs|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2019-09-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190927081214/https://zalebs.com/whats-hot/everything-we-know-about-nasty-c-s-new-album}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ọnwa Machị afọ 2020, ''Billboard'' kọrọ na Nasty C bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta na Def Jam Records, na ntọhapụ nke otu &quot;There They Go&quot; dị ka nke mbụ ya n'okpuru akara ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/9343413/south-africa-rapper-nasty-c-def-jam-recordings-exclusive|title=South Africa's Star Rapper Nasty C Signs with Def Jam Recordings: Exclusive|date=26 March 2020|work=Billboard|accessdate=21 April 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2020, Nasty C wepụtara EP ọhụụ Lost Files, ya na abụ ndị e gosipụtara na ihe nkiri na YouTube. Ọ kọwara echiche EP ahụ na-ekwu, sị: &quot;Ha bụ abụ ndị na-emeghị ya na ọrụ ụfọdụ, abụ ndị mechara bụrụ naanị echiche.&quot; N'abalị iri na anọ n'ọnwa Mee, e bugoro EP ahụ na Apple Music.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lost Files&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/you-can-now-stream-nasty-cs-lost-files-ep/273429|title=You Can Now Stream Nasty C's 'Lost Files' EP|work=[[Okay Africa]]|author=Mkhabela|first=Sabelo|date=14 May 2020|accessdate=14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 20 Mee 2020, Nasty C mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na ọrụ cameo na akụkụ isii nke Netflix African mbụ na-eto eto na-eto eto Blood &amp; Water, na-arụ ọrụ nke Zhero.&lt;ref name=&quot;Netflix&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/rapper-nasty-c-makes-his-acting-debut-in-netflixs-blood-water-20200514|title=Rapper Nasty C makes his acting debut in Netflix's 'Blood &amp; Water'|work=[[News24 (website)|Channel 24]]|author=Ngwadla|first=Nkosazana|date=14 May 2020|accessdate=14 May 2020}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNgwadla2020&quot;&gt;Ngwadla, Nkosazana (14 May 2020). [https://www.channel24.co.za/TV/News/rapper-nasty-c-makes-his-acting-debut-in-netflixs-blood-water-20200514 &quot;Rapper Nasty C makes his acting debut in Netflix's 'Blood &amp; Water'&quot;]. ''[[News24 (saịtị)|Channel 24]]''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;14 May&lt;/span&gt; 2020&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Na 28 Mee 2020, Nasty C bịanyere aka na Universal Music Group flagship Def Jam Africa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Adegoke|first=Yinka|title=The legendary hip hop label Def Jam has been launched in Africa|url=https://qz.com/africa/1860785/universal-music-ups-def-jam-africa-label-in-nigeria-south-africa|work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz Africa]]|accessdate=26 June 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Juun, Nasty C sonyeere onye egwu America bụ T.I. maka egwu ngagharị iwe &quot;They Don't&quot;. Ihe a na-enweta site na abụ ahụ na-abara òtù ndị na-abaghị uru uru uru uru uru uru ruo mgbe nnwere onwe na ego, na okwu na-ezo aka na ogbugbu George Floyd.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/ti-and-nasty-c-share-new-song-they-dont-listen/|title=T.I. and Nasty C Share New Song &quot;They Don't&quot;: Listen|work=[[Pitchfork (magazine)|Pitchfork]]|author=Strauss|first=Matthew|date=8 June 2020|accessdate=8 June 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na ise nke ọnwa Juun, ya na DJ Whoo Kid wepụtara mixtape, nke akpọrọ ''Zulu''.

Mgbe ọtụtụ oge gasịrị, na 6 Ọgọstụ 2020, Nasty C gara na soshal midia ya ma kwupụta na a ga-ewepụta abọm ya a na-atụ anya ya Zulu Man with Some Power n'ime ọnwa Ọgọstụ. O wepụtara ndepụta egwu nke nwere egwu iri abụọ nke gosipụtara ndị egwu mba ụwa na South Africa, gụnyere Lil Keed, Ari Lennox, Lil Gotit, T.I, Tellaman na Rowlene. E wepụtara abọm ahụ na 28 Ọgọstụ 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://consequence.net/2020/08/nasty-c-palm-trees-stream/|title=Nasty C Drops New Single &quot;Palm Trees&quot;: South African rapper is set to release his new album Zulu Man With Some Power on August 28th|work=[[Consequence of Sound]]|date=7 August 2020|accessdate=27 August 2020|author=Young, Alex}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2020-08-28-legendary-or-take-the-l-heres-what-the-streets-think-of-nasty-cs-new-album/|title='Legendary' or 'take the L'? Here's what the streets think of Nasty C's new album|work=TimesLIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2020, Nasty C meriri ihe nrite Best Male Rap Act na mmemme African Muzik Magazine Awards 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;African Muzik Magazine Awards 2020: All the winners {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/african-muzik-magazine-awards-2020-all-winners|publisher=Music In Africa|first=Gabriel Myers|author=Hansen|date=16 November 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Disemba 2020, ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ na MTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs list, nke ugboro ise ya n'usoro ịpụta na ndepụta ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tucker|first=Mercia|title=MTV Base ranks its Hottest MCs (and new wave artists) for 2020|url=https://theplugmag.com/mtv-base-ranks-its-hottest-mcs-and-new-wave-artists-for-2020/|accessdate=6 March 2022|work=The Plug|date=27 January 2021|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na June 2021, o wepụtara otu egwu akpọrọ &quot;Best I Ever Had&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Listen to Nasty C’s New Song ‘Best I Ever Had’ - OkayAfrica|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-nasty-cs-new-song-best-i-ever-had/292943|work=OkayAfrica|date=June 4, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fans praise Nasty C for his range after he drops new song, ‘Best I Ever Had’|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2021-06-04-fans-praise-nasty-c-for-his-range-after-he-drops-new-song-best-i-ever-had/|date=June 4, 2021|work=TshisaLIVE|first=Chrizelda|author=Kekana}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na emume nke isii nke All Africa Music Awards, ọ natara nhọpụta atọ maka Songwriter of the Year, Best Male Artist in Southern Africa na Best African Rapper/Lyricist.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=All Africa Music Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/all-africa-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|work=Music In Africa|first=Gabriel Myers|author=Hansen|accessdate=23 September 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọ n'ọkwa nke atọ ọzọ na 2021 MTV Base: SA's Hottest MCs list, nke isii ya n'usoro na ndepụta ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;event2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Shumba|first=Ano|title=SA: MTV Base announces Hottest MCs of 2021|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-mtv-base-announces-hottest-mcs-2021|accessdate=6 March 2022|work=Music In Africa|date=7 December 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== 2022–ugbua: ọrụ ọhụrụ, Ivyson Army Tour ===
Na Mee 2022, ọ malitere Ivyson Army Tour malitere Mee 7 (Bloemfontein); njem ahụ gụnyere ụbọchị 5 nke ga-amalite na Mee 7 ruo June 4, 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SA: Nasty C invites US rapper Domani on his Ivyson Army Tour {{!}} Music In Africa|url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-nasty-c-invites-us-rapper-domani-his-ivyson-army-tour|first=Ano|author=Shumba|accessdate=2022-05-07|work=Music in Africa|date=2022-05-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Discography ==

=== Albọm Studio ===

* Bad Hair (2016)
* ''Strings'' and Bling (2018)
* Zulu Man with Some Power (2020)

=== Mixtapes ===

* One Kid a Thousand Coffins (2013)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=One Kid a Thousand Coffins - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_nJ9ihGzZXIXBMcrfNylXkSXGmoRKxxA6k|accessdate=2022-03-03|work=www.youtube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* L.A.M.E (2014)
* ''Price City'' (2015)
* ''Zulu'' (2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-17|title=Millions all the way! Nasty C celebrates streaming milestones [watch]|url=http://www.thesouthafrican.com/culture/entertainment/nasty-c-celebrates-streaming-milestones-dj-whookid-zulu-jack-colorful-watch/|accessdate=2022-03-03|work=The South African|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Egwuregwu agbatị ===

* C L.A.M.E (2014)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=C L.A.M.E EP (Extended Play Version) - YouTube|url=https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_lDhPgRVIj27jVVxg7GefoGWIHLRb4KMDI|accessdate=2022-03-03|work=www.youtube.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Fayil ndị furu efu (2020)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-14|title=You Can Now Stream Nasty C’s ‘Lost Files’ EP|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nasty-c-lost-files/|accessdate=2022-03-03|work=OkayAfrica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

=== Television ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
Ihe nkiri
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
!ndetu
!Ref.
|-
|2020
|''Ọbara na Mmiri''
|Zhero
|Ọrụ Ndị ọbịa
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Netflix&quot;/&gt;
|-
|2020
|''Nwoke Zulu na Japan''
|Ya onwe ya
|Ihe nkiri
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Zulu Man In Japan - Netflix|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81313134#:~:text=In%20this%20documentary%2C%20South%20African,city's%20sights%2C%20sounds%20and%20culture.&amp;text=Watch%20all%20you%20want.|work=Netflix|accessdate=2022-06-07|archivedate=2022-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220607140316/https://www.netflix.com/title/81313134#:~:text=In%20this%20documentary%2C%20South%20African,city's%20sights%2C%20sounds%20and%20culture.&amp;text=Watch%20all%20you%20want.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Njem ==

=== Njem ndị isi ===

* Njem Ivyson (2017-2021)
* Ndị agha Ivyson (2022–ugbua)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nasty C's The Ivyson Tour Gets Date {{!}} Fakaza News|url=https://fakazanews.com/2017/07/26/nasty-cs-ivyson-tour-gets-date/|work=Fakaza News|date=26 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Emume Nrite
!Nrite
!Ọrụ / Onye nnata
!Nsonaazụ
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2015
|South African Hip Hop Awards 2015
|Best Freshman&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2015 SAHHA WINNERS|url=http://www.sahiphopawards.com/2015/12/2015-sahha-winners.html?m=1|work=SA Hip Hop Awards|accessdate=26 February 2017|archivedate=27 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227063700/http://www.sahiphopawards.com/2015/12/2015-sahha-winners.html?m=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ya onwe ya
| {{Won}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2016
|South African Hip Hop Awards 2016
|Lyricist nke Afọ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sahha 3 nominated 2016|url=https://www.sahiphopawards.com/2016/11/sahha-nomination-2016.html?m=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112032057/http://www.sahiphopawards.com/2016/11/sahha-nomination-2016.html?m=1|archivedate=12 November 2016|work=SA Hip Hop Awards|accessdate=26 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ya onwe ya
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |2017
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |16th Metro FM Music Awards
|Onye egwu ọhụrụ kachasị mma&lt;ref name=&quot;MMA16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=FULL LIST: Metro FM Award winners 2017|url=http://www.channel24.co.za/The-Juice/News/full-list-metro-fm-award-winners-2017-20170225|work=Channel 24|accessdate=26 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|''Mgbatị ntutu isi ọjọọ''
| {{Won}}
|-
|Abọm kacha mma nke nwoke&lt;ref name=&quot;MMA16&quot; /&gt;
|''Mgbatị ntutu isi ọjọọ''
| {{Won}}
|-
|Abọm Hip Hop kacha mma&lt;ref name=&quot;MMA16&quot; /&gt;
|''Mgbatị ntutu isi ọjọọ''
| {{Won}}
|-
|Abụ nke Afọ&lt;ref name=&quot;MMA16&quot; /&gt;
|''Hell Naw''
| {{Won}}
|-
|BET Awards
|Best International Act: Africa&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bet.com/shows/bet-awards/2017/nominees/best-international-act-africa.html|title=BET Awards 2017 {{!}} Best International Act – Africa {{!}} Nominees|work=BET.com|accessdate=2018-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Ya onwe ya
| {{Nom}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|SAMAs 27
|Abọm Hip Hop kacha mma
|''Nwoke Zulu nwere ike ụfọdụ''
|{{Won}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|location=South Africa |work=News24|first=Qhama|last= Dayile|title=Here's the full list of the SAMA winners {{!}} Drum|url= https://www.snl24.com/drum/celebs/news/heres-the-full-list-of-the-sama-winners-20210731-3|date=31 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=South African Music Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/south-african-music-awards-2021-all-nominees|first= Ano|last=Shumba|date=19 May 2021|website=Music In Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|MTV Africa Music Awards 2021
|Onye egwu hip hop kacha mma
|
|{{pending}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Here Are the 2021 MTV Africa Music Awards Nominees |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/mtv-africa-music-awards-2021-nominees-announced/ |website=OkayAfrica |access-date=1 July 2021 |language=en |date=2020-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Leekwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị egwu hip hop

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* Nasty C on Twitter 
{{Nasty C|state=expanded}}{{authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Obafemi Awolowo</title>
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{{Databox}}

Chief '''Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo''' GCFR (Yoruba: ; 6 Machị 1909 - 9 Mee 1987) bụ onye Naijiria na-ahụ maka mba na onye ọchịchị nke rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa gbasara nnwere [[Tribal chief|onwe]] nke Naịjirịa, Republics nke mbụ na nke abụọ  na [[Nigerian Civil War|Agha Obodo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obafemi Awolowo {{!}} Nigerian statesman {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Obafemi-Awolowo|accessdate=2022-03-24|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-13|title=NATIONAL HERO: Chief Obafemi Awolowo Full Biography,Life And Heroic Works+Quotes|url=https://www.takemetonaija.com/2015/10/national-hero-chief-obafemi-awolowo.html|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=TIN Magazine|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwa onye ọrụ ugbo Yoruba, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mere onwe ha n'ezie n'etiti ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ na Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Spirituality of the Igbo People of Nigeria as an Example of Religious Modernization in a Global World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hdqrDwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=The+son+of+a+Yoruba+farmer,+he+was+one+of+the+truly+self-made+men+among+his+contemporaries+in+Nigeria&amp;pg=PA179|accessdate=2022-05-15|date=18 February 2020|isbn=9783643911094|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ bụ nwa okorobịa, ọ bụ onye nta akụkọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike, na-edezi akwụkwọ dịka onye ọrụ Naịjirịa, n'elu ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=AWOLOWO, Chief Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/awolowo-chief-obafemi/|author=Admin|date=2016-11-16|work=Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ natara nzere bachelors maka azụmahịa na Naịjirịa, ọ gara London iji nweta nzere ya na iwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Olalekan|first=falaye|date=2020-05-18|title=See The PAPA AWOLOWO'S CAR That Toured The Whole 19 States During The 1979 And 1983 Presidential Campaign. {{!}}Nig24news.|url=https://www.nig24news.com/see-the-papa-awolowos-car-that-toured-the-whole-19-states-during-the-1979-and-1983-presidential-campaign-nig24news/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Nig24News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-06-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210602221337/https://www.nig24news.com/see-the-papa-awolowos-car-that-toured-the-whole-19-states-during-the-1979-and-1983-presidential-campaign-nig24news/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Obafemi Awolowo bụ onye isi oche mbụ nke mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ ma mesịa bụrụ kọmishọna gọọmentị etiti maka ego, na osote onye isi oche nke Federal Executive Council&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Federal Executive Council - Nigeria Embassy Turkey|url=https://embassynigeriaturkey.com/federal-executive-council|accessdate=2022-04-04|work=embassynigeriaturkey.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'oge agha obodo Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obafemi Awolowo: Awo of The West|url=https://guardian.ng/life/obafemi-awolowo-awo-of-the-west/|date=2019-03-06|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29|archivedate=2023-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729205736/https://guardian.ng/life/obafemi-awolowo-awo-of-the-west/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi na-azọ ọkwa kachasị elu nke mba ya ugboro atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;James Booth 1981. Pp. 52&quot;&gt;James Booth. ''Writers and politics in Nigeria''. Africana Pub. Co., 1981, p. 52.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ nwa afọ Ikenne na [[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun Steeti]] nke ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa, ọ malitere ọrụ ya, dịka ụfọdụ n'ime ndị ama ama n'oge ya, dịka onye na-ahụ maka mba na Nigerian Youth Movement nke o biliri wee bụrụ odeakwụkwọ mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-14|title=Awolowo: the Lost President and a Nation In Grief, By Toyin Falola|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/442742-awolowo-the-lost-president-and-a-nation-in-grief-by-toyin-falola.html|accessdate=2022-03-10|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt; Awolowo bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ iwu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke mere ka Naịjirịa bụrụ mba ọgbara ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=L-X-XYB_ZkIC&amp;pg=PA89&amp;dq=awolowo+1954&amp;hl=en&amp;ei=0JwYTfn9Do_o4gaip8iGAg&amp;sa=X&amp;oi=book_result&amp;ct=result&amp;resnum=5&amp;ved=0CDgQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&amp;q=awolowo%201954&amp;f=false Historical dictionary of the British empire, Volume 1]&lt;/ref&gt; Awolowo guzobekwara otu ndi Yoruba bụ Egbe Omo Oduduwa .&lt;ref name=&quot;Chief Obafemi Awolowo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chief Obafemi Awolowo|url=https://biography.yourdictionary.com/chief-obafemi-awolowo|accessdate=2022-03-24|work=biography.yourdictionary.com|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527224202/https://biography.yourdictionary.com/chief-obafemi-awolowo}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awolowo bụ onye ndu mbụ nke azụmahịa gọọmentị na Mịnịsta nke ọchịchị ime obodo na ego, na onye isi ala mbụ nke mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ n'okpuru usoro ndị omeiwu Naịjirịa, site n'afọ1952 ruo afọ 1959.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-03-06|title=Obafemi Awolowo: Awo of The West|url=https://guardian.ng/life/obafemi-awolowo-awo-of-the-west/|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230729205736/https://guardian.ng/life/obafemi-awolowo-awo-of-the-west/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi ndị mmegide na ndị omeiwu etiti na gọọmentị [[Abubakar Tafawa Balewa|Balewa]] site n'afọ 1959 ruo afọ 1963.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obafemi Awolowo: Endowed with robust planning capacity, notable integrity, ardent nationalism …|url=https://businessday.ng/news-features/article/obafemi-awolowo-endowed-robust-planning-capacity-notable-integrity-ardent-nationalism/|date=2018-01-14|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chief Obafemi Awolowo&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1963, a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'okpuru ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru ma gọọmentị agbagharaghị ya ruo n'afọ 1966, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ malitere ọrụ dịka Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ego.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-03-08|title=The Generalissimo of western region's politics|url=https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/chief-samuel-ladoke-akintola-the-generalissimo-of-western-regions-politics/|accessdate=2022-02-27|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-02-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227130934/https://guardian.ng/sunday-magazine/chief-samuel-ladoke-akintola-the-generalissimo-of-western-regions-politics/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịghọta ihe a niile, Awolowo bụ onye mbụ n'oge a nke a kpọrọ aha ya dịka onye ndú nke ndị Yoruba (Yoruba: Asiwaju Awon Yoruba ma ọ bụ ''Asiwaju Omo Oodua'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obafemi Awolowo {{!}} Nigerian statesman {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Obafemi-Awolowo|accessdate=2022-02-24|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Obafemi Awolowo Jeremiah Obafemi Oyeniyi Awolowo na 6 Machị 1909 n'ime obodo Remo nke Ikenne, dị na[[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun Steeti]] nke Naịjirịa ugbu a. dịka naanị nwa nwoke nke David Shopolu Awolowo, onye ọrụ ugbo na onye ọrụ osisi, na Mary Efunyela Awolowo.&lt;ref name=&quot;britannica.com&quot;/&gt; O nwere ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ na otu nwanne nne. A mụrụ nna Awolowo n'aka onye isi dị elu na onye otu Iwarefa, ndị isi nke otu ọdịnala Osugbo nke chịrị Ikenne. N'afọ 1896, nna Awolowo ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị obodo Ikenne mbụ ghọrọ Ndị Kraịst. Nne nne nna Awolowo, Adefule Awolowo, onye Awolowo hụrụ n'anya, bụ onye na-efe Ifá ofufe. Adefule, nne nne Awolowo, kwenyere na Obafemi bụ nlọ ụwa nke nna ya (nne nna ya). Ntughari nna Awolowo na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na-emegidekarị nkwenkwe ezinụlọ ya. Ọ na-agbakarị ndị na-efe chi kịtịkpa, Obaluaye aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.latestnigeriannews.com/news/226709/awos-religious-influences.html|title=Awo's religious influences}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna ya mechara nwụọ na Eprel 8, afọ 1920, site na kịtịkpa mgbe Obafemi dị ihe dị ka afọ iri na otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;political&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijfJhANmGG8C&amp;q=Obafemi+Awolowo+Inner+temple|title=Political Leaders of Contemporary Africa South of the Sahara: A Biographical Dictionary|first=Harvey|author=Glickman|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1992|isbn=9780313267819}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche, gụnyere Baptist Boys 'High School (BBHS), Abeokuta; wee bụrụ onye nkuzi na [[Abeokuta]], mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o ruru eru dịka onye na-ede akwụkwọ mkpụmkpụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye odeakwụkwọ na Wesley College Ibadan, yana onye na-ede akwụkwọ maka ''[[Daily Times (Nigeria)|Nigerian Times]]'' .&lt;ref&gt;&quot;then British owned&quot;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ mgbe nke a gasịrị ka ọ malitere azụmahịa dị iche iche iji nyere aka nweta ego iji gaa UK maka ọmụmụ ihe ọzọ. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Wesley College, Ibadan, n'afọ 1927, ọ debara aha na Mahadum nke London dịka nwa akwụkwọ mpụga ma gụsịa akwụkwọ na nzere nke Bachelor of Commerce (Hons.).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=LIFES AND TIMES OF CHIEF OBAFEMI AWOLOWO|url=http://thearenaweekly.myschoolarena.com/2018/01/31/lifes-and-times-of-chief-obafemi-awolowo/|author=Akosa|first=Amala|date=2018-01-31|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29|archivedate=2020-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806000740/http://thearenaweekly.myschoolarena.com/2018/01/31/lifes-and-times-of-chief-obafemi-awolowo/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara UK n'afọ1944 iji mụọ iwu na Mahadum nke London ma bụrụ onye a kpọrọ na Bar site na Honorable Society of the Inner Temple na 19 Nọvemba 1946.&lt;ref name=&quot;political&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WixiTjxYdkYC&amp;q=Obafemi+Awolowo+Inner+temple&amp;pg=PA198|title=Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set|first=Kevin|author=Shillington|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=9781135456696}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 1949, Awolowo hiwere ''[[Nigerian Tribune]]'', akwụkwọ akụkọ Naijiria nke onwe ya, nke o ji gbasaa nghọta mba n'etiti ndị Naijiria.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/about-us|title=About Us|publisher=Nigerian Tribune|accessdate=11 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520045355/http://tribune.com.ng/index.php/about-us|archivedate=20 May 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Awolowo bụ onye isi gọọmentị etiti Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Five Independence Day Heroes|url=https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/five-independence-day-heroes/|date=2017-10-01|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29|archivedate=2022-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001121015/https://guardian.ng/life/life-features/five-independence-day-heroes/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;the  world&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime ''ụzọ'' ya maka nnwere onwe Naịjirịa (1947) - usoro izizi nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa gosipụtara - ọ kwadoro gọọmentị etiti dịka naanị ntọala maka njikọta mba n'ụzọ ziri ezi ma, dịka onye isi nke Action Group, o duziri ihe achọrọ maka iwu gọọmentị etiti, nke e webatara n'afọ 1954 Lyttleton Constitution, na-agbaso ihe nlereanya nke ndị nnọchi anya mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke ya duziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=IN MEMORIAM: Awo, the sage who named the naira, drew his last breath 30 years ago|url=https://www.thecable.ng/flashback-exactly-30-years-ago-awolowo-hero-named-naira-took-last-breath|date=2017-05-09|work=TheCable|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dịka onye prịm Minista ọ gosipụtara na ọ bụ ma ahụtakwa ya dịka onye ọhụụ na onye nchịkwa dị ike. Awolowo bụkwa onye isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na mba ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;James Booth 1981. Pp. 52&quot;&gt;James Booth. ''Writers and politics in Nigeria''. Africana Pub. Co., 1981, p. 52.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ kwadoro oke nwe ọha na eze na obere atụmatụ etiti na gọọmentị.&lt;ref name=&quot;James Booth 1981. Pp. 52&quot; /&gt; O kwenyere na steeti kwesịrị itinye akụ na ụba Naịjirịa n'ime agụmakwụkwọ na mmepe akụrụngwa nke steeti.&lt;ref&gt;Case For Ideological Orientation, O. Awolowo.&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụzọ na-arụrịta ụka, na nnukwu ego, ọ webatara agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị n'efu maka mmadụ niile na nlekọta ahụike n'efu maka ụmụaka na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ, guzobere ọrụ telivishọn mbụ na Africa na 1959, na Oduduwa Group, ndị niile sitere na ụlọ ọrụ koko na-enye nnukwu ego nke bụ isi ihe na ụba mpaghara.

== Ntọala ọ tọrọ ==
N'afọ 1992, e hiwere Obafemi Awolowo Foundation dịka otu nọọrọ onwe ya, nke na-achọghị uru, nke na-abụghị nke otu na-agba mbọ ịkwalite mmekọrịta nke iwu ọha na eze na agụmakwụkwọ dị mkpa iji kwalite mmepe zuru oke nke mba Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=About OAF|url=https://www.obafemiawolowofoundation.org/aboutUs_historical_sketch.php|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=www.obafemiawolowofoundation.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi ala Naịjirịa n'oge ahụ, General Ibrahim Babangida, malitere ntọala ahụ na Liberty Stadium, Ibadan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.obafemiawolowofoundation.org/aboutUs_historical_sketch.php|title=The Obafemi Awolowo Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Otú ọ dị, ihe nketa ya kachasị mkpa (nke a na-akpọ Awoism) bụ iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nlereanya ya, welfarism ya, onyinye ya iji mee ngwa ngwa usoro decolonisation na nkwado ya na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ezi uche dị na ya nke gọọmentị etiti-dabere na mkpebi onwe onye nke agbụrụ-asụsụ na ijikọta steeti ndị siri ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị-dị ka ntọala kachasị mma maka ịdị n'otu Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Obafemi Awolowo {{!}} Nigerian statesman|url=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Obafemi-Awolowo|accessdate=2021-06-02|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Awolowo nwụrụ n'udo n'ụlọ Ikenne ya, Ụlọ Nzukọ Efunyela (nke a na-akpọ aha nne ya), na 9 Mee 1987, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri asaa na asatọ ma lie ya na Ikenne, n'etiti nkwanye ugwu n'ofe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na agbụrụ-okpukpe.

== Nsọpụrụ ==
E gosipụtara ya na 100 Naira banknote kemgbe 1999.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/NIA/NIA0028.htm Nigeria 100 Naira 1999-2014] Bank note museum&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/NIA/NIA0041.htm Nigeria 100 Naira 2014 &amp; 2019] Bank note museum&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ọtụtụ aha ndị isi ndị ọzọ, Chief Awolowo nwere aha ''Odole Oodua'' nke Ile-Ife.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/chieftaincy-title-buhari-congratulates-adebutu/|title=Chieftaincy Title: Buhari Congratulates Adebutu|date=19 October 2019|accessdate=3 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ==

* ''Ụzọ nnwere onwe Naịjirịa ''
* ''Awo - Autobiography nke Chief Obafemi Awolowo''
* ''Mmalite Ndụ M''
* ''Echiche banyere Iwu Naijiria''
* ''The People's Republic''
* ''The Strategy &amp; Tactics of the People's Republic of Nigeria''
* ''Nsogbu nke Afrịka - Mkpa maka Ntụle Echiche''
* ''Awo na agha obodo Naịjirịa''
* ''Ụzọ nke ịdị ukwuu nke Naijiria''
* ''Voice of Reason''
* ''Olu Obi Ike''
* ''Olu nke Amamihe''
* ''Adventures in Power - Book 1 - My March Through Prison''
* ''Adventures in Power - Book 2 - Travails of Democracy''
* Njem m n'ụlọ mkpọrọ
* Socialism na-eje ozi nke New Nigeria
* Okwu ndị a họọrọ nke Chief Obafemi Awolowo
* Nkà ihe ọmụma nke Independent Nigeria
* Ihe ncheta sitere na Awo
* Ụzọ nnwere onwe akụ na ụba na mba na-emepe emepe
* Blueprint for Post-War Reconstruction
* Nkwekọrịta nkwekọrịta ndị agha Anglo-Nigerian

== Leekwa ==
 
Ebe obibi Ikenne nke Chief Obafemi Awolowo

== Edemsibịa ==
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'''Willie Bester''' (amụrụ n'ubochí irí abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị, n'afọ 1956) bụ onye South Africa na-ese ihe, onye na-akpụ ihe na onye na-ese ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;SA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Willie Bester|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/willie-bester|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma n'ihe banyere ọrụ ya na ngagharị iwe nke usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ site na ihe osise ya. Ugbu a, ya na nwunye ya, Evelyn na ụmụ ha atọ bi na Kuilsrivier, South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ross1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ross|first=Doran|title=On Art and Museums in South Africa after the Elections|journal=African Arts|volume=28|issue=1|pages=1–7|year=1995|doi=10.2307/3337242}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;presidency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/willie-bester-1956|title=Willie Bester|work=The Presidency Government of South Africa|accessdate=7 November 2019|archivedate=16 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016214553/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/willie-bester-1956}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ Willie Bester. ==
A mụrụ Bester na Montagu, Western Cape, obodo dị na mpaghara Western Cape nke South Africa ihe dị ka kilomita otu narị na iri asatọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site na Cape Town. Nna ya bụ Xhosa na nne ya bụ onye a na-akpọ Coloured n'okpuru usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. A mụrụ ya tupu ha alụọ di ma ọ bụ nwunye, ya mere e mere e depụtara ya dị ka onye nwere agba, were aha nne ya.

Mgbé ọ bụ nwata, Bester gosipụtara nkà okike maka nka. A maara ya ka ọ na-emepụta ma na-ere ụgbọala egwuregwu site na waya, na-emepụta ọkụ isi site na kandụl na akwa tin a tụfuru. O meriri n'asọmpi nka n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ ógè agbamume sitere n'aka onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ghọtara mmasị ya na eserese.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Godby|first=Michael|date=1996|title=The Art of Willie Bester|journal=African Arts|volume=29|issue=1|pages=42–49|doi=10.2307/3337446}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ebe a na-ahazi nne na nna ya dị ka mmekọrịta agbụrụ, Bester chere ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka ihu ógè ọ na-etolite. A jụrụ ha ụlọ na mpaghara 'Coloured' nke Montagu, ebe naanị ebe obibi maka ndị ọrụ ojii bụ ụlọ nkwari akụ nwoke na nwanyị. Iji biri ọnụ dị ka ezinụlọ n'ime obodo, ha na-ebikarị n'azụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt; N'oge a, e nwere obere nguzogide a haziri ahazi megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ezinụlọ nne ya jụrụ Bester na ụmụnne ya n'ihi na nna ha bụ nwoke ojii na-asụ Xhosa, kama ịbụ onye na-asụ Afrikaans.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt; Bester gbakwara akaebe na ndị uwe ojii na ndị ọrụ ugbo na Montagu na-ama nna ya ojii ógè niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt;

Ógè ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, Bester, dị ka ụfọdụ obodo na ndị ntorobịa ime obodo nọ n'ọnọdụ ndị yiri ya sonyeere ndị agha nchebe South Africa. Ọ nọrọ otu afọ n'ebe ahụ, na nke ọzọ n'ogige ndị agha maka ndị ntorobịa ojii na-enweghị ọrụ. O mechara bụrụ onye enyemaka ezé. N'oge afọ 1980s, mmegide dị ka Soweto Uprising kpaliri Bester, onye laghachiri na mmasị nwata ya na nka site na isonyere Community Arts Program na Cape Town ógè ọ dị afọ iri atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Konate1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Konate|first=Yacouba|date=1998|title=Willie Bester: Engagé Et Engageant|journal=Cimaise|volume=4|issue=253|pages=81–87}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;af&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Ọrụ&lt;/span&gt; ==
Bester na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka eserese, foto&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot;/&gt; na ihe ọkpụkpụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Godbybook&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Is There Still Life? Continuity and Change in South African Still Life Painting|author=Godby|first=Michael|publisher=Publ. to Accompany the Exhibition at the Old Town House, Cape Town and at the Sanlam Art Gallery, Bellville, 2007 and 2008|year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McIntosh2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=McIntosh|first=Tavish|date=2009|title=Reviewed work: ''Is There Still Life? Continuity and Change in South African Still Life Painting'' by Michael Godby|journal=African Arts|volume=42|issue=1|pages=109–110|doi=10.1162/afar.2009.42.1.109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Powell2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Powell|first=Ivor|title=Behind UCT's Removed Art: The Writing on the Wall|journal=Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy|volume=2|issue=3–4|pages=7–12|doi=10.5860/jifp.v2i3-4.6412|year=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ross1995&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ onye ama ama maka ihe banyere ndị na-agwakọta na mgbasa ozi na-eji collage na eserese. E jiriwo ojiji o jiri ihe ndị a chọtara na collage na-anọchite anya ụwa n'ezie tụnyere Pablo Picasso na Synthetic Cubism, ihe mkpofu nke Kurt Schwitters na ọrụ Pop Art izizi nke Robert Rauchenberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Ngosipụta naanị ya (nhọrọ) ===

* 1982 Forum, Cavendish Square, Cape Town.
* 1991 Gallery International, Cape Town
* 1992 Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg
* 1993 South African Association of Art, Cape Town
* 1994 Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg
* 1998 Emporain, Dakar
* 1999 Opere Recenti, Studio d'Arte Raffaelli, Trento, Italy
* 1999 Archivio Della Scuola Romana, Introdotto da Achille Bonito Oliva, Roma, Italy
* 2000 Arte Assortite, Torino
* 2001 Centre D'Art Contemporain, Brussels, Belgium
* 2002 SASOL Museum, Stellenbosch
* 2003 Association for Visual Arts, Cape Town
* 2005 34 LONG, Cape Town
* 2007 Montagu Museum
* 2008 Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town
* 2009 Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg

=== Ngosipụta otu (nhọrọ) ===

* 1989 Baxter Gallery, Cape Town
* 1990 Gallery International, Cape Town
* 1991 Operation Hunger Exhibition, Cape Town
* 1991–92 ZABALAZA FESTIVAL, Museum of Modern Art, Oxford
* 1992 Primart Gallery, Cape Town
* 1993 Venice Biennale, INCROCI DEL SUD: Ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nke ndị nka 27 nke oge a na South Africa
* 1993–94 INCROCI DEL SUD, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
* 1994 UN ART CONTEMPORIAN D'AFRIQUE DU SUD, Galerie De L'Esplanade, La Defence, Paris
* 1995 DIALOGUES OF PEACE, Ihe ngosi maka ncheta afọ iri ise nke UN, Palaise Des Nations, Geneva
* 1996 Basel Art Fair, Basel, Switzerland
* 1996 Contemporary Art from South Africa, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin
* 1997 Galleria d'Art Moderna e Contemporanea di San Marino, San Marino
* 1998 Biennale de l'Art Contemporian, Dakar, Senegal
* 1999 Claiming Art Reclaiming Space, [[National Museum of African Art]], Washington DC.
* 2000 Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, New York
* 2001 Barcelona Contemporary Cultural Center, Spain
* 2002 Paspọtụ na South Africa, Centro Culturale &quot;Trevi&quot;, Bolzano, Italy
* 2003 Suidoos Festival, Peninsula Technikon 'Coexistence- Contemporary Cultural Production in South African' Rose Art Museum, USA
* 2004 Africa Remix - Düsseldorf, Museum Kunst Palast: 24 July–7 November 2004
* 2005 [[London]], Hayward Gallery
* 2006 Tokyo, Mori Art Museum
* 2007 Rocca di Castagnoli, Biennale Internazionale d'Art, Italy
* 2009 34 LONG FINE ART, Cape Town&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Bester-Willie&amp;bio=en&amp;m=37|title=Willie Bester - Pigozzi Collection 2019|work=CAACART - The Pigozzi Collection|accessdate=2019-11-12|archivedate=2019-12-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217050514/http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Bester-Willie&amp;bio=en&amp;m=37}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Ụlọ, Gloria, Alison Kenzie, und Art Gallery nke Windsor. Willie Bester: ụlọ nyocha apartheid : Art Gallery of Windsor, February 24-June 17, 2007. Art Gallery nke Windsor, 2008.
* Lee, Donvé. Willie Bester: Art as a Weapon. Awareness Publishing, 2008.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220521054831/https://williebester.co.za/ Willie Bester's Homepage]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007045511/http://www.artsouthafrica.com/?article=220 Artsouthafrica.com]
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406184116/http://caacart.com/bio.php?la=en&amp;m=37 Willie Bester]&quot;, CAACart (Contemporary African Art Collection nke Jean Pigozzi dere)
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Willie Bester''' (amụrụ n'ubochí irí abụọ na itoolu n'ọnwa Febụwarị, n'afọ 1956) bụ onye South Africa na-ese ihe, onye na-akpụ ihe na onye na-ese ihe.&lt;ref name=&quot;SA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Willie Bester|url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/people/willie-bester|work=South African History Online|accessdate=7 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A maara ya nke ọma n'ihe banyere ọrụ ya na ngagharị iwe nke usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ site na ihe osise ya. Ugbu a, ya na nwunye ya, Evelyn na ụmụ ha atọ bi na Kuilsrivier, [[South Africa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Ross1995&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ross|first=Doran|title=On Art and Museums in South Africa after the Elections|journal=African Arts|volume=28|issue=1|pages=1–7|year=1995|doi=10.2307/3337242}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;presidency&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/willie-bester-1956|title=Willie Bester|work=The Presidency Government of South Africa|accessdate=7 November 2019|archivedate=16 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211016214553/http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/national-orders/recipient/willie-bester-1956}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ Willie Bester. ==
A mụrụ Bester na Montagu, Western Cape, obodo dị na mpaghara Western Cape nke South Africa ihe dị ka kilomita otu narị na iri asatọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ site na [[Cape Town]]. Nna ya bụ Xhosa na nne ya bụ onye a na-akpọ Coloured n'okpuru usoro ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. A mụrụ ya tupu ha alụọ di ma ọ bụ nwunye, ya mere e mere e depụtara ya dị ka onye nwere agba, were aha nne ya.

Mgbé ọ bụ nwata, Bester gosipụtara nkà okike maka nka. A maara ya ka ọ na-emepụta ma na-ere ụgbọala egwuregwu site na waya, na-emepụta ọkụ isi site na kandụl na akwa tin a tụfuru. O meriri n'asọmpi nka n'etiti ụlọ akwụkwọ ógè agbamume sitere n'aka onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ghọtara mmasị ya na eserese.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Godby|first=Michael|date=1996|title=The Art of Willie Bester|journal=African Arts|volume=29|issue=1|pages=42–49|doi=10.2307/3337446}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ebe a na-ahazi nne na nna ya dị ka mmekọrịta agbụrụ, Bester chere ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka ihu ógè ọ na-etolite. A jụrụ ha ụlọ na mpaghara 'Coloured' nke Montagu, ebe naanị ebe obibi maka ndị ọrụ ojii bụ ụlọ nkwari akụ nwoke na nwanyị. Iji biri ọnụ dị ka ezinụlọ n'ime obodo, ha na-ebikarị n'azụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt; N'oge a, e nwere obere nguzogide a haziri ahazi megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ezinụlọ nne ya jụrụ Bester na ụmụnne ya n'ihi na nna ha bụ nwoke ojii na-asụ Xhosa, kama ịbụ onye na-asụ Afrikaans.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt; Bester gbakwara akaebe na ndị uwe ojii na ndị ọrụ ugbo na Montagu na-ama nna ya ojii ógè niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt;

Ógè ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, Bester, dị ka ụfọdụ obodo na ndị ntorobịa ime obodo nọ n'ọnọdụ ndị yiri ya sonyeere ndị agha nchebe South Africa. Ọ nọrọ otu afọ n'ebe ahụ, na nke ọzọ n'ogige ndị agha maka ndị ntorobịa ojii na-enweghị ọrụ. O mechara bụrụ onye enyemaka ezé. N'oge afọ 1980s, mmegide dị ka Soweto Uprising kpaliri Bester, onye laghachiri na mmasị nwata ya na nka site na isonyere Community Arts Program na Cape Town ógè ọ dị afọ iri atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Konate1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Konate|first=Yacouba|date=1998|title=Willie Bester: Engagé Et Engageant|journal=Cimaise|volume=4|issue=253|pages=81–87}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;af&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Ọrụ&lt;/span&gt; ==
Bester na-arụ ọrụ n'ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka eserese, foto&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot;/&gt; na ihe ọkpụkpụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Godbybook&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Is There Still Life? Continuity and Change in South African Still Life Painting|author=Godby|first=Michael|publisher=Publ. to Accompany the Exhibition at the Old Town House, Cape Town and at the Sanlam Art Gallery, Bellville, 2007 and 2008|year=2007}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;McIntosh2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=McIntosh|first=Tavish|date=2009|title=Reviewed work: ''Is There Still Life? Continuity and Change in South African Still Life Painting'' by Michael Godby|journal=African Arts|volume=42|issue=1|pages=109–110|doi=10.1162/afar.2009.42.1.109}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Powell2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Powell|first=Ivor|title=Behind UCT's Removed Art: The Writing on the Wall|journal=Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy|volume=2|issue=3–4|pages=7–12|doi=10.5860/jifp.v2i3-4.6412|year=2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ross1995&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ onye ama ama maka ihe banyere ndị na-agwakọta na mgbasa ozi na-eji collage na eserese. E jiriwo ojiji o jiri ihe ndị a chọtara na collage na-anọchite anya ụwa n'ezie tụnyere Pablo Picasso na Synthetic Cubism, ihe mkpofu nke Kurt Schwitters na ọrụ Pop Art izizi nke Robert Rauchenberg.&lt;ref name=&quot;Godby1996&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Ngosipụta naanị ya (nhọrọ) ===

* 1982 Forum, Cavendish Square, Cape Town.
* 1991 Gallery International, Cape Town
* 1992 Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg
* 1993 South African Association of Art, Cape Town
* 1994 Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg
* 1998 Emporain, Dakar
* 1999 Opere Recenti, Studio d'Arte Raffaelli, Trento, [[Italy]]
* 1999 Archivio Della Scuola Romana, Introdotto da Achille Bonito Oliva, Roma, Italy
* 2000 Arte Assortite, Torino
* 2001 Centre D'Art Contemporain, Brussels, Belgium
* 2002 SASOL Museum, Stellenbosch
* 2003 Association for Visual Arts, Cape Town
* 2005 34 LONG, Cape Town
* 2007 Montagu Museum
* 2008 Iziko South African National Gallery, Cape Town
* 2009 Goodman Gallery, Johannesburg

=== Ngosipụta otu (nhọrọ) ===

* 1989 Baxter Gallery, Cape Town
* 1990 Gallery International, Cape Town
* 1991 Operation Hunger Exhibition, Cape Town
* 1991–92 ZABALAZA FESTIVAL, Museum of Modern Art, Oxford
* 1992 Primart Gallery, Cape Town
* 1993 Venice Biennale, INCROCI DEL SUD: Ihe ngosi nke ọrụ nke ndị nka 27 nke oge a na South Africa
* 1993–94 INCROCI DEL SUD, Stedelijk Museum, Amsterdam
* 1994 UN ART CONTEMPORIAN D'AFRIQUE DU SUD, Galerie De L'Esplanade, La Defence, Paris
* 1995 DIALOGUES OF PEACE, Ihe ngosi maka ncheta afọ iri ise nke UN, Palaise Des Nations, Geneva
* 1996 Basel Art Fair, Basel, Switzerland
* 1996 Contemporary Art from South Africa, Haus der Kulturen der Welt, Berlin
* 1997 Galleria d'Art Moderna e Contemporanea di San Marino, San Marino
* 1998 Biennale de l'Art Contemporian, Dakar, Senegal
* 1999 Claiming Art Reclaiming Space, [[National Museum of African Art]], Washington DC.
* 2000 Aldrich Museum of Contemporary Art, New York
* 2001 Barcelona Contemporary Cultural Center, Spain
* 2002 Paspọtụ na South Africa, Centro Culturale &quot;Trevi&quot;, Bolzano, Italy
* 2003 Suidoos Festival, Peninsula Technikon 'Coexistence- Contemporary Cultural Production in South African' Rose Art Museum, USA
* 2004 Africa Remix - Düsseldorf, Museum Kunst Palast: 24 July–7 November 2004
* 2005 [[London]], Hayward Gallery
* 2006 Tokyo, Mori Art Museum
* 2007 Rocca di Castagnoli, Biennale Internazionale d'Art, Italy
* 2009 34 LONG FINE ART, Cape Town&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Bester-Willie&amp;bio=en&amp;m=37|title=Willie Bester - Pigozzi Collection 2019|work=CAACART - The Pigozzi Collection|accessdate=2019-11-12|archivedate=2019-12-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217050514/http://www.caacart.com/pigozzi-artist.php?i=Bester-Willie&amp;bio=en&amp;m=37}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Ụlọ, Gloria, Alison Kenzie, und Art Gallery nke Windsor. Willie Bester: ụlọ nyocha apartheid : Art Gallery of Windsor, February 24-June 17, 2007. Art Gallery nke Windsor, 2008.
* Lee, Donvé. Willie Bester: Art as a Weapon. Awareness Publishing, 2008.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220521054831/https://williebester.co.za/ Willie Bester's Homepage]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007045511/http://www.artsouthafrica.com/?article=220 Artsouthafrica.com]
* &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20190406184116/http://caacart.com/bio.php?la=en&amp;m=37 Willie Bester]&quot;, CAACart (Contemporary African Art Collection nke Jean Pigozzi dere)
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    <title>Noufissa Benchehida</title>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Noufissa Benchehida''' (a mụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1975) bụ onye France na-eme ihe nkiri na Morocco.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Benchehida na Morocco n'afọ 1975 na Oujda . Ọ zụlitere mmasị maka ihe nkiri na nwata.&lt;ref name=&quot;zerrour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Zerrour|first=Leila|title=Benchehida Noufissa : &quot;Je ne suis pas seulement une femme flic&quot;|url=https://www.maghress.com/fr/aujourdhui/56778|work=Maghress|accessdate=7 November 2020|language=French|archivedate=13 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201113134457/https://www.maghress.com/fr/aujourdhui/56778}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Cours Florent na Paris. Benchehida nwetara diplọma na ihe nkiri na Conservatory nke Casablanca.&lt;ref name=&quot;agenzia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Noufissa Benchehida|url=http://www.agenziaisabellagullo.net/noufissa-benchehida.html|work=Agenzia Isabella Gullo|accessdate=7 November 2020|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gakwara ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na njem nleta na Montpellier.&lt;ref name=&quot;retour&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Retour de Noufissa Benchida au cinéma : Rôle principal dans le film &quot;Agadir-Bombay&quot;|url=https://www.libe.ma/Retour-de-Noufissa-Benchida-au-cinema-Role-principal-dans-le-film-Agadir-Bombay_a3282.html|work=Liberation|accessdate=7 November 2020|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Benchehida mere ihe nkiri mbụ ya n'afọ 2004, na Syriana nke Stephane Cagan duziri.&lt;ref name=&quot;agenzia&quot;/&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na-eme ka onye uwe ojii Zineb Hejjami na usoro TV El ''kadia'' n'afọ 2006. O kwuru na ọ masịrị ya n'ọrụ ahụ mana ọ chọghị ịghọ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme ka ndị uwe ojii, ọ chọkwara ịpụta na ihe nkiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;zerrour&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2006, ọ nọ na usoro ihe nkiri TV nke Siria ''Moulouk Attawaif'' . N'afọ 2011, Benchehida nwere ọrụ dị mkpa dịka nwanyị na-eme mkpọsa maka ụmụ nwanyị a na-erigbu na ''Agadir Bombay'', nke Myriam Bakir duziri.&lt;ref name=&quot;retour&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2015, o mere ihe nkiri ''Aida'' .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Guisser|first=Salima|title=Noufissa Benchehida nominée à un nouvel award africain|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/noufissa-benchehida-nominee-a-un-nouvel-award-africain-2|work=Aujourdhui Le Maroc|accessdate=7 November 2020|language=French|date=28 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, Benchehida pụtara na A la recherche du pouvoir perdu (&quot;Na Search of Lost Power&quot;), nke Mohammed Ahed Bensouda duziri. Ọ gosipụtara Ilham, onye na-agụ egwú cabaret nke na-eso onye ọchịagha lara ezumike nká. Ọrụ ya mere ka ọ nata Golden Sotigui na Sotigui Awards nke afọ 20 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moroccan actress Noufissa Benchehida wins Golden Sotigui|url=http://moroccanladies.com/breaking-news/moroccan-actress-noufissa-benchehida-wins-golden-sotigui-19609|work=Moroccan Ladies.com|accessdate=7 November 2020|date=2017|archivedate=17 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117175922/http://moroccanladies.com/breaking-news/moroccan-actress-noufissa-benchehida-wins-golden-sotigui-19609}}&lt;/ref&gt; E nyekwara Benchehida ihe nrite Best Actress na Panafrican Film and Television Festival nke Ouagadougou.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Grira|first=Mohamed|title=Fespaco 2017: L'Étalon d'or revient à Alain Gomis pour son film &quot;Félicité&quot;|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/fr/afrique/fespaco-2017-létalon-dor-revient-à-alain-gomis-pour-son-film-félicité/764329|work=Anadolu Agency|accessdate=7 November 2020|language=French|date=5 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Benchehida na-asụ French, Arabic, na Bekee.&lt;ref name=&quot;agenzia&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

* 2004 : ''Siria''
* 2006 : El ''kadia'' (ihe nkiri TV)
* 2006 : ''Moulouk Attawaif'' (ihe nkiri TV)
* 2009 : ''Ọ bụ ya''
* 2010 : Scars (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi)
* 2010 : Une heure en enfer (ihe nkiri TV)
* 2011 : ''Agadir Bombay''
* 2013 : ''Beb El Fella -'' Le Cinemonde
* 2013 : Ịkpọ oku
* 2015 : ''Aida''
* 2016 : ''Massafat Mile Bihidayi''
* 2016 : ''Na-achọ ike furu efu''
* 2018 : ''Wala alik'' (usoro ihe nkiri TV)
* 2020 : Alopsy (ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi)

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [[imdbname:3608595|Noufissa Benchehida]] na Internet Movie Database
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    <title>Nadia Ejjafini</title>
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'''Nadia Ejjafini''' (amụrụ na abalị asatọ, na onwa Nọvemba, na afo 1977) bụ onye na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge a mụrụ na [[Morocco]]. Ọ gbanwere mba ya site na mba a mụrụ ya gaa Bahrain n'afọ 2003, ma mesịa ghọọ nwa amaala [[Italy|Ịtali]] site n'alụmdi na nwunye n'afọ 2009.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Ọ mechara nke anọ na mita 5000 na 1998 World Junior Championships. O meriri ọkara ọsọ marathon na afọ 1999 Pan Arab Games, n'oge ahụ na-anọchite anya Morocco.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/arg.htm Pan Arab Games] (GBR Athletics)&lt;/ref&gt; O meriri asọmpi Giro di Castelbuono n'afọ 2002.&lt;ref&gt;Monti, Dave &amp; Civai, Franco (2010-07-27). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606035623/https://arrs.run/HP_CsB11.htm La Corsa Piu' Antica 11.2 km (M) and 5.6 km (F)]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved 2011-01-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ejjafini sonyere na World Cross Country Championships na afọ 2003 rue na afọ 2004 na marathon na Isompi ụwa na afọ 2003. O mekwara asọmpi marathon na afọ 2004 ya na afo 2008 Summer Olympics, mana ọ gwụbeghị na mgbalị ọ bụla. Ọ bụ onye nke anọ n'elu 5000 m na afọ 2006 Asian Games.

O nwere ihe ịga nke ọma na circuit n'okporo ụzọ na afọ 2006: ọ meriri Tilburg Ten Miles, Diecimiglia del Garda, Parelloop, Circuito Podistico na Rome-Ostia Half Marathon n'afọ ahụ. O nwetakwara mmeri n'usoro na Corrida de Langueux na Correda de Houilles 10K agbụrụ na afọ 2006 rue na afọ 2007.&lt;ref&gt;Lefeuvre, Thierry (2010-07-23). [https://www.arrs.run/HP_Langueux10.htm Corrida Langueux 10 km]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]]. Retrieved on 2011-01-20.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arrs.run/HP_Hou10.htm Corrida de Houilles 10 km]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]] (2011-01-04). Retrieved 2011-01-20.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na-anọchite anya Bahrain, o nwetara ihe nrite ọlaọcha 5000m na ọla nchara 10,000m na 2007 Military World Games wee merie ọla nchara na afọ 2007 Asian Cross Country Championships.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Krishnan|first=Ram. Murali|date=2007-10-18|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/kind=2/newsid=42109.html|title=World 1500m bronze medallist Korir takes unexpected defeat – World Military Games, Day 3|publisher=[[International Association of Athletics Federations|IAAF]]|accessdate=2011-01-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.arrs.run/HP_AsChXC.htm Asian Crosscountry Championships]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]] (2009-03-03). Retrieved on 2011-01-20.&lt;/ref&gt; Na Athletics na afọ 2007 Pan Arab Games, ọ bụ onye nwetara ọla edo 10,000m.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20181006215749/http://www.africathle.com/gb/perso/perf/112007.html Results November 2007 - Pan Arab Games]. Athletics Africa. Retrieved 2011-11-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

O nwetara nwa amaala Ịtali na onwa  Septemba, na afọ 2009 site n'alụmdi na nwunye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=132971/index.html|title=Ejjafini Nadia|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2011-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010194808/http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/letter=0/athcode=132971/index.html|archivedate=2012-10-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ ahụ, ọ bụ onye mmeri na Singelloop Utrecht . O meriri n'asọmpi mba mbụ ya na afọ 2011 Italian Athletics Championships n'elu 10,000 m. Ọ bịara nke abụọ na Cross della Vallagarina na onwa Jenụwarị, na afọ 2011, na-agwụcha n'azụ onye na-agba ọsọ Etiopia Fente Alemu Birtukan.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Sampaolo|first=Diego|date=2011-01-17|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/longosiwa-and-birtukane-take-commanding-victo|title=Longosiwa and Birtukane take commanding victories in Vallagarina XC|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2016-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọchitere anya Ịtali na mba ụwa na nke mbụ ya na afọ 2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships, na-abịa nke 34 n'ozuzu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.iaaf.org/wxc11/results/eventCode=4527/sex=W/discCode=XSE/combCode=hash/roundCode=f/results.html#det|title=2011 World XC - Senior Race - W Final|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2011-04-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa sochirinụ, o sonyere na Great Ireland Run wee ruo n'elu atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Martin|first=Dave|date=2011-04-10|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/teenager-purdue-upsets-experienced-rivals-in|title=Teenager Purdue upsets experienced rivals in Dublin 10Km|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2016-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O meriri Cremona Half Marathon n'ọnwa Ọktoba site na ọsọ kachasị mma nke 1:08:27 awa na nke kachasị mma nke 2:26:15 na igba ọsọ sochiri, dịka ọ bụ nke isii na Frankfurt Marathon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Butcher|first=Pat|date=2011-10-30|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/kipsang-tantalises-with-20342-world-record-as|title=Kipsang tantalises with 2:03:42 World record assault in Frankfurt|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2016-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na November's Cross Internacional Valle de Llodio ọ meriri ọsọ 7.64 kilomita na ọkara nkeji fọdụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Valiente|first=Emeterio|date=2011-11-28|title=Komon and Ejjafini succeed in Llodio XC|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/komon-and-ejjafini-succeed-in-llodio-xc|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2016-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọ na-asọ mpi maka ihe nrite maka ọtụtụ n'ime asọmpi ahụ na 2011 European Cross Country Championships, mana Gemma Steel mere ya n'ọkwa nke anọ. Na Cross de Venta de Baños n'ọnwa ahụ, ọ bụ onye nke abụọ n'azụ [[Priscah Jepleting Cherono|Priscah Jepleting]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Valiente|first=Emeterio|date=2011-12-18|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/limo-and-jepleting-secure-a-kenyan-double-in|title=Limo and Jepleting secure a Kenyan double in Venta de Baños|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2016-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na asọmpi ikpeazụ ya n'afọ ahụ, ọ bịara nke anọ na Saint Silvester Road Race.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=T. Bekele and Jeptoo beat the Sao Paulo New Year's Eve rain|author=Biscayart|first=Eduardo|date=2012-01-01|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/t-bekele-and-jeptoo-beat-the-sao-paulo-new-ye|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2016-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ meziwanyere 10K kacha mma ya ruo 31:52 nkeji na Great Manchester Run na Mee 2012, na-ewere ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'azụ [[Linet Masai]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wenig|first=Joerg|date=2012-05-20|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/news/gebrselassie-takes-another-strong-10k-victory|title=Gebrselassie takes another strong 10k victory in Manchester|publisher=IAAF|accessdate=2016-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe kacha mma n'onwe ya ==

* 5000 mita - 15:16.54 nkeji (2012)
* 10,000 mita - 31:45:14 nkeji (2012)
* Ọkara marathon - 1:08:27 awa (2011)
* Marathon - 2:26:15 awa (2011)

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru ==
{| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}}
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{MAR}}
|-
|1998
|[[1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]]
|[[Annecy]], [[France]]
| —
|5000m
|bgcolor=pink|[[1998 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres|DQ]] (IAAF rule 141)
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{BHR}}
|-
|2003
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Paris, France]]
|44th
|Marathon
|[[2003 World Championships in Athletics – Women's Marathon|2:38:39]]
|-
|2004
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Athens, Greece]]
|&amp;mdash;
|Marathon
|[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|DNF]]
|-
|2005
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]]
|[[Helsinki, Finland]]
|41st
|Marathon
|[[2005 World Championships in Athletics – Women's Marathon|2:41:51]]
|-
|2006
|[[Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games|Asian Games]]
|[[Doha]], Qatar
|4th
|5000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2006 Asian Games – Results|15:45.43]]
|-
|2007
|[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]]
|[[Cairo]], Egypt
|bgcolor=gold|1st
|10,000 m
|[[Athletics at the 2007 Pan Arab Games – Results|32:29.53]]
|-
|2008
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|[[Beijing]], [[PR China]]
|&amp;mdash;
|Marathon
|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon|DNF]]
|-
!colspan=&quot;6&quot;|Representing {{ITA}}
|-
|2011
|[[2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships|World Cross Country Championships]]
|[[Punta Umbría]], Spain
|34th
|Senior race (8&amp;nbsp;km)
|[[2011 IAAF World Cross Country Championships – Senior women's race|27:03]]
|-
|rowspan=4|2012
|rowspan=2|[[2012 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]]
|rowspan=2|[[Helsinki]], [[Finland]]
|6th
|5000 m
|[[2012 European Athletics Championships – Women's 5000 metres|15:16.54 (PB)]]
|-
| —
|10.000 m
|[[2012 European Athletics Championships – Women's 10,000 metres|DNF]]
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]]
|rowspan=2|[[London]]. [[United Kingdom]]
|Heat
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 5000 metres|5000 metres]]
|15:24.70
|-
|18th
|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 10,000 metres|10,000 metres]]
|31:57.03
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta oge niile nke Ịtali - mita 5000
* Ndepụta oge niile nke Ịtali - mita 10,000
* Ndepụta oge niile nke Ịtali - Ọkara marathon
* Ndepụta oge niile nke Ịtali - Marathon

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;
{{Reflist|2}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

*
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    <title>Netsanet Gudeta</title>
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[[Usòrò:ValenciaChampion_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Netsanet Gudeta]]
'''Netsanet Gudeta Kebede''' (amụrụ na 12 Febụwarị na afọ 1991) bụ onye Etiopia na-agba ọsọ ogologo oge nke na-asọ mpi na-agba ịnyịnya n'okporo ụzọ na ihe omume ịgba ọsọ gafee mba. Ọ bụ onye nwetara ọla nchara na IAAF World Cross Country Championships na 2015. O keere òkè n'ọkwa otu na asọmupi ahụ ma merie ọlaọcha otu na IAAF World Half Marathon Championships na 2014. Ihe kacha mma ya maka ọkara marathon bụ nkeji iri isii na isii na iri na otu (naanị ihe ndekọ ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyị).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-half-marathon-championships/iaaftrinidad-alfonso-world-half-marathon-cham-6023/news/feature/women/half-marathon|title=IAAF: Netsanet Gudeta world half marathon championships|work=iaaf.org|accessdate=2018-10-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Netsanet toro na Bekoji, Ethiopia bụ mpaghara a maara nke ọma maka ịmepụta ndị egwuregwu kachasị elu, gụnyere Kenenisa Bekele na Tirunesh Dibaba. Ọ malitere ọzụzụ na [[Aberu Kebede]] na Aselefech Mergia, n'etiti ndị ọzọ O mere nke mbụ ya na mba ofesi na 2013 Prague Grand Prix na Czech Republic, na-agwụcha na nke iri.&lt;ref name=&quot;GER1&quot;&gt;Mochizuki, Jiro (2013-11-24). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/tsegay-gudeta-great-ethiopian-run-10km-addis Tsegay and Gudeta win Great Ethiopian Run]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ARRS&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20220822235957/https://more.arrs.run/runner/37882 Netsanet Gudeta]. [[Association of Road Racing Statisticians]] (2015-03-25). Retrieved on 2015-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt; Nnukwu ọsọ Etiopia mere ka aha ya bụrụ ihe a ma ama na mba niile ka ọ na-ahụ ihe ịma aka n'elu 10K site na [[Atsede Bayisa|Atsede Baysa]], onye mmeri Chicago Marathon nke afọ 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;GER1&quot; /&gt; Ọ mechiri afọ ahụ site na onye nke abụọ na São Silvestre Road Race na Brazil, na-etinye 15K kacha mma nke 52:08 nkeji.&lt;ref name=&quot;ARRS&quot; /&gt;

Netsanet tụgharịrị gaa gafee mba na mbido afọ 2015 ma njedebe nke anọ ya na Jan Meda International Cross Country mere ka ọ bụrụ onye ọzọ a họọrọ na mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;Negash, Elshadai (2015-02-02). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/2015-jan-meda-international-cross-country-rep Yalew and Tola triumph at the Jan Meda International Cross Country]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbanwere nke ọma na ahịhịa nke 2015 IAAF World Cross Country Championships wee merie ihe nrite mbụ ya site na ịmecha nke atọ n'azụ onye otu Etiopia Senbere Teferi. Ha abụọ duuru Etiopia gaa n'ọkwa ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị senio na asọmupi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;Sammet, Michelle (2015-03-28). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/55164982e55acf17182fbcf9 Teenage talent Tirop triumphs in Guiyang]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2015-03-28.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2020, o sonyere zọọ ọkara marathon ụmụ nwanyị na 2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships nke emere na Gdynia, Poland.&lt;ref name=&quot;women_half_marathon_championships_2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Women's Half Marathon|url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7138821/AT-HMAR-W-f----.RS6.pdf?v=1284936714|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017111945/https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7138821/AT-HMAR-W-f----.RS6.pdf?v=1284936714|archivedate=17 October 2020|accessdate=17 October 2020|work=2020 World Athletics Half Marathon Championships}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Nicole Becker</title>
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Nicole &quot;Nicki&quot; Becker (Buenos Aires) bụ onye na-ahụ maka ihu igwe nke si Argentina na otu n'ime ndị guzobere Jóvenes por el Clima, akụkụ nke Friday for Future movement.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jacobo|first=Julia|date=4 November 2021|title=COP26: These are the young activists taking the fight against global warming by storm|url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/cop26-young-activists-taking-fight-global-warming-storm/story?id=80774213|accessdate=21 April 2022|work=ABC News|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sinai|first=Javier|date=2019-11-21|title=Quién es Nicole Becker, la referente de los adolescentes argentinos que luchan contra la crisis climática {{!}} RED/ACCIÓN|url=https://www.redaccion.com.ar/quien-es-nicole-becker-la-referente-de-los-adolescentes-argentinos-que-luchan-contra-la-crisis-climatica/|accessdate=2022-04-21|language=es|archivedate=2021-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428090515/https://www.redaccion.com.ar/quien-es-nicole-becker-la-referente-de-los-adolescentes-argentinos-que-luchan-contra-la-crisis-climatica/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Becker ghọrọ onye mmeri ndị ntorobịa maka Escazu Agreement and Sanitation and Water for All (SWA) na 2021.

== Mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Becker bụ nwa nwanyị nke nna bụ onye ọka iwu na-eme mpụ na nne bụ onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ ma biri na Caballito.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sinay|first=Javier|date=2019-11-21|title=Quién es Nicole Becker, la referente de los adolescentes argentinos que luchan contra la crisis climática {{!}}|url=https://www.redaccion.com.ar/quien-es-nicole-becker-la-referente-de-los-adolescentes-argentinos-que-luchan-contra-la-crisis-climatica/|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=RED/ACCIÓN|language=es|archivedate=2021-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210428090515/https://www.redaccion.com.ar/quien-es-nicole-becker-la-referente-de-los-adolescentes-argentinos-que-luchan-contra-la-crisis-climatica/}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Mgbe ọ ghọtara mgbanwe ihu igwe, Becker gbanwere usoro ya na kọleji site na nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ gaa na iwu mba ụwa n'afọ mbụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bottollier-Depois|first=Amélie|date=10 October 2019|title=Young people take to the streets for climate: Who are they?|url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/life/2019/12/08/young-people-take-to-the-streets-for-climate-who-are-they.html|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=The Jakarta Post|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-amụ iwu ugbu a na Mahadum nke Buenos Aires .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bugacoff|first=Por Julieta|date=2021-05-31|title=Nicole Becker: la joven que llama la atención sobre la crisis climática|url=https://distintaslatitudes.net/destacado/nicole-becker-joven-llama-atencion-sobre-crisis-climatica|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=Distintas Latitudes|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịgba mbọ ==
Ebe ọ bụ na ọ dị afọ asatọ, Becker esonyerela Habonim Dror ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke Ni una menos.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mortimer|first=Victoria|date=2020-01-10|title=Quién es Nicole Becker, la &quot;Greta&quot; argentina|url=https://www.bioguia.com/ambiente/quien-es-nicole-becker-la-greta-argentina_71247874.html|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=Bioguia|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi malitere n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2019 mgbe ọ hụrụ vidiyo Instagram nke ndị na-eto eto na-eme njem ihu igwe na Europe, Greta Thunberg ghọkwara etiti isiokwu ahụ. N'ihi na e mere March mbụ International maka Nsogbu Ihu igwe na March 15, 2019, Becker, Bruno Rodriguez, na ndị enyi ha atọ ndị ọzọ kpebiri ịchọta Jóvenes por el Clima, akụkụ nke Youth Climate, na ngwụcha February 2019. Ha kpebiri ịhazi njem ahụ na Argentina, nke mmadụ pụkụ ise sonyeere mgbe ha guzobesịrị nzukọ ahụ. Nzukọ ahụ anọwo na-agba Argentina ume ime nkwupụta ihu igwe na ọnọdụ mberede.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Yaccar|first=María Daniela|date=15 August 2021|title=Cómo es la militancia de los jóvenes argentinos para detener el cambio climático {{!}} Un informe de la ONU advierte de consecuencias &quot;sin precedentes&quot;|url=https://www.pagina12.com.ar/361578-como-es-la-militancia-de-los-jovenes-argentinos-para-detener|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=|publisher=Pagina12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gọọmentị mechara kwupụta na 17 Julaị 2019.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CED regions in Argentina|url=https://www.cedamia.org/ced-regions-in-argentina/|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=|publisher=CEDAMIA}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, ọ natara onyinye ịga nzukọ ihu igwe nke UN na Madrid maka ndị ntorobịa Argentina. Dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa UnaSolaGeneración na World Children's Day site na UNICEF na America Solidaria iji kwalite mgbanwe ihu igwe nye ndị na-eto eto gburugburu Latin America na Caribbean n'oge ọrịa COVID-19, Becker ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 November 2020|title=One Planet, #UnaSolaGeneración|url=https://www.unicef.org/lac/en/press-releases/one-planet-unasolageneracion|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=www.unicef.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, Becker bịara na 2019 United Nations Climate Change Conference n'okpuru onyinye ahụ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ndị ntorobịa maka Argentina.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-25|title=Youth engagement|url=https://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/about/our-work/youth-engagement|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=Sanitation and Water for All (SWA)|language=en|archivedate=2022-02-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220208203505/https://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/about/our-work/youth-engagement}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ laghachiri na 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference wee zute odeakwụkwọ ukwu UN Antonio Guterres.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 November 2021|title=Glasgow / COP 26 Greta and Climate Activists|url=https://www.unmultimedia.org/tv/unifeed/asset/2679/2679993|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=United Nations UN Audiovisual Library|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsọpụrụ ==
Ụlọ omebe iwu nyere ya diplọma na ihe nrite iji kwanyere aka o nyere n'ọrụ ọha na eze na 10 Maachị 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=10 March 2020|title=LA CÁMARA DE DIPUTADOS DE LA NACIÓN DISTINGUIÓ A MUJERES DESTACADAS|url=https://www.diputados.gov.ar/prensa/noticias/2020/noticias_1237.html|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=www.diputados.gov.ar|archivedate=2021-06-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210609002301/https://www.diputados.gov.ar/prensa/noticias/2020/noticias_1237.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;Access Initiative (TAI), United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (UN ECLAC), na Gọọmentị Costa Rica họpụtara Becker dị ka otu n'ime ndị mmeri ntorobịa ise nọchiri David R. Boyd na ncheta nke abụọ nke nkwekọrịta Escazu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=4 March 2020|title=STATEMENT: 5 Youth Champions of Escazú Announced|url=https://www.wri.org/news/statement-5-youth-champions-escazu-announced|accessdate=21 April 2022|publisher=[[World Resources Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị ka ndị nkwado UNICEF na 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNICEF Youth Advocates 2020|url=https://www.unicef.org/world-childrens-day/unicef-youth-advocates-2020|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=www.unicef.org|language=en|archivedate=2021-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125195325/https://www.unicef.org/world-childrens-day/unicef-youth-advocates-2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2021, SWA họpụtara ya dị ka &quot;Onye mmeri na-eto eto nke mmemme ahụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-03-09|title=SWA Names its 2021 Youth Champion|url=https://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/news/swa-names-its-2021-youth-champion|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=Sanitation and Water for All (SWA)|language=en|archivedate=2021-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210527060137/https://www.sanitationandwaterforall.org/news/swa-names-its-2021-youth-champion}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Becker ghọrọ onye na-elekọta mmemme redio FutuRöck nke akpọrọ &quot;Permitido pisar el pasto&quot; na Rodriguez.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2 April 2021|title=Con Permitido pisar el pasto, FutuRöck incorpora un ambientalismo popular y accesible|url=https://www.grupolaprovincia.com/espectaculos/con-permitido-pisar-el-pasto-futuroumlck-incorpora-un-ambientalismo-popular-y-accesible-689644|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=Grupo La Provincia|language=es|archivedate=2021-04-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402170519/https://www.grupolaprovincia.com/espectaculos/con-permitido-pisar-el-pasto-futuroumlck-incorpora-un-ambientalismo-popular-y-accesible-689644}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa odee akwụkwọ maka Eldario.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nicki Becker|url=https://www.eldiarioar.com/autores/nicki-becker/|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=www.eldiarioar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Olumba Oworo</title>
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Oworo (Aworo) bụ olumba ndi Yoruba nke a na-asụkarị na '''Oworo''' distrikti nke di n'okpuru ọchịchị Lokoja, [[Ȯra Kogi|Kogi]] Steeti Naịjiria. Ọ dị nso na olumba Abinu (Bunu), Ikiri, Owe, Yagba na Ijumu nke a maara dị ka ''Okun''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ann O’Hear (2006)&quot;&gt;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7722/j.ctt81p3p, &quot;The History of Okun Yoruba: Research Direction&quot;], Yorùbá Identity and Power Politics, Editors: Toyin Falola, Ann Genova, Volume: 22, Publishers: Boydell &amp; Brewer, University of Rochester Press  (February 2006) Page 111-126&lt;/ref&gt; Olumba ndị Okun na-aghọta ibe ha.

O diri ka e nwere iwu doro anya na nke siri ike nke mgbanwe sitere na (''f'') na Yoruba (na olumba ndị ọzọ nke Okun) gaa na (''h'') na Oworo. Mgbanwe ndị yiri ya na-eme n'ọtụtụ ụdaume ndị ọzọ na consonants nwere obere nkpagide.  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, a na-asụgharị okwu ''funfun'', ''ìfẹ́'' na òsì nke pụtara ọcha, ịhụnanya na aka ekpe dịka ''hunhun'', ''ìhẹ́'' na ''òhì'' na Oworo ''n'otu'' n'otu.&lt;ref&gt;Arokoyo Bolanle.[https://web.archive.org/web/20130226231323/http://unilorin.edu.ng/publications/arokoyo/A%20Survey%20of%20the%20Phonology%20of%20the%20Okun%20Dialects.pdf &quot;A survey of Okun phonology&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ihi ọnọdụ ala nke ndị Oworo, Nupe, Igala, Hausa na asụsụ ndị ọzọ ha na ya gbara agbata obi emetụtala olumba Oworo. Mmetụta nke ndi Nupe dika ọ bụ ya kachasị ukwuu nke nwere ike ị bụ site na agha Nupe nke narị afọ nke iri na itolu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ann O’Hear (2006)&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Funso Afolayan. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220929124234/http://www.worldhistory.biz/sundries/32951-yoruba-states-other-than-ife-and-oyo.html &quot;Yoruba state(other than Ife and Oyo)&quot; ],  24the July 2015, Retrieved 13 October 2015.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://mauricearchibongtravels.blogspot.co.ke/2012/07/welcome-to-oworo-land-where-igbo-nupe.html?m=1]

Georgina OM, Adebola AI. &quot;An Optimality Analysis of Oworo Vowel Harmony&quot; E nwetara ya na 14 Ọktoba 2015
[[Òtù:Asusu ndi Naijiria]]</text>
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    <title>Nancy Sihlwayi</title>
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{{Infobox officeholder|website=}}{{Databox}}
Nomadewuka Nancy Sihlwayi bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa, onye a họpụtara na National Assembly of South Africa na ntuli aka 2019 dị ka '''onye''' otu African National Congress .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Who's nominated for the National Assembly &amp; provincial legislatures?|url=https://ewn.co.za/2019/05/15/who-s-nominated-for-the-national-assembly-and-provincial-legislatures|accessdate=2021-10-28|work=ewn.co.za|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=2021-10-28|work=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụburu ọrụ dị ka onye otu Executive Council (MEC) nke na-ahụ maka Ngalaba Mmepe Ọha na Eze na gọọmentị mpaghara Eastern Cape.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Phumulo Masualle fires four MECs and reshuffles his government|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/politics/2018-05-10-phumulo-masualle-fires-four-mecs-and-reshuffles-his-government/|accessdate=2021-10-28|work=BusinessLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sihlwayi na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka onye otu Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nomadewuka Nancy Sihlwayi|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/nomadewuka-nancy-sihlwayi/|accessdate=2021-10-28|work=People's Assembly|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụbu onye otu Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements, Water and Sanitation.

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220805091454/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/332 Profaịlụ] na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa
{{Current MPs of South Africa}}


[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Databox}}Nomalungelo Gina bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị South Africa bụ onye bụ onye omeiwu (MP) maka African National Congress kemgbe afọ 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ms Nomalungelo Gina - Parliament of South Africa|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/68|accessdate=2021-09-13|work=www.parliament.gov.za|archivedate=2021-09-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913195717/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/68}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ osote minista nke azụmahịa, ụlọ ọrụ na asọmpi ugbu a. Dị ka minista, ọ kwadoro mbupụ ugbo n'oge COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Makhanya|first=Lethiwe|title=Trade minister encourages SA farm exports|url=https://www.news24.com/witness/news/kzn/trade-minister-encourages-sa-farm-exports-20210829|accessdate=2021-09-13|work=Witness|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebenside ==
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]

'''Nwabueze Jaja Wachuku Nwokolo''' (amụrụ na 11 Disemba 1954), nwa eze nke Ngwaland, bụ onye ọka iwu Naịjịrịa nke [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] bụ onye otu kansụl na Law Society nke England na Wales; gụnyere ịbụ onye nduzi na onye isi oche nke BSN nke Great Britain: Black Solicitors Network, nnukwu òtù nke ụdị ya na Europe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.uk/business/committees/committees-a-z/lords-select/constitution-committee/news/jap-evidence-session-23-nov|title=Lords Committee hears from associations representing women and ethnic minority lawyers|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=7 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk|title=Welcome to BSN|publisher=Black Solicitors Network|accessdate=10 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwokolo bụ onye otu Law Society of England na Wales' Minority Ethnic Concerns Group.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://lexnoir.org/tag/black-solicitors-network|title=Black Solicitors Network|publisher=LexNoir|accessdate=1 April 2014|archivedate=6 March 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306162942/http://lexnoir.org/tag/black-solicitors-network/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/feature/nwabueze-nwokolo-seeks-re-election-law-society-council-bme-seat|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo seeks re-election to the Law Society Council BME Seat|date=May 2013|publisher=Black Lawyers Directory|accessdate=1 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/about-us/the-board|title=The Board|publisher=Black Solicitors Network|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ọ na-anọdụ na RAB: Regulatory Affairs Board nke Law Society.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.onlinebld.com/uploads/BLL/BLL_2009_taster.pdf|title=Showcasing Achievement in Law|publisher=Totally Management London|accessdate=8 April 2014|archivedate=9 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409110753/http://www.onlinebld.com/uploads/BLL/BLL_2009_taster.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwokolo bụ onye ọrụ ebere, ọdịbendị dị iche iche na ezinụlọ̀ ka mma tinyere onye na-akwado ikpe zịrị ezi; yana onye ogbugbo, ọrụ ebere, na-enweghị uru, idu ndú ndị ọrụ, mmepe obodo, iwu udo, nha nhata, nnagide, itinye aka na ọkachamara dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/nwabueze-nwokolo/3948.bio|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=The Law Society of England and Wales|accessdate=1 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2011, Nwokolo nyere aka na usoro nhọpụta ikpe na House of Lords nke United Kingdom nke Great Britain na Northern Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliamentlive.tv/main/Player.aspx?meetingId=9493|title=House of Lords Constitution Committee|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=20 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27206.htm|title=Judicial Appointments – Constitution Committee Contents|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwokolo bụ nwa nwanyị nke Jaja Wachuku: Onye isi oche mbụ nke Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya nke Naijiria; yana onye nnọchi anya Naijiria mbụ na onye nnọchianya na United Nations; na Minista [[Naijiria]] nke mbù maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na mmekọrịta Commonwealth. Ọ bụ nwa nwa Eze Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://theechonews.net/2019/12/09/south-east-political-heritage-jaja-wachuku-1918-1996/|title=South-East Political Heritage: Jaja Wachuku: 1918-1996|date=9 December 2019|publisher=The Echo News|accessdate=19 May 2020|archivedate=30 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130185925/https://theechonews.net/2019/12/09/south-east-political-heritage-jaja-wachuku-1918-1996/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://juniorlawyers.lawsociety.org.uk/node/123|title=Case study: Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=The Law Society|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407111712/http://juniorlawyers.lawsociety.org.uk/node/123}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Mee 2013, BRM-UK depụtara Nwokolo dị ka ihe nlereanya na Great Britain: Black Role Models United Kingdom otu nwere isi na [[London]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackrolemodelsuk.com/nwabueze-nwokolo|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=Black Role Models UK Organization|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307211625/http://www.blackrolemodelsuk.com/nwabueze-nwokolo/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ ya dị ka Nwambeze ma ọ bụ Nwabueze Jaja Wachuku na Naijiria n'afọ 1954 nye Rhoda na Jaja Wachuk, Nwokolo gara Queen's School [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]] na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Naijiria, Nsukka (UNN) site na 1973 ruo 1977 ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na LLB: Bachelor of Laws; gụnyere iwu, usoro obodo na nke mpụ, wdg. A kpọrọ ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria dị ka BL: Barrister at Law na 1978; ma mee mmemeNational Youth Service Corps site na 1978 ruo 1979. Na Mahadum nke Naijiria, Nsukka, ọ bụ onye isi oche, yana onye otu badminton na ndị na-egwu mmiri; gụnyere ịbụ onye otu Kandel Klub-show the light.

N'afọ 1990, Nwokolo gara n'ihu site n'ịgafe CPE nke Mahadum Nottingham Trent: Common Professional Examination for law discipline practitioners in the United Kingdom. Ọzọkwa, ọ gara n'ihu n'ọmụmụ iwu ya site n'ịgụsị akwụkwọ na College of Law Chester na LSF: The Law Society Finals na 1991. N'afọ 1999, o mere PDT Family Mediation Training na UK. N'afọ 2000, Nwokolo ruru eru maka CeMAP: Certificate in Mortgage Advice and Practice; na 2004, ọ nwetara Diploma na Mortgage Lending. Kemgbe 1978, Nwokolo abụwo onye ọka iwu na onye ọka iwụ nke SCN: Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Naijiria; na site na 1995, onye ọka iwu n'ụlọ ikpe nke Ezé Ukwu nke England na Wales ma ọ bụ Ụlọikpe Kasụ Elu nke England naWales- nke a na-akpọ ugbu a Ụlọikpe Kasọ Elu nke United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/profile/nwabueze-nwokolo-0|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo|publisher=Black Letter Law|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=22 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221022155740/https://www.blackletterlawpublication.com/profile/nwabueze-nwokolo-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'ịbụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ ma ruo eruo na 1977 dị ka onye ọka iwu na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Naijiria, Nsukka, a kpọrọ Nwokolo na NBA: Nigerian Bar na 1978. Ka e mesịrị, na 1995, ọ debanyere aha dị ka onye ọka iwu na England na Wales. Ọnye otu kansụl nke The Law Society nwere ọrụ maka Minority Ethnic Concerns, Nwokolo bụ ugbu a onyeisi oche nke Black Solicitors Network: BSN nzukọ na United Kingdom of Great Britain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/chancery-lane-pays-tribute-to-nelson-mandela/5039155.article|title=Chancery Lane pays tribute to Nelson Mandela|publisher=Law Society of England and Wales|accessdate=15 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ọ na-anọchite anya BSN na External Implementation Group (EIG) nke ndị na-ahụ maka iwu ndị ọka iwu guzobere: SRA ː na nzaghachi maka nchọpụta nke iwu ọjọọ na nke na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ nke ndị ọka iwu ojii na ndị agbụrụ pere mpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sra.org.uk/support/|title=Support|publisher=Solicitors Regulation Authority|accessdate=7 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka onye isi oche BSN, Nwokolo nyere aka karịsịa na usoro nhọpụta ndị ikpe na Kọmitii Iwu nke House of Lords na Nọvemba 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27213.htm|title=List of Witnesses – Judicial Appointments – Constitution Committee|publisher=Parliament UK|accessdate=17 March 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Black Solicitors Network ===
Kemgbe afọ 2005, ọ bụ onye nduzi nke BSN: Black Solicitors Network. Na mbido, tupu nhọpụta ya n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2010 dị ka onye isi oche mba BSN, ọ duziri ngalaba Midlands; ma nwee ọrụ maka nlekọta ọzụzụ atụrụ dabere na ahụmịhe ya dị ogologó dị ka onye ọka iwu ezinụlọ, onye nlekọta ụka na ónye ogbugbo ọmịiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://my-sra.org/sra/news/press/sra-listens-bme-solicitors-birmingham.page|title=SRA listens to BME solicitors at Birmingham event|publisher=Solicitors Regulation Authority|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064645/http://my-sra.org/sra/news/press/sra-listens-bme-solicitors-birmingham.page}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wikivorce.com/divorce/Directory/Solicitors/Solicitors-England-Solihull-All-Issues-Mediation-Service-B92-7DF.html|title=All Issues Mediation|publisher=Wikivorce|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407071509/http://www.wikivorce.com/divorce/Directory/Solicitors/Solicitors-England-Solihull-All-Issues-Mediation-Service-B92-7DF.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka onye isi oche Black Solicitors Network, Nwokolo anọwo na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma iji jide n'aka na mmechuihu UK n'òzuzúya na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị ọka iwu nke ndị Black na ndị Africa na ọrụ iwu ka mma maka ọdịmma nke mba ahụ; n'ihe gbasara ntinye [[Minority group|ndị ka nta]] na ọdịiche dị iche iche kwesịrị ekwesị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thelawyer.com/news/latest-news/diversity-league-table-minorities-still-under-represented-at-the-top-of-the-profession/3012384.article|title=Diversity League Table: minorities still under-represented at the top of the profession|publisher=The Lawyer|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site n'ọtụtụ atụmatụ, nke gụnyere ndụmọdụ nke Diversity League Table, Nwokolo emeela ka BSN rụọ́ ọrụ mgbe niile na ntụziaka nke ịgbasawanye òkè bara uru na ịnweta ọrụ iwu na United Kingdom. A maara ya maka ọhụụ na-aga n'ihu n'okwu ndị a: Na-arụ ọrụ na ndị mmekọ anyị na-anwa ịkwalite ihe n'ihe gbasara ịmepụta ndị ọrụ iwu kwadoro site na ndị kacha mma. Ntinye nke ajụjụ banyere mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke ndị ọka iwu, na ndị ọka iwu ka ha bụrụ, na-anọchite anya akụkụ ọhụrụ dị mkpa nke mkparịta ụka ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://l2b.thelawyer.com/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-to-league-tables-research/1007645.article|title=BSN adds social mobility questions to league tables research|publisher=The Lawyer|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407091359/http://l2b.thelawyer.com/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-to-league-tables-research/1007645.article}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ a dị mkpa nke Diversity League Table nwere mpaghara anọ dị iche iche; ya bụ: okike, agbụrụ, mmasị mmekọahụ na nkwarụ. Na-elekwasị anya na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na ụlọ ọrụ ndị iwu, a na-egosi nsonaazụ dị ka usoro nke profaịlụ nhazi na tebụl league na-esote; na-ahọrọ ndị sonyere na mpaghara ndị dị mkpa, yana igosi ọkwa zuru ezu na tebụla Diversity League zuru ezu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legalsupportnetwork.co.uk/human-resources/news/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-league-tables-research|title=social mobility questions added to league tables research by BSN|publisher=Legal Support Network UK|accessdate=4 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074044/http://www.legalsupportnetwork.co.uk/human-resources/news/bsn-adds-social-mobility-questions-league-tables-research}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwokolo akwadowo ma meé mkpọsa maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè ọ bụla na mmeso na-ezighị ezi nke ndị mmadụ na United Kingdom, Nigeria na mba ụwa; ọ na-ekwusi ike na &quot;e nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ a ga-arụ&quot; site n'aka ụmụ mmadụ niile n'afọ ndị na-abịa n'ihụ. Nwokolo kwuru, sị: &quot;Anyị ga-eduga ebubo ahụ, ma ghara ịgbaso ndị ọzọ na-enweghị ihe dị mma dị ka ndị ọka iwu iji nye ma nye ọrụ iwu&quot; maka imeziwanye ikike mmadụ, nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ịdị ndụ nke omume ndị isi ojii na ndị agbụrụ pere mpe (BME) na United Kingdom na ụwa niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/analysis/bme-solicitors-must-act-now-to-survive-upheaval-in-legal-services/58502.article|title=BME solicitors must act now to survive upheaval in legal services|publisher=The Law Society Gazette|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịkwado ndị ọka iwu Naijiria, Nwokolo abụwo onye nkwado siri ike maka omume ka mma na mba Afrịka; yana, maka ndị ọka iwu a mụrụ na Naijiria na United Kingdom, n'agba SRA: Solicitors Authority Regulation ume ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ewuli elu na onye na-adịghị elé mmadụ anya n'ihe gbasara itinye BMES: Black and Minority Ethnic Solicitors na mmemme na ọrụ na-aga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nigerianwatch.com/news/469-black-lawyers-invited-to-parle-with-solicitors-regulation-authority|title=Black lawyers invited to parle with Solicitors Regulation Authority|publisher=Word Press|accessdate=3 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Nwokolo abụwo onye na-akwado SRA sité na ọrụ ya nke inyere ndị ọkachamara aka ịghọta mgbagwoju anya na nsogbu ndị na-eche ha ihu na nha nhata na ihe dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawsocietymember.com/Report_latest_council_meeting_NOV.php|title=Black lawyers invited to parle with Solicitors Regulation Authority|publisher=Law Society Member|accessdate=4 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407064116/http://www.lawsocietymember.com/Report_latest_council_meeting_NOV.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụlọ Ndị Eze ===
N'ịbụ onye na-anọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị, ndị ogbenye na ndị agbụrụ pere mpe, na Nọvemba 2011, na Kọmitii Iwù nke House of Lords, n'ọrụ ya dị ka Onye isí oche Black Solicitors Network, Nwokolo kwadoro eziokwu a ma ama &quot;plateau of merit&quot;, gbasara usoro ịhọpụta ndị ọka ikpe na United Kingdom.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/calendar/?d=2011-11-23|title=Previous business|publisher=They Work For You|accessdate=4 April 2014|archivedate=2014-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407163956/http://www.theyworkforyou.com/calendar/?d=2011-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwusiri ike, sị: &quot;Anyị achọghị usoro ikpe nke na-abaghị uru ... [ma] ị nwere ike ịhapụ ọtụtụ ndị ga-abara ọha mmadụ uru n'ozuzu ha&quot;. Site na ọkwa nke uru &quot;ị na-ele ọha mmadụ n'ozuzu ya ma nabata uru dị n'ọtụtụ ebe dị iche iche ma mata uru ebe ị na-agaghị ele anya&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://alrich.wordpress.com/tag/house-of-lords-constitution-committee|title=House of Lords Constitution Committee|publisher=Alrich Blog: Word Press|accessdate=3 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụlọ ndị isi, Nwokolo bụ onye mmeri a ma ama nke: ọdịmma mmadụ, ọhụụ onye ndu ohu bara uru, nnagide na-adịgide adịgide, nkwurịta okwu ọdịbendị, ịmụta ibi n'otu, nnyefe ihe ọmụma ọmịiko na ijide n'aka na a na-enye ndị metụtara usorò nhọpụta ikpe ọzụzụ kwesịrị ekwesị. A maara ya ka o kwuru na: &quot;Ọ dị mkpa ịgbasa echiche gbasara nhọpụta ikpe, gụnyere inye ndị na-atụ aro maka nhọpụta nhata na ọzụzụ dị iche iche. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/targets-needed-for-judicial-diversity-peers-are-told/63246.article|title=Targets needed for judicial diversity, peers are told|publisher=The Law Society Gazette|accessdate=3 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kansụl Law Society ===
N'afọ 2009, Nwokolo malitere oge nke abụọ ya na Council of the Law Society of England and Wales, ma bụrụ onye isi oche nke Law Society Group Equality and Diversity Committee ruo afọ̀ atọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.managingpartner.com/opinion/hr/thought-leader-22|title=Thought leader|publisher=Wilmington Publishing &amp; Information|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072313/http://www.managingpartner.com/opinion/hr/thought-leader-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ọ na-aga n'ihu dị ka onye otu Legal Affairs and Policy Board (LAPB) na Black and Minority Ethnic Forum (BMEF) nke Law Society.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/158180407/Minutes-of-meeting-of-12-December-2012---the-Law-Societys|title=Minutes of the Law Society Wales Committee 12 December 2012|publisher=Docstoc|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 20111, ọ bụ onye isi oché nke Nzukọ Ndị Ọkaiwu Minority nke Law Society kwadoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://issuu.com/abpl/docs/av_16april11/7|title=Law Society Hosts Minority Lawyers' Conference|publisher=ISSUU|accessdate=13 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Nwokolo etinyela aka na mmepé ọhụụ na uto atụmatụ nke ngalaba ndị agbụrụ dị nta nke Law Society; ma hụ mbọ na ọrụ ya dị ka &quot;ọrụ na-aga n'ihu&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legalfutures.co.uk/latest-news/council-gives-law-society-chiefs-bloody-nose|title=Council gives Law Society chiefs a bloody nose|publisher=Legal Futures Publishing|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cigroup.org.uk/news.aspx?NewsID=19|title=Council seats victory for in-house lawyers|publisher=Commerce &amp; Industry Group|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407070954/http://www.cigroup.org.uk/news.aspx?NewsID=19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nwokolo abụrụla onyẹ otu kọmitii ndị na-esonụ nke The Law Society: National Executive: the Young Solicitors Group: 1999 Xia2003, Council Committee: 2002 Xia2005, Equality and Diversity: 2005 Xia2007, Chair Equality and Diversity Committee: 2007 Xia2010, Minority Ethnic Concerns Council: 2005 ruo ugbu a, Legal Affairs and Policy Board: 2007 ruo ugbu a na Co-Chair of the Minority Lawyers Conference: 2011. Ọzọkwa, ọ n'eje ozi dị ka onye otu ndị ọkachamara na United Kingdom ndị a: Mkpebi: Ndị ọka iwu ezinụlọ: 1993 ruo taa, SRA: Ndị ọka ikpe na-ahụ maka nchịkwa mpụga: 2007 ruo taá, Association of Women Solicitors: 1995 ruo taa na ndị ọka iwu nwere nkwarụ: 2005 ruo taa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/bsn-media/news/213-nwabueze-nwokolo-elected-as-new-bsn-chair|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo elected as new BSN Chair|publisher=Black Solicitors Network|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407055131/http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/bsn-media/news/213-nwabueze-nwokolo-elected-as-new-bsn-chair}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nkwado agụmakwụkwọ iwu ===
Banyere ọnụ ahịa agụmakwụkwọ iwu na United Kingdom, Nwokolo abụwokwa onye na-akwado ịchọta ụzọ ezì uche dị na ya iji mee ka ụgwọ agụmakwụkwọ mahadum belata iji wepụ ihe mgbochi ego maka ndị ọka iwu ojii na-achọ. Ọ bụ olu doro anya na mkpa maka mmemme ntụziaka na atụmatụ agbamume maka ndị na-eto eto nwere mmasị ịmụ iwu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lawcareers.net/Information/News/03112009-Soaring-uni-fees-create-barrier-for-black-lawyers|title=Soaring uni fees create barrier for black lawyers|publisher=Law Careers|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụzọ doro anya na-akwado maka usoro agụmakwụkwọ iwu magburu onwe ya, nke ọhụrụ na nke kwesịrị nṅomi na United Kingdom dị ka onye otu Law Society Council for Minority Ethnic Concerns na onye isì oche nke Law Society Group Equality and Diversity Committee, Nwokolo, kwuru na 2009:

&quot;Ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na-aga n'ihu na-adọta ndị ọka iwu ụmụ akwụkwọ BME n'agbanyeghị ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke agụmakwụkwọ, ntụgharị na omume nke ọzụzụ ịbụ onye ọka iwu. Ọ dị mfe n'oge gara aga mgbe enyemaka sitere n'aka ndị ọchịchị obodo ọbụna maka ọkwa mahadum. Iwụ bụ ọrụ asọmpi siri ike dịka ndị otu anyị niile kwusiri ike. Iji nwee ihe ịga nke ọma, ọ dịghị mkpa ka ị bụrụ onye mbụ si Oxbridge. Ihe achọrọ bụ ikwere n'onwe gị, agụụ, iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe, ịkwụwa aka ọtọ, nnọgidesi ike na ikike ịrụsi ọrụ ike. Ị chọrọ ọtụtụ ndị nduzi dị ka ị nwere ike ịnakọta na ndị otù anyị niile mere ka ndị ọka iwu na-achọ enyemaka dị njikere n'akụkụ a. Ndị were mmadụ n'ọrụ na-aga n'ihu na-achọ ma na-eji nzere na iwu kpọrọ ihe. Ya mere, ndị ọka iwu na-eto eto kwesịrị ịdị njikere ịbụ ndị ọhụrụ na ndị na-emepụta ihe n'iji ọzụzụ ha bara uru dị ka ndị ọkachamara iwu. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://centrallobby.politicshome.com/members/member-press/member-press-details/newsarticle/university-costs-are-a-hindrance-to-aspiring-black-lawyers-says-law-society///sites/law-society/|title=University costs are a hindrance to aspiring black lawyers, says Law Society|publisher=Central Lobby|accessdate=3 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075509/http://centrallobby.politicshome.com/members/member-press/member-press-details/newsarticle/university-costs-are-a-hindrance-to-aspiring-black-lawyers-says-law-society///sites/law-society/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ Chuka Uchemefuna Nwokolo, dọkịta na prọfesọ nke gastroenterology na nri na-edozi ahụ na Mahadum Warwick; gbakwunyere [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]]: Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire, ha nwere ụmụ nwanyị abụọ: Munachiso na Idu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19367876.queens-birthday-honours-list-uk-list-full/|title=Queen's Birthday Honours 2021|publisher=The Herald Scotland|accessdate=23 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://inews.co.uk/inews-lifestyle/people/queens-birthday-honours-list-2021-full-who-mbe-obe-cbe-knight-dame-1047332|title=Queen's Birthday Honours List 2021 in Full: Everyone Who's Received an MBE, OBE, CBE, Knighthood or Damehood|date=11 June 2021|publisher=iNews: Associated Newspapers Limited: UK|accessdate=23 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/eng/research/biomedical/famished/team|title=The Team|publisher=University of Warwick|accessdate=2 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Solihull, United Kingdom bụ ebe obibi ha. Ọzọkwa, na nzuzo, Nwokolo na-arụ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na ikpe ziri ézi agbụrụ maka Chọọchị Metọdist nke Great Britain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.methodist.org.uk/search-results?q=Nwabueze+Nwokolo|title=Nwabueze Nwokolo Search|publisher=The Methodist Church|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075144/http://www.methodist.org.uk/search-results?q=Nwabueze+Nwokolo}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://observer.gm/africa/gambia/article/more-goodwill-messages-for-president-jammeh|title=The Methodist Church, under the leadership of Reverend Norman Grigg|publisher=Daily Observer|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407075924/http://observer.gm/africa/gambia/article/more-goodwill-messages-for-president-jammeh}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye nduzi, onye nlekọta na gọvanọ na Queen's Foundation: Edgbaston: Birmingham: England bụ kọleji ọzụzụ njikọ ụka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://opencharities.org/charities/1111892|title=The Queen's Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education|publisher=Open Charities|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407063152/http://opencharities.org/charities/1111892}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.creditgate.com/companysearch/the+queens+foundation+for+ecumenical+theological+education.aspx|title=The Queens Foundation for Ecumenical Theological Education|publisher=Creditgate|accessdate=2 April 2014|archivedate=7 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407215158/http://www.creditgate.com/companysearch/the+queens+foundation+for+ecumenical+theological+education.aspx}}&lt;/ref&gt;

AIMs: All Issues Mediation Service, nke na-ekwu maka esemokwu na esemokwu na ezinụlọ na obodo bụ nke o guzobere. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, Nwokolo na-arụ ọtụtụ ọrụ afọ ofufo na nke na-enweghị urù maka ụmụ mmadụ site na RIOJAWACH: Rhoda Idu Onumonu Jaja Wachuku, otu NGO: Òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị o guzobere iji cheta ndị mụrụ ya Rhoda na Jaja Wachaku.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.asil.org/sites/default/files/documents/Management%20of%20Transboundry%20resources%20in%20Afria%20%281%29.pdf|title=Nwabueze and her siblings support education through RIOJAWACH, a trust ...|publisher=ASIL: American Society of International Law|accessdate=23 June 2021|archivedate=24 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203648/https://www.asil.org/sites/default/files/documents/Management%20of%20Transboundry%20resources%20in%20Afria%20(1).pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Josaiah Ndubuisi Wachuku
* Jaja Wachuku
* Ụlọ Ndị Eze
* Òtù Iwu
* Iwu nke United Kingdom
* Iwu Naịjirịa
* Chuku Wachuku

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140821214616/http://www.blacksolicitorsnetwork.co.uk/nwabueze-nwokolo Black Solicitors Network]
* [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/nwabueze-nwokolo/10/545/7a8 Profaịlụ LinkedIn]
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'''Nokuzola Gladys Tolashe''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye omeiwu (MP) maka African National Congress .

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Na 5 Septemba 2016, a ṅụrụ Tolashe iyi dị ka onye otu ANC Member of Parliament na National Assembly. Ọ nọchiri Raesibe Eunice Nyalungu, onye nwụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=National Assembly Members|url=https://static.pmg.org.za/181113_NA_MEMBERS_ALPHABETIC.pdf|accessdate=16 June 2022|work=Parliamentary Monitoring Group}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mbụ ya na National Assembly, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kọmitii Portfolio na Agriculture, Forestry na Fisheries, Kọmitii Porfolio na Labour, Kọmiti Portfolio na Communications.&lt;ref name=&quot;PA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nokuzola Gladys Tolashe|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/nokuzola-gladys-tolashe/|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=People's Assembly|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na National Assembly na 25 Febụwarị 2018 ma Daniel Jabu Kabini nọrọ n'oche ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minister Nomvula Mokonyane finally becomes an MP|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2018-08-14-minister-nomvula-mokonyane-finally-becomes-an-mp/|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 2018, a họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi obodo nke Enoch Mgijima Local Municipality.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ANC Eastern Cape Welcomes the Election of Enoch Mgijima Executive Mayor {{!}} ANC Eastern Cape|url=https://anceasterncape.org.za/anc-eastern-cape-welcomes-the-election-of-enoch-mgijima-executive-mayor/|accessdate=2022-06-16|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara Tolashe ka ọ laghachi na National Assembly na ntuli aka 2019 site na ndepụta nke ANC nke Eastern Cape.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/Elections/News/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-eje ozi na Kọmitii Na-adịgide adịgide na Akụkọ Ọha na Kọmiti maka Nnyocha nke 194 .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Parties deploy heavyweights for Busisiwe Mkhwebane probe|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2021-04-07-parties-deploy-heavyweights-for-busisiwe-mkhwebane-probe/|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke Kọmitii Ad Hoc na nhọpụta nke Auditor-General.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliament gets the ball rolling on finding SA's new auditor-general|url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/south-africa/2020-06-24-parliament-gets-the-ball-rolling-on-finding-sas-new-auditor-general/|accessdate=2022-06-16|work=SowetanLIVE|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220805095146/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/361 Profaịlụ] na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke South Africa
{{Current MPs of South Africa}}
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 '''Fawziya Abikar Nur''' (Somali: ) bụ Minista Federal nke [[Somalia]] maka ahụike na nlekọta ọha na eze kemgbe Machị 2017. A zụrụ ya n'iwu na ahụike ọha na eze ma rụọ ọrụ na World Health Organization. Ọ nọ n'ọkwa ahụ n'oge ntiwapụ nke ọrịa COVID-19 na Somalia na mbata nke ọgwụ mgbochi mbụ.

== Ndụ ==
Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ iwu na Mahadum Mba Somalia ma na Febụwarị 1985 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ. Ọ gara Ịtali ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ afọ abụọ na iwu ọha na eze na Mahadum Bologna . Ọ nọrọ n'Ịtali wee gaa n'ihu na Istituto Superiore di Sanità na Rom ebe ọ nwetara nzere masta na Health Services Management tupu ọ gụchaa nzere doctorate na Mahadum Sapienza nke Rome na ahụike ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;speak2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=5 November 2019|title=The Global Forum 2020: speaker biographies|url=https://stoppneumonia.org/the-global-forum-2020-speaker-biographies/|accessdate=25 April 2021|work=Stop Pneumonia / Every Breath Counts|language=en-US|archivedate=24 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324034018/https://stoppneumonia.org/the-global-forum-2020-speaker-biographies/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Mahadum Mba Somalia dị ka onye nkuzi na-enyere ya aka ma mesịa na mmemme ọzụzụ iji belata ịda ogbenye na Sapienza na Istituto Superiore di Sanità . Site na 2012 ruo 2016, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka World Health Organization na Somalia.&lt;ref name=&quot;speak2020&quot;/&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2017, ọ ghọrọ Minista Federal nke Somalia maka ahụike na nlekọta ọha na eze wee sonye na kọmitii ọhụrụ nke Praịm Minista Hassan Ali Khaire.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=PM Khaire announces 27 member cabinet|url=http://www.hiiraan.com/news4/2017/mar/141153/pm_khaire_announces_27_member_cabinet.aspx|accessdate=25 April 2021|work=www.hiiraan.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ngalaba ahụike dị na Mogadishu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CONTACT US|url=https://moh.gov.so/new/contact-us/|accessdate=25 April 2021|work=Ministry of Health Federal Republic of Somalia|language=en-US|archivedate=25 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210425160756/https://moh.gov.so/new/contact-us/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2018 o kwuru banyere ihe ịga nke ọma mba ya nwere n'ịlụso ọgbụgbọ na polio ọgụ.

N'ọnwa Eprel 2020, e dekọrọ ọnwụ mbụ nke ọrịa COVID-19 na Somalia. Nur kwupụtara ọnwụ nke onye mbụ e gburu bụ nwoke dị afọ 58. Onye nke abụọ e gburu bụ Khalif Mumin Tohow onye bụ Minista Ikpe Ziri Ezi maka steeti Somalia nke Hirshabelle.&lt;ref name=&quot;state&quot; /&gt; Ọ ka si nleta ọ gara [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] lọta.&lt;ref name=&quot;state&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somali state minister dies from coronavirus|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/4/12/somali-state-minister-dies-from-coronavirus|accessdate=25 April 2021|work=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19 bụ 576. N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel 2021, minista ahụ natara ọgwụ mgbochi [[Nje Korona|coronavirus]] mbụ site na China.&lt;ref name=&quot;vaccine&quot; /&gt; Onye nnọchi anya China bụ Qin Jian nyere ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa Sinopharm BIBP 200,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;vaccine&quot; /&gt; Ụbọchị iri ka e mesịrị, Somalia natara ọgwụ mgbochi ọrịa Oxford-AstraZeneca 300,000 site na atụmatụ COVAX; Nur kwuru na a ga-eziga ọgwụ mgbochi ahụ na mpaghara ọ bụla nke Somalia ma nye ndị ọrụ ahụike ihe mbụ n'oge mmemme ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi.&lt;ref name=&quot;vaccine&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;vaccine&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Somalia receives China-donated Sinopharm vaccines|url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-04/12/c_139873472.htm|accessdate=25 April 2021|work=www.xinhuanet.com|archivedate=20 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020162519/http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2021-04/12/c_139873472.htm}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel, ọ kwupụtakwara na Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa ga-eduga n'imeziwanye na nlekọta ahụike uche. Ọrụ a na-elekwasị anya na ndị Somalia na-eto eto ndị esemokwu metụtara. Enwere obere ndokwa maka ahụike uche na mba ebe ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị bi na ya erubeghị afọ iri atọ ma ọtụtụ na-ebi na ime ihe ike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=AfricaNews|date=21 April 2021|title=Somalia implements ground-breaking project aimed at improving psychosocial support and mental health care for young people affected by conflict through a socially-inclusive integrated approach for peace-building|url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/21/somalia-implements-ground-breaking-project-aimed-at-improving-psychosocial-support-and-mental-health-care-for-young-people-affected-by-conflict-through-a-socially-inclusive-integrated-approach-for-peace-building/|accessdate=29 April 2021|work=Africanews|language=en|archivedate=29 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429075535/https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/21/somalia-implements-ground-breaking-project-aimed-at-improving-psychosocial-support-and-mental-health-care-for-young-people-affected-by-conflict-through-a-socially-inclusive-integrated-approach-for-peace-building/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Moleboheng Modise</title>
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{{Databox}}Moleboheng Modise bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke jere ozi dị ka onye otu National Assembly kemgbe Mee na afọ 2019. Ọ bụ onye otu African National Congress .

== Ọrụ omeiwu ==
N'ọnwa Mee, na  afọ 2019, a họpụtara Modise ka ọ bụrụ onye otu African National Congress.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mtshali|first=Samkelo|title=Younger ANC MPs 'will ensure ANCYL has a voice in the corridors of power'|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/younger-anc-mps-will-ensure-ancyl-has-a-voice-in-the-corridors-of-power-24010749|accessdate=28 September 2020|work=IOL|date=25 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SEE: These are the people who will represent you in Parliament, provincial legislatures|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/elections/news/see-these-are-the-people-who-will-represent-you-in-parliament-provincial-legislatures-20190515|accessdate=28 September 2020|work=News24|date=15 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara ọrụ kọmitii ya na 27 Juun, na afọ 2019.

=== Ọrụ kọmitii ===

* Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe&lt;ref name=&quot;Parl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ms Moleboheng Modise|url=https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/229|work=Parliament of South Africa|accessdate=28 September 2020|archivedate=22 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122195111/https://www.parliament.gov.za/person-details/229}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kọmitii na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ndị agha&lt;ref name=&quot;Parl&quot; /&gt;

== Ebenside ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Moleboheng Modise at People's Assembly
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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{{Databox}}

'''Abianshị''' ({{IPA|/àbíáṋɕị̀/}};{{audio|ABIANSHI DANCE.ogg|}})                          &lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ABIANSHI_DANCE.ogg&lt;/ref&gt; bụ egwu ndi obodo a na-akpo Eke. Ọ bụ egwu éjị echeta aṅụrị maka mmeri e meriri n’agha. O bidoro site n' akụkọ otu nwoke hapụrụ ụmụnwanne ya maka ọ bụ nwa etiti wee jee ịchọọ ego, ebe ezumuike, na ebe ọ ga- anọ mụọ ụmụ wee zụokwa ha. Ebe  ahụ ọ gara, ndị bụ ndị gbara okirikiri wee fụ na ọ kọọ ugbo, na ihe ndị ọzọ na ọ na-emeta. Ha wee chọọ ịchụpụ ya.
Mana o wee jee n’ obodo ọzọ wee kpọta dibia. Aha obodo ọ jee ị kpọta dibie bụ Igala. Dibia wee bịa, wee bulu ma ngwa egwú, bulu ịgba, bulu ekwe wee bịa.

Mgbe dibia a bịara, o wee kpota ụfọdụ ụmụ ikorobia na-a ka nye ha ọgwụ n’ahụ, agwọlụ ha ọgwụ. O siri ụfọdụ kụwala égwu ka ya nwee ike na-emekwa ọgwụ ya. Mgbe ọ na-akwado ọgwụ a, o wee si ha, kwe ya nkwa, si ọgwụ ya ree ire,  na ha ga na-eme egwu a n’afo n’afo. Ya mere ha ji wee, wee kwado ọgụ, wee jewe agha a, wee nwete mmeri. Mmeri a wee buruzie ihe ha ji wee welu ngwa egwú na-eme emume ncheta mgbe ha meriri n’ agha.
Ihe kpatara eji wee kpọọ egwu a Abianshị bụ maka ịgba onye dibia ahụ si igala bu wee bịa. Nshi n’ asụsụ be anyị bụ ọgwụ onye dibia merụ ha eji merie n’ agha.
Ọ bụ egwu a na-eme n’ ọkara awa. Mgbe gboo, ụmụagbọghọ na-awa ọgọdọ, yiri jigida, gbaa akwa n’ obi, wee na-agba ya bụ egwu. Mana kitaa, dika obodo si emepe, a na-eyi ihe ọbụna mana iji gwa gị na ọ ihe omenani, ịga egbo akwà n’ ukwu, ma ị bụ nwoke ma ị bụ nwanyị. Ihe eji akụ egwu a bụ abia, ekwe, kpọmkpọ, na ọsụ.&lt;ref&gt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Audiovisuals_of_Igbo_Dances_(AID)_Project&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngwa Egwu Abianshị ==
&lt;gallery&gt;
Usòrò:Wooden gong.jpg|Ekwe

&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Vidio ==
[[Usòrò:ABIANSHỊ DANCE.webm|áká_èkpè|thumb|Egwu Abianshi]]

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;


[[Òtù:Egwu ndị Igbo]]
[[Òtù:Egwu]]</text>
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    <title>EGWU Abigbo Mbaise</title>
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      <text bytes="1501" sha1="ajvre60aliv3y3jgew13s2sez3egxg4" xml:space="preserve">'''Abigbo''' ({{Audio|ABIGBO DANCE.ogg|listen}}) &lt;ref&gt;https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ABIGBO_DANCE.ogg&lt;/ref&gt; bụ egwu eji mara ndị ụmụaju Mpam Ekwerazụ Ahịazụ  Mbaise, n'Imo steeti. O bidoro n'aka ndi okei mbụ ruo ugbu a. A na eji ya eme mmemme di iche iche na mbaise na Imo steeti. A buru kwele egwu a ga mmemme n' obodo ndi ozo di na Amerika, Africa na ebe ndị Igbo bi. A na eji ya emekwe Easter n' oge igba ọnya ego. Ọ bụ egwu nwoke ma ndị nwanyị na-agba.

Akwa egwu a na-eji bụ nke a na-akpọ omere ekpe, ya bụ nke na adụ sote ya ni na enye ndị na-agba egwú ahụ ntụziaka. A na-eji nke a na-akpọ &quot;ekelebe&quot; na Ogele. Ogele ahụ na-eme egwu ndi nke nọ n’okpuru na-adapụta. E nwekwere ọkwa, nke na-eme egwu owulaghi ana akụ, yila a maachị, yị la adaba n’ ihe. E nwere nke a na-akpọ ọsha ma ọwụ ụyara. Nke ehi na-eme ahụ mmadụ na-eshaki. E nwere nke a na-akpọ ataña.

A na-arụpụta ngwa égwu ndị a n’ ala igbo. O nwere ndị ejiri osisi rụọ, nwee ndi eji igwe rụọ, nwee ndi ejiri akpụkpa anụ kwee.
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AT%E1%BB%8AL%E1%BB%8CGW%E1%BB%A4_DANCE.webm|title=Audiovisual Igbo Dance|author=A.I.D project|date=2023-2-4|accessdate=2023-03-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

==Ngwa Egwu Abigbo Mbaise==

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Ogele.jpg|ogele
File:Oyara.jpg|Oyara
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Vidio==
[[Usòrò:ABIGBO MBAISE DANCE.webm|thumb|áká_èkpè|alt=ABIGBO MBAISE DANCE]]


==Ebensidee==</text>
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    <title>Nkwupụta United Nations Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo</title>
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      <text bytes="20802" sha1="aa8l62t9pu0r0fy0yjo69borpl73s5q" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox UN resolution|number=L.30|organ=[[Third Committee|GA Third Committee]]|date=19 November|year=2018|meeting=53rd meeting|code=A/C.3/73/L.30|document=https://www.undocs.org/A/C.3/73/L.30|for=119|abstention=49|against=7|absent=|subject={{nowrap|Human rights}}|result=Adopted|image=|caption=}}
{{Infobox UN resolution|number=HRC/39/12|organ=Human Rights Council|date=28 September|year=2018|meeting=40th meeting|code=A/HRC/RES/39/12|document=https://undocs.org/A/HRC/RES/39/12|for=33|abstention=11|against=3|absent=|subject={{nowrap|Human rights}}|result=Adopted|image=|caption=}}
Nkwupụta na ikike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo ('''UNDROP'''; aha zuru ezu: '''Nkwupụta''' Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ikike nke ndị ọrụ ala na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ime obodo) bụ mkpebi UNGA banyere ikike mmadụ na &quot;mghọta zuru ụwa ọnụ&quot;, nke United Nations nabatara na 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=UN News|title=Bachelet da la bienvenida a la nueva declaración de la ONU para proteger a los campesinos|url=https://news.un.org/es/story/2018/12/1448261|accessdate=6 May 2020|publisher=United Nations|date=18 December 2018|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mkpebi ahụ sitere na votu nke 121-8, na ndị otu 54 na-ezere. A kọwaala nkwupụta ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nkwado nke mmegharị ọchịchị mkpụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wise|first=Timothy|date=2019-01-18|title=The United Nations backs seed sovereignty in landmark small-scale farmers’ rights declaration {{!}} Greenbiz|url=https://www.greenbiz.com/article/united-nations-backs-seed-sovereignty-landmark-small-scale-farmers-rights-declaration|accessdate=2023-04-02|work=GreenBiz|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga ===
N'afọ 2008, Via Campesina malitere '''''nkwupụta nke ikike nke'''''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Declaration of Rights of Peasants ‐ Women and Men. ''Peasants of the World need an International Convention on the Rights of Peasants''|url=https://viacampesina.org/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2011/03/Declaration-of-rights-of-peasants-2009.pdf|accessdate=5 May 2020|work=Via Campesina|date=2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke ndị ọrụ ugbo nke, site na nkwado nke òtù ndị ọzọ, gosipụtara ya na United Nations' Human Rights Council.

E jiri ederede ahụ mee ihe dị ka ihe ndabere site na 2009 ruo 2018 iji kwurịta ederede nke nkwupụta UNDROP ikpeazụ. Ndị otu ọha na eze dị ka La Via Campesina, [[Food First Information and Action Network|FIAN International]], ma ọ bụ Europe-Third World Centre (CETIM) kwadoro mkparịta ụka ahụ, kamakwa ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka otu ndị ọrụ ugbo nke Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, na ọtụtụ UN Special Rapporteurs.&lt;ref&gt;[[Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights]]: [https://web.archive.org/web/20200505214131/https://www.geneva-academy.ch/research/our-project/detail/13-the-rights-of-peasants Project: The Rights of Peasants (Started in May 2008)], 2008–2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ikike ndị ọrụ ugbo ===
Echiche nke ikike ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ewuli elu karịa ikike ndị ọrụ ugbo a ghọtara, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, na Nkwekọrịta Osisi nke FAO nakwa na Nkwekọrịta nke Diversity Biological.

=== Mkparịta ụka nke ederede ===

==== Tupu mkparịta ụka amalite ====

==== Mmalite ====
Mkparịta ụka a, nke Bolivia duziri na mbụ, bụ ndị UN Human Rights Council malitere ma n'ikpeazụ Mgbakọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nakweere.&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200505214131/https://www.geneva-academy.ch/research/our-project/detail/13-the-rights-of-peasants See ][[Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights]]&lt;span&gt;'s page on the UNDROP negotiation project&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ ====
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2018, e nyere ndị United Nations Human Rights Council, nke [[Algeria]], [[Bolivia]], Cuba, [[Ecuador]], El Salvador, Egypt, Haiti, [[Kenya]], Nicaragua, [[Paraguay]], Philippines, South Africa, [[Togo]], [[Venezuela]] na steeti Palestine kwadoro.

A nabatara ya na vootu ịrị atọ na atọ na-akwado ya, ebe ịrị na otu na-anọghị ([[Belgium]], Brazil, [[Kroatia|Croatia]], Germany, [[Iceland]], Japan, Republic of Korea, Slovakia, [[Slovakia|Slovenia]] na Spain) na vootu atọ nke na-emegide (Australia, [[Hungary]] na United Kingdom) dị ka HRC Resolution 39/12&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Press release|title=UN Human Rights Council passes a resolution adopting the peasant rights declaration in Geneva|url=https://viacampesina.org/en/un-human-rights-council-passes-a-resolution-adopting-the-peasant-rights-declaration-in-geneva/#_ftn1|work=viacampesina.org|publisher=La Via Campesina|accessdate=6 May 2020|date=28 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Kọmitii nke Atọ nke Nzukọ Ezumezu ====
N'abalị iri abụọ na anọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba, Kọmitii nke Atọ nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN mere otu ọrụ gọọmentị na-emeghe iji kwurịta atụmatụ UNDROP, ebe ndị nnọchi anya [[Bolivia]], Indonesia, European Union, Cuba na South Africa kwuru okwu. Nkwupụta mkpebi ahụ (A/C.3/73/L.30) gosipụtara na Kọmitii nke Atọ nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke UN na 8 Nọvemba site n'aka onye nnọchi anya [[Bolivia]] na onye nkwado si Cuba, [[Ecuador]], El Salvador, Mongolia, Nicaragua, [[Paraguay]], [[Portugal]], South Africa na [[Venezuela]].&lt;ref&gt;[https://undocs.org/A/73/589/Add.2 Promotion and protection of human rights: human rights questions, including alternative approaches for improving the effective enjoyment of human rights and fundamental freedoms] (Report of the Third Committee) A/73/589/Add.2&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na itoolu n'ọnwa Nọvemba, akwụkwọ ahụ nwetara nkwado site na [[Benin]], [[Central African Republic]], [[Chad]], Dominican Republic, Egypt, [[Eritrea]], [[Guinea]], Indonesia, Iran, [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kenya]], [[Liberia]], [[Mali]], Niger, [[Niger|Nigeria]], Pakistan, Saint Kitts na Nevis, Saint Vincent na Grenadines, [[Sierra Leone]], [[Somalia]], [[South Sudan]], [[Uganda]], [[Tanzania|United Republic of Tanzania]], [[Zambia]] na [[Zimbabwe]]. E mechara nyefee ya maka ịtụ vootu, nke nsonaazụ ya dị mma: na vootu 119 na-akwado, vootu 7 megide (Australia, [[Hungary]], Israel, New Zealand, Sweden, United Kingdom, United States of America) na ndị na-anọghị na ya&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=UNITED NATIONS: Third Committee approves the UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas|url=https://viacampesina.org/en/united-nations-third-committee-approves-the-un-declaration-on-the-rights-of-peasants-and-other-people-working-in-rural-areas/|accessdate=5 May 2020|work=Via Campesina|date=20 November 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.un.org/en/ga/third/73/docs/voting_sheets/L.30.pdf UNGA Third Committee voting record on A/C.3/73/L.30]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nzukọ Ezumezu nke 73rd Plenary Session ====
Na nzukọ nke iri ise na ise ya na iri na asaa n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2018, nnọkọ nke iri asaa na atọ nke Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nabatara mkpebi 73/165, nke nwere UNDROP dị ka ihe mgbakwunye, nke mmeghe ya na-agụ:&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=A. Wise|first=Timothy|title=UN Backs Seed Sovereignty in Landmark Peasants' Rights Declaration|url=https://www.resilience.org/stories/2019-01-24/un-backs-seed-sovereignty-in-landmark-peasants-rights-declaration/|accessdate=5 May 2020|work=Resilience|date=24 January 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=OHCHR|title=UN Human Rights Chief welcomes adoption of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants|url=https://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?NewsID=24026&amp;LangID=E|accessdate=5 May 2020|date=18 December 2018|authorlink=OHCHR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;''Nzukọ Ezumezu,''
''Na-anabata nnabata nke Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ, na mkpebi ya 39/12 nke 28 Septemba 2018,1 nke nkwupụta United Nations na ikike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ime obodo.''

# ''Na-anabata nkwupụta United Nations banyere ikike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ime obodo, dịka ọ dị na mgbakwunye na mkpebi a;''
# ''Ọ na-akpọ Gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ na òtù nke usoro United Nations na ndị otu gọọmentị na ndị na-abụghị gọọmentị ka ha gbasaa nkwupụta ahụ ma kwalite nkwanye ùgwù na nghọta ya zuru ụwa ọnụ.''
# ''Ọ rịọrọ odeakwụkwọ ukwu ka ọ tinye ederede nke nkwupụta ahụ na mbipụta ọzọ nke Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments.''
&lt;/blockquote&gt;Tupu nkwekọrịta na nnabata, onye nnọchiteanya nke Switzerland (otu n'ime mba ole na ole na-abụghị ndị na-emepe emepe nke na-eme ntuli aka nke ọma) kwupụtara banyere UNDROP na ọ &quot;na-achọ ichikota ikike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo n'otu akwụkwọ iji mee ka mmata mara banyere ọnọdụ ha.  bụ mgbama ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị oke mkpa. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=General Assembly official records, 73rd session: 55th plenary meeting, Monday, 17 December 2018, New York|url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/3795602?ln=en|work=United Nations Digital Library|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=6 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Mba ndị kwadoro ka a nabata ederede a gụnyere''' [[Afghanistan]], [[Algeria]], Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, [[Barbados]], Belarus, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, [[Botswana]], Brunei, Burundi, Cape Verde, Cambodia, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, Comoros, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]], Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, East Timor, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, [[Eritrea]], Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Grenada, [[Guinea]], Guinea-Bissau, [[Guyana]], Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory Coast, [[Jamaikạ|Jamaica]], Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Lebanon, Liberia, Libya, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Papua New Guinea, [[Peru]], Philippines, Portugal, Qatar, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, [[South Sudan]], Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, [[Switzerland]], Syria, Tajikistan, Thailand, Togo, [[Trinidad and Tobago]], [[Tunisia]], Uganda, [[United Arab Emirates]], Tanzania, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, [[Zambia]] nakwa [[Zimbabwe]].

N'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama, Australia, Guatemala, Hungary, Israel, New Zealand, Sweden, United Kingdom na United States '''vootu megide nkwupụta ahụ'''.

'''Mba ndị gupuru onwe ha gụnyere ndị a:''' Albania, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia na Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]], Canada, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Honduras, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Kiribati, Latvia, [[Lesotho]], Lithuania, [[Liechtenstein]], Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Palau, Poland, South Korea, Romania, Romania, Russia, Samoa, San Marino, Singapore, Singapore, Slovakia, Ukraine, Ukraine, Vanuatu, Vanu, Vanu, Turkey.

== Ihe ndị dị n'ime ya ==
 
{| class=&quot;sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist
----&quot;
! class=&quot;sidebar-title&quot; |[[Rights]]
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-image&quot; |[[File:HumanRightsLogo.svg|78x78px]]
|-
! class=&quot;sidebar-heading&quot; |
Theoretical distinctions
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* [[Claim rights and liberty rights]]
* [[Individual and group rights]]
* [[Natural rights and legal rights]]
* [[Negative and positive rights]]

&lt;/div&gt;
----
|-
! class=&quot;sidebar-heading&quot; |
[[Human rights]]
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlist&quot;&gt;
* [[Civil and political rights|Civil and political]]
* [[Economic, social and cultural rights|Economic, social and cultural]]
* [[Three generations of human rights|Three generations]]

&lt;/div&gt;
----
|-
! class=&quot;sidebar-heading&quot; |
Rights by beneficiary
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* [[Rights of the accused|Accused]]
* [[Animal rights|Animals]]
* [[Children's rights|Children]]
* [[Consumer protection|Consumers]]
* [[Creditors' rights|Creditors]]
* [[Deaf rights movement|Deaf]]
* [[Disability rights movement|Disabled]]
* [[Elder rights|Elders]]
* [[Fetal rights|Fetuses]]
* [[International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture#Farmers' rights|Farmers]]
* [[Human rights|Humans]]
* [[Indigenous rights|Natives]]
* [[Intersex human rights|Intersex]]
* [[Divine right of kings|Kings]]
* [[LGBT rights by country or territory|LGBT]] ([[Transgender rights|Transgender]])
* [[Men's movement|Men]]
* [[Minority rights|Minorities]]
* [[Parents' rights movement|Parents]] ([[Mothers' rights|Mothers]], [[Fathers' rights movement|Fathers]])
* [[Patients' rights|Patients]]
* [[United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants|Peasants]]
* [[Plant rights|Plants]]
* [[Prisoners' rights|Prisoners]]
* [[Ethics of artificial intelligence#Robot rights|Robots]]
* [[States' rights|States]]
* [[Student rights in higher education|Students]]
* [[Victims' rights|Victims]]
* [[Women's rights|Women]]
* [[Labor rights|Workers]]
* [[Youth rights|Youth]]
&lt;/div&gt;
----
|-
! class=&quot;sidebar-heading&quot; |
Other groups of rights
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-content&quot; |
&lt;div class=&quot;hlist&quot;&gt;
* [[Freedom of assembly|Assembly]]
* [[Freedom of association|Association]]
* [[Right of asylum|Asylum]]
* [[Civil liberties]]
* [[Digital rights|Digital]]
* [[Right to education|Education]]
* [[Right to a fair trial|Fair trial]]
* [[Right to food|Food]]
* [[Free migration]]
* [[Right to health|Health]]
* [[Right to housing|Housing]]
* [[Linguistic rights|Linguistic]]
* [[Freedom of movement|Movement]]
* [[Right to property|Property]]
* [[Reproductive rights|Reproductive]]
* [[Right to rest and leisure|Rest and leisure]]
* [[Right of self-defense|Self defense]]
* [[Self-determination|Self-determination of people]]
* [[Freedom of speech|Speech]]
* [[Right to sexuality|Sexuality]]
* [[Human right to water and sanitation|Water and sanitation]]
&lt;/div&gt;
----
|-
| class=&quot;sidebar-navbar&quot; |&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Navbar/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;
|}
 

=== Okwu Mmalite ===
Okwu mbido ahụ na-echeta usoro ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, ọkachasị:

* the Charter of the United Nations,
* the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,
* the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination,
* the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,
* the Covenant on Civil and Political Rights,
* the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,
* the Convention on the Rights of the Child,
* the International Convention on the Rights of Migrants,
* relevant conventions of the International Labour Organization,
* the Declaration on the Right to Development,
* the [[Nkwupụta Banyere Ihe Ndị Ruuru Ụmụ Amaala|Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples]],

Ọ na-ekwuputakwa 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, yana iwu mba ụwa dị mkpa, dị ka:

* Nkwekọrịta ihe ọkụkụ (ITPGRFA),
* Nkwekọrịta Banyere Biological Diversity
* na [[Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Use|Nagoya Protocol]] ya na Access to Genetic Resources na Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Na-esite na Ojiji ha.
* Ntuziaka afọ ofufo nke FAO na Nchịkwa Na-ahụ Maka Nchịkwa nke Ala, Azụmaahịa na Ọhịa n'ihe gbasara Nchebe Nri Mba.
* Ntuziaka afọ ofufo nke FAO maka ịchekwa obere azụ na-adịgide adịgide n'ihe gbasara nchekwa nri na mkpochapụ ịda ogbenye
* Ntuziaka afọ ofufo nke FAO iji kwado mmezu na-aga n'ihu nke ikike inweta nri zuru oke n'ihe gbasara nchekwa nri mba.

=== Nkeji edemede 1, 2, 27 na 28: ndokwa n'ozuzu ===
Nkeji edemede nke mbụ na-akọwa echiche ndị bụ isi, Nkeji edemede nke abụọ wee ruo na nke iri abụọ na asatọ na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ mba n'ozuzu ya, na Nkeji edemede nke ịrị abụọ na asaa  depụtara ọrụ nke usoro United Nations na òtù ndị ọzọ na-emekọ ọchịchị.

=== Nkeji edemede 3: Ịha nhata ===
Nkeji edemede nke nke atọ na-ewebata echiche nke ịha nhata na enweghị ịkpa ókè n'etiti ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ime obodo.

=== Nkeji edemede 4: ụmụ nwanyị ===
Nkeji edemede nke anọ na-echeta ọrụ dị mkpa ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ n'ime ime obodo, ma na-akpọ maka ịkpa ókè ọ bụla megide ụmụ nwanyị, nguzozi nwoke na nwanyị, na itinye aka na itinye aka ụmụ nwanyị na ọkwa niile.

=== Nkeji edemede 5 na 18: ikike okike ===
Nkeji edemede nke ise na-elekwasị anya na ikike ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere ịnweta ihe onwunwe okike, gụnyere ihe onwunwa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ịnụ ụtọ ụzọ maka mmepe, yana ọkachasị mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. Nkeji edemede nke ịrị na asatọ na-akwado ya site n'inye ikike pụrụ iche maka gburugburu ebe dị ọcha, dị nchebe, na nke dị mma maka ndị niile na-arụ ọrụ ma na-ebi n'ime ime obodo.

=== Nkeji edemede 6, 7, 8 na 9: nnwere onwe na ikike obodo na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ===
Akụkụ a nke nkwupụta ahụ na-ekwu maka ikike ndụ, nchekwa nke ndị mmadụ kamakwa nnwere onwe nke ịgagharị, nnwere onwe echiche, echiche na nkwupụta, yana nnwere onwe mkpakọrịta

=== Nkeji edemede 10, 11 na 12: ikpe ziri ezi ===
Nkeji edemede 10, 11 na 12 na-elekwasị anya na ikike itinye aka, ikike ozi, na ikike ikpe ziri ezi, gụnyere ịnweta ikpe ziri ezi.

=== Nkeji edemede 13, 14 na 16: ikike ọrụ ===
Isiokwu abụọ a na-ekwu maka ikike ịrụ ọrụ na [[ikike ịrụ ọrụ]] n'ọnọdụ dị nchebe na nke dị mma, na ọnọdụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Nkeji edemede 16 na-akwado, ma na-elekwasị anya na ikike inweta ezigbo ego, na ikike ịhọrọ na ịnọgide na-enwe ihe onwunwe, na ụzọ mmepụta ahọrọ.

=== Nkeji edemede 15: ikike nri ===
Nkeji edemede 15 na-enyocha otu n'ime isi arịrịọ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ: [[Ikike inwe nri|ikike nri]], nchekwa nri na ọbụbụeze nri.

=== Nkeji edemede 17: ikike inwe ala ===

=== Nkeji edemede 19: ikike inwe mkpụrụ ===

=== Nkeji edemede 20: ikike maka ụdị dị iche iche ===

=== Nkeji edemede 21: ikike inwe mmiri na usoro mmiri dị ọcha ===

=== Nkeji edemede 22 na 23: ikike ahụike na nchekwa ọha na eze ===
Isiokwu a na-ekwuputasi ike gbasara [[Right to health|ikike]] onye ọ bụla nwere ịnụ ụtọ ụkpụrụ kachasị elu nke ahụike anụ ahụ na nke uche (''ikike'' ahụike), ma gụnye ihe ụfọdụ dịka ntụle maka ọgwụ ọdịnala.

=== Nkeji edemede 24: ikike ụlọ ===

=== Nkeji edemede 25: ikike agụmakwụkwọ ===

=== Nkeji edemede 26: ikike ọdịnala, ihe ọmụma ọdịnala na ngosipụta ọdịnala ọdịnala ===
Isiokwu a na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọkachasị ihe ọmụma ọdịnala na ihe nketa ọdịnala na omenala.

== Hụkwa ==

=== Njikọ dị n'ime ===

* Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ
* Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu
* Ikike nke ụmụ amaala
* [[Ikike inwe nri|Ikike inweta nri]]
* Nkwekọrịta Plant nke FAO (ITPGRFA)
* Mgbanwe nke ndị ọrụ ugbo
* Site na Campesina
* Afọ Iri nke Ọrụ Ugbo Ezinụlọ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* '''[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/1650694 Nkwupụta Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu banyere]''' Ikike nke Ndị Ọrụ Ugbo na Ndị Ọzọ Na-arụ Ọrụ n'Ime Obodo dị ka Nzukọ Ezumezu nabatara, 17 Disemba 2019 na Mkpebi 73/165.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200423101441/https://viacampesina.org/en/peasants-rights-explained-an-illustrated-version-of-the-un-declaration-undrop/ Ihe osise] nke Via Campesina bipụtara
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20200603125733/https://viacampesina.org/en/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2011/03/Declaration-of-rights-of-peasants-2009.pdf Nkwupụta nke ikike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo ‐ Ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke. ''Ndị ọrụ ugbo nke ụwa chọrọ nkwekọrịta mba ụwa maka ikike nke ndị ọrụ ugbo''], atụmatụ mbụ nke Via Campesina mere

=== Ihe edeturu na Edensibia ===
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>aa8l62t9pu0r0fy0yjo69borpl73s5q</sha1>
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    <title>Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Goodymaraj</username>
        <id>21567</id>
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      <text bytes="27378" sha1="fwxspkubta9z2vey6sj7z0z73pcg7wf" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Growth,_Development_and_Environmental_Economics_in_Asia_(17241141112).jpg|thumb|Nkwurịta okwu banyere uto, mmepe na akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi na Eshia na Chatham House, London.]]
Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ngalaba nke akụ na ụba nke metụtara nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ bụrụla isiokwu a na-amụ nke ọma n'ihi nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto na narị afọ nke iri abụọ na otu. Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi &quot;na-eme nyocha nke usoro ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ nke siri ike banyere mmetụta akụ na ụba nke atumatu gburugburu ebe obibi nke mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara gburugburu ụwa .... Okwu ndị pụrụ iche gụnyere ụgwọ na uru nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ọzọ iji na-ahụ maka [[mmetọ ikuku]], àgwà mmiri, ihe ndị na-egbu egbu, ihe mkpofu siri ike. , na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ.&quot;

Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe dị iche na akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi na-emesi akụ na ụba ike dị ka usoro nke gburugburu ebe obibi na-elekwasị anya n'ichekwa isi obodo. Otu nnyocha e mere ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere akụ̀ na ụba Germany chọpụtara na akụ̀ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche nke echiche akụ̀ na ụba, na ndị ọkachamara n'ihe banyere akụ̀ na ụba na-emesi ike ịdịgide &quot;ike&quot; ma na-ajụ echiche na isi obodo mmadụ mere (&quot;anụ ahụ&quot;) nwere ike dochie anya isi obodo.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Achọpụtala ngalaba akụ na ụba ọgbara ọhụrụ nke akụ na ụba gburugburu na 1960 site na ntinye aka dị ukwuu sitere n'aka onye akụ na ụba Post-Keynesian Paul Davidson, onye ka rụchara ọrụ njikwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ Continental.

=== Ọdịda ahịa ===
[[Usòrò:Pollution_de_l'air.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|270x270px|Mmetọ ikuku bụ ihe atụ nke ọdịda ahịa, ebe ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-etinye ego na mpaghara ahụ.]]
Central na gburugburu ebe obibi akụ na ụba bụ echiche nke ọdịda ahịa. Ọdịda ahịa pụtara na ahịa anaghị ekenye akụrụngwa nke ọma. Dị ka Hanley, Shogren, and White (2007) si kwuo: &quot;Ọdịda ahịa na-eme mgbe ahịa anaghị ekenye ihe onwunwe dị ụkọ iji mee ka ọdịmma ọha mmadụ kacha mma. A wedge dị n'etiti ihe onye onwe ya nyere ọnụ ahịa ahịa na ihe ọha mmadụ nwere ike ịchọ. Ọ ga-eme iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi. Ntụnye dị otú ahụ na-egosi ịla n'iyi ma ọ bụ enweghị ike akụ na ụba; enwere ike ịmepụta ihe onwunwe iji mee ka ọ dịkarịa ala otu onye ka mma n'emeghị ka onye ọ bụla ka njọ.&quot; Nke a na-ebute ahịa na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke kwesịrị ka edozi ya site n'ụzọ dịka ntinye aka gọọmentị. Ụdị ọdịda ahịa na-emekarị gụnyere mpụga, enweghị ike ịpụ na enweghị asọmpi.

=== Ihe ndị dị n'èzí ===
Mpụga dị mgbe mmadụ na-eme nhọrọ nke na-emetụta ndị ọzọ n'ụzọ na-adịghị agụta na ọnụahịa ahịa. Mpụpụ nwere ike ịbụ ihe dị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma mana ọ na-ejikọta ya na mpụga ọjọọ na akụnụba gburugburu ebe obibi. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmiri na-agbapụta n'ime ụlọ obibi na-eme n'ala ụlọ elu na-emetụta ala ala. Ihe atụ ọzọ gbasara otú ire osisi Amazon si eleda ọnụ ọgụgụ carbon dioxide a na-ewepụta na igbutu ya anya. [Kamma isi isi chọrọ] Ma ọ bụ, mmetọ na-ekupụ nke ọma agaghị eburu n'uche ụgwọ ndị mmetọ ya na-amanye ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ya, mmetọ nwere ike ime karịa ọkwa 'mmadụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma', nke bụ ọkwa nke ga-adị ma ọ bụrụ na ahịa chọrọ ka ọ kwụọ ụgwọ maka mmetọ ahụ. Nkọwa kpochapụwo nke Kenneth Arrow na James Meade na-emetụta bụ Heller na Starrett (1976), bụ ndị na-akọwapụta mpụga dị ka &quot;ọnọdụ nke akụ na ụba nke onwe na-enweghị ihe mkpali zuru oke iji mepụta ahịa nwere ike na ụfọdụ mma na adịghị adị nke ahịa a. na-ebute mfu nke arụmọrụ Pareto&quot;. N'okwu akụ na ụba, mpụga bụ ihe atụ nke ọdịda ahịa, nke ahịa na-enweghị njedebe na-adịghị eduga na nsonaazụ dị mma.

=== Ngwaahịa nkịtị na ngwa ọha ===
Mgbe ọ dị oke ọnụ iji wepụ ụfọdụ ndị na ịnweta akụ gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-akpọ akụ ahụ ihe onwunwe nkịtị (mgbe enwere asọmpi maka akụ ahụ, nke na otu onye na-eji ihe onwunwe eme ihe na-ebelata ohere ndị ọzọ iji ihe onwunwe ahụ mee ihe. ) ma ọ bụ uru ọha na eze (mgbe iji ihe onwunwe na-abụghị nke asọmpi). N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla nke enweghị mwepu, oke ahịa nwere ike ọ gaghị adị irè.

Achọpụtala ihe ịma aka ndị a ogologo oge. Echiche Hardin (1968) banyere ọdachi nke ndị nkịtị mere ka ihe ịma aka ndị dị na enweghị mwepu na ihe onwunwe nkịtị gbasaa. &quot;Commons&quot; na-ezo aka na gburugburu ebe obibi akụ n'onwe ya, &quot;nkịtị onwunwe akụ&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;nkịtị ọdọ mmiri akụ&quot; na-ezo aka a onwunwe ikike ọchịchị na-enye ohere maka ụfọdụ mkpokọta ozu chepụta atụmatụ ewepu ndị ọzọ, si otú ikwe ijide n'ọdịnihu uru iyi; na &quot;oghere-oghere&quot; na-egosi enweghị nwe n'echiche na ihe onwunwe onye ọ bụla nwere ọ dịghị onye nwere.

Nsogbu bụ isi bụ na ọ bụrụ na ndị mmadụ na-eleghara uru ụkọ nke ndị nkịtị anya, ha nwere ike ịkwụsị itinye mgbalị dị ukwuu, na-ewe ihe ubi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịkụ azụ). Hardin na-ekwu na n'enweghị ihe mgbochi, ndị na-eji ohere ịnweta ohere ga-eji ya karịa ma ọ bụrụ na ha ga-akwụ ụgwọ ya ma nwee ikike pụrụ iche, na-eduga ná [[Environmental degradation|mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi]]. Lee, Otú ọ dị, ọrụ Ostrom (1990) na otú ndị mmadụ na-eji ezigbo ihe onwunwe na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ iji guzobe iwu ndị na-achị onwe ha iji belata ihe ize ndụ nke ọdachi nke ndị nkịtị.

Mbelata mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ ihe atụ nke ọdịmma ọha na eze, ebe a naghị egosipụta uru ọha na eze kpamkpam na ọnụahịa ahịa. N'ihi na uru akụkụ nkeonwe dị obere karịa uru ọha mmadụ ahịa na-enye mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe. Nke a bụ ọdịmma ọha na eze ebe ọ bụ na ihe ize ndụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ ma ndị na-emegide ma na-enweghị ike iwepụ. Mgbalị ndị dị otú ahụ abụghị ndị na-asọ mpi ebe ọ bụ na mbelata ihu igwe na-enye mmadụ adịghị ebelata ọkwa nke mbelata nke onye ọ bụla ọzọ na-enwe. Ha bụ omume enweghị ike iwepụ n'ihi na ha ga-enwe nsonaazụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke enweghị ike iwepụ onye ọ bụla. A na-ebelata mkpali obodo itinye ego na mbelata carbon n'ihi na ọ nwere ike &quot;ịnya ụgbọ ala n'efu&quot; pụọ na mbọ nke mba ndị ọzọ. Ihe karịrị otu narị afọ gara aga, onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba Sweden bụ Knut Wicksell (1896) buru ụzọ kwurịta otú ahịa nwere ike isi na-enye ngwá ahịa ọha na eze n'ihi na ndị mmadụ nwere ike izochi mmasị ha maka ihe ọma, ma ka na-enweta uru na-akwụghị ha ụgwọ.

=== Uru ===
Ịtụle uru akụ na ụba nke gburugburu ebe obibi bụ isi isiokwu dị n'ime ubi. Ụkpụrụ nke ihe ndị sitere n'okike anaghị egosipụtakarị n'ọnụ ahịa ndị ahịa na-etinye na, n'eziokwu, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'enweghị ego ọ bụla. Esemokwu a na-ebutekarị mgbagha na ọnụahịa nke akụ sitere n'okike: ma iji ha emebiga ihe ókè na itinye ego n'ime ha. Uru akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ uru a na-ahụ anya nke ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi yana, n'ozuzu ya, nke akụrụngwa sitere n'okike, gụnyere ma ojiji ma na-apụtaghị ìhè (lee akụkụ ọdịdị nke akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi). Ụkpụrụ anaghị eji eme ihe gụnyere ịdị adị, nhọrọ na ụkpụrụ arịrịọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ ndị nwere ike iji ịdị adị nke ụdị ụdị dị iche iche kpọrọ ihe, n'agbanyeghị mmetụta mfu nke ụdị dị na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ịdị adị nke ụdị ndị a nwere ike ịnwe uru nhọrọ, n'ihi na enwere ike iji ya mee ihe maka ụfọdụ ebumnuche mmadụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịchọta ụfọdụ osisi maka ọgwụ. Ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ike iji ikike ịhapụ ebe mara mma maka ụmụ ha.

A na-enwetakarị ụkpụrụ ojiji na ndị na-apụtaghị ìhè site na omume ekpughere, dị ka ọnụ ahịa ime njem ntụrụndụ ma ọ bụ iji ụzọ hedonic nke a na-eme atụmatụ ụkpụrụ dabere na ọnụ ahịa hụrụ. A na-echekarị ụkpụrụ ndị anaghị eji ya eme ihe site na iji usoro mmasị ekwuputara dị ka ntule na-adịte aka ma ọ bụ ụdị nhọrọ. Ntụle ọnụ ahịa na-adịkarị n'ụdị nyocha nke a na-ajụ ndị mmadụ ego ole ha ga-akwụ iji lelee ma megharịa na gburugburu ebe obibi (mmasị ịkwụ ụgwọ) ma ọ bụ njikere ha ịnara ụgwọ (WTA) maka mbibi nke ọdịmma gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọnụ ahịa Hedonic na-enyocha mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-enwe na mkpebi akụ na ụba site na ọnụ ahịa ụlọ, mmefu njem, na ịkwụ ụgwọ ileta ogige ntụrụndụ.

=== Nkwado gọọmentị ===
Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ gọọmentị niile na steeti na-ebuli mmerụ ahụ gburugburu site n'inye ụdị enyemaka dị iche iche nwere mmetụta nke ịkwụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ na ndị na-eme ihe n'ụzọ akụ na ụba ọzọ iji na-erigbu akụ sitere n'okike karịa ichebe ha. Nbibi nke ụdị enyemaka ọhaneze dị otú ahụ ka e jiri nlezianya mee atụmatụ na $4-$6 trillion U.S. dollar kwa afọ.

== Ihe ngwọta ==
Ihe ngwọta a na-akwado iji dozie ihe ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere:

* '' Environmental regulations''. Under this plan, the economic impact has to be estimated by the regulator. Usually, this is done using cost-benefit analysis.  There is a growing realization that regulations (also known as &quot;command and control&quot; instruments) are not so distinct from economic instruments as is commonly asserted by proponents of environmental economics. E.g.1 regulations are enforced by fines, which operate as a form of tax if pollution rises above the threshold prescribed. E.g.2 pollution must be monitored and laws enforced, whether under a pollution tax regime or a regulatory regime.  The main difference an environmental economist would argue exists between the two methods, however, is the total cost of the regulation.  &quot;Command and control&quot; regulation often applies uniform emissions limits on polluters, even though each firm has different costs for emissions reductions, i.e., some firms, in this system, can abate pollution inexpensively, while others can only abate it at high cost.  Because of this, the total abatement in the system comprises some expensive and some inexpensive efforts.  Consequently, modern &quot;Command and control&quot; regulations are oftentimes designed in a way that addresses these issues by incorporating utility parameters. For instance, CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emission standards for specific manufacturers in the automotive industry are either linked to the average vehicle footprint (US system) or average vehicle weight (EU system) of their entire vehicle fleet. Environmental economic regulations find the cheapest emission abatement efforts first, and then move on to the more expensive methods.  E.g. as said earlier, trading, in the quota system, means a firm only abates pollution if doing so would cost less than paying someone else to make the same reduction.  This leads to a lower cost for the total abatement effort as a whole.{{citation needed|date=May 2012}}
* ''Quotas on pollution''. Often it is advocated that pollution reductions should be achieved by way of tradeable emissions permits, which if freely traded may ensure that reductions in pollution are achieved at least cost. In theory, if such tradeable quotas are allowed, then a firm would reduce its own pollution load only if doing so would cost less than paying someone else to make the same reduction, i.e., only if buying tradeable permits from another firm(s) is costlier. In practice, tradeable permits approaches have had some success, such as the U.S.'s sulphur dioxide trading program or the EU Emissions Trading Scheme, and interest in its application is spreading to other environmental problems.
* ''Taxes and tariffs on pollution''. Increasing the costs of polluting will discourage polluting, and will provide a &quot;dynamic incentive&quot;, that is, the disincentive continues to operate even as pollution levels fall.  A pollution tax that reduces pollution to the socially &quot;optimal&quot; level would be set at such a level that pollution occurs only if the benefits to society (for example, in form of greater production) exceeds the costs. This concept was introduced by Arthur Pigou, a British economist active in the late nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century. He showed that these externalities occur when markets fail, meaning they do not naturally produce the socially optimal amount of a good or service. He argued that “a tax on the production of paint would encourage the [polluting] factory to reduce production to the amount best for society as a whole.”&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=A little history of economics|author=Kishtainy, Niall|isbn=9780300234527|oclc=1039849897|date=2018-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; These taxes are known amongst economists as Pigouvian Taxes, and they regularly implemented where negative externalities are present. Some advocate a major shift from taxation from income and sales taxes to tax on pollution - the so-called &quot;green tax shift&quot;.
* ''Better defined [[Ikike inwe ihe|property rights]]''. The Coase Theorem states that assigning property rights will lead to an optimal solution, regardless of who receives them, if transaction costs are trivial and the number of parties negotiating is limited. For example, if people living near a factory had a right to clean air and water, or the factory had the right to pollute, then either the factory could pay those affected by the pollution or the people could pay the factory not to pollute. Or, citizens could take action themselves as they would if other property rights were violated. The US River Keepers Law of the 1880s was an early example, giving citizens downstream the right to end pollution upstream themselves if the government itself did not act (an early example of bioregional democracy).  Many markets for &quot;pollution rights&quot; have been created in the late twentieth century—see emissions trading. According to the Coase Theorem, the involved parties will bargain with each other, which results in an efficient solution. However, modern economic theory has shown that the presence of asymmetric information may lead to inefficient bargaining outcomes.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Myerson|first=Roger B|date=1983|title=Efficient mechanisms for bilateral trading|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|volume=29|issue=2|pages=265–281|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(83)90048-0|issn=0022-0531|url=http://www.kellogg.northwestern.edu/research/math/papers/469.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Specifically, Rob (1989) has shown that pollution claim settlements will not lead to the socially optimal outcome when the individuals that will be affected by pollution have learned private information about their disutility already before the negotiations take place.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Rob|first=Rafael|date=1989|title=Pollution claim settlements under private information|journal=Journal of Economic Theory|volume=47|issue=2|pages=307–333|doi=10.1016/0022-0531(89)90022-7|issn=0022-0531}}&lt;/ref&gt; Goldlücke and Schmitz (2018) have shown that inefficiencies may also result if the parties learn their private information only after the negotiations, provided that the feasible transfer payments are bounded.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Goldlücke|first=Susanne|date=2018|title=Pollution claim settlements reconsidered: Hidden information and bounded payments|journal=European Economic Review|volume=110|pages=211–222|doi=10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.08.005|issn=0014-2921}}&lt;/ref&gt; Using cooperative game theory, Gonzalez, Marciano and Solal (2019) have shown that in social cost problems involving more than three agents, the Coase theorem suffers from many counterexamples and that only two types of property rights lead to an optimal solution.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gonzalez|first=Stéphane|date=2019|title=The social cost problem, rights, and the (non)empty core|journal=Journal of Public Economic Theory|volume=21|issue=2|pages=347–365|doi=10.1111/jpet.12334}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Accounting for environmental externalities in the final price''. In fact, the world's largest industries burn about $7.3 trillion of free natural capital per year.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Roberts|first=David|date=2013-04-17|title=None of the world's top industries would be profitable if they paid for the natural capital they use|url=https://grist.org/business-technology/none-of-the-worlds-top-industries-would-be-profitable-if-they-paid-for-the-natural-capital-they-use/|accessdate=2022-12-14|work=Grist|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Thus, the world's largest industries would hardly be profitable if they had to pay for this destruction of natural capital. Trucost has assessed over 100 direct environmental impacts and condensed them into 6 key environmental performance indicators (EKPIs).{{Cite web|author=Joseph|date=2013-04-01|title=Natural Capital at Risk: The Top 100 Externalities of Business|url=https://capitalscoalition.org/natural-capital-at-risk-the-top-100-externalities-of-business/|accessdate=2022-12-14|work=Capitals Coalition|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; The assessment of environmental impacts is derived from different sources (academic journals, governments, studies, etc.) due to the lack of market prices. The table below gives an overview of the 5 regional sectors per EKPI with the highest impact on the overall EKPI:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Ọnọdụ nke mpaghara mpaghara 5 site na EKPI nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu n'ofe niile nke EKPIs mgbe a tụrụ ya na okwu ego&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Joseph|date=2013-04-01|title=Natural Capital at Risk: The Top 100 Externalities of Business|url=https://capitalscoalition.org/natural-capital-at-risk-the-top-100-externalities-of-business/|accessdate=2022-12-14|work=Capitals Coalition|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!Ọnọdụ
!IMPACT
!Onye na-ahụ maka ihe
!Ógbè
!NATURAL CAPITAL COST, $BN
!REVENU, $BN
!RATIO IMPACT
|-
|1
|GHG
|Ọkụ Coal Power
|Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia
|361.0
|443.1
|0.8
|-
|2
|Iji Ala eme ihe
|Ịkpa ehi na Ịzụ Ugbo
|South America
|312.1
|16.6
|18.7
|-
|3
|GHG
|Ihe igwe ihe ígwè na ígwè
|Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia
|216.1
|604.7
|0.4
|-
|4
|Mmiri
|Ịkpa Ọka
|Ndịda Eshia
|214.4
|31.8
|6.7
|-
|5
|GHG
|Ọkụ Coal Power
|Ebe Ugwu America
|201.0
|246.7
|0.8
|}
Ọ bụrụ na ekwe ka ụlọ ọrụ tinye ụfọdụ n'ime mpụ ndị a na ọnụ ahịa ikpeazụ ha, nke a nwere ike imebi Jevons paradox ma nye ego ga-ezuru iji nyere ụlọ ọrụ aka imeputa ihe.

== Mmekọrịta ya na ngalaba ndị ọzọ ==
Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi mana enwere ndịiche. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba gburugburu ka a zụrụ azụ dị ka ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba. Ha na-etinye ngwá ọrụ nke akụ na ụba iji dozie nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-emetụta ihe ndị a na-akpọ ọdịda ahịa - ọnọdụ ndị &quot;aka a na-adịghị ahụ anya&quot; nke akụ na ụba na-enweghị ntụkwasị obi. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba ka a zụrụ azụ dị ka ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, mana agbasawanyela oke ọrụ ha iji tụlee mmetụta ụmụ mmadụ na ọrụ akụ na ụba ha na sistemu na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, na nke ọzọ. Mpaghara a na-ewere dị ka ntọala ya na akụnụba bụ mpaghara subfield siri ike nke gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-akọwa akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka iwere ụzọ dị iche iche maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-elekwasị anya n'ụzọ doro anya na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi ogologo oge na okwu ọnụ ọgụgụ.

A na-ele akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi anya dị ka ihe kachasị mma na usoro ọnụahịa; ecological Economics dị ka ihe ezi uche dị na ya na mbọ ya iwekota ihe ndị na-abụghị nke price usoro dị ka isi arbiters nke mkpebi. Otu ndị ọkachamara abụọ a na-enwe mgbe ụfọdụ echiche ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha nke enwere ike gbadobere na nkwado nkà ihe ọmụma dị iche iche.

Ihe ọzọ na-eme n'èzí bụ mgbe ijikọ ụwa ọnụ na-ekwe ka otu onye na-egwu egwu n'ahịa na-enweghị mmasị na ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke onye ọzọ bụ - na-emepụta agbụrụ na ala na ụkpụrụ na nchekwa. Nke a, n'aka nke ya, nwere ike ịkpata mfu nke isi obodo site na mbuze, nsogbu ịdị ọcha mmiri, ọrịa, ọzara, na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị mma n'echiche akụ na ụba. Nchegbu a metụtara mpaghara subfield nke mmepe na-adigide na mmekọrịta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya, mmegharị nke mba ụwa.&lt;imagemap&gt;
Image:Sustainable development.svg|right|The [[three pillars of sustainability]] (clickable)|300px|thumb
poly 138 194 148 219 164 240 182 257 219 277 263 291 261 311 264 331 272 351 283 366 300 383 316 394 287 408 261 417 224 424 182 426 154 423 119 415 87 403 58 385 40 368 24 347 17 328 13 309 16 286 26 263 43 240 64 224 84 212 107 202 [[Environment (biophysical)|Environment]]
poly 324 219 334 226 343 234 351 242 359 251 366 263 371 276 375 287 400 279 417 272 438 263 453 252 466 241 477 229 488 214 497 193 482 189 463 188 423 188 398 191 376 196 352 204 [[Equity (economics)|Equitable]]
poly 319 221 330 229 337 235 347 244 357 258 365 270 371 287 358 289 344 291 321 292 303 292 284 290 268 288 272 275 278 261 287 249 297 239 [[Sustainable development|Sustainable]]
poly 142 192 167 188 185 187 211 187 235 190 263 196 286 203 304 212 316 219 305 227 295 236 285 246 276 259 269 272 264 287 249 284 229 277 208 268 190 256 172 242 158 226 149 212 [[Social ecology (theory)|Bearable (Social ecology)]]
poly 267 291 265 304 267 320 275 345 284 360 293 371 304 381 319 392 332 384 343 374 354 362 364 347 371 332 373 317 374 305 372 292 362 293 344 295 323 296 301 296 286 294 [[Viable (Environmental economics)|Viable]]
poly 501 193 519 197 541 205 561 215 582 228 604 248 616 267 623 286 626 305 623 326 617 343 607 359 596 373 580 386 563 397 538 409 517 417 494 422 468 425 432 426 413 424 396 421 375 416 353 409 335 401 323 394 335 386 349 372 360 359 374 331 377 313 377 299 376 290 388 288 410 280 458 256 481 233 [[Economics|Economic]]
poly 141 188 139 173 143 147 152 126 169 107 191 88 216 75 242 65 280 55 310 53 352 54 379 60 415 71 447 88 461 99 475 112 488 128 496 147 500 162 500 176 500 189 471 185 452 183 410 185 369 194 337 206 319 216 305 208 279 197 257 191 230 185 199 183 199 182 199 183 [[Society|Social]]
&lt;/imagemap&gt;Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche na akụ akụ akụ. Akụrụngwa akụ na ụba sitere n'okike dị ka mpaghara subfield malitere mgbe isi ihe na-eche ndị nyocha bụ nrigbu azụmaahịa kachasị mma nke akụ akụ sitere n'okike. Mana ndị na-ahụ maka akụrụngwa na ndị na-eme amụma mechara malite ileba anya na mkpa ka ukwuu nke akụrụngwa sitere n'okike (dịka ụkpụrụ azụ na osisi karịrị naanị nrigbu azụmahịa ha). O siri ike ugbu a ịmata ọdịiche dị na akụ na ụba &quot;gburugburugburu&quot; na &quot;ihe okike&quot; dị ka ubi dị iche iche ka ha abụọ jikọtara ya na nkwado. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ kewara ịrụ ọrụ na akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ.

Akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi bụ mmetụta dị ukwuu n'echiche nke ikekekeke n'okike na ego gburugburu ebe obibi, nke enwere ike ịsị na ọ bụ ngalaba abụọ nke akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara nchekwa nchekwa akụ na mmepụta, na uru nke ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ nye mmadụ, n'otu n'otu. Ozizi nke ikekete ụwa (Hawken, Lovins, Lovins) na-aga n'ihu karịa akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi ọdịnala site n'ichepụta ụwa ebe a na-ahụta ọrụ sitere n'okike dịka isi obodo.

Ndị na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ ndị ọzọ na-ajụ usoro akụ na ụba neoclassical na-akwado akụ na ụba ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọhụrụ karịa ikekete ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ọchịchị Kọmunist nke na-enye aka na mmekọrịta nke akụ na ụba mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-ekwenye na &quot;akụ na ụba bụ ụzọ atọ n'ụzọ ise nke gburugburu ebe obibi&quot; - Mike Nickerson . Otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị a bụ onye na-akwado mgbanwe na ume ọhụrụ.

Ụzọ ndị a na-esiwanye ike ga-apụta mgbanwe n'ịkwanye ego na ikekwe ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya nke bioregional nke mere na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, na gburugburu ebe obibi &quot;oke gburugburu&quot; kwadoro, ọ bụghị n'okpuru mkpebi ikpe a na-emekarị n'okpuru ikekete.

Mpaghara mpaghara na-apụta nke akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi na-amụ njikọ ya na akụ na ụba mmepe. Ndị Michael Greenstone na B. Kelsey Jack kpọrọ &quot;envirodevonomics&quot; n'akwụkwọ ha bụ &quot;Envirodevonomics: Agenda Research for a Young Field&quot;, ngalaba ahụ nwere mmasị karịsịa n'ịmụ &quot;ihe kpatara àgwà gburugburu ebe obibi [ ji dị njọ na mba ndị na-emepe emepe.&quot; Atụmatụ maka ịghọta njikọ a nke ọma n'etiti GDP nke mba na àgwà gburugburu ebe obibi ya gụnyere nyochaa ole n'ime echiche etiti nke akụ na ụba gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere ọdịda ahịa, mpụga, na njikere ịkwụ ụgwọ, nwere ike gbagwojuru anya site na nsogbu ndị dị iche iche na-eche mba ndị na-emepe emepe ihu, dị otú ahụ. dị ka okwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, enweghị akụrụngwa, ma ọ bụ akụrụngwa ego ezughị oke, n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.

N'ihe gbasara iwu na akụnụba, a na-amụ iwu gburugburu ebe obibi site n'echiche akụ na ụba. Nyocha akụ na ụba nke ihe ọmụmụ iwu gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka zoning, mbupụ, ikikere, ụgwọ ndị ọzọ, ụkpụrụ nchekwa, mkpuchi amanyere iwu, na mmachi mpụ. Akwụkwọ Michael Faure (2003) na-enyocha akwụkwọ a.

== Òtù ndị ọkachamara ==
Ndị isi agụmakwụkwọ na ndị ọkachamara maka ọzụzụ nke Environmental Economics bụ Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (AERE) na European Association for Environmental and Resource Economics (EAERE). Isi ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na ọkachamara maka ọzụzụ nke Ecological Economics bụ International Society for Ecological Economics (ISEE). Isi nzukọ maka Green Economics bụ Green Economics Institute.
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  <page>
    <title>Ndepụta Ụlọ Ọrụ Zimbabue</title>
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      <text bytes="4313" sha1="rp2tafjp5xw2ho8bbrw1r7ofym9upe4" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Ndekọ ụlọ ọrụ Zimbabwe bụ ndenye aha ngwaahịa ewepụtara na ụkpụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na Zimbabwe Stock Exchange.  Ndekọ Ngwuputa Zimbabwe bụ ndepụta ngwaahịa dị iche, nke ụlọ ọrụ na-egwuputa ihe mejupụtara.

== Ndepụta ndepụta ==

: ''Machị 2007''

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Symbol
!Company
!Notes
|-
|ABCH
|[[ABC Holdings]]
|''Finance''
|-
|AFDIS
|African Distillers
|
|-
|AFRICANSUN
|African Sun Limited
|''Hotels and tourism''
|-
|APEX
|[[Apex Corporation of Zimbabwe]]
|''Engineering''
|-
|ARISTON
|[[Ariston Holdings]]
|
|-
|ART ZDR
|ART Holdings
|''Paper and packaging''
|-
|ASTRA
|[[Astra Holdings]]
|
|-
|BARCLAY
|Barclays Bank
|
|-
|BAT
|British American Tobacco
|
|-
|BICAF
|[[BICC CAFCA LIMITED]]
|
|-
|BORDER
|Border Timbers
|
|-
|CAIRNS
|Cairns Holdings
|
|-
|CAPS
|[[CAPS Holdings]]
|''Pharmaceuticals''
|-
|CBZH
|CBZ Holdings
|''Conglomerate''
|-
|CELSYS
|[[Celsys Limited]]
|''Industry''
|-
|CFI
|[[CFI Holdings]]
|''Conglomerate''
|-
|CFX
|[[CFX Financial Services]]
|''Finance''
|-
|CHEMCO
|[[Chemco Holdings]]
|
|-
|CIRCEM
|[[Circle Cement]]
|
|-
|COLCOM
|Colcom Foods
|
|-
|COTTCO
|Cotton Company of Zimbabwe
|
|-
|DAWN
|[[Dawn Properties]]
|
|-
|DELTA
|Delta Corporation
|''Industrial, conglomerate''
|-
|DZLH
|[[DZL Holdings]]
|''Industrial''
|-
|ECONET
|Econet Wireless
|
|-
|EDGARS
|Edgars Stores
|
|-
|FBCH
|[[FBC Holdings]]
|''Finance''
|-
|FIDELITY
|[[Fidelity Life Assurance]]
|''Insurance''
|-
|FINHOLD
|
|
|-
|FML
|[[First Mutual]]
|''Industrial''
|-
|G/BELTINGS
|[[General Beltings]]
|
|-
|GULLIVER
|[[Gulliver Consolidated]]
|''Industrial steel engineering''
|-
|HIPPO
|Hippo Valley
|''[[Oru ugbo|Agriculture]]''
|-
|HUNYANI
|[[Hunyani Holdings]]
|''Industrial''
|-
|INNSCOR
|[[Innscor Africa]]
|''Conglomerate''
|-
|INTERFRESH
|[[Interfresh]]
|''Horticulture''
|-
|KINGDOM
|
|
|-
|M&amp;R
|[[Murray and Roberts]]
|
|-
|MASH
|[[Mashonaland Holdings]]
|
|-
|MEDTECH
|[[Medtech Holdings]]
|''[[Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ|Healthcare]]''
|-
|MEIKLES
|Meikles Africa
|''Hotels, other''
|-
|NATFOODS
|National Foods
|
|-
|NICOZDIAMO
|[[Nicoz Diamond Insurance]]
|
|-
|NMB
|[[NMBZ Holdings]]
|
|-
|NTS
|[[National Tyre Services]]
|
|-
|OK ZIM
|[[OK Zimbabwe]]
|''Retail''
|-
|OLD MUTUAL
|Old Mutual
|''Insurance''
|-
|PELHAMS
|[[Pelhams Limited]]
|''Industrial''
|-
|PGI
|[[PG Industries]]
|
|-
|PHOENIX
|[[Phoenix Consolidated Industries]]
|
|-
|PIONEER
|[[Pioneer Holdings]]
|
|-
|PPC
|[[Pretoria Portland Cement]]
|
|-
|POWERSPEED
|[[Powerspeed Electrical]]
|
|-
|RADAR
|[[Radar Holdings]]
|''Construction''
|-
|RED STAR
|
|
|-
|RTG
|[[Rainbow Tourism Group]]
|
|-
|SEEDCO
|[[Seed Company of Zimbabwe]]
|
|-
|STAR AFRICA
|[[Star Africa]]
|''Food processing''
|-
|STEELNET
|[[Steelnet Zimbabwe]]
|''Conglomerate''
|-
|TA
|[[TA Holdings]]
|
|-
|TANGANDA
|Tanganda Tea
|
|-
|TEDCO
|[[Tedco Limited]]
|
|-
|TPH
|[[Tractive Power Holdings]]
|
|-
|TRUWORTHS
|Truworths
|
|-
|TSL
|[[TSL Limited]]
|
|-
|TURNALL
|[[Turnall Holdings]]
|
|-
|WILLDALE
|[[Willdale Brick and Potteries]]
|''Construction''
|-
|ZIMNAT LION
|[[Zimnat Lion Insurance]]
|
|-
|ZIMPAPERS
|[[Zimbabwe Newspapers]]
|
|-
|ZIMPLOW
|Zimplow Limited
|
|-
|ZHL
|[[Zimbabwe Reinsurance]]
|
|-
|}

== Ndepụta nke Mmanụ ala Zimbabwe ==
Ka ọ na-erule Machị 2007 Zimbabwe Mining Index nwere ndepụta ụlọ ọrụ ise.

'''Ndepụta Ndepụta'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ihe nnọchianya
!Ụlọ ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|BINDURA
|Ụlọ ọrụ Bindura Nickel
|
|-
|Ihe na-ezighị ezi
|[[Falcon Gold Zimbabwe]]
|
|-
|HALOGEN
|[[Halogen Investments|Ntinye ego Halogen]]
|
|-
|Ọ dị mma
|Ebe a na-ere ihe na Hwange
|
|-
|RIO ZIM
|[[Rio Zim|Osimiri Zim]]
|
|-
|}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093515/http://www.africanfinancials.com/Report.aspx?afr_year=2010&amp;CountryDOMAIN=zw&amp;CshortName=DAWN Dawn Properties Limited Akụkọ kwa afọ 2010]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110707093430/http://www.africanfinancials.com/Report.aspx?afr_year=2010&amp;CountryDOMAIN=zw&amp;CshortName=OKZIMBABWE OK Zimbabwe Limited Annual Report 2010]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160621053833/http://www.zse.co.zw/index.php?link=share_price Zimbabwe Industrial Index na Zimbabwe Mining Index, na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Zimbabwe Stock Exchange]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oluyole FM</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <text bytes="851" sha1="9th5u9ppsgplnpae2h5vnjkv76edoht" xml:space="preserve">Oluyole FM (98.5 MHz) bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi na Ibadan, Nigeria.  BCOS na-arụkwa ọwa telivishọn BCOS TV..

Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere na 1972 dị ka onye ibe na ọrụ AM ma mara ya dị ka Radio O.Y.O. 2 ruo 2009, mgbe Otunba Christopher Adebayo Alao-Akala, onye bụbu gọvanọ nke steeti ahụ gbanwere aha ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Adegbite Adeyanju|url=http://www.gcimuseum.org/content/adegbite-adeyanju|accessdate=2022-04-09|work=GCI Museum|archivedate=2022-01-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220124223947/http://gcimuseum.org/content/adegbite-adeyanju}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ogunyemi|first=Dele|date=26 November 2009|title=Nigeria: Radio O.Y.O 2 Becomes Oluyole FM|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200911260423.html|accessdate=27 October 2021|work=All Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Nnadozie Ugonna Ezenwaka</title>
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'''Nnadozie Ugonna Ezenwaka''' (amụrụ na June 16, 1994) bụ [[Ndị Naijiria|onye Naijiria]] na-agba bọọlụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.one.co.il/Player/Current//1,1,8,49727/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94|title=ONE: אזנוקה אוגונה|work=ONE - מספר 1 בספורט|accessdate=2023-06-16|archivedate=2013-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630042225/http://one.co.il/Player/Current//1%2C1%2C8%2C49727/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nnadozie Ugonna Ezenwaka – Israel Football Association league player details
* Nnadozie Ugonna Ezenwaka at FootballDatabase.eu


[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Ndị Canada si Ghana</title>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12703" sha1="o1vfyaibbwpogaeck2qf2m9zbr0pqq8" xml:space="preserve">== Nchịkọta ==
Ndị Ghana bu ụzọ kwaga Canada n'afọ ndị 1960.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/africans/|title=African Canadians|first=Josephine C.|author=Naidoo|accessdate=2023-06-17|archivedate=2023-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603092902/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/africans}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thepatrioticvanguard.com/special-report-ghanaians-in-canada|title=Special Report: Ghanaians in Canada|first=The Patriotic|author=Vanguard|date=29 October 2006|work=Thepatrioticvanguard.com|accessdate=20 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ndị Ghana bi na mpaghara Toronto, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịchọta ole na ole n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Canada.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&amp;q=Ghanaian+Canadian&amp;pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity &amp; Belonging|first=Wisdom|author=Tettey|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|accessdate=20 January 2017|isbn=9781552381755}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/migrationimmigra00maur|quote=Ghanaian Canadian.|title=Migration and Immigration: A Global View|first=Maura Isabel|author=Toro-Morn|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|accessdate=20 January 2017|isbn=9780313330445}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qg4UCgAAQBAJ&amp;q=Ghanaian+Canadian&amp;pg=PA248|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first=Jacob|author=Olupona|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|accessdate=20 January 2017|isbn=9780814762110}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://search.researchimpact.ca/_app/impact/files/tables/files.path.14.pdf|title=Ghanaian Immigrants Use Religion to Affirm Their Identity|work=Search.researchimpact.ca|accessdate=2017-03-04|archivedate=2017-03-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305042009/http://search.researchimpact.ca/_app/impact/files/tables/files.path.14.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://tspace.library.utoronto.ca/bitstream/1807/29721/1/Firang_David_Y_20116_PhD_thesis.pdf|title=Transnational Activities and Their Impact on Achieving a Successful Housing Career in Canada: The Case of Ghanaian Immigrants in Toronto|work=Tspace.library.utoronto.ca|accessdate=2017-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xJ8cAwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Ghanaians+in+canada&amp;pg=PA293|title=The African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century|first=John W.|author=Frazier|date=1 September 2010|publisher=Global Academic Publishing|accessdate=4 March 2017|isbn=9781438436845}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zByZal1b_RsC&amp;q=Ghanaians+in+canada&amp;pg=PA293|title=African Diaspora in the United States and Canada at the Dawn of the 21st Century, The|first=John W.|author=Frazier|date=1 September 2010|publisher=SUNY Press|accessdate=4 March 2017|isbn=9781438436852}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/22753279|title=Attitudes of Ghanaians in Canada towards Traditional Medicine: Implications for Practice, Policy and Research|first=Africa Development and Resources Research Institute|author=ADRRI|accessdate=4 March 2017|issn=2343-6662|volume=25|journal=Africa Development and Resources Research Institute Journal|date=February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The Role of Ghanaian Immigrant Associations in Toronto, Canada|journal=International Migration Review|first=Thomas Y.|author=Owusu|date=1 January 2000|volume=34|issue=4|pages=1155–1181|doi=10.2307/2675978}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&amp;q=Ghanaian+Canadian&amp;pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity &amp; Belonging|first=Wisdom|author=Tettey|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|accessdate=4 March 2017|isbn=9781552381755}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://kumvana.ewb.ca/?p=638|title=Kumvana 2016 - ONE WORLD, TWO DIFFERENT SYSTEMS (CANADA, GHANA)|accessdate=4 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Transnationalism among African immigrants in North America: The case of Ghanaians in Canada|first=Thomas Y.|author=Owusu|journal=Int. Migration &amp; Integration|volume=4|issue=3|pages=395–413|doi=10.1007/s12134-003-1027-x|year=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=The use of Traditional Medicine by Ghanaians in Canada|first=Kofi B.|author=Barimah|date=1 January 2008|journal=BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine|volume=8|doi=10.1186/1472-6882-8-30|pmid=18558002}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&amp;q=Ghanaian+Canadian+and+canadians+in+common&amp;pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity &amp; Belonging|first=Wisdom|author=Tettey|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|isbn=9781552381755}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na a na-akọwa ha site na itinye aka n'okpukpe ha, ndị Ghanaian Canada yiri ka ha nwere nchegbu banyere itinye aka n&quot;ime obodo Canada ka ukwuu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1122&amp;context=swb|format=PDF|title='Doing Religion' Overseas: The Characteristics and Functions of Ghanaian Immigrant Churches in Toronto, Canada|work=Scholarlycommons.law.case.edu|accessdate=2017-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y6MUCgAAQBAJ&amp;q=Ghanaian+Canadians+and+canadians+common+culture&amp;pg=PA250|title=African Immigrant Religions in America|first=Jacob|author=Olupona|date=1 May 2007|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9780814762127}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QpoxptJZ73sC&amp;q=Ghanaian+Canadians+and+canadians+common+culture&amp;pg=PA158|title=The African Diaspora in Canada: Negotiating Identity &amp; Belonging|first=Wisdom|author=Tettey|date=1 January 2005|publisher=University of Calgary Press|isbn=9781552381755}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Efua&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/4976?show=full|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720040740/http://www.dr.library.brocku.ca/handle/10464/4976?show=full|archivedate=2014-07-20|title=Exploring perspectives about sexuality among Ghanaian youth living in Canada: Understanding the impact of cultural contact.|first=Boafo-Arthur|author=Efua|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=4 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vergemagazine.com/volunteer-abroad/blogs/963-canadians-and-ghanaians-kindred-spirits.html|title=Canadians and Ghanaians – Kindred Spirits?|first=Leigh|author=Matassa|work=Vergemagazine.com|accessdate=4 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://cireport.ca/2010/06/26/ghanaians-enslaving-ghanaians-in-canada/|title=Ghanaians enslaving Ghanaians in Canada|author=CIR|date=26 June 2010|work=Cireport.ca|accessdate=4 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Asụsụ ===
Ọtụtụ ndị Ghanaian Canada na-asụ Bekee nke ọma n'ihi na ọ bụ asụsụ nkwurịta okwu na Ghana. Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-asụkwa asụsụ obodo na mgbakwunye na Bekee, nke kachasị ewu ewu bụ Twi. Asụsụ ndị ọzọ a na-asụ bụ Fante, Ga, Ewe, Dagbani, Nzema, Gonja, na Kasem. Ndị Ghana nwere oge dị mfe iji mee mgbanwe na ndụ na Canada karịa ndị ọzọ si mba ọzọ kwabata n'ihi na ala nna ha nke Ghana nwere [[asụsụ Bekee]] dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị ma ọtụtụ ndị bi na Ghana na-asụ ya.

== Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+Ndị bi na ya site na mpaghara ma ọ bụ ókèala Canada (2016)
!Ógbè
!Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya
!Pasentị
!Ebe e si nweta ya
|-
| Ontario
|24,845
|0.2%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016ON&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=35&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Alberta
|4,465
|0.1%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016AB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=48&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Quebec
|3,235
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016QC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;Geo=24|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| British Columbia
|1,600
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016BC&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=59&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Saskatchewan
|555
|0.1%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016SK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=47&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Manitoba
|385
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016MB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=46&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Nova Scotia
|190
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016NS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=12&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| New Brunswick
|95
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016NB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=13&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Newfoundland and Labrador
|65
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016NL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=10&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Northwest Territories
|30
|0.1%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016NT&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=61&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Prince Edward Island
|15
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016PE&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=11&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Yukon
|15
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016YK&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=60&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Nunavut
|10
|0.0%
|&lt;ref name=&quot;2016NU&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/hlt-fst/imm/Table.cfm?Lang=E&amp;T=31&amp;SP=1&amp;geo=62&amp;age=1&amp;sex=1|title=Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data|work=[[Canada 2016 Census]]|date=25 October 2017|publisher=[[Statistics Canada]]|accessdate=30 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| Canada
|'''35,495'''
|'''0.1%'''
| 
|}


== Ndị ama ama ==
 

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|30em}}</text>
      <sha1>o1vfyaibbwpogaeck2qf2m9zbr0pqq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Nwa agbọghọ Finden</title>
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      <text bytes="2455" sha1="fi03bnk8gqiw8zbxo2pqonnd73sxcsb" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Synnøve Finden bụ ụlọ ọrụ mmiri ara ehi Norwegian nke na-emepụta cheese, bọta na mmiri na ugbo dị na Alvdal na Namsos. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara cheese odo ya na 21 Septemba 1996 na cheese na-acha nchara nchara n'afọ 1997. E depụtara ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Oslo Stock Exchange. Synnøve Finden bụ taa naanị onye Norway na-ama Tine aka na ahịa cheese Norwegian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Synnøve i dag|url=https://www.synnove.no/synn%C3%B8ve-i-dag/|accessdate=2022-05-18|work=Synnøve Finden|archivedate=2022-07-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220704021454/https://www.synnove.no/synn%C3%B8ve-i-dag/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
A na-ewere Synnøve Finden (1882-1957) taa dị ka nwanyị mbụ guzobere cheese na onye nwe ụlọ ọrụ. Ya na Pernille Holmen na nwa ya nwanyị Evy (13), Synnøve Finden meghere ụlọ ọrụ cheese mbụ ya na'afọ 1928 na Grefsen Plateau na Oslo. Ọganihu maka mmepụta ahụ bịara mgbe mbụ e webatara cheese ahụ na njikọ ndị inyom ụlọ Hjemmenes Vel. N'afọ 1987, e rere Synnøve Finden A / S na Dag Swanstrøm ma mepụta ya kwaga Enebakk. Site na Swanstrøm kwa, ọganihu (1996) ka ọ bụrụ onye ịma aka na Norwegian Dairies (Tine) na ndị otu ahụ. Na Jenụwarị 1997, Minista Ọrụ Ugbo Gunhild Øyangen sitere na Labour Party kwuru na steeti na otu ndị ọrụ ugbo Norwegian ekwenyela imeghe maka asọmpi na ngalaba mmiri ara ehi.  Na 1995, onye nwe ọhụrụ ahụ gara ịzụrụ mmiri ara ehi Tine mechiri emechi na Alvdal.

Site na oge 1996–2008, Synnøve Fiden abụrụla onye asọmpi Tine nke mbụ nwere chiiz edo edo na brunost.  N'afọ 2008, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwetara ndị nwe ọhụrụ, ndị na-emepụta Norwegian Jan Bodd na Stig Sunde.  Afọ iri ka ewegharachara, Karl Kristian Sunde sonye dị ka onye mmekọ na onye nwe ya.

=== Nwa agbọghọ Korea ===
N'afọ 2020, Synnøve Finden gbasaa ahịa ya nke cheese na-acha nchara nchara na South Korea, ebe ereela ihe karịrị Puku iri ise na abuo brunost ka ọ na-erule Mee 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hågensen|first=Kristina|date=2020-11-24|title=Koreanere i kø for å kjøpe norsk brunost|url=https://www.nrk.no/innlandet/brunost-fra-synnove-finden-og-ostehovler-er-populaert-i-sor-korea-1.15256881|accessdate=2022-05-18|work=NRK|language=nb-NO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;</text>
      <sha1>fi03bnk8gqiw8zbxo2pqonnd73sxcsb</sha1>
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      <text bytes="11448" sha1="q8fsu7vtssmcwp9dzqbb90k77z6h97w" xml:space="preserve"> 

Non-Timber Forest Products - Exchange Program (NTFP-EP) bụ egwuregwu nke òtù ndị na-eso ndị na òtù ndị obodo na Ndịda Ọwụwa iwu Eshia na Ndịda Eshia nke na- ojiji nke mgbanwe na-ahụ osisi (NTFPs) maka nchekwa nchekwa na dị ka isi iyi nke ndụ maka obodo ndị dị n'oké ike. Netwọk ahụ nwere ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na Philippines na ụlọ ọrụ mba na Cambodia, [[Ndia|India]], Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, na Vietnam.

Ọrụ NTFP-EP na-anya na nchekwa obodo, ikike na ngwaahịa, ụzọ ndụ na-adịgide, nri na ụmụ amaala, iwusi ike ike, nha nhata nwoke na-egosi, na inye ndị ọrịa ike. LED ahụ na-eduzi ọrụ ozi na ihe ndị, ike, na ọrụ Nkwado na ndị mmekọ ihe na ndị na-akwado ya dị ka nke ọrụ ya na-ewulite ikike.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
NTFP-EP ahụ n'ụzọ na- anya isi na 1998 dị ka otu ndị na-agụ n'iji na-arụ ọrụ na India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, na Vietnam. Na September 2003, e debara aha otu ahụ na Securities and Exchange Commission dị ka otu na- Nche uru nke dị na Quezon City, Philippines. Onye Dutch ethnobiologist Johannes Henricus de Beer jere ozi dị ka onye isi ụmụaka mbụ nke NTFP-EP site na 1998 ruo 2010.

N'afọ ndị mbụ ya, a na-akpọ mpaghara mpaghara ahụ Non-Timber Forest Products Exchange Program maka South na Southeast [[Asia]]. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-akpọbu ụlọ ọrụ mba NTFP-EP Philippines Non-Timber Forest Products Task Force. E mechara mee ka aha ndị ahụ dị format ma hazie ha ka ha bụrụ ndị a na-akpọ ugbu a n'afọ 2012.

Taa, nzukọ ahụ eguzobewo ụlọ ọrụ mba zuru oke na Quezon City, Bogor, na Phnom Penh na obere ụlọ ọrụ mba na Kotagiri, Miri, na Ho Chi Minh City.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-04-08|title=NTFP-EP|url=https://www.weadapt.org/organisation/ntfp-ep|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=weADAPT|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ==

=== Ógbè ===
Kemgbe afọ 2007, NTFP-EP anabatala ''Madhu'' Duniya, nzukọ mba ụwa gbasara mmanụ aṅụ ọhịa na ụdị aṅụ Eshia nke a na-eme kwa afọ anọ na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mayuga|first=Jonathan L.|date=2019-10-14|title=PHL to host international conference on bees {{!}} Jonathan L. Mayuga|url=https://businessmirror.com.ph/2019/10/14/phl-to-host-international-conference-on-bees/|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=BusinessMirror|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-24|title=Why Asian honey is 'medicinal honey'|url=https://www.rappler.com/science/life-health/245664-why-asian-honey-is-medicinal-honey/|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=RAPPLER|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, [[Food and Agriculture Organization|Òtù Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo]] jikọtara aka na NTFP-EP iji nyochaa ọrụ NTFPs na ihe ntecha na ngwaahịa mara mma. E bipụtara nsonaazụ nke mmekorita a n'akwụkwọ Naturally Beautiful na 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Naturally beautiful: Cosmetic and beauty products from forests|url=https://www.fao.org/publications/card/en/c/CA8590EN/|accessdate=2023-03-22|year=2020|doi=10.4060/ca8590en|isbn=978-92-5-132398-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

NTFP-EP bipụtara akwụkwọ Wild Tastes in Asia na 2019, na-akọwapụta ihe atụ dị iche iche nke nri ọhịa nke ụmụ amaala na obodo ndị dị n'Eshia na-eri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gupta|first=Felix Padel &amp; Malvika|date=2020-11-21|title=Illustrative and illuminating: Review of Wild Tastes in Asia by Madhu Ramnath and Ramon Razal|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/illustrative-and-illuminating-review-of-wild-tastes-in-asia-by-madhu-ramnath-and-ramon-razal/article33149714.ece|accessdate=2023-03-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime ọrụ nke afọ 2019, ndị isi ndị isi ASEAN na-ahụ maka hagaajin nyere NTFP-EP ọrụ ọrụ na usoro maka owuwe ihe ubi na ijikwa NTFPs na mpaghara ahụ. N'abụ iri abụọ na otu n'ọnọ Ọktoba n'afọ 2020, ndị Minista ASEAN na-ahụ maka ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-anabata ozi ndị eze ahụ.

N'afọ 2021, NTFP-EP haziri ụbọchị ise nke Forest Harvest Community-based NTFP Enterprises Forum, nke lekwasịrị anya na ụlọ ọrụ obodo na-emepụta ma na-ere ngwaahịa ọdịnala na nke ụmụ amaala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-05-27|title=Forest harvest forum to shed light on sustainable community enterprises, traditional products|url=https://asiapacificfarmersforum.net/cbne-forum-forest-harvest-forum-to-shed-light-on-sustainable-community-enterprises-traditional-products/|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=APFP / FO4A / ARISE|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sitte|first=Jonas|title=CBNE Forum|url=https://ifsa.net/cbne-2021/|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=IFSA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, [[Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ịrụ Aka n'Ọhịa Eshia|Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ịrụ Aka n'Ọhịa]] nke Eshia bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta afọ ise na NTFP-EP iji duzie mmemme ya na njikwa ọkụ ọhịa, nchekwa akụ na ụba, na ịkwalite ihe oriri mpaghara n'ime mba ndị otu ASEAN.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=AFoCO-EML|date=2022-06-01|title=Launch of AFoCO-AKCF Project at XV World Forestry Congress|url=https://afocosec.org/newsroom/news/launch-of-afoco-akcf-project-at-xv-world-forestry-congress/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=AFoCO|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Mee 5, 2022, NTFP-EP, na mmekorita ya na Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP) na Asian Farmers Association for Sustainable Rural Development (AFA), haziri ihe omume gọọmentị maka XV World Forestry Congress na Seoul, South Korea, nke akpọrọ &quot;Communities Speak: Indigenous People&quot; Local Actions and Initiatives are Vital to Implement the Paris Agreement and the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230926224105/https://aippnet.org/human-rights-based-approach-key-addressing-global-biodiversity-climate-crisesa-hybrid-indigenous-peoples-initiatives-actions-contex/ Ihe omume] ngwakọta ahụ nyere ohere maka ndị sonyere iji mụta ma chee echiche banyere onyinye dị oke mkpa nke ndị obodo na-enye maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na ihe ndị dị iche iche zuru ụwa ọnụ. 

==== Pastọ Rice Obere Onyinye Ego ====
N'afọ 2016, NTFP-EP guzobere Pastor Rice Smalls Grants Fund, ụlọ ọrụ microgrants nke na-akwado atụmatụ obodo ndị inyom na-eduzi na Ndịda Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 2020|title=Embedding gender justice in climate action|url=https://www.bothends.org/uploaded_files/document/Embedding_gender_justice_in_environmental_action_we.pdf|work=BothENDS}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gụrụ ego ahụ aha iji cheta Delbert Arthur Rice, onye ozi ala ọzọ America na onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi nke jere ozi dị ka onye otu NTFP-EP.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=May 13, 2014|title=Environmentalist Pastor Delbert Rice passes away|url=https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/content/360860/environmentalist-pastor-delbert-rice-passes-away/story/|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=GMA News Online|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2009-02-11|title=Remembering Pastor Delbert Rice|url=https://ntfp.org/2009/02/remembering-pastor-delbert-rice/|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=NTFP-EP|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mba ===
N'afọ 2014, [[Ebe Akụrụngwa Ụwa Nile Maka Okike|WWF]] jikọtara aka na NTFP-EP Cambodia iji mepụta ọrụ ndụ ọzọ maka obodo ndị dị n'oké ọhịa na mpaghara Kratié na Stung Treng.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WWF partners with NTFP-EP to ensure project design will improve community livelihoods|url=https://wwf.panda.org/wwf_news/?228093/WWF-partners-with-NTFP-EP-to-ensure-project-design-will-improve-community-livelihoods|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=wwf.panda.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, National Commission for Culture and the Arts na NTFP-EP Philippines jikọrọ aka guzobe ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ọdịnala dị ndụ na mpaghara Benguet iji nyere aka chekwaa omenala ọdịnala na mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Geminiano|first=Pamela Mariz|date=September 10, 2018|title=NCCA, Benguet confirm 198 graduates of Schools Living Tradition|url=https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1047473|work=Philippine News Agency}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, onye na-eweta ihe nchọgharị Ecosia jikọtara aka na NTFP-EP Philippines iji kụọ mkpụrụ osisi ala na enyemaka nke ndị mmekọ ya bụ ụmụ amaala na obodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-08-13|title=Your trees in the Philippines|url=https://blog.ecosia.org/philippines/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=The Ecosia Blog|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jose|first=Christian San|date=2021-04-01|title=Ecosia, the search engine that plants trees, is now repopulating Philippine forests|url=https://nolisoli.ph/95893/ecosia-tree-planting-philippines/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=NOLISOLI|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323080515/https://nolisoli.ph/95893/ecosia-tree-planting-philippines/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kụrụ mkpụrụ osisi 55,000 n'ugwu Sierra Madre nke Luzon, ugwu etiti nke agwaetiti Panay, na ugwu Kimangkil-Kalanawan-Sumagaya-Pamalihi na Mindanao.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Cabico|first=Gaea Katreena|title=Indigenous communities lead forest restoration powered by web searches|url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/04/22/2092712/indigenous-communities-lead-forest-restoration-powered-web-searches|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=Philstar.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, NTFP-EP Indonesia wepụtara asambodo usoro nkwa ya maka rattan a na-ewepụta nke ọma, na asambodo mbụ ya nyere ụlọ ọrụ Dutch Van der Sar Import.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Label for sustainable rattan launched {{!}} IUCN NL|url=https://www.iucn.nl/en/news/label-for-sustainable-rattan-launched/|accessdate=2023-03-22|work=IUCN Netherlands|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Havermans|first=Onno|date=2022-05-10|title=Rotan is terug, nu zelfs met een keurmerk, maar is uw stoel daarmee duurzaam?|url=https://www.trouw.nl/duurzaamheid-economie/rotan-is-terug-nu-zelfs-met-een-keurmerk-maar-is-uw-stoel-daarmee-duurzaam~b4552801/|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=Trouw|language=nl-NL}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọzọkwa na 2022, NTFP-EP Cambodia nyere aka guzobe ọtụtụ ebe njem gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara Kratié na Stung Treng site na ego sitere na ọrụ USAID Greening Prey Lang.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-09-14|title=NTFP-EP Cambodia supports ecotourism communities in Stung Treng, Kratie - Khmer Times|url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501150767/ntfp-ep-cambodia-supports-ecotourism-communities-in-stung-treng-kratie/|accessdate=2023-03-22|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Raksmey|first=Hong|title=Ministry promoting eco-tourism to award winning communities|url=https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/ministry-promoting-eco-tourism-award-winning-communities|accessdate=2023-03-23|work=www.phnompenhpost.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Asia office website
* [http://ntfp.org.kh/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ụlọ ọrụ Cambodia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20231003230713/https://www.ntfp-indonesia.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ụlọ ọrụ Indonesia]
* [https://ntfp.org.in/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ụlọ ọrụ India]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230923013145/https://vn.ntfp.org/en/home/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ụlọ ọrụ Vietnam]
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; |Sustainable Development Goals
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Mission statement]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&quot;A shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;the17SDGs&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;881&quot;&gt;[https://sdgs.un.org/goals &quot;The 17 Goals&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;882&quot;&gt;''Sustainable Development Goals''. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;883&quot;&gt;UN&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;884&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 August&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Type of project
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nonprofit organization|Non-Profit]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Location
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Global
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Founder
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[United Nations]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Established
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2015
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Website
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[https://sdgs.un.org/ sdgs.un.org]&lt;/span&gt;
|}

{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 1|paragraphs=2|file=0}}
[[Usòrò:SDG logo UN.png|thumb|SDG logo]]
Ebumnuche ahụ nwere ebumnuche asaa na ihe ngosi 13 iji tụọ ọganihu. Ebumnuche ise a ga-esi na ya pụta bụ: ikpochapụ oke ịda ogbenye; Mbelata ịda ogbenye niile site na ọkara; mmejuputa usoro nchedo ọha; n'ịhụ na nha nhata ikike inwe, ọrụ ndị bụ isi, teknụzụ na akụ akụ na ụba; na iwulite nkwụsi ike na ọdachi gburugburu ebe obibi, akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze. Ebumnuche abụọ ahụ metụtara ụzọ mmejuputa SDG 1 bụ ịchịkọta akụrụngwa iji kwụsị ịda ogbenye; na nguzobe usoro iwu mkpochapụ ịda ogbenye na ọkwa niile.

Ebumnuche Sustainable Development Goals ma ọ bụ ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ mkpokọta nke ebumnuche iri na asaa jikọtara ọnụ nke e mere iji jee ozi dị ka &quot;atụmatụ ekekọrịtara maka udo na ọganihu maka ndị mmadụ na ụwa, ugbu a na n'ọdịnihu.&quot; SDG abụghị ịda ogbenye; efu agụụ; ezi ahụike na ịdị mma; agụmakwụkwọ dị mma; nhata nwoke na nwanyị; mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha; ike dị ọnụ ala ma dị ọcha; ezigbo ọrụ na uto akụ na ụba; ụlọ ọrụ, ihe ọhụrụ na akụrụngwa; ebelata oke nha anya; obodo na obodo na-adigide; oriri na mmepụta ihe dị mkpa; omume ihu igwe; ndu n'okpuru mmiri; ndu n'ala; udo, ikpe ziri ezi na ụlọ ọrụ siri ike; na mmekorita maka ebumnuche. SDG na-ekwusi ike na njikọ gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba nke mmepe na-adigide site n'itinye nkwado na etiti ha.

Emebere SDG na 2015 site n'aka otu United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) dịka akụkụ nke Post-2015 Development Agenda, bụ nke chọrọ imepụta usoro mmepe ụwa n'ọdịnihu iji nweta ebumnuche Millennium Development Goals, nke kwụsịrị n'afọ ahụ. A kọwapụtara ha n'ụzọ nkịtị wee nabata ha na mkpebi UNGA akpọrọ 2030 Agenda, nke a na-akpọ colloquially dị ka Agenda 2030. Na 6 Julaị 2017, e mere SDGs ka ọ rụọ ọrụ site na mkpebi UNGA nke na-achọpụta ebumnuche akọwapụtara maka ebumnuche ọ bụla ma na-enye ihe ngosi iji tụọ ọganihu. A ga-enweta ọtụtụ ebumnuche n'afọ 2030, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ enweghị ụbọchị njedebe. International Monetary Fund (IMF) ewepụtakwala ụzọ iji nweta SDG site n'inye nkwado ha na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, IMF na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ịda ogbenye na mba ndị na-emepe emepe na-enweghị ego site n'inye nkwado ego n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.

Enwere nsogbu na-agafe agafe na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị iche iche; dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka SDG 13 na omume ihu igwe, IPCC na-ahụ mmekọrịta siri ike na SDG 3 (ahụike), 7 (ike dị ọcha), 11 (obodo na obodo), 12 (nri na mmepụta ihe) na 14 (oké osimiri).: 70 N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị nkatọ na ndị na-ekiri ihe na-achọpụtakwa azụmaahịa dị n'etiti ebumnuche,: 67  dị ka n'etiti ịkwụsị agụụ na ịkwalite nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi. nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ihe isi ike na-enyocha ihe ngosi qualitative.

Ndị otu UN (United Nations) High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) na-enyocha SDGs, ọgbakọ kwa afọ a na-eme n'okpuru nkwado nke United Nations Economic and Social Council. Agbanyeghị, HLPF na-abịa na nsogbu nke ya n'ihi enweghị onye ndu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọdịmma mba dị iche iche.: 206  Iji kwado nleba anya nke agamnihu na mmejuputa SDG, ewepụtara SDG Tracker n'ịntanetị na June 2018 iji gosipụta data niile dị n'ofe niile. egosi. Ọrịa COVID-19 nwere nnukwu mmetụta ọjọọ na SDG 17 niile na 2020. Ntụle sayensị nke mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke SDG chọpụtara na 2022 na SDG nwere naanị mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere oke mgbanwe ruo ugbu a. Ma ọ dịkarịa ala, ha emetụtala ụzọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si aghọta ma na-ekwurịta banyere mmepe na-adigide.
SDG 2 nwere ebumnuche asatọ yana ihe ngosi 14 iji tụọ ọganihu. Ebumnuche ise a ga-esi na ya pụta bụ: ịkwụsị agụụ na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta nri; na-akwụsị ụdị nile nke erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ́; arụpụta ọrụ ugbo; usoro mmepụta nri na-adigide na omume ugbo na-agbanwe agbanwe; na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ osisi, osisi ndị a na-akọ na anụ ndị a na-akọ na anụ ụlọ; itinye ego, nyocha na teknụzụ. Ụzọ atọ e ji eme ihe e ji eme ihe gụnyere: ikwado mmachi ahia na mgbagha n'ahịa ọrụ ugbo n'ụwa na ahịa ngwaahịa nri na usoro ha.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 2|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

== Ịzụlite ya ==
[[Usòrò:United Nations General Assembly resolution A-RES-70-1.pdf|thumb|Ịgbanwe ụwa anyị: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN Resolution A/RES/70/1), nke nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ (October 2015)]]
[[Usòrò:Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe osise na-edepụta 17 Sustainable Development Goals]]
Na 25 Septemba 2015, mba 193 nke UN General Assembly nakweere 2030 Development Agenda akpọrọ &quot;Ịgbanwe ụwa anyị: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.&quot; Usoro a nwere paragraf 92. Paragraf nke 59 na-akọwapụta ebumnuche 17 Sustainable Development Goals yana ebumnuche 169 metụtara yana ihe ngosi 232.

Usoro nke UN na-edu gụnyere mba 193 ndị otu ya na ọha obodo zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mkpebi a bụ nkwekọrịta gọọmenti etiti sara mbara nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Post-2015 Development Agenda. SDG na-ewulite n'ụkpụrụ ekwekọrịtara na mkpebi A/RES/66/288, nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Ọdịnihu Anyị Chọrọ.&quot; Nke a bụ akwụkwọ anaghị ejikọta ya n'ihi Mgbakọ Rio+20 emere na 2012.

== Mmejuputa ==
[[Usòrò:Finanzierung_der_Ziele_für_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Ntụnyere ọnụahịa maka Ihe mgbaru ọsọ UN]]
Mmezu nke SDG malitere n'ụwa niile na 2016. Usoro a nwekwara ike ịkpọ Localizing SDGs. Na 2019 António Guterres (onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations) nyere oku zuru ụwa ọnụ maka afọ iri nke ime ihe iji wepụta ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable site na 2030. Afọ iri a ga-adị site na 2020 ruo 2030. Atụmatụ bụ na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN ga-akpọkọta ikpo okwu kwa afọ maka ịkwọ ụgbọala afọ iri nke ime ihe.

Enwere isi ihe abụọ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri maka mmejuputa SDGs: steeti na ndị na-abụghị steeti. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na steeti gụnyere gọọmentị mba na ndị isi obodo, ebe ndị na-abụghị steeti bụ ụlọ ọrụ na ọha obodo.: 80  Iso obodo na inye ikike dị mkpa mana enwerekwa mmasị dị iche iche na otu a.: 80

Iwulite mmekorita ọhụrụ bara uru. Agbanyeghị, SDG ejighị n'aka n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro yana ebum n'obi mee ya iji nye ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ohere dị ukwuu. Ya mere, ha nwere ike ịkọwa ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị iche iche na mgbe mgbe dị ka mmasị ha si dị.

== Ihe dị n'ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na asaa ==

=== Ọdịdị nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ebumnuche na ihe ngosi ===
E bipụtara ndepụta nke ebumnuche na ihe ngosi maka nke ọ bụla n'ime 17 SDGs na mkpebi UN na July 2017. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọ bụla na-enwekarị ebumnuche 8-12, na ebumnuche ọ bụla nwere n'etiti ihe ngosi otu na anọ iji tụọ ọganihu n'iru iru ebumnuche, yana nkezi nke 1.5 egosi kwa iche. Ebumnuche ndị a bụ ebumnuche nsonaazụ (ọnọdụ a ga-enweta) ma ọ bụ ụzọ ebumnuche mmejuputa. E webatara ebumnobi ikpeazụ ndị a n'oge na usoro mkparita uka SDG iji gboo nchegbu nke ụfọdụ ndị otu mba gbasara otu a ga-esi nweta SDGs. Ebumnuche 17 bụ kpam kpam gbasara otu a ga-esi nweta SDGs.

Usoro ọnụọgụ nke ebumnuche bụ nke a: Ebumnuche nsonaazụ na-eji ọnụọgụ, ebe ebumnuche mmejuputa na-eji mkpụrụedemede obere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, SDG 6 nwere ngụkọta nke ebumnuche 8. Isii nke mbụ bụ ebumnuche nsonaazụ na akpọrọ Targets 6.1 ruo 6.6. Ebumnobi abụọ ikpeazụ bụ ụzọ nke ebumnuche mmejuputa atumatu ma akpọrọ ya dị ka ebumnuche 6.a na 6.b.

Weebụsaịtị United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) na-enye ndepụta ihe ngosi gọọmentị dị ugbu a nke gụnyere mmelite niile ruo oge nnọkọ Statistical Commission nke 51st na Machị 2020.

Ihe ngosi maka ebumnuche nwere ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmepe usoro na nnweta data na ọkwa ụwa. Na mbido, ụfọdụ ihe ngosi (nke a na-akpọ Tier 3 egosi) enweghị usoro ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, a na-edozi usoro ihe ngosi zuru ụwa ọnụ ka agbahapụ, dochie ma ọ bụ nụchaa ihe ngosi Tier 3. Dịka nke 17 Julaị 2020, enwere ihe ngosi 231 pụrụ iche.

Data ma ọ bụ ozi ga-agwa ndị otu niile adịghị ike dị ka ụmụaka, ndị agadi agadi, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ụmụ amaala, ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ, na ndị chụpụrụ n'ime obodo.

==== Nnyocha nke ihe ngosi ====
A tụlere usoro ihe ngosi ahụ nke ọma na nnọkọ 51st nke United Nations Statistical Commission na 2020. A ga-enyocha ya ọzọ na 2025. Na nnọkọ 51st nke Statistical Commission (nke e mere na New York City site na 3–6 Maachị 2020) mkpokọta. nke mgbanwe 36 n'usoro ihe ngosi zuru ụwa ọnụ ka atụpụtara maka nleba anya nke kọmitii ahụ. A dochiri, degharịa ma ọ bụ hichapụ ụfọdụ ihe ngosi. N'etiti 15 Ọktoba 2018 na 17 Eprel 2020, e mere mgbanwe ndị ọzọ na egosi. N'agbanyeghị nha ha na-aga n'ihu na-ejupụta na ihe isi ike.

=== Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ 17 na ebumnuche ha na ihe ngosi ha ===
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Australia|paragraphs=2-3}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 1: Enweghị ịda ogbenye ====
[[Usòrò:Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg|alt=Sustainable Development Goal 1|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|124x124px|SDG 1]]
SDG 1 bụ: &quot;Kwụsị ịda ogbenye n'ụdị ya niile n'ebe niile.&quot; Inweta SDG 1 ga-akwụsị oke ịda ogbenye n'ụwa niile n'afọ 2030. Otu n'ime ihe na-egosi ya bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'okpuru oke ịda ogbenye. A na-enyocha data ahụ site na mmekọahụ, afọ, ọkwa ọrụ, na ọnọdụ mpaghara (obodo / ime obodo).{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Nigeria|paragraphs=2|file=no}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 2: agụụ efu (Ọ dịghị agụụ) ====
[[Usòrò:Tasty_Food_Abundance_in_Healthy_Europe.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|A ga-eme ka onye ọ bụla nwee nri zuru oke na nke dị mma.]]
SDG 2 bụ: &quot;Kwụsị agụụ, nweta nchekwa nri na mmezi nri, ma kwalite ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-2-zero-hunger.html|title=Goal 2: Zero hunger|work=UNDP|accessdate=13 April 2017|archivedate=30 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063934/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-2-zero-hunger.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe na-egosi ihe mgbaru ọsọ a bụ dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmụba nke nri na-adịghị mma, mmụka nke enweghị nri siri ike, na mmụba ya nke nkwụsịtụ n'etiti ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon|paragraphs=2|file=no}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke atọ: Ahụike na ọdịmma dị mma ====
SDG 3 bụ ka: &quot;Họrọ ndụ ahụike ma kwalite ọdịmma maka mmadụ niile n'afọ niile.&quot; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa ebe a bụ ogologo ndụ yana ọnwụ ụmụaka na nne. Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ bụ ọmụmaatụ ọnwụ sitere na mmerụ ahụ okporo ụzọ, mmụba nke ụtaba ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ igbu onwe.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 3|paragraphs=2|file=0|tables=2021}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke anọ: agụmakwụkwọ dị mma ====
[[Usòrò:(2011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report)_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp,_Kenya_1.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Kakuma, Kenya]]
SDG 4 bụ: &quot;Hụkwa n'aka na agụmakwụkwọ dị mma gụnyere yana nha anya ma kwalite ohere mmụta ogologo ndụ maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Ihe egosi maka ebumnuche a bụ ọmụmaatụ ọnụọgụ ndị bịara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, ọnụego mmecha nke ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, isonye na agụmakwụkwọ mahadum na ndị ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a na-eleba anya nrịbama ngụsị akwụkwọ iji hụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-abaghị uru agaghị efu (anakọtara data na &quot;nwoke / nwoke, ime obodo / obodo, ala / n'elu akụ na ụba na ndị ọzọ dị ka ọnọdụ nkwarụ, ụmụ amaala&quot;) . Enwekwara ihe ngosi n'akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere (ịnweta ọkụ eletrik, ịntanetị, kọmputa, mmiri ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ mposi wdg).{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 4|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ise: Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị ====
SDG 5 bụ ka: &quot;Nweta nha anya nwoke na nwanyị ma nye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ike.&quot; Ihe ngosi gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ inwe usoro iwu dabara adaba yana nnochite anya ụmụ nwanyị na nzuko omeiwu nke mba ma ọ bụ n'ime ndị na-akpa nkata mpaghara. Ọnụọgụ gbasara alụmdi na nwunye mmanye na ibibi/mgbu ụmụ nwanyị (FGM/C) sokwa n'ihe ngosi ọzọ.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 5|paragraphs=3|file=0}}

==== Ebumnuche 6: Mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha ====
[[Usòrò:School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_(Bangladesh)_(38403428742).jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile: Ụlọ mposi ụlọ akwụkwọ (ụlọ akwụkwọ IPH na kọleji, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh)]]
SDG 6 bụ ka: &quot;Hụkwa na enwere na njikwa mmiri na ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Mmemme nleba anya ọnụ (JMP) nke WHO na UNICEF bụ maka ileba anya n'ọganihu iji nweta ebumnobi abụọ mbụ nke ebumnuche a. Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ebumnuche a bụ pasentị nke ndị mmadụ na-eji mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ a na-achịkwa nke ọma, ma nwee ohere ịdị ọcha ejirikwaghị nke ọma. JMP kọrọ na 2017 na ijeri mmadụ 4.5 anaghị ejikwa ịdị ọcha n'enweghị nsogbu. Ihe ngosi ọzọ na-eleba anya na oke mmiri mkpofu ụlọ na nke ụlọ ọrụ nke a na-edozi n'enweghị nsogbu.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 6|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke asaa: Ike dị ọnụ ala na nke dị ọcha ====
SDG 7 bụ: &quot;Hụkwa na ịnweta ike dị ọnụ ala, ntụkwasị obi, nkwado na ume ọgbara ọhụrụ maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Otu n'ime ihe na-egosi ihe mgbaru ọsọ a bụ pasentị nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta ọkụ eletrik (ọganihu n'ịgbasa ohere eletrik e meela n'ọtụtụ mba, karịsịa India, Bangladesh, na Kenya). Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ na-eleba anya na ike mmeghari ume ike na arụmọrụ ike.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 7|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke asatọ: Ọrụ dị mma na uto akụ na ụba ====
SDG 8 bụ: &quot;Ịkwalite ọganihu akụ na ụba na-adịgide adịgide, na-agụnye yana na-adigide, ọrụ zuru oke ma na-arụpụta ihe na ezigbo ọrụ maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ebumnuche a gụnyere uto akụ na ụba na mba ndị mepere emepe na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ezigbo GDP kwa onye ọ bụla. Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke enweghị ọrụ ntorobịa na mmerụ ahụ n'ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwoke.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 8|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ebumnuche 9: Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ihe ọhụrụ na akụrụngwa ====
SDG 9 bụ: &quot;Iwulite akụrụngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, kwalite mmepụta mmepụta ihe na-adigide na nsonye, na ịkwalite mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ.&quot; Ndị na-egosi na ebumnuche a gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ ọnụọgụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ichepụta ihe ma ọ bụ ndị bi na mpaghara netwọk ekwentị kpuchiri ma ọ bụ ndị nwere ịntanetị. Ihe ngosi nke ejikọrọ na mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ &quot;CO2 emissions per unit nke uru agbakwunyere.&quot;{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 9|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke iri: Mbelata ahaghị nhata ====
SDG 10 bụ: &quot;Berelata enweghị nhata ego n'ime na n'etiti mba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities.html|title=Goal 10: Reduced inequalities|work=UNDP|accessdate=12 March 2018|archivedate=30 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063954/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka SDG a bụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ego, akụkụ nke okike na nkwarụ, yana iwu maka ịkwaga na ịgagharị nke ndị mmadụ.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 10|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 11: Obodo na obodo ndị na-adịgide adịgide ====
SDG 11 bụ: &quot;Mee ka obodo na ebe obibi mmadụ bụrụ nke gụnyere, nchekwa, na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ga-adigide.&quot; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ebumnuche a bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ bi n'ime ime obodo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe na-enwe ohere ịnweta ụgbọ njem ọha, na oke ebe ewulitere maka onye ọ bụla.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 11|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 12: Ojiji na mmepụta ====
SDG 12 bụ: &quot;Hụkwa na usoro oriri na mmepụta ga-adigide.&quot; Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-egosi bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwá ọrụ amụma mba iji kwalite oriri na-adịgide adịgide na usoro mmepụta ihe.: 14  Nke ọzọ bụ enyemaka mmanụ ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. nwere ike inye aka imezu ebumnuche ahụ.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 12|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 13: Omume ihu igwe ====
SDG 13 bụ ka: &quot;Mee ihe ngwa ngwa iji luso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ na mmetụta ya site n'ịchịkwa ihe ọkụkụ na ịkwalite mmepe na ume ọhụrụ.&quot; Na 2021 ruo mmalite 2023, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) bipụtara akụkọ nyocha nke isii nke na-enyocha ozi sayensị, teknụzụ na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 13|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 14: Ndụ n'okpuru mmiri ====
SDG 14 bụ: &quot;Chekwaa ma jiri oke osimiri, oke osimiri na akụrụngwa mmiri mee ihe maka mmepe na-adigide.&quot; Mgbalị ndị a na-eme ugbu a iji chebe oke osimiri, gburugburu mmiri na obere ndị ọkụ azụ anaghị egbo mkpa ọ dị ichebe ihe onwunwe. Mmụba okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri na ọnwụ oxygen na-eme n'otu oge na acidification nke oké osimiri ma bụrụ ihe atọ na-egbu egbu nke nrụgide mgbanwe ihu igwe na gburugburu mmiri.
[[Usòrò:Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg|thumb|Nusa Lembongan Reef]]
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 14|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 15: Ndụ n'ala ====
SDG 15 bụ: &quot;Chebe, weghachi ma kwalite ojiji nke gburugburu ụwa na-aga n'ihu, jikwaa oke ọhịa, ịlụso ọzara ọgụ, na ịkwụsị ma weghachi mbibi ala na ịkwụsị mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche.&quot; Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mpaghara ọhịa fọdụrụnụ, ọzara na ihe egwu ikpochapụ ụdị anụmanụ bụ ihe atụ na-egosi ebumnuche a.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 15|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 16: Udo, ikpe ziri ezi na ụlọ ọrụ siri ike ====
SDG 16 bụ: &quot;Ịkwalite obodo dị n'udo na nsonye maka mmepe na-adigide, nye mmadụ niile ohere ikpe ziri ezi ma wulite ụlọ ọrụ dị irè, na-aza ajụjụ na nke gụnyere na ọkwa niile.&quot; Ọnụego ndebanye aha ọmụmụ na ụbara nke iri ngo bụ ihe atụ abụọ nke ihe nleba anya gụnyere na ebumnuche a.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 17|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 17: Njikọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ ====
SDG 17 bụ ka: &quot;Mee ka ụzọ mmejuputa iwu sikwuo ike ma mee ka mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmepe na-adigide.&quot; A na-ahụ ịbawanye mmekorita mba ụwa dị ka ihe dị mkpa iji nweta nke ọ bụla n'ime ebumnuche iri na isii gara aga. A na-ahụta mmepe mmekọrịta ọtụtụ ndị otu iji kesaa ihe ọmụma, nka, teknụzụ na nkwado ego dị ka ihe dị oke mkpa maka ọganihu zuru oke nke SDGs. Ebumnobi a gụnyere imeziwanye imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ebe ugwu-ndịda na ndịda-South, yana mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nkeonwe nke metụtara ọha mmadụ ka a kpọtụrụ aha kpọmkwem.
 

== Nsogbu na njikọ aka ==
[[Usòrò:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(Lima,_Peru)_1.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ndị na-eto eto na-ejide ọkọlọtọ SDG na Lima, Peru]]
Iji nweta mmepe na-adigide, akụkụ atọ ma ọ bụ akụkụ atọ kwesịrị ịchịkọta ọnụ: Akụkụ akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe dị oke mkpa ma dabere n'otu. Ọganihu ga-achọ nyocha multidisciplinary na trans-disciplinary n'akụkụ atọ niile. Nke a na-esi ike mgbe ndị isi ọchịchị akwadoghị ya.

Okwu igbubi oke gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ nha anya nwoke na nwanyị, agụmakwụkwọ, omenala na ahụike. Ndị a bụ naanị ọmụmaatụ ụfọdụ njikọ dị iche iche dị na SDGs.

=== Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị ===
Nkwekọrịta zuru ebe niile bụ na agamnihu na SDG niile ga-akwụsị ma ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nha anya nwoke na nwanyị, ma mesoo ya nke ọma. Ndị SDG na-elegara ndị na-eme amụma yana ndị isi ngalaba na ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ maka ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị. Nkwupụta sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche, dị ka Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), UN Women na World Pensions Forum, kwuru na itinye ego n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na akụ na ụba. Ntinye ego mmepe obodo na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-agafekarị oke mbụ ha.

A na-ahazi nha anya nwoke na nwanyị n'ime usoro SDG site n'ịhụ na a na-anakọta data ekewapụrụ nwoke na nwanyị dịka enwere ike.: 11

=== Agụmakwụkwọ na omenala ===
[[Usòrò:Training_on_Education_for_sustainable_development.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọzụzụ na agụmakwụkwọ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na mpaghara Kasese Uganda]]
Achọpụtara agụmakwụkwọ maka mmepe na-adigide (ESD) nke ọma na SDG dị ka akụkụ nke Target 4.7 nke SDG na agụmakwụkwọ. UNESCO na-akwalite mmụta mmụta nwa amaala zuru ụwa ọnụ (GCED) dị ka ụzọ mgbakwunye. Mmụta maka mmepe na-adigide dị mkpa maka SDG 16 ndị ọzọ niile.

A na-ezo aka na omenala n'ụzọ doro anya na SDG 11 Target 4 (&quot;Mee mgbalị iji chekwaa na ichekwa ihe nketa ụwa na omenala&quot;). Agbanyeghị, a na-ahụ omenala ka isiokwu na-agafe agafe n'ihi na ọ na-emetụta ọtụtụ SDGs. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, omenala na-ekere òkè na ebumnuche SDG ebe ha na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwụghachi azụ (n'ime SDG 11, 12 na 16), ọganihu na ibi ndụ (n'ime SDG 8), nsonye na nsonye (n'ime SDG 11 na 16): 2

=== Ahụike ===
SDG 1 ruo 6 na-eleba anya ozugbo na ndịiche ahụike, ọkachasị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Ebumnobi isii ndị a na-eleba anya n'okwu ndị dị mkpa na ahụike ọha zuru ụwa ọnụ, ịda ogbenye, agụụ na nchekwa nri, ahụike, agụmakwụkwọ, nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na ike ụmụ nwanyị, na mmiri na ịdị ọcha. Ndị ọrụ ahụike ọha nwere ike iji ebumnobi ndị a wepụta atụmatụ nke ha ma mee atụmatụ maka obere atụmatụ maka otu ha.

Njikọ dị n'etiti ebumnuche mmepe dị iche iche na ahụike ọha dị ọtụtụ ma guzobekwa nke ọma:

* SDG 1: Ịdị n'okpuru akara ịda ogbenye na-adabere na nsonaazụ ahụike na-adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịka njọ maka ndị bi na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ebe oke ịda ogbenye bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NCCP {{!}} Child Poverty|url=http://www.nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|work=www.nccp.org|archivedate=10 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810115746/http://nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwatakịrị a mụrụ n'ime ịda ogbenye nwere ohere okpukpu abụọ karịa ịnwụ tupu ya eruo afọ ise ma e jiri ya tụnyere nwatakịrị si n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNhealth2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Health – United Nations Sustainable Development|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/|accessdate=25 November 2015|work=United Nations Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SDG 2: Mmetụta ọjọọ nke agụụ na [[Agụụ|nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ]] nke nwere ike ibilite site na nsogbu sistemụ na nchekwa nri dị oke egwu. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-eme atụmatụ na pasent 12.9 nke ndị bi na mba ndị na-emepe emepe enweghị nri na-edozi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hunger and food security – United Nations Sustainable Development|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/|accessdate=25 November 2015|work=United Nations Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SDG 4 na 5: Enwetabeghị ikpe ziri ezi agụmakwụkwọ n'ụwa. Nke a na-egbochi mbọ ahụike ọha na eze, ebe enweghị agụmakwụkwọ nwere ike iduga na nsonaazụ ahụike dị njọ. Nke a na-egosi site n'aka ụmụ nke ndị nne na-enweghị agụmakwụkwọ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala karịa ụmụaka ndị nne mụrụ na ọkwa praịmarị ma ọ bụ karịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNhealth2015&quot; /&gt;

=== Njikọ ===
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti SDG bụ &quot;ezigbo ndị na-emegide ahia ahia.&quot;: 67  N'ihe gbasara SDG 13 gbasara omume ihu igwe, IPCC na-ahụ mmekọrịta siri ike karịsịa maka SDGs 3 (ahụike), 7 (ike dị ọcha), 11 (obodo na obodo), 12 (nri na mmepụta ihe) na 14 (oké osimiri):  70

Iji zute SDG 13 na SDG ndị ọzọ, a na-achọ itinye ego na-adịte aka na ihe ọhụrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ: iji mebie ngwaahịa isi obodo - ike, ụlọ ọrụ na akụrụngwa njem - ma hụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ọdịnihu; iji chekwaa ma kwalite isi obodo - oke ohia, oke osimiri, na ala mmiri; na ịzụ ndị mmadụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na-anọpụ iche na ihu igwe.

== Ihe ịma aka ==

=== Ọtụtụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ na nsogbu n'ozuzu ===
Ndị ọkà mmụta akọwapụtala ntụpọ dị na nhazi nke SDG maka akụkụ ndị a: &quot;ọnụọgụ ebumnuche, nhazi nke usoro ihe mgbaru ọsọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro nhazi nke na-abụghị ndị isi), njikọ dị n'etiti ihe mgbaru ọsọ, nkọwapụta ma ọ bụ nha nke ebumnuche, asụsụ e ji mee ihe n'edemede ahụ, na ịdabere na mmepe akụ na ụba neoliberal dabere na mmepe na-adigide dị ka isi nghazi ha.&quot;: 161

Ndị SDG nwere ike ijide ọnọdụ dị ugbu a wee daa n'iwepụta nnukwu ebumnuche mmepe. A kọwawo ọnọdụ dị ugbu a dị ka &quot;kewapụ ọdịmma mmadụ na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, enweghị ike ịgbanwe ọchịchị na ịṅa ntị na ahia ahia, ihe kpatara ịda ogbenye na [[Environmental degradation|mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi]], na ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha mmadụ.&quot;

Otu nkọwa na The Economist na 2015 rụrụ ụka na ebumnuche 169 maka SDG dị ọtụtụ, na-akọwa ha dị ka ndị na-agbasawanye, echiche na-ezighị ezi na ọgbaghara ma e jiri ya tụnyere Mgbaru Ọhụụ Mmepe Millennium asatọ (MDGs).

=== Mgbanwe ndị a na-ekwughị n'ụzọ doro anya ===
Azụmahịa dị n'etiti SDG 17 nwere ike igbochi mmezu ha.: 66  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị a bụ azụmaahịa atọ siri ike ịtụle: &quot;Olee otu a ga-esi mekọrịta ịkwụsị agụụ na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi? (SDG lekwasịrị anya 2.3 na 15.2) Kedu ka uto akụ na ụba ga-esi dị. a ga-emekọrịta ya na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi? (SDG lekwasịrị anya 9.2 na 9.4) Kedu ka enwere ike isi mee ka enweghị ahaghị nhata ego na uto akụ na ụba? (SDG lekwasịrị anya 10.1 na 8.1).&quot;

SDG adịghị ekwu kpọmkwem esemokwu dị n'etiti uto akụ na ụba na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi. Kama nke ahụ, ha na-ekwusi ike &quot;nkwupụta ogologo oge mana enweghị atụ gbasara nbibi na nrụpụta akụrụngwa dị ka ihe ngwọta teknụzụ maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.&quot;: 145  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọganihu akụ na ụba ụwa na-aga n'ihu nke pasent 3 (SDG 8) nwere ike ọ gaghị ekwekọrịta na ebumnuche nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ihi na Ọnụego achọrọ maka ngbanwe akụ na ụba zuru ụwa ọnụ zuru ụwa ọnụ dị elu karịa obodo ọ bụla enwetagoro n'oge gara aga.

=== Enweghị ike na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi ===
[[Usòrò:SDG_wedding_cake.jpg|thumb|SDG wedding cake model: Ụzọ isi lee akụkụ akụ na ụba, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi nke Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).&lt;ref name=&quot;Resilience-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The SDGs wedding cake|url=https://www.stockholmresilience.org/research/research-news/2016-06-14-the-sdgs-wedding-cake.html|accessdate=2022-07-12|work=www.stockholmresilience.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 15|paragraphs=2|file=0}}Ndị ọkà mmụta akatọọla na SDGs &quot;adịghị aghọta na mbara ala, ndị mmadụ na ihe gbasara ọganihu bụ akụkụ nke otu usoro ụwa, na nchebe nke iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mbara ala ekwesịghị ịbụ ụzọ isi nweta njedebe, kama ọ bụ njedebe n'onwe ya.&quot;: 147 SDGs &quot;kadoro n'echiche na uto akụ na ụba bụ ntọala iji nweta ogidi niile nke mmepe na-adigide.&quot;: 147  Ha anaghị ebute nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.: 144

SDGs gụnyere SDG atọ lekwasịrị anya gburugburu ebe obibi, nke bụ ebumnuche 13, 14 na 15 ( ihu igwe, ala na oke osimiri), mana enweghị ebumnuche gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ mbara ala.

Ihe mgbochi gburugburu ebe obibi na oke mbara ala enweghị atụ n'ime SDGs. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu esi ahazi SDG dị ugbu a na-eduga na mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma n'etiti nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi na SDGs.

A katọrọ SDG maka enweghị ike ichekwa ụdị ndụ dị iche iche. Ha nwere ike n'amaghị ama kwalite mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi n'aha mmepe na-adigide.

Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-arụkwa ụka na ihe SDG na-elekwasị anya na mmepe na-adigide neoliberal na-emebi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mbara ala na ikpe ziri ezi. Ebumnuche abụọ a (ịkwado ntụkwasị obi mbara ala na ikpe ziri ezi) ga-achọ oke maka uto akụ na ụba.: 145

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị atụpụtala ụzọ dị iche iche isi lebara adịghị ike anya gbasara nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi na SDGs:

* Nnyocha nke mgbanwe ndị dị mkpa iji nwetakwuo mkpa nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-akwado mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, na-enyere aka iduzi nhazi na mgbanwe usoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Reyers|first=Belinda|date=June 2017|title=Essential Variables help to focus Sustainable Development Goals monitoring|journal=Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability|volume=26-27|pages=97–105|doi=10.1016/j.cosust.2017.05.003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nlebara anya maka ọnọdụ nke usoro biophysical n'ebe dị iche iche (dịka, osimiri osimiri osimiri, ugwu ugwu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Scown|first=Murray W.|date=November 2020|title=The Sustainable Development Goals need geoscience|journal=Nature Geoscience|volume=13|issue=11|pages=714–715|doi=10.1038/s41561-020-00652-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kulonen|first=Aino|date=2019|title=Spatial context matters in monitoring and reporting on Sustainable Development Goals: Reflections based on research in mountain regions|journal=GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society|volume=28|issue=2|pages=90–94|doi=10.14512/gaia.28.2.5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nghọta ka mma nke nzaghachi gafee ihe dị na mbara igwe (dịka, site na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ) na oge (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-emetụta ọgbọ ndị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu) nke nwere ike ikpebi ihe ịga nke ọma ma ọ bụ ọdịda nke SDGs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Reyers|first=Belinda|date=August 2020|title=Global targets that reveal the social–ecological interdependencies of sustainable development|journal=Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution|volume=4|issue=8|pages=1011–1019|doi=10.1038/s41559-020-1230-6|pmid=32690904}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkụ omume ọma ===
Enwere nchegbu banyere usoro ziri ezi nke SDGs: ha na-anọgide &quot;na-akwado site na echiche siri ike (Western) nke modernist nke mmepe: ọchịchị nke ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ha (anthropocentricism), onye ọ bụla, asọmpi, nnwere onwe (ikike karịa ọrụ), ọdịmma onwe onye. , nkwenye n'ahịa nke na-eduga na ọdịmma mkpokọta, ihe onwunwe nke onwe (nke usoro iwu chebere), ụgwọ ọrụ dabere na uru, ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya, ọnụọgụ nke uru, na ngwá ọrụ nke ọrụ.&quot;:  146

Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-adọ aka na ntị na enwere ike iji SDGs mebie azụmahịa-dị ka ọ na-adị site n'iji nkwuwa okwu nkwado nkwado SDG jikọtara ya. Nnyocha nyocha nke meta-analysis na 2022 chọpụtara na: &quot;Enwere ọbụna ihe akaebe na-apụta na SDG nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ, site n'inye &quot;enyo enyo nke ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike&quot; nke na-eme ka eziokwu nke nkwụsị, njedebe nwụrụ anwụ na azụmahịa-dị ka- mbụ.&quot;: 220

=== Nsogbu na ịchọpụta ihe ngosi dị mma ===
Banyere ebumnuche nke SDGs, enwere ihe akaebe na-adịghị ike na-ejikọ ụzọ mmejuputa ya na nsonaazụ. Ebumnuche maka ụzọ mmejuputa iwu (ndị e ji akwụkwọ ozi, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Target 6.a) bụ ndị a na-echepụtaghị nke ọma na haziri nke ọma, yana ịchụso akara ngosi ha ga-esi ike.

=== Mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19 na nsogbu ndị ọzọ ===
Ọrịa COVID-19 belatara ọganihu iji nweta SDGs. Na nnọkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị UN High-level Forum on Sustainable Development na July 2023, ndị ọkà okwu kwuru na ọrịa na-efe efe na ọtụtụ ọgba aghara zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eyi ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ọganihu na SDGs.

== Usoro nlekota ==
[[Usòrò:Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg|alt=|thumb|Mba ndị kacha nso izute SDGs (na-acha anụnụ anụnụ) na ndị nwere nnukwu ihe ịma aka fọdụrụnụ (na-enweghị ntụpọ nke anụnụ anụcha) na 2018 ]]

=== Nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu nke UN maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (HLPF) ===
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 17|paragraphs=2|file=0}}Nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (HLPF) nọchiri Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Development Sustainable na 2012.: 206  O kwesịrị ịbụ &quot;ebe nzukọ mgbe niile maka gọọmentị na ndị nnọchiteanya na-abụghị steeti iji nyochaa ọganihu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmepe na-adigide.&quot;: 206  Nzukọ ndị a na-eme n'okpuru nkwado nke United Nations Economic and Social Council. Na Julaị 2020 nzukọ a mere n'ịntanetị na nke mbụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. Isiokwu a bụ &quot;Agbara ngwa ngwa na ụzọ mgbanwe: ịghọta afọ iri nke ime ihe na nnyefe maka mmepe na-adigide&quot; ma nabata nkwupụta minista.

A na-ebipụta akụkọ ọganihu dị elu maka SDG niile n'ụdị akụkọ sitere n'aka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations. Nke kacha ọhụrụ bụ site na Eprel 2020.

Agbanyeghị, HLPF nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu. O nwebeghị ike ịkwalite njikọta n'usoro. Ihe kpatara nke a gụnyere ikike ya sara mbara yana nke edoghị anya yana enweghị akụrụngwa yana ọdịmma mba dị iche iche. Ya mere, usoro akuko a bụ ọkachasị naanị ikpo okwu maka mkpesa afọ ofufo na mmụta ndị ọgbọ n'etiti gọọmentị.

=== Ngwá ọrụ nlekota na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ===
Ewepụtara SDG-Tracker mbipụta n'ịntanetị na June 2018 wee gosipụta data n'ofe ihe ngosi niile dị. Ọ dabere na ụwa anyị na nchekwa data data ma dabere na Mahadum Oxford. Mbipụta a nwere mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ ma na-enyocha ma ụwa ọ na-enwe ọganihu na SDGs. Ọ na-achọ ime ka data dị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ 17 dị na nghọta nye ndị na-ege ntị. SDG-Tracker na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ụwa dị ugbu a (n'oge 2019) dị anya na imezu ebumnuche.

Ndekọ SDG zuru ụwa ọnụ na akụkọ dashboards bụ mbipụta mbụ iji soro arụmọrụ mba na ebumnuche 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Mbipụta kwa afọ, nke Bertelsmann Stiftung na SDSN mebere, gụnyere ọkwa na dashboard nke na-egosi isi ihe ịma aka maka obodo ọ bụla n'ihe gbasara itinye SDGs. Mbipụta ahụ gosikwara nyocha nke mbọ gọọmentị iji mejuputa SDGs.

== Akụkọ banyere ọganihu ==

=== Ọnọdụ zuru oke ===
Akụkọ sitere na United Nations (dịka ọmụmaatụ UN Global Sustainable Development Report na 2019) yana ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-enyocha ọganihu na SDG egosila ugboro ugboro na ụwa enweghị ike imezu ọtụtụ ebumnuche site na 2030: 41  (ma ọ bụ tupu mgbe ahụ). maka ebumnuche ndị ahụ nwere ebumnuche mbụ ma). Nke a na-akpọ ụwa adịghị n'ụzọ.: 41  Nke kachasị mkpa - nke na-agafe ọtụtụ SDG - na-arị elu ahaghị nhata, mgbanwe ihu igwe na-aga n'ihu na ụbara ọnwụ nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche.: 41  Na mgbakwunye, enwere mgbanwe n'etiti mbara ala ókè nke Ụwa na ọchịchọ maka akụ na ụba na ọdịmma; A kọwawo nke a dị ka ndị a: &quot;usoro ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ụwa na nke okike enweghị ike ịkwado ọchịchọ maka ọdịmma mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke agbakwunyere na SDGs.&quot;: 41

N'ihi nsogbu akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị iche iche, ọtụtụ mba na-ahụ nnukwu mbelata na ọganihu e nwetara. N'Eshia dịka ọmụmaatụ, data na-egosi enweghị ọganihu na ebumnuche 2, 8,10,11, na 15. Ụzọ a tụrụ aro ka ị nweta SDG bụ: &quot;Tụpụta ihe ndị ka mkpa, lekwasị anya n'ịkwado akụkụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke SDGs, ghọta otú e si eme ya. SDG na-arụ ọrụ dị ka sistemụ enweghị ike kewaa, na-achọkwa mmekọrịta. &quot;

=== Ịtụle mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke SDGs ===
Ntụle sayensị ewepụtara na 2022 tụlere mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke SDGs. Ọ tụlere ihe karịrị akụkọ sayensị 3,000, ọkachasị sitere na sayensị mmekọrịta ọha. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ lere anya mkparịta ụka nwere ike ime, ụkpụrụ na mmetụta ụlọ ọrụ. Akọwapụtara ọnụnọ ụdị mmetụta atọ niile n'ime usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka mmetụta mgbanwe, nke bụ ebumnuche ikpeazụ nke Agenda 2030.

Mmetụta mkparịta ụka metụtara mgbanwe na arụmụka zuru ụwa ọnụ na nke mba na-eme ka ha kwekọọ na SDG. Mmetụta nkịtị ga-abụ ngbanwe na usoro omebe iwu yana usoro iwu na atumatu kwekọrọ, yana n'ihi, SDGs. Mmetụta ụlọ ọrụ ga-abụ ịmepụta ngalaba ọhụrụ, kọmitii, ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ mmemme jikọtara na mmezu nke SDG ma ọ bụ nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a.

Ntụleghachi ahụ chọpụtara na SDG nwere naanị mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere oke mgbanwe ruo ugbu a. Ha nwere naanị mmetụta mkparịta ụka. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwubi okwu sara mbara nke ụkpụrụ nke ịhapụ onye ọ bụla n'azụ na nkwupụta nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị na-akwado ọha na eze bụ mmetụta mkparịta ụka. Ndị SDG ebutelakwa mgbanwe mgbanwe usoro iwu na ụlọ ọrụ dịpụrụ adịpụ. Agbanyeghị, enwere obi abụọ zuru ebe niile na SDG nwere ike iduba ọha mmadụ gaa n'iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe gburugburu ebe obibi n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mbara ala. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mba n'ozuzu na-ebute ụzọ SDG nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze (dịka SDGs 8 ruo 12) karịa nke metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi (dịka SDGs 13 ruo 15), bụ nke dabara na atumatu mmepe obodo ha dị ogologo.

=== Mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19 ===
Ọrịa COVID-19 na 2020 nwere mmetụta na ebumnuche 17 niile. Ọ bụrụla &quot;nsogbu mmadụ na nke akụ na ụba kachasị njọ n'oge ndụ.&quot;: 2  Ọrịa ọjọọ na-eyi ọganihu e mere karịsịa maka SDG 3 (ahụike), SDG 4 (agụmakwụkwọ), SDG 6 (mmiri na ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile), SDG 10 ( belata ahaghị nhata) na SDG 17 (mmekọrịta).

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ndị na-adịghị mma ===
N'afọ 2019 ka ebipụtara akụkọ ọganihu ise na SDG 17. Atọ sitere na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Akụ na ụba na Ọha na Ọha na Mba (UNDESA), otu sitere na Bertelsmann Foundation na otu sitere na European Union. Ntụleghachi nke akụkọ ise ahụ tụlere nke ebumnobi iri na asaa ahụ e lebara anya na nke mbụ na nke fọdụrụ. Na nkọwa nke nchoputa, Basel Institute of Commons and Economics kwuru na Biodiversity, Peace and Social Inclusion bụ &quot;hapụrụ n'azụ&quot; site n'ihota ụkpụrụ SDGs gọọmentị bụ &quot;Ịhapụ onye ọ bụla n'azụ.&quot;

A na-arụ ụka na gọọmentị na azụmahịa na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọha na eze na akụ na ụba karịa ihe mgbaru ọsọ gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ 14 na 15) na nkwupụta okwu na omume.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+SDG preferences in the World's five major SDG reports in 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;BICE-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leaving Biodiversity, Peace and Social Inclusion behind|url=http://commons.ch/wp-content/uploads/Synopsis_SDG_Reports_Goals_Allocation_2019.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063855/http://commons.ch/wp-content/uploads/Synopsis_SDG_Reports_Goals_Allocation_2019.pdf|archivedate=30 December 2020|accessdate=27 November 2019|publisher=Basel Institute of Commons and Economics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!'''SDG Topic &amp;nbsp;'''
!'''Rank&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;'''
!'''Average Rank'''
!'''Mentions'''
|-
|Health
|1
|3.2
|1814
|-
|Energy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Water
|2
|4.0
|1328&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1328&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1784
|-
|Education
|3
|4.6
|1351
|-
|Poverty
|4
|6.2
|1095
|-
|Food
|5
|7.6
|693
|-
|Economic Growth
|6
|8.6
|387
|-
|Technology
|7
|8.8
|855
|-
|Inequality
|8
|9.2
|296
|-
|Gender Equality
|9
|10.0
|338
|-
|Hunger
|10
|10.6
|670
|-
|Justice
|11
|10.8
|328
|-
|Governance
|12
|11.6
|232
|-
|Decent Work
|13
|12.2
|277
|-
|Peace
|14
|12.4
|282
|-
|Clean Energy
|15
|12.6
|272
|-
|Life on Land
|16
|14.4
|250
|-
|Life below Water
|17
|15.0
|248
|-
|Social Inclusion
|18
|16.4
|22
|}

== Ihe Ndị Na-efu ==

=== Ọnụ ego ===
Otu United Nations na-eme atụmatụ na maka Africa, n'ịtụle mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ kọntinent ahụ, a ga-achọ ego ruru ijeri $1.3 kwa afọ iji nweta ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable Development n'Africa. International Monetary Fund na-ekwukwa na a ga-achọ ijeri $50 naanị iji kpuchie mmefu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Atụmatụ maka inye mmiri dị ọcha na idebe ihe ọcha maka ndị niile bi na kọntinent niile eruola ijeri US $200. Ụlọ akụ mba ụwa na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa ka e mee atụmatụ n'obodo site na mba, na-atụgharịkwa ya ugboro ugboro ka oge na-aga.

N'afọ 2014, UNCTAD mere atụmatụ ego a na-efu kwa afọ iji nweta ebumnuche UN na ijeri US $2.5 kwa afọ. Atụmatụ ọzọ sitere na 2018 (nke Basel Institute of Commons and Economics, nke na-eduzi World Social Capital Monitor) chọpụtara na iji ruo SDG niile nke a ga-achọ n'etiti US $ 2.5 na $ 5.0 trillion kwa afọ.

=== Ikike ego ===
N'afọ 2017 UN weputara otu Inter-Agency Task Force on Financing for Development (UN IATF na FfD) nke kpọrọ oku ka ha bịa mkparịta ụka ọha. The top-5 isi iyi nke ego maka mmepe e mere atụmatụ na 2018 ịbụ: ezigbo ọhụrụ sovereign ụgwọ OECD mba, agha mmefu, ukara abawanye sovereign ụgwọ OECD mba, remittances si expats na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, ukara mmepe enyemaka (ODA).

Rockefeller Foundation kwuputara n'afọ 2017 na &quot;Igodo nke nkwalite ego na imezu SDG bụ ịchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke $200+ trillion na ntinye ego nke onwe kwa afọ na-aga na mbọ mmepe, ọrụ enyemaka nwere oke ọrụ ọ ga-arụ n'ịkwalite mgbanwe a. &quot; Ndị na-enye ego buru ibu na-ekere òkè na ogbako echiche imewe nke Rockefeller Foundation kwadoro na &quot;ebe enwere mkpa dị mkpa iji nweta SDGs, ọdịda bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị mgbanwe dị ukwuu na otu anyị si aga maka ịkwado nnukwu mgbanwe mgbanwe.&quot;

Nnyocha meta nke e bipụtara na 2022 chọpụtara na enwere ntakịrị ihe akaebe na gọọmentị ewepụtala ego iji mejuputa SDGs, maka mmejuputa mba ma ọ bụ maka imekọ ihe ọnụ mba ụwa. SDG adịghị ka ọ gbanweela mmefu ego ọha na usoro nkenye ego n'ụzọ ọ bụla dị mkpa, ma e wezụga ụfọdụ ọnọdụ ọchịchị obodo. Enweghị ike ibugharị mmefu ego obodo n'ụzọ dị mfe.: 81

=== Ntinye ego na-akpali SDG ===
A na-atụ anya na nlekọta isi obodo ga-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke SDG atumatu iji &quot;gbanwee usoro akụ na ụba na ntinye ego na-adịgide adịgide site n'iji usoro SDG gafee klaasị niile.&quot; Echiche nke SDG Driven Investment nwetara ala ọzọ n'etiti ndị na-etinye ego na ụlọ ọrụ na 2019.

Na 2017, 2018 na mmalite 2019, World Pensions Council (WPC) nwere usoro mkparịta ụka ESG lekwasịrị anya (Environmental, Social and Governance) na ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ ezumike nka (ndị ntụkwasị obi) na ndị isi itinye ego sitere na mba G20. Ọtụtụ ndị isi itinye ego ezumike nka na ndị otu bọọdụ kwadoro na ha nọ na usoro nke ịnakwere ma ọ bụ na-emepe usoro ntinye ego nke SDG, na-enwe nnukwu ọchịchọ itinye ego n'ọrụ ọchịchị - karịsịa ma a bịa n'ihe gbasara ihu igwe, nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na ọha mmadụ.

Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ, agbanyeghị, na-adọ aka ná ntị maka nhọrọ ahọpụtara nke SDGs na ihe egwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị jikọtara na ntinye ego nkeonwe na ọnọdụ nke ụkọ ego ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu.

== Nkwurịta okwu na nkwado ==
[[Usòrò:Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg|thumb|[[Katherine Maher]], onye isi nchịkwa nke Wikimedia Foundation n'oge ahụ, na-ekwu maka &quot;Ọrụ nke ihe ọmụma n'efu n'ịkwalite SDGs&quot; na Stockholm, 2019]]
[[Usòrò:SDG-pyramid.jpg|thumb|Atụmatụ iji hụ SDGs iri na asaa na pyramid nwere isiokwu]]
Agenda 2030 ewepụtaghị ikike a kapịrị ọnụ maka ikwukọrịta SDG; Otú ọ dị, ma òtù mba ụwa na nke ime obodo achụọla nnukwu ihe onwunwe na-abụghị nke steeti iji kwusaa SDGS. Ụlọ ọrụ UN bụ akụkụ nke otu United Nations Development Group kpebiri ịkwado mgbasa ozi nọọrọ onwe ya iji zie ndị na-ege ntị SDG ọhụrụ ahụ. Mgbasa ozi a, Project Onye ọ bụla, nwere nkwado nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.

N'iji ederede nke ndị nnọchiteanya nọ na ọkwa UN depụtara, otu ndị ọkachamara nkwurịta okwu mepụtara akara ngosi maka ebumnuche ọ bụla. Ha wepụrụ aha 17 Sustainable Development Goals na ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ, wee gbaa ogbako na ọgbakọ iji gwa ndị na-ege ntị n'ụwa niile ebumnuche.

Mgbakọ Aarhus bụ mgbakọ mba mba ụwa nke emere na 2001, n'ụzọ doro anya iji gbaa ma kwalite itinye aka na ọha na eze dị irè n'ime mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Nghọta ozi gbasara mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na itinye aka na ndị ntorobịa bụ okwu abụọ metụtara ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable nke mgbakọ ahụ lebara anya.

=== Ndị ọkàiwu ===
Na 2019 wee na 2021, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations António Guterres họpụtara ndị nkwado 17 SDG. Ọrụ nke ndị ọha na eze bụ ịkwalite mmata, kpalie oke ochicho, na ịkwado maka ime ngwa ngwa na SDGs. Ha bụ:

; Ndị isi oche

* Mia Mottley, Praịm Minista nke [[Barbados]].
* Justin Trudeau, Praịm Minista nke [[Kánada|Canada]].

; Ndị otu

* Eze Nwanyị Mathilde nke Belgium
* Muhammadu Sanusi nke Abụọ, Emir nke [[Kano]].
* Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, onye guzobere Education Above All Foundation.
* BLACKPINK, otu ụmụ agbọghọ K-Pop
* Richard Curtis, onye edemede, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nduzi ihe nkiri.
* Ms. Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike ụmụ amaala.
* Graça Machel, onye guzobere [[Graça Machel|Graça Machol]] Trust.
* Dia Mirza, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na'emepụta ihe nkiri, na onye nnọchi anya [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] Environment Program Goodwill maka [[Ndia|India]].
* [[Valentina Muñoz Rabanal]], onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na [[Chile]].
* Edward Ndopu, onye guzobere Global Strategies on Inclusive Education.
* Kailash Satyarthi, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụaka n'India
* Brad Smith, osote onyeisi oche na onye isi oche, Microsoft.
* Jeffrey Sachs, onye nduzi nke Center for Sustainable Development na Mahadum Columbia.
* [[Forest Whitaker]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Whitaker Peace &amp; Development Initiative.
* Hamdi Ulukaya, onye guzobere Chobani&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UN Secretary-General António Guterres announces Founder and CEO of Chobani, Mr. Hamdi Ulukaya as SDG Advocate|url=https://www.unsdgadvocates.org/news/un-secretary-general-antonio-guterres-announces-founder-and-ceo-of-chobani-mr-hamdi-ulukaya-as-sdg-advocate|accessdate=2022-07-28|work=SDG Advocates|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516115501/https://www.unsdgadvocates.org/news/un-secretary-general-antonio-guterres-announces-founder-and-ceo-of-chobani-mr-hamdi-ulukaya-as-sdg-advocate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe omume ụwa ===
[[Usòrò:Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ]]
Global Goals Week bụ mmemme na-ewe kwa izu na Septemba maka mmemme, mmata, na aza ajụjụ maka ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable. Ọ bụ ntinye aka maka ndị mmekọ karịrị 100 iji hụ na ime ihe ngwa ngwa na SDG site n'ịkekọrịta echiche na ngwọta mgbanwe maka nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nke mbụ mere na 2016. Ọ na-emekarị concurrently na Climate Week NYC.

Ememme Nkiri Arctic bụ mmemme ihe nkiri kwa afọ nke HF Productions haziri yana nke SDGs' Partnership Platform kwadoro. Emere ya na nke mbụ na 2019, a na-atụ anya na ememme a ga-eme kwa afọ na Septemba na Longyearbyen, Svalbard, [[Norway]].

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg|thumb|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide bụ atụmatụ UN]]
[[Usòrò:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf|thumb|Ọrụ nke Statistical Commission metụtara 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development nwere ebumnuche na ihe ngosi, July 2017 (UN resolution A/RES/71/313)]]
 
[[Usòrò:UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_(29274119644).jpg|thumb|Mkparịta ụka UN SDG na Mariupol, Ukraine]]
Agenda mmepe nke Post-2015 bụ usoro sitere na 2012 ruo 2015 nke United Nations duziri iji kọwaa usoro mmepe ụwa n'ọdịnihu nke ga-aga nke ọma ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium. Emepụtara SDGs ka ọ ga-aga nke ọma ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium Development (MDGs) nke kwụsịrị na 2015.

Na 1983, United Nations kere World Commission on Environment and Development (nke e mesịrị mara dị ka Brundtland Commission), nke kọwara mmepe na-adigide dị ka &quot;igbo mkpa nke ugbu a n'emebighị ikike nke ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu iji gboo mkpa nke ha.&quot; N'afọ 1992, e mere ọgbakọ mbụ nke United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) ma ọ bụ Mgbakọ Ụwa na [[Rio de Janeiro]], bụ ebe e mepụtara ma nabata usoro mbụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe, nke a makwaara dị ka Agenda 21.

Na 2012, Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ọganihu Sustainable (UNCSD), nke a makwaara dị ka Rio+20, mere dị ka afọ iri abụọ na-esochi UNCED. Colombia tụpụtara echiche nke SDG na mmemme nkwadebe maka Rio + 20 mere na Indonesia na July 2011. Na Septemba 2011, United Nations Department of Public Information 64th NGO Conference na Bonn, Germany welitere echiche a. Akwụkwọ nsonaazụ ahụ tụpụtara ebumnuche mmepe 17 na-adigide yana ebumnuche metụtara ya. Na nso nso a Rio+20 enwere ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka gbasara echiche nke SDG. Na Rio+20 Conference, otu mba ndị otu ruru mkpebi a maara dị ka &quot;Ọdịnihu Anyị Chọrọ&quot;. Otu n'ime isiokwu ndị a kwadoro bụ ikpochapụ ịda ogbenye, ume, mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha, ahụike, na nhazi nke mmadụ.

Na Jenụwarị 2013, e hiwere otu UN General Assembly Open Working Group (OWG) dị iri atọ na ebumnuche mmepe iji chọpụta ebumnuche akọwapụtara maka SDGs. OWG nyefere aro ha nke 8 SDGs na 169 lekwasịrị anya na nnọkọ 68th nke Mgbakọ General na Septemba 2014. Na 5 Disemba 2014, Mgbakọ Nzuko UN nabatara Nkwupụta Synthesis Secretary General, nke kwuru na ebumnuche maka post-2015 SDG. Usoro ga-adabere na atụmatụ OWG.

=== Eshia na Pacific ===

==== Australia ====
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Australia|paragraphs=2-3}}

=== Afrịka ===
Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Development Programme (UNDP) achịkọtala ozi iji gosi ka esi emepụta mmata banyere SDG n'etiti ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, ọha mmadụ na ndị ọzọ n'ọtụtụ mba Africa.

==== Naịjirịa ====

=== Europe na Middle East ===
Mba Baltic, site na Council of the Baltic Sea States, ekepụtala Baltic 2030 Action Plan., ,

==== Lebanọn ====
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon|paragraphs=2|file=no}}

==== Siria ====
Agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na Syria malitere site na usoro mmepe na-adigide site na Mahadum Damaskọs. Site na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche, malite na Osimiri Barada, oghere ndụ ndụ na ahụike.

==== United Kingdom ====
Edepụtara usoro UK iji wepụta SDG zuru ụwa ọnụ na Agenda 2030: Nyefee ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke ngalaba maka mmepe mba ụwa mepụtara. Na 2019, netwọk Bond nyochara ọganihu UK zuru ụwa ọnụ na ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable Development (SDGs). Akụkọ nke Bond na-akọwapụta ọdịiche dị oke mkpa ebe a na-achọkarị nlebara anya na itinye ego. Ndị otu 49 na netwọk 14 na ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ chịkọtara akụkọ ahụ.

== Hụkwa ==

* Nkwado

== Ihe odide ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 {{offline|med}}

* [http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform - SDGs]
* &quot;[http://www.globalgoals.org Ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ]&quot; Mgbasa ozi na SDGs nke Project Everyone bipụtara
* [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ Global SDG Indicators Database nke United Nations]
* SDG-Tracker.org - Nnyocha anya nke ọganihu na SDGs
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605094157/https://sdg-pathfinder.org/ SDG Pathfinder] - Nyochaa ọdịnaya na SDGs site na ụlọ ọrụ mba isii (nke OECD kwadoro)
{{Sustainable Development Goals}}{{Sustainability}}{{Poverty}}{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above summary&quot; |Sustainable Development Goals
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-image&quot; |
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |[[Mission statement]]
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&quot;A shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;the17SDGs&quot;&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;881&quot;&gt;[https://sdgs.un.org/goals &quot;The 17 Goals&quot;]. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;882&quot;&gt;''Sustainable Development Goals''. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;883&quot;&gt;UN&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cx-segment&quot; data-segmentid=&quot;884&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 August&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;
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! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Type of project
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[Nonprofit organization|Non-Profit]]
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| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |Global
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Founder
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |[[United Nations]]
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Established
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |2015
|-
! class=&quot;infobox-label&quot; scope=&quot;row&quot; |Website
| class=&quot;infobox-data&quot; |&lt;span class=&quot;url&quot;&gt;[https://sdgs.un.org/ sdgs.un.org]&lt;/span&gt;
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{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 1|paragraphs=2|file=0}}
[[Usòrò:SDG logo UN.png|thumb|SDG logo]]
Ebumnuche ahụ nwere ebumnuche asaa na ihe ngosi 13 iji tụọ ọganihu. Ebumnuche ise a ga-esi na ya pụta bụ: ikpochapụ oke ịda ogbenye; Mbelata ịda ogbenye niile site na ọkara; mmejuputa usoro nchedo ọha; n'ịhụ na nha nhata ikike inwe, ọrụ ndị bụ isi, teknụzụ na akụ akụ na ụba; na iwulite nkwụsi ike na ọdachi gburugburu ebe obibi, akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze. Ebumnuche abụọ ahụ metụtara ụzọ mmejuputa SDG 1 bụ ịchịkọta akụrụngwa iji kwụsị ịda ogbenye; na nguzobe usoro iwu mkpochapụ ịda ogbenye na ọkwa niile.

Ebumnuche Sustainable Development Goals ma ọ bụ ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ mkpokọta nke ebumnuche iri na asaa jikọtara ọnụ nke e mere iji jee ozi dị ka &quot;atụmatụ ekekọrịtara maka udo na ọganihu maka ndị mmadụ na ụwa, ugbu a na n'ọdịnihu.&quot; SDG abụghị ịda ogbenye; efu agụụ; ezi ahụike na ịdị mma; agụmakwụkwọ dị mma; nhata nwoke na nwanyị; mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha; ike dị ọnụ ala ma dị ọcha; ezigbo ọrụ na uto akụ na ụba; ụlọ ọrụ, ihe ọhụrụ na akụrụngwa; ebelata oke nha anya; obodo na obodo na-adigide; oriri na mmepụta ihe dị mkpa; omume ihu igwe; ndu n'okpuru mmiri; ndu n'ala; udo, ikpe ziri ezi na ụlọ ọrụ siri ike; na mmekorita maka ebumnuche. SDG na-ekwusi ike na njikọ gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba nke mmepe na-adigide site n'itinye nkwado na etiti ha.

Emebere SDG na 2015 site n'aka otu United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) dịka akụkụ nke Post-2015 Development Agenda, bụ nke chọrọ imepụta usoro mmepe ụwa n'ọdịnihu iji nweta ebumnuche Millennium Development Goals, nke kwụsịrị n'afọ ahụ. A kọwapụtara ha n'ụzọ nkịtị wee nabata ha na mkpebi UNGA akpọrọ 2030 Agenda, nke a na-akpọ colloquially dị ka Agenda 2030. Na 6 Julaị 2017, e mere SDGs ka ọ rụọ ọrụ site na mkpebi UNGA nke na-achọpụta ebumnuche akọwapụtara maka ebumnuche ọ bụla ma na-enye ihe ngosi iji tụọ ọganihu. A ga-enweta ọtụtụ ebumnuche n'afọ 2030, n'agbanyeghị na ụfọdụ enweghị ụbọchị njedebe. International Monetary Fund (IMF) ewepụtakwala ụzọ iji nweta SDG site n'inye nkwado ha na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, IMF na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ịda ogbenye na mba ndị na-emepe emepe na-enweghị ego site n'inye nkwado ego n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.

Enwere nsogbu na-agafe agafe na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị iche iche; dịka ọmụmaatụ, maka SDG 13 na omume ihu igwe, IPCC na-ahụ mmekọrịta siri ike na SDG 3 (ahụike), 7 (ike dị ọcha), 11 (obodo na obodo), 12 (nri na mmepụta ihe) na 14 (oké osimiri).: 70 N'aka nke ọzọ, ndị nkatọ na ndị na-ekiri ihe na-achọpụtakwa azụmaahịa dị n'etiti ebumnuche,: 67  dị ka n'etiti ịkwụsị agụụ na ịkwalite nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi. nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ihe isi ike na-enyocha ihe ngosi qualitative.

Ndị otu UN (United Nations) High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF) na-enyocha SDGs, ọgbakọ kwa afọ a na-eme n'okpuru nkwado nke United Nations Economic and Social Council. Agbanyeghị, HLPF na-abịa na nsogbu nke ya n'ihi enweghị onye ndu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọdịmma mba dị iche iche.: 206  Iji kwado nleba anya nke agamnihu na mmejuputa SDG, ewepụtara SDG Tracker n'ịntanetị na June 2018 iji gosipụta data niile dị n'ofe niile. egosi. Ọrịa COVID-19 nwere nnukwu mmetụta ọjọọ na SDG 17 niile na 2020. Ntụle sayensị nke mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke SDG chọpụtara na 2022 na SDG nwere naanị mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere oke mgbanwe ruo ugbu a. Ma ọ dịkarịa ala, ha emetụtala ụzọ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri si aghọta ma na-ekwurịta banyere mmepe na-adigide.
SDG 2 nwere ebumnuche asatọ yana ihe ngosi 14 iji tụọ ọganihu. Ebumnuche ise a ga-esi na ya pụta bụ: ịkwụsị agụụ na imeziwanye ohere ịnweta nri; na-akwụsị ụdị nile nke erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ́; arụpụta ọrụ ugbo; usoro mmepụta nri na-adigide na omume ugbo na-agbanwe agbanwe; na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ osisi, osisi ndị a na-akọ na anụ ndị a na-akọ na anụ ụlọ; itinye ego, nyocha na teknụzụ. Ụzọ atọ e ji eme ihe e ji eme ihe gụnyere: ikwado mmachi ahia na mgbagha n'ahịa ọrụ ugbo n'ụwa na ahịa ngwaahịa nri na usoro ha.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 2|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

== Ịzụlite ya ==
[[Usòrò:United Nations General Assembly resolution A-RES-70-1.pdf|thumb|Ịgbanwe ụwa anyị: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (UN Resolution A/RES/70/1), nke nwere ihe mgbaru ọsọ (October 2015)]]
[[Usòrò:Sustainable_Development_Goals.svg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe osise na-edepụta 17 Sustainable Development Goals]]
Na 25 Septemba 2015, mba 193 nke UN General Assembly nakweere 2030 Development Agenda akpọrọ &quot;Ịgbanwe ụwa anyị: 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.&quot; Usoro a nwere paragraf 92. Paragraf nke 59 na-akọwapụta ebumnuche 17 Sustainable Development Goals yana ebumnuche 169 metụtara yana ihe ngosi 232.

Usoro nke UN na-edu gụnyere mba 193 ndị otu ya na ọha obodo zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mkpebi a bụ nkwekọrịta gọọmenti etiti sara mbara nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka Post-2015 Development Agenda. SDG na-ewulite n'ụkpụrụ ekwekọrịtara na mkpebi A/RES/66/288, nke isiokwu ya bụ &quot;Ọdịnihu Anyị Chọrọ.&quot; Nke a bụ akwụkwọ anaghị ejikọta ya n'ihi Mgbakọ Rio+20 emere na 2012.

== Mmejuputa ==
[[Usòrò:Finanzierung_der_Ziele_für_Nachhaltige_Entwicklung.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Ntụnyere ọnụahịa maka Ihe mgbaru ọsọ UN]]
Mmezu nke SDG malitere n'ụwa niile na 2016. Usoro a nwekwara ike ịkpọ Localizing SDGs. Na 2019 António Guterres (onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations) nyere oku zuru ụwa ọnụ maka afọ iri nke ime ihe iji wepụta ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable site na 2030. Afọ iri a ga-adị site na 2020 ruo 2030. Atụmatụ bụ na odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke UN ga-akpọkọta ikpo okwu kwa afọ maka ịkwọ ụgbọala afọ iri nke ime ihe.

Enwere isi ihe abụọ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri maka mmejuputa SDGs: steeti na ndị na-abụghị steeti. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na steeti gụnyere gọọmentị mba na ndị isi obodo, ebe ndị na-abụghị steeti bụ ụlọ ọrụ na ọha obodo.: 80  Iso obodo na inye ikike dị mkpa mana enwerekwa mmasị dị iche iche na otu a.: 80

Iwulite mmekorita ọhụrụ bara uru. Agbanyeghị, SDG ejighị n'aka n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro yana ebum n'obi mee ya iji nye ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ohere dị ukwuu. Ya mere, ha nwere ike ịkọwa ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị iche iche na mgbe mgbe dị ka mmasị ha si dị.

== Ihe dị n'ihe mgbaru ọsọ iri na asaa ==

=== Ọdịdị nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ, ebumnuche na ihe ngosi ===
E bipụtara ndepụta nke ebumnuche na ihe ngosi maka nke ọ bụla n'ime 17 SDGs na mkpebi UN na July 2017. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọ bụla na-enwekarị ebumnuche 8-12, na ebumnuche ọ bụla nwere n'etiti ihe ngosi otu na anọ iji tụọ ọganihu n'iru iru ebumnuche, yana nkezi nke 1.5 egosi kwa iche. Ebumnuche ndị a bụ ebumnuche nsonaazụ (ọnọdụ a ga-enweta) ma ọ bụ ụzọ ebumnuche mmejuputa. E webatara ebumnobi ikpeazụ ndị a n'oge na usoro mkparita uka SDG iji gboo nchegbu nke ụfọdụ ndị otu mba gbasara otu a ga-esi nweta SDGs. Ebumnuche 17 bụ kpam kpam gbasara otu a ga-esi nweta SDGs.

Usoro ọnụọgụ nke ebumnuche bụ nke a: Ebumnuche nsonaazụ na-eji ọnụọgụ, ebe ebumnuche mmejuputa na-eji mkpụrụedemede obere. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, SDG 6 nwere ngụkọta nke ebumnuche 8. Isii nke mbụ bụ ebumnuche nsonaazụ na akpọrọ Targets 6.1 ruo 6.6. Ebumnobi abụọ ikpeazụ bụ ụzọ nke ebumnuche mmejuputa atumatu ma akpọrọ ya dị ka ebumnuche 6.a na 6.b.

Weebụsaịtị United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) na-enye ndepụta ihe ngosi gọọmentị dị ugbu a nke gụnyere mmelite niile ruo oge nnọkọ Statistical Commission nke 51st na Machị 2020.

Ihe ngosi maka ebumnuche nwere ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmepe usoro na nnweta data na ọkwa ụwa. Na mbido, ụfọdụ ihe ngosi (nke a na-akpọ Tier 3 egosi) enweghị usoro ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. Mgbe e mesịrị, a na-edozi usoro ihe ngosi zuru ụwa ọnụ ka agbahapụ, dochie ma ọ bụ nụchaa ihe ngosi Tier 3. Dịka nke 17 Julaị 2020, enwere ihe ngosi 231 pụrụ iche.

Data ma ọ bụ ozi ga-agwa ndị otu niile adịghị ike dị ka ụmụaka, ndị agadi agadi, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ, ụmụ amaala, ndị na-akwaga mba ọzọ, na ndị chụpụrụ n'ime obodo.

==== Nnyocha nke ihe ngosi ====
A tụlere usoro ihe ngosi ahụ nke ọma na nnọkọ 51st nke United Nations Statistical Commission na 2020. A ga-enyocha ya ọzọ na 2025. Na nnọkọ 51st nke Statistical Commission (nke e mere na New York City site na 3–6 Maachị 2020) mkpokọta. nke mgbanwe 36 n'usoro ihe ngosi zuru ụwa ọnụ ka atụpụtara maka nleba anya nke kọmitii ahụ. A dochiri, degharịa ma ọ bụ hichapụ ụfọdụ ihe ngosi. N'etiti 15 Ọktoba 2018 na 17 Eprel 2020, e mere mgbanwe ndị ọzọ na egosi. N'agbanyeghị nha ha na-aga n'ihu na-ejupụta na ihe isi ike.

=== Ndepụta nke ihe mgbaru ọsọ 17 na ebumnuche ha na ihe ngosi ha ===
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Australia|paragraphs=2-3}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 1: Enweghị ịda ogbenye ====
[[Usòrò:Sustainable_Development_Goal_01NoPoverty.svg|alt=Sustainable Development Goal 1|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|124x124px|SDG 1]]
SDG 1 bụ: &quot;Kwụsị ịda ogbenye n'ụdị ya niile n'ebe niile.&quot; Inweta SDG 1 ga-akwụsị oke ịda ogbenye n'ụwa niile n'afọ 2030. Otu n'ime ihe na-egosi ya bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'okpuru oke ịda ogbenye. A na-enyocha data ahụ site na mmekọahụ, afọ, ọkwa ọrụ, na ọnọdụ mpaghara (obodo / ime obodo).{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Nigeria|paragraphs=2|file=no}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 2: agụụ efu (Ọ dịghị agụụ) ====
[[Usòrò:Tasty_Food_Abundance_in_Healthy_Europe.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|A ga-eme ka onye ọ bụla nwee nri zuru oke na nke dị mma.]]
SDG 2 bụ: &quot;Kwụsị agụụ, nweta nchekwa nri na mmezi nri, ma kwalite ọrụ ugbo na-adịgide adịgide&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-2-zero-hunger.html|title=Goal 2: Zero hunger|work=UNDP|accessdate=13 April 2017|archivedate=30 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063934/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-2-zero-hunger.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe na-egosi ihe mgbaru ọsọ a bụ dịka ọmụmaatụ, mmụba nke nri na-adịghị mma, mmụka nke enweghị nri siri ike, na mmụba ya nke nkwụsịtụ n'etiti ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon|paragraphs=2|file=no}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke atọ: Ahụike na ọdịmma dị mma ====
SDG 3 bụ ka: &quot;Họrọ ndụ ahụike ma kwalite ọdịmma maka mmadụ niile n'afọ niile.&quot; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa ebe a bụ ogologo ndụ yana ọnwụ ụmụaka na nne. Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ bụ ọmụmaatụ ọnwụ sitere na mmerụ ahụ okporo ụzọ, mmụba nke ụtaba ugbu a, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ igbu onwe.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 3|paragraphs=2|file=0|tables=2021}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke anọ: agụmakwụkwọ dị mma ====
[[Usòrò:(2011_Education_for_All_Global_Monitoring_Report)_-School_children_in_Kakuma_refugee_camp,_Kenya_1.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ụmụ akwụkwọ nọ n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ Kakuma, Kenya]]
SDG 4 bụ: &quot;Hụkwa n'aka na agụmakwụkwọ dị mma gụnyere yana nha anya ma kwalite ohere mmụta ogologo ndụ maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Ihe egosi maka ebumnuche a bụ ọmụmaatụ ọnụọgụ ndị bịara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, ọnụego mmecha nke ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị, isonye na agụmakwụkwọ mahadum na ndị ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla, a na-eleba anya nrịbama ngụsị akwụkwọ iji hụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-abaghị uru agaghị efu (anakọtara data na &quot;nwoke / nwoke, ime obodo / obodo, ala / n'elu akụ na ụba na ndị ọzọ dị ka ọnọdụ nkwarụ, ụmụ amaala&quot;) . Enwekwara ihe ngosi n'akụkụ ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ nwere (ịnweta ọkụ eletrik, ịntanetị, kọmputa, mmiri ọṅụṅụ, ụlọ mposi wdg).{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 4|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ise: Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị ====
SDG 5 bụ ka: &quot;Nweta nha anya nwoke na nwanyị ma nye ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ ike.&quot; Ihe ngosi gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ inwe usoro iwu dabara adaba yana nnochite anya ụmụ nwanyị na nzuko omeiwu nke mba ma ọ bụ n'ime ndị na-akpa nkata mpaghara. Ọnụọgụ gbasara alụmdi na nwunye mmanye na ibibi/mgbu ụmụ nwanyị (FGM/C) sokwa n'ihe ngosi ọzọ.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 5|paragraphs=3|file=0}}

==== Ebumnuche 6: Mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha ====
[[Usòrò:School_toilet_2_-_WASH_in_schools_(Bangladesh)_(38403428742).jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile: Ụlọ mposi ụlọ akwụkwọ (ụlọ akwụkwọ IPH na kọleji, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh)]]
SDG 6 bụ ka: &quot;Hụkwa na enwere na njikwa mmiri na ịdị ọcha na-adịgide adịgide maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Mmemme nleba anya ọnụ (JMP) nke WHO na UNICEF bụ maka ileba anya n'ọganihu iji nweta ebumnobi abụọ mbụ nke ebumnuche a. Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ebumnuche a bụ pasentị nke ndị mmadụ na-eji mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ a na-achịkwa nke ọma, ma nwee ohere ịdị ọcha ejirikwaghị nke ọma. JMP kọrọ na 2017 na ijeri mmadụ 4.5 anaghị ejikwa ịdị ọcha n'enweghị nsogbu. Ihe ngosi ọzọ na-eleba anya na oke mmiri mkpofu ụlọ na nke ụlọ ọrụ nke a na-edozi n'enweghị nsogbu.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 6|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke asaa: Ike dị ọnụ ala na nke dị ọcha ====
SDG 7 bụ: &quot;Hụkwa na ịnweta ike dị ọnụ ala, ntụkwasị obi, nkwado na ume ọgbara ọhụrụ maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Otu n'ime ihe na-egosi ihe mgbaru ọsọ a bụ pasentị nke ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịnweta ọkụ eletrik (ọganihu n'ịgbasa ohere eletrik e meela n'ọtụtụ mba, karịsịa India, Bangladesh, na Kenya). Ihe ngosi ndị ọzọ na-eleba anya na ike mmeghari ume ike na arụmọrụ ike.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 7|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke asatọ: Ọrụ dị mma na uto akụ na ụba ====
SDG 8 bụ: &quot;Ịkwalite ọganihu akụ na ụba na-adịgide adịgide, na-agụnye yana na-adigide, ọrụ zuru oke ma na-arụpụta ihe na ezigbo ọrụ maka mmadụ niile.&quot; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ebumnuche a gụnyere uto akụ na ụba na mba ndị mepere emepe na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ezigbo GDP kwa onye ọ bụla. Ihe atụ ndị ọzọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke enweghị ọrụ ntorobịa na mmerụ ahụ n'ọrụ ma ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwoke.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 8|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ebumnuche 9: Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ihe ọhụrụ na akụrụngwa ====
SDG 9 bụ: &quot;Iwulite akụrụngwa na-agbanwe agbanwe, kwalite mmepụta mmepụta ihe na-adigide na nsonye, na ịkwalite mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ.&quot; Ndị na-egosi na ebumnuche a gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ ọnụọgụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'ichepụta ihe ma ọ bụ ndị bi na mpaghara netwọk ekwentị kpuchiri ma ọ bụ ndị nwere ịntanetị. Ihe ngosi nke ejikọrọ na mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ &quot;CO2 emissions per unit nke uru agbakwunyere.&quot;{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 9|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke iri: Mbelata ahaghị nhata ====
SDG 10 bụ: &quot;Berelata enweghị nhata ego n'ime na n'etiti mba&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities.html|title=Goal 10: Reduced inequalities|work=UNDP|accessdate=12 March 2018|archivedate=30 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063954/http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-10-reduced-inequalities.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka SDG a bụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti ego, akụkụ nke okike na nkwarụ, yana iwu maka ịkwaga na ịgagharị nke ndị mmadụ.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 10|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 11: Obodo na obodo ndị na-adịgide adịgide ====
SDG 11 bụ: &quot;Mee ka obodo na ebe obibi mmadụ bụrụ nke gụnyere, nchekwa, na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke ga-adigide.&quot; Ihe ngosi dị mkpa maka ebumnuche a bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị mmadụ bi n'ime ime obodo, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe na-enwe ohere ịnweta ụgbọ njem ọha, na oke ebe ewulitere maka onye ọ bụla.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 11|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 12: Ojiji na mmepụta ====
SDG 12 bụ: &quot;Hụkwa na usoro oriri na mmepụta ga-adigide.&quot; Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-egosi bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ ngwá ọrụ amụma mba iji kwalite oriri na-adịgide adịgide na usoro mmepụta ihe.: 14  Nke ọzọ bụ enyemaka mmanụ ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ. nwere ike inye aka imezu ebumnuche ahụ.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 12|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 13: Omume ihu igwe ====
SDG 13 bụ ka: &quot;Mee ihe ngwa ngwa iji luso mgbanwe ihu igwe ọgụ na mmetụta ya site n'ịchịkwa ihe ọkụkụ na ịkwalite mmepe na ume ọhụrụ.&quot; Na 2021 ruo mmalite 2023, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) bipụtara akụkọ nyocha nke isii nke na-enyocha ozi sayensị, teknụzụ na mmekọrịta akụ na ụba gbasara mgbanwe ihu igwe.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 13|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 14: Ndụ n'okpuru mmiri ====
SDG 14 bụ: &quot;Chekwaa ma jiri oke osimiri, oke osimiri na akụrụngwa mmiri mee ihe maka mmepe na-adigide.&quot; Mgbalị ndị a na-eme ugbu a iji chebe oke osimiri, gburugburu mmiri na obere ndị ọkụ azụ anaghị egbo mkpa ọ dị ichebe ihe onwunwe. Mmụba okpomọkụ nke oké osimiri na ọnwụ oxygen na-eme n'otu oge na acidification nke oké osimiri ma bụrụ ihe atọ na-egbu egbu nke nrụgide mgbanwe ihu igwe na gburugburu mmiri.
[[Usòrò:Nusa_Lembongan_Reef.jpg|thumb|Nusa Lembongan Reef]]
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 14|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 15: Ndụ n'ala ====
SDG 15 bụ: &quot;Chebe, weghachi ma kwalite ojiji nke gburugburu ụwa na-aga n'ihu, jikwaa oke ọhịa, ịlụso ọzara ọgụ, na ịkwụsị ma weghachi mbibi ala na ịkwụsị mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche.&quot; Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mpaghara ọhịa fọdụrụnụ, ọzara na ihe egwu ikpochapụ ụdị anụmanụ bụ ihe atụ na-egosi ebumnuche a.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 15|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 16: Udo, ikpe ziri ezi na ụlọ ọrụ siri ike ====
SDG 16 bụ: &quot;Ịkwalite obodo dị n'udo na nsonye maka mmepe na-adigide, nye mmadụ niile ohere ikpe ziri ezi ma wulite ụlọ ọrụ dị irè, na-aza ajụjụ na nke gụnyere na ọkwa niile.&quot; Ọnụego ndebanye aha ọmụmụ na ụbara nke iri ngo bụ ihe atụ abụọ nke ihe nleba anya gụnyere na ebumnuche a.{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 17|paragraphs=2|file=0}}

==== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ 17: Njikọ maka ihe mgbaru ọsọ ====
SDG 17 bụ ka: &quot;Mee ka ụzọ mmejuputa iwu sikwuo ike ma mee ka mmekọrịta zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmepe na-adigide.&quot; A na-ahụ ịbawanye mmekorita mba ụwa dị ka ihe dị mkpa iji nweta nke ọ bụla n'ime ebumnuche iri na isii gara aga. A na-ahụta mmepe mmekọrịta ọtụtụ ndị otu iji kesaa ihe ọmụma, nka, teknụzụ na nkwado ego dị ka ihe dị oke mkpa maka ọganihu zuru oke nke SDGs. Ebumnobi a gụnyere imeziwanye imekọ ihe ọnụ n'ebe ugwu-ndịda na ndịda-South, yana mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nkeonwe nke metụtara ọha mmadụ ka a kpọtụrụ aha kpọmkwem.
 

== Nsogbu na njikọ aka ==
[[Usòrò:Sustainable_Development_Goals_(Lima,_Peru)_1.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Ndị na-eto eto na-ejide ọkọlọtọ SDG na Lima, Peru]]
Iji nweta mmepe na-adigide, akụkụ atọ ma ọ bụ akụkụ atọ kwesịrị ịchịkọta ọnụ: Akụkụ akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ihe dị oke mkpa ma dabere n'otu. Ọganihu ga-achọ nyocha multidisciplinary na trans-disciplinary n'akụkụ atọ niile. Nke a na-esi ike mgbe ndị isi ọchịchị akwadoghị ya.

Okwu igbubi oke gụnyere dịka ọmụmaatụ nha anya nwoke na nwanyị, agụmakwụkwọ, omenala na ahụike. Ndị a bụ naanị ọmụmaatụ ụfọdụ njikọ dị iche iche dị na SDGs.

=== Ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị ===
Nkwekọrịta zuru ebe niile bụ na agamnihu na SDG niile ga-akwụsị ma ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ikike ụmụ nwanyị na nha anya nwoke na nwanyị, ma mesoo ya nke ọma. Ndị SDG na-elegara ndị na-eme amụma yana ndị isi ngalaba na ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ maka ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị. Nkwupụta sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche, dị ka Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), UN Women na World Pensions Forum, kwuru na itinye ego n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na akụ na ụba. Ntinye ego mmepe obodo na nke zuru ụwa ọnụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-agafekarị oke mbụ ha.

A na-ahazi nha anya nwoke na nwanyị n'ime usoro SDG site n'ịhụ na a na-anakọta data ekewapụrụ nwoke na nwanyị dịka enwere ike.: 11

=== Agụmakwụkwọ na omenala ===
[[Usòrò:Training_on_Education_for_sustainable_development.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọzụzụ na agụmakwụkwọ maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na mpaghara Kasese Uganda]]
Achọpụtara agụmakwụkwọ maka mmepe na-adigide (ESD) nke ọma na SDG dị ka akụkụ nke Target 4.7 nke SDG na agụmakwụkwọ. UNESCO na-akwalite mmụta mmụta nwa amaala zuru ụwa ọnụ (GCED) dị ka ụzọ mgbakwunye. Mmụta maka mmepe na-adigide dị mkpa maka SDG 16 ndị ọzọ niile.

A na-ezo aka na omenala n'ụzọ doro anya na SDG 11 Target 4 (&quot;Mee mgbalị iji chekwaa na ichekwa ihe nketa ụwa na omenala&quot;). Agbanyeghị, a na-ahụ omenala ka isiokwu na-agafe agafe n'ihi na ọ na-emetụta ọtụtụ SDGs. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, omenala na-ekere òkè na ebumnuche SDG ebe ha na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na nkwụghachi azụ (n'ime SDG 11, 12 na 16), ọganihu na ibi ndụ (n'ime SDG 8), nsonye na nsonye (n'ime SDG 11 na 16): 2

=== Ahụike ===
SDG 1 ruo 6 na-eleba anya ozugbo na ndịiche ahụike, ọkachasị na mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Ebumnobi isii ndị a na-eleba anya n'okwu ndị dị mkpa na ahụike ọha zuru ụwa ọnụ, ịda ogbenye, agụụ na nchekwa nri, ahụike, agụmakwụkwọ, nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na ike ụmụ nwanyị, na mmiri na ịdị ọcha. Ndị ọrụ ahụike ọha nwere ike iji ebumnobi ndị a wepụta atụmatụ nke ha ma mee atụmatụ maka obere atụmatụ maka otu ha.

Njikọ dị n'etiti ebumnuche mmepe dị iche iche na ahụike ọha dị ọtụtụ ma guzobekwa nke ọma:

* SDG 1: Ịdị n'okpuru akara ịda ogbenye na-adabere na nsonaazụ ahụike na-adịghị mma ma nwee ike ịka njọ maka ndị bi na mba ndị na-emepe emepe ebe oke ịda ogbenye bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=NCCP {{!}} Child Poverty|url=http://www.nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html|accessdate=25 November 2015|work=www.nccp.org|archivedate=10 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810115746/http://nccp.org/topics/childpoverty.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nwatakịrị a mụrụ n'ime ịda ogbenye nwere ohere okpukpu abụọ karịa ịnwụ tupu ya eruo afọ ise ma e jiri ya tụnyere nwatakịrị si n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNhealth2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Health – United Nations Sustainable Development|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/health/|accessdate=25 November 2015|work=United Nations Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SDG 2: Mmetụta ọjọọ nke agụụ na [[Agụụ|nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ]] nke nwere ike ibilite site na nsogbu sistemụ na nchekwa nri dị oke egwu. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa na-eme atụmatụ na pasent 12.9 nke ndị bi na mba ndị na-emepe emepe enweghị nri na-edozi ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hunger and food security – United Nations Sustainable Development|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/hunger/|accessdate=25 November 2015|work=United Nations Sustainable Development}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* SDG 4 na 5: Enwetabeghị ikpe ziri ezi agụmakwụkwọ n'ụwa. Nke a na-egbochi mbọ ahụike ọha na eze, ebe enweghị agụmakwụkwọ nwere ike iduga na nsonaazụ ahụike dị njọ. Nke a na-egosi site n'aka ụmụ nke ndị nne na-enweghị agụmakwụkwọ nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala karịa ụmụaka ndị nne mụrụ na ọkwa praịmarị ma ọ bụ karịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNhealth2015&quot; /&gt;

=== Njikọ ===
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti SDG bụ &quot;ezigbo ndị na-emegide ahia ahia.&quot;: 67  N'ihe gbasara SDG 13 gbasara omume ihu igwe, IPCC na-ahụ mmekọrịta siri ike karịsịa maka SDGs 3 (ahụike), 7 (ike dị ọcha), 11 (obodo na obodo), 12 (nri na mmepụta ihe) na 14 (oké osimiri):  70

Iji zute SDG 13 na SDG ndị ọzọ, a na-achọ itinye ego na-adịte aka na ihe ọhụrụ akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ: iji mebie ngwaahịa isi obodo - ike, ụlọ ọrụ na akụrụngwa njem - ma hụ na ọ ga-ekwe omume mgbanwe ihu igwe n'ọdịnihu; iji chekwaa ma kwalite isi obodo - oke ohia, oke osimiri, na ala mmiri; na ịzụ ndị mmadụ ka ha rụọ ọrụ na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba na-anọpụ iche na ihu igwe.

== Ihe ịma aka ==

=== Ọtụtụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ na nsogbu n'ozuzu ===
Ndị ọkà mmụta akọwapụtala ntụpọ dị na nhazi nke SDG maka akụkụ ndị a: &quot;ọnụọgụ ebumnuche, nhazi nke usoro ihe mgbaru ọsọ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, usoro nhazi nke na-abụghị ndị isi), njikọ dị n'etiti ihe mgbaru ọsọ, nkọwapụta ma ọ bụ nha nke ebumnuche, asụsụ e ji mee ihe n'edemede ahụ, na ịdabere na mmepe akụ na ụba neoliberal dabere na mmepe na-adigide dị ka isi nghazi ha.&quot;: 161

Ndị SDG nwere ike ijide ọnọdụ dị ugbu a wee daa n'iwepụta nnukwu ebumnuche mmepe. A kọwawo ọnọdụ dị ugbu a dị ka &quot;kewapụ ọdịmma mmadụ na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, enweghị ike ịgbanwe ọchịchị na ịṅa ntị na ahia ahia, ihe kpatara ịda ogbenye na [[Environmental degradation|mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi]], na ikpe ziri ezi nke ọha mmadụ.&quot;

Otu nkọwa na The Economist na 2015 rụrụ ụka na ebumnuche 169 maka SDG dị ọtụtụ, na-akọwa ha dị ka ndị na-agbasawanye, echiche na-ezighị ezi na ọgbaghara ma e jiri ya tụnyere Mgbaru Ọhụụ Mmepe Millennium asatọ (MDGs).

=== Mgbanwe ndị a na-ekwughị n'ụzọ doro anya ===
Azụmahịa dị n'etiti SDG 17 nwere ike igbochi mmezu ha.: 66  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị a bụ azụmaahịa atọ siri ike ịtụle: &quot;Olee otu a ga-esi mekọrịta ịkwụsị agụụ na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi? (SDG lekwasịrị anya 2.3 na 15.2) Kedu ka uto akụ na ụba ga-esi dị. a ga-emekọrịta ya na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi? (SDG lekwasịrị anya 9.2 na 9.4) Kedu ka enwere ike isi mee ka enweghị ahaghị nhata ego na uto akụ na ụba? (SDG lekwasịrị anya 10.1 na 8.1).&quot;

SDG adịghị ekwu kpọmkwem esemokwu dị n'etiti uto akụ na ụba na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi. Kama nke ahụ, ha na-ekwusi ike &quot;nkwupụta ogologo oge mana enweghị atụ gbasara nbibi na nrụpụta akụrụngwa dị ka ihe ngwọta teknụzụ maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.&quot;: 145  Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọganihu akụ na ụba ụwa na-aga n'ihu nke pasent 3 (SDG 8) nwere ike ọ gaghị ekwekọrịta na ebumnuche nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, n'ihi na Ọnụego achọrọ maka ngbanwe akụ na ụba zuru ụwa ọnụ zuru ụwa ọnụ dị elu karịa obodo ọ bụla enwetagoro n'oge gara aga.

=== Enweghị ike na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi ===
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 15|paragraphs=2|file=0}}Ndị ọkà mmụta akatọọla na SDGs &quot;adịghị aghọta na mbara ala, ndị mmadụ na ihe gbasara ọganihu bụ akụkụ nke otu usoro ụwa, na nchebe nke iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mbara ala ekwesịghị ịbụ ụzọ isi nweta njedebe, kama ọ bụ njedebe n'onwe ya.&quot;: 147 SDGs &quot;kadoro n'echiche na uto akụ na ụba bụ ntọala iji nweta ogidi niile nke mmepe na-adigide.&quot;: 147  Ha anaghị ebute nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.: 144

SDGs gụnyere SDG atọ lekwasịrị anya gburugburu ebe obibi, nke bụ ebumnuche 13, 14 na 15 ( ihu igwe, ala na oke osimiri), mana enweghị ebumnuche gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ mbara ala.

Ihe mgbochi gburugburu ebe obibi na oke mbara ala enweghị atụ n'ime SDGs. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, otu esi ahazi SDG dị ugbu a na-eduga na mmekọrịta na-adịghị mma n'etiti nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi na SDGs.

A katọrọ SDG maka enweghị ike ichekwa ụdị ndụ dị iche iche. Ha nwere ike n'amaghị ama kwalite mbibi gburugburu ebe obibi n'aha mmepe na-adigide.

Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-arụkwa ụka na ihe SDG na-elekwasị anya na mmepe na-adigide neoliberal na-emebi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke mbara ala na ikpe ziri ezi. Ebumnuche abụọ a (ịkwado ntụkwasị obi mbara ala na ikpe ziri ezi) ga-achọ oke maka uto akụ na ụba.: 145

Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị atụpụtala ụzọ dị iche iche isi lebara adịghị ike anya gbasara nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi na SDGs:

* Nnyocha nke mgbanwe ndị dị mkpa iji nwetakwuo mkpa nke usoro gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke na-akwado mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, na-enyere aka iduzi nhazi na mgbanwe usoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Reyers|first=Belinda|date=June 2017|title=Essential Variables help to focus Sustainable Development Goals monitoring|journal=Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability|volume=26-27|pages=97–105|doi=10.1016/j.cosust.2017.05.003}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nlebara anya maka ọnọdụ nke usoro biophysical n'ebe dị iche iche (dịka, osimiri osimiri osimiri, ugwu ugwu)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Scown|first=Murray W.|date=November 2020|title=The Sustainable Development Goals need geoscience|journal=Nature Geoscience|volume=13|issue=11|pages=714–715|doi=10.1038/s41561-020-00652-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kulonen|first=Aino|date=2019|title=Spatial context matters in monitoring and reporting on Sustainable Development Goals: Reflections based on research in mountain regions|journal=GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society|volume=28|issue=2|pages=90–94|doi=10.14512/gaia.28.2.5}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nghọta ka mma nke nzaghachi gafee ihe dị na mbara igwe (dịka, site na ijikọ ụwa ọnụ) na oge (dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-emetụta ọgbọ ndị na-abịa n'ọdịnihu) nke nwere ike ikpebi ihe ịga nke ọma ma ọ bụ ọdịda nke SDGs.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Reyers|first=Belinda|date=August 2020|title=Global targets that reveal the social–ecological interdependencies of sustainable development|journal=Nature Ecology &amp; Evolution|volume=4|issue=8|pages=1011–1019|doi=10.1038/s41559-020-1230-6|pmid=32690904}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Akụkụ omume ọma ===
Enwere nchegbu banyere usoro ziri ezi nke SDGs: ha na-anọgide &quot;na-akwado site na echiche siri ike (Western) nke modernist nke mmepe: ọchịchị nke ụmụ mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ha (anthropocentricism), onye ọ bụla, asọmpi, nnwere onwe (ikike karịa ọrụ), ọdịmma onwe onye. , nkwenye n'ahịa nke na-eduga na ọdịmma mkpokọta, ihe onwunwe nke onwe (nke usoro iwu chebere), ụgwọ ọrụ dabere na uru, ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya, ọnụọgụ nke uru, na ngwá ọrụ nke ọrụ.&quot;:  146

Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-adọ aka na ntị na enwere ike iji SDGs mebie azụmahịa-dị ka ọ na-adị site n'iji nkwuwa okwu nkwado nkwado SDG jikọtara ya. Nnyocha nyocha nke meta-analysis na 2022 chọpụtara na: &quot;Enwere ọbụna ihe akaebe na-apụta na SDG nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ, site n'inye &quot;enyo enyo nke ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị siri ike&quot; nke na-eme ka eziokwu nke nkwụsị, njedebe nwụrụ anwụ na azụmahịa-dị ka- mbụ.&quot;: 220

=== Nsogbu na ịchọpụta ihe ngosi dị mma ===
Banyere ebumnuche nke SDGs, enwere ihe akaebe na-adịghị ike na-ejikọ ụzọ mmejuputa ya na nsonaazụ. Ebumnuche maka ụzọ mmejuputa iwu (ndị e ji akwụkwọ ozi, dịka ọmụmaatụ, Target 6.a) bụ ndị a na-echepụtaghị nke ọma na haziri nke ọma, yana ịchụso akara ngosi ha ga-esi ike.

=== Mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19 na nsogbu ndị ọzọ ===
Ọrịa COVID-19 belatara ọganihu iji nweta SDGs. Na nnọkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị UN High-level Forum on Sustainable Development na July 2023, ndị ọkà okwu kwuru na ọrịa na-efe efe na ọtụtụ ọgba aghara zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eyi ọtụtụ iri afọ nke ọganihu na SDGs.

== Usoro nlekota ==
[[Usòrò:Map_Sustainable_Development_Goals_2019.jpg|alt=|thumb|Mba ndị kacha nso izute SDGs (na-acha anụnụ anụnụ) na ndị nwere nnukwu ihe ịma aka fọdụrụnụ (na-enweghị ntụpọ nke anụnụ anụcha) na 2018 ]]

=== Nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu nke UN maka mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (HLPF) ===
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goal 17|paragraphs=2|file=0}}Nzukọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị elu na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide (HLPF) nọchiri Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Development Sustainable na 2012.: 206  O kwesịrị ịbụ &quot;ebe nzukọ mgbe niile maka gọọmentị na ndị nnọchiteanya na-abụghị steeti iji nyochaa ọganihu zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmepe na-adigide.&quot;: 206  Nzukọ ndị a na-eme n'okpuru nkwado nke United Nations Economic and Social Council. Na Julaị 2020 nzukọ a mere n'ịntanetị na nke mbụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. Isiokwu a bụ &quot;Agbara ngwa ngwa na ụzọ mgbanwe: ịghọta afọ iri nke ime ihe na nnyefe maka mmepe na-adigide&quot; ma nabata nkwupụta minista.

A na-ebipụta akụkọ ọganihu dị elu maka SDG niile n'ụdị akụkọ sitere n'aka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations. Nke kacha ọhụrụ bụ site na Eprel 2020.

Agbanyeghị, HLPF nwere ọtụtụ nsogbu. O nwebeghị ike ịkwalite njikọta n'usoro. Ihe kpatara nke a gụnyere ikike ya sara mbara yana nke edoghị anya yana enweghị akụrụngwa yana ọdịmma mba dị iche iche. Ya mere, usoro akuko a bụ ọkachasị naanị ikpo okwu maka mkpesa afọ ofufo na mmụta ndị ọgbọ n'etiti gọọmentị.

=== Ngwá ọrụ nlekota na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ===
Ewepụtara SDG-Tracker mbipụta n'ịntanetị na June 2018 wee gosipụta data n'ofe ihe ngosi niile dị. Ọ dabere na ụwa anyị na nchekwa data data ma dabere na Mahadum Oxford. Mbipụta a nwere mkpuchi zuru ụwa ọnụ ma na-enyocha ma ụwa ọ na-enwe ọganihu na SDGs. Ọ na-achọ ime ka data dị na ihe mgbaru ọsọ 17 dị na nghọta nye ndị na-ege ntị. SDG-Tracker na-eme ka ọ pụta ìhè na ụwa dị ugbu a (n'oge 2019) dị anya na imezu ebumnuche.

Ndekọ SDG zuru ụwa ọnụ na akụkọ dashboards bụ mbipụta mbụ iji soro arụmọrụ mba na ebumnuche 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Mbipụta kwa afọ, nke Bertelsmann Stiftung na SDSN mebere, gụnyere ọkwa na dashboard nke na-egosi isi ihe ịma aka maka obodo ọ bụla n'ihe gbasara itinye SDGs. Mbipụta ahụ gosikwara nyocha nke mbọ gọọmentị iji mejuputa SDGs.

== Akụkọ banyere ọganihu ==

=== Ọnọdụ zuru oke ===
Akụkọ sitere na United Nations (dịka ọmụmaatụ UN Global Sustainable Development Report na 2019) yana ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-enyocha ọganihu na SDG egosila ugboro ugboro na ụwa enweghị ike imezu ọtụtụ ebumnuche site na 2030: 41  (ma ọ bụ tupu mgbe ahụ). maka ebumnuche ndị ahụ nwere ebumnuche mbụ ma). Nke a na-akpọ ụwa adịghị n'ụzọ.: 41  Nke kachasị mkpa - nke na-agafe ọtụtụ SDG - na-arị elu ahaghị nhata, mgbanwe ihu igwe na-aga n'ihu na ụbara ọnwụ nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche.: 41  Na mgbakwunye, enwere mgbanwe n'etiti mbara ala ókè nke Ụwa na ọchịchọ maka akụ na ụba na ọdịmma; A kọwawo nke a dị ka ndị a: &quot;usoro ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ụwa na nke okike enweghị ike ịkwado ọchịchọ maka ọdịmma mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nke agbakwunyere na SDGs.&quot;: 41

N'ihi nsogbu akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta ọha na eze dị iche iche, ọtụtụ mba na-ahụ nnukwu mbelata na ọganihu e nwetara. N'Eshia dịka ọmụmaatụ, data na-egosi enweghị ọganihu na ebumnuche 2, 8,10,11, na 15. Ụzọ a tụrụ aro ka ị nweta SDG bụ: &quot;Tụpụta ihe ndị ka mkpa, lekwasị anya n'ịkwado akụkụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke SDGs, ghọta otú e si eme ya. SDG na-arụ ọrụ dị ka sistemụ enweghị ike kewaa, na-achọkwa mmekọrịta. &quot;

=== Ịtụle mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke SDGs ===
Ntụle sayensị ewepụtara na 2022 tụlere mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke SDGs. Ọ tụlere ihe karịrị akụkọ sayensị 3,000, ọkachasị sitere na sayensị mmekọrịta ọha. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ lere anya mkparịta ụka nwere ike ime, ụkpụrụ na mmetụta ụlọ ọrụ. Akọwapụtara ọnụnọ ụdị mmetụta atọ niile n'ime usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka mmetụta mgbanwe, nke bụ ebumnuche ikpeazụ nke Agenda 2030.

Mmetụta mkparịta ụka metụtara mgbanwe na arụmụka zuru ụwa ọnụ na nke mba na-eme ka ha kwekọọ na SDG. Mmetụta nkịtị ga-abụ ngbanwe na usoro omebe iwu yana usoro iwu na atumatu kwekọrọ, yana n'ihi, SDGs. Mmetụta ụlọ ọrụ ga-abụ ịmepụta ngalaba ọhụrụ, kọmitii, ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ mmemme jikọtara na mmezu nke SDG ma ọ bụ nhazi nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a.

Ntụleghachi ahụ chọpụtara na SDG nwere naanị mmetụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere oke mgbanwe ruo ugbu a. Ha nwere naanị mmetụta mkparịta ụka. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwubi okwu sara mbara nke ụkpụrụ nke ịhapụ onye ọ bụla n'azụ na nkwupụta nke ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị na-akwado ọha na eze bụ mmetụta mkparịta ụka. Ndị SDG ebutelakwa mgbanwe mgbanwe usoro iwu na ụlọ ọrụ dịpụrụ adịpụ. Agbanyeghị, enwere obi abụọ zuru ebe niile na SDG nwere ike iduba ọha mmadụ gaa n'iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe gburugburu ebe obibi n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mbara ala. Nke a bụ n'ihi na mba n'ozuzu na-ebute ụzọ SDG nke mmekọrịta ọha na eze (dịka SDGs 8 ruo 12) karịa nke metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi (dịka SDGs 13 ruo 15), bụ nke dabara na atumatu mmepe obodo ha dị ogologo.

=== Mmetụta nke ọrịa COVID-19 ===
Ọrịa COVID-19 na 2020 nwere mmetụta na ebumnuche 17 niile. Ọ bụrụla &quot;nsogbu mmadụ na nke akụ na ụba kachasị njọ n'oge ndụ.&quot;: 2  Ọrịa ọjọọ na-eyi ọganihu e mere karịsịa maka SDG 3 (ahụike), SDG 4 (agụmakwụkwọ), SDG 6 (mmiri na ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile), SDG 10 ( belata ahaghị nhata) na SDG 17 (mmekọrịta).

=== Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ndị na-adịghị mma ===
N'afọ 2019 ka ebipụtara akụkọ ọganihu ise na SDG 17. Atọ sitere na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Akụ na ụba na Ọha na Ọha na Mba (UNDESA), otu sitere na Bertelsmann Foundation na otu sitere na European Union. Ntụleghachi nke akụkọ ise ahụ tụlere nke ebumnobi iri na asaa ahụ e lebara anya na nke mbụ na nke fọdụrụ. Na nkọwa nke nchoputa, Basel Institute of Commons and Economics kwuru na Biodiversity, Peace and Social Inclusion bụ &quot;hapụrụ n'azụ&quot; site n'ihota ụkpụrụ SDGs gọọmentị bụ &quot;Ịhapụ onye ọ bụla n'azụ.&quot;

A na-arụ ụka na gọọmentị na azụmahịa na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-ebute ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọha na eze na akụ na ụba karịa ihe mgbaru ọsọ gburugburu ebe obibi (dị ka ihe mgbaru ọsọ 14 na 15) na nkwupụta okwu na omume.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+SDG preferences in the World's five major SDG reports in 2019&lt;ref name=&quot;BICE-2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leaving Biodiversity, Peace and Social Inclusion behind|url=http://commons.ch/wp-content/uploads/Synopsis_SDG_Reports_Goals_Allocation_2019.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230063855/http://commons.ch/wp-content/uploads/Synopsis_SDG_Reports_Goals_Allocation_2019.pdf|archivedate=30 December 2020|accessdate=27 November 2019|publisher=Basel Institute of Commons and Economics|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
!'''SDG Topic &amp;nbsp;'''
!'''Rank&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;'''
!'''Average Rank'''
!'''Mentions'''
|-
|Health
|1
|3.2
|1814
|-
|Energy&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Climate &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Water
|2
|4.0
|1328&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1328&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1784
|-
|Education
|3
|4.6
|1351
|-
|Poverty
|4
|6.2
|1095
|-
|Food
|5
|7.6
|693
|-
|Economic Growth
|6
|8.6
|387
|-
|Technology
|7
|8.8
|855
|-
|Inequality
|8
|9.2
|296
|-
|Gender Equality
|9
|10.0
|338
|-
|Hunger
|10
|10.6
|670
|-
|Justice
|11
|10.8
|328
|-
|Governance
|12
|11.6
|232
|-
|Decent Work
|13
|12.2
|277
|-
|Peace
|14
|12.4
|282
|-
|Clean Energy
|15
|12.6
|272
|-
|Life on Land
|16
|14.4
|250
|-
|Life below Water
|17
|15.0
|248
|-
|Social Inclusion
|18
|16.4
|22
|}

== Ihe Ndị Na-efu ==

=== Ọnụ ego ===
Otu United Nations na-eme atụmatụ na maka Africa, n'ịtụle mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ kọntinent ahụ, a ga-achọ ego ruru ijeri $1.3 kwa afọ iji nweta ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable Development n'Africa. International Monetary Fund na-ekwukwa na a ga-achọ ijeri $50 naanị iji kpuchie mmefu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Atụmatụ maka inye mmiri dị ọcha na idebe ihe ọcha maka ndị niile bi na kọntinent niile eruola ijeri US $200. Ụlọ akụ mba ụwa na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa ka e mee atụmatụ n'obodo site na mba, na-atụgharịkwa ya ugboro ugboro ka oge na-aga.

N'afọ 2014, UNCTAD mere atụmatụ ego a na-efu kwa afọ iji nweta ebumnuche UN na ijeri US $2.5 kwa afọ. Atụmatụ ọzọ sitere na 2018 (nke Basel Institute of Commons and Economics, nke na-eduzi World Social Capital Monitor) chọpụtara na iji ruo SDG niile nke a ga-achọ n'etiti US $ 2.5 na $ 5.0 trillion kwa afọ.

=== Ikike ego ===
N'afọ 2017 UN weputara otu Inter-Agency Task Force on Financing for Development (UN IATF na FfD) nke kpọrọ oku ka ha bịa mkparịta ụka ọha. The top-5 isi iyi nke ego maka mmepe e mere atụmatụ na 2018 ịbụ: ezigbo ọhụrụ sovereign ụgwọ OECD mba, agha mmefu, ukara abawanye sovereign ụgwọ OECD mba, remittances si expats na mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe, ukara mmepe enyemaka (ODA).

Rockefeller Foundation kwuputara n'afọ 2017 na &quot;Igodo nke nkwalite ego na imezu SDG bụ ịchịkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke $200+ trillion na ntinye ego nke onwe kwa afọ na-aga na mbọ mmepe, ọrụ enyemaka nwere oke ọrụ ọ ga-arụ n'ịkwalite mgbanwe a. &quot; Ndị na-enye ego buru ibu na-ekere òkè na ogbako echiche imewe nke Rockefeller Foundation kwadoro na &quot;ebe enwere mkpa dị mkpa iji nweta SDGs, ọdịda bụ ihe a na-apụghị izere ezere ma ọ bụrụ na enweghị mgbanwe dị ukwuu na otu anyị si aga maka ịkwado nnukwu mgbanwe mgbanwe.&quot;

Nnyocha meta nke e bipụtara na 2022 chọpụtara na enwere ntakịrị ihe akaebe na gọọmentị ewepụtala ego iji mejuputa SDGs, maka mmejuputa mba ma ọ bụ maka imekọ ihe ọnụ mba ụwa. SDG adịghị ka ọ gbanweela mmefu ego ọha na usoro nkenye ego n'ụzọ ọ bụla dị mkpa, ma e wezụga ụfọdụ ọnọdụ ọchịchị obodo. Enweghị ike ibugharị mmefu ego obodo n'ụzọ dị mfe.: 81

=== Ntinye ego na-akpali SDG ===
A na-atụ anya na nlekọta isi obodo ga-ekere òkè dị mkpa na ọganihu na-aga n'ihu nke SDG atumatu iji &quot;gbanwee usoro akụ na ụba na ntinye ego na-adịgide adịgide site n'iji usoro SDG gafee klaasị niile.&quot; Echiche nke SDG Driven Investment nwetara ala ọzọ n'etiti ndị na-etinye ego na ụlọ ọrụ na 2019.

Na 2017, 2018 na mmalite 2019, World Pensions Council (WPC) nwere usoro mkparịta ụka ESG lekwasịrị anya (Environmental, Social and Governance) na ndị otu ụlọ ọrụ ezumike nka (ndị ntụkwasị obi) na ndị isi itinye ego sitere na mba G20. Ọtụtụ ndị isi itinye ego ezumike nka na ndị otu bọọdụ kwadoro na ha nọ na usoro nke ịnakwere ma ọ bụ na-emepe usoro ntinye ego nke SDG, na-enwe nnukwu ọchịchọ itinye ego n'ọrụ ọchịchị - karịsịa ma a bịa n'ihe gbasara ihu igwe, nha anya nwoke na nwanyị na ọha mmadụ.

Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ, agbanyeghị, na-adọ aka ná ntị maka nhọrọ ahọpụtara nke SDGs na ihe egwu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị jikọtara na ntinye ego nkeonwe na ọnọdụ nke ụkọ ego ọha na eze na-aga n'ihu.

== Nkwurịta okwu na nkwado ==
[[Usòrò:Katherine_Maher._Wikimania_2019.jpg|thumb|[[Katherine Maher]], onye isi nchịkwa nke Wikimedia Foundation n'oge ahụ, na-ekwu maka &quot;Ọrụ nke ihe ọmụma n'efu n'ịkwalite SDGs&quot; na Stockholm, 2019]]
[[Usòrò:SDG-pyramid.jpg|thumb|Atụmatụ iji hụ SDGs iri na asaa na pyramid nwere isiokwu]]
Agenda 2030 ewepụtaghị ikike a kapịrị ọnụ maka ikwukọrịta SDG; Otú ọ dị, ma òtù mba ụwa na nke ime obodo achụọla nnukwu ihe onwunwe na-abụghị nke steeti iji kwusaa SDGS. Ụlọ ọrụ UN bụ akụkụ nke otu United Nations Development Group kpebiri ịkwado mgbasa ozi nọọrọ onwe ya iji zie ndị na-ege ntị SDG ọhụrụ ahụ. Mgbasa ozi a, Project Onye ọ bụla, nwere nkwado nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na òtù mba ụwa ndị ọzọ.

N'iji ederede nke ndị nnọchiteanya nọ na ọkwa UN depụtara, otu ndị ọkachamara nkwurịta okwu mepụtara akara ngosi maka ebumnuche ọ bụla. Ha wepụrụ aha 17 Sustainable Development Goals na ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ, wee gbaa ogbako na ọgbakọ iji gwa ndị na-ege ntị n'ụwa niile ebumnuche.

Mgbakọ Aarhus bụ mgbakọ mba mba ụwa nke emere na 2001, n'ụzọ doro anya iji gbaa ma kwalite itinye aka na ọha na eze dị irè n'ime mkpebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Nghọta ozi gbasara mgbasa ozi ọha na eze na itinye aka na ndị ntorobịa bụ okwu abụọ metụtara ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable nke mgbakọ ahụ lebara anya.

=== Ndị ọkàiwu ===
Na 2019 wee na 2021, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke United Nations António Guterres họpụtara ndị nkwado 17 SDG. Ọrụ nke ndị ọha na eze bụ ịkwalite mmata, kpalie oke ochicho, na ịkwado maka ime ngwa ngwa na SDGs. Ha bụ:

; Ndị isi oche

* Mia Mottley, Praịm Minista nke [[Barbados]].
* Justin Trudeau, Praịm Minista nke [[Kánada|Canada]].

; Ndị otu

* Eze Nwanyị Mathilde nke Belgium
* Muhammadu Sanusi nke Abụọ, Emir nke [[Kano]].
* Sheikha Moza bint Nasser, onye guzobere Education Above All Foundation.
* BLACKPINK, otu ụmụ agbọghọ K-Pop
* Richard Curtis, onye edemede, onye na-emepụta ihe na onye nduzi ihe nkiri.
* Ms. Hindou Oumarou Ibrahim, onye na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ikike ụmụ amaala.
* Graça Machel, onye guzobere [[Graça Machel|Graça Machol]] Trust.
* Dia Mirza, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na'emepụta ihe nkiri, na onye nnọchi anya [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] Environment Program Goodwill maka [[Ndia|India]].
* [[Valentina Muñoz Rabanal]], onye na-eme ngagharị iwe na [[Chile]].
* Edward Ndopu, onye guzobere Global Strategies on Inclusive Education.
* Kailash Satyarthi, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụaka n'India
* Brad Smith, osote onyeisi oche na onye isi oche, Microsoft.
* Jeffrey Sachs, onye nduzi nke Center for Sustainable Development na Mahadum Columbia.
* [[Forest Whitaker]], onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke Whitaker Peace &amp; Development Initiative.
* Hamdi Ulukaya, onye guzobere Chobani&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UN Secretary-General António Guterres announces Founder and CEO of Chobani, Mr. Hamdi Ulukaya as SDG Advocate|url=https://www.unsdgadvocates.org/news/un-secretary-general-antonio-guterres-announces-founder-and-ceo-of-chobani-mr-hamdi-ulukaya-as-sdg-advocate|accessdate=2022-07-28|work=SDG Advocates|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230516115501/https://www.unsdgadvocates.org/news/un-secretary-general-antonio-guterres-announces-founder-and-ceo-of-chobani-mr-hamdi-ulukaya-as-sdg-advocate}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe omume ụwa ===
[[Usòrò:Global_Goals_Week_Logo.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ]]
Global Goals Week bụ mmemme na-ewe kwa izu na Septemba maka mmemme, mmata, na aza ajụjụ maka ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable. Ọ bụ ntinye aka maka ndị mmekọ karịrị 100 iji hụ na ime ihe ngwa ngwa na SDG site n'ịkekọrịta echiche na ngwọta mgbanwe maka nsogbu zuru ụwa ọnụ. Nke mbụ mere na 2016. Ọ na-emekarị concurrently na Climate Week NYC.

Ememme Nkiri Arctic bụ mmemme ihe nkiri kwa afọ nke HF Productions haziri yana nke SDGs' Partnership Platform kwadoro. Emere ya na nke mbụ na 2019, a na-atụ anya na ememme a ga-eme kwa afọ na Septemba na Longyearbyen, Svalbard, [[Norway]].

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:SustainableDevelopmentGoalsLogo.svg|thumb|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide bụ atụmatụ UN]]
[[Usòrò:A_RES_71_313_E.pdf|thumb|Ọrụ nke Statistical Commission metụtara 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development nwere ebumnuche na ihe ngosi, July 2017 (UN resolution A/RES/71/313)]]
 
[[Usòrò:UN_SDGs_consulltations_in_Mariupol_(29274119644).jpg|thumb|Mkparịta ụka UN SDG na Mariupol, Ukraine]]
Agenda mmepe nke Post-2015 bụ usoro sitere na 2012 ruo 2015 nke United Nations duziri iji kọwaa usoro mmepe ụwa n'ọdịnihu nke ga-aga nke ọma ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium. Emepụtara SDGs ka ọ ga-aga nke ọma ebumnuche mmepe nke Millennium Development (MDGs) nke kwụsịrị na 2015.

Na 1983, United Nations kere World Commission on Environment and Development (nke e mesịrị mara dị ka Brundtland Commission), nke kọwara mmepe na-adigide dị ka &quot;igbo mkpa nke ugbu a n'emebighị ikike nke ọgbọ n'ọdịnihu iji gboo mkpa nke ha.&quot; N'afọ 1992, e mere ọgbakọ mbụ nke United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) ma ọ bụ Mgbakọ Ụwa na [[Rio de Janeiro]], bụ ebe e mepụtara ma nabata usoro mbụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na mmepe, nke a makwaara dị ka Agenda 21.

Na 2012, Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu na Ọganihu Sustainable (UNCSD), nke a makwaara dị ka Rio+20, mere dị ka afọ iri abụọ na-esochi UNCED. Colombia tụpụtara echiche nke SDG na mmemme nkwadebe maka Rio + 20 mere na Indonesia na July 2011. Na Septemba 2011, United Nations Department of Public Information 64th NGO Conference na Bonn, Germany welitere echiche a. Akwụkwọ nsonaazụ ahụ tụpụtara ebumnuche mmepe 17 na-adigide yana ebumnuche metụtara ya. Na nso nso a Rio+20 enwere ọtụtụ mkparịta ụka gbasara echiche nke SDG. Na Rio+20 Conference, otu mba ndị otu ruru mkpebi a maara dị ka &quot;Ọdịnihu Anyị Chọrọ&quot;. Otu n'ime isiokwu ndị a kwadoro bụ ikpochapụ ịda ogbenye, ume, mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha, ahụike, na nhazi nke mmadụ.

Na Jenụwarị 2013, e hiwere otu UN General Assembly Open Working Group (OWG) dị iri atọ na ebumnuche mmepe iji chọpụta ebumnuche akọwapụtara maka SDGs. OWG nyefere aro ha nke 8 SDGs na 169 lekwasịrị anya na nnọkọ 68th nke Mgbakọ General na Septemba 2014. Na 5 Disemba 2014, Mgbakọ Nzuko UN nabatara Nkwupụta Synthesis Secretary General, nke kwuru na ebumnuche maka post-2015 SDG. Usoro ga-adabere na atụmatụ OWG.

=== Eshia na Pacific ===

==== Australia ====
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Australia|paragraphs=2-3}}

=== Afrịka ===
Òtù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu Development Programme (UNDP) achịkọtala ozi iji gosi ka esi emepụta mmata banyere SDG n'etiti ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, ọha mmadụ na ndị ọzọ n'ọtụtụ mba Africa.

==== Naịjirịa ====

=== Europe na Middle East ===
Mba Baltic, site na Council of the Baltic Sea States, ekepụtala Baltic 2030 Action Plan., ,

==== Lebanọn ====
{{excerpt|Sustainable Development Goals and Lebanon|paragraphs=2|file=no}}

==== Siria ====
Agụmakwụkwọ dị elu na Syria malitere site na usoro mmepe na-adigide site na Mahadum Damaskọs. Site na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi pụrụ iche, malite na Osimiri Barada, oghere ndụ ndụ na ahụike.

==== United Kingdom ====
Edepụtara usoro UK iji wepụta SDG zuru ụwa ọnụ na Agenda 2030: Nyefee ebumnuche zuru ụwa ọnụ, nke ngalaba maka mmepe mba ụwa mepụtara. Na 2019, netwọk Bond nyochara ọganihu UK zuru ụwa ọnụ na ebumnuche mmepe Sustainable Development (SDGs). Akụkọ nke Bond na-akọwapụta ọdịiche dị oke mkpa ebe a na-achọkarị nlebara anya na itinye ego. Ndị otu 49 na netwọk 14 na ndị otu na-arụ ọrụ chịkọtara akụkọ ahụ.

== Hụkwa ==

* Nkwado

== Ihe odide ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==
 {{offline|med}}

* [http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdgs UN Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform - SDGs]
* &quot;[http://www.globalgoals.org Ihe mgbaru ọsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ]&quot; Mgbasa ozi na SDGs nke Project Everyone bipụtara
* [https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/database/ Global SDG Indicators Database nke United Nations]
* SDG-Tracker.org - Nnyocha anya nke ọganihu na SDGs
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230605094157/https://sdg-pathfinder.org/ SDG Pathfinder] - Nyochaa ọdịnaya na SDGs site na ụlọ ọrụ mba isii (nke OECD kwadoro)
{{Sustainable Development Goals}}{{Sustainability}}{{Poverty}}{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Mohammed Bello Adoke</title>
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      <text bytes="9393" sha1="kkv6mtl6zjvmjs32eep9vav43skr3z1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder|name=Mohammed Bello Adoke|image=|office1=[[Federal Ministry of Justice (Nigeria)|Minister for Justice and Attorney-General of the Federation]]|term_start1=6 April 2010|term_end1=29 April 2015|predecessor1=[[Adetokunbo Kayode]]|successor1=[[Abubakar Malami]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1963|9|1|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Kogi State]], [[Nigeria]]|death_date=|party=}}{{Databox}}
Mohammed Bello Adoke (amụrụ na 1 Septemba 1963) bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria. Mohammed Bello Adoke&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Profile of Mohammed Bello Adoke, FCIArb, S.A.N. General Counsel, M.A. BELLO &amp; CO|url=http://www.pointblanknews.com/os3101.html|accessdate=2022-04-21|work=www.pointblanknews.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye ọka iwu ukwu nke Naịjirịa ma họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista na-ahụ maka ikpe ziri ezi na onye ọka iwu nke Federation na 6 Eprel 2010, mgbe onye na-anọchite anya onye isi ala Goodluck Jonathan kwupụtara ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ ya. Onye isi ọkàiwu nke Naịjirịa Minista Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Attorney-General Goodluck Jonathan&lt;ref name=&quot;tday0407&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201004070116.html|title=Ministers - the Profiles|author=|first=|date=|work=ThisDay|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2010-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1252667-adoke-efcc-wasting-taxpayers-money-trial-ex-agf.html|title=EFCC is wasting taxpayers' money on my trial - Ex-AGF Adoke|author=Nnamdi|first=Onyirioha|date=2019-08-05|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Adoke na 1 Septemba 1963 na Kogi Steeti. Steeti Kogi Ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'iwu na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria n'afọ 1985, a kpọkwara ya n'ụlọikpe Naịjirịa n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1986. Mahadum Ahmadu Bello Zaria&lt;ref name=&quot;tday0407&quot;/&gt;
O nwekwara diplọma postgraduate na International Tax Law site na Mahadum Robert Kennedy na Zurich, Switzerland na diplọma na International Commercial Arbitration site na Keble College, Oxford. Zurich Switzerland Keble College Oxford&lt;ref name=&quot;pblank&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pointblanknews.com/os3101.html|title=Profile of Mohammed Bello Adoke, FCIArb, S.A.N. General Counsel, M.A. BELLO &amp; CO|author=|first=|date=|work=Point Blank News|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2010-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kwara State Schools' Management Board, Kano State Ministry of Justice na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu onwe onye tupu o guzobe ọrụ nke ya. Kwara Steeti Kano Ọ bụ onye otu Board of Peugeot Automobile site na 2006 ruo 2008 na Onye isi oche nke Board Audit Committee of Unity Bank. Peugeot&lt;ref name=&quot;tday0407&quot;/&gt;
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nnọchiteanya na England na Naijiria, na-ahụ maka esemokwu azụmahịa metụtara Shell Ultra Deep na Gọọmentị Federal nke Naijiria. Gọọmentị Steeti Lagos&lt;ref name=&quot;pblank&quot;/&gt;

A na-ahụ nhọpụta ya dị ka Minista Ikpe Ziri Ezi na Attorney General na 6 Eprel 2010 dị ka mgbalị Jonathan iji webata ụzọ ọhụrụ n'ịkwalite mgbanwe ntuli aka. Oge ya dị ka Attorney General gwụrụ na 29 Mee 2015. Ọkaiwu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/5174-Madueke-Adoke-Wya-Suleiman-get-juicy-portfolios.html|title=Madueke, Adoke, Wya, Suleiman, get juicy portfolios|author=|first=|date=|work=Peoples Daily|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728122105/http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/news/5174-Madueke-Adoke-Wya-Suleiman-get-juicy-portfolios.html|archivedate=2011-07-28|accessdate=2010-04-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ịghọ aghụghọ maka azụmahịa mmanụ Malabu ==
N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2015, ụlọ ọrụ Economic and Financial Crimes Commission kpọrọ Adoke maka ịjụ ajụjụ gbasara nkwekọrịta Malabu Oil. Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mpụ Akụ na Akụ na Ụgwọ A jụrụ ya ajụjụ n'ihe gbasara £ 22.5m (N6.18billion) furu efu nke Sani Abacha nke e nwetara n'Agwaetiti Jersey. Agwaetiti Sani Abacha nke Jersey&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailypost.ng/2016/02/23/malabu-oil-ordeal-adoke-attacks-atiku-abachas-family/|title=Malabu oil ordeal: Adoke attacks Atiku, Abacha's family|author=Godwin|first=Ameh Comrade|date=2016-02-23|work=Daily Post Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; E guzobere otu ndị ọrụ gọọmentị etiti nke gụnyere Adoke iji nyochaa ma weghachite ego ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/abacha-efcc-to-go-after-top-lawyer-over-missing-n6bn-loot/2r08ety|title=EFCC to go after top lawyer over missing N6bn loot|date=2016-02-15|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2016, a kọrọ na a nyochara ụlọ Adoke dị na Netherlands yana isi ụlọ ọrụ Royal Dutch Shell n'ihi nyocha banyere ego furu efu na ịnata iri ngo site na Malabu Oil deal. Netherlands Royal Dutch Shell&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/malabu-oil-scam-12-things-you-should-know-about-controversial-deal/p0lq57g|title=12 things you should know about controversial deal|date=2017-04-12|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-07|archivedate=2019-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807050012/https://www.pulse.ng/news/local/malabu-oil-scam-12-things-you-should-know-about-controversial-deal/p0lq57g}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.maritime-executive.com/article/shell-offices-raided-in-nigerian-corruption-probe|title=Shell Offices Raided in Nigerian Corruption Probe|work=The Maritime Executive|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2016/02/11/former-nigerian-attorney-general-bayo-ojo-quizzed-efcc-over-12-billion-malabu-scam|title=Former Nigerian Attorney General Bayo Ojo Quizzed By EFCC Over $1.2 billion Malabu Scam|date=2016-02-11|work=Sahara Reporters|accessdate=2019-08-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na otu n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2016, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka mpụ akụ na ụba na ego tinyere ebubo megide Adoke na ebubo itoolu nke na dịka ọ bụ Attorney General nke Naịjirịa, ọ kwadoro mbufe azụmahịa nke ijeri $ 1.1 na akaụntụ ụlọ akụ Naịjirị nke Dan Etete bụbu Minista Petroleum na-elekọta. Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mpụ akụ na ụba na Ego Dan Etete&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-01-21|title=FG files fresh charges against Adoke, others over Malabu oil deal|url=https://t.guardian.ng/news/fg-files-fresh-charges-against-adoke-others-over-malabu-oil-deal/|accessdate=2022-03-03|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Royal Dutch Shell na Eni kwụrụ $ 1.1 ijeri na akaụntụ gọọmentị etiti maka OPL 245 mmanụ. Royal Dutch Shell Eni&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://guardian.ng/news/efcc-files-charges-against-adoke-etete-others-over-malabu-oil-deal/|title=EFCC files charges against Adoke, Etete, others over Malabu oil deal|date=2016-12-21|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-06|archivedate=2019-08-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806150315/https://guardian.ng/news/efcc-files-charges-against-adoke-etete-others-over-malabu-oil-deal/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/2016/12/21/11bn-malabu-oil-scam-ex-agf-adoke-sent-800m-ex-minister-firm-%E2%80%93-efcc|title=$1.1bn Malabu Oil Scam: Ex-AGF Adoke Sent $800m To Ex-minister, Firm – EFCC|author=admin|date=2016-12-21|work=Sahara Reporters|accessdate=2019-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/jamesball/shell-shocks-how-an-oil-giant-secured-a-13-billion-deal|title=Shell Shocks: How One Of The World's Biggest Oil Firms Secured A $1.3 Billion Deal Mired In Corruption Allegations|author=Gatti|first=James Ball, Claudio|work=BuzzFeed|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2019, ụlọ ikpe dị elu nke Naijiria dị na Abuja nyere ikike ijide Adoke na ndị ọzọ anọ maka ịghara ịpụta na ikpe n'ihe metụtara Malabu Oil deal. Abuja&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/politics/nigerian-court-orders-arrest-of-dante-etete-mohammed-adoke-others-over-malabu-oil/1bnv1hs|title=Nigerian court orders arrest of Dante Etete, Mohammed Adoke, others over Malabu oil scandal|date=2019-04-17|work=www.pulse.ng|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-07|archivedate=2019-08-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807050008/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/politics/nigerian-court-orders-arrest-of-dante-etete-mohammed-adoke-others-over-malabu-oil/1bnv1hs}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-nigeria-oil-idUSKCN1RT21Z|title=Nigeria issues arrest warrants for ex-ministers over Malabu oil deal|date=2019-04-17|work=Reuters|accessdate=2019-08-07|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thecable.ng/opl-245-adoke-kicks-as-court-orders-his-arrest|title=OPL 245: Adoke kicks as court orders his arrest|date=2019-04-17|work=TheCable|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-08-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Naịjirịa 155 ijeri naira presidential scam: Olee otú ndị mmekọ Jonathan, ndị minista si kerịta nnukwu fairreporters.net Naịjiria 155 ijeri nke naira presidenti: Olee otú Ndị mmekọ Jonathan, Ndị minista si kesaa nnukwu fairreporter.net

== Ihe odide ==
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'''Andrea Valentina Rubio Armas''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 27, 1998) bụ Onye [[Venezuela]] na-ese onyinyo na eze nwanyị mara mma nke e kpuwere okpueze Miss International 2023, e kpuwere ya okpuezi Miss Venezuela International 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=García|first=Jessica|date=2023-10-26|title=Andrea Rubio: ¿cuántos años tiene y cuál es la estatura de la ganadora del Miss International 2023|url=https://larepublica.pe/amp/espectaculos/2023/10/26/andrea-rubio-cuantos-anos-tiene-y-cual-es-su-estatura-de-la-ganadora-del-miss-international-2023-lrtmv-1524952|accessdate=2023-10-27|work=Larepublica.pe|language=spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=VG|date=2022-11-17|title=¿Quién es Andrea Rubio, la Miss International Venezuela 2022?|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2022/11/17/quien-es-andrea-rubio-la-miss-international-venezuela-2022/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=LaPatilla.com|language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Espejo|first=Stephanie Angulo|date=2022-11-17|title=Andrea Rubio se llevó el Miss Venezuela internacional después de ganar &quot;La agencia&quot; de caracol|url=https://www.colombia.com/entretenimiento/entretenimiento-y-farandula/andrea-rubio-la-ganadora-de-la-agencia-segunda-en-miss-venezuela-2022-374137|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Colombia.com|language=spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ nọchitere anya steeti Portuguese na asọmpi Miss Venezuela 2022. Ọ bụ Miss International nke itoolu si Venezuela.
&lt;references responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
Na ngwụcha afọ 2022, Rubio laghachiri Venezuela iji sonye na Miss Venezuela 2022, dị ka otu n'ime ndị asọmpi 24.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Andrea Rubio|url=https://www.infobae.com/tag/andrea-rubio/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=infobae|language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rubio sonyere dị ka Miss Portuguesa, wee merie Miss Venezuela 2022, nke emere na Nọvemba 16, 2022, na Poliedro de Caracas. Rubio nọchiri Miss Venezuela 2020, Isbel Parra nke Región Guayana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=por|date=2022-11-17|title=Se lució- Andrea Rubio es la nueva Miss Venezuela International 2022|url=https://topvzla.com/2022/11/17/vamos-fuerte-andrea-rubio-se-convierte-en-miss-venezuela-international-2022/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=TOP VZLA|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Radio|first=Redacción BLU|date=2022-11-17|title=Andrea Rubio, ganadora del concurso La Agencia de Caracol TV, se llevó Miss Venezuela Internacional|url=https://www.bluradio.com/sociedad/estilo-de-vida/andrea-rubio-ganadora-del-concurso-la-agencia-de-caracol-tv-se-llevo-miss-venezuela-internacional-rs15|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Blu Radio|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọchịchị ya, ọ bụ onye ọbịa maka magazin ụtụtụ Venevision Portadas al Día, na onye na-akwado na Latin American Music Awards nke 2023 maka Venezuela dị ka akụkụ nke nkwadebe ya maka asọmpi Miss International. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Andrea Rubio, Miss International Venezuela 2022 se une al staff de Portada´s|url=https://www.venevision.com/notas/andrea-rubio-miss-international-venezuela-2022-se-une-al-staff-de-portadas|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=CORPORACIÓN VENEZOLANA DE TELEVISIÓN, C.A. (VENEVISION)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọzọkwa, ya na ndị otu nnọchi anya mba Japan na Caracas nwere ọtụtụ nzukọ ọdịnala na ihe omume.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Trabajando muy fuerte por esa corona&quot;: Andrea Rubio se prepara con todos los hierros para Miss Internacional|url=https://meridiano.net/farandula/farandula/266877/-trabajando-muy-fuerte-por-esa-corona---andrea-rubio-se-prepara-con-todos-los-hierros-para-miss-internacional.html|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=MERIDIANO.net|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Longo|first=Carmela|date=2023-05-08|title=Andrea Rubio: &quot;Soy explosiva&quot;|url=https://ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/chevere/andrea-rubio-soy-explosiva/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Últimas Noticias|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rubio arụwokwa ọrụ na Share for a Life [[Colombia]] Foundation (Fundación Comparte por una Vida Colombia) na 'Dignity Campaign for Migrant Girls' (Diginidad para las niñas migrantes) n'okpuru 'I Take Care of Myself, I Protect Myself Program' (Programa Me Cuido, Me Protejo) na 'I Dream, I Can Program' (Pograma Yo Sueño, Yo Puedo), na-nchịkọta ego nke ihe onwunwe na inye aka na agụmakwụkwọ ịhụ nsọ, ikike nchebe na mmetụta dị ala nke ụmụ agbọghọ ndị Roselan na-na-Vincera dị na-ndị ndụ nke ndị ntorobịa La Fron&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ANDREA RUBIO, MISS INTERNATIONAL VENEZUELA 2022, SE UNE COMO VOCERA DE LA CAMPAÑA DIGNIDAD PARA LAS NIÑAS MIGRANTES DE COMPARTE POR UNA VIDA COLOMBIA|url=http://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-miss-international-venezuela-2022-se-une-como-vocera-de-la-campana-dignidad-para-las-ninas-migrantes-de-comparte-por-una-vida-colombia|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Miss Venezuela|archivedate=2023-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603003820/https://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-miss-international-venezuela-2022-se-une-como-vocera-de-la-campana-dignidad-para-las-ninas-migrantes-de-comparte-por-una-vida-colombia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Andrea Rubio apoya el programa &quot;Me cuido, me protejo&quot; con el proyecto &quot;Yo sueño, yo puedo&quot;|url=http://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-apoya-el-programa-me-cuido-me-protejo-con-el-proyecto-yo-sueno-yo-puedo|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Miss Venezuela|archivedate=2023-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720224033/https://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-apoya-el-programa-me-cuido-me-protejo-con-el-proyecto-yo-sueno-yo-puedo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Miss International 2023 ===

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements]]</text>
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'''Andrea Valentina Rubio Armas''' (amụrụ na Nọvemba 27, 1998) bụ Onye [[Venezuela]] na-ese onyinyo na eze nwanyị mara mma nke e kpuwere okpueze Miss International 2023, e kpuwere ya okpuezi Miss Venezuela International 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=García|first=Jessica|date=2023-10-26|title=Andrea Rubio: ¿cuántos años tiene y cuál es la estatura de la ganadora del Miss International 2023|url=https://larepublica.pe/espectaculos/2023/10/26/andrea-rubio-cuantos-anos-tiene-y-cual-es-su-estatura-de-la-ganadora-del-miss-international-2023-lrtmv-1524952|accessdate=2023-10-27|work=Larepublica.pe|language=spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=VG|date=2022-11-17|title=¿Quién es Andrea Rubio, la Miss International Venezuela 2022?|url=https://www.lapatilla.com/2022/11/17/quien-es-andrea-rubio-la-miss-international-venezuela-2022/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=LaPatilla.com|language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Espejo|first=Stephanie Angulo|date=2022-11-17|title=Andrea Rubio se llevó el Miss Venezuela internacional después de ganar &quot;La agencia&quot; de caracol|url=https://www.colombia.com/entretenimiento/entretenimiento-y-farandula/andrea-rubio-la-ganadora-de-la-agencia-segunda-en-miss-venezuela-2022-374137|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Colombia.com|language=spanish}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ nọchitere anya steeti Portuguese na asọmpi Miss Venezuela 2022. Ọ bụ Miss International nke itoolu si Venezuela.
&lt;references responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
Na ngwụcha afọ 2022, Rubio laghachiri Venezuela iji sonye na Miss Venezuela 2022, dị ka otu n'ime ndị asọmpi 24.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Andrea Rubio|url=https://www.infobae.com/tag/andrea-rubio/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=infobae|language=es-ES}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rubio sonyere dị ka Miss Portuguesa, wee merie Miss Venezuela 2022, nke emere na Nọvemba 16, 2022, na Poliedro de Caracas. Rubio nọchiri Miss Venezuela 2020, Isbel Parra nke Región Guayana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=por|date=2022-11-17|title=Se lució- Andrea Rubio es la nueva Miss Venezuela International 2022|url=https://topvzla.com/2022/11/17/vamos-fuerte-andrea-rubio-se-convierte-en-miss-venezuela-international-2022/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=TOP VZLA|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Radio|first=Redacción BLU|date=2022-11-17|title=Andrea Rubio, ganadora del concurso La Agencia de Caracol TV, se llevó Miss Venezuela Internacional|url=https://www.bluradio.com/sociedad/estilo-de-vida/andrea-rubio-ganadora-del-concurso-la-agencia-de-caracol-tv-se-llevo-miss-venezuela-internacional-rs15|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Blu Radio|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọchịchị ya, ọ bụ onye ọbịa maka magazin ụtụtụ Venevision Portadas al Día, na onye na-akwado na Latin American Music Awards nke 2023 maka Venezuela dị ka akụkụ nke nkwadebe ya maka asọmpi Miss International. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Andrea Rubio, Miss International Venezuela 2022 se une al staff de Portada´s|url=https://www.venevision.com/notas/andrea-rubio-miss-international-venezuela-2022-se-une-al-staff-de-portadas|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=CORPORACIÓN VENEZOLANA DE TELEVISIÓN, C.A. (VENEVISION)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọzọkwa, ya na ndị otu nnọchi anya mba Japan na Caracas nwere ọtụtụ nzukọ ọdịnala na ihe omume.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=&quot;Trabajando muy fuerte por esa corona&quot;: Andrea Rubio se prepara con todos los hierros para Miss Internacional|url=https://meridiano.net/farandula/farandula/266877/-trabajando-muy-fuerte-por-esa-corona---andrea-rubio-se-prepara-con-todos-los-hierros-para-miss-internacional.html|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=MERIDIANO.net|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Longo|first=Carmela|date=2023-05-08|title=Andrea Rubio: &quot;Soy explosiva&quot;|url=https://ultimasnoticias.com.ve/noticias/chevere/andrea-rubio-soy-explosiva/|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Últimas Noticias|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rubio arụwokwa ọrụ na Share for a Life [[Colombia]] Foundation (Fundación Comparte por una Vida Colombia) na 'Dignity Campaign for Migrant Girls' (Diginidad para las niñas migrantes) n'okpuru 'I Take Care of Myself, I Protect Myself Program' (Programa Me Cuido, Me Protejo) na 'I Dream, I Can Program' (Pograma Yo Sueño, Yo Puedo), na-nchịkọta ego nke ihe onwunwe na inye aka na agụmakwụkwọ ịhụ nsọ, ikike nchebe na mmetụta dị ala nke ụmụ agbọghọ ndị Roselan na-na-Vincera dị na-ndị ndụ nke ndị ntorobịa La Fron&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ANDREA RUBIO, MISS INTERNATIONAL VENEZUELA 2022, SE UNE COMO VOCERA DE LA CAMPAÑA DIGNIDAD PARA LAS NIÑAS MIGRANTES DE COMPARTE POR UNA VIDA COLOMBIA|url=http://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-miss-international-venezuela-2022-se-une-como-vocera-de-la-campana-dignidad-para-las-ninas-migrantes-de-comparte-por-una-vida-colombia|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Miss Venezuela|archivedate=2023-06-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603003820/https://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-miss-international-venezuela-2022-se-une-como-vocera-de-la-campana-dignidad-para-las-ninas-migrantes-de-comparte-por-una-vida-colombia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Andrea Rubio apoya el programa &quot;Me cuido, me protejo&quot; con el proyecto &quot;Yo sueño, yo puedo&quot;|url=http://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-apoya-el-programa-me-cuido-me-protejo-con-el-proyecto-yo-sueno-yo-puedo|accessdate=2023-07-20|work=Miss Venezuela|archivedate=2023-07-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720224033/https://www.missvenezuela.com/noticia/andrea-rubio-apoya-el-programa-me-cuido-me-protejo-con-el-proyecto-yo-sueno-yo-puedo}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Miss International 2023 ===

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|2}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:All articles with unsourced statements]]</text>
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'''Nicolas Bréhal (Gérald Solnitzki) ''' (6 Disemba 1952 Paris - 31 Mee 1999 Levallois-Perret) bụ onye France na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na onye na-enyocha akwụkwọ.

Ọ bụ onye nduzi akwụkwọ ''Ụwa'' Mercure de France &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mercuredefrance.fr/titres/legerete-francaise.htm|title=Nicolas Bréhal, la légereté française|work=www.mercuredefrance.fr|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020424083125/http://www.mercuredefrance.fr/titres/legerete-francaise.htm|archivedate=2002-04-24}} &lt;/ref&gt; na onye na-enyocha akwụkwọ na Le Monde na Le ''Figaro'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.alalettre.com/auteurs-contemporains-b.php|title=Auteurs français contemporains (B) - aLaLettre|accessdate=2023-11-03|archivedate=2023-11-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103151917/https://www.alalettre.com/auteurs-contemporains-b.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ meriri Prix Valery Larbaud na Grand prix des lectrices de Elle na 1992, maka Sonate au clair de Lune. Ọ meriri Prix Renaudot nke afọ 1993, maka Les Corps célestes.

== Ọrụ ==

* ''Les Étangs de Woodfield'', Mercure de France, 1978
* ''Portrait de femme, l'automne: roman'',  Mercure de France, 1980
* ''La Pâleur et le Sang'', 1983; French &amp; European Publications, Incorporated, 1988, {{ISBN|978-0-7859-2101-1}}
* ''L'Enfant au souffle coupé'', Gallimard, 1989, {{ISBN|978-2-07-038159-3}}
* ''Neiges: pièce en quatre actes'', Mercure de France, 1995, {{ISBN|978-2-7152-1934-2}}
* ''Le Sens de la nuit'', 1998; Gallimard, 2001, {{ISBN|978-2-07-041463-5}}
* ''Sonate au clair de Lune'', Mercure de France, 1993, {{ISBN|978-2-07-038800-4}}, Grand prix des lectrices de Elle
* ''Les Corps célestes'', Gallimard, 1993, {{ISBN|978-2-07-073594-5}}
* ''Le parfait amour: roman'', Mercure de France, 1995, {{ISBN|978-2-7152-1920-5}}
* ''La légèreté française: théâtre'',  Mercure de France, 2002, {{ISBN|978-2-7152-2288-5}}

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{Cite news|url=http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/livre/le-sens-de-la-nuit_804689.html|title=Une exceptionnelle leçon de ténèbres|work=L'Express|date=1 July 2001}}
* [http://www.jmolivier.ch/brehal.htm http://www.最高livier.ch/brehal.htm]</text>
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    <title>Emilian Demougeot</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1341069459|Émilienne Demougeot]]&quot;</comment>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

Émilienne Demougeot (1910 na Bourges - 19 June 1994 na [[Montpellier]]) bụ onye France na-ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọkachamara na Late Antiquity na Early Christianity. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na mahadum French, na nwanyị mbụ prófesọ na Faculty of Letters na Mahadum Montpellier . &lt;ref name=&quot;Crises&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://crises.www.univ-montp3.fr/fr/ressources/archives/la-m%C3%A9moire-de/%C3%A9milienne-demougeot-1910-1994|title=Émilienne DEMOUGEOT (1910 - 1994)|work=CRISES|language=fr|accessdate=2018-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ ==
Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Guadeloupe site na 1917 ruo 1922, mgbe ahụ na Tangier na 1925-1926. Ọ bụbu onye nkuzi akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ kụziri na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị tupu agha ahụ, ma mesịa bụrụ onye enyemaka na Sorbonne. Ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ edemede ya, Site n'Ịdị n'Otu ruo na nkewa nke Alaeze Ukwu Rom. Essai sur le gouvernement impérial (395-410), na 1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crises&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://crises.www.univ-montp3.fr/fr/ressources/archives/la-m%C3%A9moire-de/%C3%A9milienne-demougeot-1910-1994|title=Émilienne DEMOUGEOT (1910 - 1994)|work=CRISES|language=fr|accessdate=2018-02-22}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://crises.www.univ-montp3.fr/fr/ressources/archives/la-m%C3%A9moire-de/%C3%A9milienne-demougeot-1910-1994 &quot;Émilienne DEMOUGEOT (1910 - 1994)&quot;]. ''CRISES'' (in French)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2018-02-22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie na Faculty of Letters nke Montpellier site na 1957 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1978. Ọ meriri Prix Thérouanne na 1952 maka ọrụ ya, De l'unité à la division de l'Empire Romain . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.academie-francaise.fr/emilienne-demougeot|title=Émilienne DEMOUGEOT|work=Académie française|language=fr|accessdate=2018-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site n'ihe nrite ahụ, e nyere ya franc 2,000. O hapụrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu, ọkachasị nnukwu Formation de l’Europe et les invasions barbares. O nyefere ọbá akwụkwọ ya n'ọbá akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ochie nke Mahadum Paul-Valéry na Montpellier.

== Edensibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ ==

* 1988: {{Cite book|language=fr|title=L'Empire romain et les Barbares d'Occident (IVe-VIIe siècle) : scripta varia|date=1988|location=Paris|publisher=Publications de la Sorbonne|pages=420|isbn=2-859-44177-8}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne. 1988. p.&amp;nbsp;420. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;[[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;2-859-44177-8&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt; [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]
* 1982: ''Le Colosse de Barletta'', ''Mélanges de l'École française de Rome''. Antiquité, T. 94, n°2, 1982, p. 951-978 [http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/mefr_0223-5102_1982_num_94_2_1349 read on Persée]
* 1980: in collaboration with Michel Christol, André Chastagnol, ''Mélanges de numismatique, d'archéologie et d'histoire : Offerts à Jean Lafaurie'', Société française de numismatique, 286 pages
* 1969: {{Cite book|language=fr|title=La Formation de l'Europe et les invasions barbares|location=Paris|publisher=Aubier|series=Collection historique|pages=616|url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/jds_0021-8103_1971_num_1_1_1242_t1_0074_0000_1}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;Collection historique (in French). Vol.&amp;nbsp;I. Paris: Aubier. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;p.&amp;nbsp;616.&lt;/cite&gt; [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]] , [http://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1971_num_40_1_1625_t1_0374_0000_2%7Cread online], [http://www.persee.fr/doc/ahess_0395-2649_1981_num_36_6_282805_t1_1057_0000_001%7Cread online].
* 1969: {{Cite book|language=fr|title=La Formation de l'Europe et les invasions barbares|location=Paris|publisher=Aubier|series=Collection historique|pages=410|isbn=2-7007-0146-1|url=http://www.persee.fr/doc/reg_0035-2039_1980_num_93_440_4273_t1_0273_0000_3}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;Collection historique (in French). Vol.&amp;nbsp;II. Paris: Aubier. p.&amp;nbsp;410. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;[[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;2-7007-0146-1&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt; [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]
* 1969: {{Cite book|language=fr|title=La Formation de l'Europe et les invasions barbares|publisher=Aubier|series=Collection historique|year=1979|pages=519|isbn=2-7007-0146-1}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;Collection historique (in French). Vol.&amp;nbsp;III. Aubier. 1979. p.&amp;nbsp;519. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot;&gt;[[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;bdi&gt;2-7007-0146-1&lt;/bdi&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt; [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]
* 1968: ''Remarques sur les débuts du culte impérial en Narbonnaise'' (Offprint from Provence historique, v. 18, fasc. 71) [The Sackler Library, University of Oxford, has a signed copy of this text)
* 1954: 'A propos des interventions du pape Innocent Ier dans la politique séculière' (Presses Universitaires de France) Revue historique [offprint] pp.&amp;nbsp;23–38
* 1953: ''Notes sur l'évacuation des troupes romaines en Alsace au début du Ve siècle'' (Delle: [Institut des hautes études alsaciennes])
* 1951: ''De l'unité à la division de l'Empire romain'', Paris, Adrien-Maisonneuve, 618 pages

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://recherche.univ-montp3.fr/cercam/article.php3?id_article=475&amp;var_mode=calcul Émilienne Demougeot na CERCAM]
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    <title>Mubarak Shaddad</title>
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''Mubarak al-Fadil Shaddad''' ({{Lang-ar|مبارك الفاضل شداد}}; (1915–1980) bụ ọkachamara ahụike na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba Sudan. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka ọkachamara na [[w:|obstetrics]] na [[w:|Gynaecology|gynecology]], mechaa bụrụ onye isi na [[w:|Omdurman Teaching Hospital]]. Ọ sonyeere na Òtù ndị ọrụ ahụike mba Sudan wee soro na [[w:|Nnwogha nke Ọktoba 1964]], bụ maka mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Sudan. Shaddad jere ozi na [[w:|Second Sudanese Sovereignty Council]] wee jide ọkwa onye isi ala obere oge. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Constituent Assembly mana ndị [[w:|1969 Sudanese coup d'état|ịchụpụ n'oche ọchịchị n'ike nke afọ 1969] kwaturu ya.

=== Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya  ===
A mụrụ Mubarak Al-Fadil Shaddad n'afọ 1915, na [[w:|Barah, Sudan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-02-18 |title=المبارك شداد..البرلماني الطبيب |url=https://nawafiz.net/2022/02/18/14589/ |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=نوافذ دوت نت |language=ar |accessdate=2023-12-06 |archivedate=2023-06-02 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602172742/https://nawafiz.net/2022/02/18/14589/ }}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nzere Diploma site na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ahụike Kitchener n'afọ 1934, wee rụọ ọrụ na Omdurman, Khartoum, Juba, [[w:Yei, South Sudan|Yei]], [[w:Singa, Sudan|Sinja]], Sennar, Ad-Damazin, [[w:El-Gadarif|Gedaref]] and El-Obeid.

=== Ọrụ ahụike Ya ===
Shaddad rụrụ ọrụ na [[w:|Omdurman Teaching Hospital]] 1961-1964 ebe ọ ghọrọ ọkachamara dị elu na ngalaba obstetrics na gynecology, wee bụrụ onye isi. Ntinye n'ọrụ ya ruru na Kansụl nke Òtù ndị Ahụike mba Sudan, bụ ebe ọ na-ekere òkè na-arụsi ọrụ ike maka ọtụtụ nnọkọ site na 1961 ruo 1964.

===Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ya ===
E wezụga mbọ ahụike ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya, ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa ndị dị mkpa dịka odeakwụkwọ nke [[w:|Graduates' General Congress (GG)]] na Juba site na 1939 ruo 1940, na Onye isi òtù ahụ site na 1943 ruo 1945. Òtù GGC ahụ depụtara akwụkwọ nkokọ mbụ n'afọ 1942, na-achọ nnwere onwe pụọ n'aka [[w:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan | Òtù ndị ọrụ Anglo-Egypt]]. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi obodo [[w:|El-Obeid]] ma jidekwa ọkwa onye isi oche nke [[w:Sudan Football Association|Sudan Football Association]] site na 1951 ruo 1956.&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title= |script-title=ar:الدكتور عبد الحليم محمد .. ملامح من فكره السياسي |trans-title=Dr Abdel Halim, His political philosophy |url=https://www.sudaress.com/akhirlahza/124582 |access-date=2022-12-14 |website=سودارس |language=ar |accessdate=2023-12-06 |archivedate=2022-12-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214211353/https://www.sudaress.com/akhirlahza/124582 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fadl |first=Omer |date=2009-07-23 |title=Abdel Halim {{!}} Obituary |url=http://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2009/jul/23/abdel-halim-obituary |access-date=2022-12-11 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[File:The_Second_Supreme_Council_of_State_1964-1965.jpg|thumb|The [[Second Sudanese Sovereignty Council|Second Committee of Sovereignty]] (3 December 1964–10 June 1965) from left to right: [[Tigani El Mahi]], Mubarak Shadad, [[Ibrahim Yusuf Sulayman]], [[Luigi Adwok Bong Gicomeho]] and [[Abdel Halim Mohamed]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=مجلس السيادة الثاني 1964-1965 م » Présidence de la République - Palais présidentiel |url=https://www.presidency.gov.sd/fre/page/Second-sovereignty-Council-1964-1965 |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.presidency.gov.sd}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]Shaddad bụụrụ ótù n'ime ndị nnọchianya nke [[w:Sudanese Doctors Syndicate|Doctors Syndicate]] mgbe a na-eme [[w:October 1964 Revolution|Nnwogha nke ọnwa Ọktoba 1964]]  , ama ama, na-anọ n'ihu ihu na ihe omume ahụ nke dubara na mgbanwe pụtara ìhè na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mba Sudan.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2009 |title=Obituary: Abdel Halim Mohammed Abdel Halim |url=https://www.bmj.com/bmj/section-pdf/186251?path=/bmj/338/7708/Obituaries.full.pdf |website=Brit.med.J}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akpọrọ ya ka o were ọkwá ịbụ eze, mana ọ jụrụ ya n'ihi ịbụ onye isi ala nke Lieutenant General [[w:Ibrahim Abboud|Abboud]] mgbe ahụ .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daftar Presiden Sudan {{!}} UNKRIS {{!}} Pusat Ilmu Pengetahuan |url=http://p2k.unkris.ac.id/id3/1-3065-2962/Daftar-Presiden-Sudan_99865_p2k-unkris.html |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=p2k.unkris.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mahmoud.Munir |title= |script-title=ar:&quot;برد&quot;: قصص سودانية من الثلاثينيات |trans-title=Sudanese Stories from the Thirties |url=https://www.alaraby.co.uk/culture/%22%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF%22-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B5-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=Alaraby |language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'esote mwepụ nke Abboud, ọ weere ọrụ na [[w:|Sudanese Sovereignty Council]] nke abụọ, na-eje ozi dị ka onye òtù, ma mesịa dị ka onye isi oche ngagharị site na 3 Disemba 1964 ruo 10 June 1965 &lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Daftar Presiden Sudan {{!}} UNKRIS {{!}} Pusat Ilmu Pengetahuan |url=http://p2k.unkris.ac.id/id3/1-3065-2962/Daftar-Presiden-Sudan_99865_p2k-unkris.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212155849/http://p2k.unkris.ac.id/id3/1-3065-2962/Daftar-Presiden-Sudan_99865_p2k-unkris.html |archive-date=2022-12-12 |access-date=2022-12-12 |website=p2k.unkris.ac.id}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke Kansụl ahụ, wee bụrụ onye isi steeti n'etiti 1–31 Jan 1965 na 1–10 June 1965. .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sudan (The): Sovereignty Council: 1964-1969 - Archontology.org |url=http://www.archontology.org/nations/sudan/00_1964_69_scs.php |access-date=2023-06-02 |website=www.archontology.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shaddad ghọrọ onye isi oche nke [[w:|Constituent Assembly]] maka nnọkọ 1966–1968, bụ nke nchụpụ n'oche ọchịchị n'ike nke afọ 1969 mba Sudan mechara gbasasịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=المبارك شداد..البرلماني الطبيب |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0sKXcjFLxyM |access-date=2023-06-02 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Edensibia ===
{{reflist}}

[[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1915]]
[[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]]
[[Category: Ndị afọ ọnwụ ha na-efu efu]]
[[Category: Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Sudan]]
[[Category: Ndị ọ̀gwọ́ ọrịa Sudan]]</text>
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'''[[w:Olugbemiro Jegede|Olugbemiro Jegede]]''' bụ ọkammụta larala ezumike si mba Naijiria gụrụ [[w:Science education|Science Education]]. Ọ bụ onye isi ntọala nke Mahadum [[w:|National Open University of Nigeria]]. Onye odeakwụkwọ ukwu gara aga nke [[w:|Association of African Universities]] (AAU) na onye isi nnukwu nke Mahadum Littoral, Porto-Novo, Republic of Benin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Future of Nigeria Private sector lies with Private Universities |url=https://www.thecable.ng/future-of-nigerias-education-sector-lies-with-private-varsities-says-ex-vc-of-noun}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt; {{Cite web |date=2016-01-21 |title=NOUN kwadoro Olugbemiro Jegede ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ Emeritus, wee gụchaa 10,653 |url=https://blog.aau.org/noun-confirmed-olugbemiro-jegede-as-professor -emeritus-and-graduates-10653/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=AAU Blog |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite webụ |date=2023-08- 25 |title=PRIMATE NDUKUBA ahọpụtala PROFESSOR OLUGBEMIRO JEGEDE KA NDỤMỌDỤ ỌMỤMỤ YA {{!}} Church of Nigeria (Anglican Communion) |url=https://anglican-nig.org/primate-ndukuba-appoints-professor-olugbemiro jegede-as-his-education-matters-adviser/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=FULokoja | title=.:: FUL VC kwadoro Prof. Olugbemiro Jegede na Nhọpụta dị ka Chancellor, Littoral University, Porto-Novo, Republic of Benin {{!}} Federal University Lokoja | url=https://fulokoja.edu.ng/news-page.php | nweta-date=2023-12-07 | webụsaịtị=fulokoja.edu.ng | language=en | accessdate=2023-12-28 | archivedate=2023-12-28 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231228221950/https://fulokoja.edu.ng/news-page.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Agụmakwụkwọ Ya ===
O nwetara nzere nke mbụ na nke abụọ na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria, Naijiria, wee nweta nzere Ph.D na [[w:|Mahadum College of Wales]], Cardiff, [[w:United Kingdom|UK]].&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ọrụ Ya ===
Olugbemiro Jegede malitere ọrụ ya dịka onye gụrụ akwụkwọ dịka onye nkuzi sayensị na [[w:|Nigerian Military School]], Zaria n'afọ 1972. N'afọ 1974, ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka nnyocha na ngalaba mmụta, Mahadum Ahmadu Bello, Zaria. Ọ ghọrọ onye enyemaka gụsịrị akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na Ngalaba Mmụta nke ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ n'afọ 1977, Lecturer II n'afọ 1979, Lecturer I n'afọ 1981, onye nkuzi ukwu n'afọ 1984 na onye ọkammụta nta n'afọ 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{Cite webụ | ikpeazụ=Andrew Aondofa |first=Chila |title=Prof Olugbemiro Jegede: The ABU Alumnus Who Setup the National Open University of Nigeria |url=https://www.theabusites.com/emeritus-professor-olugbemiro-jegede/?amp }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye ùgwù Ya ===
N'afọ 2015, o nwetara Ihe nrite nke Ọkachamara site na [[w:|International Council for Open and Distance Education]] (ICDE) mmemme Nzukọ Mba Uwa nke iri abụọ na isii ya nke ICDE. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-10-22 |title=Prọfesọ Olugbemiro Jegede nwetara Nrite nke Ọkachamma |url=https://blog.aau.org/professor-olugbemiro-jegede-receives-prize-of- excellence/ |access-date=2023-12-07 |website=AAU Blog |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; N’afọ 2023, e nyekwara ya onyinye nke [[w:|Association of African Universities (AAU) Higher Ambassador for Open and Distance Learning In Africa]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Obasanjo kwuru okwu na ihe nrite AAU Jegede |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/07/obasanjo-speaks-on-jegedes-aau-award/amp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Edensibia ===
{{Reflist}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jegede, Olugbemiro}}
[[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]]
[[Category: Ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ si mba Naijiria]]
[[Category: Ndị isi mahadum Naijiria ]]
[[Category:Nigerian academic administrators]]</text>
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      <text bytes="6536" sha1="goozpoibwqhdckxllraq1mxu7gan9ro" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}Hostel Returns bụ ihe na-esote ihe nkiri Nepali nke afọ 2013 Hostel ma dabere na ndụ ụlọ oriri nke ụmụ akwụkwọ injinia na Nepal.N'ịbụ nke Suraj Bhusal duziri ma bụrụ nke Maazị Sunil Rawal mepụtara, Sunil n'onwe ya na-arụ ọrụ Hostel Warden na ihe nkiri ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, ndị na-eto eto na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme egwuregwu dịka Sushil Shrestha (Pratap), Sashi Shrestha, Nazir Hussain (Rameshwor), Swostima Khadka (Elina) wdg.

== Atụmatụ ==
Hostel Returns bụ ihe nkiri Ịhụnanya nke ndị ntorobịa Nepalese nke afọ 2015 nke [[Suraj Bhusal]] duziri ma Sunil Rawal mepụtara n'okpuru ọkọlọtọ Durgish Films . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nepalimovieworld.blogspot.com/2015/01/hostel-returns.html|title=hostel returns|publisher=neplaimovieworld.blogspot.com|date=2015-01-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://xnepali.net/movies/hostel-sequel-hostel-returns-announced/?relatedposts_hit=1&amp;relatedposts_origin=26848&amp;relatedposts_position=2|title=Hostel sequel hostel returns announced|publisher=Xnepali.net|date=2014-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ihe na-esote ihe nkiri 2013 Hostel [1] ma dabere na ndụ ụlọ osisi nke ụmụ akwụkwọ injinia obodo. nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ihe nkiri Bollywood 3 idiots. N'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ ihe na-esote Hostel, ọ dịghị kpakpando gara aga a na-etinye na fim a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nfilmreviews.com/upcoming-movie/hostel-returns/|title=upcoming movie hostel returns|publisher=nfilmreviews.com|date=2014-05-08|accessdate=2024-02-21|archivedate=2015-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150928070626/http://nfilmreviews.com/upcoming-movie/hostel-returns/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nepalifilm.net/2014/10/16/get-to-know-hostel-returns-actress-swastima-khadka/|title=get to know hostel return actress swastima|publisher=nepalifilm.net|date=2014-10-16|accessdate=2024-02-21|archivedate=2018-11-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130113121/http://www.nepalifilm.net/2014/10/16/get-to-know-hostel-returns-actress-swastima-khadka/}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ezie, ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara ihu ọhụrụ nke Najir Hussain, Sushil Shrestha, [1] Sashi Shrestha , [2] Swastima Khadka, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thecinematimes.com/sushil-gets-topless-for-hostel-returns-promotion-photo-feature/|title=sushil gets topless for hostel return promotion photo feature|publisher=thecinematimes.com|date=2015-01-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sushil Sitaula, jenny shrestha na Abhaya Baral.

E bu ụzọ wepụta ihe nkiri ahụ na 8 Mee 2015 mana n'ihi ala ọma jijiji na-emebi Nepal nke mere na 25 Eprel 2015, ndị ọrụ ahụ yigharịrị ụbọchị ntọhapụ ahụ. A tọhapụrụ ya na Bhadra 4 (August 21, 2015). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://xnepali.net/movies/earthquake-hostel-returns-release-delayed-by-3-months/|title=Earthquake hostel returns delayed by 3 months|publisher=Xnepali.net|date=2014-05-08|accessdate=2024-02-21|archivedate=2016-09-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160923141214/http://xnepali.net/movies/earthquake-hostel-returns-release-delayed-by-3-months/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==

* Sushil Shrestha dị ka Pratap Raj Bhandari
* Abhaya Baral dị ka Kumar Prasai
* Sushil Sitaula dị ka Sameer Bhatta
* Najir Hussain dị ka Rameshwor Yadav
* Sashi Shrestha dị ka Seema Joshi
* Swastima Khadka dị ka Elina Khadka
* Rajendra Moktan Onye na-ese ihe
* Uttam Neupane Sound mixer, Sound designerOnye na-emepụta ụda
* Sunil Rawal dị ka onye nlekọta
* jenny shrestha dị ka onye isi
* Deeya Maskey dị ka onye nkuzi (Ọdịdị pụrụ iche) 

== Egwú ==

=== Ndepụta egwu ===
 

== Nkwalite ==
Nkwalite nke Hostel Returns dị iche na nkwalite ndị ọzọ. Onye na-emepụta mgbasa ozi nke ihe nkiri bụ Dipesh Khadka. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri malitere mgbasa ozi na ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-eme n'ihu ụmụ akwụkwọ na kọleji dị iche iche. Ndị otu ahụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.myrepublica.com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&amp;news_id=90639|title=First look of hostel returns|publisher=myrepublica.com|date=2015-01-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;-elekwasị anya na ụmụ akwụkwọ dị ka ndị na-ege ntị ebe ọ bụ na ihe nkiri ahụ n'onwe ya bụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ injinia na ndị mụrụ ha.

== Nnakwere ==
E mere ihe ngosi izizi nke Hostel Returns na [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na 19 Ọgọst 2015. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://xnepali.net/movies/hostel-returns-special-show-held-in-australia-releasing-in-nepal-this-friday/|title=Hostel returns special show held in Australia releasing in nepal this Friday|publisher=Xnepali.bet|date=2015-08-19|accessdate=2024-02-21|archivedate=2016-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160714125106/http://xnepali.net/movies/hostel-returns-special-show-held-in-australia-releasing-in-nepal-this-friday/}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na Nepal na 21 Ọgọst 2015. Nlaghachi nke ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nwere oghere siri ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.merocinema.com/news/fullnews/7671/3/4|title=होस्टेल रिटर्न्स' मल्टिप्लेक्समा आक्रामक (बक्सअफिस)|publisher=merocinema.com|accessdate=2024-02-21|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100453/http://www.merocinema.com/news/fullnews/7671/3/4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọgụgụ ndị &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmyjoy.net/2015/08/hostel-returns-box-office-report.html?m=1|title=hostel returns box office report|publisher=Filmyjoy.net|date=2015-08-21|accessdate=2015-08-22|archivedate=2015-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924012926/http://www.filmyjoy.net/2015/08/hostel-returns-box-office-report.html?m=1}}&lt;/ref&gt;-eme ihe ngosi ahụ bụ 80%, na-emeri Ihe nkiri Bollywood, All Is Well.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://m.merocinema.com/news/fullnews/7675/3/4|title='होस्टेल रिटर्न्स'लाई दुईदिनमा करोड, हलिउड र बलिउडको सोज कटौती|publisher=merocinema.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; nkiri ahụ nwetara ''1 crore 1 lakh'' gross n'ime naanị ụbọchị abụọ.

== Hụkwa ==

* Hostel (ihe nkiri nke 2013) 
* Saayad
* Ala ọma jijiji na Nepal

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị
* {{IMDb title|tt6501286}}
* [http://www.filmyjoy.net/2015/01/hostel-returns.html Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Na-alaghachi Ihe nkiri Nepali 2015]</text>
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    <title>Alice Allison Dunnigan</title>
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      <text bytes="19798" sha1="l34es53eu8c8rjqtlgq2pf2da9dn2wl" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Alice Allison Dunnigan''' (Eprel 27, 1906 - May 6, 1983) &lt;ref&gt;Carraco, p. 53.&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye nta akụkọ Amerika, onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na onye edemede.&lt;ref name=&quot;James&quot;&gt;James, p. 183.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-27|title=Black History Month Spotlight: Alice Allison Dunnigan|url=https://impactnottingham.com/2022/10/black-history-month-spotlight-alice-allison-dunnigan/|accessdate=2022-11-26|work=Impact Magazine|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dunnigan bụ nwanyị Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ na-anata asambodo White House,  na nwanyị ojii mbụ so na Sineti na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ. O dere akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke akpọrọ Alice A. Dunnigan: Ahụmahụ Nwanyị Oji . [4] A na-echeta ya site na akara Kentucky Historical Society.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9W7 Waymarking] (accessed April 28, 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

Alice kọrọ banyere ọdịda nke Jim Crow n'oge 1940s na 1950s, nke kpaliri ya ịghọ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;James&quot;&gt;James, p. 183.&lt;/ref&gt;A kpọbatara ya n'ụlọ ezumezu Kentucky na 1982. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kleber&quot;&gt;Kleber, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ya dị ka onye nta akụkọ, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ ojii mbụ soro onye isi ala mgbe ọ na-eme njem, na-akọ akụkọ Harry S. Truman na 1948 njem mkpọsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kleber&quot;&gt;Kleber, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Òtù Ndị nta akụkọ nke White House mepụtara Dunnigan-Payne Ihe nrite Mmeri Ndụ iji cheta Dunnigan na onye nta akụkọ White House Ethel Payne.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-03-29|title=First two Black women in White House press corps honored with lifetime achievement awards|language=en-US|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ethel-payne-alice-dunnigan-white-house-correspondents-association-dinner-whcd/|accessdate=2022-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Alice Dunnigan n'Eprel 27, 1906, nso Russellville, Kentucky, nye Willie na Lena Pittman Allison.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kleber&quot;&gt;Kleber, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt; Dunnigan bụ onye ojii, onye America, na agbụrụ ọcha, nwere njikọ na ezinụlọ ndị ohu na ndị nwere ohu..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dunnigan|first=Alice|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1458018/pdf|title=Alone atop the Hill: The Autobiography of Alice Dunnigan, Pioneer of the National Black Press|date=2015|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=978-0-8203-4860-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na nna ya bụ onye na-eketa ihe, nne ya na-asakwa ákwà maka ndụ ya, ezinụlọ Dunnigan nwere &quot;enwere nke ọma&quot; n'ụzọ dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ezinụlọ ndị isi ojii ndị ọzọ nọ n'ógbè ahụ; ha nwere ala nke aka ha ma nwee nnukwu ụlọ ha gbasaworo na ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. A zụlitere ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya, bụ́ Russell, n'ezinụlọ ndị na-akpachi anya, na-atụkwa anya na ha ga-arụsi ọrụ ike. O nwere ndị enyi ole na ole mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ma mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma amachibidoro inwe enyi nwoke. Ọ malitere ịga akwụkwọ otu ụbọchị n'izu mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ma mụta ịgụ ihe tupu ọ banye na klas nke mbụ.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, ọ malitere ide akwụkwọ maka ndị ahụ ''Owensboro Enterprise'' .  Nrọ ya bụ ịnwale ụwa site na ndụ onye nta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Streit&quot;&gt;Streitmatter, p. 108.&lt;/ref&gt;

Alice gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Knob City High School &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Talbott|first=Tim|title=Alice Allison Dunnigan|url=https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/292|accessdate=2020-11-18|work=ExploreKYHistory|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nkuzi na Kentucky Normal and Industrial Institute, &lt;ref&gt;Carraco, p. 54.&lt;/ref&gt; ọ kụziri Kentucky History na Todd County School System, nke kewara ekewa n'oge ahụ. N'ịchọpụta na klas ya amaghị banyere onyinye [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Afrịka Amerịka]] nyere na Commonwealth, ọ malitere ịkwadebe Akwụkwọ akụkọ Kentucky dị ka ihe mgbakwunye maka ederede achọrọ.[3] A chịkọtara ha ma mepụta ha n'ihe odide na 1939, ma mesịa bipụta ha na 1982 n'aha Akụkọ na-adọrọ adọrọ nke ojii Kentuckians: Ihe Nketa na Omenala Ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WIK&quot;&gt;[http://www.womeninkentucky.com/site/journalism/dunnigan.html Women in Journalism] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027131107/http://www.womeninkentucky.com/site/journalism/dunnigan.html |date=October 27, 2012 }} (accessed April 28, 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 1947 ruo 1961, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ Washington nke jikọtara pịa Negro. N'afọ 1947 ọ bụ onye otu Senate na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ, na 1948 ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya Ụlọ ọcha. N'afọ 1961, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ na Kọmitii Onye isi ala na Ohere Ịha nhata. Site na 1967 ruo 1970 ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Kọmitii Onye isi ala na Ohere Ndị Ntorobịa. 

A họpụtara Dunnigan dị ka onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ na Kọmitii Onye isi ala na Ohere Ọrụ Ịha nhata na 1961 ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Kọmiti Onye isi ala maka Ohere Ndị Ntorobịa site na 1967 ruo 1970. Dunnigan bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ so na Sineti na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ (1947), na nwanyị ojii mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ na Ụlọ ọcha na 1948. 

== Ọrụ ==
Dunnigan kọrọ na ndị omeiwu na ege ntị ebe a na-akpọ ndị isi ojii &quot;ndị ojii,&quot; ka a machibidoro ikpuchi okwu nke Onye isi ala Dwight D. Eisenhower na ụlọ ihe nkiri naanị ndị ọcha, a naghịkwa ekwe ka ya na ndị nta akụkọ nọrọ iji kpuchie olili ozu sinator Robert A. Taft - ọ kpuchiri ihe omume ahụ site n'oche na ngalaba onye ọrụ ahụ. A maara Dunnigan maka ụdị akụkọ ya na-agbapụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezere ịza ajụjụ ya siri ike, nke na emetụtakarị okwu agbụrụ.

Ọrụ Dunnigan na nta akụkọ malitere mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, mgbe ọ malitere ide akụkọ otu ahịrịokwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Owensboro Enterprise mpaghara. Ọ gụchara afọ iri dịịrị ndị isi ojii na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ Russellville kewapụrụ iche, mana ndị mụrụ ya ahụghị uru ọ bụla n'ikwe ka nwa ha nwanyị gaa n'ihu agụmakwụkwọ ya. Otu onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ Sunday tinyere aka, e kwekwara Dunnigan ịga mahadum. Ka ọ na-erule na mahadum, Dunnigan etinyela uche ya n'ịghọ onye nkuzi, wee gụchaa nkuzi na mahadum steeti Kentucky ugbu a. Dunnigan bụ onye nkụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na Kentucky malite na 1924 ruo 1942. Alụmdi na nwunye were afọ anọ na Walter Dickenson nke Ugwu Pisgeh kwụsịrị n'ịgba alụkwaghịm na 1930. Ọ lụrụ Charles Dunnigan, bụ́ enyi ha bụ nwata, na January 8, 1932. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere otu nwa. , Robert William, wee kewaa na 1953..

Dịka onye nkuzi na-eto eto na sistemu ụlọ akwụkwọ Todd County kewapụrụ iche, Dunnigan kuziri nkuzi na akụkọ Kentucky. Ọ matara ngwa ngwa na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ha amataghị onyinye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị America America na steeti Kentucky. Ọ malitere ịkwadebe &quot;Kentucky Fact Sheets&quot; na-enyefe ha ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye na ederede achọrọ. E           chịkọta                                        chikota                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ›› an ] akw `` `` ``. Associated Publishers Inc. mechara bipụta akụkọ ndị ahụ na 1982 dị ka Akụkọ Na-atọ ụtọ nke Ndị Kentuckians ojii: Ihe Nketa na Omenala Ha. Obere ụgwọ ọ na-enweta n'ịkụzi manyere ya ịrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma n'ime ọnwa okpomọkụ, mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ na-anọghị na nnọkọ. Ọ na-asa nkume ili ndị dị n’ili ndị ọcha ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ awa anọ kwa ụbọchị n’ebe a na-asa mmiri ara ehi, na-ehicha ụlọ maka otu ezinụlọ, na-asakwara ezinụlọ ọzọ aka n’abalị, na-enweta ngụkọta nke ihe dị ka dollar asaa kwa izu.

Oku maka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị pụtara na 1942, Dunnigan kwagara Washington, D.C., n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] na-achọ ụgwọ ka mma na ọrụ gọọmentị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmentị etiti site na 1942 ruo 1946, wee were otu afọ nkuzi abalị na Mahadum Howard. N'afọ 1946, e nyere ya ọrụ ide akwụkwọ maka ''The Chicago Defender'' dị ka onye nta akụkọ Washington. Onye na-agbachitere bụ kwa izu nke ndị ojii na-ejighị okwu &quot;Negro&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;oji&quot; na ibe ya. Kama nke ahụ, a na-akpọ ndị Afrịka Amerịka dị ka &quot;Race&quot; na ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ojii dị ka &quot;ndị ikom na ndị inyom agbụrụ.&quot; N'ejighị n'aka na Dunnigan nwere ikike, onye nchịkọta akụkọ Onye agbachitere kwụrụ ya obere ego karịa ndị ogbo ya nwoke ruo mgbe ọ ga-egosipụta uru ya. O ji ọrụ ide ihe gbakwunyere ego ọ na-enweta.

Dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ maka ọrụ akụkọ Associated Negro Press, Dunnigan chọrọ nzere ndị nta akụkọ iji kpuchie Congress na Senate. Kọmiti na-ahụ maka ndị nta akụkọ (ndị nta akụkọ bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Congress) jụrụ arịrịọ ya n'ihi na ọ na-ede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu, na ndị nta akụkọ na-ekpuchi US Capitol na-achọ ka ha dee maka mbipụta kwa ụbọchị. Otú ọ dị, ọnwa isii ka e mesịrị, e nyere ya ikike nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ Afrika-Amerịka iji nweta nzere ntozu. N'afọ 1947, a kpọrọ ya onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Associate Negro Press, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ afọ 14.

Na 1948 Dunnigan bụ otu n'ime ndị Afrịka atọ na otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị abụọ nọ n'òtù ndị nta akụkọ na-esochi mkpọsa nke President Harry S. Truman nke Western, na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ya iji mee ya. N'afọ ahụ kwa, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ nwanyị Amerịka-Amerịka nke mbụ na White House, ma bụrụkwa nwanyị ojii mbụ a họpụtara na Women's National Press Club. Mkpakọrịta ya na nke a na òtù ndị ọzọ nyere ya ohere ịga njem dị ukwuu na United States na Canada, Israel, South Amerịka, Afrịka, Mexico, na Caribbean. Onye isi ala Haiti François Duvalier kwanyere ya ugwu maka akụkọ ya gbasara Haiti.
[[Usòrò:Alice_Alice_Dunnigan_statue.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi nke nwanyị Africa America mbụ a nabatara na White House press corps]]
N'ime afọ ya na-ekpuchi White House, Dunnigan tara ahụhụ ọtụtụ n'ime mkparị agbụrụ nke oge ahụ, ma nwetakwara aha dị ka onye nta akụkọ siri ike. E gbochiri ya ịbanye n'ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ iji kpuchie Onye isi ala Eisenhower, ma soro ndị ohu ya nọkọọ iji kpuchie olili ozu Senator Taft. Mgbe ọ gara ọrụ nke White House, o hiere ụzọ dị ka nwunye onye ọbịa ọbịa; ọ dịghị onye nwere ike iche n'echiche nwanyị ojii na-aga emume dị otú ahụ n'onwe ya. N'oge ọchịchị abụọ nke Eisenhower, onye isi ala malitere ibu ụzọ ghara ịkpọ ya ma mesịa jụọ ya ajụjụ tupu oge eruo n'ihi na a ma na ọ na-ajụ ajụjụ ndị siri ike, na-emekarị banyere agbụrụ. Ọ dịghị onye ọzọ so n'òtù ndị nta akụkọ a chọrọ ka ha nyefee ajụjụ ha tupu e nwee ọgbakọ ndị nta akụkọ, Dunnigan jụrụ. Mgbe Kennedy wetara n'ọkwa, ọ nabatara ajụjụ siri ike Dunnigan wee zaa ha n'ezoghị ọnụ.

Na 1960 Dunnigan hapụrụ oche ya na veranda ndị nta akụkọ ka ọ were ọnọdụ na mkpọsa Lyndon B. Johnson maka nhọpụta Democratic. John F. Kennedy meriri nhọpụta ahụ, mana ọ họọrọ Johnson ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agba ọsọ ya wee kpọọ Dunnigan onye ndụmọdụ gbasara agụmakwụkwọ nke Kọmitii Onye isi ala na ohere nha nhata. Ọ nọgidere na kọmitii ahụ ruo 1965. N'agbata 1966 na 1967 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọkachamara ozi maka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na mgbe ahụ dị ka onye na-enyere aka nchịkọta akụkọ maka Onye isi oche Council of Youth Opportunity. Mgbe Richard M. Nixon weghaara onye isi ala na 1968, Dunnigan, yana ndị ọchịchị Democratic ndị ọzọ, chọtara onwe ha na-apụ na White House ka ha nwee ohere maka otu Nixon's Republican.

Mgbe ụbọchị White House gasịrị, Dunnigan laghachiri ide ihe, oge a banyere onwe ya. Akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, Ahụmahụ Nwanyị Nwanyị: Site na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ ruo White House, ka e bipụtara na 1974. Dị ka aha ya na-egosi, akwụkwọ ahụ bụ nyocha nke ndụ Dunnigan site na nwata ya na Kentucky ruo n'ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ ya ma na-ekpuchi White House na n'ime ya. . E wepụtara mbipụta akụkọ ndụ ya nke afọ 1974 ọhụrụ n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2015. Nke a bụ aha ya bụ Alone Atop of the Hill: The Autobiography of Alice Dunnigan, Pioneer of the National Black Press &lt;ref name=&quot;Columbia Journalism Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://archives.cjr.org/critical_eye/alice_dunnigan_ethel_payne.php|title=Meet the first two African American women in the White House press corps|work=Columbia Journalism Review|accessdate=March 5, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ezumike nka ya, o dekwara akụkọ na-adọrọ adọrọ nke ndị Black Kentuckians na 1982. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/allison-dunnigan-alice-1906-1983/|title=Alice Allison Dunnigan (1906-1983)|author=Robinson|first=Yonaia|date=2018-09-22|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ọrụ ya na gọọmentị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Dunnigan nwere obi ụtọ maka ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ma nweta ihe nrite akwụkwọ akụkọ 50. Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa afọ ischemic na May 6, 1983, na [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Columbia Journalism Review&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
A kpọbatara Dunnigan n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ọchịchị Black Journalist na 1985 afọ abụọ ka ọ nwụsịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Columbia Journalism Review&quot;/&gt;

Ihe oyiyi ọla nchara buru ibu bụ akụkụ nke Alice Dunnigan Memorial Park na Russellville, Kentucky.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gilliam|first=Dorothy Butler|title=Black journalist Alice Allison Dunnigan is an inspiration to female journalists like me|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/01/21/black-journalist-alice-allison-dunnigan-inspired-female-journalists-statue-column/2606681002/|accessdate=2022-11-26|work=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-ese ihe bụ Amanda Matthews mepụtara ihe ncheta ọla nchara ahụ ma kpụọ ya na Prometheus Foundry, LLC. A kpughere ihe oyiyi ahụ na Newseum na Septemba 21, 2018. Mgbe a na-asọpụrụ ya n'ebe ahụ maka ọtụtụ oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2018, a kwagara ya na Kentucky.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Zraick|first=Karen|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/us/alice-allison-dunnigan-newseum-statue.html|title=Alice Dunnigan, First Black Woman to Cover White House, Will Get Statue at Newseum|date=2018-08-23|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2020-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ ọnwa na Mahadum Kentucky, wee bugharịa ya ọzọ ka egosipụta ya na Ọbá akwụkwọ Onye isi ala Truman na Independence, Missouri..&lt;ref name=&quot;Vandiver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vandiver|first=Bailey|title='Where she belongs': Alice Dunnigan statue now in permanent Russellville location|url=https://kykernel.com/22529/news/where-she-belongs-alice-dunnigan-statue-now-in-permanent-russellville-location/|accessdate=2020-04-19|work=The Kentucky Kernel|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'August 2019, ihe ncheta Dunnigan mere ụzọ ụlọ ya na Russelville ebe o bi na Alice Dunnigan Memorial Park aha ya bụ. E kpughere ya ọzọ n'oge ememe nke gụnyere ụmụ Alice Allison Dunnigan.[3] Ogige Ncheta Alice Dunnigan dị na Russellville Historic District ma bụrụ akụkụ nke West Kentucky Ebe Afrịka Amerikan Heritage Center . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newsdemocratleader.com/news/6707/dunnigan-to-be-honored-with-bronze-statue|title=News Democrat Leader &amp;#124; Dunnigan to be honored with bronze statue|accessdate=2016-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105095845/http://newsdemocratleader.com/news/6707/dunnigan-to-be-honored-with-bronze-statue|archivedate=2016-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Òtù Ndị nta akụkọ nke White House mepụtara Dunnigan-Payne Lifetime Achievement Award iji cheta Dunnigan na onye nta akụkọ White House Ethel Payne, ụmụ nwanyị ojii abụọ mbụ na Ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi White House.&lt;ref name=&quot;whpressbrief-2023-11-30&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240328122438/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2023/11/30/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-karine-jean-pierre-and-nsc-coordinator-for-strategic-communications-john-kirby-31/ ''Press Briefing by Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre and NSC Coordinator for Strategic Communications John Kirby''], November 30, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2023, White House kpọrọ ụlọ ntuziaka ya Dunnigan-Payne iji sọpụrụ Alice Dunnigan na Ethel Payne, ụmụ nwanyị ojii abụọ mbụ nọ na Ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi White House.&lt;ref name=&quot;whpressbrief-2023-11-30&quot;/&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Akụkọ na-adọrọ mmasị nke Black Kentuckians (Associated Publishers, 1982) 
* Ahụmahụ Nwaanyị Ojii: Site n'Ụlọ Akwụkwọ ruo White House, (Dorrance, 1974) 
* ''Ajụjụ ọnụ na Alice Dunnigan'', (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, 1979) 
* &quot;Alice Allison Dunnigan,&quot; www.goddesscafe.com/FEMJOUR/dunnigan.html Writing for Social Change: Women Journalists, a project for young girls, Goddess Café
* &quot;Alice Allison Dunnigan,&quot; Great Black Kentuckians, Kentucky Commission on Human Rights[https://web.archive.org/web/20101124043545/http://kchr.ky.gov/about/gallergreatblack.htm?&amp;pageOrder=4&amp;selectedPic=22 Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Kentucky]
* Biography File nke Fisk University Library, Nashville, Tennessee
* Akwụkwọ nke Alice A. Dunnigan, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C.
* Alone Atop the Hill, Alice Allison Dunnigan, University of Georgia Press (2015).

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist|33em}}

== Edensibia ==

* {{Cite book|author=Streitmatter|first=Rodger|title=Raising Her Voice: African-American women journalists who changed history|url=https://archive.org/details/raisinghervoicea00stre|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1994|isbn=0-8131-0830-6}}
* {{Cite book|author=Crowe-Carraco|first=Carol|title=Women Who Made a Difference|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1989|isbn=0-8131-0901-9}}
* {{Cite book|author=James|first=Edward T.|title=Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-674-01488-X}}
* {{Cite book|author=Kleber|first=John E.|title=The Kentucky Encyclopedia|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1992|isbn=0-8131-1772-0}}
{{Kentucky Women Remembered|state=collapsed}}
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      <text bytes="19818" sha1="fyasqlaf1id49scxyyav65ow5uwuz03" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Alice Allison Dunnigan''' (Eprel 27, 1906 - May 6, 1983) &lt;ref&gt;Carraco, p. 53.&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye nta akụkọ [[Amerika]], onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na onye edemede.&lt;ref name=&quot;James&quot;&gt;James, p. 183.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-27|title=Black History Month Spotlight: Alice Allison Dunnigan|url=https://impactnottingham.com/2022/10/black-history-month-spotlight-alice-allison-dunnigan/|accessdate=2022-11-26|work=Impact Magazine|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dunnigan bụ nwanyị Afrịka-Amerịka mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ na-anata asambodo White House,  na nwanyị ojii mbụ so na Sineti na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ. O dere akụkọ ndụ onwe onye nke akpọrọ Alice A. Dunnigan: Ahụmahụ Nwanyị Oji . [4] A na-echeta ya site na akara Kentucky Historical Society.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WM9W7 Waymarking] (accessed April 28, 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

Alice kọrọ banyere ọdịda nke Jim Crow n'oge 1940s na 1950s, nke kpaliri ya ịghọ onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;James&quot;&gt;James, p. 183.&lt;/ref&gt;A kpọbatara ya n'ụlọ ezumezu Kentucky na 1982. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kleber&quot;&gt;Kleber, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ya dị ka onye nta akụkọ, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ ojii mbụ soro onye isi ala mgbe ọ na-eme njem, na-akọ akụkọ Harry S. Truman na 1948 njem mkpọsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kleber&quot;&gt;Kleber, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Òtù Ndị nta akụkọ nke White House mepụtara Dunnigan-Payne Ihe nrite Mmeri Ndụ iji cheta Dunnigan na onye nta akụkọ White House Ethel Payne.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-03-29|title=First two Black women in White House press corps honored with lifetime achievement awards|language=en-US|work=CBS News|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ethel-payne-alice-dunnigan-white-house-correspondents-association-dinner-whcd/|accessdate=2022-05-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Alice Dunnigan n'Eprel 27, 1906, nso Russellville, [[Kentórkị|Kentucky]], nye Willie na Lena Pittman Allison.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kleber&quot;&gt;Kleber, p. 274.&lt;/ref&gt; Dunnigan bụ onye ojii, onye America, na agbụrụ ọcha, nwere njikọ na ezinụlọ ndị ohu na ndị nwere ohu..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dunnigan|first=Alice|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/chapter/1458018/pdf|title=Alone atop the Hill: The Autobiography of Alice Dunnigan, Pioneer of the National Black Press|date=2015|publisher=University of Georgia Press|isbn=978-0-8203-4860-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na nna ya bụ onye na-eketa ihe, nne ya na-asakwa ákwà maka ndụ ya, ezinụlọ Dunnigan nwere &quot;enwere nke ọma&quot; n'ụzọ dị iche iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere ezinụlọ ndị isi ojii ndị ọzọ nọ n'ógbè ahụ; ha nwere ala nke aka ha ma nwee nnukwu ụlọ ha gbasaworo na ya kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. A zụlitere ya na nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya, bụ́ Russell, n'ezinụlọ ndị na-akpachi anya, na-atụkwa anya na ha ga-arụsi ọrụ ike. O nwere ndị enyi ole na ole mgbe ọ bụ nwata, ma mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma amachibidoro inwe enyi nwoke. Ọ malitere ịga akwụkwọ otu ụbọchị n'izu mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ, ma mụta ịgụ ihe tupu ọ banye na klas nke mbụ.

Mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, ọ malitere ide akwụkwọ maka ndị ahụ ''Owensboro Enterprise'' .  Nrọ ya bụ ịnwale ụwa site na ndụ onye nta akụkọ akwụkwọ akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Streit&quot;&gt;Streitmatter, p. 108.&lt;/ref&gt;

Alice gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Knob City High School &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Talbott|first=Tim|title=Alice Allison Dunnigan|url=https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/292|accessdate=2020-11-18|work=ExploreKYHistory|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nkuzi na Kentucky Normal and Industrial Institute, &lt;ref&gt;Carraco, p. 54.&lt;/ref&gt; ọ kụziri Kentucky History na Todd County School System, nke kewara ekewa n'oge ahụ. N'ịchọpụta na klas ya amaghị banyere onyinye [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|ndị Afrịka Amerịka]] nyere na Commonwealth, ọ malitere ịkwadebe Akwụkwọ akụkọ Kentucky dị ka ihe mgbakwunye maka ederede achọrọ.[3] A chịkọtara ha ma mepụta ha n'ihe odide na 1939, ma mesịa bipụta ha na 1982 n'aha Akụkọ na-adọrọ adọrọ nke ojii Kentuckians: Ihe Nketa na Omenala Ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;WIK&quot;&gt;[http://www.womeninkentucky.com/site/journalism/dunnigan.html Women in Journalism] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027131107/http://www.womeninkentucky.com/site/journalism/dunnigan.html |date=October 27, 2012 }} (accessed April 28, 2009).&lt;/ref&gt;

Site na 1947 ruo 1961, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nke ụlọ ọrụ Washington nke jikọtara pịa Negro. N'afọ 1947 ọ bụ onye otu Senate na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ, na 1948 ọ ghọrọ onye nnọchi anya Ụlọ ọcha. N'afọ 1961, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ na Kọmitii Onye isi ala na Ohere Ịha nhata. Site na 1967 ruo 1970 ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Kọmitii Onye isi ala na Ohere Ndị Ntorobịa. 

A họpụtara Dunnigan dị ka onye ndụmọdụ agụmakwụkwọ na Kọmitii Onye isi ala na Ohere Ọrụ Ịha nhata na 1961 ma bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ na Kọmiti Onye isi ala maka Ohere Ndị Ntorobịa site na 1967 ruo 1970. Dunnigan bụ nwanyị ojii mbụ so na Sineti na Ụlọ ndị nnọchiteanya nke ụlọ akwụkwọ akụkọ (1947), na nwanyị ojii mbụ na-ede akwụkwọ na Ụlọ ọcha na 1948. 

== Ọrụ ==
Dunnigan kọrọ na ndị omeiwu na ege ntị ebe a na-akpọ ndị isi ojii &quot;ndị ojii,&quot; ka a machibidoro ikpuchi okwu nke Onye isi ala Dwight D. Eisenhower na ụlọ ihe nkiri naanị ndị ọcha, a naghịkwa ekwe ka ya na ndị nta akụkọ nọrọ iji kpuchie olili ozu sinator Robert A. Taft - ọ kpuchiri ihe omume ahụ site n'oche na ngalaba onye ọrụ ahụ. A maara Dunnigan maka ụdị akụkọ ya na-agbapụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi. Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ezere ịza ajụjụ ya siri ike, nke na emetụtakarị okwu agbụrụ.

Ọrụ Dunnigan na nta akụkọ malitere mgbe ọ dị afọ 13, mgbe ọ malitere ide akụkọ otu ahịrịokwu maka akwụkwọ akụkọ Owensboro Enterprise mpaghara. Ọ gụchara afọ iri dịịrị ndị isi ojii na usoro ụlọ akwụkwọ Russellville kewapụrụ iche, mana ndị mụrụ ya ahụghị uru ọ bụla n'ikwe ka nwa ha nwanyị gaa n'ihu agụmakwụkwọ ya. Otu onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ Sunday tinyere aka, e kwekwara Dunnigan ịga mahadum. Ka ọ na-erule na mahadum, Dunnigan etinyela uche ya n'ịghọ onye nkuzi, wee gụchaa nkuzi na mahadum steeti Kentucky ugbu a. Dunnigan bụ onye nkụzi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na Kentucky malite na 1924 ruo 1942. Alụmdi na nwunye were afọ anọ na Walter Dickenson nke Ugwu Pisgeh kwụsịrị n'ịgba alụkwaghịm na 1930. Ọ lụrụ Charles Dunnigan, bụ́ enyi ha bụ nwata, na January 8, 1932. Di na nwunye ahụ nwere otu nwa. , Robert William, wee kewaa na 1953..

Dịka onye nkuzi na-eto eto na sistemu ụlọ akwụkwọ Todd County kewapụrụ iche, Dunnigan kuziri nkuzi na akụkọ Kentucky. Ọ matara ngwa ngwa na ụmụ akwụkwọ ya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ha amataghị onyinye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị America America na steeti Kentucky. Ọ malitere ịkwadebe &quot;Kentucky Fact Sheets&quot; na-enyefe ha ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe mgbakwunye na ederede achọrọ. E           chịkọta                                        chikota                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ›› an ] akw `` `` ``. Associated Publishers Inc. mechara bipụta akụkọ ndị ahụ na 1982 dị ka Akụkọ Na-atọ ụtọ nke Ndị Kentuckians ojii: Ihe Nketa na Omenala Ha. Obere ụgwọ ọ na-enweta n'ịkụzi manyere ya ịrụ ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị na-adịghị mma n'ime ọnwa okpomọkụ, mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ na-anọghị na nnọkọ. Ọ na-asa nkume ili ndị dị n’ili ndị ọcha ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ awa anọ kwa ụbọchị n’ebe a na-asa mmiri ara ehi, na-ehicha ụlọ maka otu ezinụlọ, na-asakwara ezinụlọ ọzọ aka n’abalị, na-enweta ngụkọta nke ihe dị ka dollar asaa kwa izu.

Oku maka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị pụtara na 1942, Dunnigan kwagara Washington, D.C., n'oge [[World War II|Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ]] na-achọ ụgwọ ka mma na ọrụ gọọmentị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọrụ gọọmentị etiti site na 1942 ruo 1946, wee were otu afọ nkuzi abalị na Mahadum Howard. N'afọ 1946, e nyere ya ọrụ ide akwụkwọ maka ''The Chicago Defender'' dị ka onye nta akụkọ Washington. Onye na-agbachitere bụ kwa izu nke ndị ojii na-ejighị okwu &quot;Negro&quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;oji&quot; na ibe ya. Kama nke ahụ, a na-akpọ ndị Afrịka Amerịka dị ka &quot;Race&quot; na ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị ojii dị ka &quot;ndị ikom na ndị inyom agbụrụ.&quot; N'ejighị n'aka na Dunnigan nwere ikike, onye nchịkọta akụkọ Onye agbachitere kwụrụ ya obere ego karịa ndị ogbo ya nwoke ruo mgbe ọ ga-egosipụta uru ya. O ji ọrụ ide ihe gbakwunyere ego ọ na-enweta.

Dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ maka ọrụ akụkọ Associated Negro Press, Dunnigan chọrọ nzere ndị nta akụkọ iji kpuchie Congress na Senate. Kọmiti na-ahụ maka ndị nta akụkọ (ndị nta akụkọ bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Congress) jụrụ arịrịọ ya n'ihi na ọ na-ede maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kwa izu, na ndị nta akụkọ na-ekpuchi US Capitol na-achọ ka ha dee maka mbipụta kwa ụbọchị. Otú ọ dị, ọnwa isii ka e mesịrị, e nyere ya ikike nke akwụkwọ akụkọ, na-aghọ nwanyị mbụ Afrika-Amerịka iji nweta nzere ntozu. N'afọ 1947, a kpọrọ ya onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Associate Negro Press, ọnọdụ ọ nọrọ afọ 14.

Na 1948 Dunnigan bụ otu n'ime ndị Afrịka atọ na otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị abụọ nọ n'òtù ndị nta akụkọ na-esochi mkpọsa nke President Harry S. Truman nke Western, na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ya iji mee ya. N'afọ ahụ kwa, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ nwanyị Amerịka-Amerịka nke mbụ na White House, ma bụrụkwa nwanyị ojii mbụ a họpụtara na Women's National Press Club. Mkpakọrịta ya na nke a na òtù ndị ọzọ nyere ya ohere ịga njem dị ukwuu na United States na Canada, Israel, South Amerịka, Afrịka, Mexico, na Caribbean. Onye isi ala Haiti François Duvalier kwanyere ya ugwu maka akụkọ ya gbasara Haiti.
[[Usòrò:Alice_Alice_Dunnigan_statue.jpg|thumb|Ihe oyiyi nke nwanyị Africa America mbụ a nabatara na White House press corps]]
N'ime afọ ya na-ekpuchi White House, Dunnigan tara ahụhụ ọtụtụ n'ime mkparị agbụrụ nke oge ahụ, ma nwetakwara aha dị ka onye nta akụkọ siri ike. E gbochiri ya ịbanye n'ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ iji kpuchie Onye isi ala Eisenhower, ma soro ndị ohu ya nọkọọ iji kpuchie olili ozu Senator Taft. Mgbe ọ gara ọrụ nke White House, o hiere ụzọ dị ka nwunye onye ọbịa ọbịa; ọ dịghị onye nwere ike iche n'echiche nwanyị ojii na-aga emume dị otú ahụ n'onwe ya. N'oge ọchịchị abụọ nke Eisenhower, onye isi ala malitere ibu ụzọ ghara ịkpọ ya ma mesịa jụọ ya ajụjụ tupu oge eruo n'ihi na a ma na ọ na-ajụ ajụjụ ndị siri ike, na-emekarị banyere agbụrụ. Ọ dịghị onye ọzọ so n'òtù ndị nta akụkọ a chọrọ ka ha nyefee ajụjụ ha tupu e nwee ọgbakọ ndị nta akụkọ, Dunnigan jụrụ. Mgbe Kennedy wetara n'ọkwa, ọ nabatara ajụjụ siri ike Dunnigan wee zaa ha n'ezoghị ọnụ.

Na 1960 Dunnigan hapụrụ oche ya na veranda ndị nta akụkọ ka ọ were ọnọdụ na mkpọsa Lyndon B. Johnson maka nhọpụta Democratic. John F. Kennedy meriri nhọpụta ahụ, mana ọ họọrọ Johnson ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agba ọsọ ya wee kpọọ Dunnigan onye ndụmọdụ gbasara agụmakwụkwọ nke Kọmitii Onye isi ala na ohere nha nhata. Ọ nọgidere na kọmitii ahụ ruo 1965. N'agbata 1966 na 1967 ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọkachamara ozi maka Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ na mgbe ahụ dị ka onye na-enyere aka nchịkọta akụkọ maka Onye isi oche Council of Youth Opportunity. Mgbe Richard M. Nixon weghaara onye isi ala na 1968, Dunnigan, yana ndị ọchịchị Democratic ndị ọzọ, chọtara onwe ha na-apụ na White House ka ha nwee ohere maka otu Nixon's Republican.

Mgbe ụbọchị White House gasịrị, Dunnigan laghachiri ide ihe, oge a banyere onwe ya. Akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, Ahụmahụ Nwanyị Nwanyị: Site na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ ruo White House, ka e bipụtara na 1974. Dị ka aha ya na-egosi, akwụkwọ ahụ bụ nyocha nke ndụ Dunnigan site na nwata ya na Kentucky ruo n'ọrụ ọsụ ụzọ ya ma na-ekpuchi White House na n'ime ya. . E wepụtara mbipụta akụkọ ndụ ya nke afọ 1974 ọhụrụ n'ọnwa Febụwarị 2015. Nke a bụ aha ya bụ Alone Atop of the Hill: The Autobiography of Alice Dunnigan, Pioneer of the National Black Press &lt;ref name=&quot;Columbia Journalism Review&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://archives.cjr.org/critical_eye/alice_dunnigan_ethel_payne.php|title=Meet the first two African American women in the White House press corps|work=Columbia Journalism Review|accessdate=March 5, 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ezumike nka ya, o dekwara akụkọ na-adọrọ adọrọ nke ndị Black Kentuckians na 1982. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/allison-dunnigan-alice-1906-1983/|title=Alice Allison Dunnigan (1906-1983)|author=Robinson|first=Yonaia|date=2018-09-22|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-04-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'agbanyeghị nnukwu ọrụ ya na gọọmentị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, Dunnigan nwere obi ụtọ maka ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ma nweta ihe nrite akwụkwọ akụkọ 50. Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ọrịa afọ ischemic na May 6, 1983, na [[Washington, D.C.]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Columbia Journalism Review&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
A kpọbatara Dunnigan n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ọchịchị Black Journalist na 1985 afọ abụọ ka ọ nwụsịrị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Columbia Journalism Review&quot;/&gt;

Ihe oyiyi ọla nchara buru ibu bụ akụkụ nke Alice Dunnigan Memorial Park na Russellville, Kentucky.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gilliam|first=Dorothy Butler|title=Black journalist Alice Allison Dunnigan is an inspiration to female journalists like me|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/01/21/black-journalist-alice-allison-dunnigan-inspired-female-journalists-statue-column/2606681002/|accessdate=2022-11-26|work=USA TODAY|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye na-ese ihe bụ Amanda Matthews mepụtara ihe ncheta ọla nchara ahụ ma kpụọ ya na Prometheus Foundry, LLC. A kpughere ihe oyiyi ahụ na Newseum na Septemba 21, 2018. Mgbe a na-asọpụrụ ya n'ebe ahụ maka ọtụtụ oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2018, a kwagara ya na Kentucky.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Zraick|first=Karen|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/23/us/alice-allison-dunnigan-newseum-statue.html|title=Alice Dunnigan, First Black Woman to Cover White House, Will Get Statue at Newseum|date=2018-08-23|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2020-04-19|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ ọnwa na Mahadum Kentucky, wee bugharịa ya ọzọ ka egosipụta ya na Ọbá akwụkwọ Onye isi ala Truman na Independence, Missouri..&lt;ref name=&quot;Vandiver&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vandiver|first=Bailey|title='Where she belongs': Alice Dunnigan statue now in permanent Russellville location|url=https://kykernel.com/22529/news/where-she-belongs-alice-dunnigan-statue-now-in-permanent-russellville-location/|accessdate=2020-04-19|work=The Kentucky Kernel|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'August 2019, ihe ncheta Dunnigan mere ụzọ ụlọ ya na Russelville ebe o bi na Alice Dunnigan Memorial Park aha ya bụ. E kpughere ya ọzọ n'oge ememe nke gụnyere ụmụ Alice Allison Dunnigan.[3] Ogige Ncheta Alice Dunnigan dị na Russellville Historic District ma bụrụ akụkụ nke West Kentucky Ebe Afrịka Amerikan Heritage Center . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newsdemocratleader.com/news/6707/dunnigan-to-be-honored-with-bronze-statue|title=News Democrat Leader &amp;#124; Dunnigan to be honored with bronze statue|accessdate=2016-11-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161105095845/http://newsdemocratleader.com/news/6707/dunnigan-to-be-honored-with-bronze-statue|archivedate=2016-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2022, Òtù Ndị nta akụkọ nke White House mepụtara Dunnigan-Payne Lifetime Achievement Award iji cheta Dunnigan na onye nta akụkọ White House Ethel Payne, ụmụ nwanyị ojii abụọ mbụ na Ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi White House.&lt;ref name=&quot;whpressbrief-2023-11-30&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240328122438/https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2023/11/30/press-briefing-by-press-secretary-karine-jean-pierre-and-nsc-coordinator-for-strategic-communications-john-kirby-31/ ''Press Briefing by Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre and NSC Coordinator for Strategic Communications John Kirby''], November 30, 2023.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;/&gt;

N'abalị iri atọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 2023, White House kpọrọ ụlọ ntuziaka ya Dunnigan-Payne iji sọpụrụ Alice Dunnigan na Ethel Payne, ụmụ nwanyị ojii abụọ mbụ nọ na Ndị ọrụ mgbasa ozi White House.&lt;ref name=&quot;whpressbrief-2023-11-30&quot;/&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Akụkọ na-adọrọ mmasị nke Black Kentuckians (Associated Publishers, 1982) 
* Ahụmahụ Nwaanyị Ojii: Site n'Ụlọ Akwụkwọ ruo White House, (Dorrance, 1974) 
* ''Ajụjụ ọnụ na Alice Dunnigan'', (Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe College, 1979) 
* &quot;Alice Allison Dunnigan,&quot; www.goddesscafe.com/FEMJOUR/dunnigan.html Writing for Social Change: Women Journalists, a project for young girls, Goddess Café
* &quot;Alice Allison Dunnigan,&quot; Great Black Kentuckians, Kentucky Commission on Human Rights[https://web.archive.org/web/20101124043545/http://kchr.ky.gov/about/gallergreatblack.htm?&amp;pageOrder=4&amp;selectedPic=22 Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na Kentucky]
* Biography File nke Fisk University Library, Nashville, Tennessee
* Akwụkwọ nke Alice A. Dunnigan, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C.
* Alone Atop the Hill, Alice Allison Dunnigan, University of Georgia Press (2015).

== Ihe edeturu ==
{{Reflist|33em}}

== Edensibia ==

* {{Cite book|author=Streitmatter|first=Rodger|title=Raising Her Voice: African-American women journalists who changed history|url=https://archive.org/details/raisinghervoicea00stre|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1994|isbn=0-8131-0830-6}}
* {{Cite book|author=Crowe-Carraco|first=Carol|title=Women Who Made a Difference|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1989|isbn=0-8131-0901-9}}
* {{Cite book|author=James|first=Edward T.|title=Notable American Women: A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=Harvard University Press|year=2004|isbn=0-674-01488-X}}
* {{Cite book|author=Kleber|first=John E.|title=The Kentucky Encyclopedia|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|year=1992|isbn=0-8131-1772-0}}
{{Kentucky Women Remembered|state=collapsed}}
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{{Databox}}Nchekwa nri abụrụla ihe na-ewutekarị na [[Ndia|India]] . Na 2022, Global Food Security Index depụtara India na 68th n'ime mba 113 bụ isi n'ihe gbasara nchekwa nri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Global Food Security Index (GFSI)|url=https://impact.economist.com/sustainability/project/food-security-index/|work=The Economist|date=7 February 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2023, Global Hunger Index họọrọ India na 111th n'ime mba 125. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=India slips in Global Hunger Index, ranks 107 out of 121 nations|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/10/15/india-hunger|work=Al Jazeera|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|United Nations]] si kwuo, e nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nde mmadụ 195 na-erijughị afọ na India bụ ndị mejupụtara otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị na-erijughị afọ n'ụwa. Na mgbakwunye, ihe dị ka 43% nke ụmụaka nọ n'India anaghị eri nri na-adịghị ala ala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://in.one.un.org/un-priority-areas-in-india/nutrition-and-food-security/|title=Nutrition and Food Security - UN India|work=UN India|accessdate=5 January 2018|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na ụkpụrụ oriri na-edozi ahụ ugbu a na-ezute 100% nke ihe oriri kwa ụbọchị, India dị anya n'azụ n'ihe gbasara protein dị mma na 20%; Enwere ike ibelata adịghị ike a site n'ime ka ngwaahịa nri nwere protein dị ka soybeans, lentil, anụ, àkwá, mmiri ara ehi, wdg. dị mfe ịnweta ma dị ọnụ ala maka ụmụ amaala India. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Country/Details#India|title=India: Global Food Security Index|accessdate=11 January 2019|archivedate=12 July 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120712235613/http://foodsecurityindex.eiu.com/Country/Details#India}}&lt;/ref&gt; Initiative Measurement Measurement Initiative &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Human Rights Measurement Initiative – The first global initiative to track the human rights performance of countries|url=https://humanrightsmeasurement.org/|accessdate=2022-02-24|work=humanrightsmeasurement.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; chọpụtara na India na-arụ ọrụ naanị 56.8% nke ikike ya dabere na ikike akụ na ụba ya iji hụ na ụmụ amaala ya nwere nchekwa nri zuru oke. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=India - HRMI Rights Tracker|url=https://rightstracker.org/|accessdate=2022-02-24|work=rightstracker.org|language=en|archivedate=2022-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519142734/https://rightstracker.org/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iwu ==
Iji hụ na [[Ikike inwe nri|ikike ụmụ amaala nwere ikike ịnweta nri dị ọnụ ala]], nzuko omeiwu nke India webatara iwu nchekwa nchekwa nri mba na 2013. A makwaara dị ka Iwu ikike nri, iwu a na-achọ ịnye ọka nri akwadoro ihe dị ka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị bi na [[Ndia|India]] ijeri 1.33. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Ordinances/Food%20Security%20Ordinance%202013.pdf|title=National Food Security Act|publisher=PRS Legislative Research|accessdate=5 January 2018|archivedate=27 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180127152648/http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Ordinances/Food%20Security%20Ordinance%202013.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; A bịanyere aka na ya na iwu na 10 Septemba 2013, retroactive ruo 5 Julaị 2013. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=99309|title=Press Information Bureau|accessdate=5 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.btvin.com/videos/watch/7714/food-security-act-to-be-implemented-from-july-5|title=Food Security Act To Be Implemented From June 5|work=BTVI.in|accessdate=5 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Atụmatụ gọọmentị ==

=== Central Initiatives ===

* E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ nri nke India (FCI) na 1965 maka ebumnuche ịzụ ahịa, nchekwa na nkesa ọka nri. Ọ na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu na nchekwa nri nke India. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fci.gov.in/|title=Archive copy|accessdate=2024-04-01|archivedate=2024-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240110123143/https://fci.gov.in/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Iwu Nchekwa nri nke mba, 2013 (NFSA 2013) na-atụgharị ka ọ bụrụ ikike iwu maka mmemme nchekwa nri nke gọọmentị India dị ugbu a. Ọ gụnyekwara atụmatụ nri ehihie, atụmatụ ọrụ mmepe ụmụaka jikọtara ọnụ, yana Sistemụ Nkesa Ọha . N'afọ 2017–18, ekenyela ihe karịrị ijeri Rs 1500 (7.6% nke mkpokọta mmefu gọọmentị) iji nye enyemaka nri n'okpuru Sistemụ Nkesa Ọha Ezubere (TPDS). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://unionbudget.nic.in/ub2017-18/eb/allsbe.pdf|title=Expenditure Budget, Union Budget 2017-18|accessdate=5 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106072056/http://unionbudget.nic.in/ub2017-18/eb/allsbe.pdf|archivedate=6 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* NFSA 2013 na-amatakwa ikike ịmụ nwa. Ụmụ nwanyị dị ime, ndị nne na-enye nwa ara, na ụfọdụ ụdị ụmụaka tozuru oke iri nri n'efu kwa ụbọchị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://indiacode.nic.in/acts-in-pdf/202013.pdf|title=The National Food Security Act, 2013|author=The Gazette of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mbulite steeti ===

* Karnataka ewepụtala 'Indira Canteen', nke na-enye nri ụtụtụ, nri ehihie, na nri abalị na ọnụ ahịa dị ala. Siddaramaiah mebere echiche a dị ka CM ka ọ ghara onye ọ bụla na steeti agụụ agụụ na onye ọ bụla ga-enweta nri dị mma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Indira Canteen, Karnataka|url=https://indiracanteen.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208034050/https://indiracanteen.com/|archivedate=2020-12-08|accessdate=|work=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Andhra Pradesh akwadola Nalabothu Foundation, nke na-enye ndị nọ na mkpa nri n'efu site na ikesa ngafe nri sitere na ụlọ, ụlọ oriri na ọ restaurantụ ,ụ, azụmahịa, ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ, na nnọkọ. Prime Minista Modi webatara atụmatụ a n'uche obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=Nalabothu foundation|url=https://nalabothu.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401165137/https://nalabothu.org/|archivedate=2024-04-01|accessdate=|work=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Tamil Nadu ewepụtala 'Amma Unavagam' (ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nne), ma ọ bụ nke a na-akpọkarị Amma canteen.  Enwere ike ị nweta usoro ọmụmụ nke mmemme a na atụmatụ nke ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ọrụ ugbo nke Nimbkar tụpụtara na 2012 ma na-aga n'ihu na akụkụ ya na atụmatụ nri etiti ụbọchị . &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.huffingtonpost.in/dr-anil-k-rajvanshi/rural-poverty-removal-by-_b_6703368.html How Village Restaurants Could Change The Lives Of The Rural Poor]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ịma aka maka India ==
Enweghị ohere ịnweta nri dị ọnụ ala yana ahụike zuru ebe niile n'India. N'ihe karịrị 60% nke ndị India dabere na ọrụ ugbo maka ibi ndụ ha, ngalaba ọrụ ugbo dị oke mkpa maka ma akụ na ụba India na ọkwa nchekwa nri n'ofe mba ahụ.  Agbanyeghị, ngalaba ọrụ ugbo nke India na-eche ọtụtụ ihe ịma aka na-eto eto ihu, gụnyere nrụpụta ọrụ ugbo dị ala n'ihi mgbanwe ihu igwe na mbelata ala ubi dị n'otu akụkụ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị India na-abawanye ngwa ngwa karịa uto akụ na ụba nke na-emebi akụ ndị sitere n'okike nke India na nnweta ala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=USDA ERS - India Continues to Grapple with Food Insecurity|url=https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014/januaryfebruary/india-continues-to-grapple-with-food-insecurity/|accessdate=2023-09-07|work=www.ers.usda.gov|archivedate=2023-09-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230907190336/https://www.ers.usda.gov/amber-waves/2014/januaryfebruary/india-continues-to-grapple-with-food-insecurity/}}&lt;/ref&gt; India na-emepụta osikapa ruru nde 100 kwa afọ. Ọ bụ ezie na enwere ike ịnwe nri ga-ezuru ndị bi na India dum, ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na karịsịa ụmụaka nọ n'India enweghị ike inweta nri n'ihi nsogbu ego. Ya mere, nke a bụ ihe na-akpata ọtụtụ nde ụmụaka na-eri nri na gburugburu India. Ihe omuma omenala na India na-enye ha ohere inwe ezigbo nri na-edozi ahu na nri kwesiri ekwesi. Ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị India niile na-enwe osikapa opekata mpe otu ugboro n'ụbọchị nke na-enye ha ohere ịnweta carbohydrates na sistemụ ha. Ebe ọ bụ na a na-amakarị India maka imepụta na ibuga osikapa na mba ndị ọzọ, osikapa ga-abụ ọkachamma ụdị ndụ ha. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Swaminathan|first=M.S.|title=Food production &amp; availability - Essential prerequisites for sustainable food security|journal=The Indian Journal of Medical Research|date=2013|volume=138|issue=3|pages=383–391|pmid=24135188}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ngwọta teknụzụ ==
India nwere ike iji ụzọ ụfọdụ iji kwalite nnweta na ego nke ngwaahịa nri bara ụba protein site na iji teknụzụ enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị ọhụrụ na-enweghị mkpa ala na mmiri ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/2112298-food-made-from-natural-gas-will-soon-feed-farm-animals-and-us/|title=Food made from natural gas will soon feed farm animals – and us|accessdate=31 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; A pụkwara iji biogas ma ọ bụ gas ma ọ bụ methane emepụtara site na ugbo/agro / ihe ọkụkụ / ihe mkpofu ụlọ na mgbakwunye na gas eke a na-egwupụta maka imepụta ehi nwere protein / azụ / anụ ọkụkọ / anụ ụlọ n'ụzọ akụ na ụba site n'ịzụlite omenala nje bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi. nso mpaghara ime obodo/eri nri nwere obere ala na akwụkwọ mmiri. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ntva.no/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/04-huslid.pdf|title=BioProtein Production|accessdate=31 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510151825/http://www.ntva.no/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/04-huslid.pdf|archivedate=10 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://calysta.com/2016/11/new-venture-selects-cargills-tennessee-site-produce-calysta-feedkind-protein/|title=New venture selects Cargill's Tennessee site to produce Calysta FeedKind® Protein - Calysta|work=calysta.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220124040/http://calysta.com/2016/11/new-venture-selects-cargills-tennessee-site-produce-calysta-feedkind-protein/|archivedate=2016-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ụnwụ Bengal nke 1943
* Green mgbanwe
* Mgbanwe ọcha
* Sistemụ Nkesa Ọha
* Iwu nchekwa nri obodo, 2013
* Atụmatụ ọdịmma na India
* Antyodaya Anna Yojana

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==
Ramaswamy, S. (2017). Nchekwa nri na India. India: Ndị mbipụta MJP.

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/iess204.pdf
* Ụlọ ọrụ nri nke India - https://fci.gov.in/
* Antyodaya Anna Yojana- https://dfpd.gov.in/pds-aay.htm
* Ọrụ mmepe ụmụaka jikọtara ọnụ, India niile- https://icds-wcd.nic.in
* Ọrụ mmepe ụmụaka agbakwunyere, Tamil Nadu- https://web.archive.org/web/20210609124550/https://icds.tn.nic.in/
* Ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị mmepe, Maharashtra- https://web.archive.org/web/20240401163640/http://mahascience.org/</text>
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    <title>Ịda ogbenye na Vietnam</title>
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[[Usòrò:Poverty_in_Vietnam.jpg|thumb| Oke nke ndị bi na oke ịda ogbenye ka oge na-aga]]
[[Usòrò:Map_poverty_rates_by_district_of_vietnam_in_2010_and_2014.jpg|thumb| Map ọnụego ịda ogbenye site na mpaghara Viet Nam na 2010 na 2014.]]
{{Databox}}Ruo n'afọ ndị 1920, ọtụtụ ndị bi na Vietnam bi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye . Nke a bụ n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe kpatara ya, nke sitere na ọtụtụ afọ dị ka ndị France na-achị, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vietnam - The conquest of Vietnam by France {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vietnam/The-conquest-of-Vietnam-by-France|accessdate=2021-12-16|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndị Japan na-arụ na Vietnam, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=When the Japanese Occupied Vietnam: Part 1 {{!}} Saigoneer|url=https://saigoneer.com/vietnam-heritage/2073-when-the-japanese-occupied-vietnam-part-i|accessdate=2021-12-16|work=saigoneer.com|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vietnam-American War, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vietnam War {{!}} Facts, Summary, Years, Timeline, Casualties, Combatants, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/event/Vietnam-War|accessdate=2021-12-16|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na esemokwu ndị ọzọ n'ime Mainland Ndịda Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia (nke bụ isi. agha Cambodia-Vietnamese &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2014-09-14|title=Vietnam's forgotten Cambodian war|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-29106034|accessdate=2021-12-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Morris|first=Stephen J.|url=https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=998|title=Why Vietnam Invaded Cambodia: Political Culture and the Causes of War|date=1999|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-3049-5|location=Stanford}}&lt;/ref&gt; na agha Sino-Vietnamese &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Bitter Legacy of the 1979 China-Vietnam War|url=https://thediplomat.com/2017/02/the-bitter-legacy-of-the-1979-china-vietnam-war/|accessdate=2021-12-16|work=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ). Esemokwu na-aga n'ihu site na 1887 ruo 1991, ihe karịrị 100 afọ nke enweghị ntụkwasị obi ahapụla Vietnam obodo agha tisasịrị &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=VietnamPlus|date=2022-01-07|title=Quang Tri: 227kg bomb successfully relocated {{!}} Society {{!}} Vietnam+ (VietnamPlus)|url=https://en.vietnamplus.vn/quang-tri-227kg-bomb-successfully-relocated/220395.vnp|accessdate=2022-01-07|work=VietnamPlus|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=VnExpress|title=340-kg wartime bomb found in south central rice field - VnExpress International|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/340-kg-wartime-bomb-found-in-south-central-rice-field-4260634.html|accessdate=2022-01-07|work=VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=VnExpress|title=900-kg wartime bomb found in famous Vietnam battlefield - VnExpress International|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/900-kg-wartime-bomb-found-in-famous-vietnam-battlefield-4153515.html|accessdate=2022-01-07|work=VnExpress International – Latest news, business, travel and analysis from Vietnam|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke nwere nnukwu idei mmiri sitere na typhoons, oke oke osimiri, yana nke a na-akpọ &quot; oge idei mmiri&quot; site na udu mmiri oge ( Osimiri East [[Asia]] n'oge oyi na mmiri ozuzo South Asia n'oge okpomọkụ), yana mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Palmer|first=Michael|date=2015-07-21|title=The Economic Lives of People with Disabilities in Vietnam|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=10|issue=7|pages=e0133623|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0133623|issn=1932-6203|pmid=26197034}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=T.M|first=Hang Thai|title=In Vietnam poverty and poor development, not just floods, kill the most marginalised|url=http://theconversation.com/in-vietnam-poverty-and-poor-development-not-just-floods-kill-the-most-marginalised-82785|accessdate=2021-12-16|work=The Conversation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mook|first=Bangalore|date=2016|title=Exposure to Floods, Climate Change, and Poverty in Vietnam|url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/24846|journal=Policy Research Working Paper|language=en-US|volume=7765}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndozigharị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na nke akụ na ụba nke malitere na 1986, nke bụ usoro iwu maka nnwere onwe ahịa nke akpọrọ Đổi Mới (Mmeghari / Innovation), ọnọdụ nke ịda ogbenye na agụụ na Vietnam emeela ka ọ dịkwuo mma - site na otu n'ime mba ndị kasị daa ogbenye n'ụwa. Ego onye ọ bụla na-enweta n'okpuru US $100 kwa afọ, ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke 2013 Viet Nam ghọrọ mba etiti na-akpata ego na ego onye ọ bụla na-enweta US$1,910 (na 2013). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/2013/04/12/vietnam-achieving-success-as-a-middle-income-country|title=Vietnam: Achieving Success as a Middle-income Country|publisher=World Bank|accessdate=April 26, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnụego ịda ogbenye belatara site na pasent 58 na 1993 ruo pasent 28.9 na 2002, pasent 14.5 na 2008, ruo ihe dị ka pasent 12 na 2011. A na-eche na ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 28 bụ ndị ewepụrụla n'ịda ogbenye kemgbe iri afọ abụọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;program135&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/egms/docs/2009/Ghana/Quan.pdf|title=Programme 135 - Sharing lessons on poverty reduction and development schemes for ethnic minorities in Vietnam|publisher=United Nations|accessdate=March 6, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akuko 2014 Global Hunger Index (GHI) gosiputara Vietnam nke iri na ise n'ime mba 81 na-enwe aguu, yana GHI nke 7.5 ma e jiri ya tụnyere 27.7 di egwu na 1990 (mba nwere oke egwu (GHI ≥ 30), di egwu (GHI n'etiti 20.0 na 29.9) ma ọ bụ dị njọ (GHI n'etiti 10.0 na 19.9) ọnọdụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ifpri.org/tools/2014-ghi-map|title=2014 Global Hunger Index Map|publisher=International Food Policy Research Institute|accessdate=March 20, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; . Mmezu e nwetara na mbelata ịda ogbenye na ikpochapụ agụụ nwere nnukwu ekele ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịkwalite mmepe akụ na ụba . Otú ọ dị, Vietnam ka nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ dị n'ihu n'ịlụso ịda ogbenye na agụụ ọgụ yana maka ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ike dị ka [[Minority group|agbụrụ dị nta]], ndị nwere nkwarụ, ilekọta ndị agadi, na ndị na-adịghị ike ime mpụ . &lt;ref name=&quot;achievement&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2011/08/25/000356161_20110825031518/Rendered/PDF/642790WP0P107600Box0361535B0PUBLIC0.pdf|title=Poverty Reduction in Vietnam: Achievements and Challenges|publisher=World Bank|date=March 2011|accessdate=March 6, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bank loans help ethnic minority in Nghệ An escape poverty|url=http://vietnamnews.vn/society/1106243/bank-loans-help-ethnic-minority-in-nghe-an-escape-poverty.html|accessdate=2021-12-14|work=vietnamnews.vn|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Businesses, government abet migration, but Vietnam's 'container people' bear the risk|url=https://www.rfa.org/english/news/vietnam/europe-trafficking-12102021155942.html|accessdate=2021-12-16|work=Radio Free Asia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ngo|first=Quyen|date=2019|title=Reducing rural poverty in Vietnam: issues, policies, challenges|url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wp-content/uploads/sites/22/2019/03/Reducing-rural-poverty-in-Vietnam-Issues-Policies-Challenges.pdf|journal=}}
[[Òtù:CS1 errors: missing periodical]]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Famine_in_Vietnam,_1945_(6).jpg|thumb| Ụnwụ na Vietnam, 1945]]
N'ihe gbasara agụmakwụkwọ, ewezuga ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nke ọtụtụ ndị Vietnam zuru ezu, ọnụego mmecha ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na mbido 2021 n'afọ nke abụọ nke ọrịa [[Nje Korona|coronavirus]] bụ naanị ihe dị njọ 58%, nke agbanyeghị, sitere na naanị 55% na 2013. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|first=Viet|author=Anh|date=December 14, 2021|title=Just 58 percent of Vietnamese children graduate from high school|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/just-58-percent-of-vietnamese-children-graduate-from-high-school-4401632.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1990 ruo 2016, oke ndebanye aha Vietnam Nam na agụmakwụkwọ mahadum tolitere site na naanị 2.7% ruo 28.3%. Ka o sina dị, oke a ka dị n'okpuru nke mba ndị ọzọ na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/482cd95f-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/482cd95f-en|accessdate=2021-12-16|work=www.oecd-ilibrary.org|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216013458/https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/482cd95f-en/index.html?itemId=/content/component/482cd95f-en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mpaghara akọwapụtara nke Vietnam ebe enwere oke nha nhata nke inweta agụmakwụkwọ na akụ na ụba dọdara nkezi ala. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Dabere na akụkọ sitere na Asia Development Bank, Vietnam nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ 91.70 dị ka nke 2015, ihe dị ka otu nde mmadụ karịa afọ gara aga. &lt;ref&gt;Asian Development Bank. (2016, April). ''Basic Statistics 2016''. Retrieved 21, November 2016, from https://www.adb.org/publications/basic-statistics-2016&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2016, 5.8% nke ndị bi na-ebi n'okpuru ahịrị ịda ogbenye mba; na 2019, ọnụ ọgụgụ enweghị ọrụ bụ 2.0%. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.adb.org/countries/viet-nam/poverty|title=Poverty Data: Viet Nam|date=April 2020|publisher=Asian Development Bank|accessdate=July 12, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onu ogugu ndi mmadu bi na mkpọturu gbadara site na 60.5% na 1992 rue 13.8% ibi n'ime mkpọka site na 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Population living in slums (% of urban population) - Vietnam {{!}} Data|url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.SLUM.UR.ZS?locations=VN|accessdate=2022-02-18|work=data.worldbank.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mmekọrịta n'etiti ndị otu ===
Mbelata ịda ogbenye bụ naanị ihe ịga nke ọma ma ọ bụrụ na akụkụ niile sitere na gọọmentị gaa na ọha mmadụ na ndị na-enye onyinye, site na etiti gọọmentị etiti na ndị mmadụ n'onwe ha na-etinye aka na usoro ahụ. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa ka e kenye ọrụ na ọrụ dị iche iche nke ndị dị iche iche nke ọma na kpọmkwem. Dokwuo anya nke ọrụ ha ga-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma na ịdị n'otu dị ukwuu n'etiti ha. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120113123918/http://www.adb.org/Documents/Reports/VietNam_2010/Part1.pdf Akụkọ mmepe Vietnam (2001)] na-atụ aro ụzọ isi dozie nke a site n'ime ka ọrụ dị n'etiti gọọmentị etiti na nke ime obodo, ọrụ nke ndị ọrụ mbelata ịda ogbenye na ọkwa mpaghara, na ndị metụtara ya, maka njikwa na nnyefe nke ọrụ mbelata ịda ogbenye. . &lt;ref name=&quot;VNpoverty&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dfat.gov.au/about-us/publications/Documents/vietnam_poverty_analysis.pdf|title=Vietnam Poverty Analysis|publisher=Australian Government|date=May 9, 2002|accessdate=April 21, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Usoro nchekwa ọha ===
Usoro nchebe ọha na eze na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa maka mbelata ịda ogbenye na-adịgide adịgide. Na Vietnam, usoro nchebe ọha na eze dị ugbu a nwere ihe atọ bụ isi bụ nchekwa ọha, enyemaka mmadụ na mmemme dabeere na mpaghara. Nchekwa ọha gụnyere mkpuchi ọha, mkpuchi ahụike na mkpuchi enweghị ọrụ. Enyemaka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na-elekwasị anya na ndị na-erite uru gụnyere ndị agadi 85 na karịa ma ọ bụ ndị bi naanị ha, ndị nwere nkwarụ, ndị nwere nkwarụ uche, nne na nna nanị ha na-azụ ụmụ, ụmụ mgbei na ndị ọzọ, ebe a ga-eji mmemme ahụ dabeere na mpaghara na enyemaka mberede iji nyere aka na ọdachi ndị na-emere onwe ha. ndị a tara ahụhụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;achievement&quot;/&gt; Otú ọ dị, mmetụta dị n'akụkụ nke [[Iba|ịba]] ụba mmekọrịta ọha na eze na akụ na ụba na-edugakwa n'ịbawanye nrụgide ọha na eze. Ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu onwe onye na Vietnam abawanyela n'ime iri afọ gara aga (2000-2021), ebe ụmụ nwoke nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-enweta ọnwụ igbu onwe ha mgbe ahụ ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vietnam Suicide Rate 2000-2021|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/VNM/vietnam/suicide-rate|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=www.macrotrends.net}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọnụ ọgụgụ igbu onwe onye enweela ahaghị nhata nke nwoke na nwanyị n'ofe ọtụtụ mba ma ọ bụ mba ma ọ bụ ndị mmadụ. Dị ka nke a, usoro nchebe ọha na eze ( ''tư-vấn tâm-lý,'' ndụmọdụ uche-ndụ na Vietnamese) maka ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke igbu onwe ( ''tự tử'' ma ọ bụ ''tự sát'' ) dị mkpa, na-enwekwu nyocha na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mgbochi igbu onwe maka Vietnamese chọrọ. . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Thanh|first=Huong Tran Thi|chapterurl=https://oxfordmedicine.com/view/10.1093/med/9780198570059.001.0001/med-9780198570059-chapter-112|chapter=Suicide prevention in Vietnam|title=Oxford Textbook of Suicidology and Suicide Prevention|year=2009|pages=779–780|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-964046-1|language=en-US|doi=10.1093/med/9780198570059.003.0112}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu oge ahụ, a na-achọkwu nyocha na ọmụmụ ihe iji dozie nsogbu nke mwakpo mmekọahụ, mmekpa ahụ na trauma, na ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ na-enwekwu ihe ize ndụ mgbe ahụ ndị nwoke na ụmụ nwoke, yana dozie nsogbu gbasara ịzụ ahịa ( ịzụ ahịa mmadụ &amp; ịzụ ahịa mmekọahụ ) na ịgba ohu . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vietnam {{!}} Sexual Violence Research Initiative|url=https://www.svri.org/documents/vietnam|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=www.svri.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=HUONG|first=NGUYEN THU|title=Rape in Vietnam from Socio-Cultural and Historical Perspectives|date=2006|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41933447|journal=Journal of Asian History|volume=40|issue=2|pages=185–206|issn=0021-910X}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-28|title=Opinion: South Korea must recognise allegations of sexual violence in Vietnam|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/south-korea-vietnam-war-sexual-violence-women-b1806764.html|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=The Independent|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vietnam: Nearly half of female garment workers experience violence &amp; sexual harassment; Study finds link to brands' purchasing practices|url=https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/vietnam-nearly-half-of-female-garment-workers-experience-violence-sexual-harassment-study-finds-link-to-brands-purchasing-practices/|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=Business &amp; Human Rights Resource Centre|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-12-04|title=Vietnam's US$9 fine for groping a woman sparks calls for tougher laws|url=https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/politics/article/3112618/heres-why-vietnam-needs-embrace-metoo-right-now-fine-groping|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=South China Morning Post|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Laws not helping Vietnam's women and children|url=https://theaseanpost.com/article/laws-not-helping-vietnams-women-and-children|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=The ASEAN Post|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sexual Harassment Still Rampant In Vietnam|url=https://theaseanpost.com/article/sexual-harassment-still-rampant-vietnam|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=The ASEAN Post|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Vietnam's Human Trafficking Problem Is Too Big to Ignore|url=https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/vietnams-human-trafficking-problem-is-too-big-to-ignore/|accessdate=2021-12-21|work=thediplomat.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Agụmakwụkwọ &amp; Ahụike ===
O doro anya na ịnweta agụmakwụkwọ na ahụike na-enye ụzọ isi belata ịda ogbenye maka ndị na-adịghị ike. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Maka ndị nwere ohere mmụta ugbua, nkuzi onwe ( ''học thêm'' na Vietnamese) bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị nwere ike ịkwụ ụgwọ maka oge ụlọ akwụkwọ gachara. Okwu ndị dị mgbagwoju anya gbasara nkuzi nkeonwe dị ka ndị nwere 'oke' ma ọ bụ 'nwere ihe ùgwù' nwere ike ị nweta ma nweta nkuzi nke onwe ebe ndị ogbenye na-agbasi mbọ ike iji nweta ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ma ọ bụ na nnukwu akwụkwọ nkuzi nke onwe bụ ihe na-egosi mkpa ọ dị ịkwalite ngalaba ọha. bụ arụmụka nkịtị nke mgbagwoju anya nke ọdịdị nkuzi nkeonwe. Maka ndị nọ n'ọnọdụ dara ogbenye, ọ bụ maka imeziwanye ohere ịnweta ọrụ mmụta na ahụike ka enwere ohere nke mmekọrịta akụ na ụba ka mma. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Dang|first=Hai-Anh|title=A bird's-eye view of the private tutoring phenomenon in Vietnam|url=https://www.iias.asia/sites/default/files/nwl_article/2019-05/IIAS_NL56_2627_0.pdf|journal=International Institute for Asian Studies|volume=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

=== Hụkwa ===
 

* Ahụike na Vietnam
* Vietnam&amp;amp;nbsp;– Akụ na ụba

:* Economy nke Vietnam

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

=== Isi mmalite ndị ọzọ ===

* {{Cite web|author=Vandemoortele, Milo|year=2010|url=http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5057&amp;title=viet-nams-progress-economic-growth-poverty-reduction-impressive-improvements|title=Viet Nam's Progress on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction: Impressive improvements|publisher=[[Overseas Development Institute]]|accessdate=2024-04-01|archivedate=2011-05-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514200140/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5057&amp;title=viet-nams-progress-economic-growth-poverty-reduction-impressive-improvements}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==</text>
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&lt;ref name=&quot;ABC&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.abc.net.au/austory/the-final-bow/11439114|title=The Final Bow|work=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=2 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;In 2005 FremantleMedia Australia producer Jason Stephens brought the idea of ​​a television series called Choir of Hard Knocks to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation.  In an interview with Australian news from the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Stephens said &quot;I will always be interested in musicians. Living in Melbourne at the time in 2005 the homelessness problem was more obvious, I think  . I thought it would be a fun thing to put those two ideas together to see if we could make a chorus out of homeless and troubled people.&quot; ABC and Fremantle chose Reclink,  a charity that has worked with the homeless in the past, such as a charity that will work on television and work with singer Jonathon Welch

The Australian Broadcasting Corporation's five-part TV series of the same name, aired weekly from May 2007 and released two albums, Choir of Hard Knocks: Voice of RecLink (26 May 2007), which reached No.  21 on the ARIA Albums Chart, with Songs of Hope and Inspiration (7 December 2007), which reached No.  39. A DVD of the series also titled, Choir of Hard Knocks: Voice of RecLink, in August.  The second series in November 2007 followed the choir preparing for a concert at the Sydney Opera House.  In April 2009 the Choir of Hope and Inspiration replaced the choir after a falling out between Welch and RecLink

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
The Choir of Hard Knocks is the brainchild of Jason Stephens of FremantleMedia Australia in association with the charity Reclink, a not-for-profit community organization that provides services to those experiencing social and economic difficulties.  [1] Their name refers to the phrase, the school of hard knocks: learning by living, not by the classroom.  Jonathon Welch, a former tenor with Opera Australia who previously owned a choir, the Sydney Street Choir, was cast as the choirmaster.

Welch studied with a group of homeless men in Montreal in late 1999 and formed a choir of homeless men for a TV project - the Sydney Street Choir - in 2001. [1] [2] [3] Stephens and  he, FremantleMedia Australia, created ABC TV's five-part documentary series, Choir of Hard Knocks, after discussing the idea of ​​chronicling the formation and growth of a choir in Melbourne.  [4] In 2005 Stephens also learned about the Montreal band and convinced Welch to join the band as music director and choirmaster. &lt;ref name=&quot;Theodosiou&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/no-stopping-for-the-choir-of-hard-knocks-as-it-turns-10|title=No stopping for the Choir of Hard Knocks as it turns 10|author=Theodosiou|first=Peter|work=[[SBS World News|SBS News]]|publisher=[[Special Broadcasting Service]] (SBS)|date=17 March 2016|accessdate=10 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Deveny&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|first=Catherine|author=Deveny|authorlink=Catherine Deveny|title=Choir Tugs at the Heartstrings|work=The Age|date=26 May 2007|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/tv--radio/choir-tugs-at-the-heartstrings/2007/05/24/1179601574945.html|accessdate=10 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Recruitment was by word of mouth and through community groups with exercises beginning in September 2006. [1] The first group had 47 members. [2] Welch canvassed other charities for funds and support to promote the renewal.  the first of the chorus.  [3] After six weeks of rehearsals, their first performance took place in October 2016. [1] Bridget McManus of The Age, said, &quot;the timing may not have been perfect, the singer and  -shook a little, and the man with the hair on his back had a tendency to repeat the last words of each line, but the enthusiasm was contagious. In front of the group, by the Flinders Street station,  stood the spiritual guide to whom all the singing eyes were focused. improved in spite of the chaos of the peak season.&quot;  [1] As of May 2007, the choir has approximately 50 members.

&lt;ref name=&quot;Screen Aus Opera&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/the-screen-guide/t/choir-of-hard-knocks-opera-house-special-2007/26203/|title=''Choir of Hard Knocks Opera House Special''|publisher=Screen Australia|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=20 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020090545/https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/the-screen-guide/t/choir-of-hard-knocks-opera-house-special-2007/26203}}&lt;/ref&gt;The band raised money, at first, to record a CD for individual promotion and sales, by driving around town.  They also performed a fundraising concert at the Melbourne Auditorium on 7 March 2007. [1] [2] [3] For the performance, they were supported by the Melbourne Gay and Lesbian Chorus and the Sydney Street Choir.  [3] Broadcasts of the weekly television series began in early May 2007. [2] The Choir of Hard Knocks later performed at the Sydney Opera House, which was broadcast in a second series as Choir of Hard Knocks.  Knocks Opera House Special in November &lt;ref name=&quot;Low&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/tv-reviews/choir-of-hard-knocks-opera-house-special/2007/11/23/1195753286094.html|title=Choir of Hard Knocks Opera House Special|author=Low|first=Lenny Ann|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|date=25 November 2007|accessdate=10 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A self-titled companion CD to the first series, Choir of Hard Knocks: Voice of RecLink, was released on 26 May 2007 with traditional songs, &quot;Amazing Grace&quot; and &quot;Silent Night&quot; and a cover of pop rock tracks, &quot;Flame Woods&quot;.  (from Cold Chisel) and &quot;Hallelujah&quot; (Leonard Cohen).  [1] Seven songs were recorded at Sing Sing Studios, Richmond, nine songs were recorded live from their first concert at Melbourne Town Hall.  [1] It was each member's first experience in a record company.  The album peaked at No.  21 on the ARIA Albums Chart and stayed in the top 50 for 16 weeks.  [2] By the end of the year, it was certified as a platinum record for shipping 70 minutes.  [3] It appeared in No.  3 on the ARIA Year-End Charts - Top 50 Classical Albums 2007 and No.  46 on next year's chart.&lt;ref name=&quot;ARIA EoY Classical 2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-classical-2007.htm|title=ARIA Top 50 Classical Chart 2007|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA)|accessdate=10 February 2018}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-classical-2007.htm &quot;ARIA Top 50 Classical Chart 2007&quot;]. Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 February&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ARIA EoY Classical 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-classical-2008.htm|title=ARIA Top 50 Classical Chart 2008|publisher=Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA)|accessdate=10 February 2018}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[http://www.aria.com.au/pages/aria-charts-end-of-year-charts-classical-2008.htm &quot;ARIA Top 50 Classical Chart 2008&quot;]. Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;10 February&lt;/span&gt; 2018&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Enyere DVD jikọtara nke otu aha n'August 2007 wee bụrụ DVD akwụkwọ akụkọ Australia nke abụọ kacha ere maka afọ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;DVD sales&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/fact-finders/video-and-online/australian-content/in-the-archive/top-australian-documentaries-to-2009|title=Top 20 Australian documentary titles on video (DVD, Blu-ray and VHS), 2004–2009|publisher=[[Screen Australia]]|accessdate=10 February 2018|archivedate=10 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210062247/https://www.screenaustralia.gov.au/fact-finders/video-and-online/australian-content/in-the-archive/top-australian-documentaries-to-2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wepụtara album ha nke abụọ, ''Songs of Hope na Inspiration'' na 7 Disemba 2007, nke ruru No.&amp;nbsp;39. &lt;ref name=&quot;AUS Charts&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Choir+Of+Hard+Knocks|title=Discography The Choir of Hard Knocks|work=Australian Charts Portal|publisher=Hung Medien|author=Hung|first=Steffen|accessdate=10 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke afọ na-eso ya, enwetara ya ọla edo maka mbupu nke 35,000.  Ọ pụtara na No.&amp;nbsp;9 na Charts ngwụcha afọ ARIA - Albums oge gboo 50 kacha elu 2007 na No.&amp;nbsp;43 n'afọ sochirinụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;ARIA EoY Classical 2007&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;ARIA EoY Classical 2008&quot;/&gt; Enyere DVD nke usoro nke abụọ, ''Choir of Hard Knocks: Opera House Special'', na November 2008.

== Choir nke Olileanya na mkpali ==
N'ịgbaso nkewa n'etiti RecLink na Welch na Maachị 2009, nke ikpeazụ hibere ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, Melbourne Street Choir, Inc (MSC).  N'ịkwado ya site na bọọdụ pro bono, MSC na-elekwasị anya n'òtù ukwe ọhụrụ ma na-enye ọkwa dị elu nke nghọta na nghọta nye ndị otu ukwe n'akụkụ niile nke ọrụ ya.  Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị otu egwuregwu mbụ so Welch gaa MSC nke maliteghachiri mmemme ọha site na 29 Eprel 2009 na Melbourne International Jazz Festival.  Na 21 Mee Welch zụrụ otu ukwe, Morning Bell Choir (nke aha ya bụ n'ihi mmemme mmemme ụtụtụ ha), ebe e hiwere isi ukwe dịka Choir of Pride &amp; Joy.

== Ihe ngosi ==

=== Albums Studio ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable plainrowheaders&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
|+Ndepụta nke ọba studio, nwere ọkwa eserese ahọpụtara na asambodo
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:14em;&quot; | Aha
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:20em;&quot; | Nkọwa Album
! colspan=&quot;1&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; | Ọkwa chaatị kacha elu
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:12em;&quot; | Asambodo
|-
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;width:3em;font-size:90%;&quot; | AUS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;aus&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ryan|first=Gavin|title=Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010|year=2011|publisher=Moonlight Publishing|location=Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia|edition=PDF}}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Ndị Choir of Hard Knocks''
|
* Ewepụtara: Mee 2007
* akara: ABC Classic (4766166)
* Ụdị: CD, nbudata dijitalụ
| 21
|
* ARIA : Platinum &lt;ref name=&quot;aus&quot; /&gt;
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; | ''Abụ nke Olileanya na mkpali''
|
* Ewepụtara: Disemba 2007
* akara: ABC Classic (4766347)
* Ụdị: CD, nbudata dijitalụ
| 39
|
* ARIA: Gold &lt;ref name=&quot;aus&quot; /&gt;
|}

=== Logie Awards ===
Na Logie Awards nke 2008, usoro ihe nkiri TV mbụ meriri Series Factual Factual kacha pụta ìhè ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara maka Mmemme Factual Kacha ewu ewu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Logies 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.australiantelevision.net/awards/logie2008.html|title=2008 Logie Awards|work=Australiantelevision.net|accessdate=10 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Logies History&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tvweeklogieawards.com.au/logie-history/2000s/2008/|title=50th TV Week Logie Awards, 2008|work=[[TV Week]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140126184027/http://www.tvweeklogieawards.com.au/logie-history/2000s/2008/|archivedate=26 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 8th Helpmann Awards na July 2008 ọdịdị ha na Sydney Opera House, ''Choir of Hard Knocks: Live in Concert'', meriri ihe omume pụrụ iche kacha mma.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Helpmann 2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|accessdate=10 February 2018|url=http://www.helpmannawards.com.au/default.aspx?s=winners&amp;year=2008|title=2008 Helpmann Awards – Winners|publisher=Helpmann Awards|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021071438/http://www.helpmannawards.com.au/default.aspx?s=winners&amp;year=2008|archivedate=21 October 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
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    <title>Nkịta Na-abụ Abụ</title>
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'''Singing Rooster Inc.''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ 501 (c) 3 na-anaghị akwụ ụgwọ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gold-level GuideStar Exchange participant|url=http://www.guidestar.org/organizations/27-1184568/singing-rooster.aspx|publisher=Guide Star USA Inc.|accessdate=7 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke na-arụ ọrụ iji belata ịda ogbenye ime obodo na Haiti site na mmepe akụ na ụba site na ọrụ ugbo kọfị.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
E hiwere Singing Rooster na 2009 na Madison, Wisconsin .

N'August 2012, Ajọ Ifufe Isaac mebiri elu ụlọ ọrụ nhazi na Thiotte ; Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ nyere aka n'ịrụgharị n'oge maka owuwe ihe ubi 2012-13. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.clickorlando.com/making-a-difference-fair-trade-cafe/-/1637238/20915834/-/wdprld/-/index.html &quot;Making a Difference: Fair Trade Cafe&quot;]. ''ClickOrlando'', 10 July 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2016, Sing Rooster malitere ibubata chocolate si Haiti. &lt;ref&gt;[http://host.madison.com/ct/entertainment/dining/nonprofit-coffee-importer-singing-rooster-adds-chocolates-from-haiti/article_0a16cd12-1f78-56e3-85de-36072572e8af.html &quot;Nonprofit coffee importer Singing Rooster adds chocolates from Haiti&quot;]. ''The Capital Times'', Lindasy Christians Mar 1, 2016&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://atlantablackstar.com/2016/03/02/coffee-company-supports-haiti-farmers-by-importing-their-cacao-selling-islands-coffee-and-artwork/ &quot;Coffee Company Supports Haiti Farmers By Importing Their Cacao, Selling Island’s Coffee and Artwork&quot;]. ''Atlanta Black Star'', March 2, 2016 | Jasmine Nelson&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume ==
Ndị na-abụ oke ọkụkọ nwere obere ọnụ ọgụgụ, ndị ọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ kọfị nke ndị ọrụ ugbo nwere iji nye ndị ọrụ ugbo ohere ịnweta ahịa ozugbo n'ụdị onye ọrụ ugbo na tebụl. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nwitimes.com/news/local/porter/valparaiso/valpo-s-fair-trade-sale-offers-gift-ideas-for-person/article_92e65dbf-b9b9-5d68-9ec9-5e68d07d5b48.html &quot;Valpo's Fair Trade sale offers gift ideas for person who has everything&quot;]. ''NWI Times''. November 29, 2014 Susan O’Leary, Times Correspondent&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọkụkọ abụ abụ na-enye ndị ọrụ ugbo ego ego tupu owuwe ihe ubi ọmụrụ nwa dị ala site na mmekorita ha na Root Capital na enyemaka maka imezi ihe ọkụkụ, a na-akwụkwa ndị ọrụ ugbo elu karịa nkezi ọnụahịa maka owuwe ihe ubi ha. &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240407220606/http://www.borgenmagazine.com/revitalizing-haitis-coffee-trade-2/ &quot;Revitalizing Haiti’s Coffee Trade&quot;]. ''Borgen Magazine'', By Lillian Sickler on July 1, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ wee na-ere ngwa ahịa ozugbo nye ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị na-ere ahịa, &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.centralctcommunications.com/newbritainherald/article_a3b2e80a-faca-11e5-be62-23dbc10aeb1a.html &quot;Fair Trade sale does a world of good for global artisans&quot;]. ''New Britain Herald'', Apr 4, 2016 by Erica Schmitt&lt;/ref&gt; n'ihi na ndị ọrụ ugbo na-enweta ụgwọ ọrụ ndụ ma tinye aka na akụ na ụba obodo ha.

Ọkụkọ abụ abụ na-enye ọzụzụ maka ndị na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na njikwa obere azụmaahịa yana ngbanwe ego. A na-enye mkpụrụ osisi kọfị maka iweghachi ihe ọkụkụ na ịkụgharị ọhịa. &lt;ref&gt;[http://dailycoffeenews.com/2015/12/10/in-haitis-poorest-region-a-pioneering-coffee-partnership-spreads-seeds-of-growth/ &quot;In Haiti’s Poorest Region, a Pioneering Coffee Partnership Spreads Seeds of Growth&quot;]. ''Daily Coffee News'', Nick Brown | December 10, 2015&lt;/ref&gt; Ebe a na-elekọta mkpụrụ osisi kọfị dị n'elu Marigot bụ ọrụ nkwonkwo nke Singing Rooster, Solidarité-Haïti, na ndị ọrụ ugbo atọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na mpaghara (na-eji ego si ahịa kọfị). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rapport d’activités pour l’année 2011|url=http://solidaritehaiti.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Rapport-dactivit%C3%A9s-pour-2011.pdf|publisher=Solidarite-Haiti|accessdate=7 July 2013|archivedate=3 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224946/http://solidaritehaiti.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Rapport-dactivit%C3%A9s-pour-2011.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị na-abụ abụ Rooster na Bank Inter-American of Development na Haitian Ministry of Agriculture's DEFI's program iji rụkwaa akụrụngwa, kwalite àgwà kọfị na inye ọzụzụ azụmaahịa na Dondon, Haiti. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Grant Contract|url=http://www.singingrooster.org/transparency/SR-IADB-Grant-Nov2011.pdf|publisher=International Bank of Development|accessdate=2024-04-07|archivedate=2024-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240407220607/http://www.singingrooster.org/transparency/SR-IADB-Grant-Nov2011.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nzukọ a na-arụkọ ọrụ na ndị ọrụ enyemaka Katọlik na Beaumont commune, òtù French, InterAide, na Artibonite, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Réintroduction de la culture caféière dans les Cahos|url=http://interaide.org/pratiques/node/67%20InterAide|publisher=InterAide|accessdate=7 July 2013|archivedate=5 September 2014|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140905045516/http://interaide.org/pratiques/node/67%20InterAide}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Oxfam na Les Cayes iji kwado mmepụta kọfị na ịzụlite ohere mbupụ.

Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ na-ebupụ, na-ebubata, na-ebuga na ụlọ nkwakọba ihe, &lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140707155028/http://common-breath.com/?p=648 &quot;A Fair Trade for Haitian Coffee&quot;.] ''Common Breath Media''&lt;/ref&gt; ma na-eme ka mgbanwe ya bụrụ kọfị a ṅara n'ọkụ na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ bara uru. &lt;ref&gt;Murphy, Julie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223758/http://www.news-journalonline.com/article/20130608/NEWS0402/306079976 &quot;Effort offers chance to help out Haitian coffee growers&quot;.] ''Daytona Beach News-Journal'', 8 June 2013&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eweghachite ego ahịa kọfị na Haiti iji kwado ọrụ n'ime ime obodo maka ọganihu azụmahịa na mmepe. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.thedailypage.com/isthmus/article.php?article=41568 &quot;Singing Rooster Coffee brings a truly good cup of joe&quot;] ''Isthmus'', Julia Burke&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Charles|first=Jean H.|title=Commentary: The ultimate Haitian coffee experience|url=http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-Commentary%3A-The-ultimate-Haitian-coffee-experience-18983.html|work=Caribbean News Now|accessdate=2020-01-26|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20140905045516/http://www.caribbeannewsnow.com/headline-Commentary:-The-ultimate-Haitian-coffee-experience-18983.html|archivedate=2014-09-05|date=7 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
maka imezi ihe ọkụkụ, a na-akwụkwa ndị ọrụ ugbo elu karịa nkezi ọnụahịa maka owuwe ihe ubi ha.  Ọkụkọ na-abụ abụ wee na-ere ngwa ahịa ozugbo nye ndị na-azụ ahịa na ndị na-{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Okporo ámá nke Iri (Atlanta)</title>
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      <text bytes="5341" sha1="sthtfqz694e4mepf8426zynaes0nsv3" xml:space="preserve">Tenth Street bụ okporo ụzọ dị na Midtown Atlanta, Georgia.

== Ụzọ na Isi Mmasị ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|+
!Ogbe
! Njikọta
! Isi Mmasị
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Ogige ụlọ, West Midtown
|
| Ụzọ iri na-amalite
|-
| Brady St.
| Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Miller Union
|-
| Howell Mill Road
|
|-
| ókè-ala nke Home Park, West Midtown&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; na Georgia Tech
| Northside Drive
| Georgia Tech
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Midtown Core, Midtown
| Njikọ Ogbe Ndịda
|
|-
| Mmiri St.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/br&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; West Peachtree St.
| Midtown MARTA ọdụ
|-
| Peachtree Street
| Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Margaret Mitchell House &amp;amp;amp; Museum, 999 Peachtree
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Midtown mere eme
| Piedmont Ave.
| Ahịrị ịgba ọsọ Peachtree Road, Piedmont Park, mpaghara bungalow akụkọ ihe mere eme
|-
| Charles Allen ụgbọala
| Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Henry W. Grady
|-
| Monroe Drive
| Ụzọ BeltLine, ókè nke mpaghara Virginia-Highland
|}

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==

=== Mpịakọta nke ọma ===
mgbaàmà gburugburu ihe ugbu a nke iri na okporo ụzọ Peachtree mmetụta dị ka Tight Squeeze, obodo obodo iwu n'ime oge sochiri agha obodo America .  Ọ nwere ụlọ ịsa ahụ, yana ụlọ ndị na-eji oji na ọtụtụ obere ụlọ nke osisi, n'ịmaka dị mita 30, nke a ka na-ahụ anya n'ikiri egwuregwu nke Peachtree n'ebe ugwu nke 10th Street

N'ime oge obi nkoropụ mgbe Agha Obodo gasịrị, ndị agụụ na-agụ, ndị na-enweghị ebe obibi, merụrụ ahụ, na enweghị olileanya jupụtara n'okporo ámá Atlanta. Ọwara mmiri ahụ ghọrọ ebe izu ike nye ma ndị a tọhapụrụ na ndị agha agha Confederate chụpụrụ, ụfọdụ ndị riri ahụ morphine.

&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=Tzb_svSA-jkC&amp;pg=PA30 ''Peachtree Street, Atlanta'', William Bailey Williford, p.30]&lt;/ref&gt;naanị n'ebe ugwu nke egwu ebe Peachtree okporo ụzọ obodo (ugbu a 14th Street), bụ ụgbọ ala ụgbọ ala, ebe a na-ebupụ ibu, nke a kara aka maka ndị agha n'obodo ahụ, nke dị n'  ihu na ndida.  Ndị ejija na-aga n'ebe a na-adabaghị na-ebu ego ndị ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-ebu ibu akwụkwọ, ma ọ bụ ndị ejija na-aga n'ebe a na-adabaghị na-ebu ego ndị ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ ndị ejija na-aga n'ebe a na-adabaghị na-ebu ego ndị ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ ndị ejija na-aga n'ebe a na-adabaghị na-ebu ego, ma ọ bụ ndị ejija na-aga n'ebe a na-adabaghị na-ebu ego ndị ụlọ ọrụ.  ahụ.  Ndị bi na Tight Squeeze, yana ndị ọkpọ n'okporo ụzọ ụzọ awara awara wakporo ndị ọrụ wee napụ ha ngwa akara na ego ha.  E kwuru na ọ &quot;na-ewe ihe siri ike iji ndụ mmadụ,&quot; aha ebe obibi ahụ.  Obi nkoropụ mere ka ndị mmadụ na-enwe obi nkoropụ na &quot;nkwụsị agụụ mmekọahụ&quot;.  [1] [2] John Plaster bụ onye otu ndị isi ọsụ ụzọ nke esemokwu Plaster's Bridge Road aha maka ya (ugbu a Piedmont Road ).  N'afọ 1866 mgbe ọ dị afọ 35, e gburugburu ya na Tight Squeeze mgbe o bufere ndị na-eje ozi n'Atlanta nnukwu nkụ nkụ.

&lt;ref&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZbDq-jHXTn0C&amp;pg=PA34 ''&quot;Rich Georgian Strangely Shot&quot;: Eugene Grace, &quot;Daisy of the Leopard Spots'', Tom Hughes, p.34]&lt;/ref&gt;N'ọgwụgwụ 1800s mpaghara ahụ emepụtara Blooming Hill ma nwee ụlọ ezinarị mara mma.  Ka ọ na-erule 1872 Iwu Atlanta ngosi ya &quot;obere obodo dịpụrụ iche nke ụlọ ọrụ Atlanta&quot; nke nwere ụlọ nri nri abụọ.  [1] Ebe nchekwa Blooming Hill na ihe ọkpụkpụ na họtel Hyatt Midtown.  [2] N'ime oge a, 10th Street ka amarakwara Bleckley Avenue .  [3] N'afọ 1883, e me reeka mpaghara baputizim &quot;North Atlanta&quot;.

=== Mpaghara ịzụ ahịa n'okporo ụzọ iri ===
&lt;ref name=&quot;fg&quot;&gt;[https://books.google.com/books?id=hBgF5_3xzEQC&amp;pg=PA746 ''Atlanta and Environs: A Chronicle of Its People and Events, 1820s-1870s'', p.746, Franklin M. Garrett]&lt;/ref&gt;Site na 1920 ruo 1960s ebe ahụ bụ ebe akara akara dị elu, nke mbụ na- መሪ Central District ( Ogbe Ndịda Atlanta ), na- መሪ ndị ọrụ site na mpaghara ndị na-agụ na obodo dum

== Eriri ahụ ==
Mmeghe nke 1959 nke Lenox Square na 1964 mmeghe nke Ansley Mall wedara akara na mpaghara aha.  mgbaàmà ahụ dị ebe a ma ama hippy hangout wee aha aha The Strip .  Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1967, a kpagbuola òtù ndị hippy nke ukwuu na mpaghara ahụike.  A gbara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ (ọkụ) ma kwatuo ọtụtụ ụlọ ka ha wee nwee ebe a na-adịbadị&lt;ref name=&quot;fg&quot;/&gt;

== Taa ==
Taa tenth Street mmalite nke Piedmont Avenue bụ dị mkpa nke Midtown Core azụmahịa dị elu na mpaghara obibi &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.midtownatl.com/_files/docs/midtown-demographics.pdf &quot;Demographics&quot;, Midtown Alliance] &lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.midtownatl.com/life/residential-neighborhoods/midtown-neighborhoods &quot;Neighborhoods&quot;, Midtown Alliance]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.thestripproject.com The Strip oru ngo], zuru ezu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mpaghara
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240526155624/https://historyatlanta.com/past-pictures-tenth-street/ Ibe na History Atlanta (blọọgụ)]
[[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]]</text>
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Edere nri nri  bụ ihe nkiri akwụkwọ 2010 nke Shira Potash na Yoav Potash, gbasara stampụ nri na di na-egosi na-ewere ihe ịma aka stampụ nri ma bie na agụ ego stampụ nri maka otu izu.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://money.cnn.com/video/pf/2011/07/05/pf_food_stamped_movie.cnnmoney/|title=Healthy eating on $1 per meal: impossible? - Video - Personal Finance|publisher=Money.cnn.com|date=|accessdate=2012-11-20|archivedate=2019-10-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012105316/https://money.cnn.com/video/pf/2011/07/05/pf_food_stamped_movie.cnnmoney/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe nkiri a na-egosi onye na-ekiri US Barbara Lee, otu n'ime ndị na-ekiri anọ nke Congress bụ ndị weere ihe ịma aka nri nri.  Ọ akụkọ na October 2010 na Mill Valley Film Festival .  [1] Ihe nkiri a ihe nrite Jury na Ememme Nkiri Independent San Francisco na bụ nhọrọ nke mmemme ihe nkiri n'Ịntanet nke Whole Food Market, Do Something Reel.  [2] Egosikwara Food Stamped na ego CNN

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb title|1667079|Food Stamped}}
* Official website (archived)


[[Òtù:Nhazi Nri]]</text>
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[[Usòrò:Sephora Store at Toronto Eaton Centre.jpg|thumb|Sephora Store at Toronto Eaton Centre.jpg]]
'''Sephora bu uloahia otutu obodo ebe ana ere ihe eji elokota onwe nakwa ihe ehi eme ka mmadu makuo mma nke nwere aha ahia ruru 340, biakwa nwe label nke onwe ya, Sephora collection na ere ngwa eji Acho mma nke gunyere cosmetics, skincare, fragrance, nail color, beauty tools, body lotions na haircare.''' , &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Wood Rudolph|first=Heather|title=Interview Insider: How to Get Hired at Sephora|url=http://www.cosmopolitan.com/career/interviews/a36704/interview-insider-sephora-career-jobs/|accessdate=24 July 2015|work=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]]|date=19 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Tungate|first=Mark|title=Branded Beauty: How Marketing Changed the Way We Look|publisher=Kogan Page|year=2011|isbn=9780749461812|pages=188}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Parsons|first=Sarah|date=2017-11-27|title=A sneak peek inside Sephora's new international head office|url=https://cosmeticsbusiness.com/news/article_page/A_sneak_peek_inside_Sephoras_new_international_head_office/136661|accessdate=2022-09-12|work=Cosmetics Business|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;forbes&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Loeb|first=Walter|title=Sephora: Department Stores Cannot Stop Its Global Growth|work=Forbes|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/walterloeb/2013/04/18/sephora-department-stores-cannot-stop-its-global-growth/|accessdate=3 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pete Born&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/people/calvin-mcdonald-named-ceo-of-sephora-americas-7247060?src=nl/newsAlert/20131024-7|title=Calvin McDonald Named CEO of Sephora Americas|work=Women's Wear Daily|date=24 October 2013|accessdate=24 October 2013|author=Born, Pete}}&lt;/ref&gt;h ({{lang-el|Σεπφώρα}}[[Mozis|s]] Achotara uloorua n'obodo Limoges na 1969, Onokwa na Neullysur -Seine, France. O but ndi luxury conglomerate LvMH nwe Sephora na afo 1996. Aha SI na okwu Greek nke putara mma, sephos nke spelling ya na Greek putara Zipporah, nwunye Moses.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Sephora malitere na Paris n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 1970. Ọ bụ Dominique Mandonnaud nwetara ya na 1993, onye jikọtara ịzụta ya na usoro ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ nke ya n'okpuru akara Sephora. A na-eto Mandonnaud maka imepụta na imezu ahụmịhe ahịa &quot;enyere aka n'onwe ya&quot; nke Sephora, nke kewara onwe ya na ụdị mkpọsa maka ihe ntecha site n'ịgba ndị ahịa (ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwanyị) ume ịnwale ngwaahịa na ebe mkpọsa tupu ịzụta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sephora Holdings S.A. – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Sephora Holdings S.A.|url=http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/73/Sephora-Holdings-S-A.html|work=References for Business|accessdate=16 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Sephora Saga|url=http://www.sephora-me.com/en/sephora-saga/pid21.html|accessdate=16 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mandonnaud gara n'ihu na-agbasawanye akara Sephora n'ime afọ ndị 1990, na-emeghe ụlọ ahịa ya na Champs Élysées na 1997. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 1997, Mandonnaud na ndị mmekọ ya rere Sephora na LVMH, bụ ndị gbasaa ụlọ ahịa ahụ n'ụwa niile ma mee ka ngwaahịa nke eriri ahụ sie ike ịgụnye ihe ịchọ mma na ihe ntecha.&lt;ref name=&quot;forbes&quot;/&gt; Sephora gbatịkwuru ọrụ ya na ahịa Middle East na 2007 ma mepee ihe karịrị ụlọ ahịa 44 Sephora [[United Arab Emirates|UAE]] na [[Saudi Arabia|KSA]] yana ụlọ ahịa ecommerce.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://emirateswoman.com/online-shopping-uae-get-lot-better/|title=Online Shopping In The UAE Is About To Get A Lot Better...|date=27 October 2016|work=Emirates Woman|accessdate=26 October 2016|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/beauty/news/sephora-reveals-the-best-selling-beauty-products-in-the-middle-east|title=Sephora Reveal The Best-Selling Beauty Products In The Middle East|date=17 August 2017|work=Harpers Bazaar Arabia|accessdate=17 August 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-agbatị mmekọrịta ya na ụdị ya pụrụ iche na mpaghara ahụ.[2]&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

Artemis Patrick nọchiri Jean-André Rougeot dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke Sephora Americas.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (February 2024)&quot;&gt;when?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Sephora meghere ụlọ ahịa mbụ ya na United States na New York City na 1998, ụlọ ahịa mbụ nke [[Kánada|Canada]] na Toronto na 2004, na ụlọ ahịa Sephora mbụ nke Australia na 2014. &lt;ref name=&quot;sephora2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sephora.com/about-us|title=About Sephora|publisher=Sephora|accessdate=23 March 2015|archivedate=28 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728171614/https://www.sephora.com/about-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://nymag.com/listings/beauty/sephora06/|title=Sephora|work=New York|accessdate=24 October 2011|archivedate=8 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108114823/https://nymag.com/listings/beauty/sephora06/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị na North America dị na New York City, yana ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ na San Francisco na Montreal. Sephora na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a karịa ụlọ ahịa 430 gafee North America.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sephora.com/about-us|title=About Us {{!}} Sephora|work=sephora.com|language=en|accessdate=26 November 2018|archivedate=28 July 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728171614/https://www.sephora.com/about-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2016, Sephora meghere ebe nke 400 ya na North America na Magnificent Mile na [[Chicago]]. Ụlọ ahịa ahụ bụ ebe ọhụrụ a ma ama n'obodo ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-michigan-ave-sephora-opening-0827-biz-20160826-story.html|title=Sephora's Magnificent Mile store has new, high-tech look|work=Chicago Tribune|date=26 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 31 Machị 2017, Sephora meghere ebe mkpọsa ya kachasị ukwuu na North America nso Herald Square na New York City. Ụlọ ahịa ahụ dị ihe dịka square ụkwụ 11,380 ma nwee ihe karịrị ngwaahịa 13,000. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ebe isii Sephora TIP Workshop, nwere ọrụ na ngwaọrụ mmekọrịta, na North America; ndị ọzọ gụnyere San Francisco, Boston, [[Chicago]], Santa Clara Valley, na Toronto. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.allure.com/story/shopping-tips-for-largest-sephora-store-united-states|title=10 Hacks for Shopping the Largest Sephora in the United States|author=Panych|first=Sophia|work=Allure|accessdate=19 June 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://wwd.com/beauty-industry-news/beauty-features/experience-matters-sephora-goes-bigger-on-34th-street-10856012/|title=Experience Matters: Sephora Goes Bigger on 34th Street|author=Strugatz|first=Rachel|date=3 April 2017|work=WWD|accessdate=19 June 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.glamour.com/story/sephora-new-york-city-34th-street|title=Sephora Just Opened Its Biggest Store Ever, and It's Truly Insane|author=Zoldan|first=Rachel Jacoby|work=Glamour|accessdate=19 June 2017|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 19 Nọvemba 2018, Sephora bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ịgbazite ogologo oge na Thor Equities&quot; Town Square Metepec, ụlọ ahịa ọhụrụ na ntụrụndụ na [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] nke ruru nde square ụkwụ 1.7.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.propertyfundsworld.com/2018/11/19/270640/sephora-signs-lease-thor-equities%E2%80%99-town-square-metepec-mexico|title=Sephora signs lease at Thor Equities' Town Square Metepec in Mexico|work=propertyfundsworld|accessdate=4 December 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Eprel 2019, onye na-agụ egwu R&amp;amp;amp;B bụ SZA boro ụlọ ahịa ahụ ebubo ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Na Mee 23, 2019, Sephora kwupụtara na ha ga-emechi ebe niile na Wednesday, June 5, 2019, iji nwee ọzụzụ dị iche iche maka ndị ọrụ ya.&lt;ref&gt;Hollie Silverman, [https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/03/business/sephora-diversity-training/index.html &quot;SZA accusation prompts Sephora to close all locations Wednesday for diversity training&quot;], ''CNN'', June 3rd, 2019&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, ọzụzụ ndị ọrụ bụ akụkụ nke &quot;We Belong To Something Beautiful Campaign&quot; ọ bụghị ebubo sitere n'aka onye na-agụ egwu.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; maka mkpọsa a malitere na ngwụcha 2019. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] 

Na Julaị 26, 2021, Sephora kwetara na Palamon Capital Partners ịzụta Feelunique.com, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|first=Samantha|author=Conti|url=https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/companies/sephora-poised-to-buy-britains-feeluniquecom-report/ar-AAMiiHN|title=Sephora Poised to Buy Britain's Feelunique.com: Report|date=July 18, 2021|work=MSN}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye na-ere ahịa n'ịntanetị nke ngwaahịa mara mma a tọrọ ntọala na 2005, yana ndị ahịa 1.3 na-arụsi ọrụ ike si mba 120 na ihe karịrị ngwaahịa 35,000 sitere na ụdị 800. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ecommercenews.eu/sephora-acquires-feelunique/|title=Sephora Acquires Feelunique|date=July 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A zụtara ya na Palamon Capital Partners maka £ 26 nde na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Sahar|author=Nazir|url=https://www.retailgazette.co.uk/blog/2021/07/sephora-puts-132m-takeover-bid-on-feelunique-as-it-eyes-uk-market/|title=Sephora Agrees £132m Takeover Bid For Feelunique As It Eyes UK market|date=July 18, 2021|accessdate=August 8, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nụrụ na ọnụahịa ahụ bụ £ 132 nde.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://beautymatter.com/articles/sephora-confirms-purchase-of-online-beauty-retailer-feelunique|title=Sephora Confirms Purchase of Online Beauty Eetailer Feelunique|date=July 26, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Sephora malitere ụlọ ahịa ya n'ịntanetị na US na 1999 na Canada na 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;sephora2&quot;/&gt; Marie-Christine Marchives, onye bụbu onye ọrụ Sephora U.S. na Sephora France, meghere isi ụlọ ọrụ Canada na Febụwarị 2007. Marie-Christine Marchives laghachiri France na July 2010 ka ọ bụrụ onye isi njikwa nke Sephora France. Klaus Ryum-Larsen nọchiri ya na Canada. Sephora na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a karịa ụlọ ahịa 2,300 na mba 33 n'ụwa niile,  na-emepụta ihe karịrị ijeri $ 4 na ego a na-enweta na 2013 . &lt;ref name=&quot;auto3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mediapost.com/publications/article/302536/as-ulta-looks-prettier-sephora-sharpens-tech-edge.html|title=As Ulta Looks Prettier, Sephora Sharpens Tech Edge|work=mediapost.com|language=en|accessdate=19 June 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;forbes&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sephora.com/contentStore/mediaContentTemplate.jsp?mediaId=10800104|title=Sephora.com: About Us|publisher=Sephora|accessdate=17 August 2012|archivedate=5 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005230045/https://www.sephora.com/contentStore/mediaContentTemplate.jsp?mediaId=10800104}}&lt;/ref&gt; &amp;nbsp;Ka ọ na-erule Septemba 2013, Sephora na Champs Élysées na Paris, France, na-adọta ihe karịrị nde mmadụ isii kwa afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;WallStreetJournal2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=MASIDLOVER|first=NADYA|title=Paris Casts A Shadow Over Hours at Sephora|url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB40001424052702303983904579093212255489586|work=The Wall Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afterpay na Sephora jikọrọ aka nye ndị ahịa ya mgbanwe ịkwụ ụgwọ n'ụzọ anọ na July 13, 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Afterpay and Sephora Partner to Make Prestige Beauty Accessible to More Customers – Sephora Newsroom|url=https://newsroom.sephora.com/afterpay-and-sephora-partner-to-make-prestige-beauty/|accessdate=2022-07-21|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sephora Canada opened its 100th store in Canada on November 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sephora|title=Sephora Canada marks milestone 100th store opening in Winnipeg, Manitoba with $100,000 donation to Native Women's Association of Canada and celebrations from coast-to-coast|url=https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/sephora-canada-marks-milestone-100th-store-opening-in-winnipeg-manitoba-with-100-000-donation-to-native-women-s-association-of-canada-and-celebrations-from-coast-to-coast-874838485.html|accessdate=2023-04-09|work=www.newswire.ca|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2024, Sephora kwupụtara mmeghe nke ụlọ ahịa [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] nke anọ na ụlọ ahịa Eldon Square nke Newcastle.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sephora chooses Newcastle for fourth UK store|url=https://cosmeticsbusiness.com/sephora-chooses-newcastle-for-fourth-uk-store|accessdate=25 March 2024|work=Cosmetics Business}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Sephora_Dalma_Mall.jpg|thumb|259x259px|Ụlọ ahịa Sephora na Dalma Mall]]

=== Akara ===
Sephora features a variety of beauty products from more than 300 brands, including Tatcha,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sephora.com/tatcha|title=TATCHA Skin Care|accessdate=14 September 2014|publisher=Sephora|archivedate=28 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180728035710/https://www.sephora.com/tatcha}}&lt;/ref&gt; Huda Beauty, Kat Von D, and Bobbi Brown&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://hellogiggles.com/beauty/makeup/kat-von-d-beauty-is-launching-a-new-program-with-sephora-that-will-allow-you-to-snag-new-products-before-they-hit-stores/|title=Kat Von D Beauty is launching a new program with Sephora that will allow you to snag new products before they hit stores|date=3 January 2017|work=HelloGiggles|accessdate=27 September 2017|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sephora also features its own make-up, skincare, beauty tools and accessories under the brand name Sephora Collection. Packaging for the line previously featured the company's elongated flame logo in standard black print. The new logo features the updated &quot;Sephora Quality, Really Good Price&quot; logo with the $ sign.

N'afọ 2013, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere nchịkọta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ site na Mary-Kate na Ashley Olsen, nke a maara dị ka Elizabeth na James, yana akara ntecha na Marc Jacobs. Na June 2020, nchịkọta echiche nke Maddie Ziegler na Morphe rụkọtara ọrụ, nke a malitere na Sephora Canada. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-22|title=Morphe x Maddie Ziegler The Imagination Collection {{!}} NEW &amp; Exclusive Launch 2020|url=https://www.makeupmuddle.com/morphe-x-maddie-ziegler-the-imagination-collection/|accessdate=2022-03-21|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2023, Sephora ghọrọ onye mbụ na-ere ahịa nke ịdị ọcha ụmụ nwanyị na ihe ntecha Luna Daily na United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://uk.fashionnetwork.com/news/Luna-daily-enters-the-u-s-secures-3-7-million-investment,1501118.html|title=Luna Daily enters the U.S., secures $3.7 million investment|publisher=fashionnetwork.com|accessdate=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thegrocer.co.uk/fundraising/intimate-female-care-brand-luna-daily-raises-3m-as-it-launches-into-the-us/677787.article|title=FUNDRAISINGIntimate female care brand Luna Daily raises £3m as it launches into the US|publisher=The Grocer|accessdate=26 December 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Sephora's Middle East na-echekwa ngwaahịa mba ụwa n'akụkụ akara mpaghara dị ka Shiffa Dubai Skin Care na Huda Beauty. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.businessoffashion.com/articles/business-blogging/huda-beauty-huda-kattan-blog-makeup-cosmetics|title=Inside Huda Kattan's Blog-to-Brand Beauty Empire|date=14 December 2016|work=The Business of Fashion|accessdate=4 August 2018|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka ''Forbes'' si kwuo, Huda Beauty, nke onye na-ede blọgụ na nwanyị ọchụnta ego Huda Kattan nke dị na Dubai guzobere, bụ akara kachasị ere ihe ntecha na Sephora Middle East, na 2018. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/chloesorvino/2018/07/11/huda-kattan-huda-beauty-billion-influencer/#2cac27e16120|title=How Huda Kattan Built A Billion-Dollar Cosmetics Brand With 26 Million Followers|author=Sorvino|first=Chloe|work=Forbes|accessdate=4 August 2018|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e nwetara ==
N'afọ 2000, Sephora.com zụrụ akụ nke Eve.com maka &quot;ọnụ ọgụgụ isii dị elu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wall Street Journal&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Miles|first=Stephanie|title=Sephora.com Buys Assets of Defunct E-Tailer Eve.com|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB9736194156228736|work=The Wall Street Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikpe ==
N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2014, ndị ahịa anọ gbara akwụkwọ megide Sephora. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lawsuit-sephora/sephora-discriminated-against-asian-customers-lawsuit-claims-idUSKCN0J31Z020141119|title=Sephora discriminated against Asian customers, lawsuit claims|date=19 November 2014|work=Reuters|accessdate=27 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikpe ahụ na-ekwu na Sephora na-etinye aka na Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ site n'ịkwụsị akaụntụ ndị ahịa na-akwụ ụgwọ nke ndị ahịa Eshia n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi n'okpuru nkwupụta na ndị ahịa a na-azụta ngwaahịa site na Sephra n'ụba ma na-ere ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Civil Complaint|url=http://www.pacermonitor.com/view/RQBYIZQ/Xiao_et_al_v_Sephora_USA_Inc_et_al__nysdce-14-09181__0001.0.pdf|work=PacerMonitor|accessdate=30 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sephora Class Action Lawsuit|url=http://www.sephoraclassaction.com/|work=Sephora Class Action Lawsuit|accessdate=4 February 2016|archivedate=22 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160122103208/http://www.sephoraclassaction.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Sephora chọpụtara akaụntụ iji wepụ ọrụ site na ile anya na ngalaba email site na @qq.com (nke Tencent nwere), @126.com, ma ọ bụ @163.com (nke NetEase nwere). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-02-21|title=COURT-AUTHORIZED NOTICE OF SETTLEMENT|url=https://community.sephora.com/t5/Customer-Support/COURT-AUTHORIZED-NOTICE-OF-SETTLEMENT/m-p/2705944#M101984|accessdate=2020-06-24|work=Sephora Community|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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    <title>Naaz Joshi</title>
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'''ToNaaz Joshi (amuru ya na December 1984 na New Delhi, India) obu transgender mbu nke ndi India n'emeri international beauty queen, obukwa onye trans rights activists na onye na ekwu okwu ndumodu.'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Naaz Joshi: From being abandoned to winning Miss Universe Diversity;|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/lifestyle/people/naaz-joshi-being-abandoned-winning-miss-universe-diversity-story-1st-transgender-beauty-queen-560665|work=Pink villa|date=2 September 2020|accessdate=3 September 2020|archivedate=9 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509194809/https://www.pinkvilla.com/lifestyle/people/naaz-joshi-being-abandoned-winning-miss-universe-diversity-story-1st-transgender-beauty-queen-560665}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tandon|first=Rajguru|authorlink=|title=Naaz Joshi,The Trans- Woman Inspiring Change In The Community|url=http://bwpeople.businessworld.in/article/Naaz-Joshi-The-Trans-Woman-Inspiring-Change-In-The-Community-/10-09-2019-175879/|work=Business World|date=10 September 2019|accessdate=25 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi meriri miss world Diversity beauty pageant mgboto ato n'otu mgbe. Obu onye bu ndi India ma abia na transgender model. Obu onye mbu but transgender meriri international beauty pageant ya na ndi umunwaanyi cisgender

.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mathur|first=Priyanshi|authorlink=|title=making India Proud: Transgender Model Naaz Joshi Wins The Title Of Miss World Diversity 2019|url=https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/making-india-proud-transgender-model-naaz-joshi-wins-the-title-of-miss-world-diversity-2019_-373119.html/|work=India Times|date=8 August 2019|accessdate=23 October 2019|archivedate=21 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221105504/https://www.indiatimes.com/trending/human-interest/making-india-proud-transgender-model-naaz-joshi-wins-the-title-of-miss-world-diversity-2019_-373119.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Maki|authorlink=|title=Transgender cover girl in India|url=https://transgenderfeed.com/2017/10/23/aizya-naaz-joshi-first-transgender-cover-girl-india/|work=Transgenderfeed|date=23 October 2017|accessdate=23 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Story of India's first trans sexual model|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/videos/news-plus/singles/story-of-indias-first-international-transsexual-model-times-now/101539|work=Times now plus|date=26 June 2021|accessdate=22 July 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sharma|first=Shweta|title=Not easy to compete with cis women: Naaz Joshi, India's first transgender to win Miss World Diversity title thrice|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/naaz-joshi-indian-transgender-miss-world-diversity-title-winner-5909563/|work=indian express|date=17 August 2019|accessdate=1 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Joshi was born to a [[Ndi áláküba|Muslim]] mother and a Hindu Punjabi father.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=3 Time Miss Diversity Naaz Joshi Wants To Use Her Crown To Work For Her Community.|url=https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/|work=Women's web|date=21 August 2018|accessdate=25 October 2019|archivedate=16 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116173557/https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/}}&lt;/ref&gt; At the age of 7, her family sent her to a distant relative in Mumbai to avoid taunts for her feminine behavior. She worked at dance bars and restaurants to earn a living from 1998 to 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=3 Time Miss Diversity Naaz Joshi Wants To Use Her Crown To Work For Her Community.|url=https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/|work=Women's web|date=21 August 2018|accessdate=25 October 2019|archivedate=16 January 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116173557/https://www.womensweb.in/2019/08/i-want-to-use-my-crown-to-work-with-the-government-aizya-naaz-joshi-aug19wk4md/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi debanyere aha na National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT) wee gụchaa akwụkwọ ya na ejiji ejiji. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Soni|first=Preeti|authorlink=|title=Abandoned at 7, raped at 11, India's three-time Miss Diversity, Naaz Joshi, shares the gut-wrenching plight of the country's trans community|url=https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/good-news/abandoned-at-7-raped-at-11-indias-three-time-miss-diversity-naaz-joshi-shares-the-gut-wrenching-plight-of-the-countrys-trans-community/ar-AAGroL4?li=AAggbRN&amp;backRedirect=true|work=MSN|date=27 August 2018|accessdate=23 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụsịrị [[Master nke Nchịkwa Azụmaahịa|MBA]] ya na ahịa site na Institute of Management Technology, Ghaziabad . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Monn|first=Cherrylan|authorlink=|title=Crowning glory|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/270718/crowning-glory.html/|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 August 2018|accessdate=29 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, Joshi zutere nwa nwanne ya nwoke, Viveka Babajee, Onye Mauritius nlereanya. Viveka nyeere Joshi aka ịbanye na NIFT ma mụọ Fashion Design. Mgbe Viveka gburu onwe ya na 2010, Joshi kpebiri imezu nrọ ya nke ịghọ ihe nlereanya ma kwụsị imepụta ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramesh|first=Malvika|authorlink=|title='Trans'-fixed by her beauty|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/fashion-and-beauty/280819/trans-fixed-by-her-beauty.html|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=28 August 2019|accessdate=26 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ iji nweta ego maka ịwa ahụ ya maka mgbanwe mmekọahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Norboo|first=Rinchen|authorlink=|date=27 August 2018|title=India's 1st International Transgender Beauty Queen Once Washed Dishes, Survived Sexual Assault.|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/191847/india-transgender-inspirational-miss-world-diversity-naaz-joshi-international/|accessdate=23 October 2019|work=[[The Better India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ya na ndị na-emepụta ihe abụọ nke [[Ndia|India]], Ritu Kumar na Ritu Beri rụkọrọ ọrụ. Ya na onye bụbu onye omeiwu, Dr. Udit Raj, rụkọrọ ọrụ maka mmeghachi omume nwoke na nwanyị na ime ka ụmụ nwanyị mara banyere ikike iwu ha na ịdị ọcha ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/fashion/naaz-joshi-india-first-transsexual-ms-diversity-2018-5263252/|title=Meet Aizya (Naaz) Joshi: India's first transsexual to win Ms Diversity 2018|work=Indian Express|date=17 July 2018|accessdate=21 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; Joshi na Nitin Shakya, onye ọrụ Nodal nke New Delhi District, arụkọwo ọrụ iji nyere ndị trans obodo aka. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọrụ ya iji mee ka ndị transgender nke India bụrụ ndị isi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Naaz Joshi, India's First Transgender Beauty Queen, Participates in Gender Sensitization Program|url=https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/naaz-joshi-india-s-first-transgender-beauty-queen-participates-in-gender-sensitization-program/article_4ba22262-b1c1-11eb-befb-c31d7093e2b8.html|accessdate=14 May 2021|work=India west|archivedate=13 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513181303/https://www.indiawest.com/entertainment/bollywood/naaz-joshi-india-s-first-transgender-beauty-queen-participates-in-gender-sensitization-program/article_4ba22262-b1c1-11eb-befb-c31d7093e2b8.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi bụ onye nduzi asọmpi maka Mrs. India Home Makers (MIHM). Ebumnuche ya bụ idozi ọdịiche dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/lifestyle/viral-and-trending/270718/crowning-glory-1.html|title=Crowning glory|work=Deccan Chronicle|date=27 July 2018|accessdate=21 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi na-arụ ọrụ na mmemme na-emetụta nwoke na nwanyị. Ọ na-emekọrịta ihe na ndị trans na ụlọ akwụkwọ na mahadum. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.desiblitz.com/content/indias-1st-transgender-pageant-winner-advocates-for-equality|title=Naaz Joshi, India's 1st International Pageant Winner participates in Gender Sensitization Program|work=desi blitz|date=17 January 2022|accessdate=21 December 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke asọmpi ịma mma mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị trans aha ya bụ Miss Universe Trans &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dw.com/en/india-transgender-beauty-pageant-celebrates-diversity/video-67659540|title=India Transgender beauty pageant celebrates diversity|work=dw|date=4 December 2023|accessdate=5 January 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwuregwu ==
Joshi meriri n'ọkwa Miss World Diversity na 2017, 2018 na 2019, Ọ ghọrọ nwanyị trans mbụ meriri n&quot;ọkwa ahụ afọ atọ n'usoro. Mmeri ahụ mekwara ka ọ bụrụ onye transgender mbụ n'ụwa iji merie okpueze mba ụwa megide ụmụ nwanyị cisgender. N'afọ 2020 na 2022 ọ meriri asọmpi ọdịiche dị iche iche nke eluigwe na ala, Emere asọmpi 2020 dijitalụ n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. E nwere ndị na-asọmpi si mba iri atọ e nyere ọrụ. Joshi họọrọ ịrụ ọrụ na nchekwa na nchebe ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Not easy to compete with cis women: Naaz Joshi, India's first transgender to win Miss World Diversity title thrice2018|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/naaz-joshi-indian-transgender-miss-world-diversity-title-winner-5909563/|work=Indian Express|date=17 August 2018|accessdate=27 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sharma|first=Shweta|authorlink=|title=Not easy to compete with cis women: Naaz Joshi, India's first transgender to win Miss World Diversity title thrice 2018|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/naaz-joshi-indian-transgender-miss-world-diversity-title-winner-5909563/|work=New Indian Express|date=17 August 2019|accessdate=23 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=I'm looking for power to voice my opinions: Miss Universe Diversity Naaz Joshi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/aug/08/interview--im-looking-for-power-to-voice-my-opinions-miss-universe-diversity-naaz-joshi-2180539.html|work=New Indian Express|date=8 August 2020|accessdate=8 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=naaz joshi wins miss universe diversity 2022 crown|url=https://indianexpress.com/web-stories/life-style/naaz-joshi-wins-miss-universe-diversity-2022-crown/|work=Indian express|date=3 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Septemba 2018, Joshi meriri Miss Transqueen India na Mumbai.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=kumar|first=ashok|authorlink=|title=Delhi Transgender Accuses Hotel Staff for Discrimination|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Delhi/transgender-accuses-hotel-staff-of-discrimination/article26658058.ece|work=New The Hindu|date=28 March 2019|accessdate=25 April 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, Joshi meriri asọmpi Miss Republic International Beauty Ambassador na Miss United Nations Ambassador. Mgbe ọ meriri otu aha a, ọ gwara Indulge Express na mmeri nke okpueze ahụ na-enye ya ike na ibu ọrụ n'ebe ọha mmadụ nọ, nke ọ na-ezube ịrụ ọrụ iji mee ka ndị transgender banye n'ime usoro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shruti|date=9 October 2019|title=Creating History: Transgender Model Naaz Joshi Wins Miss World Diversity For The Third Time!|url=https://www.whatshot.in/delhi-ncr/creating-history-transgender-model-naaz-joshi-wins-miss-world-diversity-for-the-third-time-c-16995|accessdate=27 October 2019|work=What's Hot}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2021, Joshi meriri asọmpi Empress Earth, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ eze nwanyị trans mbụ nke India nwere utu aha asaa. Ọ bụ onye India mbụ meriri n'asọmpi ahụ. E kwesiri ka asọmpi ahụ mee na Dubai na 1 June 2021, mana n'ihi ọrịa a, emere asọmpi ahụ. Ụmụ nwanyị na-asọmpi si n'ihe karịrị mba iri na ise sonyere na Empress Earth 2021. Mba ndị batara n'elu ise bụ [[Colombia]], [[Spain]], [[Brazil]], [[Mézíkọ|Mexico]] na [[Ndia|India]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=India's first international transgender beauty queen wins empress earth|url=https://www.womansera.com/indias-first-international-transgender-beauty-queen-wins-empress-earth/|work=Womansera|date=4 June 2021|accessdate=5 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Echiche ==
N'ajụjụ ọnụ n'oge emume ụbọchị nnwere onwe nke iri asaa na abụọ na India, o kwuru na ịhụnanya abụghị n'efu na mba ahụ. O kwuru na a kagburu alụmdi na nwunye ya n'ihi na ọ bụ nwanyị trans.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 August 2020|title=Independence Day 2020: Is India independent to love?|url=https://www.mid-day.com/articles/independence-day-2020-is-india-independent-to-love/22936260|accessdate=17 August 2020|work=Midday|archivedate=15 August 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815202115/https://www.mid-day.com/articles/independence-day-2020-is-india-independent-to-love/22936260}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na The Times of India, Joshi kọrọ ihe mgbochi ya na asọmpi. Ụfọdụ ndị na-asọmpi laghachiri azụ, na-anụ na nwanyị trans ga-asọmpi na ụfọdụ laghachiri n'ihi na o nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọrụ mmekọahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu kwuo na na asọmpi mba India, ebe ọ na-asọmpi na 2018, ndị ya na ha na-asọ mpi mere ya ihere n'ihi na ọ bụ onye okenye n'ime ndị niile na-asọmpị transgender.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 June 2021|title=It's very difficult to find true love as a trans- woman|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/sunday-times/its-very-difficult-to-find-true-love-as-a-trans-woman/articleshow/83742390.cms|accessdate=22 June 2021|work=Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Joshi bụ nne nke ụmụ nwanyị abụọ. Ọ kuchiri ha mgbe ndị ezinụlọ ha gbahapụrụ ha. Mgbe ọ na-agwa ''New Indian Express'' okwu, o kwuru na nwa ya nwanyị nke nta bụ nwa nwanyị dị afọ iri na isii nke tụbara nwatakịrị ahụ n'ime ite ájá.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=INTERVIEW {{!}} I'm looking for power to voice my opinions: Miss Universe Diversity Naaz Joshi|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/delhi/2020/aug/08/interview--im-looking-for-power-to-voice-my-opinions-miss-universe-diversity-naaz-joshi-2180539.html|accessdate=30 April 2021|work=The New Indian Express|date=8 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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    <title>Okpueze Oba</title>
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{{Databox}}Okpueze Oba na-anọchi anya ọchịchị kacha elu enyere ndị ọchịchị [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] . A na-akpọ ya '''Adé''', okpueze a kpara akpa bụ àgwà kachasị nke onye na-achị achị na akara kasị ukwuu nke nsọpụrụ na ikike nke ikike Chineke. An Oba's Crown may also be refered as an Adé ńlá, literally: ''Big Crown'' . Ade n'ala Yoruba bụ ngwo isi conical sara mbara nke nwere akwa akwa akwa akwa na ọnụ ọnụ nke na-echebe ma ọ bụ kpuchie ihu.

N'okpuru Ade bụ '''Akoro''' bụ obere coronets nke ndị ọchịchị mpaghara na-eyi n'okpuru suzerainty ma ọ bụ ikike nke ógbè ma ọ bụ mpaghara Oba, ma ọ bụ Obas bụ ndị bụbu ndị vassals n'okpuru Emperor nke alaeze ukwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Johnson|first=Samuel|title=The History of the Yorubas: From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the British Protectorate|date=1966|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-108-02099-2|pages=8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7XSiGw4_qlAC&amp;dq=Akoro+yoruba+crown&amp;pg=PA8|accessdate=28 August 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Utu aha Oloja na Baale bụ aha abụọ a maara na-eyi Akoro n'ala Yoruba karịa Ade nke ha enweghị ikike iyi. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fraser|first=Douglas|title=African Art and Leadership|date=1972|publisher=Univ of Wisconsin Press|isbn=978-0-299-05824-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sSIxOcgE378C&amp;dq=Akoro+yoruba+crown&amp;pg=PA210|accessdate=28 August 2023|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=King Chronicles: Not All Crowns Are Created Equal|url=https://www.obafemio.com/blog/king-chronicles-not-all-crowns-are-created-equal|work=Obafemio.com|accessdate=28 August 2023|language=en|archivedate=28 August 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230828210602/https://www.obafemio.com/blog/king-chronicles-not-all-crowns-are-created-equal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ojiji ==
Ka emechara ya dị ka onye ndu, Oba Yoruba agaghị ekpughe ihu ya n'ihu ọha. Kama, ọ na-eyi Ade/Ade nla. Oba okpueze mgbe niile nwere abụọ eluigwe na ala atụmatụ. Nke mbụ bụ nnụnụ n'elu okpueze na nhọrọ n'akụkụ ya. Nke abụọ bụ opekata mpe otu ihu mara mma nke a na-egosipụta n'ụdị bead nke etinyere n'okpueze ma mee ya iji mata eze mgbe ọ pụtara n'ihu ọha. Ọtụtụ okpueze nwere ihe karịrị otu ihu na ha. Ọ bụ ezie na amabeghị ihe ha pụtara, a na-ejikọtakarị ihe ngosi na Odùduwà, ma na-atụ aro ka a ga-eketa akara aka n'etiti onye ndu na ndị bu ya ụzọ.&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; widths=&quot;200px&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;&gt;
Usòrò:Brooklyn_Museum_70.109.2_Beaded_Crown_Ade_of_Onijagbo_Obasoro_Alowolodu_Ogoga_of_Ikere_1890-1928.jpg|alt=Beaded Crown (Ade) of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu; late 19th century (1890); basketry frame covered by a stiffened cloth base which is embroidered with glass beads: white, blue, green, pink, red-orange, ochre, and violet; Brooklyn Museum (New York City)|Okpueze bead ('''Ade''') of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu; Nche afọ nke 19 (1890); nkata nkata ya na isi akwa siri ike nke enyo enyo gbachie: ọcha, blue, green, pink, red-oroma, ocher na violet;Ezi ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn(New York City)
Usòrò:Brooklyn_Museum_70.109.1a-b_Beaded_Crown_Ade_of_Onijagbo_Obasoro_Alowolodu_Ogoga_of_Ikere_1890-1928.jpg|alt=Beaded Crown (Ade) of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu, Ogoga of Ikere; 1890; basketry frame, covered with beaded cloth; Brooklyn Museum|Okpueze bead ('''Ade''') of Onijagbo Obasoro Alowolodu, Ogoga of Ikere; 1890; nkata nkata, ya na akwa akwa; Ezi ihe ngosi nka nke Brooklyn
Usòrò:Nigeria,_yoruba,_cappello_reale,_xx_secolo_02.jpg|alt=An example of a beaded royal coronet, (Akoro), Indianapolis Museum of Art. The Akoro was usually smaller than an Adé, fringeless and was usually worn by lesser ranking kings, nobles and community leaders under powerful regional Obas.|Ọmụmaatụ nke a beaded royal coronet, ('''Akoro'''), Indianapolis Museum of Art. Akoro na- Iska obere mpaghara Adé, na- Micro fringe ma na-eyikarị ndị eze dị obere, ndị ama na ndị isi obodo n'okpuru Obas mpaghara dị ike.
Usòrò:YorubaCrown2.jpg|alt=Yoruba 19th century copper alloy (brass) crown from Iperu following the typical Yoruba stem on cone ancestral crown designs. These crowns are used in the veneration of the paternal ancestors of Iperu (Ijebu) kings. The four staring faces represent the all-seeing gods or ancestors. Their protruding eyes signify when the spiritual eye replaces ordinary vision. The two figures with mudfish legs refer to supernatural powers in two realms, land and water, or reality and spirit.|Yoruba eje nke 19 ọla kọpa alloy (ọla) okpueze sitere naIperuna-agbaọsọ ụdị osisi Yoruba n'ụdị okpueze cone. A na-eji okpueze ndị a na- ike ndị nna nna nke ndị eze Iperu (Ijebu). Ihu anɔ ahụ na-ele anya na- anya chi ma ọ bụ ndị nna ochie na-ahụ ihe niile. Anya ha na-egosipụta na-egosi anya ime ime akọwa n'chiri anya anya. Akọbụrụ ahụ nwere ikike ụkwụ apịtị na-ezo aka na ike ụmụaka nke mmadụ n'ebe abụọ, ala na mmirika, ma ọ bụ eziokwu na ike.
Usòrò:Man's_royal_headdress,_1._Yoruba_people._Musée_des_Confluences.jpg|alt=Royal headdress called Orikogbofo were much lighter versions of ancestral crowns, which were often heavy and cumbersome. The orikogbofo fulfilled the function of keeping the Oba's head always covered, for it was taboo for an Oba to be seen bare headed. This style is now popular across southern Nigeria worn by various royals in the region. Remnant tassels of a beaded veil that should completely shield the Oba's face has been extensively reduced to a few convenient strings.|Isi akwa eze eze'''Orikogbofo'''bụ ụdị okpueze ndị nna ochie dị obere obere, nke na-agha arọ ma dị egwu. Orikogbofo mezuru oru nke idebe isi oba mgbe nile, n'ihi na oburu na oba ka a hu onye isi n'isi. Ụdị a na-ewu ewu ugbu a n'ofe ndị Naijiria nke ndị eze dị iche iche na mpaghara ahụ na-eyi. Mgbọrọgwụ tassels nke akwa nhọrọ nke kwesịrị ichebe ihu Oba kpamkpam belala ka ọ bụrụ eriri dị mma ole na ole.
Usòrò:Nigeria,_yoruba,_grande_corona_adenle,_xx_secolo.jpg|alt=Yoruba ancestral royal crown (Ade Nla) with a front facing stylized face, longed veiled beaded fringes and a bird perched on its top as well as on the sides.|Okpueze ndị nna nna ndị yoruba (Ade Nla) nwere ihu n'ihu mara mma, ọnụ ọnụ ola nchara kpuchiri ogologo oge na ihe ndị nọkwasịrị n'elu yana n'ihu.
&lt;/gallery&gt;Ụfọdụ okpueze (a na-akpọ oríkògbófo) na-egosipụta mmasị onwe onye nke eze . Ndị a na-agụnye ihe nkpuchi a na-akpọ &quot;nkịta-eared-one&quot; (abetíajá), nke a na-eyi n'ụzọ na-eme ka ihu ya gbado n'akụkụ, na obere okpu ndị dị ka igbe pill, okpueze Europe, na coronet. [[Babatunde Lawal]] na-ede, sị: &quot;Okpueze ndị ọzọ na-emetụta wig ndị ọkàiwu ụdị nke Europe, na-egosipụta mgbanwe dị egwu nke mere na Yorubaland n'etiti njedebe narị afọ nke iri na itoolu na 1960, mgbe ndị eze tụfuru ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha n'aka ndị ọchịchị France na Briten. Ọkwa bụ emume taa, gọọmentị steeti ka na-ajụ ndị eze ajụjụ tupu emee mkpebi ụfọdụ Okpueze dị ka wig na-enye eze dịka onye na-akwado ndị ọ na-achị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Lawal&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lawal|first=Babatunde|title=Embodying the sacred in Yoruba art : featuring the Bernard and Patricia Wagner Collection|year=2007|publisher=High Museum of Art|location=Atlanta, Ga.|isbn=978-1932543209}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnụnụ Motif ==
Ebumnuche nnụnụ na ọtụtụ okpueze nwere ihe ọ pụtara. Ọ na-echeta otú Odùduwà, bụ́ onye nnụnụ na-akọ akụkọ ifo na-enyere aka, si kee ala a na-ebi n’elu mmiri primordial na Ụlọ Ifè, bụ́ ebe o mesịrị ghọọ eze mbụ. Ọ bụkwa ihe e ji amata ọrụ eze dị ka onye na-emekọrịta ihe n’etiti ndị ọ na-achị na ndị òrịsa, otú ahụ ka nnụnụ si agba n’etiti eluigwe na ụwa. N'ikpeazụ, ọ na-ezo aka n'ikike omimi (àse) nke a kọrọ na Olòdúmarè nyere nwanyị mbụ (n'ụdị nnụnụ nke etinyere n'ime calash), si otú a na-enye ya ohere ime ka uru ahụ ike nke ụmụ nwoke na-eme ka ọ kwụsị. A na-ekwu na ike omimi a na-akpata ọ bụghị naanị maka ikike ịmụ nwa kamakwa maka ikike ya ịtụgharị ghọọ nnụnụ n'abalị ime ihe ọma ma ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ. Ya mere, site n'inwe akara nke ike nwanyị bụ isi n'okpueze ya, a na-atụ anya ka eze jiri ike ahụ mee ihe maka ọdịmma mmadụ nile. Nke a na-akọwa ihe mere Ìyá Oba (Official Mother of the King) ji chie eze ọhụrụ n'obodo ụfọdụ - iji gosi na ọ nwere nkwado nke ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Drewal&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Drewal|first=Henry John|title=Yoruba : nine centuries of African art and thought|year=1989|publisher=Center for African Art in Association with H.N. Abrams|location=New York|isbn=0810917947|pages=33–39|edition=2nd print|editor=Allen Wardwell}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụdị nnụnụ na-adịkwa n'ihe ndị ọzọ dị nsọ ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa dịka mkpara Osanyin .

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Enwere akụkọ dị iche iche dị iche iche na-ekwu maka akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ade, ma ọ bụ okpueze Oba. Ihe ọtụtụ n'ime akụkọ ndị a jikọtara ọnụ bụ na ha kwenyere na isi obodo nke Ile-Ife bụ &quot;obodo okpueze&quot; nke mbụ nke ndị eze Yoruba niile nwere ike isi na ya nweta agbụrụ ha.

Otu n’ime akụkọ mgbe ochie ndị a na-ekwu na tupu ọ nwụọ, Oduduwa, onye malitere na eze mbụ nke ndị Yoruba, nyere ụmụ ya nwoke okpueze okpueze ma zipụ ha ka ha guzobe ala-eze nke ha. Akụkọ ọzọ na-ekwu na mgbe Oduduwa mere agadi na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kpuo ìsì, ụmụ ya na-ezu ohi ades nna ha ma jiri ikike nke ade guzobe alaeze nke ha. Akụkọ a jikọtara nbibi nke Alaeze Ukwu Oyo n'ọtụtụ ala-eze ndị pere mpe.

== Beads na mkpa ha ==
Ihe odide okpukpe na akụkọ ifo kwuru na chi ndị Yoruba na-ahọrọ eriri bead ka ihe nnọchianya ha. Okpueze ndị yoruba, nke e ji ihe akpara akpa chọọ ya mma, na-egosi ike site n'iwu Chineke. N'ezie, ọ bụ nanị mmadụ ole na ole a họpụtara n'obodo Yoruba ka a na-ekwe ka iyi ma ọ bụ jiri ihe nchara, gụnyere ndị eze, [[Tribal chief|ndị isi]], ndị isi, ndị ụkọchukwu, ndị na-agba afa na ndị dọkịta obodo . &lt;ref name=&quot;Thompson&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Thompson|first=Robert F.|title=African art &amp; leadership|year=1972|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|location=Madison|isbn=0299058204|pages=227–260|authorlink=The Sign of the Divine King: Yoruba Bead-Embroidered Crowns with Veil and Bird Decorations|editor=Douglas Fraser and Herbert M. Cole}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Taa, a na-eji beads ndị nwere agba si England chọọ okpueze mma. N'oge gara aga, e si na Litingo dị na Upper Volta na-ebubata bead jaspa na-acha uhie uhie ma na-akpụcha ya na Oyo-Ile (Old Oyo). N'oge ochie, a na-eme bead n'Ile -Ife . &lt;ref name=&quot;Ojo&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ojo|first=G. J. Afolabi|title=Yoruba Culture|year=1966|location=London}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị nwoke nwere nkà na-eme akwa bead n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria, ọkachasị na Efon-Alaye, Ile-Ife, Oyo, Ilesha, [[Abeokuta]], na Iperu-Remo .

Enyere beads na usoro iji ha na nka na emume nwere ọtụtụ ihe pụtara na mkpa. Beads na ikpuchi onwe ya n'ime ha na-agwọ ọrịa: A na-ewere beads mara mma dị ka ''ọtụmọkpọ'' ( ''ọgwụ'' ) nke na-eme ndị agha ọjọọ. Iji yi akwa beads ( ''kele'' ) na iche iche shades nke red ( ''pupa'' ) na ọcha ( ''funfun'' ) na-egosi ma ntaramahụhụ na ọgwụgwọ ọnụnọ Shango, Yoruba chi égbè eluigwe. &lt;ref name=&quot;Drewal 1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Drewal|first=Henry John|title=Yorùbá Beadwork in Africa|journal=African Arts|date=Winter 1998|volume=31|issue=1|pages=18–94|doi=10.2307/3337620}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nkà nke ịkwa akwa, ma ọ bụ eriri, na-agbaso usoro usoro na nhazi usoro nka nke Yoruba, ndọtị nke ụkpụrụ bụ isi nke ase . Otu bead n'ụzọ nzọụkwụ-site-nzọụkwụ ( ''leseese'' ) ma ọ bụ otu n'otu ( ''leto-lto'' ). Dị nnọọ ka ùkwù osisi (atoori) a kechiri nke dị n'elu ebe ịchụàjà nke ndị nna ochie na-egosi na-aga n'ihu nke ihe nketa ezinụlọ, beads na-egosipụta na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu site n'ọgbọ ruo n'ọgbọ. Mgbe ejikọtara ọnụ, beads na-anọchi anya ịdị n'otu na ịdị n'otu. &lt;ref name=&quot;Drewal 1998&quot; /&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Drewal|first=Henry John|title=Yorùbá Beadwork in Africa|journal=African Arts|date=Winter 1998|volume=31|issue=1|pages=18–94|doi=10.2307/3337620}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation journal cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDrewal1998&quot;&gt;Drewal, Henry John (Winter 1998). &quot;Yorùbá Beadwork in Africa&quot;. ''African Arts''. '''31''' (1). UCLA James S. Coleman African Studies Center: 18–94. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.2307/3337620|10.2307/3337620]]. [[JSTOR (ihe nchọpụta)|JSTOR]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3337620 3337620].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ha na-agba gburugburu ma na-achọ akụkụ nke ahụ mma, beads na-ezobe ma na-echebe ase mmadụ na, site na ihe atụ ha pụtara, nwekwara ike ikpughe njirimara ndị dị mkpa nke onye ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Drewal 1998&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Mịlị Faiza</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Miled Faiza''' ({{lang-ar|ميلاد فايزه|translit=Mīlād Fāyzah}}; born 1974) is a Tunisian-American writer.

 
== Ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Miled Faiza na Monastir, [[Tunisia]] na 1974. O bipụtara akwụkwọ uri mbụ ya n'afọ 2004 ma sụgharịa uri ya n'asụsụ Bekee, French, Spanish na Serbian.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://tunisiya.org/team/|title=Our Team Tunisian Arabic Corpus|work=tunisiya.org|accessdate=2017-12-15|archivedate=2020-10-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022060134/http://www.tunisiya.org/team/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Faiza bụkwa onye ntụgharị; e bipụtara nsụgharị ya nke Ali Smith's Autumn dị ka ''al-Kharīf'' ''na 2018'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ahmad|first=Adnan Hussein|date=July 26, 2018|title=رواية «الخريف» لآلي سميث ومثلث الصداقة والحُب والفَناء|language=ar|work=القدس العربي  Al-quds|url=https://www.alquds.co.uk/%ef%bb%bf%d8%b1%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81-%d9%84%d8%a2%d9%84%d9%8a-%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%ab-%d9%88%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%84%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bipụta ọtụtụ nsụgharị nke uri America n'asụsụ Arabic. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mosbahi|first=Hassouna|date=March 10, 2020|title=&quot;أصابع النحات&quot;.. قصائد شاعر مهاجر كتبت على نار هادئة {{!}}|url=https://alarab.co.uk/%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF-%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B1-%D9%85%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B1-%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A6%D8%A9|accessdate=2020-10-30|work=صحيفة العرب – Al Arab|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mgbakwunye na ide ihe, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke [[Oxford Arabic Dictionary]] (2014), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/881018992|title=Oxford Arabic dictionary : Arabic-English · English-Arabic|others=Arts, Tressy.|isbn=9780199580330|edition=First|location=Oxford|pages=iv|oclc=881018992}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụkwa onye na-emepụta Tunisian Arabic Corpus. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọ kụziri Arabic na United States kemgbe afọ 2006 ma na-akụzi ugbu a na Mahadum Brown . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.brown.edu/new-faculty/humanities/miled-faiza|title=Miled Faiza {{!}} News from Brown|accessdate=2017-12-15|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta abụ ==

* (2019) ʾAṣābiʿ al-naḥāt (أصابع النحات ({{Lang|ar|أصابع النحات}} onye na-ese ihe)) 
* (2004'') '' Baqayā al-bayt alladhī dakhalnāhā maratan wāḥida (N'ime ụlọ anyị banyere naanị otu ugboro) 

== Nsụgharị ==

* (2023) ''al-Rabīʿ'' (الربيع), nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Ali Smith Spring&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=الربيع|url=https://kalimatgroup.ae/ar/spring.html|accessdate=2024-02-21|work=Kalimat Group|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* (2021) The Italian, nsụgharị (ya na Karen McNeil) nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Shukri Mabkhout ''al-Talyānī'' ({{Lang|ar|الطلياني}}) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Italian - Shukri Mabkhout|url=http://www.europaeditions.com.cricchetto.frequenze.it/book/9781609457013/the-italian|accessdate=2024-02-21|work=Europa Editions|language=en|archivedate=2024-02-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221211500/http://www.europaeditions.com.cricchetto.frequenze.it/book/9781609457013/the-italian}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* (2019) ''al-Shitāʾ'' (الشتاء), nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Ali Smith Winter&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=الشتاء|url=https://kalimatgroup.ae/ar/winter.html|accessdate=2024-02-21|work=Kalimat Group|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ali Smith=&quot;mwRA&quot; rel=&quot;mw:PageProp/Category&quot;/&gt;
* (2017) ''al-Kharīf'' (الخريف), nsụgharị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Ali Smith Autumn&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=الخريف|url=https://kalimatgroup.ae/ar/autumn-seasonal.html|accessdate=2024-02-21|work=Kalimat Group|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
 
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    <title>Aimé Mpane</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Aimé Mpane''' (amụrụ 1968) bụ omenkà si [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]] (DRC) na-eke oge ya n'etiti Brussels na [[Kinshasa]] . Amụrụ n'oge ọchịchị Mobutu Sese Seko, ndụ nwata ya na DRC na arụrụala nke Eze Leopold II na ndị Belgium mere emetụtawo ọrụ ya nke ukwuu. Nkà ya na-egosikwa omenala DRC na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Europe na Africa. A na-akpọ Mpane &quot;otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe kachasị mkpa sitere na Africa ruo taa&quot; ma sonye na ihe ngosi solo na otu na Africa, Europe, na North America. Ọ na-eji adze emepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ ya ma na-arụkarị ọrụ n'abalị ma ọ bụ site na kandụl.

Ọrụ ya n'ịmepụta ihe ọkpụkpụ na Royal Museum for Central Africa, nke a na-akpọ ugbu a AfricaMuseum, iji dochie ihe oyiyi nke Leopold nke e wepụrụ n'oge nnukwu nrụzigharị kpuchiri n'ọtụtụ isiokwu. Ọrụ ya, ''New Breath, ma ọ bụ Burgeoning Congo'', bụ iji &quot;dozie&quot; ihe oyiyi ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na ihe oyiyi dị na nnukwu Rotunda nke ihe ngosi nka. A nọgidere na-akatọ ya na mgbanwe ndị ọzọ e mere n'ime ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ahụ emeghị nke ọma. A gbakwunyere ihe ọkpụkpụ nke abụọ na, na-arụ ọrụ na onye na-ese ihe na Belgium, Mpane gbakwunyere ákwà mgbochi na-agafe agafe n'ihu ihe oyiyi ahụ na ọrụ a na-akpọ RE/STORE.

Mpane bụ onye mmadụ na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma Ubuntu . O kwenyere na kama ịrụ ụka maka ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga, ndị Europe na ndị Africa kwesịrị iweghachi mmekọrịta ha, ọ bụghị imeziwanye mmekọrịta ha. Otu ihe atụ nke a bụ ihe ọkpụkpụ a rụrụ n’ihu ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Belgium dị na [[Kinshasa]] nke na-egosi onye isi ojii na-ekele onye ọcha. Mpane akatọọla ngagharị nke Black Lives Matter, na-ekwu na ya ekwetaghị na atụmatụ ya.

== Ndụ mbido ==
[[Usòrò:Prins_Bernhard_in_Zaire_(voorheen_Belgisch_Congo),_Bernhard_en_Mobutu,_Bestanddeelnr_926-6037.jpg|thumb| A mụrụ Mpane n'oge ọchịchị onye ọchịchị aka ike Mobutu Sese Seko, nke na-emetụta ọrụ ya nke ukwuu.|227x227px]]
A mụrụ Aimé Mpane na 1968 na [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Democratic Republic of Congo]] (DRC) nke oge a, afọ ole na ole ka Nsogbu Kongo kwụsịrị, na n'oge ọchịchị aka ike nke ndị agha Mobutu Sese Seko . Nna ya bụ onye na-eme kabinet na onye na-ese ihe na nna nna ya na-ejikwa osisi rụọ ọrụ. {{Cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/art/article/aime-mpane-dual-perspective-from-congo-4733551.php|title=Aimé Mpane: 'Dual Perspective' from Congo, Belgium|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=August 14, 2013|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Chun, Kimberly}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;tlmagazine&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://tlmagazine.com/aime-mpane-between-shadow-and-light-sculpting-and-painting-humanity/|title=Aimé Mpane – Between shadow and light: sculpting and painting humanity|work=TL Magazine|date=June 30, 2018|accessdate=November 28, 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;thephillips&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://blog.phillipscollection.org/2020/02/11/phillips-collects-aime-mpane/|title=The Phillips Collects: Aimé Mpane|publisher=The Phillips Collection|date=February 11, 2020|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126225023/https://blog.phillipscollection.org/2020/02/11/phillips-collects-aime-mpane/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụlọ akwụkwọ, a kụziiri Mpane site na akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị mbipụta Belgium bipụtara. Akwụkwọ ndị ahụ gosipụtara Eze Leopold II, bụ onye kpatara ọnwụ nke ọtụtụ nde ụmụ amaala Congo Free State, dị ka nnukwu onye ndu. A kuziri Mpane na ndị Congo sitere na Gauls . Nke a bụ ihe mere ndị Belgium ji bụrụ ndị ọchịchị ha. {{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/02/644085214/belgian-museum-looks-at-countrys-history-of-colonialism-and-racism|title=Belgian Museum Looks At Country's History Of Colonialism And Racism|work=NPR|date=September 2, 2018|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Kakissis, Joanna}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mpane kwagara [[Kinshasa]] mgbe ọ dị afọ 15. Obere oge ka ọ bịarutere, a gwara ya ka o see foto maka ọkọlọtọ na-akwalite ihe nkiri. E gosipụtara ọkọlọtọ ahụ ruo ọnwa ole na ole, nke Mpane kpọrọ ihe ngosi mbụ ya. {{Cite news|url=https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14|title=Aimé Mpane: 'I prefer Martin Luther King to Malcolm X'|work=BRUZZ|date=October 14, 2021|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Peeters, Tom}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ na Institut Des Beaux Arts ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ọrụ ọkpụkpụ na 1987. O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke Fine Arts na Académie des Beaux-Arts na 1990. {{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1994, Mpane kwagara Belgium ebe ọ gara n'ihu n'akwụkwọ ya wee nweta ihe nrite mbụ ya, na nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ dị na Libramont-Chevigny . &lt;ref name=&quot;kakissis&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/09/02/644085214/belgian-museum-looks-at-countrys-history-of-colonialism-and-racism|title=Belgian Museum Looks At Country's History Of Colonialism And Racism|work=NPR|date=September 2, 2018|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Kakissis, Joanna}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ chọsiri ike ịmata ihe ndị Belgium chere ala nna ya na ndị bi na ya. Ọ gara Royal Museum for Central Africa, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka AfricaMuseum, wee hụ ndị Congo na-egosi dị ka ndị obi ọjọọ na-achọ enyemaka site n'aka ndị ọcha Belgium. E kọwara eze Belgium na ndị ozi ala ọzọ dị ka ndị dike nwere obiọma. &lt;ref name=&quot;kakissis&quot; /&gt; N'otu oge ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ahụ masịrị ya ma nwee mmasị dị ukwuu n'ihe osise ebo Africa a na-egosi. A kụziiri ya naanị gbasara nka mgbe ọchịchị gachara na nka ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihi ''amụma'' nke Mobutu. Maka ya, Mpane nọ &quot;n'ihu 'ezigbo' patrimony Congo.&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;muse&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|url=https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/6/article/757367|title=Conversation between Aimé Mpane and Maxime de Formanoir|journal=African Arts|date=Summer 2020|volume=53|issue=2|pages=92–93}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Enyere Mpane nke mbụ na asọmpi 1996 Center International des Civilizations Bantu, na-anọchite anya DRCH. O nwetara Master of Fine Arts site na École Nationale Supérieure des Arts Visuels na 2000. Ka ọ na-erule oge ahụ, ọ sonyelarị na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi otu, gụnyere ọtụtụ na Belgium na otu na Canada, na ihe ngosi solo na Belgium na DRC. &lt;ref name=&quot;duende&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ Mpane sitere na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti DRC na Belgium, kpọmkwem oge n'oge Congo Free State, na ụzọ ịkpa ókè agbụrụ siri rụọ ọrụ dị ukwuu na ya. Ọrụ ya na-ekwukwa banyere omenala DRC na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmetụta Mobutu na DRC. Mpane na-arụkarị ọrụ n'abalị ma ọ bụ site n'ìhè kandụl, na-eji adze kpụrụ ya ọrụ mmadụ . Na mgbakwunye na ọrụ ọkpụkpụ a na-ahụkarị, Mpane na-ese foto n'ime osisi, na-emepụta mgbidi mosaic, na agba. &lt;ref name=&quot;haines&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://hainesgallery.com/aime-mpane-bio|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Haines Gallery|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=July 12, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712160030/https://hainesgallery.com/aime-mpane-bio}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọ ya &quot;otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe kachasị mkpa sitere na Africa ruo taa&quot; site na Royal Museums of Fine Arts nke Belgium na BRUZZ . &lt;ref name=&quot;peeters&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14|title=Aimé Mpane: 'I prefer Martin Luther King to Malcolm X'|work=BRUZZ|date=October 14, 2021|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Peeters, Tom}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;finearts&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane|title=Aimé Mpane: Remedies|publisher=Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126064906/https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otu akụkọ dị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ, ''Black Renaissance/Renaissance Noire'', nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka African American Affairs University nke New York bipụtara, malitere na nchịkọta nke ọrụ Mpane a: &lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ọrụ Aimé Mpané na-agụnye ihe mgbu na amara nke esemokwu ụmụ mmadụ nke na-esite na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị maara nke ọma na ịmara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke colonial Africa. Ọrụ ya na-egosi eziokwu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gbara ya gburugburu, eziokwu na-eme site n'echiche ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke ya. Ọgbọ nke ọrụ ya na-aga n'ihu na-enyere aka n'ichepụta echiche banyere ọdịdị mara mma na omenala nke Afrika Afrika, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ala nna ya - Democratic Republic of Congo - na arụrụ arụ kpara n'oge narị afọ nke 19 site n'aka Eze Leopold II nke Belgium, na-aga n'ihu site na ọnwụ nke nketa. colonialism na mbibi na-esochi nke agha na ụzọ akụ na ụba na-aga n'ihu n'oge postcolonial, na-ahapụ ihe nhụjuanya dị omimi na nke dị egwu na ncheta nke ndị Congo.&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

=== 2000s ===
[[Usòrò:National_Museum_of_African_Art,_2019.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb| Ihe ngosi Mpane ya na António Ole mere na [[National Museum of African Art]] na 2009.]]
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 2000, Mpane sonye na ihe ngosi otu n'ime afọ ndị sochirinụ na Belgium, Monaco, France, Cuba, [[Jémanị|Germany]] na [[Senegal]]. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ngosi solo mbụ ya mere na Lubumbashi, 8th Havana Biennial, Dakar Biennale, ebe ọ meriri 2006 Jean-Paul Blachère Foundation Critics Prize, na [[New York City]] . Nke ikpeazụ, &quot;Bach to Congo&quot;, mere na Skoto Gallery na 2007. &lt;ref name=&quot;duende&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf &quot;Aimé Mpane&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on November 30, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; ''The Village Voice'' kwuru na ọrụ ya ji egwuregwu onyinyo na ili na-agụ &quot;Congo-1885&quot;, n'afọ ahụ ọgbakọ Berlin weere ọnọdụ, mgbe mba Europe kpebiri ka ha ga -akpụpụta Africa maka alaeze ha.  ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times'' kpọrọ ya &quot;solo siri ike&quot; site na Mpane, na-ahụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke nwoke si Africa nke mejupụtara mkpisi osisi 4,652 kpamkpam. &lt;ref name=&quot;cotter&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-9F02E4DC1E30F93AA25752C0A9619C8B63.html|title=Art in Review: Aime Mpane -- Bach to Congo|work=The New York Times|date=January 19, 2007|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Cotter, Holland|pages=E38}}&lt;/ref&gt;  A chọpụtakwara na otu n'ime ihe mere a na-ejikarị arụ ọrụ ya n'abalị bụ n'ihi ọkụ eletrik na Kinshasa, ebe Mpane bi mgbe ọ bụghị na Brussels . &lt;ref name=&quot;cotter&quot; /&gt;

N'ime afọ abụọ sochirinụ, Mpane malitere izi ihe wee gosipụta ya na ihe ngosi otu na Belgium, France, na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], na ihe ngosi solo na Belgium, Houston, na New York City. &lt;ref name=&quot;duende&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf &quot;Aimé Mpane&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on November 30, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  Ihe ngosi na Washington, DC, &quot;Ndị na-ese ihe na mkparịta ụka: Antonion Ole na Aimé Mpane&quot;, mere na [[National Museum of African Art]] ma tinye ọrụ nke Mpane kere n'etiti 2006 na 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;duende&quot; /&gt;  Otu akụkọ dị na ''The Washington Post'' kọwara ọ bụghị naanị ihe ọkpụkpụ ya, kama eserese, dị ka inwe &quot;mma 3D.&quot;  Ụfọdụ n'ime ọrụ ndị a nyochara gụnyere ''Ice On Creve'' na ''Rail, Massina 3'', nke ikpeazụ aha ya bụ nke azụmahịa Kinshasa. Onye edemede ahụ kọwara ọrụ Mpane dị ka ihe ndị a: &quot;Ihe oyiyi ihu mmadụ abụghị naanị eserese, kama ọ na-eji agụba na plywood dị ọnụ ala ọ na-arụ ọrụ - n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ nke ukwuu nke na ọ dịghị ihe fọdụrụ ma ọ bụ oghere oghere ebe ihu. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ, ị gaghị ahụ onye dị n'ime ma ọlị, kama mgbidi nke eyịre na foto ahụ.&quot; /&gt;
=== Afọ 2010 ===
Na mmalite-na-etiti 2010s, Mpane nwere ihe ngosi solo na Kinshasa, New York City, Brussels, San Francisco, na Mahadum Wyoming . Ihe ngosi ndị otu ya gụnyere ndị dị na New York City, Paris, Brussels, [[Los Angeles]], Dakar, [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], na San Antonio . &lt;ref name=&quot;duende&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf &quot;Aimé Mpane&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on November 30, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe ngosi Mpane na French Cultural Center dị na Kinshasa mere n'oge na-adịghị anya tupu afọ 50th nke nnwere onwe nke DRC ma tinye ihe osise 60 na ntinye vidiyo.  Na 2012, o meriri The Dorothy na Herbert Vogel Prize si The Phillips Collection, maka ọrụ ya ''Mapasa'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;duende&quot; /&gt;

N'oge ngosi ngosi solo 2013 ya na San Francisco, onye nta akụkọ maka ''San Francisco Chronicle'' gbara Mpane ajụjụ ọnụ. Ọ kọwara ihe osise Mpane dị ka ihe na-echetara Pablo Picasso, bụ onye na-akpalikarị site na nkà Africa . Na eserese ya ''IC.'' ''N'ịga n'ihu #65'', Nike swoosh dị n'egedege ihu nwa nwoke, nke Mpane na-akọwa dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke mmegide nke Mobutu nke mmetụta Western na ụkpụrụ uwe ya. Mpane kwuru na ọrụ ya na-egosipụtakarị ndị Congo dị ka ndị chọrọ nkwanye ùgwù na igosipụta nnwere onwe ha ka ọtụtụ iri afọ nke mmegbu gasịrị. Dị ka ya si kwuo, Mpane &quot;na-agagharị n'etiti omenala abụọ na-adịgide adịgide&quot; na &quot;na-adabere na njirimara na ọnya na ebe nchekwa Congo&quot;, karịsịa echiche ndị Belgium nwere maka Africa na ndị ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;chun&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/art/article/aime-mpane-dual-perspective-from-congo-4733551.php|title=Aimé Mpane: 'Dual Perspective' from Congo, Belgium|work=San Francisco Chronicle|date=August 14, 2013|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Chun, Kimberly}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Afọ 2020 ===
N'afọ 2020, e nyere Mpane na onyinye onyinye nka nke Golden Afro nke Belgium. Ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ngosi solo na Brussels na ihe ngosi otu na New York City, Marseille, na Washington, DC &lt;ref name=&quot;duende&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf|title=Aimé Mpane|publisher=Duende Art Projects|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 30, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf &quot;Aimé Mpane&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. Duende Art Projects. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231130042158/https://www.duendeartprojects.com/usr/library/documents/main/artists/71/dap-artist-aime-mpane-cv.pdf Archived] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; from the original on November 30, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Solo na Brussels, &quot;Ngwọta&quot;, bụ oge mbụ e gosipụtara onye na-ese ihe na Congo na Royal Museums of Fine. Nkà . N'oge ngosi ahụ, ndị ọrụ ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie rịọrọ Mpane ka ọ &quot;gagharịa&quot; ọrụ. Ọ họọrọ Peter Paul Rubens ' ''Nnyocha anọ nke isi nke Moor'', nke akpọrọ ''Negros Head'' na mbụ . N'afọ ndị 1950, e gosipụtara eserese ahụ n'azụ nke 500 Belgian franc na Eze Leopold II n'ihu ego ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;finearts&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane|title=Aimé Mpane: Remedies|publisher=Royal Museums of Fine Arts of Belgium|accessdate=November 28, 2023|archivedate=November 26, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231126064906/https://fine-arts-museum.be/en/exhibitions/aime-mpane}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịkọwa nkwenye ya na nkà ihe ọmụma Ubuntu, Mpane anọwo na-akatọ ndị chọrọ ịmegharị ihe omume gara aga. O meghere ya ịmepụta ọrụ ndị e bu n'obi gosipụta oghere n'etiti ndị Europe na ndị Africa. O kere ihe ọkpụkpụ n'ihu ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya Belgium na Kinshasa nke na-egosi onye isi ojii na-anabata onye ọcha. Mpane akatọọla ngagharị nke Black Lives Matter, na-ekwu na ya ekwetaghị na atụmatụ ya. N'ịchịkọta echiche ya banyere otu esi aga n'ihu gwọọ nkewa agbụrụ, Mpane kwuru na ya &quot;maka Martin Luther King na [[Malcolm X]].&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;peeters&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14|title=Aimé Mpane: 'I prefer Martin Luther King to Malcolm X'|work=BRUZZ|date=October 14, 2021|accessdate=November 28, 2023|author=Peeters, Tom}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFPeeters,_Tom2021&quot;&gt;Peeters, Tom (October 14, 2021). [https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14 &quot;Aimé Mpane: 'I prefer Martin Luther King to Malcolm X'&quot;]. ''BRUZZ''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20231126225016/https://www.bruzz.be/en/culture/art-books/aime-mpane-i-prefer-martin-luther-king-malcolm-x-2021-10-14 Archived] from the original on November 26, 2023&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;November 28,&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* [[Ihe osise Africa na nchịkọta ọdịda anyanwụ|Nkà Africa na mkpokọta Western]]
* Nkà Afrika nke oge a
* Ndepụta ndị omenkà Democratic Republic of Congo

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Nadia El Fani</title>
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      <text bytes="12861" sha1="hzdbyysx3buaam91uso1wplcyoog3j6" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}{{Infobox person|name=Nadia El Fani|image=Roma - Nadia El Fani.jpg|alt=|caption=Fani in 2015 in Rome.|birth_date=1960|birth_place=[[Paris]], [[France]]|death_date=|death_place=|nationality={{hlist | Tunisian | French}}|alma_mater=|occupation={{hlist | Film director | screenwriter | speaker | political activist}}|years_active=1982–present|known_for=|movement=[[Secular movement]]}}

'''Nadia El Fani''' ({{lang-ar|نادية الفاني}}; born 1960 in Paris), is a French-Tunisian film director, screenwriter and producer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nadia El Fani|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0252634/|accessdate=2020-10-09|work=IMDb}}&lt;/ref&gt; She has primarily directed documentary films about human rights, women's rights, secularism, and criticism of religion.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=Nadia El Fani est l'invitée du Forum des cultures {{!}} DW {{!}} 18.10.2011|url=https://www.dw.com/fr/nadia-el-fani-est-linvit%C3%A9e-du-forum-des-cultures/a-15467041|accessdate=2020-10-09|work=DW.COM|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Ọrụ ya ruo n'afọ 2011 ===
A mụrụ Nadia El Fani n'aka nne French na nna Tunisian. Nna ya Béchir El Fani bụ otu n'ime ndị isi nke Tunisian Communist Party mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nadia El Fani|url=https://www.franceinter.fr/personne-nadia-el-fani|work=[[France Inter|franceinter.fr]]|language=fr|accessdate=14 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri ya bụ ''Ouled Lenin'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Entre manipulation télévisuelle et justesse cinématographique|url=http://attariq.org/spip.php?article162|work=Attariq Al Jadid|language=fr|date=4 November 2008|accessdate=30 September 2017|archivedate=30 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930132647/http://attariq.org/spip.php?article162}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne nwanyị nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri Sofian El Fani.

Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na sinima dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ na 1982 na ihe nkiri Misunderstood nke Jerry Schatzberg, &lt;ref name=&quot;allo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nadia El-Fani|url=http://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=91638.html|work=[[Allociné|allocine.fr]]|accessdate=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke a gbara na Tunisia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Schatzberg&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Misunderstood (1984) - Filming Locations|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0087730/locations|work=[[Internet Movie Database|imdb.com]]|language=en|accessdate=25 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ osote onye nduzi ma soro, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, Roman Polanski, [[Nouri Bouzid]], Romain Goupil na Franco Zeffirelli rụọ ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1990, o duziri ihe nkiri mkpirikpi mbụ ya ma mepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta vidiyo mbụ ya na Tunisia, Z&quot;Yeux Noirs Movies, iji mepụta ma duzie ihe nkiri ya na mba a.[3] N'ịbụ onye dị nso n'òtù ndị agha ụmụ nwanyị nke Tunisia, ọ malitere ime ihe ngosi na 1993 na Femmes Leader du Maghreb na Tanitez-moi . [3]&lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot; /&gt;

El Fani kwagara Paris n'afọ 2002, n'oge mmepụta nke ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo mbụ ya, ''Bedwin Hacker'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;inter&quot;/&gt; Ọ chọrọ ịgbanahụ ọchịchị Ben Ali,  ndị Tunisia nke o chere na ọ na-aghọwanye ndị na-agbaso omenala n'ihi nrụgide nke Ndị Alakụba, na egwu ọ natara maka ihe nkiri abụọ na-ese okwu na ''Bedwin Hacker''. &lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nouvelobs.com/rue89/rue89-monde/20110509.RUE2231/tunisie-nadia-el-fani-cineaste-menacee-de-mort-parce-qu-athee.html|title=Tunisie : Nadia El Fani, cinéaste menacée de mort parce qu'athée|author=Sophie Caillat|work=[[L'Obs]]|date=9 May 2011|accessdate=13 March 2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sanogo|first=Aboubakar|title=IN FOCUS: Studying African Cinema and Media Today|url=https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cmstudies.org/resource/resmgr/In_Focus_Archive/InFocus_54-2.pdf|work=Cinema Journal|accessdate=2024-05-27|archivedate=2023-01-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230108161105/https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.cmstudies.org/resource/resmgr/In_Focus_Archive/InFocus_54-2.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;: 26:10 Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o duziri ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, gụnyere ''Ouled Lenin'' na 2008. N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2009, a chọpụtara na El Fani nwere Ọrịa kansa ara, wee malite [[Ọgwụ Ọgwụ|ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ]], na-akpata ntutu isi.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Rolin&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/societe/nadia-el-fani-liberte-egalite-laicite-231011-184292|title=Nadia El Fani, Liberté, égalité, laïcité|author=Gaëlle Rolin|work=[[Madame Figaro]]|date=23 October 2011|accessdate=14 March 2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chennaoui&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://nawaat.org/portail/2015/12/01/nadia-el-fani-fait-son-cinema/|title=Nadia El Fani fait son Cinéma ?|author=Henda Chennaoui|work=[[Nawaat]]|date=1 December 2015|accessdate=14 March 2018|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọ bụghị Allah ma ọ bụ Master arụmụka ===
[[Usòrò:Tunisian_Filmmaker_Nadia_El_Fani_on_“Neither_Allah_nor_Master”.webm|thumb|El Fani na-atụle esemokwu nke Allah ma ọ bụ Master na Secular Conference 2014 na London.]]
Ihe omuma 2011 Neither Allah ni Master (Ni Allah ni Maître, a play on the Ni Dieu ni maître slogan chepụtara site French socialist Louis Auguste Blanqui na 1880), weputara na France n'okpuru aha Laïcité, Inch'Allah !  (&quot;Secularism, God willing!&quot;), na-akọwa ihe omume ndị dugara na Mgbanwe Tunisian na ndị na-eso ya ozugbo, na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ Islam na ọha na eze. N'ime ihe nkiri ahụ, El Fani kwuru na ọdịda Ben Ali ekwesịghị naanị iweta nnwere onwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, kamakwa nnwere onwe okpukpe. Ọ na-agbachitere laïcité (secularism) ma na-adọ aka ná ntị megide egwu nke Islamism.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/tunisian-filmmaker-i-used-to-believe-in-boycotts-but-no-longer-do/|title=Exiled Tunisian filmmaker comes to Tel Aviv to explain the revolution she documented|author=Elhanan Miller|work=The Times of Israel|date=8 June 2012|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na ngwụcha Eprel 2011, Hannibal TV kpọrọ El Fani ka ọ kwurịta ihe nkiri ọhụrụ ya na telivishọn n'ụlọ ihe nkiri ya na mmadụ 500. Ọ kọrọ na a ghọtara ozi nke ihe nkiri ya nke ọma, ọ nweghịkwa mmegide sitere n'aka ndị na-ege ntị n'ime ụlọ ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na o kwenyesiri ike na ọ bụ Onye na-ekweghị na Chineke n'onwe ya, o kwuru na ''Ma Allah ma Nna Ukwu'' &quot;abụghị ndị na-emegide okpukpe&quot;, kama ọ bụ nkwado nkewa nke okpukpe na steeti. N'oge ajụjụ ọnụ ahụ, o nwere isi nkwọcha n'ihi na ọ ka na-agwọ ọrịa ọgwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot;/&gt;

An edited shorter version of the interview went viral online shortly after, causing an Islamist{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}} backlash.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot;/&gt; During the film's premiere in April 2011 in Tunis, dozens of Islamists {{citation needed|date=May 2022}} attacked the cinema, breaking down the door shouting ''Allahu akbar!'' with black flags and effectively preventing the screening. Islamist lawyers filed complaints against her film.&lt;ref name=&quot;Miller&quot;/&gt; El Fani received numerous death threats for being an atheist and bald and was the target of massive defamation on social media.&lt;ref name=&quot;Caillat&quot; /&gt; One person on social media promised 200 million dinars to whoever would kill her.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ditmars&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.mei.edu/content/article/tunisian-filmmaker-comes-home|title=Nadia el-Fani: a soldier of secularism fights on|author=Hadani Ditmars|work=Middle East Institute|date=15 February 2018|accessdate=14 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; She decided to flee Tunisia and once again return to France to escape persecution and imprisonment.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/daniel-silas-adamson/my-enemy%E2%80%99s-enemy-battle-for-secularism|title=My enemy's enemy - the battle for secularism|author=Daniel Silas Adamson|work=OpenDemocracy|date=22 October 2014|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe nkiri ya gosipụtara na France na 21 Septemba 2011 n'aha Laïcité, Inch'Allah !''Laïcité, Inch'Allah! '', ọ natakwara Prix Internationale de la laïcité maka ya. Ọ nọkwa na-agbake site na ọrịa kansa ya, na-eme ihe ọchị na &quot;The Revolution bụ ọgwụ kachasị mma&quot;. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ tụrụ anya ịlaghachi Tunisia &quot;ịdị n'ebe ahụ ma mechaa nweere onwe ya&quot;, ọ tụrụ egwu ịga na na a ga-anapụ ya paspọtụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rolin&quot;/&gt;

=== Ọrụ ya mgbe afọ 2011 gasịrị ===
El Fani duziri Even not bad in 2012. N'ime ya, ọ na-eji ọgụ ya na ọrịa kansa ara tụnyere ọgụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị megide Islam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chennaoui&quot;/&gt;

Mgbe e jidere onye Tunisian FEMEN na-eme ngagharị iwe Amina Tyler maka itinye foto ya gba ọtọ n'ịntanetị na 2013, El Fani bụ otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị kwadoro ya. O kesara onyinyo nke onwe ya na Facebook na nkwupụta dị n'obi ya: &quot;Ezu m bụ nke m ma ọ bụghị isi iyi nke nsọpụrụ onye ọ bụla. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nadine-faraj-feminist-watercolors_us_57fff4f2e4b0162c043afff2|title=Paintings Of Feminist Protestors Celebrate The Women Who Bare It All To Fight Back|author=Priscilla Frank|work=HuffPost|date=17 November 2016|accessdate=13 March 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2013, ọ so duzie Nos seins, nos armes !''Obi anyị, ngwá agha anyị! '', ihe ngosi banyere òtù FEMEN maka France 2.

N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2017, a chụpụrụ mkpesa isii e tinyere megide ya n'afọ 2011 mgbe a gbasịrị ihe nkiri ya bụ Neither Allah nor Master.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cinéma : les plaintes contre Nadia El Fani classées sans suite|url=http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2017/06/02/cinema-les-plaintes-contre-nadia-el-fani-classees-sans-suite/|work=kapitalis.com|language=fr|date=2 June 2017|accessdate=26 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, ọ laghachiri Tunisia iji gosipụta ihe nkiri ya bụ Même pas mal . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=''Même pas mal'' de Nadia El Fani aux JCC 2017|url=http://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2017/10/24/meme-pas-mal-de-nadia-el-fani-aux-jcc-2017/|work=kapitalis.com|language=fr|date=24 October 2017|accessdate=18 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ oge mbụ n'ime afọ isii ọ gara Tunisia wee hụ nna ya, n'oge ahụ steeti machibidoro ihe nkiri ya niile.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ditmars&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
[[Usòrò:Nadia_El_Fani.webm|thumb|Nadia El Fani na-ekwu maka ọrụ ya na mmeghachi omume ndị na-ege ntị na Secular Conference 2017.]]

* 1990: Pour le plaisir (&quot;For the Pleasure&quot;, obere akụkọ ifo) - onye nduzi
* 1992: Fifty-fifty mon amour (&quot;Fifty-fities My Love&quot;, obere akụkọ ifo) - onye nduzi
* 1993: Femmes Leader du Maghreb (&quot;Women Leader of the Maghreb&quot;, ogologo ihe nkiri) - onye nduzi
* 1993: Tanitez-moi (ihe nkiri ogologo) - onye nduzi
* 1995: Mon cœur est témoin (&quot;''Obi m bụ onye akaebe'' m&quot;, Quebec-Tunisian long documentary film nke Louise Carré) - onye na-emepụta
* 1998: Tant qu'il y aura de la pelloche (&quot;As Long As There Is Film&quot;, obere Ihe nkiri) - onye nduzi
* 2003: ''Bedwin Hacker'' (&quot;Bedouin Hacker&quot;, ihe nkiri akụkọ ifo ogologo) - onye nduzi, onye edemede na onye na-emepụta
* 2005: Jikọọ ọnụ, oge agafeela!  (&quot;Unite, It's Never Too Late!&quot;, maka usoro ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi Paris la métisse (&quot;The Mixed Paris&quot;)) - onye nduzi
* 2007: ''Ouled Lenin'' (&quot;Lenin's Children&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo) - onye nduzi
* 2011: Ni Allah ni Maître (&quot;Ọ bụghị Allah ma ọ bụ Nna&quot;), wepụtara na France n'okpuru aha Laïcité, Inch'Allah !  (&quot;Laïcité, ''Inshallah!''&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo) - onye nduzi, onye na-emepụta
* 2012: Même pas mal (&quot;Ọ bụghịdị ihe na-emerụ ahụ&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo oge) - onye nduzi (ya na Alina Isabel Pérez) na onye edemede
* 2013: ''Obi anyị, ngwá agha anyị! ''  (&quot;Our Breasts, Our Weapons!&quot;, ihe nkiri ogologo maka France 2 banyere òtù FEMEN) - onye nduzi (ya na Caroline Fourest) 

== Nkwado ==
N'afọ 2011, El Fani natara Prix de la laïcité (&quot;Secularism Award&quot;) site na Comité Laïcité République na France. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Les lauréats du Prix de la Laïcité et les présidents du jury depuis 2003|url=http://www.laicite-republique.org/les-laureats-du-prix-de-la-laicite-et-les-presidents-du-jury-depuis-2003.html|work=laicite-republique.org|language=fr|date=7 September 2017|accessdate=10 October 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2013, ọ meriri ihe nrite [[Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou|FESPACO]] maka Best Feature Documentary maka Même Pas Mal .

== Edensibia ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:1960 births]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo</title>
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      <text bytes="7063" sha1="pl3u8tsjbcsv7l35vw32th98e6kke9l" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}}'''Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo''' bụ onye America na-emepụta ihe nketa Naijiria . Ọ bụ onye nchoputa akara ngosi ụmụ nwanyị dị njikere iyi na ngwa. Ụlọ ọrụ Adeigbo ghọrọ akara mbụ nke nwanyị na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe na-emepụta ihe karịrị $1&amp;nbsp;nde ego n'ime ego achụmnta ego.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo mụrụ na Poughkeepsie, New York nye nne na nna Naijiria. Nne ya si n'ebo Ibo, nna ya sikwa na ebo [[Ndi Yoruba|Yoruba]] .  Adeigbo tolitere na Illinois na Indiana, ebe nne ya kwagara ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Designer Spotlight: Autumn Adeigbo {{!}} Moda Operandi|url=https://www.modaoperandi.com/editorial/designer-spotlight-autumn-adeigbo|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=Moda Operandi|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna Adeigbo bụ omenkà na odee. Dị ka Adeigbo si kwuo, ọ nwetara mmasị ya na ejiji site n'aka nne ya bụ onye na-akwa akwa ya mgbe Adeigbo bụ nwata nwanyị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=4 Ways The Luxury Market Is Becoming More Sustainable|url=https://www.thezoereport.com/fashion/luxury-sustainability-changes|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=The Zoe Report|date=April 30, 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo gụchara akwụkwọ na Spelman College wee nweta akara ugo mmụta na Economics, nakwa na Parsons School of Design nwere akara ugo mmụta na Ejiji Ejiji na 2005. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ya na Betsy Johnson na-arụ ọrụ, na-arụ ọrụ na-ere ahịa na [[Anna Sui]] na Paul Smith, ma nyere ndị na-emepụta ejiji na-ewu ewu Andrea Lieberman, Leslie Fremar, na Rebecca Weinberg aka. &lt;ref name=&quot;Johns&quot; /&gt;
Adeigbo malitere imepụta mkpokọta nke ya n'afọ 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;bustle.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Sustainable Fashion Is Finally Becoming Less Elitist|url=https://www.bustle.com/style/sustainable-fashion-diversity-plus-size-affordable|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=Bustle|date=May 13, 2021|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.bustle.com/style/sustainable-fashion-diversity-plus-size-affordable &quot;How Sustainable Fashion Is Finally Becoming Less Elitist&quot;]. ''Bustle''. May 13, 2021&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Nchịkọta mbụ nke onye nrụpụta nwere uwe asaa sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ Africa. N'oge ahụ, ọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye inyeaka ejiji na magazin W na nnabata na New York City hotspots The Lion na STK ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Scharf|first=Lindzi|date=March 17, 2021|title=She dresses Amanda Gorman and Kerry Washington. Here's how Autumn Adeigbo styles herself|url=https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/image/story/2021-03-17/she-dresses-amanda-gorman-her-take-la-fashion|accessdate=August 25, 2022|work=Los Angeles Times}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFScharf2021&quot;&gt;Scharf, Lindzi (March 17, 2021). [https://www.latimes.com/lifestyle/image/story/2021-03-17/she-dresses-amanda-gorman-her-take-la-fashion &quot;She dresses Amanda Gorman and Kerry Washington. Here's how Autumn Adeigbo styles herself&quot;]. ''Los Angeles Times''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;August 25,&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị ==
Emebere ika a site na ihe nketa Naijiria nke onye nrụpụta. Oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ Adeigbo na-eji ụdị uwe ọgbara ọhụrụ, nke dara oké ọnụ na nke vintage na mkpokọta ya. Ọ na-achọ itinye ego na ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ mmepụta mmepụta na nkesa nkesa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=December 20, 2021|title=Inside Autumn Adeigbo's Inspired and Joyful &quot;Everyday&quot; Style|url=https://coveteur.com/autumn-adeigbo-style-diaries|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=Coveteur: Inside Closets, Fashion, Beauty, Health, and Travel|language=en|archivedate=2022-01-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128045804/https://coveteur.com/autumn-adeigbo-style-diaries}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;bustle.com&quot; /&gt;Onye mmebe na-arụkọ ọrụ na ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;Johns&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Johns|first=Nikara|date=December 21, 2021|title=Designer Autumn Adeigbo's Colorful Dresses Are Taking Over Fashion — Now She's Tackling Shoes|url=https://footwearnews.com/2021/fashion/designers/autumn-adeigbo-interview-shoes-1203222756/|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=Footwear News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Adeigbo na-emepụta uwe na-egbuke egbuke nwere mbipụta na ụkpụrụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Sessoms|first=Janelle|date=August 29, 2021|title=7 Black-Owned Sustainable Brands You Need On Your Fashion Radar|url=https://stylecaster.com/black-owned-sustainable-clothing-brands/|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=StyleCaster|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ahịa nke ika ahụ gụnyere Mila Kunis, Gabrielle Union, Kerry Washington, Charli D'Amelio, Mindy Kaling, Busy Philipps, Zooey Deschanel, Emily Blunt, Amanda Gorman, Kelly Clarkson, Florence Pugh, [[Jessica Alba]], Ezi Jules aka Julia Sarinana, Gwyneth Paltrow, Lizzo, Selma Blair, Zooey Deschanel, Kerry Washington, Katherine Schwarzenegger, Kristen Bell, Gabrielle Union, Blair Eadie . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Moon|first=Jacorey|date=December 23, 2021|title=Mindy Kaling Stuns in a 'Joyously Indian' Bejeweled Outfit With Highlighter Pink Pumps|url=https://footwearnews.com/2021/fashion/celebrity-style/mindy-kaling-indian-outfit-pink-pumps-1203224064/|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=Footwear News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Johns|first=Nikara|date=January 21, 2021|title=Kerry Washington's Plaid Power Suit Gives a Nod to Black Female Designers at the 2021 Inauguration|url=https://footwearnews.com/2021/fashion/celebrity-style/kerry-washington-plaid-suit-autumn-adeigbo-inauguration-2021-1203096750/|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=Footwear News|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Busy Philipps Is Really Mad at Carrie Bradshaw|url=https://www.instyle.com/celebrity/busy-philipps/busy-philipps-fashion-interview-credit-karma|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=InStyle|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=August 19, 2021|title=Zooey Deschanel is a vision in the stunning figure-flattering dress of our dreams|url=https://www.hellomagazine.com/fashion/celebrity-style/20210820120002/zooey-deschanel-figure-flattering-dress/|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=HELLO!|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adeigbo nwetara ihe nrite Ejiji Designer on the Rise award na Neiman Marcus -sponsored National Black Arts Fine Art + Ejiji Awards na Eprel 7, 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=June 23, 2022|title=Designer Autumn Adeigbo Has an A-list Line-Up of Celebrities Investing in Her Brand|url=https://graziamagazine.com/us/articles/autumn-adeigbo-new-investors/|accessdate=2022-08-25|work=Grazia USA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==
ọhụrụ, nke dara oké ọnụ na nke vintage na mkpokọta ya. Ọ na-achọ itinye ego na ụmụ nwanyị n'akụkụ mmepụta mmepụta na nkesa

* Autumn Adeigbo on Instagram

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
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  <page>
    <title>Rodney Ewing</title>
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{{Databox}}'''Rodney Ewing''' (amuru 1964) &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ewing, Rodney, 1964-|url=https://viaf.org/viaf/3882160122845540630001/|work=VIAF}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=My Country Needs Me|url=https://philamuseum.org/collection/object/307024|accessdate=2022-12-29|work=Philadelphia Museum of Art|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; bu onye omenkà nlere anya [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|nke ndi America-Amerika]] . Ọ bi na New York City dị ka nke 2022, na mbụ biri na San Francisco, California . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wilson|first=Emily|date=2022-09-19|title=Rumors About Death of the Bay Area Art Scene Are Greatly Exaggerated|url=http://hyperallergic.com/762086/death-of-the-bay-area-art-scene-rumors/|accessdate=2022-12-29|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Rodney Ewing na 1964 na Baton Rouge, [[Luwisiánà|Louisiana]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Nna ya bụ onye agha Vietnam, onye jere ozi afọ 20 na United States Air Force . Rodney Ewing rụkwara ọrụ na ndị agha na ọ bụ onye agha Ọzara Storm . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=San Francisco Art Show Highlights Veterans|url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/san-francisco-art-show-highlights-veterans/2011295/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=NBC Bay Area|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nna Ewing ji akwụkwọ ndị na-akpa ọchị gosi ya nka. Ewing kwukwara na ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị nwere mmemme nka siri ike. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Beyond the Page: Rodney Ewing|url=https://brooklynartlibrary.org/newsletter/2020/6/16/beyond-the-page-rodney-ewing|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Brooklyn Art Library / The Sketchbook Project|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ewing nwetara Bachelor of Fine Art : Printmaking, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana na 1989; na Nna-ukwu nke Fine Arts : Printmaking, Mahadum West Virginia, Morgantown, West Virginia na 1992.

== Ọrụ ==
Ọrụ Ewing na-enyocha njirimara, akụkọ, akụkọ ihe mere eme, oghere, nchụpụ, adịghị ike anụ ahụ na ime ihe ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Berkeley Art Center's Agility Projects Support Daring Reflections on Identity|url=https://www.kqed.org/arts/11467937/berkeley-art-centers-agility-projects-allow-for-daring-reflections-on-cultural-identity|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=KQED|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pleasant|first=Amy|date=2016-10-13|title=Expanding a Difficult Dialogue: San Francisco Artist Focuses on Issues Affecting the African American Community|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/expanding-a-difficult-dialogue-san-francisco-artist_b_57fd43c5e4b0e3ea50e44f7c|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=HuffPost|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Ewing gụnyere ọtụtụ nyocha isiokwu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọtụtụ mgbe Ewing na-eji otu oge eme ihe, mana ugbu a, ihe akụkọ ihe mere eme amachaghị ama. Ọ na-ejikwa akụkọ onye mbụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-27|title=Museum of African Diaspora hosts artists in studios|url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/entertainment/museum-of-african-diaspora-hosts-artists-in-studios/|accessdate=2020-09-24|work=The San Francisco Examiner|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nkà Ewing na-enyocha ma tụgharịa akụkụ nkịtị na mmetụta mmetụta nke isiokwu ndị a. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Tinyere onyonyo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe arịa na ndị ihe ike metụtara, Ewing na-edobekarị n'okwu ndị odee dị iche iche kwuru. Ịgụ ngụ ndị a, mgbe ụfọdụ ihe a na-ahụ anya nke ibe ahụ na-ekpuchi ya, na-emepụta ahụmahụ ọzọ pụrụ iche na nke dị iche iche n'ime ọnọdụ nke mbipụta, ọkpụkpụ ma ọ bụ ntinye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-21|title=RODNEY EWING EXHIBITS AT THE MoAD|url=https://artiholics.com/2019/06/20/rodney-ewing-exhibits-at-the-moad/|accessdate=2020-09-23|work=Artiholics|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815095556/https://artiholics.com/2019/06/20/rodney-ewing-exhibits-at-the-moad/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-eji ụzọ dị iche iche na-adọta onye na-ekiri ya, n'ụzọ nkịtị na n'ụzọ ihe atụ, n'ebe akụkụ ahụ dị ma na-emikpu onye na-ekiri ya na ahụmahụ na-emegharị ihe oyiyi, okwu na echiche.

Ọrụ Ewing atụwo aka James Baldwin, Henry Box Brown, Colson Whitehead, George Stinney, Charles Moore, San Francisco Redevelopment after Japanese Internment, Ralph Ellison, Petrus Camper, na Saul Williams . Ihe osise ya dị na mkpokọta ihe ngosi nka ọha, gụnyere na Harvard Art Museums, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Rodney Ewing|url=https://harvardartmuseums.org/collections/person/65356|accessdate=2022-12-29|work=Harvard Art Museums|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Fairfield University Art Museum, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hall|first=Phil|date=2022-07-12|title=Fairfield University Art Museum acquires 40 works from Brandywine Workshop and Archives|url=https://westfaironline.com/premium-content/fairfield-university-art-museum-acquires-40-works-from-brandywine-workshop-and-archives/|accessdate=2022-12-29|work=Westfair Communications|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221229101459/https://westfaironline.com/premium-content/fairfield-university-art-museum-acquires-40-works-from-brandywine-workshop-and-archives/}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Philadelphia Museum of Art . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;

== Nyocha ==
&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;Ihe osise, nrụnye, na mgbasa ozi agwakọta nke Rodney Ewing na-elekwasị anya na mkpa ọ dị ịgbanye ahụ na ebe, ebe nchekwa na eziokwu iji nyochaa akụkọ ihe mere eme mmadụ, ọnọdụ omenala, na ihe omume. Site n'ọrụ ya ọ na-agbaso akụkọ nke chọrọ ka anyị nọrọ na nso nso. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=In The Artist's Studio {{!}} Rodney Ewing – MoAD Museum of African Diaspora|url=https://www.moadsf.org/event/in-the-artists-studio-rodney-ewing/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=www.moadsf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;... Ọtụtụ ọrụ [Ewing] bụ maka inye ndị na-ege ntị ike na inye ha ohere ịmata ụlọ ọrụ nke ha &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-05-22|title=Exposing and Empowering Personal Agency|url=https://ybca.org/rodney-ewing-exposing-and-empowering-personal-agency/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=YBCA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;

== Ebe obibi wee họrọ ihe ngosi ==

* 2020, ''N'ebe obibi dị nso, imepụta ihe na nsogbu'', San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco, California &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Close to Home|url=https://www.sfmoma.org/exhibition/close-to-home/|accessdate=2021-03-10|work=SFMOMA|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-09-26|title=SFMOMA Set To Reopen Next Week With New Large-Scale Wall Projects, Pandemic-Inspired Artwork|url=https://sfist.com/2020/09/26/sfmoma-set-to-reopen-next-week-with-new-large-scale-wall-projects-pandemic-inspired-artwork/|accessdate=2020-10-02|work=SFist - San Francisco News, Restaurants, Events, &amp; Sports|language=en|archivedate=2020-10-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001044916/https://sfist.com/2020/09/26/sfmoma-set-to-reopen-next-week-with-new-large-scale-wall-projects-pandemic-inspired-artwork/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2020, ''Mmemme Oghere'', San Francisco, California
* 2019, ''Oghere Ọrụ: Headlands Center for Arts'', Marin County, California &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rodney Ewing|url=http://www.headlands.org/artist/rodney-ewing/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Headlands Center for the Arts|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019, ''Museum of the African Diaspora ,'' Smithsonian Museum Mgbakwunye, San Francisco, California &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-21|title=RODNEY EWING EXHIBITS AT THE MoAD|url=https://artiholics.com/2019/06/20/rodney-ewing-exhibits-at-the-moad/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Artiholics|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-08-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200815095556/https://artiholics.com/2019/06/20/rodney-ewing-exhibits-at-the-moad/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=MacFayden|first=Rhiannon Evans|title=Episode 7.5: Rodney Ewing and Indira Allegra with Rhiannon Evans MacFadyen|url=https://www.artpractical.com/column/notes-from-moad-episode-7.5-rodney-ewing-and-indira-allegra/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Art Practical|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-27|title=Museum of African Diaspora hosts artists in studios|url=https://www.sfexaminer.com/entertainment/museum-of-african-diaspora-hosts-artists-in-studios/|accessdate=2020-09-23|work=The San Francisco Examiner|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2019, onye na-ese ihe na Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts, [[Omaha, Nebraska]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bemis Center for Contemporary Arts : Residency : By Year : 2019 : Rodney Ewing|url=https://www.bemiscenter.org/residency/by_year/2019/rodney-ewing.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=www.bemiscenter.org|language=en|archivedate=2020-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928225824/https://www.bemiscenter.org/residency/by_year/2019/rodney-ewing.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2018, Artifacts: Na Agha &amp; Ịlanahụ na National Veterans Art Museum, Chicago, Illinois
* 2018, ''Djerassi Artists Residency'', Woodside, California
* 2018, ''Obodo Nsọ: Maka nnwere onwe na ikpe ziri ezi maka ụfọdụ?'' San Francisco Arts Commission Gallery, San Francisco, California &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=San Francisco Arts Commission|url=https://www.sfartscommission.org/our-role-impact/press-room/press-release/debate-about-sanctuary-cities-artist-rodney-ewing-brings|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=www.sfartscommission.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kost|first=Ryan|date=2018-03-21|title=Artists examine sanctuary cities in new SF Arts Commission series|url=https://www.sfgate.com/art/article/Artists-examine-sanctuary-cities-in-new-SF-Arts-12768964.php|accessdate=2020-10-02|work=SFGate|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017–2018, ebe obibi ndị nka, ''Recology ,'' San Francisco, California &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Recology|title=Rodney Ewing|url=https://www.recology.com/recology_artist/rodney-ewing/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Recology|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2017, ''Hangar'' Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
* 2015, onye na-ese ihe na-ebi na ''de Young Museum ,'' San Francisco, California &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-12-30|title=&quot;Days and Occasions&quot;, by March Artist-in-Residence Rodney Ewing|url=https://deyoung.famsf.org/calendar/days-and-occasions-march-artist-residence-rodney-ewing|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=de Young|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wenus|first=Laura|date=2016-04-19|title=Amid Ailing Arts Scene, Pacific Felt Factory Blooms|url=http://missionlocal.org/2016/04/pacific-felt-factory-one-year/|accessdate=2022-12-29|work=Mission Local|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2015–2016, San Francisco Arts Commission onye nnata ihe nrite
* ''Otu dị obere karịa,'' PASS7, Lisbon, Portugal
* ''Reconstruct'', Long Island University, Brooklyn, Brooklyn, NY
* ''Na-abụghị Mbipụta 5'', [[Texas]] Tech University, Lubbock, TX
* ''Ọbụla naanị: Inyocha njikọ dị n'etiti yana ndị otu ndị agha,'' San Francisco Arts Commission Gallery, San Francisco, California

== Họrọ ọrụ ==

* ''Nchikota nke Nna M'' (2018), ihe akpụrụ akpụ nke ejiri akwa mkpuchi ndị agha ajị mee, enyo silk, na epekele aha a kanyere &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rodney Ewing|url=https://www.seedartistseries.com/rodney-ewing|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=SEE(D) Artist Series|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''N'etiti ụwa: Portals'' (2016), echichi na-enyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nchụpụ na nkwụghachi nke ndị America America nwere ọnụ ụzọ, windo na okwu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=BETWEEN WORLDS|url=https://www.arc-sf.com/between-worlds.html|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=arc gallery &amp; studios|language=en|archivedate=2020-08-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811031731/https://www.arc-sf.com/between-worlds.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Longitude na Latitude'' (2019), na-enyocha mbara ala na mnemonic nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmemme ọha &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Emerging Artist Reception: Longitude + Latitude by Rodney Ewing - MoAD Museum of African Diaspora|url=https://www.moadsf.org/event/emerging-artist-reception-longitude-latitude-by-rodney-ewing/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=www.moadsf.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rodney Ewing: Artist You Should Know|url=https://brokeassstuart.com/2019/06/10/rodney-ewing-artist-you-should-know/|accessdate=2020-08-28|work=Broke-Ass Stuart's Website|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
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  <page>
    <title>Ndepụta osimiri Nigeria</title>
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      <text bytes="3204" sha1="92bge4s9p6r5xdabrnmegj2ysij8c0e" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Nigeriamap.png|thumb|Nigeria map]]
.Nke a bụ ndepụta osimiri Nigeria .  [1] A na-hazi ndepụta a site na mmiri mmiri na-apọpụta site na mmalite nke ruo n'ọwụwa ọmụmụ, yana mpaghara ọ ala ala n'okpuru aha iyi ọ gbala ibu buru ibu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Major Rivers in Nigeria: The Top 20|url=https://nigerianfinder.com/major-rivers-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2023-07-09|work=nigerianfinder.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== [[Òrìmìlì Atlantic|Atlantic Ocean]] ==

* Ouémé River
** [[Okpara River]]
* Ogun River
** [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2487010/ Oyan River]
*** [[Ofiki River]]
* [[Ona River (Nigeria)|Ona River]] (Awna River)
** Ogunpa River
* [[Osimiri Osun|Osun River]]
** Erinle River
*** [[Osimiri Otin|Otin River]]
** [[Osimiri Oba|Oba River]]
** Omi Osun
* [[Osimiri Benin|Benin River]]
* Osse River
* [[Oshimiri Orimiri|Niger River]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=John|date=2022-11-04|title=7 of the Common Rivers In Nigeria and Their Location|url=https://travuline.com/rivers-in-nigeria-and-their-location/|accessdate=2023-07-09|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709215736/https://travuline.com/rivers-in-nigeria-and-their-location/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** [[Escravos River]] (distributary)
** Forcados River (distributary)
** Chanomi Creek (distributary)
** [[Osimiri Nun|Nun River]] (distributary)
** [[Osimiri Calabar ọhụrụ|New Calabar River]] (distributary)
** [[Anambra River]]
** [[Osimiri Benue|Benue River]]
*** [[Okwa River]]
*** [[Mada River]]
*** Katsina Ala River
**** Menchum River
*** [[Ankwe River]]
*** Donga River
**** [[Bantaji River]] (Suntai River)
*** Wase River
*** [[Osimiri Taraba|Taraba River]]
**** [[Kam River (Nigeria)|Kam River]]
*** [[Pai River (Nigeria)|Pai River]]
*** Gongola River
**** [[Hawal River]]
*** [[Osimiri Faro|Faro River]]
** [[Gurara River]]
** [[Osimiri Kaduna|Kaduna River]]
*** [[Mariga River]]
*** [[Tubo River]]
*** [[Galma River (Nigeria)]]
** [[Moshi River]]
*** [[Teshi River]]
** [[Oil River|Oli River]]
** [[Malendo River]]
** Sokoto River
*** Ka River
*** Zamfara River
*** [[Gaminda River]]
*** Rima River
**** Goulbi de Maradi River
**** [[Gagere River]]
**** [[Bunsuru River]]
* [[Osimiri Bonny|Bonny River]]
* [[Imo River]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=John|date=2022-11-04|title=7 of the Common Rivers In Nigeria and Their Location|url=https://travuline.com/rivers-in-nigeria-and-their-location/|accessdate=2023-07-09|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230709215736/https://travuline.com/rivers-in-nigeria-and-their-location/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
** Aba River
** Otamiri River
* Kwa Ibo River
* Cross River
** [[Osimiri Akwayafe|Akwayafe River]]
** Great Kwa River
** Calabar River
** [[Asu River]]
*** [[Aboine River]]
**** Ekulu River
** [[Anyim River]]
** Oji River

== Ọdọ Mmiri Chad ==

* Osimiri Yobe
** [[Komadugu Gana River]]
** [[Osimiri Jama'are]] (Osimiri Bunga)
*** [[Katagum River|Osimiri Katagum]]
** Osimiri Hadejia
*** [[Chalawa River|Osimiri Chalawa]]
**** [[Kano River (Nigeria)|Osimiri Kano]]
**** [[Watari River|Osimiri Watari]]
* Osimiri Ngadda
* [[Yedseram River|Osimiri Yedseram]]

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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    <title>Omi osun</title>
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      <text bytes="3738" sha1="5cme7psd4frcg14v3f2j3fbateh9aiv" xml:space="preserve">[[Usòrò:Osun_Oshogbo_Sacred_groove_river.jpg|thumb|Omi Osun]]
[[Usòrò:OSUN_GODDESS.jpg|alt=A pictorial representation of Osun Goddess|thumb|Eze nwanyị  Osun ]]
'''Na nghọta zuru okè,  mmiri Omi-Ọsun bụ isi iyi nke ugwu osimiri Osun na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ [[Naijiria]] . &lt;ref&gt;https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/Omi-Osun-Joni-L-Jones-2050144370&lt;/ref&gt; Omi-Ọsun &amp;#x323; un tributary na-esi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ugwu Yoruba na-esi n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ banye n'Osimiri Ọyì nke na-esote ya na-asọga na ndịda n'akụkụ ọwa mmiri abụọ dị omimi nke dị na Oke-Ila quartzite ridges, (n'akụkụ Oke-Ila Orangun ), n'ihu ya bụ nchịkọta osimiri ndi ozo mebere isi [[Osimiri Osun|Osun]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.owamarket.com/ifa-orisha-items-1/omi-osun-river-water |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-07-16 |archivedate=2023-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703221328/https://www.owamarket.com/ifa-orisha-items-1/omi-osun-river-water }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Usòrò:Worshippers_at_the_Osun-Oshogbo_river.jpg|thumb| Ndị na-efe ofufe na Omi Osun]]
Mkpọmkpọ ebe nke oge ochie a na-akpọ Omi-Ọsun dịkwa n'akụkụ osimiri Omi-Ọsun . Ebe a bụbu ebe ala eze Oke-Ila Ọrangun dị n'oge ọpụpụ nke narị afọ gara aga ka ndị otu Oke-Ila na ndị Ila pụọ n'alaeze ochie ha na obodo nne Ila-Yara . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.owamarket.com/ifa-orisha-items-1/omi-osun-river-water |title=Archive copy |accessdate=2024-07-16 |archivedate=2023-07-03 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703221328/https://www.owamarket.com/ifa-orisha-items-1/omi-osun-river-water }}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-akpọ aha Omi-Ọsun &amp;#x323; un n’ịghọta na tributary na-azụ [[Osimiri Osun|osimiri Ọṣun]], nakwa nraranye ya n’oge ochie nye ikpere Ọsun&amp;#x323; na-efe ofufe.

== Osisi ==
[[Usòrò:Osogbo-Oni_(3)_THE_WATER_SIDE_OF_OSUN.jpg|alt=The Water Side of Osun|thumb|Akụkụ mmiri nke Osun]]

== Mmetọ ==
N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, osimiri ahụ, nke na-agafe na steeti ise dị na mpaghara ahụ tupu ya abanye n'Ọwara Oké Osimiri Guinea, emetọọla site n'ọrụ ogbunigwe sitere na obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Ma ọ dịghị onye maara kpọmkwem onye merụru mmiri ahụ kpọmkwem. Na Naijiria, ọrụ nka na-egwupụta ihe na-emekarị. Ndị na-ese ihe na-eji ngwa ọkụ dị ka shọvelụ ma na-elekwasị anya na nkwụnye ego nkịtị mana ndị ọzọ, nke obere ụlọ ọrụ na-akwado, na-eji ngwá ọrụ dị arọ karị, gụnyere ndị na-egwupụta ihe. N'Osun, ndị bi ebe ahụ rụtụrụ aka na ndị China na-akwado ha bụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ nzuzo ma were ndị ọrụ nchekwa n'ọrụ. N'ofe oke osimiri na mpaghara ya, enwere ọtụtụ ebe ngwuputa ihe. Mana Ọsun bụkwa ebe naanị nnukwu ebe a na-egwu ọla edo na Naịjirịa. Ọ bụ ezie na gọọmentị Naijiria na steeti na gọọmenti etiti ekwuputala nyocha, ndị ọkachamara kwuru na n'agbanyeghị onye ọ bụ, a ga-enwe mmetụta ogologo oge na ndị na-adabere na mmiri maka ndụ ha na okwukwe ha. Nlele nlele mmiri gosipụtara ọkwa arsenic na mercury - mmetọ kemịkalụ kacha mkpa, dịka Healthtù Ahụ Ike (wa (WHO) na ndị ụkpụrụ  ụlọ ọrụ Naijiria  (NIS) siri kwuo - bụ pasenti narị asatọ na iri ise na ihe karịrị pasenti puku abụọ  n'otu n'otu karịa ọkwa ekwenyere. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Photos: The pollution of Nigeria’s sacred Osun River|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/gallery/2022/9/2/photos-the-pollution-of-nigerias-sacred-osun-river|accessdate=2023-08-23|work=www.aljazeera.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==</text>
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[[Usòrò:Gestation_crates_3.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Crates ime, nke a na-eji emepụta ezì nke oge a, nke a maara dị ka ugbo ụlọ ọrụ]]
'''ugbo ime''' ime, nke a makwaara dị ka ụlọ nkịta ọhịa, bụ ogige ígwè nke a na-azụ anụ ọhịa a na-eji amụ nwa nwere ike idebe n'oge ime ime. &lt;ref name=&quot;Pond2011p151ff&quot;&gt;Wilson G. Pond, Fuller W. Bazer, Bernard E. Rollin (eds.), ''Animal Welfare in Animal Agriculture'', CRC Press, 2011, p.&amp;nbsp;151ff.&lt;/ref&gt;  Otu igbe dị mma na-atụle 6.6 ft x 2.0 ft (2 m x 60 cm).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Reun|first=Pauk D.|year=1992|title=Breeding and gestation facilities for swine: matching biology to facility design|journal=Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice|volume=8|issue=3|pages=475–502|doi=10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30699-x|pmid=1446265}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20100703144502/http://www.hsus.org/web-files/PDF/farm/HSUS-Report-on-Gestation-Crates-for-Pregnant-Sows.pdf &quot;An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows&quot;], Humane Society of the United States, 2008, p.&amp;nbsp;1.&lt;/ref&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;

Ụlọ ahịa a na-agha mkpụrụ enweghị ihe eji ehi ụra, kama a na-eji plastik, sink ma ọ bụ ígwè kpara akpa kpuchie ya ka e wee nwee ike ịnakọta ihe mkpofu nke ọma n'okpuru. A na-atụba ihe mkpofu a n'olulu ikuku a na-akpọ ọdọ mmiri.[1][2] Ụbọchị ole na ole tupu a mụọ nwa, a na-ebuga ahịhịa n'ime akpa ebe ha na-enwe ike ịdina ala, na-enwe igbe nwere mmasị na ya nke piglets ha nwere ike isi na-azụ ya.

Enwere ihe ọkụkụ 5.36 nde na United States dị ka nke 2016, n'ime ngụkọta nke ezì 50.1 nde.[1] A na-edobe ọtụtụ ịgha mkpụrụ dị ime na US n'ime oghere ime.[2] Amachibidoro igbe ndị ahụ maka nrụnye ọhụrụ naanị na Austria na Canada, yabụ ọtụtụ ịgha mkpụrụ ka nọ n'ebe ahụ na ebe a na-azụ anụ ezi. Amachibidoro ha na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], Canada, Switzerland na Sweden, yana na steeti itoolu na US (Arizona, California, Colorado, [[Flórídạ|Florida]], Maine, [[Michigan]], Ohio, Oregon na Rhode Island).[3] [4] Agbanyeghị, a machibidoghị crates farrowing, nke enwere ike idobe ezì ụmụ nwanyị ruo izu ise, na UK..&lt;ref&gt;Oliver Thring, [https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2012/jan/26/is-red-tractor-pork-high-welfare &quot;Is Red Tractor pork really 'high welfare'?&quot;], ''The Guardian'', 26 January 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị na-emegide igbe ndị ahụ na-ekwu na ha bụ mmetọ anụmanụ, ebe ndị na-akwado ha na-ekwu maka ha iji gbochie ụmụ nwanyị ịlụ ọgụ n'etiti onwe ha.

== Ojiji ==

=== Ime ===
[[Usòrò:Gestation_crate_(Farm_Sanctuary).jpg|thumb|Ụmụ ehi eji amụ nwa na 6.6 ft × 2.0 ft (2 m × 60 cm) akpa ime]]
A na-edebe n'etiti pasent 60 na pasent 70 nke ụmụ ehi n'ime igbe n'oge ime na United States.&lt;ref name=&quot;Webster2&quot;&gt;J. Webster, ''Animal Welfare: A Cool Eye Towards Eden'', Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, cited in [https://web.archive.org/web/20060822182809/http://www.hsus.org/farm/resources/research/practices/gestation_crates.html#003 An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows], Humane Society of the United States.&lt;/ref&gt; Ime ime ọ bụla na-ewe ọnwa atọ, izu atọ, na ụbọchị atọ. Ụmụ ga-enwe nkezi nke 2.5 litters kwa afọ maka afọ abụọ ma ọ bụ atọ, nke a na-etinye ọtụtụ n'ime ha n'ime igbe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann2&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724013229/http://www.pmac.net/AM/pigs_in_crates.html &quot;In Pig Farming, Growing Concern, Raising Sows in Crates Is Questioned&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 18 June 2001.&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-amụ ihe dị n'agbata ụmụ ise na asatọ tupu e wepụ ha n'ìgwè atụrụ ahụ. Ụfọdụ ụmụ ehi ndị toro eto nwere ike iru ogo nke ha ga-ehi ụra n'obi ha, ha enweghị ike idina n'akụkụ ha dịka ezì na-emekarị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann1&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/25/AR2007012501785.html &quot;Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 26 January 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eme ka ala dị larịị iji kwe ka nsị na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ daa n'ime olulu dị n'okpuru.
[[Usòrò:Piglets_Nursing_in_a_Farrowing_Crate.jpg|thumb|Nlekọta ezì n'ime igbe]]
Ụbọchị ole na ole tupu ha amụọ nwa, a na-ebugharị ụmụ nwanyị n'ime igbe ndị na-eme nri, nke dị ntakịrị obosara ka ha wee nwee ike idina ala iji nye nwa ara. Crates nwere 18-in.  (46-cm) &quot;oghere&quot; n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla ebe ụmụ ezì nwere ike idina n'enweghị nsogbu n'enweghị ihe ize ndụ nke okpokoro (mgbe okpokoro dina n'elu obere ezì).

Ịdị ndụ nke ezì na-adabere na nrụgide nhọrọ. Ìgwè ezì a zụlitere maka ịdị ndụ dị elu egosighi ihe dị iche na ọnwụ mgbe a na-enye ha ara na igbe na usoro mpụga.&lt;ref&gt;E. M. Baxter, et al., &quot;Breeding for improved pre-weaning piglet survival in alternative farrowing systems,&quot; Proceedings of the 41st congress of the International Society for Applied Ethology (F. Galindo and L. Alvarez, eds.), 2007, Merida, Mexico.&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Ọnwụ ezì ====
Ọ bụ ezie na ejirila farrowing crates dabere n'echiche ahụ na ha na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ piglet, ọ dị ntakịrị ihe akaebe e bipụtara na-akwado nkwupụta a. The kasị keukwu akwụkwọ ruo taa na isiokwu a kwubiri na ọ dịghị ịrịba mmetụta nke ụlọ na n'ozuzu piglet onwu, ndị dere na-ekwu na &quot;N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na crate usoro e weere iji belata piglet onwu tumadi site na Mbelata nke nchikota, e nwere. abụghị ihe akaebe sayensị maka nke a mgbe ị na-atụle nnukwu nyocha ole na ole na-atụnyere ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ n'ime ìgwè ehi azụmahịa.&quot; Ntụleghachi a gara n'ihu ịkọwa ọtụtụ nnukwu ọmụmụ sitere na mmalite dị ka 1983, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ha ahụghị ihe dị iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ piglet n'etiti ahịhịa ndị rụrụ arụ na nke crated. Ntụleghachi a kọwakwara arụmụka maka ihe kpatara na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-anwụ anwụ piglet ji kọọ ka ọ dị ntakịrị karịa na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ọmụmụ, na-ehota ntụpọ usoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pedersen&quot;&gt;L.J. Pedersen, http://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/pdf/10.3920/978-90-8686-771-4_05 &quot;Housing of sows during farrowing: a review on pen design,
welfare and productivity&quot;, retrieved January 2017.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe mgbochi ojiji ==

=== Europe ===
Na European Union, ekwesighi iji igbe ndị ahụ mee ihe mgbe izu nke anọ nke ime na-eso ntuziaka EU nke afọ 2013. Ha megidere iwu n'oge niile na United Kingdom na Sweden. Otú ọ dị, &lt;ref name=&quot;theguardian1&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Andrew Wasley|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2018/mar/30/row-erupts-between-italys-parma-ham-makers-and-activists-over-pig-welfare|title=Row erupts between Italy's Parma ham makers and activists over pig welfare|work=The Guardian|accessdate=6 October 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; Denmark &lt;ref name=&quot;LF&quot;&gt;[https://lf.dk/viden-om/landbrugsproduktion/husdyr/svin Produktion af grise i Danmark] (from the Danish agricultural trade organisation 'Landbrug &amp; Fødevarer). (Accessed 2019-20-06)&lt;/ref&gt; na Norway &lt;ref name=&quot;NRK&quot;&gt;[https://tv.nrk.no/serie/brennpunkt/2019/MDDP11000519 Brennpunkt] (NRK Documentary on animal welfare of conventional pigs in Norway). Accessed 2019-20-06.)&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ụfọdụ n'ime mba ebe a ka na-eji igbe ime ime eme ihe na ọrụ ugbo ezì.

=== New Zealand ===
A ga-akwụsị iji igbe ime na-esote ịlụ di na nwunye na New Zealand site na 2015.[mkpa mmelite] Otú ọ dị, igbe ndị ahụ ka bụ iwu ruo izu anọ mgbe ha nwesịrị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&amp;objectid=10691325|title=Sow crates to be phased out by 2015 - National - NZ Herald News|date=1 December 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|publisher=NZPA|accessdate=1 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha nke Ministry for Primary Industries duziri, na 2016, chọpụtara na &quot;Kode ọdịmma dị ugbu a na-enye ohere ka ihe ruru 5% nke ụmụ ehi nọgide na crates maka otu izu ọzọ (na-agbaso izu 4 kachasị na crates mgbe ọ na-etolite) dị ka ụmụ nwanyị nọọsụ. Omume a na-eme ka ụlọ ọrụ NA ghara ịnapụ ya nke ọma.

=== Ebe Ugwu America ===
[[Usòrò:Sow_stalls_us_map.svg|thumb|Steeti US nwere ihe mgbochi na ụlọ ezì. A na-ekwe ka ụlọ ezì / igbe ime. 
  ]]
N'afọ 2014, Canada guzobere mmachibido iwu mba niile maka igbe ime ime ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.onegreenplanet.org/news/victory-for-pigs-canada-bans-gestation-crates/|author=Alexis Croswell|date=7 March 2014|title=Victory for Pigs! Canada Bans Gestation Crates|accessdate=2 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Otú ọ dị, a na-egbu oge ọzọ afọ 5 ruo 2029 ma ọ gaghị agụnye nrụnye ndị dị ugbu a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericatennenhouse/2021/01/09/what-a-delay-on-canadas-gestation-crate-ban-will-mean-for-pig-welfare/?sh=5abb05824baa|author=Ellen Tennenhouse|date=21 Jan 2021|title=What A Delay On Canada's Gestation Crate Ban Will Mean For Pig Welfare|work=[[Forbes]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na United States, a machibidoro ha iwu na Florida kemgbe afọ 2002, Arizona kemgbe afọ 2006, na California kemgbe ngwụcha afọ 2008. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann1&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/25/AR2007012501785.html &quot;Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 26 January 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Iwu Rhode Island machibidoro igbe ahụ, nke e mere na June 2012, malitere na June 2013.  A na-ewepụkwa ha na Colorado, Maine, Michigan, Ohio na Oregon.&lt;ref&gt;Centner, TJ (2009) Limitations on the confinement of food animals in the United States. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics online first &lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, 2018 California Proposition 12 machibidoro ire anụ ezì site na igbe ime ime na California, ọbụlagodi na emepụtara ha n'ebe ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na a na-anọgide na-echere ikpe ikpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-01-26|title=California judge delays enforcement of part of new bacon law|url=https://www.10news.com/news/national/california-judge-delays-enforcement-of-part-of-new-bacon-law|accessdate=2022-02-20|work=KGTV|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2013 New Jersey nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ezì nke ihe dị ka 9,000 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Matt Arco|title=Clock ticking for Chris Christie to act on controversial N.J. pig bill with 2016 implications|work=The Star-Ledger|date=26 November 2014|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/11/clock_ticking_for_chris_christie_to_declare_position_on_controversial_nj_pig_bill_with_presidential.html#incart_river}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla, dị ka Humane Society si kwuo, a na-edebe ya na igbe ime. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Melissa Hayes|title=Humane Society urges ban in N.J. on gestational crates in pig breeding|publisher=The Record|date=27 October 2014|url=http://www.northjersey.com/news/humane-society-urges-ban-in-n-j-on-gestational-crates-in-pig-breeding-1.1118970}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na nyocha e mere na 2013, 90% nke ndị na-eme ntụli aka na New Jersey kwadoro mmachibido iwu nke igbe ahụ. N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2013, Gọvanọ Christie kwadoro S1921,  iwu iji machibido igbe ezì ime ime.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SENATE, No. 1921|publisher=New Jersey Legislature|date=13 May 2012|url=http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2012/Bills/S2000/1921_R1.HTM|accessdate=30 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=\Chris Christie Vetoes NJ Pork Gestation Crate Ban|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/27/chris-christie-gestation-crate_n_3512521.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=P. J. Huffstuutter|title=New Jersey governor vetoes ban on gestation crate use|work=Reuters|date=27 January 2013|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-farm-gestation-crate-veto-idUSBRE95Q1I920130627}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke gafere na Nzukọ Ezumezu na votu nke 60-5 na Senate 29-4. Mgbalị iji wepụ veto ahụ abịaghị na ntuli aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Portnoy|first=Jenna|title=N.J. Senate to attempt to override Christie's veto on pig crates bill Gov. Chris Christie vetoed a bill in June that would have prohibited the farm practice of placing pregnant pigs in gestation cages|work=The Star-Ledger|date=11 November 2013|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2013/11/chris_christie_pig_veto_override.html|accessdate=30 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2014, ndị omeiwu New Jersey nabatara S998  site na ịtụ vootu na Senate nke 32-1 na Nzukọ 53-13 (nke 9 na-anọghị)  Na 27 Nọvemba n'afọ 2014 Christie kwadoro iwu ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=SENATE, No. 998|publisher=New Jersey Legislature|date=27 January 2014|url=http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/2014/Bills/S1000/998_I1.HTM|accessdate=30 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=S998 Sca (1R)|publisher=New Jersey Legislature|url=http://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bills/BillView.asp?BillNumber=S998|accessdate=30 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Brodesser-Akner|first=Claude|title=Christie vetoes pig crate ban, accuses sponsors of partisan politicking|work=The Star-Ledger|date=28 November 2014|url=http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2014/11/christie_vetoes_pig_crate_ban_accusses_sponsors_of_partisan_politicking.html#incart_m-rpt-2|accessdate=30 November 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; E webatara iwu ọhụrụ na 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nj.com/opinion/2021/01/help-may-be-on-the-way-for-new-jerseys-suffering-pigs-opinion.html|title=Help may be on the way for New Jersey's suffering pigs &amp;#124; Opinion|date=21 January 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Iwu ụlọ ọrụ ===
Ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ nri 60 nwere iwu iji wepụ ojiji ha.

Smithfield Foods, onye na-emepụta anụ ezì kachasị na United States, kwuru na Jenụwarị 2007 na ọ ga-ewepụ igbe ime site na ụlọ ezì 187 ya n'ime afọ iri na-esote n'ihi nchegbu sitere n'aka ndị ahịa ya. N'afọ 2009, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwuru na ọ gaghịzi enwe ike iwepụ ha n'ime afọ iri n'ihi ahịa dị ala na nso nso a, &lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann1&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/25/AR2007012501785.html &quot;Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 26 January 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; mana ọ gbanwere mkpebi ahụ na 2011 mgbe nrụgide siri ike sitere na Human Society nke United States. &lt;ref name=&quot;smithfield_recommit&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://hamptonroads.com/2011/12/smithfield-end-use-gestation-crates-2017|title=Smithfield to end use of gestation crates by 2017|author=Walzer, Philip|date=9 December 2012|accessdate=31 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2012, McDonald's kwupụtara na ọ ga-amalite iso ndị na-eweta ihe na-arụ ọrụ iji kwụsị iji igbe ime eme ihe n'ihi nrụgide sitere na Humane Society nke United States na ndị ọzọ na-akwado anụmanụ. McDonald's na-azụta ihe dị ka otu pasent nke anụ ezì niile na United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/14/business/mcdonalds-vows-to-help-end-use-of-sow-crates.html|work=The New York Times|first=Stephanie|author=Strom|title=McDonald's Vows to Help End Use of Sow Crates|date=13 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2022, onye na-etinye ego na ọtụtụ ijeri mmadụ bụ Carl Icahn manyere ndị nduzi McDonald ka ha mee ka ọsọ nke iwepụ igbe ime ime.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2022-02-21|title=McDonald's pig policy fight escalates with board nominations|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-60458129|accessdate=2022-02-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nsogbu ọdịmma ==
[[Usòrò:Gestation_crates_5.jpg|thumb|Ezigbo ga-anọ n'ime igbe ime maka ọnwa anọ nke ime ya.]]
Ndị na-akwado ọdịmma anụmanụ na-ele ojiji nke igbe ime ime anya dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị na-adịghị mma nke mmepụta anụmanụ siri ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann1&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/25/AR2007012501785.html &quot;Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 26 January 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Temple Grandin nke Ngalaba Sayensị Anụmanụ nke Mahadum Steeti Colorado kwuru na 2007: &quot;... n'ụzọ bụ isi ị na-arịọ ezì ka ọ biri n'oche ụgbọelu. &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapiro&quot;&gt;Shapiro, Paul. [http://www.globegazette.com/articles/2007/01/10/opinion/doc45a44853758c8203994884.txt Pork industry should phase out gestation crates (Guest View)], ''Globe Gazette'', 10 January 2007.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị na-emepụta anụ ezi na-arụ ụka na a chọrọ igbe ime ime n'ihi na ịgha mkpụrụ na-ejikọta ọnụ na pensụl ga-alụ ọgụ, na-emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ gbuo ndị ibe ha. Enwere ike nweta otu mmetụta ahụ site na nnukwu pensụl ndị na-eme ka ụmụ anụmanụ dị iche iche, ma nye ha ohere ịmegharị. E nwekwara ụzọ ndị ọzọ e si ebelata, ma ọ bụghị ikpochapụ, iwe iwe ma e wezụga oghere ime ime. Ndị a na-agụnye ikpochapụ oke mmadụ, ịghara ịgwakọta ezì site na nsị dị iche iche, inye ahịhịa ma ọ bụ ihe eji ehi ụra ọzọ, na inye nri zuru oke nke na-abụghị nanị na-egbo mkpa nri ma na-emeju agụụ.[1] Ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa iji belata mkpasu iwe n'etiti mkpụrụ osisi na-adabere na ụzọ nri ọzọ, n'ihi na ọtụtụ mkpụrụ ga-asọrịta mpi maka nri. Ndị a na-agụnye usoro inye nri aghụghọ, ụlọ ahịa nri nke onye ọ bụla, na ngwá ọrụ ịgha mkpụrụ eletrọnịkị, bụ́ ndị na-edozi asọmpi nri n'etiti ezi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gonyou|first=HW|year=2003|title=Group housing: alternative systems, alternative management|journal=Advances in Pork Production|volume=14|pages=101–7}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha mbụ nke anụmanụ yiri ka ọ na-akwado ojiji nke igbe ime ime. Dị ka [[U.S. National Pork Producers Council]], nke na-akwalite anụ ezì dị ka ihe oriri ma bụrụ onye na-akwado igbe ime ime, American Veterinary Medical Association &quot;na-amata ụlọ ime ime na usoro ụlọ otu dị ka ihe kwesịrị ekwesị maka inye ọdịmma nke ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ime ime&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann1&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/25/AR2007012501785.html &quot;Largest Pork Processor to Phase Out Crates&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 26 January 2007.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na omume nke immobilizing ụmụ anụmanụ na crates na-egbochi ọgụ, ọ na-eme ka nrụgide ụmụ anụmanụ dịkwuo elu, na-akpata nsogbu ahụike ndị ọzọ.[s] American Association of Swine Veterinarians nakweere nkwupụta ọnọdụ na 2002 na-akọwa ụkpụrụ ise nke ọdịmma anụ ọhịa ma na-emechi, &quot;Akwụkwọ sayensị dị ugbu a na-egosi na ụlọ ọrụ ime ime onwe onye na-ezute nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị a kpọtụrụ aha, ọ bụrụhaala na a na-elekọta ọkwa kwesịrị ekwesị nke ịkpa anụ. &quot;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;AASV Position Statement: Pregnant Sow Housing.&quot; Accessed 31 July 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;
 
The Washington Post kọrọ na 2001 na ndị na-eme nchọpụta achọtaghị ụmụ nwanyị n'ime igbe ime nwere oke hormone nrụgide. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwu na nke a na-egosi na ahụike ha n'ozuzu ya adịghị njọ. Ụfọdụ ndị na-emepụta ihe na Europe na-eji usoro mkpịsị akwụkwọ ịmụ nwa &quot;n'efu&quot; nke ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ime mkpịsị aka n'otu n'otu maka izu anọ mbụ nke ime ime ma nwee ike &quot;ịmeghe&quot; ụlọ ahụ site na ịlaghachi ma banye n'otu ebe. Ndị na-emepụta ihe chọpụtara na ezì dị ime ga-anọ n'ime ebe obibi ihe karịrị pasent 90 nke oge, ma laghachi n'otu ebe ihe karịrị pasenta 90 nke oge.&lt;ref name=&quot;Salek-Johnson&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Salek-Johnson|first=Janeen|date=30 September 2012|title=Individual pens for sows' safety|url=http://thegazette.com/2012/09/30/individual-pens-for-sows-safety/|work=[[The Gazette (Cedar Rapids)|The Gazette]]|accessdate=10 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Agbanyeghị, ọmụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-emegide ọmụmụ ndị mbụ. Akụkọ 1997 nke Kọmitii Sayensị nke Ụmụ Anụmanụ nke European Union, ebe mmachibido iwu nke igbe ime malitere na 2013, kwuru na n'ihi na &quot;ọdịmma zuru oke yiri ka ọ ka mma mgbe ụmụ anụmanụ na-anọghị n'ime ime, a ga-ahọrọ idebe ụmụ anụmanụ n'ìgwè. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/animals/docs/aw_arch_1997_intensively_kept_pigs_en.pdf|title=The Welfare Of Intensively Kept Pigs|date=Sep 30, 1997|accessdate=December 3, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu aka ahụ na 2008, Pew Commission on Industrial Farm Animal Production, mgbe afọ 2.5 nke nyocha gasịrị, tụrụ aro &quot;ịpụ, n'ime afọ 10, nke usoro mgbochi niile nke na-egbochi mmegharị okike na omume dị mma, gụnyere igbe ime ezì&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;washingtonpost.com&quot;&gt;Tim Carman, [https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/food/pork-industry-gives-sows-room-to-move/2012/05/25/gJQAISlxyU_story.html &quot;Pork industry gives sows room to move&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 29 May 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọtụtụ nnyocha egosila na ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ime igbe na-egosipụta omume dị ka ịta ụtarị, ịkpa isi, na ịpịgharị ire, na-egosi nkụda mmụọ na-adịghị ala ala. Mgbe e nyere ha nhọrọ, ezì ga-ewepụ onwe ha n'ebe dị anya site n'ebe ha na-ehi ụra ma na-eri nri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare on a request from the Commission related to welfare of weaners and rearing pigs: effects of different space allowances and floor types|date=2005|doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2005.268|volume=3|journal=EFSA Journal}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụ ahụhụ nọ n'ime igbe na-ata mmanya, na-ata ọbụna mgbe ha na-enweghị nri, ma na-agbanye karama mmiri ha nke ukwuu, a na-akọ na ha niile bụ ihe na-egosi ike ọgwụgwụ. The Post (uncited reference) dere na akụkọ sitere n'aka ndị dọkịta anụmanụ maka European Union kwubiri na omume na-adịghị mma n'ime ụmụ nwanyị &quot;na-etolite mgbe anụmanụ ahụ nwere nkụda mmụọ siri ike ma ọ bụ na-aga n'ihu. N'ihi ya, mmepe ha na-egosi na anụmanụ ahụ na-enwe ihe isi ike ịnagide na ọdịmma ya adịghị mma. &quot;  Omume a, dị ka ịta ụfụ site na ịta ụta ụfị na ịta.[s]&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann2&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724013229/http://www.pmac.net/AM/pigs_in_crates.html &quot;In Pig Farming, Growing Concern, Raising Sows in Crates Is Questioned&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 18 June 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Mendl MT. 1991. The effects of alternative forms of intensive pig husbandry on measures of pig welfare. In: Bradley A and Sckofield WL (eds.), Proceedings of the First Association of Veterinary Students Animal Welfare Symposium (Cambridge, U.K.: Association of Veterinary Students).&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-egosikwa omume nke na-egosi enweghị enyemaka, dị ka Morris si kwuo, dị ka ịnọ n'enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma mgbe a na-agba ha ma ọ bụ mgbe a na'atụfu bọket mmiri n'elu ha. Nnyocha nke Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ụmụ anụmanụ nke European Commission na-ekwu na achọtawo omume &quot;nke a na-ahụkarị&quot; ugboro ugboro na &quot;nnyocha zuru ezu&quot; nke ezì n'ime igbe ime, mana ọ bụghị na usoro ụlọ ọ bụla ọzọ a nyochara.&lt;ref name=&quot;svc&quot;&gt;SVC (Scientific Veterinary Committee) (1997).  The welfare of intensively kept pigs.  Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General for Agriculture, Brussels..&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha akwụkwọ nke afọ 2004 nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị anụmanụ chọpụtara na ụmụ anụmanụ nọ n'ụlọ na-egosipụta omume &quot;dị mma&quot; karịa ụmụ anụmanụ n'ụlọ otu, mana na ụmụ anụ ọhịa ndị nọ n'ebe obibi nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmerụ ahụ dị ala na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu.&lt;ref&gt;McGlone, J.J. et al. &quot;Compilation of the Scientific Literature Comparing Housing Systems for Gestating Sows and Gilts Using Measures of Physiology, Behavior, Performance, and Health,&quot; Professional Animal Scientist April 2004 vol. 20 no. 2 105-117.&lt;/ref&gt; Nnyocha ụfọdụ egosila na &quot;omume mkpụrụ osisi egosila dị iche n'etiti usoro ụlọ; mgbe mgbe ọ yiri ka ọ bụ akụkụ na-abụghị ụlọ (ya bụ, ntụziaka nke mmanya, ihe ndị ọzọ dị) nke usoro ahụ nke na-ahụ maka omume nke ezì gosipụtara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Salak-Johnson|first=Janeen|title=The Reality of Sow Stalls|url=http://www.pork.org/filelibrary/SowHousing/2007SowHousingForum/Proceedings/JaneenJohnson.pdf|accessdate=10 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708103555/http://www.pork.org/filelibrary/SowHousing/2007SowHousingForum/Proceedings/JaneenJohnson.pdf|archivedate=8 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A ga-ahụ ọtụtụ nsogbu ndị ọzọ metụtara ahụike n'etiti ezì ndị nọ n'ime igbe ime ime karịa usoro ụlọ otu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a gụnyere ọrịa na-emetụta usoro nsị, ọrịa iku ume, &lt;ref name=&quot;Tillon1&quot; /&gt; mmerụ ahụ akpụkpọ ahụ (dịka ọnyá nrụgide), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Broom|first=DM|year=1995|title=A comparison of the welfare of sows in different housing conditions|journal=Animal Science|volume=61|issue=2|pages=369–85|doi=10.1017/s1357729800013928}}&lt;/ref&gt; oke okpomọkụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;Webster2&quot;&gt;J. Webster, ''Animal Welfare: A Cool Eye Towards Eden'', Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, cited in [https://web.archive.org/web/20060822182809/http://www.hsus.org/farm/resources/research/practices/gestation_crates.html#003 An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows], Humane Society of the United States.&lt;/ref&gt; ịdị arọ nke ọkpụkpụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;Marchant1&quot; /&gt; ahụike uru ahụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;Marchant1&quot; /&gt; ahụ ike obi, &lt;ref name=&quot;Commission1&quot;&gt;Commission of the European Communities. 2001. COM(2001) 20 final 2001/0021 (CNS) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the welfare of intensively kept pigs in particularly taking into account the welfare of sows reared in varying degrees of confinement and in groups. Proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 91/630/EEC laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs.&lt;/ref&gt; mmerụ ahụ ụkwụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;Kornegay1&quot;&gt;Kornegay ET, Bryant KL, and Notter DR. 1990. Toe lesion development in gilts and sows housed in confinement as influenced by toe size and toe location. [[Applied Agricultural Research]] 5(4):327-34.&lt;/ref&gt; mmebi nkwonkwo, &lt;ref name=&quot;Fredeen1&quot; /&gt; na ọbụna nkwarụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Marchant1&quot; /&gt;

Dị ka John Webster, onye isi ụlọ akwụkwọ Veterinary School na Mahadum Bristol na United Kingdom, si kwuo, &quot;Akwà a na-akụ n'elu simenti n'ụlọ mkpọrọ na-ata ahụhụ dịka Nnwere Onwe Ise niile si dị&quot;. Ndị a gụnyere nnwere onwe pụọ n'agụụ, obi erughị ala, ihe mgbu, nchegbu, na nnwere onwe igosipụta omume dị mma.  Mkpụrụ osisi ndị ga n'ala simenti nwere ike ịnwe oke okpomọkụ na nsogbu anụ ahụ na-adịghị ala ala, &lt;ref name=Webster1&gt;Webster J. 2005. [http://103.9.88.89/app/2014-06-22/Animal%20Welfare%20%20Limping%20Towards%20Eden%20John%20Webster%20(UFAW%20Animal%20Welfare)%20(2005).pdf &quot;Animal Welfare: Limping Towards Eden&quot;]{{Dead link|date=February 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishing, pp. 12, 116).&lt;/ref&gt; ebe otu ala simenti a nwere ike inye aka na mmerụ ahụ ụkwụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;Kornegay1&quot;&gt;Kornegay ET, Bryant KL, and Notter DR. 1990. Toe lesion development in gilts and sows housed in confinement as influenced by toe size and toe location. [[Applied Agricultural Research]] 5(4):327-34.&lt;/ref&gt; mgbu nkwonkwo, &lt;ref name=&quot;Fredeen1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Fredeen|first=HT|year=1978|title=Joint damage in pigs reared under confinement|journal=[[Canadian Journal of Animal Science]]|volume=58|issue=4|pages=759–73|doi=10.4141/cjas78-095}}&lt;/ref&gt; na mmerụ akpụkpọ ahụ &lt;ref name=&quot;Webster2&quot;&gt;J. Webster, ''Animal Welfare: A Cool Eye Towards Eden'', Oxford: Blackwell Science Ltd, cited in [https://web.archive.org/web/20060822182809/http://www.hsus.org/farm/resources/research/practices/gestation_crates.html#003 An HSUS Report: Welfare Issues with Gestation Crates for Pregnant Sows], Humane Society of the United States.&lt;/ref&gt; - n'ihi mmetụ ezì na-adịte aka na elu siri ike na enweghị ọrụ.  

Ahụike obi na akwara na-adịghị mma, nsogbu ọkpụkpụ, na ahụike uru ahụ adịghị mma niile bụ n'ihi enweghị mmega ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Marchant1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Marchant|first=JN|year=1996|title=Effects of dry sow housing conditions on muscle weight and bone strength|journal=Animal Science|volume=62|pages=105–13|doi=10.1017/s1357729800014387}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Commission1&quot;&gt;Commission of the European Communities. 2001. COM(2001) 20 final 2001/0021 (CNS) Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the welfare of intensively kept pigs in particularly taking into account the welfare of sows reared in varying degrees of confinement and in groups. Proposal for a Council Directive amending Directive 91/630/EEC laying down minimum standards for the protection of pigs.&lt;/ref&gt; Mbelata nke ịdị arọ nke uru ahụ na-eme ka ọbụna mmegharị dị mfe sie ike, &lt;ref name=&quot;Marchant1&quot; /&gt; ebe otu nnyocha chọpụtara na ụmụ nwanyị nwere okpukpu abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọkpụkpụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-abụghị nke a na-etinye, na ndị nchọpụta kwubiri na ọkpụkpụ na-adịghị ike dugara n'ọtụtụ ọkpụkpụ gbajiri agbaji ma ọ bụ mmerụ ahụ [1] na nnyocha ọzọ chọpụtara na ihe a na-ahụkarị na ọnwụ bụ adịghị ike ụkwụ. &lt;ref&gt;Marchant JN, Broom DM. 1993. The effects of dry sow housing conditions on lying behaviour of sows. [In] Nichelmann M, Wierenga HK, Braun S, editors. ''Proceedings of the [[International Congress on Applied Ethology]]''; Darmstadt: KTBL; p 455-58.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Christensen|first=G.|year=1995|title=Causes of mortality among sows in Danish pig herds|journal=[[Veterinary Record]]|volume=137|issue=16|pages=395–399|doi=10.1136/vr.137.16.395|pmid=8545936}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịdị ike nke na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ ndị a na-adịghị ike bụkwa n'otu akụkụ n'ihi ike nke ala simenti, nke na-eduga na mmerụ ahụ dị elu na ụkwụ na ma ọ bụ ụkwụ,  ka anyị ghara ikwu maka ọnyá ubu na abrasions na akpụkpọ ahụ site na nkume, ọnụ dị nkọ, na bolts na-ejikọta igbe n'ebe ahụ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;Sather1&quot;&gt;Sather AP and Fredeen HT. 1982. &quot;The effect of confinement housing upon the incidence of leg weakness in swine&quot;. ''Canadian Journal of Animal Science'' 62:1119-28.
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Miller D. 2004. Sows flourish in pen gestation. ''National Hog Farmer'', 15 March.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Stalder K and Baas T. 2005. Screen gilts for feet and leg disorders. ''National Hog Farmer'', 15 February.&lt;/ref&gt; A na-eche na otu ala a na-enye aka na mmerụ ahụ mkpịsị ụkwụ,  na ụfọdụ akụkọ na-azọrọ na ihe ruru 80% nke ụmụ nwanyị nwere crated na-arịa ọrịa a. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kornegay1&quot;&gt;Kornegay ET, Bryant KL, and Notter DR. 1990. Toe lesion development in gilts and sows housed in confinement as influenced by toe size and toe location. [[Applied Agricultural Research]] 5(4):327-34.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tillon1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Tillon|first=JP|year=1984|title=Diseases affecting confined sows: data from epidemiological observations|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/16708998|journal=Annales de Recherches Vétérinaires (Annals of Veterinary Research)|volume=15|issue=2|pages=195–9|pmid=6486691}}
&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi enweghị mmega ahụ, ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ịzụlite ọtụtụ ọnọdụ anụ ahụ ndị ọzọ nke na-emebi ọdịmma ha n'ozuzu. Ọrịa na-efe n'ime mmiri nwere ike ịmalite n'ihi enweghị ike ịkwaga ezì, nke na-eme ka ha ghara ịṅụ mmanya ugboro ugboro ma si otú a mepụta nje bacteria n'ime ụzọ mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tillon1&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na otu ọrịa a na aka n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-amanye ụmụ nwanyị ka ha dinaa, ma ọ bụ nọdụ ala, n'ime nsị ha  - ihe ọzọ mere ụfọdụ ji chee na enwere ọrịa iku ume dị elu n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ndị nọ n'ime igbe ime. &lt;ref name=&quot;Sather1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tillon1&quot; /&gt;  

N'otu nnọkọ e nwere n'afọ 2002 maka ụlọ ezì na ọdịmma, Edmond A. Pajor, onye osote prọfesọ na Mahadum Purdue, gwara ndị na-ege ntị na &quot;N'ụlọ ime ime, a na-egbochi ụmụ ehi ịrụ ọtụtụ n'ime omume omume ndị ezì ga-eme n'ọnọdụ okike ma ọ bụ nke na-akparaghị ókè nke na-eme ka ọdịmma ezì ghara ịdị mma&quot; &lt;ref&gt;Pajor EA. 2002. Group housing of sows in small pens: advantages, disadvantages and recent research. In: Reynells R (ed.), Symposium on Swine Housing and Well-being (Beltsville, MD: [[U.S. Department of Agriculture]], pp. 37-44). www.ces.purdue.edu/pork/sowhousing/swine_02.pdf. Accessed 19 May 2008.&lt;/ref&gt;

Paul Sundberg, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ na osote onye isi oche nke U.S. National Pork Board, onye na'ihu na-akwado igbe ime, gwara The Washington Post, sị: &quot;Ndị ọrụ ugbo na-emeso ụmụ anụmanụ ha nke ọma n'ihi na nke ahụ bụ ezigbo azụmahịa. Isi ihe iji kụọ ọdịmma abụghị ma a na-edebe ha na igbe onwe onye ma ọ bụ ụlọ otu, mana ma a na usoro eji eme ihe nke ọma. &quot;S. &quot;Science gwara anyị na ọ [otu ntabi anya mara na ọ maghị na ọ pụghị ịgbanwe ... Otú ọ dị na ọ dị na ụlọ ọrụ sayensị ọ dị na-eme ka ọ dị na Sundberg nwere ike ime ihe dị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann2&quot;&gt;Marc Kaufmann, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110724013229/http://www.pmac.net/AM/pigs_in_crates.html &quot;In Pig Farming, Growing Concern, Raising Sows in Crates Is Questioned&quot;], ''The Washington Post'', 18 June 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kaufmann2&quot; /&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ụkpụrụ Omume Banyere Ụmụ Anụmanụ

== Ebem si dee ==

[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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[[Usòrò:Long_shadow_of_a_dead_tree_with_its_branches_on_the_dry_fields_of_Laos_-_landscape.jpg|thumb| Oge ọkọchị na Laos .  Ogologo ogologo nke osisi ọnwụ na alaka ya na ala akọrọ nke Don Det, ụbọchị anwụ na-acha isi na igwe ojii na-acha ọcha, n'ehihie..]]
Oge ọkọchị bụ oge mmiri ozuzo dị obere kwa afọ, n'ebe akụ .  Ihu igwe na ebe ebe na-achịkwa eriri mmiri ozuzo, nke na-esi n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndị na-azụ na azụ n'ime afọ.  Ihe na-adaba adaba na oge Ezinụlọ bụ oge ochie ma ọ bụ oyi .

== Akara mmiri ozuzo ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf|title=Updated world Köppen-Geiger climate classification map|accessdate=2024-08-02|archivedate=2012-02-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akara mmiri ozuzo na-ekpo ọkụ na-adị na mpaghara ndịda nke ụwa site na Nọvemba ruo March;  N'oge ahụ ugwu ugwu na-enwe a ọkọchị oge na sparser mmiri ozuzo, na ụbọchị na-a na anwụ na-acha.  Site na Mee ruo September, eriri mmiri ozuzo dị na mpaghara ugwu, ebe ebe ndị na-enwe oge ọkọchị.  N'okpuru nhazi ihu igwe nke Köppen, maka ihu igwe umu, nwanyị ọkọchị ka akọwara dị ka ụnwa mgbe nkezi mmiri mmiri dị n'okpuru 60 millimeters (2.4 na) .

Akara mmiri rutere n'ebe ugwu dị ka Tropic of Cancer na n'ebe ndị dị ka Tropic nke Capricorn .  N'ala ndị mmụọ a, ndị otu oge mmiri na otu oge ọkọchị kwa afọ.  Na equator, e nwere oge mmiri mmiri nke abụọ, dịka USB mmiri na-agafe ugboro abụọ n'afọ, otu ugboro na-aga n'ebe ugwu na otu ugboro na-aga n'ebe ndịda.  N'etiti ebe nwere ike na equator, ebe ike ike obere mmiri mmiri ma ọ bụ ogologo oge mmiri;  na obere akọrọ ma ọ bụ ogologo oge chịchị.  mpaghara ala mpaghara nwere ike ike ụdị ihu igwe ndị a n'agbanyeghị na ha nwere ike.

== Oke ọkọchị ==
N'oge ọkọchị, iru mmiri na-adị egwu, na-eme ka ụfọdụ olulu mmiri na osimiri takọọ.  Enweghị mmiri a (na nri nri) nwere ike ịmanye ọtụtụ anụmanụ na-ata nri nriga n'ebe ndị na-eme nri.  Ihe atụ nke anụmanụ dị otú ahụ bụ: zebra, enyí, giraffes, hippos, rhinos, antelopes na wildebeest, HDR mmiri ọkụ, African buffaloes, gaur, tapir, emus, enyí osisi, rheas, na kangaroo .  N'ihi ihe mmiri na osisi, ọkụ ọkụ (ọkụ ọkụ) na-emekarị. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://burarra.questacon.edu.au/pages/seasons.html|title=Wet &amp; Dry Seasons|accessdate=2008-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320141721/http://burarra.questacon.edu.au/pages/seasons.html|archivedate=2012-03-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrịa ==
Ihe ngosi na-egosi na n'Afrịka ụfọdụ nke ọkọchị na-adaba n'ihe ịrịba ama ịrị elu nke ọrịa measles —bụ́ nke ndị ọrịa na-aghọ na ịbụ na ọ bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ndị mmadụ n'oge ọkọchị, n  'ihi na eji ọrụ ugbo bụ ihe na- ike ekwe omume ma e wezụga ịgba mmiri.  N'ime oge a, ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-akwaga n'obodo ukwu, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ elu, na-ekwe ka ahụ ahụ ngwa ngwa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080206131643.htm|title=Dry Season Brings On Measles In Sub-Saharan Africa|publisher=ScienceDaily|date=February 7, 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
Ihe ohuru na-egosi na n'ime oge nke oke ohia nke South America Amazon, akwukwo na mmemme di iche iche iche n'etiti oge akọrọ na udu mmirika-ihe dika 25% akwukwo ozo na uto ngwa n'  oge udo mmiri.  Ndị History na Amazon n'onwe ya nwere ike na-eweta akuko nke oge mmiri: site na-etowanye akwụkwọ ndụ, ọ na-ekpochapụ mmiri mmiri.  [4] Otú ọ dị, uto a na- nanị n'ụdị mmiri Amazon na-mọpụtara , bụ́ ebe ndị ike na-egosi nwere ike iru n'ime omimi ma ikekwuo mmirika.  [5] E gosikwara na ụzọ ozone dị elu nke ukwuu n'oge ọkọchị ụfọdụ n'oge udu mmiri na mmiri Amazon. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1990/89JD02892.shtml|title=Ozone measurements in Amazonia: Dry season versus wet season|first=V. W. J. H.|author=Kirchhoff|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=95|pages=16913|doi=10.1029/jd095id10p16913|year=1990|issue=D10|accessdate=2008-04-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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'''Nsah Mala''' (onye amụrụ '''Kenneth Toah Nsah''') bụ onye na-ede uri [[Kameroon|Cameroon]], &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=13vgDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=nsah+mala&amp;pg=PT99|title=Routledge Handbook of Minority Discourses in African Literature|first=Tanure|author=Ojaide|date=29 April 2020|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781000053050}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Ngongkum|first=Eunice|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lA5htAEACAAJ|title=Anglophone Cameroon Poetry in the Environmental Matrix|date=2017|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-0343-2898-2|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye edemede, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=whJNDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=kenneth+toah+nsah&amp;pg=PA237|title=Re-writing Pasts, Imagining Futures: Critical Explorations of Contemporary African Fiction and Theater|first=Gomia, Victor|author=N|date=20 February 2018|publisher=Spears Media Press|isbn=9781942876182}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye edemede nke akwụkwọ ụmụaka na onye nchọpụta-ọkà mmụta. &lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=réd/clp|date=17 December 2017|title={{!}}e-cahiers littéraires – Nsah Mala : deux poèmes inédits|url=https://malraux.org/e-cahiers-litteraires-nsah-mala-deux-poemes-inedits/|accessdate=30 August 2020|work=Malraux.org|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;   Ọ na-ede n'asụsụ Bekee, French, na Iteanghe-a-Mbesa (Asụsụ Mbesa). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Rinos|first=Mwanaka, Tendai|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PnCQDwAAQBAJ&amp;q=Nsah+Mala+Ministry+of+Arts+and+Culture+Cameroon&amp;pg=PR16|title=Writing Grandmothers: Africa Vs Latin America Vol 2|date=6 April 2019|publisher=Mwanaka Media and Publishing Pvt Ltd|isbn=978-1-77906-356-4|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ===
A mụrụ ya na Mbesa (nke a na-akpọkwa Mbessa), Nsah Mala gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị na CBC School Mbesa .

O dere egwuregwu mbụ ya na Form Two na Government Secondary School (GSS) Mbessa, ma nweta akwụkwọ ikike nke General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary Level na 2007. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na CCAST Bambili ebe ọ nwetara GCE Advanced Level na 2009. na-apụta dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi kachasị mma nke mba na Literature na bekee nke nwetara ya onyinye sitere na Cameroon Association of English-Speaking Journalists (CAMASEJ).[6][7]

N'fo 2012 ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na École Normale Supérieure (ENS) de Yaoundé na Mahadum Yaoundé I.[8] Site n'afo 2016 ruo n'afọ 2018, na Erasmus Mundus Scholarship, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ maka Erasmus Mundus Masters Crossways na Cultural Narratives [9] na Mahadum Perpignan Via Domitia (France), Mahadum St Andrews (UK), na Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (Spain).

Na Septemba 2018, o debanyere aha na mmemme PhD na Comparative Literature na Mahadum Aarhus (Denmark).[6] Na 11 Maachị 2022, ọ gbachitere nke ọma akwụkwọ akwụkwọ PhD ya nke isiokwu ya bụ: &quot;Akwụkwọ nwere ike ịzọpụta Congo Basin? Postcolonial Ecocriticism and Environmental Literary Activism.&quot;[7][8] [9] [10] Ọ bụ Prọfesọ na-elekọta akwụkwọ akụkọ ya. Mads Rosendahl Thomsen, Ngalaba Akwụkwọ ntụnyere, na Prọfesọ Peter Mortensen, ngalaba Bekee, abụọ na Mahadum Aarhus.[7] [8] [9] [10] Kọmiti ntule doctoral nke Nsah nwere Prọfesọ Scott Slovic, ngalaba bekee, Mahadum [[Idaho]] (USA), Prọfesọ Prọfesọ Étienne-Marie Lassi, ngalaba French, Mahadum Manitoba (Canada), na Prọfesọ Marianne Ping Huang, akwụkwọ ntụnyere, Mahadum Aarhus ( Onye isi oche kọmitii).[7][8][9] Usoro mmụta doctoral ya meriri Prix de thèses francophones en Prospective 2022 (Prize for Francophone Theses in Foresight and Futures Studies) site na la Fondation 2100 na l'Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prix de Thèses francophones en prospective - remise de prix au Caire|url=https://www.auf.org/nouvelles/actualites/55646/|access-date=2023-01-27|website=AUF|language=fr-CA|accessdate=2024-08-31|archivedate=2024-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241004184714/https://www.auf.org/nouvelles/actualites/55646/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ajaja|first=Ibrahim|title=Fondation 2100 Remise du Prix de thèses francophones de prospective par la Fondation 2100 et l'Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie au Caire|url=https://2100.org/1268/remise-du-prix-de-theses-francophones-de-prospective/|access-date=2023-01-27|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dr Kenneth Toah Nsah wins international thesis prize|url=https://www.ru.nl/rich/news-events/news/redactionele/dr-kenneth-toah-nsah-wins-international-thesis/|access-date=2023-01-27|website=Radboud Institute for Culture &amp; History|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka onye nyocha postdoctoral na Mahadum Radboud ([[Netherlands]]), a natara Nsah dị ka onye nkuzi postdoctoral ma na-eme nchọpụta na Mahaduma de Lille ([[France]]).  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Towards epistemic justice {{!}} Radboud University|url=https://www.ru.nl/en/research/research-projects/towards-epistemic-justice,%20https://www.ru.nl/en/research/research-projects/towards-epistemic-justice|accessdate=2023-10-11|work=www.ru.nl|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Lille|first=Université de|title=Membres associés: CECILLE|url=https://cecille.univ-lille.fr/equipe/membres-associes|accessdate=2023-10-11|work=cecille.univ-lille.fr|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Nsah Mala dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọdịnihu nke ọgbọ na-esote (NGFP) na 2023 na School of International Futures na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] maka ọrụ na Congo Basin.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-09-28|title=Next Generation Foresight Practitioners announces its 2023 cohort of fellows|url=https://smallfoundation.ie/next-generation-foresight-practitioners-announce-its-2023-cohort-of-fellows/|accessdate=2023-10-11|work=Small Foundation}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ ide ihe ===
Nsah Mala dere egwuregwu mbụ ya n'afọ nke abụọ (Form Two) nke agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị na GSS Mbessa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Writers Space Africa|first=WSA|date=1 June 2018|title=WSA Africa Magazine June 2018|url=http://www.writersspace.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/writers-space-africa-june-edition-2018.pdf|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=12 September 2020|work=Writers Space Africa}}&lt;/ref&gt; O bipụtara nchịkọta uri mbụ ya nke akpọrọ Chaining Freedom na 2012 ma gaa n'ihu bipụta nchịkọta uri atọ ọzọ n'asụsụ Bekee na otu n'asụsụ French. O bipụtara akwụkwọ foto atọ na Cameroon na France ebe uri ya na akụkọ ya na-apụta na magazin na akwụkwọ akụkọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Remembering Big Bees in Mbesa|url=https://www.thetigermothreview.com/blog/remembering-big-bees|accessdate=31 August 2020|work=The Tiger Moth Review|date=10 July 2020|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=aslebr|title=Talking about Africa and the Environment: The Contemporary Poetry of Nsah Mala – ASLE Brasil|date=7 November 2019|url=http://asle-brasil.com/?p=1151&amp;lang=en|accessdate=31 August 2020|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Current Events {{!}} St Andrews Poetry Forum|url=https://poetryforum.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk/activities/current-seminars/|accessdate=31 August 2020|work=poetryforum.wp.st-andrews.ac.uk}}&lt;/ref&gt;   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This claim has too many footnotes for reading to be smooth. (September 2020)&quot;&gt;excessive citations&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

''Constimocrazy: Malafricanising Democracy'' (2017), nchịkọta uri ya nke anọ, nwetara nyocha. Nelson Mlambo kọwara ya na Tuck Magazine dị ka &quot;nkwupụta miri emi nke nkà Afro na onyinyo nke olu Afropolitan&quot;.  Global Arts and Politics Alliance (GAPA) kwuru na Nsah Mala &quot;na-echetara ndị ọchịchị aka ike na ha bụ ndị ka nta ma ha na-enwe ọganihu iji ndị mmadụ nweta ewu ewu ma rite uru site na ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mlambo|first=Nelson|date=18 January 2018|title='Constimocrazy: Malafricanising Democracy' by Nsah Mala: A Review – Tuck Magazine|url=http://tuckmagazine.com/2018/01/18/constimocrazy-malafricanising-democracy-review/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=30 August 2020|work=|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Chirasha|first=Mbizo|date=17 April 2018|title=The African Poet Patriot in Nsah Mala – Unpacking CONSTIMOCRAZY: Malafricanising Democracy|url=http://www.ga-pa.org/2018/04/17/the-african-poet-patriot-in-nsah-mala-unpacking-constimocrazy-malafricanising-democracy/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=30 August 2020|work=Global Arts and Politics Alliance}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2016, akụkọ mkpirikpi nke Nsah Mala &quot;Christmas Disappointment&quot; bụ otu n'ime ndị mmeri iri nke asọmpi nke Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka nka na Ọdịbendị nke Cameroon haziri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mala|first=Nsah|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BXMuswEACAAJ|title=Constimocrazy: Malafricanising Democracy|date=11 December 2017|publisher=Pski's Porch|isbn=978-0-9988476-6-5|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;   [isi iyi ka mma dị mkpa] Na Disemba 2016, akụkọ mkpirikpi ya &quot;Fanta from America&quot; nwetara aha pụrụ iche na asọmpi nke Bakwa Magazine haziri na Cameroon.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=admin|title=Bakwa Magazine Short Story Competition|date=4 May 2016|url=https://bakwamagazine.com/uncategorized/bakwa-magazine-short-story-competition/|accessdate=30 August 2020|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Poetry – Tuck Magazine|date=17 October 2017|url=http://tuckmagazine.com/2017/10/17/poetry-1056/|accessdate=31 August 2020|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Category: Nsah Mala|url=http://www.scarletleafreview.com/83/category/nsah-mala|accessdate=31 August 2020|work=SCARLET LEAF REVIEW|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 July 2017|title=Executive Mandates written by Nsah Mala at Spillwords.com|url=https://spillwords.com/executive-mandates/|accessdate=31 August 2020|work=Spillwords|language=en-US|archivedate=8 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308061023/https://spillwords.com/executive-mandates/}}&lt;/ref&gt;   [ihe odide gabigara ókè] Abụ French ya &quot;Servants de l'État&quot; nwetara &quot;mention spéciale du concours littéraire Malraux&quot; (France) na Disemba n'afọ 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ọ gara Caine Prize Writers' Workshop na Gisenyi, [[Rwanda]], na Machị 2018.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rwanda 2018|url=http://caineprize.com/rwanda-2018|accessdate=30 August 2020|work=The Caine Prize for African Writing|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge ọkọchị 2020, POW! Kids Books nwetara ikike ụwa (ewepu Africa) maka akwụkwọ foto mbụ nke Nsah Mala na North America nke akpọrọ What the Moon Cooks ka e bipụta ya n'oge opupu ihe ubi 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/childrens/childrens-book-news/article/83874-rights-report-week-of-july-13-2020.html|accessdate=30 August 2020|work=www.publishersweekly.com|title=Rights report}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

=== Nchịkọta abụ ===

* (fr) Ihe Ọjọọ, 2019,   
* (en) ''Constimocrazy: Malafricanising Democracy'', 2017,   
* (en) ''Ọ bụrụ na ị ga-ada Bush'', 2016,   
* (en) Bites of Insanity, 2015,   
* (en) Chaining Freedom, 2012,   

=== Akwụkwọ ụmụaka ===

* (en) Nyochaa ụda anụmanụ na obere nwa (NMI-Education, 2022) 
* (en) Andolo: onye nwere nkà Albino, 2020,   
* (fr) Andolo: onye nwere nkà, 2020,   
* (fr) Obere Gabriel malitere ịgụ, 2020,   
* (en) Little Gabriel Starts to Read, 2020, ISBN 978-1-942876-71-7

=== Akwụkwọ ndị edepụtara edepụtara ===

* (nke ya na Mbizo Chirasha jikọrọ aka dee) Corpses of Unity - Cadavres de l'unité, 2020,   
* (nke ya na Tendai Rinos Mwanaka jikọrọ aka dee) ''Best New African Poets 2019 Anthology'', 2020,   
* (nke ya na Tendai Rinos Mwanaka jikọrọ aka dee) Best New African Poets 2018 Anthology, 2018,   

=== Akụkọ ifo dị mkpirikpi ===

* &quot;Ọpụpụ,&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chris-brazier/redemption-song-and-other-stories/|title=REDEMPTION SONG AND OTHER STORIES {{!}} Kirkus Reviews|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''Abụ Mgbapụta na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ'', Caine Prize Anthology, 2018,   
* &quot;America na Midnight,&quot; Kalahari Review, 2017
* &quot;Stubborn Miniskirt,&quot; PAROUSIA Magazine, 2017

=== Ihe odide ===

* &quot;African Union: Climate Action na-enye Organisation Unique Chance for Revival,&quot;The Conversation, France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tevoedjre|first=Eric|date=2023-07-20|title=African Union: climate action offers organisation unique chance for revival|url=http://theconversation.com/african-union-climate-action-offers-organisation-unique-chance-for-revival-209718|accessdate=2023-10-11|work=The Conversation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;&quot;Ọrụ ihu igwe ọ nwere ike ime ka ọdịdị nke African Union?&quot; The Conversation, France. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Tevoedjre|first=Eric|date=2023-06-06|title=L'action climatique peut-elle redorer l'image de l'Union africaine ?|url=http://theconversation.com/laction-climatique-peut-elle-redorer-limage-de-lunion-africaine-206361|accessdate=2023-10-11|work=The Conversation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* &quot;Ụmụ ahụhụ na-apụ n'anya na ụwa na-anwụ anwụ: Na-atụgharị uche na ụmụ ahụhụ na ala na Mbessa (Cameroon),&quot; GeoSemantics na ASAP/Journal, 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mala)|first=Kenneth Nsah (Nsah|date=2023-09-25|title=GeoSemantics / Vanishing Insects &amp; Dying Earth: Reflecting on Insects &amp; Soil in Mbessa (Cameroon) / Kenneth Nsah (Nsah Mala)|url=https://asapjournal.com/geosemantics-vanishing-insects-dying-earth-reflecting-on-insects-soil-in-mbessa-cameroon-kenneth-nsah-nsah-mala/|accessdate=2023-10-11|work=ASAP/J|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Enweghị ihe dị ka akwụkwọ Afrịka,&quot; Kalahari Review, 2023.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Review|first=The Kalahari|date=2023-09-19|title=There is No Such Thing as African Literature|url=https://kalaharireview.com/there-is-no-such-thing-as-african-literature-6c8a1b03bbde|accessdate=2023-10-11|work=Medium|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;Akwụkwọ si na Congo Basin na-enye ụzọ isi dozie nsogbu ihu igwe,&quot; The Conversation, 2022.[https://theconversation.com/literature-from-the-congo-basin-offers-ways-to-address-the-climate-crisis-182357]
* &quot;Ọdịdị nke akwụkwọ ozi: ebe nchekwa akwụkwọ COVID-19 na-aga n'ihu na-eto eto,&quot; Corona Times, 2020.[https://www.coronatimes.net/covid19-literary-archive/]
* &quot;Nrụrụ aka a na-ekwu na ọ bụ nhọpụta agụmakwụkwọ na-eme ka Ph.D. nke Cameroon pụta ìhè,&quot; Times Higher Education, 2020.[https://www.timeshighereducation.com/opinion/alleged-corruption-academic-appointments-highlights-cameroons-phd-glut]
* &quot;Olee otu esi akọwa mkpakọrịta ihere nke ndị ntorobịa Africa maka ihu igwe?&quot; The Conversation, 2019.[https://theconversation.com/comment-expliquer-la-timide-mobilisation-de-la-jeunesse-africaine-pour-le-climat-118935]

=== Isiokwu ndị ọgbọ nyochara na isiakwụkwọ akwụkwọ ===

* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2023. &quot;Conserving Africa's Eden? Green Colonialism, Neoliberal Capitalism, and Sustainable Development in Congo Basin Literature&quot;. Humanities 12 (3): 38.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nsah|first=Kenneth Toah|date=June 2023|title=Conserving Africa's Eden? Green Colonialism, Neoliberal Capitalism, and Sustainable Development in Congo Basin Literature|journal=Humanities|language=en|volume=12|issue=3|pages=38|doi=10.3390/h12030038|issn=2076-0787}}&lt;/ref&gt; DOI: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://doi.org/10.3390/h12030038&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2023. &quot;Ụmụ anyị ga-alụ ọgụ maka ihu igwe: Otu ndị edemede Congo-Basin si buru amụma maka Global Youth Climate Movement. &quot; ''Electronic Green Journal'' 48 (2023). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Nsah|first=Kenneth Toah|date=2023|title=Our Children Will Fight for the Climate: How Congo-Basin Writers Prophesied Global Youth Climate Activism|url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88n2v0wv|journal=Electronic Green Journal|language=en|volume=1|issue=48|doi=10.5070/G314855358}}&lt;/ref&gt; URL: &lt;nowiki&gt;https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88n2v0wv&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2021. &quot;Ecopolitics nke mmetọ mmiri na ọgba aghara obodo na Congo-Basin Plays&quot;. Orbis Litterarum.[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/oli.12323]
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2021. &quot;The Return of Bush Fallers: Cameroon Anglophone Fiction Responds to Clandestine Immigration&quot;. Postcolonial Text, vol. 16 nke 1, peeji nke 1-24. [https://www.postcolonial.org/index.php/pct/article/view/2491]&amp;nbsp;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2020. &quot;Of Dogs, Horses and Buffalos in Cameroon: Companion Animals in Cameroonian Fiction. &quot; Na Reading Cats and Dogs: Companior Animals in World Literature, eds. F. Besson et al. Lanham: Lexington Books, peeji nke 169-188. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN&lt;978-1-7936-1106-2}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; [https://web.archive.org/web/20240831142650/https://rowman.com/ISBN/9781793611079/Reading-Cats-and-Dogs-Companion-Animals-in-World-Literature]&amp;nbsp;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2020. &quot;When Trees Scream&quot;. ''DRAMA - Nordic Drama Pedagogical Journal''.[https://www.idunn.no/drama/2020/02/when_trees_scream]
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah: 2019. &quot;The Screaming Forest: An Ecocritical Assessment of Le Cri de la forêt. &quot; Ecological In (ter) ventions in the Francophone World, eds. Anne-Rachel Hermetet na Stephanie Posthumus, mbipụta pụrụ iche nke ''Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment'', mpịakọta. 10, nke 2, peeji nke 58-75.[https://ecozona.eu/article/view/2962/3891]&amp;nbsp;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2018. &quot;'No Forest, No Water. No Forest, No Animals': An Ecocritical Reading of Ekpe Inyang's The Hill Barbers&quot; ''Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment'', vol. 9 nke 1, peeji nke 94-110.[https://ecozona.eu/article/view/1581]&amp;nbsp;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2017. &quot;Triple Marginality in Cameroon Anglophone Literature.&quot; Na ''Rewriting Pasts, Imagining Futures: Critical Explorations of Contemporary African Fiction and Theatre'', eds. Victor Gomia na Gilbert Ndi. Colorado: Spears Media Press, peeji nke 96-110.  . [https://web.archive.org/web/20210726105936/https://spearsmedia.com/shop/rewriting-pasts/]&amp;nbsp; 
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2016. &quot;Cameroon Prọfesọ Publish: Azịza nye Nwanatifu Nwaco's 'Cameroon: Prọfesors without Publications.'&quot; Voice of Research, vol. 5 no. 2, peeji nke 53-59. [http://voiceofresearch.org/Doc/Sep-2016/Sep-2016_13.pdf]&amp;nbsp;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2016. &quot;La metamorphose chez Kafka et Darriussecq: Une étude comparaire&quot;. 7, peeji nke 33-52.&amp;nbsp;
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2015. &quot;Eco-cultural Sensitivity in John Nkengasong's Njogobi Festival and Nol Alembong's Forest Echoes&quot;. ''Journal of English Language, Literature and Culture (JELLiC) '', mpịakọta. 4 nke 1, peeji nke 37-58.  . [https://www.amazon.com/JELLiC-Journal-English-Language-Literature/dp/1523331593/ref=sr_1_5?dchild=1&amp;keywords=JELLiC&amp;qid=1627296639&amp;sr=8-5]&amp;nbsp; 
* Nsah, Kenneth Toah. 2015. &quot;Black Prophesies on White Soils and Ears: A Reading of Joyce Ashuntantang's 'The Clairvoyant.'&quot; Modern Research Studies, mpịakọta. 2 nke 3, peeji nke 502-514.&amp;nbsp;

== Hụkwa ==

* Bernard Fonlon
* Bate Bessong
* Mungo Beti
* Imbolo Mbue
* John Nkemngong Nkengasong
* Patrice Nganang
* Joyce Ashuntantang
* [[:fr:Mbesa|Mbesa]]
* [[Mbessa language|Mbessa]]

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* Tanure Ojaide na Joyce Ashuntantang, Routledge, 29 Eprel 2020 ( )  
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nsah, Mala}}
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'''Mounira Chapoutot''' (Arabic; 27 Eprel 1942 - 22 Ọktoba 2023) bụ onye Tunisia ọkà mmụta na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ onye ọkachamara na Middle Ages .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Tiss|first=Mohsen|date=23 October 2023|title=Décès de professeure Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi|url=https://www.tunisienumerique.com/deces-de-professeure-mounira-chapoutot-remadi/|language=French|work=Tunisie Numérique|accessdate=25 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Amụrụ na 27 Eprel 1942, Chapoutot bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Tunis wee duzie ngalaba akụkọ ihe mere eme na ngalaba nke Human and Social Sciences nke Tunis [fr]. Ọ duziri akwụkwọ akụkọ Les Cahiers de Tunisie [fr] wee duzie ọmụmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na École normale supérieure de Tunis [fr].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudeditions.com/fr/auteur/mounira-chapoutot-remadi|title=Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi|work=Sud Éditions|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chapoutot bụ onye otu Tunisian Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.espacemanager.com/tunisie-liste-des-membres-de-beit-al-hikma.html|title=Tunisie - Liste des membres de Beit al-Hikma|work=Espace Manager|language=French|accessdate=2024-09-22|archivedate=2017-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812023622/https://www.espacemanager.com/tunisie-liste-des-membres-de-beit-al-hikma.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;ma chịkwaa ngalaba sayensị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.[1] Ọ bụkwa onye otu akwụkwọ akụkọ Al-Qantara [es] na onye otu kọmitii nke Prix Zoubeida Bchir [fr].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.credif.org.tn/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=50&amp;lang=ar-AA|title=لجنة متابعة جائزة زبيدة بشير|work=Credif|language=Arabic|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224221616/http://www.credif.org.tn/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=50&amp;lang=ar-AA|archivedate=24 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu ndị ọka ikpe maka COMAR d'Or ma na-ahụ maka nchebe thesis maka nzere masta na nke doctoral dị iche iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dhaouadi|first=Amel Douja|date=29 April 2019|title=Mounira Chapoutot Remadi (Membre du Jury): «Les Comar d’or sont d’une grande aide pour les écrivains»|url=https://lapresse.tn/4988/mounira-chapoutot-remadi-membre-du-jury-les-comar-dor-sont-dune-grande-aide-pour-les-ecrivains/|language=French|work=[[La Presse de Tunisie]]|accessdate=25 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kpọrọ ya ka ọ kụzie ihe na Mahadum Pantheon-Sorbonne, Mahadum Lyon, na Institut français des études arabes.

Mounira Chapoutot nwụrụ na 22 Ọktoba 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ 81. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Habaieb|first=Taoufik|date=23 October 2023|title=Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi, l’historienne et la militante qui nous quitte|url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/35276-mounira-chapoutot-remadi-l-historienne-et-la-militante-qui-nous-quitte|language=French|work=Leaders|accessdate=25 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị e ji mara ya ==

* Onye isi nke National Order of Merit nke Tunisia (2007) &lt;ref name=&quot;CV&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.beitalhikma.tn/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/CV-de-la-Professeure-Mounira-Chapoutot-Remadi.pdf|title=Chapoutot-Remadi : CV|work=Beit al-Hikma Foundation|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye isi nke Ordre des Palmes académiques (2006) &lt;ref name=&quot;CV&quot; /&gt;
* Ihe nrite Ibn Khaldun (2016) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=24 May 2016|title=Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi, lauréate avec Abdelwahab Meddeb du Prix Ibn Khaldûn 2016|url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/19818-mounira-chapoutot-remadi-laureate-avec-abdelwahab-meddeb-du-prix-ibn-khaldun-2016|language=French|work=Leaders|accessdate=25 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=21 May 2016|title=Les Prix Ibn Khaldun 2016 remis le 27 mai à Tunis|url=https://kapitalis.com/tunisie/2016/05/21/les-prix-ibn-khaldun-2016-remis-le-27-mai-a-tunis/|language=French|work=Kapitalis|accessdate=25 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite nke Union of Arab Archaeologists (2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=|first=|date=13 October 2020|title=Pr Mounira Chapoutot-Remadi, lauréate du Trophée de l’Union des archéologues arabes|url=https://www.leaders.com.tn/article/30727-pr-mounira-chapoutot-remadi-laureate-du-trophee-de-l-union-des-archeologues-arabes|language=French|work=Leaders|accessdate=25 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

* ''1492 na Mediterenian'' (1992) 
* ''Njikọ na mmekọrịta n'etiti ndị isi Mamlūke n'okpuru ndị eze Baḥrides mbụ'' (1993).
* Ụzọ nke ihe ọmụma na Tunisia: oge ndị dị mkpa n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Tunisia (1995) 
* Na nzọụkwụ nke Ibn Khaldoun (2006) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sudeditions.com/fr/livre/sur-les-pas-d-ibn-khaldoun-90|title=Sur les pas d'Ibn Khaldoun|work=Sud Éditions|language=French}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ebe ndị agha gara na Mediterenian: Jean-Léon onye Africa na Mustapha nke Six-Fours '' (2007) 
* Musوعة القيروان (2010) 

== Ihe odide ==
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Elizabeth Asiedu bụ prọfesọ nke akụnụba na Mahadum Kansas.[1] Ọ kwadowo nyocha nke gbadoro ụkwụ na enyemaka mba ofesi, itinye ego na mba ofesi eduzi (FDI), na okike. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Association for the Advancement of African Women (AAAWE), [2] yana onye isi oche nke nzukọ ugbu a. Asiedu bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Journal of African Development.

== Mmụta ==
Asiedu nwetara nzere nke mbụ ya, B.S. (Hons) na sayensị kọmputa na mgbakọ na mwepụ na Mahadum Ghana na 1988. Ọ gara n'ihu nata akara mmụta M.S. na mgbakọ na mwepụ (1992), otu M.S. na akụnụba (1994), na PhD na akụnụba (1998) sitere na Mahadum Illinois na Urbana-Champaign. . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNU-MERIT » African women in the Economics profession|url=https://www.merit.unu.edu/events/event-abstract/?id=1069|accessdate=2020-06-08|language=en-US|archivedate=2015-09-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150919073436/https://www.merit.unu.edu/events/event-abstract/?id=1069}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Kemgbe 2021, Asiedu abụrụla onye prọfesọ nke akụnụba na Mahadum Howard, ebe ọ na-akụzi ma mmụta mahadum na nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ.[1] Site na 2012 ruo 2021, Asiedu bụ prọfesọ nke akụnụba na Mahadum Kansas. Asiedu bụkwa onye isi oche na onye nduzi nke ọmụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ngalaba akụ na ụba na Mahadum Kansas site na 2007 ruo 2009. Ọ na-anọdụ na bọọdụ nke African Finance Economic Association (AFEA), [2] bụ onyeisi oche nke nzukọ n'etiti 2011 na 2013, ma bụrụ osote onye isi ala n'etiti 2007 na 2010.[2] Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ Journal of African Development (JAD) n'etiti 2017 na 2018.[2] Dr. Asiedu bụkwa onye nchoputa na onye isi oche nke Association for the Advancement of African Women (AAAWE).[2] Ọ nọ ọdụ na bọọdụ nke National Economic Association n'etiti 2016 na 2019.[3] Asiedu bụ onye otu ndị a;

* Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Nnyocha Ụwa, Global Development Network, [[Ndia|India]], Ọktoba 2011 - Ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://people.ku.edu/~asiedu/cv.html|title=Elizabeth Asiedu - Professor of Economics, The University of Kansas|work=people.ku.edu|accessdate=2019-11-26|archivedate=2015-08-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825205527/http://people.ku.edu/~asiedu/cv.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Distinguished External Reference Group, The African Capacity Building Foundation, [[Zimbabwe]], Eprel 2012 - Ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Onye otu kọmitii kọmitii mba ụwa nwere ndị ọkà mmụta anọ iji mee nyocha afọ iri nke Mahadum United Nations / World Institute of Development and Economic Research (UNU / WIDER), [[Finland]], Mee 2010-Jenụwarị 2011 &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;

== Nnyocha na akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

=== ''Inweta ego site na obere azụmaahịa: Olee otú agbụrụ, agbụrụ, na okike dị mkpa?'' (2012) ===
N'isiokwu a, Asiedu, James A. Freeman, na Akwasi Nti-Addae na-enyocha ọrụ agbụrụ, agbụrụ, na okike na ohere ego. Nnyocha ha na-ekewa agbụrụ na agbụrụ n'ime ndị a: Black, Hispanic, Asian/Native American/Pacific Islander (ANP), White female, na White male.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Asiedu|first=Elizabeth|date=2012|title=Access to Credit by Small Businesses: How Relevant Are Race, Ethnicity, and Gender?|journal=American Economic Review|volume=102|issue=3|pages=532–537|doi=10.1257/aer.102.3.532|issn=0002-8282}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ha na-achọpụta na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ndị a na-ahụ anya nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ndị na-agọnahụ ya na ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndị Hispanic. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọnụego ịgọnahụ arịwo elu n'etiti afọ 1998 na 2003.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; N'ikpeazụ, ha chọpụtara na ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere mmadụ ole na ole kwụrụ ụgwọ dị elu karịa ụlọ ọrụ ndị White-nwoke. N'ihe gbasara okike, ha chọpụtara na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ụmụ nwanyị ọcha enweghị ịkpa ókè mgbe ha na-enweta ego, ha na-akwụkwa obere ego ha ji ụgwọ karịa ndị nwoke ibe ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; Nnyocha ha na-egosi na ihe ndị dị ka agbụrụ, agbụrụ na okike na-emetụta n'ezie ịnweta ụgwọ na ọmụrụ nwa a kwụrụ na mgbazinye ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;

=== ''Enyemaka Mba Ọzọ Na agụmakwụkwọ Na-akwalite Ọganihu Akụ na Ụba?'' (2014) ===
Akwụkwọ &quot;Ọ bụ enyemaka mba ọzọ na agụmakwụkwọ na-akwalite uto akụ na ụba? Ihe akaebe sitere na mpaghara Sahara Africa&quot; na-enyocha ma enyemaka mba ọzọ a na-achọ maka agụmakwụkwọ dị irè na agụmakọta praịmarị na agụmakọ sekọndrị na mpaghara Sahara Afrịka. Nnyocha Asiedu lekwasịrị anya na mba 38 site na 1990 ruo 2004. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Asiedu|first=Elizabeth|date=Spring 2014|title=Does Foreign Aid In Education Promote Economic Growth? Evidence From Sub-Saharan Africa|journal=Journal of African Development|volume=16|issue=1|pages=37–59|doi=10.5325/jafrideve.16.1.0037}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na enyemaka ego agụmakwụkwọ nwere njikọ dị mma na uto (n'ihi na ọ na-enye ihe ndị dị ka akwụkwọ, ọzụzụ maka ndị nkuzi, wdg) nke a bụ naanị maka agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ainsworth|first=M.|date=1996-01-01|title=The Impact of Women's Schooling on Fertility and Contraceptive Use: A Study of Fourteen Sub-Saharan African Countries|journal=The World Bank Economic Review|volume=10|issue=1|pages=85–122|doi=10.1093/wber/10.1.85|issn=0258-6770}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enyemaka ego agụmakwụkwọ na agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị, n'aka nke ọzọ, anaghị enye aka na uto akụ na ụba, n'eziokwu ọ nwere ike inwe mmetụta ọjọọ na uto. Nke a bụ n'ihi enweghị ọrụ maka ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị (nke ọ na-atụ aro na ọ bụ eziokwu n'ọtụtụ mba dị na Sub-Saharan Africa), &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; ọ na-enye echiche na ihe ọzọ mere nke a nwere ike ịbụ eziokwu bụ enweghị agụmakwụkwọ sekọndndrị dị mma (dị ka oge a na-etinye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ enweghị uru).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Al-Samarrai|first=Samer|date=2007|title=Where has all the education gone in sub-Saharan Africa? employment and other outcomes among secondary school and university leavers|journal=The Journal of Development Studies|volume=43|issue=7|pages=1270–1300|doi=10.1080/00220380701526592|issn=0022-0388|url=https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/128/1/MPRA_paper_128.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, ọ na-ekwu na nke a nwere ike ịbụ eziokwu n'ihi na ọtụtụ ndị gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụpụta ihe dị ala, si otú a na-ebelata ikike maka uto akụ na ụba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Stein|first=Howard|date=1994|title=Theories of institutions and economic reform in Africa|journal=World Development|volume=22|issue=12|pages=1833–1849|doi=10.1016/0305-750x(94)90177-5|issn=0305-750X}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ikpeazụ, ọ na-ekwu na enweghị isi ego na &quot;ihe ndị ọzọ na-akwado&quot; na Sub-Saharan Africa nke ga-agba ume ịrụ ọrụ na-arụpụta ihe na mpaghara ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== ''Mmetụta nke HIV / AIDS na itinye ego na mba ọzọ'' (2015) ===
N'akwụkwọ &quot;The Impact of [[HIV/AIDS]] on Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa,&quot; Asiedu n'akụkụ Jin na Kanyama na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti HIV/AIDS na itinye ego na mba ọzọ (FDI) pụta ìhè. Ha na-enyocha nke a na mba iri anọ na otu dị na mpaghara Sahara Africa ma ihe nlereanya ha kwubiri na FDI nwere njikọ dị iche na mgbasa nke nje HIV / AIDS maka ọtụtụ ihe; otu n'ime ha bụ na ndị ọrụ nwere ahụike na-arụpụta ihe karịa, ụlọ ọrụ mba dị iche iche (MNCs) na-achọ iguzobe onwe ha na mpaghara Sahara Afrịka ga-atụle ahụike nke ndị mmadụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Asiedu|first=Elizabeth|date=2015|title=The impact of HIV/AIDS on foreign direct investment: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa|journal=Journal of African Trade|volume=2|issue=1–2|pages=1–17|doi=10.1016/j.joat.2015.01.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Asiedu|first=Elizabeth|date=2002|title=On the Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment to Developing Countries: Is Africa Different?|journal=World Development|volume=30|issue=1|pages=107–119|doi=10.1016/s0305-750x(01)00100-0|issn=0305-750X}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ahụike nke ndị ọrụ dị mkpa n'ihi na ọ na-emetụta enweghị ọrụ ma si otú a rụpụta ihe n'ozuzu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Grossman|first=Michael|date=1972|title=On the Concept of Health Capital and the Demand for Health|journal=Journal of Political Economy|volume=80|issue=2|pages=223–255|doi=10.1086/259880|issn=0022-3808}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nke abụọ, ihe nlereanya ha na-atụ aro na ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-emetụta HIV / AIDS (ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọrịa na ọnwụ nke nwere ike imetụta ndị ọrụ ibe ha na-ebuteghị ọrịa). Ha na-achọpụta na ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-ebute ọrịa ga-akwalite FDI, ma si otú a kwalite mmepe akụ na ụba na Sub-Saharan Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== ''Ego e zigara na itinye ego na agụmakwụkwọ'' (2015) ===
Akwụkwọ &quot;Remittances and Investment in Education: Evidence from Ghana&quot; na-enyocha remittances (ma mba ụwa ma nke obodo) na Ghana, na otu ha si emetụta ohere nke ndebanye aha na agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị na nke sekọndrị. Asiedu na Kwabena Gyimah-Brempong na-arụ ụka na mmụba nke ego a na-eziga na mba ndị na-emepebeghị emepe (LDCs) dịka Ghana abụghị naanị na ọ nwere mmetụta dị mma na GDP (na-eme ihe dị ka 5.5% nke GDP Ghana na 2011 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Gyimah-Brempong|first=Kwabena|date=2015-02-17|title=Remittances and investment in education: Evidence from Ghana|journal=The Journal of International Trade &amp; Economic Development|volume=24|issue=2|pages=173–200|doi=10.1080/09638199.2014.881907|issn=0963-8199}}&lt;/ref&gt;), mana nke a na-enye ohere ka ezinụlọ ndị nọ na Ghana tinye ego na isi obodo mmadụ ka ọ na-eme ka nsogbu ego dị mfe. Tụkwasị na nke a, akwụkwọ a na-ekwu na mmetụta a na-ahụkarị mgbe nwanyị na-eduzi ezinụlọ ahụ, nakwa na mmụba nke itinye ego na isi obodo mmadụ na-eme ka e belata ịda ogbenye ogologo oge na Ghana. Akwụkwọ ahụ na-eji data gafere agafe site na Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS) site na ebili mmiri 5,  yana data pseudo-panel sitere na ebili ikuku GLSS 3-5 &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/nada/index.php/catalog/5|title=Ghana - Ghana Living Standard Survey 5: 2005, With Non-Farm Household Enterprise Module|work=www2.statsghana.gov.gh|accessdate=2019-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; ya mere nwere nnukwu ebe nyocha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/nada/index.php/catalog/12|title=Ghana - Ghana Living Standards Survey 3 -1991, Third round|work=www2.statsghana.gov.gh|accessdate=2019-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www2.statsghana.gov.gh/nada/index.php/catalog/14|title=Ghana - Ghana Living Standard Survey 4 - 1998, With labour force model|work=www2.statsghana.gov.gh|accessdate=2019-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt; Asiedu na Gyimah-Brempong na-eji data a nyochaa data ahụ na ihe nlereanya mgbochi ihe onwunwe.

=== ''Ntinye ego na mba ọzọ, akụrụngwa, na ọrụ na mpaghara Sahara Africa'' (2015) ===
N'akwụkwọ akụkọ &quot;Foreign Direct Investment, Natural Resources, and Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa,&quot; Asiedu, Komla Dzigbede na Akwasi Nti-Addae nyochaa ịrị elu nke mmepụta mmanụ na na Sub-Saharan Africa na mmetụta ya na mba ọzọ kpọmkwem itinye ego FDI, ha na-ede akwụkwọ na-ajụkwa mmetụta nke FDI na Sub-Saharan Africa.[1] Ha na-atụ aro na ọ bụ ezie na FDI nwere ike bụrụ ihe dị mkpa na-enyere aka n'ịkwalite akụ na ụba na Sub-Saharan Africa, ọganihu akụ na ụba a na-enwetakarị site na ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche (MNCs) na-emepụta dịka ụlọ ọrụ ndị a na-akwụkarị ndị ọrụ ha ụgwọ ọrụ dị elu karịa ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ.[2][3]. Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-eji Tullow Oil, plc dị ka ihe atụ iji gosi na mpaghara na-eto eto na-emepụta mmanụ n'ụwa nakwa iji nyochaa ọrụ MNCs FDI n'ihe gbasara mmepe na ọganihu akụ na ụba na Sub-Saharan Africa. Ọzọkwa, ha na-ekwusi ike na ikike ịkwalite uto akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ mmepe na-adabere na ụdị FDI - FDI n'ichepụta na-emepụta ọtụtụ ọrụ karịa FDI na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dị ka mmanụ.[3] Na mgbakwunye, ndị ode akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na ihe ịga nke ọma nke FDI na-adaberekwa n'ihe ndị ọzọ dị ka ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ na mba enyere, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe siri ike karị ị nweta uru n'ezie na FDI n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Africa at a Fork in the Road: Taking Off or Disappointment Once Again?|author=Asiedu|first=Elizabeth|publisher=Yale Center for the Study of Globalization|year=2015|isbn=978-0-9779922-1-8|editor=Zedillo|location=New Haven, USA|pages=395–414}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye ==

* Kemper Teaching Award, 2008, Mahadum nke Kansas &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot;/&gt;
* Byron Shutz Award for Excellence in Teaching, 2008, Mahadum nke Kansas &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Onyinye Nwanyị nke Ịdị Mma, 2008, Mahadum nke Kansas &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Onyinye Onye Nkụzi Nwanyị pụtara ìhè, 2003, Mahadum nke Kansas &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Onyinye nkuzi nke Mahadum Illinois PanHellenic Council, 1996 &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* American Association of University Women (AAUW) Fellowship, 1995-1996 &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Statistics for Social Science Research Network (SSRN) dị ka nke June 2017 &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Emerging Scholar Award, 2007, nke Diverse nyere: Issues in Higher Education. Ihe nrite mba niile, na-asọpụrụ ngalaba ndị ka nta na agụmakwụkwọ; onyinye 10 kwa afọ &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Fulbright Specialist Scholar List, November 2008 - Ugbu a &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;
* Big XII Fellowship, August 2008-June 2009 &lt;ref name=&quot;ku-profile&quot; /&gt;

== Edemsibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>MzGee</title>
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      <text bytes="6109" sha1="qnnm1c0gau09clbj80e3mmfg85aoebo" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox}} 

Gloria Akpene Nyarku (nke a na-akpọkarị MzGee) bụ onye mgbasa ozi Ghana, onye nta akụkọ na onye mgbasa ozi.[1][2][3][4][5] Ọ nọbu na Multimedia Group na ihe ngosi ngosi dị ka Mentor na ShowBuzz na TV3 na 3FM n'okpuru Media General.[1] [6] [7] N'afọ 2019, ekwuru na ọ bụ onye mbụ na naanị nwanyị so na bọọdụ 3 Music Awards.[8] Na Machị 2021, ọ so na ụmụ nwanyị iri atọ kacha nwee mmetụta na egwu site na 3Music Awards Women's Brunch. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Amaarae, Cina Soul, Gyakie, Adina, Theresa Ayoade, others named in 3Music Awards' Top 30 Women in Music list - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/amaarae-cina-soul-gyakie-adina-theresa-ayoade-others-named-in-3music-awards-top-30-women-in-music-list/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ mgbasa ozi ya na 2005 na Eagle FM na CCTU. Na 2008, o mesịrị kwagara Skyy TV na Pravda redio. Ọ gbara aka na mmemme eziokwu na TV3 akpọrọ Hottest Host n'oge ụbọchị ozi mba ya. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ya na TV3 tupu ọ gaa n'ihu agụmakwụkwọ na GIMPA. Ọ sonyeere Multimedia na 2014 wee bụrụ onye otu panel ma mesịa kwado ihe ngosi Campus na ezumike ụbọchị na Hitz FM.[1] Na 2018, o bidoro ihe ngosi TV akpọrọ Gee Spot na Joy Prime wee soro ya MzVee, KiDi, Ben Brako na ndị ọzọ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-06-22|title=MzGee Unveils Gee Spot On Joy Prime|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/mzgee-unveils-gee-spot-on-joy-prime/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, ọ hapụrụ Multimedia &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-01|title=MzGee resigns from Multimedia Group|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/MzGee-resigns-from-Multimedia-Group-795328|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee sonye na Media General ebe ọ bụ onye na-elekọta ''ShowBuzz'' ugbu a yana onye na-egosi na onye na-emepụta na TV3 na 3FM. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-27|title=MzGee explains why she left Multimedia Group for Media General|url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/entertainment/mzgee-explains-why-she-left-multimedia-group-for-media-general.html|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=Prime News Ghana|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-06-29|title=&quot;There were too many bitter people&quot; …MzGee on why she left Multimedia|url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/there-were-too-many-bitter-people-mzgee-on-why-she-left-multimedia/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=The Chronicle Online|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-azọrọ na ọ kpuchiri ọtụtụ mmemme dịka Ghana Music Awards na African Movie Academy Awards . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-11-02|title=MzGee resigns from Multimedia Group|url=https://www.theghanareport.com/mzgee-resigns-from-multimedia-group/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=The Ghana Report|language=en|archivedate=2023-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006233041/https://www.theghanareport.com/mzgee-resigns-from-multimedia-group/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe afọ abụọ gachara na Media General, ụlọ ọrụ nne na nna nke TV3 kwupụtara arụkwaghịm MzGee na nkwupụta mgbasa ozi wepụtara na Ọktoba 15, 2021.

== Onyinye ==

* Onye na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ TV nke Afọ, Ghana Arts and Entertainment Awards 2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nartey|first=Laud|date=2020-11-01|title=MzGee crowned Best TV Entertainment presenter of the year|url=https://3news.com/mzgee-crowned-best-tv-entertainment-presenter-of-the-year/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=3news|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ Raymond Acquah n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2017. Di na nwunye ahụ bụbu ndị ọrụ ibe ha na Multimedia Group.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mensah|first=Jeffrey|date=2020-07-10|title=TV3 presenter, MzGee, flaunts her handsome husband in latest photos|url=https://yen.com.gh/162609-mzgee-tv3-presenter-flaunts-husband-raymond-acquah-birthday-photos.html|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MzGee, Raymond Acquah 'secretly' tie knot - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/mzgee-raymond-acquah-secretly-tie-knot/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-10-09|title=MORE: MzGee And New Hubby Release Official Wedding Photos|url=https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/10/09/mzgee-new-hubby-release-official-wedding-photos/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=GhanaCelebrities.Com|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013165700/https://www.ghanacelebrities.com/2017/10/09/mzgee-new-hubby-release-official-wedding-photos/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-10-06|title=First Photo!! Multimedia's MzGee And Raymond Acquah Are Married Now|url=https://www.nydjlive.com/first-photo-multimedias-mzgee-and-raymond-acquah-are-married-now/amp/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=NY DJ Live|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2025, MzGee mara ọkwa na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta na ha gbara alụkwaghịm afọ abụọ gara aga ma rịọ ka a kpọọ ha Gloria Akpene Nyarku kama Gloria Akpene Nayku-Acquah.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2025-02-27|title=MzGee confirms divorce from Raymond Acquah - Ghana Weekend|url=https://ghanaweekend.com/2025/02/27/mzgee-confirms-divorce-from-raymond-acquah/|accessdate=2025-02-27|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Arụmụka ==
N'ọnwa Julaị 2020, ọ gbara onye ọka iwu aha ya bụ Maurice Ampaw ajụjụ ọnụ maka ebubo o kwuru banyere ezinụlọ Castro. Ọkaiwu ahụ kọwara ajụjụ ya dị ka 'ihe nzuzu' ma mesịa yie egwu iburu ya. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-18|title=[Audio] &quot;Foolish questions,&quot; Lawyer Maurice Ampaw loses cool, hangs up during live radio interview|url=https://www.universnewsroom.com/entertainment/audio-foolish-questions-lawyer-maurice-ampaw-loses-cool-hangs-up-during-live-radio-interview-over-allegations-that-castros-family-is-poor/|accessdate=2021-03-17|work=Radio Univers 105.7FM|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Mustafa Basim</title>
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      <text bytes="3944" sha1="m7zjwr4jg4yat63u9os8bbwb0udhqel" xml:space="preserve">'''Mustafa Basim''' (amuru na [[13 Juun|June 13]], 2001) (مصطفي باسم :Arabic) bu onye omere si [[Ifako-Ijaiye|Iraq]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mustafa Basim: An Emerging Voice in Digital Content Creation|url=https://apnews.com/press-release/kisspr/mustafa-basim-8dd0f355f036a6f88f7e613ee9a0629b|work=AP News|date=2025-03-31|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mustafa Basim: A Visionary Digital Content Creator|url=https://ipsnews.net/business/2025/04/04/mustafa-basim-a-visionary-digital-content-creator/|work=Business|date=2025-04-04|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=en-US|author=Busines Newswire}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Databox}}

== ndụ onwe onya ==
Mustafa Basim mụrụ na Baghdad, [[Ifako-Ijaiye|Iraq]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mustafa Basim: Crafting a Digital Space Where Stories and Quotes Speak to the Soul|url=https://www.newsbreak.com/goldwebseo-321016324/3959039488793-mustafa-basim-crafting-a-digital-space-where-stories-and-quotes-speak-to-the-soul|work=NewsBreak|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ nwere mmasị ịmepụta ọdịnaya kemgbe ọ bụ nwata, na nke a bụ ihe kpaliri ya ịmepụta ọdịnaya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=مصطفى باسم يقدم نصائح الحفاظ على المحتوى التراث الثقافي للهوية العربية|url=https://www.masrawy.com/news/news_egypt/details/2024/11/4/2669451|work=مصراوي.كوم|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa, na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta ọdịnaya, ọ na-enwe mmasị ịgụ omenala na akwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=صانع المحتوى مصطفى باسم يكشف تحديات 2025 للثقافة والهوية العربية للحفاظ على التراث|url=https://royanews.tv/news/346515|work=رؤيا الإخباري|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ nka ya ==
Mustafa Basim malitere ọrụ ya ịmụta na ịgụ banyere omenala na akwụkwọ n'afọ [[2015]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=مصطفى باسم: &quot;ستوريات اقتباسات خلفيات&quot; مشروع ثقافي رقمي يركّز على نشر مواد بصرية وأدبية موجهة للجمهور العربي|url=https://www.gomhuriaonline.com/Gomhuria/1616181.html|work=الجمهورية اون لاين|date=2025-04-16|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee malite ibipụta ya na ibe ọrụ ya na 2020,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ندوة تثقيفية في بيوت شباب الإسماعيلية حول أهمية الحفاظ على التراث الثقافي العربي|url=https://www.elbalad.news/6539885|work=صدى البلد|date=2025-04-11|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=ar-eg}}&lt;/ref&gt; wee nweta nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma wee kpebie ịga n'ihu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=صانع المحتوى مصطفى باسم يكشف عن السمات الثقافية والحفاظ على الهوية العربية|url=https://www.ngmisr.com/arab-news/opinion/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85-%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%81-%D8%B9%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%89-%D8%A7|work=www.ngmisr.com|date=2025-04-05|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=ar}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ kacha mkpa ==
Na mmalite nke 2022, e mepụtara ọwa na Telegram nke a na-akpọ bụ nke nwetara nnukwu ihe ịga nke ọma na ọtụtụ ndị na-ekiri ya sochiri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=مصطفى باسم: صانع محتوى يعيد رسم ملامح الثقافة البصرية في العالم العربي|url=https://www.alwafd.news/5577812|work=بوابة الوفد الإلكترونية|date=2025-04-05|accessdate=2025-04-16|language=ar-eg}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:BasimChannel.jpg|thumb|Official Channel]]

== Edemsibịa ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20260208171135/https://mustafabasim.com/ Official Website]
* [https://t.me/MM_RRQ Official Telegram Channel]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Moses Bliss</title>
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      <text bytes="15633" sha1="mpdiksaher7bz131p4srd57psfu4gm0" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Nigerian gospel singer (born 1995)}}
{{use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}

[https://web.archive.org/web/20250323230333/https://mosesbliss.com/ Website]{{Infobox musical artist
| name              = Moses Bliss
| image             = File:Moses Bliss.jpg
| alt               = 
| caption           = 
| birth_name        = Moses Uyoh Enang
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1995|02|20|df=y}}
| birth_place       = [[Abuja]], Nigeria
| origin            = [[Akwa Ibom State]], Nigeria
| genre             = {{Flatlist|
* [[Contemporary worship music|Contemporary worship]]
* [[Urban contemporary gospel|contemporary gospel]]
}}
| occupation        = {{Flatlist|
* cooking (no true evidence)
* songwriter
* worship leader
* record label owner
}}
| instrument        = {{Flatlist|
* trumpet×
* piano
* drums
* guitar
}}
| years_active      = 2017–present
| label             = Tizzy Nation, Spotlite Nation
| spouse            = {{marriage|Marie Wiseborn|2024}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/c72g9ey47lno | title=Moses Bliss wedding: Highlights from Marie Wiseborn and di gospel singer ceremony from Nigeria to Ghana | date=28 February 2024 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| website           = Https://mosesbliss.com
}}

'''Moses Uyoh Enang''' (born 20 February 1995), popularly known as '''Moses Bliss''', is a Nigerian gospel singer, worship leader and songwriter. He is the founder of Spotlite Nation, a Nigerian record label.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Gospel artist Moses Bliss unveils record label, signs four artistes |work=The Nation Newspaper |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/gospel-artist-moses-bliss-unveils-record-label-signs-four-artistes/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bliss released his first single in January 2017 titled &quot;E No Dey Fall My Hand&quot; and rose to prominence with the 2019 song &quot;Too Faithful&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Moses Bliss: His Music and Story |url=https://pianity.com/moses-bliss |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=pianity.com |language=en |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426125239/https://pianity.com/moses-bliss }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-04-06 |title=Spotify lists top 10 Nigerian gospel songs for Easter |url=https://punchng.com/spotify-lists-top-10-nigerian-gospel-songs-for-easter/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2020, he won the Loveworld International Music and Arts Award (LIMA 2020) by [[Chris Oyakhilome]] for his song &quot;You I Live for&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Adbbe |first=Gabriele |date=2020-11-29 |title=Here are the winners of LIMA 2020 |url=https://www.pastorchrisoyakhilomeevents.com/here-are-the-winners-of-lima-2020/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Pastor Chris Oyakhilome Events |language=en-US |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=13 December 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241213050042/https://www.pastorchrisoyakhilomeevents.com/here-are-the-winners-of-lima-2020/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Tribune |date=2020-12-02 |title=All You Need to Know About Pastor Chris Oyakhilome's LIMA Awards 2020 |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/all-you-need-to-know-about-pastor-chris-oyakhilomes-lima-awards-2020/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Tribune Online |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Career ==
=== Music ===
Moses Bliss started to show interest in music from a very young age. By the age of 5, he was already learning and playing musical instruments. Later on, he joined the choir at Believers' Loveworld church.

Moses Bliss officially started his music career in 2017 with the debut single &quot;E No Dey Fall My Hand&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Man |first=The New |title=Biography of Minister Moses Bliss |url=https://www.thenewman.org.ng/2022/07/biography-of-minister-moses-bliss.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=The New Man}}&lt;/ref&gt; In 2019, he released the song ‘Too Faithful’ and followed it up in 2020 with the single ‘Bigger Everyday’.&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2020-06-29 |title=Moses Bliss - Bigger Everyday ft (Festizie, Membrane, Uwa, Chris Heavens and Temple) |url=https://worshippersgh.com/audio-moses-bliss-bigger-everyday-ft-festizie-membrane-uwa-chris-heavens-and-temple/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=WorshippersGh |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; His first album &quot;Too Faithful&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=MOSES BLISS RELEASES DEBUT ALBUM “TOO FAITHFUL” |url=http://www.godlyrics.com.ng/2023/04/MOSES-BLISS-RELEASES-DEBUT-ALBUM-TOO-FAITHFUL.html |access-date=2024-07-03}}&lt;/ref&gt; was released in May 2021 and comprised 13 tracks including &quot;Taking Care&quot;, &quot;Perfection&quot; and &quot;E No Dey Fall My Hand&quot;. In February 2023, he released his sophomore album titled &quot;More Than Music (Transcendent Worship&quot;, also comprising 13 tracks.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Oluwatoye |first=Dara |date=2021-08-31 |title=Nigeria's Rising Gospel Star Moses Bliss Is Taking On The Global Stage |url=https://thenet.ng/nigerias-rising-gospel-star-moses-bliss-is-taking-on-the-global-stage/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

In October 2021, he was signed by &quot;[[Symphonic Distribution]]&quot;, a music distribution company in [[Florida]], United States.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-10-02 |title=Symphonic signs Moses Bliss in global distribution deal |url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/weekend-beats/symphonic-signs-moses-bliss-in-global-distribution-deal/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2021-08-30 |title=Symphonic signs Moses Bliss in global distribution deal |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/symphonic-signs-moses-bliss-in-global-distribution-deal/lf97pgy |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=17 March 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240317114025/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/symphonic-signs-moses-bliss-in-global-distribution-deal/lf97pgy }}&lt;/ref&gt; In February 2023, he unveiled his record label Spotlite Nation and signed four artists: Chizie, Festizie, Doris Joseph, and Grace Lokwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Asough |first=Aveseh |date=2023-02-09 |title=Gospel singer Moses Bliss floats label, signs four artistes |url=https://21stcenturychronicle.com/gospel-singer-moses-bliss-floats-label-signs-four-artistes/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=21st CENTURY CHRONICLE |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Admin |date=2023-03-14 |title=25th edition of Harvest Praise hosts Don Moen and Moses Bliss on Good Friday |url=https://worshippersgh.com/25th-edition-of-harvest-praise-hosts-don-moen-and-moses-bliss-on-good-frida/ |access-date=2023-05-15 |website=WorshippersGh |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Every year Bliss holds a musical concert.  This concert is known as Bliss Experience.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-05-10 |title=&quot;The Bliss Experience&quot;: Moses Bliss Preps for First Major Concert {{!}} May 16 {{!}} GMusicPlus.com |url=https://www.gmusicplus.com/moses-bliss-preps-for-first-major-concert-the-bliss-experience-live-in-abuja-may-16-2021/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dekolo |first=Jolomi |date=2024-03-28 |title=Gospel Minister Moses Bliss Set For Bliss Experience Tagged &quot;The Home Coming&quot; In Akwa Ibom |url=https://selahafrik.com/2024/03/bliss-experience-akwa-ibom/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |work=SelahAfrik |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-11 |title=Moses Bliss Shuts Down London As Thousands Gather For Worship Experience {{!}} Independent Newspaper Nigeria |url=https://independent.ng/moses-bliss-shuts-down-london-as-thousands-gather-for-worship-experience/ |access-date=2024-04-02 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Business ===
Moses Bliss has a clothing brand in [[Abuja]] Nigeria known as Shades of Bliss. This brand produces classical wears for males.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Personal life ==
In January 2024, Moses Bliss announced his engagement to Ghanaian London-based lawyer, Marie Wiseborn.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Stephen |first=Onu |date=2024-01-20 |title=Meet Moses Bliss' Ghanaian fiancée Marie Wiseborn |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/660641-meet-moses-bliss-ghanaian-fiancee-marie-wiseborn.html |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Premium Times Nigeria |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Iwalaiye |first=Temi |date=2024-01-22 |title=5 dating hacks from Moses Bliss and Marie Wiseborn's engagement |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/5-dating-hacks-from-moses-bliss-and-marie-wiseborns-engagement/decer73 |access-date=2024-01-23 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Moses Bliss  married Marie Wiseborn on 3 March 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Reporters |first=Our |date=2024-03-03 |title=Moses Bliss, Marie Wiseborn tie the knot in classy wedding |url=https://punchng.com/moses-bliss-marie-wiseborn-tie-the-knot-in-classy-wedding/ |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Ikeke |first=Nkem |date=2024-03-03 |title=&quot;Aww&quot;: Moses Bliss, wife cut giant cake at reception, share No of kids they want |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1581724-moses-bliss-marie-wiseborn-celebrate-white-wedding-gorgeous-giant-cake-fans-admire/ |access-date=2024-03-03 |website=Legit.ng - Nigeria news. |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Moses Bliss and Marie Wiseborn welcomed their first child, a boy in January, 2025, two months before their first wedding anniversary.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Temitope |date=2025-03-03 |title=Moses Bliss celebrates first wedding anniversary with wife, Marie |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2025/03/moses-bliss-2/ |access-date=2025-03-05 |website=Vanguard Allure |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Discography ==

=== Albums ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Year Released
!Title
!Details 
!Ref
|-
|''May 2021''
|''Too Faithful''
|
* Number of Tracks: 13
* Formats: Streaming, digital download
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Too Faithful by Moses Bliss {{!}} Album |url=https://www.afrocharts.com/album?id=2e5332fb0b |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Afrocharts |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=SONGS |first=LOVEWORLD |date=2022-11-08 |title=Too Faithful Album by Moses Bliss » LOVEWORLD SONGS |url=https://blwsongs.net/too-faithful-album-by-moses-bliss/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=LOVEWORLD SONGS |language=en-US |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426135335/https://blwsongs.net/too-faithful-album-by-moses-bliss/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|''January 2023''
|More Than Music (Transcendent Worship)
|
* Number of Tracks: 13
* Formats: Streaming, digital download
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |title=More Than Music (Transcendent Worship) by Moses Bliss |date=2023-01-27 |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/more-than-music-transcendent-worship/1658316993 |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-GB |archive-date=26 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426130753/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/more-than-music-transcendent-worship/1658316993 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Singles ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Year
!Title
!Album
!Ref
|-
|2017
|E No Dey Fall My Hand
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Too faithful
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=S9 |first=DJ Valentino |date=2021-05-19 |title=Moses Bliss – E No Dey Fall My Hand |url=https://www.six9ja.com/moses-bliss-e-no-dey-fall-my-hand/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Six9ja |language=en |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426152718/https://www.six9ja.com/moses-bliss-e-no-dey-fall-my-hand/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|Too Faithful
|
|-
|2020
|You I Live For
|
|-
|2020
|Bigger Everyday
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Non-album single
|&lt;ref name=&quot;Admin&quot;/&gt;
|-
|2021
|Miracle
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Mix |first=Pulse |date=2021-09-24 |title=Moses Bliss, Festizie &amp; Chizie drop a new AfroGospel hit titled 'Miracle' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/moses-bliss-festizie-and-chizie-drop-a-new-afrogospel-hit-titled-miracle/3jx2q0d |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|Grateful
|
|-
|2022
|Royalty
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2023
|Mercy
&lt;small&gt;featuring [[Sunmisola Agbebi]] &amp; [[Jerry Eze|Pastor Jerry Eze]]&lt;/small&gt;
|
|
|-
|Jesus Oh
featuring [[Ebukasongs|Ebuka Songs]]
|
|
|}

== Videography ==
* Daddy Wey Dey Pamper (2023)
* Miracle No Dey Tire Jesus (2023)
* Marvelous God (2023)
* Taking Care (remix featuring [[Mercy Chinwo]]) (2022)
* Count On Me (2022)
* Never Seen (2022) 
* I Prepare (2022)
* Ima Mfo (2022)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021-07-05 |title=Moses Bliss Delivers &quot;Ima Mfo&quot; (Live) {{!}} GMusicPlus.com |url=https://www.gmusicplus.com/moses-bliss-delivers-ima-mfo-live/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Taking Care (2021)
* Jesus is Here (2021)
* In Your Hands (2021)
* Too Faithful (2020)
* E No Dey Fall My Hand (2019)
* Carry Am Go (2024)

== Awards and nominations ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Year
!Award
!Category
!Result
!Ref
|-
|2020
|Loveworld International Music and Arts Award (LIMA 2020)
|Best Song of the Year 
&quot;You I live For&quot;
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=qNw1UHSvtX |title=See Who Made the Best Songs of 2020 List at LIMA Awards {{!}} Christ Embassy |url=https://christembassy.org/see-who-made-the-best-songs-of-2020-list-at-lima-awards/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Oyakhilome splashes $100,000 on Moses Bliss for winning LIMA award - P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/11/28/oyakhilome-splashes-100000-on-moses-bliss-for-winning-lima-award/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2021
|CLIMA Africa Awards 
|Gospel Song of the Year
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CLIMA 2021: Moses Bliss Wins Gospel Song Of The Year Awards |url=https://www.thechristianfeeds.com/2021/09/clima-2021-moses-bliss-wins-gospel-song.html |access-date=2023-04-26 |accessdate=30 April 2025 |archivedate=26 April 2023 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230426134221/https://www.thechristianfeeds.com/2021/09/clima-2021-moses-bliss-wins-gospel-song.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Gospel Touch Music Awards
|Breakthrough Artist Of The Year
|{{won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=nairadiary |date=2021-12-08 |title=GUC, Moses Bliss, Win Breakthrough Artist Of The Year At Gospel Touch Music Awards |url=https://nairadiary.com/guc-moses-bliss-win-breakthrough-artist-of-the-year-at-gospel-touch-music-awards/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=Naira Diary |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2022
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |CLIMA Africa Awards 
|Africa Male Gospel Artist of the Year
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-07 |title=Aity Dennis, Sinach, Mercy Chinwo, Others To Headline CLIMA Africa Awards 2022 On Sunday - The Lagos Today |url=https://thelagostoday.com/aity-dennis-sinach-mercy-chinwo-others-to-headline-clima-africa-awards-2022-on-sunday/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Africa Gospel Songwriter of the Year
|{{nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Opeoluwa |first=Desalu |date=2022-09-24 |title=CLIMA Africa Awards 2022 Hits Lagos - Peterson Okopi, Moses Bliss &amp; More Billed To Minister |url=https://www.selahafrik.com/2022/09/clima-africa-awards-2022/ |access-date=2023-04-26 |website=SelahAfrik |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|Africa Inspirational Song of the Year
|{{nom}}
|
|-
|Africa Gospel Songwriter of the Year
|{{nom}}
|
|}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bliss, Moses}}
[[Category:21st-century Nigerian male singers]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Nigerian gospel singers]]
[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1995]]</text>
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    <title>Ezra 7</title>
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Ezra 7 bụ isi nke asaa nke Akwụkwọ Ezra n’ime Testament Ochie nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ Ndị Kraịst, [1] ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ Ezra-Nehemaịa na Akwụkwọ Nsọ Hibru, nke na-ewere akwụkwọ Ezra na akwụkwọ Nehemaịa dịka otu akwụkwọ. [2] Omenala ndị Juu na-ekwu na Ezra bụ onye dere Ezra-Nehemaịa yana Akwụkwọ nke Ihe E Mere, [1] ma ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a na-anabatakarị na onye nchịkọta akụkọ sitere na narị afọ nke ise TOA (onye a na-akpọ “Ihe E Mere”) bụ onye ikpeazụ dere akwụkwọ ndị a. [4] Akụkụ nke nwere isi 7 ruo nke 10 na-akọwakarị ọrụ Ezra bụ́ odeakwụkwọ na onye nchụàjà [5] Isiakwụkwọ a na-elekwasị anya n’ozi Ataksakses nke Mbụ nke Peasia nyere Ezra, na mmalite njem ya site na Babilọn ruo Jerusalem.

== Ihe odide ==
E kewara isiakwụkwọ a n’amaokwu iri abụọ na asatọ. Ihe odide mbụ nke amaokwu 1-11 dị n'asụsụ Hibru, [2] amaokwu 12-26 dị n'Aramaic [3] na amaokwu 27-28 dịkwa n'asụsụ Hibru ọzọ.

=== Ndị akaebe ederede ===
Ụfọdụ ihe odide ndị mbụ nwere ihe odide nke isiakwụkwọ a n’asụsụ Hibru/Aramaic bụ nke Masoret, bụ́ nke gụnyere Codex Leningradensis (1008).

E nwekwara nsụgharị n’asụsụ Grik Koine nke a maara dị ka Septuagint, nke e mere na narị afọ ole na ole gara aga TOA. Ihe odide ochie nke ụdị Septuagint gụnyere Codex Vaticanus (B; GB; narị afọ nke anọ), na Codex Alexandrinus (A; BA; narị afọ nke ise).

Otu akwụkwọ Gris oge ochie a na-akpọ 1 Esdras (Grik: Έσδρας Α’) nke nwere akụkụ ụfọdụ nke 2 Ihe E Mere, Ezra na Nehemaịa gụnyere n’ihe ka ọtụtụ ná mbipụta Septuagint, e debekwara ya n’ihu otu akwụkwọ Ezra-Nehemaịa (nke a kpọrọ n’asụsụ Grik: “Έσδρ-΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄΄ις 8) bụ Esra na 8. nke kwekọrọ na Ezra 7 (N'ọchịchị Ataksakses).[5][6]

== Ezra nwoke na ọrụ ya (7:1-10) ==
Akụkụ nke a na-ewebata Ezra, bụ́ onye nchụàjà na onye ozizi ji okpukpe kpọrọ ihe nke Iwu Mosis, onye ndú nke ìgwè ndị Juu ọzọ hapụrụ Babilọn gaa Jerusalem n’oge ọchịchị Ataksakses, bụ́ eze Peshia, si otú ahụ na-awụpụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri isii nke akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere afọ ndị fọdụrụ nke Darayọs na ọchịchị nile nke Xerxes. [17] Ihe nketa nke Ezra nyere ndị nchụàjà (amaokwu 1-5, cf. 1 Ihe E Mere 6) jikọtara ya na ndị nchụàjà ukwu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme (nke bụ́ Finehas, Eleeza, na Erọn bụ́ ndị isi nchụàjà) iji kwado ikike ya, tupu ya ewepụta ofufe ya na iguzosi ike n’ezi ihe (amaokwu 6). [17] Amaokwu nke 7-10 nwere nchịkọta nke njem Ezra

=== Amaokwu 1-6 ===

: 1 Ma mb͕e ihe ndia gasiri, n'ọbubu-eze Ataksakses, bú eze Peasia, Ezra nwa Seraya, nwa Azaraia, nwa Hilkaia, 2 nwa Shalum, nwa Zedok, nwa Ahitub, 3 nwa Amaraia, nwa Azaraia, nwa Meraiot, 4 nwa Zerakia, nwa Buzaya, 4 nwa Zerakia, nwa Buhaki, 5 Buzaya nwa Bukia, 5 Buzaya nwa Buhaki, 5 Buzaya nwa Bukia, 5 nwa Buhaki, 5 Buzaya nwa Buhakia, 1 nwa Zerakia, 5 Buzaya nwa Buhaki, 13 nwa Shalum, Zerakia, Hikia, Hikia, 5 Buhakia, Zerakia, Zerakia, Zerakia, Zerakia, Zerakia, Zerakia. Abishua nwa Finehas, nwa Eleeza, nwa Eron, bú onye-isi-nchu-àjà: 6 Ezra a we si na Babilon rigo. Ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ nke maara Iwu Mozis nke Jehova bụ́ Chineke Izrel nyere. N'ihi na aka Jehova, bú Chineke-ya, di n'aru ya, eze we nye ya aririọ-ya nile.

* “Odeakwụkwọ”: Ezra bụ “onye ozizi” nke maara Iwu Mozis nke ọma, bụ́ nke “Jehova, bụ́ Chineke Izrel” nyere.  Okwu ahụ bụ &quot;onye nkuzi&quot; nwekwara ike ịsụgharị dị ka &quot;odeakwụkwọ&quot;, na-egosi &quot;onye nwere nkà n'ọmụmụ ihe, omume, na nkuzi nke Torah&quot;.  Ọnọdụ a nwetara mkpa n'ime obodo nke mba ọzọ ma nwekwuo mmetụta site n'oge [[Jisọs Kraịst|Jizọs]].  Ihe kacha jara Ezra mma bụ na ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nwere nkà nke Pentateuch na onye na-akụzi iwu ya nke ọma, ya mere e nyere ya ọrụ n’ihi na ọchịchị Peshia chọrọ ime ka Jeruselem na Judia guzosie ike dị ka obodo ụlọ nsọ, ma nye ndị Juu ọbịbịa ya bụ “nzọụkwụ ọzọ dị oké mkpa” iji soro nmecha nke ụlọ nsọ ahụ wee guzobe “okpukpe dị ọcha dị ka Iwu Mozis kwuru.”  Eze enyewo Ezra ihe ọ bụla ọ jụrụ, ọ bụ ezie na o doghị anya ihe ọ rịọrọ, ma okwu ahụ na-egosi na ụlọikpe Peshia ji ya kpọrọ ihe.  Ka o sina dị, 'mkpebi siri ike nke ngọzi na ikpe dị n'ebe Chineke nọ'.

=== Amaokwu nke 7 ===

: Ufọdu nime umu [[Israel]], na nime ndi-nchu-àjà, na ndi Livai, na ndi-ọbù-abù, na ndi-ọnu-uzọ-ama, na ndi Netinim, we rigo na Jerusalem n'arọ nke-asa nke Ataksakses, bú eze.

* Nethinim&quot;: A class subordinate to the Levites mentioned in the books of Ezra and Nehemiah (Ezra 2:43; 2:58; 2:70; 7:24; 8:17; 8:20; Nehemiah 3:26; 3:31; 7:46; 7:60; 7:73; 10:28; 11:3; 11:21) na naanị otu ugboro n’ebe ọzọ (1 Ihe E Mere 9:2); “Ndi-orù Solomon” (Ezra 2:55) n’ije ozi nke Ụlọ Nsọ. Aha ahụ na-egosi “e nyere” ọdịnala ndị Juu na-akọwapụtakwa ha karịsịa ndị Gibiọn, bụ́ ndị Jọshụa kenyere ndị Livaị ka ha nyere ha aka n’ịrụ ọrụ ndị dị ala karị (Joshua 9:3-27).
* Afọ nke asaa nke Ataksakses&quot;: kwekọrọ na 458 BC.

=== Amaokwu nke 8 ===

: ''Ọ bịakwara Jeruselem n'ọnwa nke ise, nke bụ n'afọ nke asaa nke eze.''

* &quot;Ọnwa nke ise&quot;: ọnwa Ab (Assyrian: ''Abu''), kwekọrọ n'ọnwa August. 

=== Amaokwu nke 9 ===

: N'ihi na n'ubọchi mbu nke ọnwa mbu ka ọ malitere isi na Babilon rigo, ma n'ubọchi mbu nke ọnwa nke-ise ka ọ biaruru Jerusalem, dika ezi aka Chineke-ya si di n'aru ya.

Ezra ekpebisiwo ike ịpụ (“gbago”) n’ụbọchị mbụ nke ọnwa mbụ (Nisan; Asiria: Nisanu, akụkụ nke March na April), ma ihe àmà na-egosi na nzụkọ ahụ na ìgwè ya weere ọnọdụ n’ụbọchị nke itoolu nke otu ọnwa ahụ, njem ahụ malitekwara n’ezie n’ụbọchị nke 12 (cf. Ezra 8:15 , 18, 18, n’ọnwa Niisan, 31, n’ime ọnwa atọ, na nke ikpeazụ nke ọnwa Naịsan 31). na Tamuz; n'ihe dị ka ụbọchị 108 niile. [10] Ebe dị anya site na Babịlọn ruo Jeruselem karịrị narị kilomita ise, ma n’ịgbaso ụzọ ọdịnala, ndị njem Ezra kwesịrị iji njem dị ogologo gaa na Kakemish iji zere ógbè ọzara, n’ihi ya, ọ pụrụ isiri nnọọ ka njem ahụ erughị kilomita 900 (cf. Ezra 8:32)

== Ọrụ Eze (7:11-26) ==
Akụkụ nke a, bụ́ nke e dere n’Aramaic, dekọrọ otú Artaxerxes, bụ́ eze Peshia, si nye Ezra ‘akwụkwọ ozi nke ọrụ, ikike, na nkwado nakwa ihe ndị na-agaghị emeli’ maka njem na ozi o jere Jerusalem.

=== Verse 12 ===

: Ataksakses, bú eze ndi-eze, nēdegara Ezra onye-nchu-àjà, ode-akwukwọ nke iwu Chineke nke elu-igwe: Udo zuru okè, na ihe ndia.

* &quot;Udo zuru oke&quot;: site na Aramaic; &lt;ref name=&quot;ez7_12h&quot;&gt;[https://biblehub.com/text/ezra/7-12.htm Hebrew Text Analysis: Ezra 7:12]. Biblehub&lt;/ref&gt; ma eleghị anya ekele. 
* &quot;Na ihe ndị ọzọ&quot; site na Aramaic: metreת, ū-ʹa-'e-neṯ.&lt;ref name=&quot;ez7_12h&quot; /&gt;

== Otuto Ezra (7:27-28) ==
Amaokwu abụọ ikpeazụ (n’asụsụ Hibru) bụ ihe ncheta Ezra n’onwe ya bụ́ ebe o toro ndokwa, nlekọta, na ịdị mma nke Chineke, bụ́ nke ghọrọ isi iyi nke obi ike maka njem dị n’ihu. 

== Hụkwa ==

* Artaxerxes nke Mbụ
* [[Jerusalem]]
* Akụkụ [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ|Bible]] ndị metụtara ya: 1 Ihe E Mere 6, Nehemaịa 8

== Ihe edeturu ==
Kemgbe 1947 ihe odide Aleppo Codex dị ugbu a na-efunahụ akwụkwọ Ezra-Nehemaịa dum. [10]
b. Codex Sinaiticus dị adị nwere naanị Ezra 9:9-10:44.

== Ntụaka ==
1. ↑ Babylonian Talmud Baba Bathra 15a, apud Fensham 1982, p. 2
2.1 Rịba ama gon Ezra 6:19 na NKJV: “Asụsụ Hibru maliteghachiri na Ezra 6:19 wee na-aga n’ihu ruo 7:11”.

3.1 Rịba ama bon Ezra 7:12 na NKJV: “Asụsụ mbụ nke Ezra 7:12-26 bụ Aramaic”.

4.1 Rịba ama ion Ezra 7:27 na NKJV: “Asụsụ Hibru maliteghachiri na Ezra 7:27.

5. 1 Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma Katọlik. Esdras: AKWỤKWỌ ESDRAS: III Esdras

6. 1 Akwụkwọ nkà ihe ọmụma ndị Juu: Esdras, Akwụkwọ nke: | Esdras

{{Reflist}}7. 1 Ezra 7:1-6 MEV

8. 1 Ezra 7:7 KJV

9. Cambridge Bible maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji.

10. 1 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Cambridge Bible maka ụlọ akwụkwọ na kọleji.

11. Ezra 7:8 KJV

12. + Ezra 7:9

13. + Ezra 7:12 NKJV

14. 1 14.0 14.1 Nyocha ederede Hibru: Ezra 7:12

15. Dere [a] na Ezra 7:12 na ESV

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* Fensham, F. Charles (1982). Akwụkwọ nke Ezra na Nehemaịa. Nkọwa ụwa ọhụrụ banyere Agba Ochie (ederede e sere ese). Wm. B. Eerdmans na-ebipụta. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0802825278&lt;/nowiki&gt;. eweghachiri October 28, 2019.
* Grabbe, Lester L. (2003). &quot;Ezra&quot;. Na Dunn, James D. G.; Rogerson, John William (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible (ederede e gosiri). Wm. B. Eerdmans na-ebipụta. p. 313-319. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0802837110&lt;/nowiki&gt;. eweghachiri October 28, 2019.
* Halley, Henry H. (1965). Halley’s Bible Handbook: nkọwa Bible mbiri nkenke (nke 24 (nke edegharịrị) ed.). Ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ Zondervan. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-310-25720-4&lt;/nowiki&gt;.
* Larson, Knute; Dahlen, Kathy; Anders, Max E. (2005). Anders, Max E. (ed.). Nkọwa nke Testament Ochie Holman - Ezra, Nehemaịa, Esta. Nkọwa nke Testament Ochie Holman. Vol. 9 (edemede e gosipụtara). Otu nbipụta B&amp;H. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0805494693&lt;/nowiki&gt; eweghachiri October 28, 2019.
* Levering, Matiu (2007). Ezra na Nehemaya. Brazos Theological Commentary na Akwụkwọ Nsọ. Brazos Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-1587431616&lt;/nowiki&gt;. eweghachiri October 28, 2019.
* McConville, J. G. (1985). Ezra, Nehemaya, na Esta. Ọmụmụ Baịbụl kwa ụbọchị: Agba Ochie. Westminster John Knox Press. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0664245832&lt;/nowiki&gt;. eweghachiri October 28, 2019.
* Smith-Christopher, Daniel L. (2007). &quot;15. Ezra-Nehemaịa&quot;. Na Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). Okwu nkọwa Bible nke Oxford (nke mbụ (akwụkwọ azụ) ed.). Mahadum Oxford Press. 308-324. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 978-0199277186&lt;/nowiki&gt;. Eweghachitere Febụwarị 6, 2019.
* Würthwein, Ernst (1995). Ederede nke Testament Ochie. Rhodes tụgharịrị ya, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdman. &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 0-8028-0788-7&lt;/nowiki&gt;. eweghachite Jenụwarị 26, 2019.

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* [https://books.google.com/books?id=3PvirfZkfvQC &lt;nowiki&gt;[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]&lt;/nowiki&gt;]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=m1V1DeBS6P0C Blenkinsopp, Joseph, &quot;Okpukpe ndị Juu, nke mbụ&quot; (Eerdmans, 2009)]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=qRw7AAAAIAAJ Coggins, R.J., &quot;The Books of Ezra and Nehemiah&quot; (Cambridge University Press, 1976)]
* [http://www.ronaldecker.com/ezra.html Ecker, Ronald L., &quot;Ezra na Nehemiah&quot;], Ecker's Biblical Web Pages, 2007.
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=S2MSzgZ8DMMC Grabbe, L.L., &quot;Ezra-Nehemiah&quot; (Routledge, 1998)]
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=xRS8P0RDXeoC Pakkala, Juha, &quot;Ezra onye odeakwụkwọ: mmepe nke Ezra 7-10 na Nehemiah 8&quot; (Walter de Gryter, 2004)] *[https://books.google.com/books?id=VK2fEzruIn0C Grabbe, L.L., &quot;Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Juu na okpukpe ndị Juu n'oge ụlọ nsọ nke abụọ, Mpịakọta 1&quot; (T&amp;T Clark, 2004)] 
* [https://books.google.com/books?id=VI1bMiMXLs0C Throntveit, Mark A. (1992) &quot;Ezra-Nehemaya&quot;. John Knox Press]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Nsụgharị [[Judaism|Ndị Juu]]:
** [https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16504 Ezra - Isi nke 7 (Judaica Press)] nsụgharị [na nkọwa Rashi] na Chabad.org
* Nsụgharị [[Efefe Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]]:
** Bible Online na GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 
** [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=15&amp;chapter=7&amp;version=9 Akwụkwọ Ezra Isi nke 7. Ọnụ Ụzọ Bible]</text>
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    <title>Nnamdi Ezechi</title>
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'''Nnamdi Ezechi''' bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria. Ọ nọchitere anya Ndokwa East/Ndokwa West/Ukwuani Federal Constituency na Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=10th National Assembly Members - Voter - Validating the Office of the Electorate on Representation|url=https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Ezechi-Nnamdi-1807|accessdate=2024-12-27|work=orderpaper.ng|archivedate=2024-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227170251/https://orderpaper.ng/voter/10th-national-assembly-member?id=Ezechi-Nnamdi-1807}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citizen Science Nigeria|url=https://citizensciencenigeria.org/public-offices/persons/nnamdi-ezechi|accessdate=2024-12-27|work=citizensciencenigeria.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Green Chamber Nigeria - The 10th Assembly, Nigeria House of Representatives|url=https://thegreenchamber.ng/public/directory/details/114|accessdate=2024-12-27|work=thegreenchamber.ng|archivedate=2024-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241227170251/https://thegreenchamber.ng/public/directory/details/114}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Nnamdi Ezechi na 28 November 1979 na Okpai Kingdom, Delta State. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
Na afọ 2023, a họpụtara ya n'okpuru ikpo okwu nke Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) ka onye na-anọchite anya Ndokwa East/Ndokwa West/Ukwuani Federal Constituency, na-anọchi Ossai Nicholas Ossai..&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Edensibịa. ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]

== Ebensidee ==

{{Reflist}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Ezechi, Nnamdi}}</text>
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    <title>Muhammad Ali Pate</title>
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| honorific_prefix    = 
| honorific_suffix    = {{post-nominals|country=NG|OON|size=100%}}
| image               = File:Ali Pate Nigeria.jpg
| caption             = Nigeria's Minister of Health and Social Welfare
| office              = [[Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria)|Minister of Health and Social Welfare]]
| term_start          = 21 August 2023
| term_end            = 
| president           = [[Bola Tinubu]]
| 1blankname          = Minister of State
| 1namedata           = [[Iziaq Adekunle Salako]]
| predecessor         = [[Osagie Ehanire]]
| successor           = 
| office1             = [[Federal Ministry of Health (Nigeria)|Minister of State for Health]]
| termstart1          = 14 July 2011
| termend1            = 23 July 2013
| president1          = [[Goodluck Jonathan]]
| minister1           = [[Onyebuchi Chukwu]]
| predecessor1        = 
| successor1          = 
| office2             = Executive Director and Chief Executive Officer of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency of Nigeria
| termstart2          = 14 November 2008
| termend2            = 11 July 2011
| predecessor2        = 
| successor2          = 
| birth_date          = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1968|9|6}}
| birth_place         = [[Misau]], [[Northern Region, Nigeria|Northern Region]] (now in [[Bauchi State]]), Nigeria
| death_date          = 
| death_place         = 
| party               = [[All Progressives Congress]]
| alma_mater          = {{plainlist|
*[[Ahmadu Bello University]]
*[[University of Rochester Medical Center]]
*[[Duke University]]
*[[University College London]]
*[[London School of Hygiene &amp; Tropical Medicine]]
}}
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|physician}}
}}

'''Muhammad Ali Pate''' (amụrụ na Septemba 1968 na Misau, ugbu a na Bauchi State) bụ dọkịta na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naịjirịa. Ọ nwetara asambodo site n'aka ndị otu Amerịka na ngalaba ahụike dị n'ime na ọrịa ndị na-efe efe. A họpụtara ya dị ka Minista Ahụike na Ọdịmma Mmekọrịta nke Naịjirịa na 2023. Tupu ọ malite ọrụ, ọ bụ prọfesọ nke ndu ahụike ọha na eze na Ngalaba Ahụike na Ọnụọgụgụ Mmadụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na Mahadum Harvard..Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Global Financing Facility (GFF) maka ụmụ nwanyị, ụmụaka, na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma na World Bank Group . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ọtụtụ mpaghara maka World Bank Group malite na 2000.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Health Nutrition and Population Global Director, Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/m/muhammad-ali-pate|accessdate=2025-05-07|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Early life and education ==
A mụrụ Pate na 6 Septemba 1968 ma zụlite ya na mpaghara ugwu nke Misau, ugbu a Bauchi steeti, Naịjirịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot; /&gt; Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ banyere na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello dị na Kaduna State. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị akara ugo mmụta ahụike ya, ọ kwagara Gambia wee rụọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ndị dị n'ime ime obodo. O mechara bụrụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe na Mahadum Rochester Medical Center. 

Pate gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum College London, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; na-enweta nzere masta na Health System Management site na London School of Hygiene &amp;amp;amp; Tropical Medicine, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=Management Sciences for Health|accessdate=2025-12-10|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323151927/https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/}}&lt;/ref&gt; na MBA na Health Sector Concentration site na Mahadum Duke.

== Ọrụ ==
Before his appointment to the [[National Primary Health Care Development Agency (Nigeria)|National Primary Health Care Development Agency]] (NPHCDA) in 2008, Pate had a 10-year career at the World Bank, where he led health sector reform programs in Africa, East Asia, and other  regions.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; He held senior positions, such as Senior Health Specialist, Human Development Sector Coordinator for the East Asia/Pacific Region, and Senior Health Specialist for the African Region.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=Management Sciences for Health}}&lt;/ref&gt; He initiated a public-private partnership to replace a national referral hospital in [[Lesotho]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Health Nutrition and Population Global Director, Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/m/muhammad-ali-pate|accessdate=2025-01-04|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pate jere ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke [[National Primary Health Care Development Agency (Nigeria)|National Primary Health Care Development Agency]] nke Naịjirịa, &lt;ref name=&quot;NYT&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dugger|first=Celia W.|authorlink=Celia W. Dugger|date=12 April 2010|title=A Campaign Shows Signs of Progress Against Polio|work=[[The New York Times]]|page=4|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/world/13polio.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDugger2010&quot;&gt;[[Celia W. Dugger|Dugger, Celia W.]] (12 April 2010). &lt;span class=&quot;id-lock-subscription&quot; title=&quot;Paid subscription required&quot;&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/world/13polio.html &quot;A Campaign Shows Signs of Progress Against Polio&quot;]&lt;/span&gt;. ''[[The New York Times]]''. p.&amp;nbsp;4.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;  ma mesịa bụrụ Minista nke Naịjarịa maka ahụike na July 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=Management Sciences for Health}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na 24 Julaị 2013 iji nweta prọfesọ na Duke University Global Health Institute.   &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Health Nutrition and Population Global Director, Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/m/muhammad-ali-pate|accessdate=2025-01-04|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201905200001.html|title=Nigeria: World Bank Appoints Prof Pate Global Director|date=20 May 2019|work=Daily Trust|accessdate=9 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Health Nutrition and Population Global Director, Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/m/muhammad-ali-pate|accessdate=2025-05-07|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mechara bụrụ Chief Executive Officer nke Big Win Philanthropy na dị ka Global Director for Health, Nutrition, and Population.    &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=Management Sciences for Health|accessdate=2025-12-10|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323151927/https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-02-24|title=The facts speak for themselves on Jonathan's administration by Reno Omokri|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/02/the-facts-speak-for-themselves-on-jonathans-administration-by-reno-omokri/|accessdate=27 April 2022|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 June 2021|title=Muhammad Ali Pate {{!}} Global Director, Health, Nutrition and Population {{!}} Director, Global Financing Facility for Women, Children and Adolescents (GFF)|url=https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/muhammad-ali-pate|accessdate=28 April 2022|work=blogs.worldbank.org|archivedate=8 May 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508054629/https://blogs.worldbank.org/team/muhammad-ali-pate}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stephen|first=John|date=19 August 2023|title=Meet Muhammad Ali Pate, Nigeria Health Minister|url=https://healthtelescope.org/meet-muhammad-ali-pate-nigeria-health-minister/|accessdate=20 August 2023|work=Health Telescope|archivedate=6 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206113119/https://healthtelescope.org/meet-muhammad-ali-pate-nigeria-health-minister/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=24 July 2013|title=Muhammed Pate, Minister of State resigns|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/07/muhammed-pate-minister-of-state-resigns/|accessdate=27 April 2022|work=Vanguard}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2022, Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari nyere Pate utu aha Commander of the Order of the Niger (CON), ya na ndị Naijiria 447 ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Febụwarị 2023, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke [[GAVI]]&quot; id=&quot;mwmg&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;GAVI&quot;&gt;Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=Management Sciences for Health}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Minista nke Ahụike na Ọdịmma Ọha ==
[[Bola Tinubu|President Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] appointed Pate in August 2023 as Nigeria's Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare. During his tenure, Pate has announced initiatives related to healthcare delivery and social welfare programs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; His tenure has focused on addressing healthcare accessibility and social welfare challenges, especially in light of Nigeria's population of more than 220 million .&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-12-27|author=Abujah|first=Rachael|title=We are Revolutionizing Nigeria's Healthcare|url=https://sciencenigeria.com/we-are-revolutionising-nigerias-healthcare-system-setting-an-african-benchmark-pate/|accessdate=2025-02-07|work=Science Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pate's policies have addressed issues including healthcare accessibility, poverty, and literacy.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-11-04|author=Samuel|first=Edward|title=National Health Leaders Commit To Unified Health Sector|url=https://von.gov.ng/national-health-leaders-commit-to-a-unified-path-for-health-sector-progress/|accessdate=2025-02-07|work=Voice of Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2025-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250207083059/https://von.gov.ng/national-health-leaders-commit-to-a-unified-path-for-health-sector-progress/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Pate elekọtawo mgbanwe na National Health Insurance Authority nke Naijiria, gụnyere mbọ iji gbasaa mkpuchi na ibelata ụgwọ nlekọta ahụike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2023 na 2024, ọ lekọtara ndokwa nlekọta ahụike dị mkpa, na-ekesa 45,900,000,000 naira na 8,800 Primary Healthcare Centers (PHC),  na-agbasawanye mgbochi ịba (RTSS), ma na-emeziwanye usoro mgbochi na mmemme ahụike nne na PHCs ime obodo Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=Management Sciences for Health|accessdate=2025-12-10|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323151927/https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Atụmatụ ndị a emeela ka ahụike nne dị mma n'ofe mpaghara gọọmentị 172 nke Naịjirịa  ma kwalite nlekọta ahụike mbụ site na ego ụlọ na mmekọrịta onwe onye. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201905200001.html|title=Nigeria: World Bank Appoints Prof Pate Global Director|date=20 May 2019|work=Daily Trust|accessdate=9 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Health Nutrition and Population Global Director, Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/m/muhammad-ali-pate|accessdate=2025-05-07|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pate eweputara mmemme ndị lekwasịrị anya na itinye aka na ahụike obodo na njikọta ọdịmma ọha na eze. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwado na onyinye ==
N'etiti ọtụtụ otuto mba na nke mba ụwa ọ natara maka onyinye ya na ngalaba ahụike na Naijiria, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=Management Sciences for Health|accessdate=2025-12-10|archivedate=2023-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323151927/https://msh.org/people/muhammad-ali-pate/}}&lt;/ref&gt; A gụnyere Pate na ndepụta &quot;100 Health 2025&quot; nke Magazin Time, ebe a matara ya maka ịkpụzi usoro ahụike Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Former Health Nutrition and Population Global Director, Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/m/muhammad-ali-pate|accessdate=2025-01-04|work=World Bank|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkọwa ndị ọzọ ==
N'afọ 2012, Harvard Ministerial Leadership Program nyere ya utu aha nke Harvard Health Leader . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Muhammad Ali Pate|url=https://www.brookings.edu/author/muhammad-ali-pate/|work=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=29 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwere utu aha ọdịnala nke '''Chigari''' (ma ọ bụ '''Knight''') na Misau.

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ==

* {{Cite journal|author=Nkengasong|first=John N.|title=Nursing leadership in Africa and health security|journal=eClinicalMedicine|date=10 June 2021|volume=36|doi=10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100930|pmid=34169244}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Bali|first=Sulzhan|title=Long shadow of fear in an epidemic: fearonomic effects of Ebola on the private sector in Nigeria|journal=BMJ Global Health|date=9 November 2016|volume=1|issue=3|doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2016-000111|pmid=28588965}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Moon|first=Suerie|authorlink=Suerie Moon|title=Will Ebola change the game? Ten essential reforms before the next pandemic. The report of the Harvard-LSHTM Independent Panel on the Global Response to Ebola|journal=The Lancet|year=2015|volume=386|issue=10009|pages=2204–2221|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00946-0|pmid=26615326}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Okoli|first=Ugo|title=Conditional cash transfer schemes in Nigeria: potential gains for maternal and child health service uptake in a national pilot programme|journal=BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth|date=12 December 2014|volume=14|doi=10.1186/s12884-014-0408-9|pmid=25495258}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Abubakar|first=Ibrahim|title=The Lancet Nigeria Commission: investing in health and the future of the nation|journal=The Lancet|date=19 March 2022|volume=399|issue=10330|pages=1155–1200|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02488-0|pmid=35303470}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Wood|first=Stacy|title=Novel strategies to support global promotion of COVID-19 vaccination|journal=BMJ Global Health|date=14 October 2021|volume=6|issue=10|doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006066|pmid=34649869}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Swaminathan|first=Soumya|title=Embedded research to advance primary health care|journal=BMJ Global Health|date=18 December 2020|volume=5|issue=12|doi=10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004684|pmid=33355263}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Yamey|first=Gavin|title=Ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines|journal=The Lancet|year=2020|volume=395|issue=10234|pages=1405–1406|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30763-7|pmid=32243778}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Kruk|first=Margaret E.|title=High-quality health systems in the Sustainable Development Goals era: time for a revolution|journal=The Lancet. Global Health|year=2018|volume=6|issue=11|pages=e1196–e1252|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30386-3|pmid=30196093}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Upfill-Brown|first=Alexander M.|title=Predictive spatial risk model of poliovirus to aid prioritization and hasten eradication in Nigeria|journal=BMC Medicine|date=4 June 2014|volume=12|doi=10.1186/1741-7015-12-92|pmid=24894345}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Tulenko|first=Kate|title=Community health workers for universal health-care coverage: from fragmentation to synergy|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=1 November 2013|volume=91|issue=11|pages=847–852|doi=10.2471/BLT.13.118745|pmid=24347709}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Gupta|first=Neeru|title=Human resources for maternal, newborn and child health: from measurement and planning to performance for improved health outcomes|journal=Human Resources for Health|date=24 June 2011|volume=9|doi=10.1186/1478-4491-9-16|pmid=21702913}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Abimbola|first=Seye|title=The Midwives Service Scheme in Nigeria|journal=PLOS Medicine|date=1 May 2012|volume=9|issue=5|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001211|pmid=22563303}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Gupta|first=Neeru|title=Human resources for maternal, newborn and child health: from measurement and planning to performance for improved health outcomes|journal=Human Resources for Health|date=December 2011|volume=9|issue=1|id={{Gale|A265232619}}|doi=10.1186/1478-4491-9-16|pmid=21702913}}
* {{Cite book|doi=10.7551/mitpress/9780262016735.003.0019|chapter=Group Report: Designing Elimination or Eradication Initiatives that Interface Effectively with Health Systems|title=Disease Eradication in the 21st Century|year=2011|author=Pate|first=Muhammad Ali|pages=273–286|isbn=978-0-262-01673-5}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Wassilak|first=Steven|title=Outbreak of Type 2 Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Nigeria: Emergence and Widespread Circulation in an Underimmunized Population|journal=The Journal of Infectious Diseases|date=1 April 2011|volume=203|issue=7|pages=898–909|doi=10.1093/infdis/jiq140|pmid=21402542}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Jenkins|first=Helen E.|title=Implications of a Circulating Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus in Nigeria|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=24 June 2010|volume=362|issue=25|pages=2360–2369|doi=10.1056/nejmoa0910074|pmid=20573924}}

== Edemsibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website

Profaịlụ Lancet Global Health Commission: https://www.hqsscommission.org/people/muhammad-a-pate/
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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'''Olayemi Olajumoke Abiodun Oyebanji''' bụ prọfesọ Naijiria, onye nkuzi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nke [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]] ugbu a kemgbe 2023 dị ka nwunye gọvanọ, [[Biodun Oyebanji]].

== Akụkọ ndụ ya ==
Ọ si Ado-Ewi na Ado-Ekiti Local Government Area nke Ekiti State.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ado&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/god-prepared-me-to-become-first-lady-ekiti-govs-wife-olayemi-oyebanji/|title=God prepared me to become First Lady, Ekiti governor's wife Olayemi Oyebanji|work=Punchng.com|date=5 February 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gara Mahadum Ibadan, ebe ọ zutere di ya wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere na Education Management mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ laghachiri na Mahadum nke Ibadan iji kụzie dị ka onye nkuzi. Ọ mechara nweta kwa Ph.D na Educational Management.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ado&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;lecturer&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/09/dr-olayemi-oyebanji-a-first-lady-properly-so-called/|title=Dr Olayemi Oyebanji: A First Lady properly so-called|work=Vanguard Nigeria|date=18 September 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ui.edu.ng/news/my-family-has-long-history-ui-says-ekiti-state-governor|title=My family has a long history with UI,  says Ekiti State governor|accessdate=25 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ ghọrọ First Lady mgbe e mere di ya ka ọ bụrụ gọvanọ nke [[Ekiti State|Ekiti Steeti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cw0qq78v82ro|title=E﻿kiti State don officially swear in Biodun Oyebanji as Governor|work=[[BBC Pidgin]]|date=16 October 2022|language=pcm}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source-2&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/articles/cw0qq78v82ro &quot;E﻿kiti State don officially swear in Biodun Oyebanji as Governor&quot;]. ''[[BBC Pidgin]]'' (in Nigerian Pidgin). 16 October 2022.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|pcm]]&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2024, ọ malitere ọrụ akpọrọ Widows, Aged, Orphans and the Homeless (WAOH) na Ekiti State, na &quot;Àdìre Èkìtì&quot; iji kwalite mmepụta nke ákwà [[:en:Adire (textile art)|Adire]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.waohfoundation.org/blog_details.php?a=ekiti-first-lady-launches-widow-screening-for-empowerment-project|title=Ekiti First Lady launches widow screening for empowerment project|date=30 May 2024|work=[https://www.waohfoundation.org WAOH Foundation]}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.waohfoundation.org/blog_details.php?a=ekiti-first-lady-launches-widow-screening-for-empowerment-project &quot;Ekiti First Lady launches widow screening for empowerment project&quot;]. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20250710081921/http://waohfoundation.org/ WAOH Foundation]''. 30 May 2024.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Templeeti:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;External link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;work=&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/code&gt; ([[Help:CS1 errors#param has ext link|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: external links]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/27899|title=Oyebanji's wife launches Àdìre Èkìtì Hub as 200 youths commence training|work=Ekiti State Government|date=4 March 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/27899 &quot;Oyebanji's wife launches Àdìre Èkìtì Hub as 200 youths commence training&quot;]. ''Ekiti State Government''. 4 March 2024.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị nke kwuru maka mkpa ụmụ nwanyị dị, na-akwado Ahụike ụmụ nwanyị maka ndị nne na inye ara naanị na ịgba ọgwụ mgbochi maka ụmụ ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/|title=Empower women, build a stronger Nigeria - Oyebanji's wife|date=18 March 2026|work=Ekiti Podium}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://ekitipodium.com/2026/03/18/empower-women-build-a-stronger-nigeria-oyebanjis-wife/ &quot;Empower women, build a stronger Nigeria - Oyebanji's wife&quot;]. ''Ekiti Podium''. 18 March 2026.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/ekiti-govs-wife-awards-50-orphans-scholarship-provides-school-supplies/|title=Ekiti gov's wife awards 50 orphans scholarship, provides school supplies|date=15 January 2025|work=The Punch}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://punchng.com/ekiti-govs-wife-awards-50-orphans-scholarship-provides-school-supplies/ &quot;Ekiti gov's wife awards 50 orphans scholarship, provides school supplies&quot;]. ''The Punch''. 15 January 2025.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/|title=Ekiti First Lady beats drum for Breastfeeding, Immunisation to save newborns|work=State of the States|date=3 January 2026|accessdate=26 March 2026|archivedate=10 April 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260410084605/https://www.stateofthestates.ng/2026/01/03/ekiti-first-lady-beats-drum-for-breastfeeding-immunisation-to-save-newborns/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''State of the States''. 3 January 2026.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://punchng.com/oyebanjis-wife-canvasses-exclusive-breastfeeding-immunisation/|title=Oyebanji's wife canvasses exclusive breastfeeding, immunization|work=Punch Newspapers|date=14 December 2024}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://punchng.com/oyebanjis-wife-canvasses-exclusive-breastfeeding-immunisation/ &quot;Oyebanji's wife canvasses exclusive breastfeeding, immunization&quot;]. ''Punch Newspapers''. 14 December 2024.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Dị ka nwanyị mbụ, ọ kwadoro mmepe obodo na Ekiti Steeti site na onyinye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://newsanchorng.com/2025/03/12/oyebanji-donates-school-bus-to-school-in-ekiti-harps-on-maintenance-culture/|title=Oyebanji donates school bus to school in Ekiti, harps on maintenance culture|date=12 March 2025|work=City News}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://newsanchorng.com/2025/03/12/oyebanji-donates-school-bus-to-school-in-ekiti-harps-on-maintenance-culture/ &quot;Oyebanji donates school bus to school in Ekiti, harps on maintenance culture&quot;]. ''City News''. 12 March 2025.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/26159|title=Ekiti First Lady restates Ekiti Government's commitment to sports development|work=Ekiti State Government|date=29 June 2023}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/archives/26159 &quot;Ekiti First Lady restates Ekiti Government's commitment to sports development&quot;]. ''Ekiti State Government''. 29 June 2023.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ bụ onye nkuzi dị elu ugbu a na Mahadum Ibadan.&lt;ref name=&quot;lecturer&quot;/&gt;

==Ntụaka==
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    <title>Moses Odo</title>
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'''Moses Tochukwu Odo''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Moses Tochukwu Odo.wav|Listen}} (abali iri na otu nke onwa Disemba 1997) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ dị ka onye na-aga n'ihu.

Ọrụ Odo na bọọlụ malitere n'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma site na mgbe ọ gbara bọọlụ maka klọb bọọlụ dị iche iche gụnyere Kaduna United F.C.; Enugu Rangers na Abia Warriors na Nigerian Professional Football League.

N’ afo 2016, Moses Odo Gara mba Ofese  mgbe ezigara ya na Binatli Yilmaz SK nke di na  KTFF Super lig tupu Eziga ya ma YenicamiAgdelen. Na afo nke na abia o na chiri obodo Nigeria were debanye aha ya ma Real Sapphire ebe o agbala Boolu tupu osonyi Haras ElHodoud nke di na Egypt. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Na Haras ElHodoud, ọ gbara goolu iri n'egwuregwu iri atọ na abụọ, wee nyefee ya na Misr Lel Makkasa SC ma mesịa gaa na Ghazl El Mahalla SC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Odo Moses (Al-Merreikh) - Player Profile - Flashscore.com.ng|url=https://www.flashscore.com.ng/player/moses-edu/pYGgOVV1/|accessdate=20 March 2023|work=www.flashscore.com.ng|language=en-NG}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Profile of Odo Moses, : Info, news, matches and statistics {{!}} BeSoccer|url=https://www.besoccer.com/player/odo-moses-882989|accessdate=20 March 2023|work=www.besoccer.com|language=en|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320080143/https://www.besoccer.com/player/odo-moses-882989}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na El Mahalla, a kwụsịrị nkwekọrịta Moses Odo mgbe ọ gbasịrị egwuregwu anọ n'emeghị goolu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Erons|first=Imhons|date=27 January 2021|title=Egyptian Club Sacks Troubled Nigerian Star - Soccernet NG|url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/egyptian-club-sacks-troubled-nigerian-star.html|accessdate=20 March 2023|work=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US|archivedate=20 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320081646/https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/egyptian-club-sacks-troubled-nigerian-star.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ismail|first=Ali|date=26 January 2021|title=Ghazl El-Mahalla part ways with Nigerian forward|url=https://www.kingfut.com/2021/01/27/ghazl-el-mahalla-part-ways-with-nigerian-forward/|accessdate=20 March 2023|work=KingFut|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Klọb ahụ kwuru okwu ịdọ aka ná ntị na mmebi iwu ego dị ka ihe kpatara ịkwụsị nkwekọrịta onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ nke e mere atụmatụ na mbụ ka ọ dịru afọ abụọ.

Al Mokawloon Al Arab SC (Arab Contractors) wee bịanye aka na Odo na mbufe n'efu &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Erons|first=Imhons|date=31 January 2021|title=Another Top Egyptian Side Snap Up Sacked Nigerian Star - Soccernet NG|url=https://soccernet.ng/2021/01/another-top-egyptian-side-snap-up-sacked-nigerian-star.html|accessdate=20 March 2023|work=Soccernet.ng|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ebumnuche nke imejupụta oghere nke Seifeddine Jaziri hapụrụ, onye sonyeere Zamalek. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, ọ bịanyere aka na Al-Merrikh SC,  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nwosu|first=Chigozie|date=28 February 2023|title=MOSES TOCHUKWU ODO FLYING NIGERIA’S FLAG WITH AL-MERREIKH - Nigeria Sports News|url=https://nigeriasportsnews.com/born-december-11-1997-moses-odo-is-one-of-nigerias-export-flying-the-countrys-flag-in-a-foreign-country/,%20https://nigeriasportsnews.com/born-december-11-1997-moses-odo-is-one-of-nigerias-export-flying-the-countrys-flag-in-a-foreign-country/|accessdate=20 March 2023|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke Sudan bụ ndị sonyere na 2022/2023 CAF Champions league.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Al Merrikh SC announce the signing of Tochukwu Moses|url=https://nigeriasoccernet.com/al-merrikh-sc-announce-the-signing-of-tochukwu-moses|accessdate=20 March 2023|work=Nigeriasoccernet|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moses Odo, Latest News &amp; Player Profile {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ug/player/moses-odo/a9mi5213248o2e46jkqqr4ne2|accessdate=20 March 2023|work=www.goal.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na abali iri about ma ano nke onwa Septemba 2024, Odo bịanyere aka na klọb Vietnamese Thep Xanh Nam Dinh, na-edebanye aha na ndị otu maka 2024-25 AFC Champions League Two.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sggp.org.vn/ngoai-binh-thu-8-gia-nhap-clb-nam-dinh-post760532.html|title=Ngoại binh thứ 8 gia nhập CLB Nam Định|publisher=Sài Gòn Giải Phóng}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2024, klọb ahụ kwupụtara ọpụpụ Odo. Ọ pụtara naanị ugboro atọ maka klọb ahụ na AFC Champions League Two ma ọ nweghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọ bụla.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://vov.vn/the-thao/clb-nam-dinh-bat-ngo-chia-tay-ngoai-binh-post1134306.vov|title=CLB Nam Định bất ngờ chia tay ngoại binh|publisher=VOV}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
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  <page>
    <title>Najma Kousri</title>
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      <text bytes="16390" sha1="mfoyxbh0jqmz6j9cd7aiqu3dgp3qkgh" xml:space="preserve">'''Najma Kousri''' (Arabic: نجمة العبيدي القوصري, also known as '''Najma Kousri Labidi'''; born 1991) bụ onye Tunisia na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị na ndị LGBT. Kousri bụ onye hiwere otu #EnaZeda (Tunisian #MeToo) na onye nhazi nke Tunisian Association of Democratic Women. Ọ bụ onye na-akwado ikike ụmụnwaanyị LGBT na ọrụ foto ya nke na-egosi ndụ di na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị gbasaara n'afọ 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://magazine.zenith.me/en/society/tunisias-poor-record-gay-rights|title=Double Lives|date=2017-03-08|work=magazine.zenith.me|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Kousri nwere akara ugo mmụta Tunisian nke na-enye ya ikike ịrụ ọrụ iwu ma ọ gụrụ maka nzere masta na Sweden, na edemede nke lekwasịrị anya na teknụzụ dijitalụ na mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://azizagherib.wixsite.com/youth-center/interview|title=Interview|work=youth-center|language=fr|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ekwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya bụ ihe sitere na ọgụ ezinụlọ ya na onye bụbu onye isi ala Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.humanite.fr/liberte-jecris-ton-nom-sur-ma-peau-594006|title=Liberté, j'écris ton nom sur ma peau|date=2015-12-28|work=L'Humanité|language=fr|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kousri malitere ime ihe ike megide iyi egwu mmekọahụ na obodo Tunisia mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ iwu, na-akọrọ ndị uwe ojii ikpe n'agbanyeghị àgwà ha.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya ekwuola maka isiokwu dịgasị iche iche gụnyere: nkwado maka onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala Hamma Hammami, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/21/hamma-election-tunisie_n_6199282.html|title=Hamma Hammami|work=huffpostmaghreb.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414112331/https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/21/hamma-election-tunisie_n_6199282.html|archivedate=2019-04-14|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; njide nke onye na-ede blọgụ Yassine Ayari , &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2015/01/02/reporters-sans-frontieres-yassine-ayari_n_6406178.html|title=Yassine Ayari|work=huffpostmaghreb.com|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150104000000/https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2015/01/02/reporters-sans-frontieres-yassine-ayari_n_6406178.html|archivedate=2015-01-04|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; ogbugbu nke Shaimaa al-Sabbagh onye bụ onye ndú nke Popular Socialist Alliance na Egypt, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://m.huffpost.com/mg/entry/6595352|title=Shaimaa al-Sabbagh|work=huffpost.com|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20150401171320/http://m.huffpost.com/mg/entry/6595352|archivedate=2015-04-01|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Tunisia, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/25/mustapha-ben-jaafar-assemblee_n_6218864.html|title=Mustapha Ben Jaâfar|work=huffpostmaghreb.com|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20141226113053/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/25/mustapha-ben-jaafar-assemblee_n_6218864.html|archivedate=2014-12-26|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ Khedija Cherif , &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/27/khedija-cherif-prix-_n_6231636.html|title=Khedija Cherif|work=huffpostmaghreb.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806082309/https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/27/khedija-cherif-prix-_n_6231636.html|archivedate=2019-08-06|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye otu Houcine Abassi, [4] yana isiokwu ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/21/abassi-ugtt-tunisie-_n_6197612.html|title=Houcine Abassi|work=huffpostmaghreb.com|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20151013170542/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/11/21/abassi-ugtt-tunisie-_n_6197612.html|archivedate=2015-10-13|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kousri ekwuputala megide ime ihe ike mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị Yezidi site n'aka ndị otu Islamic State.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pressegauche.org/Amnesty-international-denonce-les-violences-infligees-aux-femmes-et-aux-filles|title=Amnesty international dénonce les violences infligées aux femmes et aux filles yezidis par l'État islamique - Presse-toi à gauche !|author=gauche !|first=Presse-toi à|work=www.pressegauche.org|language=fr|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gbakwunyere olu nkatọ na ọrụ nke onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia [[Monia Ibrahim]] onye megidere iwu nke ga-agbasawanye ikike ụmụ nwanyị na mba ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VQm1DwAAQBAJ&amp;dq=najma+kousri&amp;pg=PA469|title=Das Imaginäre und die Revolution: Tunesien in revolutionären Zeiten|author=Abbas|first=Nabila|date=2019-10-09|publisher=Campus Verlag|isbn=978-3-593-51153-5|pages=469|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ iwu, Kousri kwuru okwu megide gọọmentị Islamist na otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Tunisia si chọọ ịkwaga n'aka ekpe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalissues.org/news/2011/10/15/11533|title=TUNISIA: Islamists Rise Uncertainly After Repression — Global Issues|work=www.globalissues.org|accessdate=2019-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== #EnaZeda ==
N'afọ 2019, Kousri ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị guzobere otu [[Tunisia]] #MeToo. &lt;ref name=&quot;blaise&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Blaise|first=Lilia|title=Tunisia's #MeToo Started Outside a High School. Will It End in Court?|url=https://www.msn.com/en-nz/news/world/tunisias-supernumbermetoo-started-outside-a-high-school-will-it-end-in-court/ar-BBWwvFH|accessdate=11 December 2019|work=New York Times|date=10 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọ ya #EnaZeda (Arabic) na Tunisia, Kousri kwuru na ọ &quot;bụ naanị njedebe nke ọgụ na-aga n'ihu kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://egyptianstreets.com/2019/11/22/in-tunisia-enazeda-is-encouraging-women-to-speak-up-about-sexual-harassment/|title=In Tunisia, '#EnaZeda' Is Encouraging Women to Speak Up About Sexual Harassment|date=2019-11-22|work=Egyptian Streets|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Nọvemba 2019, otu Facebook nke òtù ahụ nwere ihe karịrị ndị otu 21,600; ọ bụ ebe a na-ahazi ngagharị iwe ma na-enyekwa ohere dị nchebe maka ịgba akaebe site n'aka ndị lanarịrị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Kousri kọwara ihe ịga nke ọma nke òtù ahụ dị ka ụgwọ maka ụzọ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'Ijipt si kwuo maka ikike obodo ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;blaise&quot; /&gt; Ọ na-ekwukwa na ike nke #EnaZeda na-enweta ume ngwa ngwa - mkpọsa ndị gara aga banyere iyi egwu na njem ọha na eze site n'aka òtù ndị inyom ejighị echiche ụmụ nwanyị na Tunisia n'otu ụzọ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;blaise&quot; /&gt; Kousri ekwuola otú o si ghọta na mgbe nnupụisi nke Disemba 2010, ime ihe ike mmekọahụ megide ụmụ nwanyị mụbara  ma ghọọ ihe ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Antonakis|first=Anna|chapter=The Interactional Dimension of the Public Sphere|date=2019|pages=189–218|editor=Antonakis|series=Politik und Gesellschaft des Nahen Ostens|publisher=Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-3-658-25639-5_10|isbn=978-3-658-25639-5|title=Renegotiating Gender and the State in Tunisia between 2011 and 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://76crimes.com/2016/10/18/amid-democratic-reforms-deeper-troubles-for-lgbt-tunisians/|title=Amid democratic reforms, deeper troubles for LGBT Tunisians|author=admin76crimes|date=2016-10-18|work=Erasing 76 Crimes|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbanwe ahụ na-ekpughe oke nsogbu ahụ ma gosipụta na ịgbachi nkịtị anaghị edozi nsogbu nke ime ihe ike mmekọahụ na ọha mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://euroislam.pl/tunezja-enazeda-oznacza-metoo/|title=Tunezja: #EnaZeda oznacza #MeToo ⋆ Euroislam - imigracja, terroryzm, radykalny islam, prawa człowieka|author=Przyszłości|first=Fundacja Europa|date=2019-12-10|work=Euroislam - imigracja, terroryzm, radykalny islam, prawa człowieka|language=pl|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Òtù Ụmụ nwanyị Na-akwado Ọchịchị na Tunisia ==
Kousri bụ onye nhazi ya na Association Tunisienne des Femmes Démocrates &lt;ref name=&quot;pride&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.worldpridemadrid2017.com/en/summit/speakers/all/431-kousri-najma-2|title=World Pride Najma Kousri|work=www.worldpridemadrid2017.com|accessdate=2019-12-11|archivedate=2019-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211132552/https://www.worldpridemadrid2017.com/en/summit/speakers/all/431-kousri-najma-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; (Tunisian Association of Democratic Women, ATFD), otu òtù mkpọsa ụmụ nwanyị. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; N'ime ATFD, ọfịs Kousri dị na Commission on Sexual &amp; Reproductive Rights. Ọ bụ onye bịanyere aka na Coalition for Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR)  n'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Recep Tayyip Erdoğan na-akatọ ogbugbu na mmekpa ahụ nke Hande Kader.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wluml.org/node/4556|title=International: Coalition for Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR): Sexuality Institute 2008 {{!}} Women Reclaiming and Redefining Cultures|work=www.wluml.org|accessdate=2019-12-11|archivedate=2019-12-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211205759/http://www.wluml.org/node/4556}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kadinininsanhaklari.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/CSBR_JusticeforHandeKader_31Aug2016.pdf|title=Open Letter to Recep Tayyip Erdogan|author=Coalition for Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR)|date=31 August 2016|work=kadinininsanhaklari.org/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kaosgl.org/en/single-news/coalition-for-sexual-rights-in-muslim-societies-wrote-a-letter-to-erdogan|title=Coalition for Sexual Rights in Muslim Societies wrote a letter to Erdoğan|author=LGBTI+|first=Kaos GL-News Portal for|work=Kaos GL - News Portal for LGBTI+|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, o kwuru okwu n'aha nzukọ ahụ megide iwu machibidoro alụmdi na nwunye n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Alakụba na ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thearabweekly.com/debate-interfaith-marriage-revs-again-tunisia|title=Debate on interfaith marriage revs up again in Tunisia {{!}} Iman Zayat|work=AW|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, o duuru mkpọsa na-agba steeti ume ka ha tinye aka na ahụike ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị dịka ihe dị mkpa - ebe ego ha belatara, ohere ụmụ nwanyị nwere iji ọgwụ mgbochi afọ ebelatala.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20190813-tunisie-fete-femme-aftd-lutte-droits-femmes-violence-contraception|title=Fête de la femme en Tunisie: des combats de longue haleine pour les droits - RFI|work=RFI Afrique|date=13 August 2019|language=fr|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikike LGBTQI* ==
Kousri bụ onye na-akwado ikike LGBT na Tunisia, ebe ndina ụdị onwe bụ iwu na-akwadoghị.

N'afọ 2014, o kwuru okwu megide mmụba nke ime ihe ike megide obodo LGBT na Egypt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/gays-persecuted-in-egypt_n_6256490|title=Is There Hope For Egypt's LGBT Community?|author=Maghreb|first=Najma Kousri Labidi HuffPost|date=2014-12-02|work=HuffPost|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ katọrọ omume nke onye nta akụkọ Mona Iraqi, onye bipụtara njirimara nke ndị ikom 26 e jidere na hammam Cairo na ebubo nke &quot;omume rụrụ arụ&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/12/15/mona-iraqi-lgbt_n_6326142.html|title=Des organisations influentes dans le monde arabe dénoncent la persécution des homosexuels et la complicité des médias en Egypte|author=Najma Kousri Labidi|date=December 15, 2014|work=Al Huffington Post|language=French|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217183322/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2014/12/15/mona-iraqi-lgbt_n_6326142.html|archivedate=December 17, 2014|accessdate=May 3, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, Kousri biputere usoro foto nke di na nwunye na-enwe mmekọahụ na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, nke gbasara.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ebumnuche nke ọrụ &quot;Sexuality Is Not Taboo&quot; bụ ime ka obodo LGBT pụta ìhè site na Tunisia.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.stophomophobie.com/mobilisation-inedite-pour-la-promotion-des-droits-sexuels-et-corporels-en-tunisie/|title=Vidéo. Mobilisation inédite pour la promotion des droits sexuels et corporels en Tunisie|author=Web|first=Revue du|date=2015-10-01|work=Association STOP HOMOPHOBIE {{!}} Information - Prévention - Aide aux victimes|language=fr-FR|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Haithem|author=Haouel|url=https://fr.allafrica.com/stories/201510051044.html|title=Shams pour la dépénalisation des droits des homosexuels organise son premier meeting public|date=4 October 2015|work=All Africa|accessdate=May 3, 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kwuru banyere ọrụ ahụ:&lt;blockquote&gt;Ọrụ foto m na-ezube iji ịntanetị mee ka ndị mmadụ chee echiche banyere ikike mmekọahụ. Anyị mere mgbanwe ahụ, anyị jụrụ ịga n'ihu na-enye nsogbu, ntaramahụhụ, ma ọ bụ na-akwagharị maka ihe anyị na-eme n'ime ụlọ ihi ụra. Site n'ibipụta foto nke di na nwunye nwoke na nwanyị na-esusu ọnụ n'ebe ọha na eze, enwere m olileanya ịkwalite arụmụka banyere ikike nwoke idina nwoke na Tunisia nke na-enweta ume kemgbe mmalite nke mgbanwe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://observers.france24.com/en/20151005-tunisia-photos-gay-kiss-same-sex|title=Revolutionary kisses: Gay couples rock Tunisian taboos|work=The France 24 Observers|date=5 October 2015|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-10}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://observers.france24.com/en/20151005-tunisia-photos-gay-kiss-same-sex &quot;Revolutionary kisses: Gay couples rock Tunisian taboos&quot;]. ''The France 24 Observers''. 5 October 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-12-10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;N'otu afọ ahụ, e jidere ya n'ihe akwụkwọ akụkọ Tunisian Le Temps kọrọ dị ka njide iwu na-akwadoghị nke ụdị njirimara nke iyi egwu ndị uwe ojii na-enye ụmụ nwanyị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|first=Salma|author=Bouraoui|url=https://www.turess.com/fr/letemps/88875|title=Comment garantir la sécurité sans tomber dans les abus ?|publisher=Le Temps|date=8 January 2015|language=French|accessdate=May 3, 2021|archivedate=3 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503155217/https://www.turess.com/fr/letemps/88875}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kousri bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ekwu okwu na WorldPrideSummit na 2017 na Madrid. O duziri mkparịta ụka gbasara LGBTQIA+ na Africa ya na Kasha Nabagesera si Uganda, South Africa Yahia Zaidi, Alimi Bisi Ademola si Nigeria na Michèle Ndoki [fr] si Cameroon.

N'afọ 2017, ngalaba na-anakọta ego nke SOS Children's Villages chụpụrụ Kousri, n'ihi ọrụ ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ilgrandecolibri.com/en/tunisia-fired-for-being-feminist-and-lgbt-friendly/|title=Tunisia, fired for being feminist and LGBT-friendly|author=Ameni|date=2017-01-30|work=Il Grande Colibrì|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-12-10}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFAmeni2017&quot;&gt;Ameni (2017-01-30). [https://www.ilgrandecolibri.com/en/tunisia-fired-for-being-feminist-and-lgbt-friendly/ &quot;Tunisia, fired for being feminist and LGBT-friendly&quot;]. ''Il Grande Colibrì''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-12-10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe mere e ji chụpụ ya bụ na ọrụ Kousri na-alụso ịkpa ókè megide obodo LGBT ọgụ nwekwara ike &quot;imebi&quot; ụmụaka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/01/04/femmes-homosexuels-sos-vi_n_13949668.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105180036/http://www.huffpostmaghreb.com/2017/01/04/femmes-homosexuels-sos-vi_n_13949668.html|archivedate=January 5, 2017|title=Parce qu'elle défend la cause des femmes et des homosexuels, cette tunisienne est licenciée de son travail {{!}} Al HuffPost Maghreb|work=www.huffpostmaghreb.com|accessdate=2019-12-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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    <title>Nri Agbane</title>
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'''Candy Augustine Agbane''' (amụrụ na 22 Disemba 1996) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke ikpeazụ gbara bọọlụ dị ka onye na-agba ọsọ maka klọb Bangladesh Premier League Chittagong Abahani . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gundemkibris.com/spor/ktff-disiplin-kurulu-toplandi-h334816.html|title=KTFF Disiplin Kurulu toplandı|first=Gündem Kıbrıs|author=Gazetesi|work=gundemkibris.com|language=tr|accessdate=2 April 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na [[Ikorodu United F.C.]] na Nigeria Premier League . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2016/02/21/champions-enyimba-lose-4-away-wins-herald-league-season-openers/|title=Champions Enyimba lose, 4 away wins herald league season openers|accessdate=24 March 2020|work=[[P.M. News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2016, Agbane sonyeere klọb Süper Lig Yenicami Ağdelen na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ.

=== Lefke TSK na MŠK Tesla Stropkov ===
Ọ sonyeere Lefke TSK na Septemba 2017.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ktff.org/BilgiBankasi/FutbolcuDetayi/17191|title=CANDY AGBANE|publisher=ktff.org|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.sporyeni.com/disiplin-kurulu-kararlari-7786h.htm|title=Disiplin kurulu Kararlari|date=29 November 2018|publisher=sporyeni.com|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.halkinsesikibris.com/futbol/yabanci-futbolcular-kesinlesti-h84384.html|title=Yabancı futbolcular, kesinleşti|date=4 October 2017|publisher=halkinsesikibris.com|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ nke ọma, ọ sonyeere klọb Northern Cyprus na nkwekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.haberatorkibris.com/yesilovaya-rekor-ceza-14935h.htm|title=Yeşilova'ya rekor ceza|date=7 March 2018|publisher=haberatorkibris.com|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 3 Machị 2019, Agbane bịanyere aka na Slovak 3.  Otu egwuregwu Liga Stropkov na mbido 2019-2020.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://futbalnet.sk/member/1416895/|title=CANDY AUGUSTINE AGBAN|publisher=futbalnet.sk|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://msk-tesla-stropkov.futbalnet.sk/tim/33980/hraci/|title=MŠK TESLA STROPKOV (MUŽI)|publisher=futbalnet.sk|accessdate=24 March 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mskteslastropkov.sk/report-bardejovska-nova-ves-vs-msk-stropkov/|title=REPORT: ŠK MILENIUM 2000 Bardejovská Nová Ves vs. MŠK Stropkov|publisher=mskteslastropkov.sk|accessdate=24 March 2020|archivedate=24 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200324195626/http://mskteslastropkov.sk/report-bardejovska-nova-ves-vs-msk-stropkov/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe otu oge gachara na Slovakia, ọ laghachiri na Lefke TSK na Jenụwarị 2020.

=== Chittagong Abahani ===
Mgbe ya na Mesarya SK nwechara obere oge, Candy bịanyere aka na klọb Premier League nke Bangladesh Chittagong Abahani na mbufe etiti oge na Eprel 2022. Ọ bụ ụlọ ọgbakọ Eshia mbụ ya. O meriri ihe mgbaru ọsọ anọ ma nye aka anọ n'ime egwuregwu iri maka ụlọ ọgbakọ ahụ na oge mbụ ya. Ọ gbara otu ugboro wee nye otu enyemaka na egwuregwu ikpeazụ nke oge. N'August 2022, Candy bịanyere aka na Ctg Abahani nkwekọrịta maka oge 2022-23. Otú ọ dị, ọ gbaghị ihe mgbaru ọsọ na oge na-esote wee hapụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mgbe ọ merụrụ ahụ ogologo oge na etiti oge.

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Profile, futbalnet.sk (n'asụsụ Slovak) 
* [http://www.ktff.org/BilgiBankasi/FutbolcuDetayi/17191 Profaịlụ], ktff.org
* Candy Augustine Agbanen'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5230" sha1="3rt0itgdwp9eabpovtaoibrtgb9ut2k" xml:space="preserve">'''Olakunle Junior Olusegun''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2002) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere ndị otu Russia bụ Pari Nizhny Novgorod na mgbazinye site na Krasnodar, na [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]].

== Ọrụ klọb ==
N’ọnwa Ọgọọst 2021, klọb bọọlụ Bulgaria, Botev Plovdiv zụtara ikike Olusegun ma kpọga ya ozugbo n’ọrụ mgbazinye na klọb Russia, FC Krasnodar-2 maka oge egwuregwu 2021–22.

O mere nke mbụ ya na Russian Football National League maka Krasnodar-2 na 29 Ọgọstụ 2021 na egwuregwu megide Baltika Kaliningrad . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2021/08/29/russia/1-division/baltika-kaliningrad/krasnodar-ii/3516705/|title=Baltika vs. Krasnodar II  2 - 1|date=29 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N' April 2022, a kwalitere Olusegun ka ọ bụrụ onye njikwa otu Krasnodar wee mee mpụta mbụ ya na Premier League nke Russia na 3rd nke Eprel 2022 na egwuregwu megide Dynamo Moscow.

Na 14 June 2022, Olusegun gafere na FC Krasnodar na-adịgide adịgide ma bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ anọ na klọb ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=tele-sport.ru|url=https://tele-sport.ru/football/russia/rpl/tlspnews_krasnodar-vykupil-trekh-nigeriitsev|title=&quot;Краснодар&quot; выкупил трех нигерийцев|date=14 June 2022|language=ru|accessdate=11 May 2026|archivedate=5 December 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205092333/https://tele-sport.ru/football/russia/rpl/tlspnews_krasnodar-vykupil-trekh-nigeriitsev}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 5 Machị 2024, Olusegun gbatịkwuru nkwekọrịta ya na Krasnodar ruo 30 June 2028. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=КРАСНОДАР ПЕРЕПОДПИСАЛ КОНТРАКТ С ОЛАКУНЛЕ ОЛУСЕГУНОМ|url=https://fckrasnodar.ru/team/news/object/?object_id=146362|work=fckrasnodar.ru/|publisher=FC Krasnodar|accessdate=26 March 2024|language=Russian|date=5 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 23 Julaị 2025, Pari Nizhny Novgorod gbazinyere Olusegun.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=FC Pari Nizhny Novgorod|url=https://fcnn.ru/news/38761|title=&quot;Пари НН&quot; арендовал Оланкунле Олусегуна|date=23 July 2025|accessdate=24 July 2025|language=ru}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Olusegun nọchitere anya Naijiria na 2019 Africa U-17 Cup of Nations, ebe ọ gbara goolu megide Angola, na 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup, ebe ọ nyere goolu na agba nke 16 1-3 ha meriri [[Netherlands]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Soccerway|url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2019/11/06/world/u17-world-cup/nigeria-under-17/netherlands-under-17/3070689/|title=Nigeria U-17 vs. Netherlands U-17 1 - 3|date=6 November 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O mere nke mbụ ya maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba dị elu]] na 6 June 2025 na egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Russia.

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
{{updated|match played 26 April 2026}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko[a]
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Fremad Amager
|2020–21
|Ngalaba nke 1 nke Denmark
|31
|7
|3
|2
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|34
|9
|-
|2021–22
|Ngalaba nke 1 nke Denmark
|3
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|3
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!34
!7
!3
!2
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!37
!9
|-
|Krasnodar-2
|2021–22
|Njikọ Mbụ nke Russia
|19
|6
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|19
|6
|-
|Krasnodar (onye a gbazinyere) 
|2021–22
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|9
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|9
|0
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Krasnodar
|2022–23
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|24
|5
|8
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|32
|6
|-
|2023–24
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|27
|3
|4
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|31
|3
|-
|2024–25
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|19
|2
|8
|1
|1[b]
|0
|28
|3
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!70
!10
!20
!2
!1
!0
!91
!12
|-
|Pari Nizhny Novgorod (ụgwọ) 
|2025–26
|Njikọ Premier nke Russia
|24
|5
|5
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|29
|5
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!156
!28
!28
!4
!1
!0
!185
!32
|}
 

=== Mba Nile ===
{{updated|match played 14 October 2025}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na otu mba na afọ
!Ndị otu mba
!Afọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;1&quot; |[[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]]
|2025
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!2
!0
|}


== Nsọpụrụ ==
'''Krasnodar'''

* Russian Premier League: 2024-25&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|publisher=Russian Premier League|url=https://premierliga.ru/news/rfpl/news_32141.html|title=«Краснодар» впервые стал чемпионом Мир РПЛ!|date=24 May 2025|accessdate=24 May 2025|language=ru|archivedate=24 May 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524161018/https://premierliga.ru/news/rfpl/news_32141.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Omar Rekik</title>
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'''Omar Rekik''' (Arabic; amụrụ na 20 Disemba 2001) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba ọsọ dị ka onye na-azụ azụ maka klọb PrvaLiga nke Slovenia bụ Maribor .  A mụrụ ya na Netherlands, ọ na-anọchite anya otu mba Tunisia.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Born in Helmond, Netherlands&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; to a Tunisian father and a Dutch mother,&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jerbi|first=Rania|date=27 May 2021|title=Equipe nationale –Tunisie: Omar Rekik officiellement &quot; Aigle de Carthage &quot;|url=https://africafootunited.com/equipe-nationale-tunisie-omar-rekik-officiellement-aigle-de-carthage/|accessdate=16 June 2021|work=Africa Foot United|language=fr-FR|archivedate=12 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612225042/https://africafootunited.com/equipe-nationale-tunisie-omar-rekik-officiellement-aigle-de-carthage/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jerbi|first=Rania|date=31 May 2021|title=Tunisie: Karim Rekik sur les traces de son frère Omar ?|url=https://africafootunited.com/tunisie-karim-rekik-sur-les-traces-de-son-frere-omar/|accessdate=15 June 2021|work=Africa Foot United|language=fr-FR|archivedate=23 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623092749/https://africafootunited.com/tunisie-karim-rekik-sur-les-traces-de-son-frere-omar/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rekik was part of several big European clubs during his youth career, following his brother Karim from Feyenoord to Manchester City, then PSV and Marseille, before joining Hertha Berlin in 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 October 2018|title=Omar Rekik: talento tunisino classe 2001|url=https://www.worldfootballscouting.com/scheda-giocatore/omar-rekik-talento-tunisino-classe-2001/|accessdate=15 June 2021|work=World Football Scouting|language=it-IT}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rault|first=Mathieu|date=19 November 2020|title=Arsenal veut l'ancien Marseillais Omar Rekik|url=https://www.footmercato.net/a9202567754292505247-arsenal-veut-lancien-marseillais-omar-rekik|accessdate=15 June 2021|work=Foot Mercato|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, their careers eventually split during the 2020–21 season, as Omar was transferred from the Bundesliga side to Arsenal in January 2021,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Omar Rekik signs professional contract|url=https://www.arsenal.com/news/omar-rekik-signs-professional-contract|accessdate=15 June 2021|work=Arsenal F.C.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=7 January 2021|title=Arsenal sign Omar Rekik|url=https://www.besoccer.com/new/arsenal-sign-omar-rekik-936923|accessdate=15 June 2021|work=BeSoccer|archivedate=24 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200910/https://www.besoccer.com/new/arsenal-sign-omar-rekik-936923}}&lt;/ref&gt; while Karim joined Spanish side Sevilla a few months earlier.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ klọb ==
Na 31 Jenụwarị 2023, Rekik sonyeere Wigan Athletic nke asọmpi EFL na mbinye ego ruo na njedebe nke oge. Na 1 Septemba 2023, ọ laghachiri na Wigan Athletic nke EFL League One na nkwekọrịta mbinye ego obere oge ruo Jenụwarị 2024.

N'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2024, Rekik kwagara na mgbazinye ego ọhụrụ na Servette na Switzerland, yana nhọrọ ịzụta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=Servette FC|url=https://servettefc.ch/omar-rekik-rejoint-les-grenat/|title=Omar Rekik rejoint les Grenat|date=2 February 2024|accessdate=3 February 2024|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Ọ bụ ezie na nwanne ya nwoke bụ Karim bụ onye isi ndị otu mba Netherlands, a họpụtara Omar nke mbụ maka ndị egwuregwu Tunisia n'okpuru-21 na October 2018, mgbe ọ dị nanị afọ 16, [1] tupu ọ banye na Netherlands n'okpuru-18 otu ọnwa ka e mesịrị.

Rekik mechara kpebie isonyere Ndị otu mba Tunisia na Mee 2021, ebe Mondher Kebaier họpụtara ya na ndị egwuregwu ndị ọzọ na-eto eto dịka Hannibal Mejbri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=30 May 2021|title=Cérémonie de présentation des deux néo-internationaux, Hannibal Mejbri et Omar Rekik|url=https://www.mosaiquefm.net/fr/video/602996/ceremonie-de-presentation-des-deux-neo-internationaux-hannibal-mejbri-et-omar-rekik|accessdate=16 June 2021|work=[[Mosaïque FM]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa na 15 June 2021, Mali dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ n'etiti na mmeri enyi na enyi 1-0 megide Mali.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 June 2021|title=Amical: Formation rentrante de la Tunisie face au Mali|url=https://www.kawarji.com/actu-66449-amical-formation-rentrante-de-la-tunisie-face-au-mali.html|accessdate=15 June 2021|work=kawarji.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 June 2021|title=Amical, Tunisie –Mali : La victoire et c'est tout pour les Aigles de Carthage {{!}} Africa Foot United|url=https://africafootunited.com/amical-tunisie-mali-la-victoire-et-cest-tout-pour-les-aigles-de-carthage/|accessdate=15 June 2021|work=africafootunited.com|language=fr-FR|archivedate=1 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801141842/https://africafootunited.com/amical-tunisie-mali-la-victoire-et-cest-tout-pour-les-aigles-de-carthage/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{{updated|22 January 2024}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko mba
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Kọntinent
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
|Hertha BSC nke Abụọ
|2020–21
|Regionalliga Nordost
|8
|1
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|8
|1
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |Ngwá Agha
|2020–21
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|0
|0
|-
|2021–22
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
|2022–23
|Njikọ Premier
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |-
!0
!0
!0
!0
|-
|Arsenal U23
|2021–22
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[a]
|0
|2
|0
|-
|Sparta Rotterdam (onye a gbazitere) 
|2022–23
|Eredivisie
|6
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|6
|0
|-
|Wigan Athletic (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2022–23
|Mmeri
|11
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|11
|0
|-
|Wigan Athletic (nke a gbazinyere) 
|2023–24
|Njikọ nke Mbụ
|10
|0
|2
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|2[a]
|0
|14
|0
|-
|Ihe a na-ejere ozi
|2023–24
|Njikọ Super Switzerland
|0
|0
|0
|0
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; | -
|0
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!35
!1
!2
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!4
!0
!41
!1
|}

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}'''Moshood Abiola National Stadium''' (nke a maara dị ka '''National Stadium, [[Abuja]]''') bụ ámá egwuregwu mba nwere ọtụtụ ebumnuche dị na Abuja, na Federal Capital Territory nke Nigeria . Ámá egwuregwu ahụ na-eje ozi dị ka ebe obibi nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naijiria, yana ebe dị iche iche maka ihe omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, [[Naijiria|ọdịbendị]], na [[Religion in Nigeria|okpukpe]]. Gọọmentị etiti nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] kwadoro nkwekọrịta maka iwu ụlọ egwuregwu National Stadium na Games Village na 18 Julaị 2000. E wuru ámá egwuregwu ahụ iji kwado 8th All Africa Games nke e mere n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2003. Na Wednesday, 12 June 2019, [[Ishi ochíchì Naigeria|Onye isi ala]] [[Muhammadu Buhari]] kwupụtara mgbanwe nke aha National Stadium, Abuja ka ọ bụrụ Moshood Abiola National Stadium n'aha onye bụbu onye isi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria [[Moshood Abiola|M.K.O. Abiola]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/06/breaking-buhari-renames-abuja-national-stadium-after-mko-abiola/|title=Breaking: Buhari Renames Abuja National Stadium After MKO Abiola|date=12 June 2019|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi ala Buhari mere nkwupụta a n'oge okwu ya na emume [[Democracy Day (Nigeria)|Ụbọchị Ọchịchị Onye kwuo uche ya]] na Eagle Square, Abuja.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/just-in-buhari-names-abuja-national-stadium-after-mko-abiola/|title=Buhari names Abuja National Stadium after MKO Abiola|work=[[The Punch]]|date=12 June 2019|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe owuwu na ụkpụrụ ụlọ ==
[[Faịlụ:Abuja_Stadium_3.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Ebe a na-ahụ oche n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ]]
[[Faịlụ:Moshood_Abiola_Stadium,_Abuja.jpg|thumb]]
[[Faịlụ:Moshood_Abiola_National_Stadium,_Abuja.jpg|thumb]]
Moshood Abiola National Stadium bụ otu n'ime ámá egwuregwu iri ise kachasị ọnụ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thesportmarket.biz/charts/stadiumstats/top50stadiums/ranktop.html|title=Top 50 Most Expensive Stadiums in the World (adjusted for inflation)|work=The Sport Market|accessdate=18 October 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140730194811/http://www.thesportmarket.biz/charts/stadiumstats/top50stadiums/ranktop.html|archivedate=30 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; e wuru n'ụwa.

== Ọdịdị ya ==
Emebere ámá egwuregwu ahụ ka ọ nabata ndị na-ekiri 60,491 bụ́ ndị e ji arụ ụlọ dị fechaa kpuchie ya. Àgwà ndị bụ́ isi bụ ndị na-ekiri ihe abụọ na-ekpuchi anya; N'ọkwa dị ala na-anabata oche 32,000 na oche nke elu 28,000 oche. Ọkwa dị ala gbakwunyere ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ 56 nwere mbara ihu yana otu ebe ezumike onye isi ala maka ndị ọbịa 50. A na-anabata ebe niile na-arụ ọrụ na nke abụọ n'ime ụlọ ọnụ ụzọ nke na-enye nnukwu ala nke ihe dịka 25,000 m2. A haziri ụlọ a n'okpuru ọkwa concourse nke na-eje ozi dị ka ọkwa nkesa ndị na-ekiri ma na-enye ọtụtụ kiosks, ụlọ akụ, ọdụ enyemaka mbụ na ụlọ mposi. Ọdịdị nke ámá egwuregwu bụ ngwakọta nke na ọnọdụ na precast ihe ọcha. Enwere ụlọ elu 36 na-akwado ọkwa elu na nhazi ụlọ. Ụlọ elu ndị a tọrọ ntọala na ikpo 140 na-agwụ ike na dayameta nke 1.30 m na 1.50 m na omimi nke 8.00 m ruo 30.00 m. A na-edobe ihe ndị a na-emepụta ihe dị iche iche dị n'agbata mita 13 na 15 n'ogologo n'etiti ụlọ elu, na-eme ka ndị na-ekiri ihe na-eguzo. Ngụkọta ihe 6,300 precast ka emepụtara n'ogige mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ dị kilomita 15 site na ya. A na-ejikọta ụlọ elu ndị ahụ n'elu site na elu 2.50 m na 2.00 m oghere oghere mgbanaka mgbanaka nwere mgbidi nke 0.35 m. A na-edozi ihe owuwu ụlọ n'elu isi ihe iri atọ na isii na mgbanaka mgbanaka. Maka oge mbụ n'ụwa, a na-eji ihe eji eme ihe maka ụdị ụlọ a. Ihe owuwu ụlọ n'onwe ya bụ ihe owuwu eriri nke nwere tọn 800 na-ebu akpụkpọ anụ 28.000 m2.

== Ihe owuwu ==
[[Faịlụ:Abuja_Stadium_6.jpg|thumb|190x190px|Ebe a na-ahụ ya n'èzí]]
[[Faịlụ:The_Abuja_Velodrome_07.jpg|thumb|Ebe Egwuregwu Egwuregwu Abuja]]
A na-emepụta ma na-arụ ọrụ niile dị n'ime ámá egwuregwu ahụ iji kwekọọ na ihe ndị otu egwuregwu mba ụwa chọrọ, ọkachasị Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) na International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).

* Nnukwu efere dị 60,491
* Ebe Egwuregwu Egwuregwu Egwú &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Olusola|first=Jide|title=How The Abuja Velodrome Is Being Used|url=https://dailytrust.com/how-the-abuja-velodrome-is-being-used|work=[[Daily Trust]]|date=13 April 2019|accessdate=17 September 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ụlọ onye isi ala na ebe a na-ekiri ya
* Ụlọ ọrụ 56
* Ọfịs post
* Ụlọ akụ
* Ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi
* Ihe ngosi abụọ na ọkụ ọkụ
* Ụlọ ahịa na ụlọ ahịa maka nri
* Helipad
* Ụlọ egwuregwu ime ụlọ nwere ike ịba puku atọ
* Ụlọ mmega ahụ nke nwere ike ịbụ 2000
* Ebe a na-egwu mmiri n'afọ 2000
* Ogige Egwuregwu Tennis
* Ogige egwuregwu hockey nke nwere ike ịba puku atọ
* Egwuregwu Baseball na softball

Moshood Abiola National Stadium na-emezu ihe achọrọ nke ụkpụrụ nchekwa mba ụwa; ọ nwere ngalaba ọrụ mberede, igwefoto nchebe mechiri emechi yana mgbidi ígwè na-achịkwa igwe mmadụ. E nwekwara ihe ndị na-egbochi ọkụ na ihe nchọpụta ígwè nke etinyere iji zere ọdachi ọ bụla.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ámá egwuregwu ahụ ==
N'agbanyeghi na Naijiria nwere otutu ámá egwuregwu gbasaara na mba ahụ, ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ha ruru ụkpụrụ mba ụwa. A họpụtara isi obodo Nigeria, Abuja, ka ọ nọrọ n'egwuregwu 8th All Africa Games na 2000 (mmemme egwuregwu ọtụtụ mpaghara na-eme kwa afọ anọ, nke Association of National Olympic Committees of Africa na-ahazi) n'agbanyeghị enweghị akụrụngwa maka mmemme egwuregwu buru ibu dị otú ahụ. Gọọmenti etiti Naịjirịa ebidola ọrụ ga-enweta ọtụtụ nde dollar iji wuo ámá egwuregwu na obodo egwuregwu dị mma nke a ga-arụcha n'oge maka asọmpi Africa niile. Enyere nkwekọrịta ahụ na 18 Julaị 2000 site na ndetu nke ihe dị ka ndị na-ere ahịa 80. Ewubela ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.

Ụmụ amaala na Ndị na-eme egwuregwu nwere obi abụọ ma ọ bụrụ na mmecha nke ámá egwuregwu ahụ ga-ekwe omume tupu egwuregwu ahụ. Otú ọ dị, owuwu ahụ gara nke ọma ma mechaa bụrụ ihe na-aga n'ihu oge. Dị ka eziokwu, a haziri ámá egwuregwu ahụ ka ọ bụrụ ebe a na-anabata asọmpi Miss World Beauty nke e mere n'ikpeazụ n'afọ 2002. N'ụzọ dị mwute, a rụchabeghị ámá egwuregwu ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'oge ahụ yana nnupụisi n'etiti ụmụ amaala karịsịa n'obodo [[Kaduna]] nke dị n'ebe ugwu nke mere ka ndị mmadụ nwụọ, mere ka ndị egwuregwu ahụ kwaga [[London]], England. Ihe owuwu nke nnukwu efere ahụ gara n'ihu site na mmalite ya na Septemba 2000 ruo mgbe ọ gwụchara n'April 2003, n'oge maka egwuregwu ahụ. Ihe owuwu nke Games Village gara n'ihu site na Septemba 2000 ruo Ọgọst 2003.

Nraranye nke ụlọ ahụ bụ na 8 Eprel 2003. Mgbe e nyere ya ọrụ, ọ bụ akụkụ ikpeazụ nke nkwadebe maka egwuregwu. Egwuregwu n'afọ ahụ bụ nke kachasị ukwuu n'akụkọ ihe mere eme n'egwuregwu Africa niile;  Ndị egwuregwu 6,000 sitere na mba 53 sonyere na mmemme 22, ndị ọrụ 1,200 na-ekiri. Ihe karịrị ndị nta akụkọ 1,500 kpuchiri egwuregwu maka mgbasa ozi mba ụwa. Egwuregwu ndị ahụ mere site na 4 ruo 18 Ọktoba 2003 ma bụrụ ndị a na-ewere dị ka ihe ịga nke ọma. Mba Nigeria na-akwado ya nwetara ngụkọta nrite narị abụọ na iri abụọ na isii, wee pụta dịka onye ndu egwuregwu n'afọ ahụ.

Ewezuga All African Games, ámá egwuregwu ahụ anabatala egwuregwu [[Footbọl|bọọlụ]] dị mkpa, dị ka asọmpi iko mba ụwa n'etiti Naịjirịa na mba ndị ọzọ. Egwuregwu mbụ a gbara n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ bụ egwuregwu bọọlụ (football) n'etiti ndị otu abụọ na-asọ mpi n'ógbè ahụ; Shooting Stars nke [[Ibadan]] na Sunshine Stars nke [[Akure]] na 8 Eprel 2003  Goolu mbụ a gbara na mgbagwoju anya ahụ sitere n'aka onye na-agba ọsọ nke Shooting Stars bụ Shakiru Lawal onye gbara naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ mgbe naanị nkeji ise gasịrị.

Ihe mgbagwoju anya ahụ enyewo mba ahụ obi ike itinye aka maka ihe omume mba ụwa dị iche iche na-abịanụ. Federation of International Volleyball (FIVB) enyewo Nigeria Volleybal Federation (NVBF) ikike nnabata nwa oge nke 2007 World Youth Championship n'ihi ihe ndị ámá egwuregwu ahụ nwere.
[[Faịlụ:Abuja_Stadium_1.jpg|thumb|Ámá egwuregwu n'oge egwuregwu]]

== Ojiji ndị ọzọ ==
Ewezuga ọrụ ya dị ka ebe egwuregwu, Moshood Abiola National Stadium na-eje ozi dị ka ebe obibi maka ihe omume ọdịbendị na okpukpe. Ikike ya na-adọta ihe omume dị iche iche dị ka kọntaktị, na nzukọ okpukpe, ihe omume ndị na-ahọrọ mgbe ụfọdụ karịa egwuregwu. Naịjirịa bụ mba nwere okpukpe siri ike nke nwere ndị bi na ya kewara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'otu ụzọ n'etiti [[Efefe Kraịst|Iso Ụzọ Kraịst]] na Islam. N'ihi eziokwu a, ọtụtụ ihe omume okpukpe na-eme kwa afọ nke na-adọta ọtụtụ ụmụ amaala ma chọọ nnukwu ogige. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na Septemba 2006, a sụgharịrị Njikọ Football nke Naịjirịa n'enweghị enyemaka n'ihi mmasị nke Onye isi ala maka ihe omume okpukpe na nnukwu iko nke Moshood Abiola National Stadium na egwuregwu bọọlụ mba ụwa megide Rwanda.

Some citizens are however concerned about the use of the stadium for such large events. Similar events held at the Stadium in Lagos resulted in its demise. The management of the stadium, however, intends to keep these events coming. Cost of maintenance is an issue and renting out the facility for various events is a strategy that has been employed to cover these costs. There were no plans whatsoever by the former military ruler late general [[Sani Abacha]] to build a national stadium in Abuja as some people might think .
[[Faịlụ:00014IMG_00014_BURST20190526145432.jpg|thumb|Ọdọ mmiri dị n'ụlọ egwuregwu ahụ]]

== Nlekọta ==
Ọtụtụ okwu bilitere gbasara mmezi nke ụlọ egwuregwu ahụ. E wuru National Stadium na Lagos, obodo kachasị nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na mba ahụ, maka egwuregwu All-Africa nke afọ 1973. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere ya na mbụ dị ka nke kachasị mma, a na-ele ya anya taa n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ ọ bụla na gburugburu ebe obibi. Onye isi egwuregwu Naijiria bụ [[Amos Adamu]] dụrụ gọọmentị ọdụ ka ha mee ka ámá egwuregwu Abuja bụrụ nke onwe ozugbo 2003 All-Africa Games gasịrị iji gbochie mmebi nke ụlọ ọha na eze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-22608356_ITM|title=COJA Boss Wants Abuja Stadium Sold.|date=4 March 2003|publisher=This Day (Nigeria)|accessdate=2009-09-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa, onye nwere 100% nke ihe onwunwe n'oge ahụ, echeela ọtụtụ esemokwu ihu ma na mpaghara ma na mba ụwa. Nkezi atụmatụ maka mmezi kwa afọ kemgbe emere ya bụ ihe dịka $ 7 nde, ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-ewere dị elu site na ọtụtụ ụkpụrụ. N'ihi ọnụ ahịa dị elu nke mmezi, gọọmentị etiti anọwo na-achọ nhọrọ maka nkeonwe nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Site na Bureau of Public Enterprises (BPE), Gọọmentị etiti nke Naịjirịa bu n'obi inye otu onye na-enye ikike nke ga-abanye na itinye ego, ma na-arụ ọrụ n'ámá egwuregwu ahụ na ebumnuche bụ isi nke inweta ego site na ihe omume egwuregwu, kọntaktị, ọrụ okpukpe, nkwado ụlọ ọrụ, mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị ọzọ.

Onye na-enye ohere nwere nhọrọ nke iwere ọrụ nke onye njikwa ụlọ ọrụ maka ihe onwunwe dị na National Stadium na Indoor Sports Complex, ma ọ bụ were ụlọ ọrụ n'ọrụ iji rụọ ọrụ ahụ. BPE ga-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye nlekota na ndokwa ahụ, onye na-ahụ maka nkwekọrịta ga-agakwuru gọọmentị etiti site na BPE. A tụrụ aro ka ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 20, nke a ga-enyocha afọ ise ọ bụla. Nlekọta nke ámá egwuregwu ahụ na mpaghara ya ndị dị n'èzí ga-abụ ọrụ nke Concessionaire.

== Mgbanwe Aha ==
Na 12 June 2019, Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari gbanwere aha ámá egwuregwu mba ahụ na Abuja mgbe onye mmeri nke ntuli aka onye isi ala nke afọ 1993, [[Moshood Abiola]]. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.legit.ng/1243037-breaking-president-buhari-renames-abuja-sadium.html|title=President Buhari renames Abuja Stadium as MKO Abiola Stadium|author=Yusuf|first=Omotayo|date=2019-06-12|work=[[Legit.ng]]|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; E kwenyere n'ọtụtụ ebe na Maazị Abiola meriri ntuli aka onye isi ala nke June 1993 dabere na nsonaazụ dịnụ, mana gọọmentị ndị agha nke [[Ibrahim Babangida]] kagburu ntuli aka ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://saharareporters.com/2019/06/12/breaking-buhari-names-national-stadium-abuja-after-mko-abiola|title=BREAKING: Buhari Names National Stadium Abuja After MKO Abiola|date=2019-06-12|work=[[Sahara Reporters]]|accessdate=2019-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Onye isi ala Buhari na 2018 nabatara ikike Maazị Abiola site n'inye ya nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke mba ahụ nke Grand Commander nke Federal Republic, nke echekwara naanị maka ndị isi ala. Mgbe Onye isi ala Muhammadu Buhari na-ekwu okwu ya na mgbanwe aha, nke mekwara ka afọ nke iri abụọ nke ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya na Naịjirịa ghara ịkwụsị, Onye isi ala Buhari kwuru &quot;Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu a ga-akpọ ya Moshood Abiola National Stadium&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/334710-buhari-renames-abuja-stadium-after-abiola.html|title=Buhari renames Abuja stadium after Abiola - Premium Times Nigeria|date=2019-06-12|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-06-12|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị isi mba ọzọ bịara ihe omume ahụ na Eagles Square, gụnyere onye isi ala [[Rwanda]], Paul Kagame.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines/334710-buhari-renames-abuja-stadium-after-abiola.html|title=Buhari renames Abuja stadium after Abiola - Premium Times Nigeria|date=2019-06-12|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-06-12|work=[[Premium Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwuregwu bọọlụ a ma ama ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;
!Ụbọchị
!Ìgwè 1
!Nsonaazụ
!Ìgwè nke 2
!Ndị bịara ya
!Mgbasa
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |24 Ọktoba 2009
| Honduras
|0–1
| Argentina
|19,560
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |Ìgwè A
|-
| Naịjirịa
|3–3
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Germany
|21,300
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |27 Ọktoba 2009
| Argentina
|2–1
|14,400
|-
| Naịjirịa
|1–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Honduras
|42,900
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |30 Ọktoba 2009
| Germany
|3–1
|3,090
|-
|  Switzerland
|1–0
| Brazil
|4,250
|Ìgwè B
|-
|5 Nọvemba 2009
| Naịjirịa
|5–0
| New Zealand
|35,200
|Ugboro nke 16
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |15 Nọvemba 2009
| Colombia
|0–1
| Spain
|40,000
|Egwuregwu nke atọ
|-
|  Switzerland
|1–0
| Naịjirịa
|60,000
|Nke Ikpeazụ
|}

* Ndepụta ámá egwuregwu bọọlụ na Naịjirịa
* Ndepụta nke ámá egwuregwu
* BPE Nigeria Bureau of Public Enterprises, Nigeria
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070116002144/http://www.abuja2014.org/Our_Bid/Facilities.htm Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Bid, Commonwealth Games 2014]
* [http://www.julius-berger-nigeria.com/ Julius Berger Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ gọọmentị maka Julius Berger Nigeria PLC]
* [http://www.vanguardngr.com/ Akwụkwọ akụkọ Vanguard Local Newspaper (Nigeria)]
* [https://www.champion-newspapers.com Akwụkwọ akụkọ Daily Champion Local (Nigeria)]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20061207062027/http://archives.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/africa/11/22/nigeria.missworld/ Akụkọ CNN banyere Miss World 2002]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070504111205/http://www.2kplus.org.uk/aag.php 2K+ Mgbasa Ozi Egwuregwu Mba Nile]

== Edensibia ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Alhambra</title>
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  [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_evening_panorama_Mirador_San_Nicolas_sRGB-1.jpg|alt=|thumb|450x450px|Panorama nke Alhambra site na Mirador de San Nicolas. Site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri: Generalife, ugwu Veleta, Obí Nasrid, Obí Charles V, na Alcazaba.]]
[[Faịlụ:Night_view_of_Alhambra,_Granada_from_Mirador_de_San_Nicolas.jpg|thumb|450x450px|Ebe a na-ahụ Alhambra n'abalị site na Mirador de San Nicolas.]]Alhambra (/ ælˈhæmbrə/, Arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) bụ ụlọ obí na ebe ewusiri ike dị na Granada, Spain. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mou ama ama nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Alakụba na naanị ụlọ echekwara nke ọma site na ụwa Alakụba mgbe ochie.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=151}} Na mgbakwunye, obí ahụ nwere ihe atụ ama atụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Renaissance Spanish.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe owuwu nke ihe Alhambra ahụ malitere n'ime 1238 OA n'aka Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, eze Nasrid mbụ na onye guzobere Emir nke Granada, steeti ndị Alakụba ikpeazụ nke al-Andalus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:05222&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wuru ya n'elu ugwu Sabika, nke bụ ebe e wusiri ike na narị afọ nke iri na otu nke Samuel ibn Naghrillah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:05222&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ọchịchị Nasrid nọgidere na-agbanwe saịtị ahụ. Mgbasa ozi owuwu kachasị mkpa, nke nyere obieze ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịdị ha, mere na narị afọ nke iri na anọ n'oge ọchịchị Yusuf I na Muhammad V.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=234–237}} Mgbe ngwụcha nke Christian Reconquista na 1492, ebee ahụ ghọrọ Royal Court ya Ferdinand na Isabella (ebee Christopher Columbus nwetara nkwado eze maka njem ya), a gbanwekwara obieze. N'ime 1526, Charles V nyere iwu ka a wuo obieze ọhụrụ nke Renaissance na obieze Nasrid. Alhambra dara n'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, ụlọ ya bụ ndị squatters. Ndị agha [[Napoleon]] bibiri akụkụ ya na 1812. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Alhambra ghọrọ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka ndị njem [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà]], na ndị njem Romant ndị ọzọ na [[Obodo Békè]]. Onye kachasị emetụta ha bụ Washington Irving, onye ya ''Tales of the Alhambra'' (1832) dọtara uche mba ụwa na saịtị ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=|pp=301–303}} Alhambra bụ otu n'ime ihe ncheta ndị Alakụba mbụ ghọrọ ihe ọmụmụ sayensị nke oge a ma bụrụkwa isiokwu nke ọtụtụ mweghachi kemgbe narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=238–239}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=153–155}} Ọ bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime [[Spain]] na [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Site.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge Nasrid, Alhambra bụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke dị iche na Granada ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} O nwere ọtụtụ ihe ntụrụndụ nke obodo ndị [[Àlakụ̀ba]] dị ka Ụlọ alakụba Friday, hammams (ebe ịsa ahụ ọha na eze), okporo ụzọ, ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ aka, ụlọ akpụkpọ anụ, na usoro mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=201–215}}{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}} Dị ka obodo eze na obodo ukwu, o nwere ọ dịkarịa ala nnukwu obieze isii, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'akụkụ ugwu ebee ha nyere iwu ka a hụ mpaghara Albaicín.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} Ndị a ma ama na nị a na-echekwa nke ọma bụ Mexuar, Obí Comares, Obí ọdụm, na Obí Partal, nke bụ isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị ọbịa taa. A maara obí eze ndị ọzọ site na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'oge a.{{Sfn|López|2011}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017}} N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alhambra bụ Ebe e wusiri ike nke Alcazaba. Ọtụtụ obere ụlọ elu na ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị e wusiri ike dịkwa n'akụkụ mgbidi Alhambra. N'èzí mgbidi Alhambra ma dị nso n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Generalife, ebe bụbu obodo Nasrid na obieze n'oge ọkọchị nke nwere ogige mkpụrụ osisi akụkọ ihe mere eme na ogige ntụrụndụ nke oge a.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=219–225}}

Ihe owuwu nke obieze Nasrid na-egosipụta ọdịnala nke ihe owuwu Moor mepụtara na narị afọ ndị gara aga.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017}} A na-akọwa ya site n'iji ogige ahụ eme ihe dị ka oghere dị n'etiti na isi nke a haziri ụlọ nzukọ na ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ gburugburu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Ogige na-enwekarị ihe ndị dị na mmiri n'etiti ha, dị ka ọdọ mmiri na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ isi iyi. A na-elekwasị anya n'ime ụlọ ahụ ma jiri mosaics tebụl mee ya na mgbidi ndị dị n'okpuru na stucco a tụrụ atụ na mgbidi elu. Ihe osise geometric, ihe osise ahịhịa, na ihe odide [[Arabic]] bụ ụdị ihe ịchọ mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-eji ihe osise &quot;stalactite&quot;-dị ka ''muqarnas'', maka ihe atọ dị ka uko ụlọ.{{Sfn|López|2011}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}}

=== Okwu mmalite ===
''Alhambra'' sitere ya [[Arabic]], nke pụtara lit. 'onye na-acha ọbara ọbara' (f.), ụdị zuru ezu nke bụ الْقَلْعَة أْحَمْرَاءُ ''al-Qalʻah al-Ḥamrāʼ '' &quot;ebe e wusiri ike (qal'a).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:242&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:242&quot; /&gt; &quot;Al-&quot; ya &quot;Alhambra&quot; pụtara &quot;nke&quot; na Arabic, mana a na-eleghara nke a anya n'ozuzu na Bekee na Spanish, ebe a na-enyekarị aha ahụ isiokwu doro anya. Ihe a na-ezo aka na agba &quot;red&quot; n'aha ahụ bụ n'ihi ụcha na-acha ọbara ọbara nke mgbidi ya, nke e ji ájá rammed rụọ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=234}} Agba na-acha uhie uhie sitere na Iron oxide na [[Clay|ụrọ]] a na-eji maka ụdị ihe owuwu a.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=41}}

Ọtụtụ n'ime aha ndị a na-eji taa maka ihe owuwu na ebe ụfọdụ n'ime Alhambra bụ aha ndị e chepụtara echepụta mgbe [[Mediaeval period|Oge etiti oge]] gasịrị, mgbe mgbe na narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} A maghị aha Arabic mbụ nke ụlọ ndị Nasrid, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta atụwo aro njikọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ụfọdụ na ụfọdụ n'ime aha ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na akụkọ ihe mere eme.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}

== Reflist ==
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  [[Faịlụ:Alhambra_evening_panorama_Mirador_San_Nicolas_sRGB-1.jpg|alt=|thumb|450x450px|Panorama nke Alhambra site na Mirador de San Nicolas. Site n'aka ekpe gaa n'aka nri: Generalife, ugwu Veleta, Obí Nasrid, Obí Charles V, na Alcazaba.]]
[[Faịlụ:Night_view_of_Alhambra,_Granada_from_Mirador_de_San_Nicolas.jpg|thumb|450x450px|Ebe a na-ahụ Alhambra n'abalị site na Mirador de San Nicolas.]]Alhambra (/ ælˈhæmbrə/, Arabic: الْحَمْرَاء, romanized: al-ḥamrāʼ ) bụ ụlọ obí na ebe ewusiri ike dị na Granada, Spain. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mou ama ama nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Alakụba na naanị ụlọ echekwara nke ọma site na ụwa Alakụba mgbe ochie.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=151}} Na mgbakwunye, obí ahụ nwere ihe atụ ama atụ nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ Renaissance Spanish.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe owuwu nke ihe Alhambra ahụ malitere n'ime 1238 OA n'aka Muhammad I Ibn al-Ahmar, eze Nasrid mbụ na onye guzobere Emir nke Granada, steeti ndị Alakụba ikpeazụ nke al-Andalus.&lt;ref name=&quot;:05222&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=García-Arenal|first=Mercedes|title=Encyclopaedia of Islam, Three|publisher=Brill|year=2014|editor=Fleet|chapter=Granada}}&lt;/ref&gt; E wuru ya n'elu ugwu Sabika, nke bụ ebe e wusiri ike na narị afọ nke iri na otu nke Samuel ibn Naghrillah.&lt;ref name=&quot;:05222&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe e mesịrị, ndị ọchịchị Nasrid nọgidere na-agbanwe saịtị ahụ. Mgbasa ozi owuwu kachasị mkpa, nke nyere obieze ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịdị ha, mere na narị afọ nke iri na anọ n'oge ọchịchị Yusuf I na Muhammad V.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=234–237}} Mgbe ngwụcha nke Christian Reconquista na 1492, ebee ahụ ghọrọ Royal Court ya Ferdinand na Isabella (ebee Christopher Columbus nwetara nkwado eze maka njem ya), a gbanwekwara obieze. N'ime 1526, Charles V nyere iwu ka a wuo obieze ọhụrụ nke Renaissance na obieze Nasrid. Alhambra dara n'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, ụlọ ya bụ ndị squatters. Ndị agha [[Napoleon]] bibiri akụkụ ya na 1812. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Alhambra ghọrọ ihe na-adọrọ mmasị maka ndị njem [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú]], [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà]], na ndị njem Romant ndị ọzọ na [[Obodo Békè]]. Onye kachasị emetụta ha bụ Washington Irving, onye ya ''Tales of the Alhambra'' (1832) dọtara uche mba ụwa na saịtị ahụ.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=|pp=301–303}} Alhambra bụ otu n'ime ihe ncheta ndị Alakụba mbụ ghọrọ ihe ọmụmụ sayensị nke oge a ma bụrụkwa isiokwu nke ọtụtụ mweghachi kemgbe narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|pp=238–239}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|pp=153–155}} Ọ bụ ugbu a otu n'ime ebe ndị njem nleta na-adọrọ mmasị n'ime [[Spain]] na [[UNESCO]] World Heritage Site.&lt;ref name=&quot;UNESCO&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Alhambra, Generalife and Albayzín, Granada|work=World Heritage List|publisher=UNESCO|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|access-date=13 January 2013|archive-date=27 May 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527031642/https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/314|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge Nasrid, Alhambra bụ obodo nwere onwe ya nke dị iche na Granada ndị ọzọ dị n'okpuru.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} O nwere ọtụtụ ihe ntụrụndụ nke obodo ndị [[Àlakụ̀ba]] dị ka Ụlọ alakụba Friday, hammams (ebe ịsa ahụ ọha na eze), okporo ụzọ, ụlọ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọrụ aka, ụlọ akpụkpọ anụ, na usoro mmiri dị mgbagwoju anya.{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=201–215}}{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}} Dị ka obodo eze na obodo ukwu, o nwere ọ dịkarịa ala nnukwu obieze isii, ọtụtụ n'ime ha dị n'akụkụ ugwu ebee ha nyere iwu ka a hụ mpaghara Albaicín.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} Ndị a ma ama na nị a na-echekwa nke ọma bụ Mexuar, Obí Comares, Obí ọdụm, na Obí Partal, nke bụ isi ihe na-adọrọ mmasị ndị ọbịa taa. A maara obí eze ndị ọzọ site na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'oge a.{{Sfn|López|2011}}{{Sfn|Arnold|2017}} N'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Alhambra bụ Ebe e wusiri ike nke Alcazaba. Ọtụtụ obere ụlọ elu na ọnụ ụzọ ámá ndị e wusiri ike dịkwa n'akụkụ mgbidi Alhambra. N'èzí mgbidi Alhambra ma dị nso n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ bụ Generalife, ebe bụbu obodo Nasrid na obieze n'oge ọkọchị nke nwere ogige mkpụrụ osisi akụkọ ihe mere eme na ogige ntụrụndụ nke oge a.{{Sfn|Ruggles|2008}}{{Sfn|López|2011|pp=219–225}}

Ihe owuwu nke obieze Nasrid na-egosipụta ọdịnala nke ihe owuwu Moor mepụtara na narị afọ ndị gara aga.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=}} A na-akọwa ya site n'iji ogige ahụ eme ihe dị ka oghere dị n'etiti na isi nke a haziri ụlọ nzukọ na ọnụ ụlọ ndị ọzọ gburugburu.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}} Ogige na-enwekarị ihe ndị dị na mmiri n'etiti ha, dị ka ọdọ mmiri na-egbuke egbuke ma ọ bụ isi iyi. A na-elekwasị anya n'ime ụlọ ahụ ma jiri mosaics tebụl mee ya na mgbidi ndị dị n'okpuru na stucco a tụrụ atụ na mgbidi elu. Ihe osise geometric, ihe osise ahịhịa, na ihe odide [[Arabic]] bụ ụdị ihe ịchọ mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-eji ihe osise &quot;stalactite&quot;-dị ka ''muqarnas'', maka ihe atọ dị ka uko ụlọ.{{Sfn|López|2011}}{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=164}}

=== Okwu mmalite ===
''Alhambra'' sitere ya [[Arabic]], nke pụtara lit. 'onye na-acha ọbara ọbara' (f.), ụdị zuru ezu nke bụ الْقَلْعَة أْحَمْرَاءُ ''al-Qalʻah al-Ḥamrāʼ '' &quot;ebe e wusiri ike (qal'a).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;:242&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2009|isbn=9780195309911|editor=Bloom|language=en|chapter=Granada}}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;Al-&quot; ya &quot;Alhambra&quot; pụtara &quot;nke&quot; na Arabic, mana a na-eleghara nke a anya n'ozuzu na Bekee na Spanish, ebe a na-enyekarị aha ahụ isiokwu doro anya. Ihe a na-ezo aka na agba &quot;red&quot; n'aha ahụ bụ n'ihi ụcha na-acha ọbara ọbara nke mgbidi ya, nke e ji ájá rammed rụọ.{{Sfn|Arnold|2017|p=234}} Agba na-acha uhie uhie sitere na Iron oxide na [[Clay|ụrọ]] a na-eji maka ụdị ihe owuwu a.{{Sfn|López|2011|p=41}}

Ọtụtụ n'ime aha ndị a na-eji taa maka ihe owuwu na ebe ụfọdụ n'ime Alhambra bụ aha ndị e chepụtara echepụta mgbe [[Mediaeval period|Oge etiti oge]] gasịrị, mgbe mgbe na narị afọ nke 19.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}} A maghị aha Arabic mbụ nke ụlọ ndị Nasrid, ọ bụ ezie na ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta atụwo aro njikọ dị n'etiti ụlọ ụfọdụ na ụfọdụ n'ime aha ndị a kpọtụrụ aha na akụkọ ihe mere eme.{{Sfn|Bloom|2020|p=152}}

== Reflist ==
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    <title>Myriam Harry</title>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt; 

'''Myriam Harry''' bụ aha edemede nke '''Maria Rosette Shapira''' (Eprel 1869 – 10 Maachị 1958), onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede France.[1][2]

Ada Moses Wilhelm na Anna Magdalena Rosette Shapira (née Jöckel), amụrụ ya na [[Jerusalem]]. Nna ya, onye si [[Yukrain|Ukraine]] na Czarist Russia ma bụrụ onye a tọghatara site na [[Judaism|okpukpe ndị Juu]] gaa na Iso Ụzọ Kraịst, gburu onwe ya, ezinụlọ ya kwagakwara Berlin. O mechara kwaga Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;career&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9HD1N28_MAMC&amp;pg=PA220|title=Career Stories: Belle Époque Novels of Professional Development|author=Rogers|first=Juliette M|year=2007|isbn=978-0271032689|publisher=Penn State Press}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ghọrọ odeakwụkwọ Jules Lemaître.&lt;ref name=&quot;jvl&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0008_0_08458.html|title=Myriam Harry|work=Jewish Virtual Library}}&lt;/ref&gt; Shapira rụrụ ọrụ na ''La Fronde'' ma deekwa ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na Paris. Na 1902, o bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Petites Épouses''. Ọrụ ya nke afọ 1903 bụ ''La Conquête de Jérusalem'' natara Prix Femina mbụ, nke e mepụtara na 1904 karịsịa maka ya, ebe ọ bụ na a chụpụrụ ya na nlele maka Prix Goncourt n'ihi na ọ bụ nwanyị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Femina&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prix Femina 1904 : La conquête de Jérusalem de Myriam Harry|work=Prix Femina website|url=http://www.prixfemina.org/post/130403088615/prix-1904-la-conquete-de-jerusalem-de-myriam-harry|accessdate=3 July 2017|archivedate=14 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514083505/https://www.prixfemina.org/post/130403088615/prix-1904-la-conquete-de-jerusalem-de-myriam-harry}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;career&quot; /&gt;

Na 1904, Shapira lụrụ Emile Perrault.&lt;ref name=&quot;career&quot;/&gt;

O dekwara akụkọ banyere njem ya na Middle East, Africa na Asia.&lt;ref name=&quot;jvl&quot;/&gt; Akụkọ ya gbasara ikpe ndị nnupụisi a na-ebo ebubo igbu ndị France bi na Thala-Kasserine Disturbances nyere aka n'ịhụ na a ga-emere ndị a mara ikpe ọnwụ ebere.&lt;ref&gt;[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2389084/f3. « Impressions tunisiennes. Autour de l’affaire de Thala-Kasserine », ''Le Temps'', 23 février 1907, {{p.|3}}]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/outre_0300-9513_1967_num_54_194_1445 Charles-André Julien, « Colons français et Jeunes Tunisiens (1882-1912) », ''Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer'', vol. 54, No.&amp;nbsp;194, 1967, {{p.|96}}]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ nwụrụ na Neuilly-sur-Seine, France.

== Ọrụ ndị ahọpụtara ==
Isi mmalite:&lt;ref name=&quot;jvl&quot;/&gt;

* ''Egwu La Divine'' (1911)
* ''La petite fille de Jérusalem'' (1914)
* ''Siona chez les Barbares'' (1918)
* ''Siona à Paris'' (1919)
* ''Le Tendre cantique de Siona'' (1922)
* ''Les Amants de Sion'' (1923)
* ''La Nuit de Jerusalem'' (1928)
* ''La Jérusalem retrouvée'' (1930)

== Ntụaka ==
Cécile Chombard Gaudin, &quot;L'Orient dévoilé - Sur les traces de Myriam Harry, biographie&quot;, Levallois, mbipụta Turquoise, 2019&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Sorana Gurian</title>
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'''Sorana Gurian''' (amụrụ dika '''Sara Gurfinchel'''; Ọktoba 18, 1913[1] – Juun 10, 1956) bụ onye edemede [[Romania]], onye nta akụkọ, na onye ntụgharị okwu dere ma n'asụsụ Romanian ma n'asụsụ French.

A mụrụ ya na Russian Empire, na Comrat, Bessarabia, nne na nna ya abụọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ ka dị obere. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ nke obere, Lia na Isabela, nwunye nna ha ohuru lekọtara ha.[1] Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Bender, gafere ule Baccalauréat ya na 1931, wee mụọ akwụkwọ na Ngalaba Akwụkwọ Ozi nke Mahadum Chernivtsi na Mahadum Iași na-agụghị akwụkwọ.

Ọ ghọrọ onye so na ogbako edemede Eugen Lovinescu's Sburătorul guzobere na 1937, mgbe ọ laghachiri site na Berck, [[France]], ebe ọ gara maka ọgwụgwọ ọrịa ụkwara nta ya na-anaghị apụta n'ime akpa ume. O yiri ka ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Sorbonne mgbe ọ nọ na France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Sasu|first=Aurel|title=Dictionar biografic al literaturii romana|language=Romanian|pages=702–703|publisher=Editura 45|location=Pitesti|year=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ laghachiri Romania, ọ malitere ibipụta akụkọ, nke mbụ na magazin &quot;Lumea&quot; na Iași, nke doro anya na ọ bụ onye kwuo uche ya, onye na-emegide mba, onye na-emegide ọchịchị aka ike na onye na-emegide mgbanwe n'ụdị.&lt;ref name=&quot;CL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://convorbiri-literare.dntis.ro/DURNEAmai5.html|title=ÎNCEPUTURILE SORANEI GURIAN|language=Romanian|publisher=Convorbiri literare|author=Durnea|first=Victor|accessdate=October 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịhi mmetụta nke iwu megide ndị Juu, o sonyeere ndị mmegide nzuzo, nke ndị Kọmunist sokwa na ya. Ndị Gestapo malitere inwe mmasị n'ebe ọ nọ na 1942, o wee zoo onwe ya ruo afọ abụọ n'ime ụlọ dị n'okpuru ụlọ, na-adị ndụ site n'enyemaka nke onye ụkọchukwu nke ndị agha France na onyeisi ụlọ akwụkwọ ụmụ agbọghọ Katọlik dị na Bucharest.&lt;ref name=&quot;Durnea&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.romlit.ro/misterioasa_via_a_soranei_gurian|title=Misterioasa viaţă a Soranei Gurian|author=Durnea|first=Victor|language=Romanian|publisher=Romania literara|date=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'okpuru mmetụta nke Vladimir Ghika, ọ gbanwere  okpukpe ya site na [[Judaism|Juu]] gaa na Katọlik.&lt;ref name=&quot;RL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.romlit.ro/sorana_gurian|title=Sorana Gurian|author=Dimisianu|first=Gabriel|language=Romanian|publisher=[[Romania literara]]|date=2002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe Romania gbanwere akụkụ ya na Ọgọst 23, 1944, n'ihi na ọ maara ndị Kọmunist site n'oge ọ nọ n'okpuru mmegide nzuzo, a họpụtara ya onye nduzi nke Universul.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.romlit.ro/jurnalul_meu_din_romnia|title=Jurnalul meu din România|author=Popovici|first=Iulia|language=Romanian|publisher=Romania libera|date=2003}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime afọ atọ mbụ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ọ sonyeere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị otu aka ekpe, dee akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi, dịka ọ maara asụsụ Russian, rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu maka Allied Commission.&lt;ref name=&quot;RL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.romlit.ro/sorana_gurian|title=Sorana Gurian|author=Dimisianu|first=Gabriel|language=Romanian|publisher=[[Romania literara]]|date=2002}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDimisianu2002&quot;&gt;Dimisianu, Gabriel (2002). [http://www.romlit.ro/sorana_gurian &quot;Sorana Gurian&quot;] (in Romanian). [[Romania literara]].&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Romanian-language sources (ro)]]&lt;/ref&gt; Mana mgbe obere oge gasịrị, ndị ọchịchị Kọmunist chere na ọ bụ onye nledo French, ma ghọta na ọchịchị ọhụrụ ahụ tinyere otu mmachi mgbe nke ọzọ malitere ọchịchị ụjọ, na 1949, o nwere ike ịgbapụ na Romania site n'ịbanye n'alụmdi na nwunye nke onye obodo Itali nke onye nnọchi anya Itali nyere aka. Mgbe ọ gbasịrị di ya alụkwaghịm, ọ gara [[Israel]], ebe ọ nọrọ ruo 1950, wee kwaga France, biri na Paris.

Ọrịa kansa gburu ya na Paris n'afọ 1956.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Narcotice in cultura romana|author=Oisteanu|first=Andrei|publisher=Polirom|year=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QW3nAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT269}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* ''Zilele nu se întorc niciodată'', Bucharest, 1945
* ''Ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị'', Bucharest, 1946
* ''Les mailles du filet. Mon journal de Roumanie'', Paris, 1950
* ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ bụ reviennent jamais'', Paris, 1952
* ''Ndị na-enweghị atụ'', Paris, 1953
* ''Akụkọ banyere ọgụ'', Paris, 1956
* ''Ochiurile reţelei. Jurnalul meu na Romania'', Bucharest, 2002

== Ntụgharị asụsụ ==
Ọ sụgharịrị ọrụ ndị Alexander Griboyedov, J. B. Priestley, Hans Prager, Franz Ludwig Neher, wdg dere.

== Ọrụ ndị gosipụtara Gurian ==

* ''Ụmụnne nwanyị Virginia: Nchịkọta nke Ide Ihe Ụmụnwaanyị'', Aurora Metro Books, 2023, 

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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      <comment>Jiri 'Ụlọ Isii bụ ejije ebidoro igosi na YouTube n’ahọ 2016. Ọ gbasara otu ezinaụlọ nụrụ na nna ha ga-enweta ego ezumike ya. Ọ bụ ụdịrị ejije na-atọ ọchị. Onye kepụtara ya bụ Paul Igwe.' kere ihü</comment>
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      <text bytes="219" sha1="0lbvii37d1lmls0mn7tny53oaosqfmy" xml:space="preserve">Ụlọ Isii bụ ejije ebidoro igosi na YouTube n’ahọ 2016. Ọ gbasara otu ezinaụlọ nụrụ na nna ha ga-enweta ego ezumike ya. Ọ bụ ụdịrị ejije na-atọ ọchị. Onye kepụtara ya bụ Paul Igwe.</text>
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      <text bytes="752" sha1="qo7kkojwbqsa3wlly0biqimatzitn4f" xml:space="preserve">Ụlọ Isii bụ ejije ntọọchị ebidoro igosi na YouTube n’ahọ 2016. Ọ gbasara otu ezinaụlọ nụrụ na nna ha ga-enweta ego ezumike ya. 

Onye kepụtara ya bụ Paul Igwe.

Stan Nze na Chinenye Uyanna bụ ụfọdụ ndị so n'ejije nke a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt21744644/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ov_sm_2#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Maka ya&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Ndị so&lt;/big&gt;

* Stan Nze bụ Obinna.
* Emma Ayalogu bụ Ọsọndụ.
* Florence Onuma bụ Magaret.
* Chinenye Uyanna bụ Adaobi.
* Deborah Anugwa bụ Ifeọma.
* Isaac C. Kingsley bụ Iheanachọ.

&lt;big&gt;Mmepụta&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Ihe ekwuru maka ya&lt;/big&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qo7kkojwbqsa3wlly0biqimatzitn4f</sha1>
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        <username>EzigboOmenana</username>
        <id>7568</id>
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      <text bytes="916" sha1="bqk0rg8ydlaa8w22orm2r8hvu16kjwr" xml:space="preserve">Ụlọ Isii bụ ejije ntọọchị ebidoro igosi na YouTube n’ahọ 2016. Ọ gbasara otu ezinaụlọ nụrụ na nna ha ga-enweta ego ezumike ya. 

Onye kepụtara ya bụ Paul Igwe.

Stan Nze na Chinenye Uyanna bụ ụfọdụ ndị so n'ejije nke a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt21744644/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ov_sm_2#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-05-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Maka ya&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Ndị so&lt;/big&gt;

* Stan Nze bụ Obinna.
* Emma Ayalogu bụ Ọsọndụ.
* Florence Onuma bụ Magaret.
* Chinenye Uyanna bụ Adaobi.
* Deborah Anugwa bụ Ifeọma.
* Isaac C. Kingsley bụ Iheanachọ.

&lt;big&gt;Mmepụta&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Ihe ekwuru maka ya&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;references group=&quot;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt21744644/fullcredits/?ref_=tt_ov_sm_2#amzn1.imdb.concept.name_credit_group.7caf7d16-5db9-4f4f-8864-d4c6e711c686&quot; /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="544" sha1="rotcro6p2kqbj19q5fewtpth0a5y3el" xml:space="preserve">Ụlọ Isii bụ ejije ntọọchị ebidoro igosi na YouTube n’ahọ 2016. Ọ gbasara otu ezinaụlọ nụrụ na nna ha ga-enweta ego ezumike ya. 

Onye kepụtara ya bụ Paul Igwe.

Stan Nze na Chinenye Uyanna bụ ụfọdụ ndị so n'ejije nke a.

&lt;big&gt;Maka ya&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Ndị so&lt;/big&gt;

* Stan Nze bụ Obinna.
* Emma Ayalogu bụ Ọsọndụ.
* Florence Onuma bụ Magaret.
* Chinenye Uyanna bụ Adaobi.
* Deborah Anugwa bụ Ifeọma.
* Isaac C. Kingsley bụ Iheanachọ.

&lt;big&gt;Mmepụta&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;Ihe ekwuru maka ya&lt;/big&gt;</text>
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    <title>Segun Ikudehinbu</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1352027471|Segun Ikudehinbu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Segun Victor Ikudehinbu''' {{Audio|LL-Q34311 (yor)-Tunmise123-Segun Ikudehinbu.wav|Listen}}(born June 16, 1989 in [[Lagos]]) is a Nigerian football player who is currently a free agent. He last played for Sporting Bengal United F.C. 

Na September 2017, a mara Ikudehinbu ikpe ịga elele afọ abụọ na abụọ maka ebubo ndina n'ike abụọ.  Ikpe mkpe-ịkpa ikpe nke Itä-Suomi akwụkwọ ikpe nke ndị na-akpa ike Pohjois-Savo nyere n'oge gara aga.  Anna mere na Kuopio, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ 2015. Onye a na-ebo ebubo gọnahụrụ ihe ihe ọ gbakwunye ma kwuo na ike ahụ bụ ekere..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.savonsanomat.fi/paikalliset/2995329|title=Jalkapalloilijalle yli kahden vuoden vankeustuomio raiskauksista|author=Tenhunen|first=Asta|date=September 15, 2017|work=[[Savon Sanomat]]|language=fi|accessdate=September 16, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
 

== Ọrụ klọb ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;

== Ụdị Egwuregwu ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Message box/ambox.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;Segun bụ onye na-agba nchekwa n'etiti nke nwere obere etiti.  N'ịbụ onye nwe ezigbo onye oma na ịgba égbè, o nwere ezigbo nkà iji iji akara, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka ọrụ n'etiti etiti ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị mkpa.  Nkà nkọwa ya na-ama ka a na-eji ya eme ihe dị ka onye na-agba mgba n'etiti, na-enyere aka egwuregwu ahụ n'ime ọkara nke onye iro.  Segun nwere anya maka ihe mmịrị ọsọ, na-enye ya nhọrọ n'ụzọ dị mfe n'ihe onye na-eche echiche n'ihu na-awakpo n'etiti.  Ọ na-agba ike na Finnish na Romanian leagues.

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Louisa Emily Dobrée</title>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa</username>
        <id>24940</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351694558|Louisa Emily Dobrée]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>638329</origin>
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Louisa Emily Dobree (c. 1852 – 1917) bụ onye odee Katọlik nke Irish mụrụ.[1] A mụrụ ya na Tours, Frans, ihe nketa ya bụ Irish n'akụkụ nne ya yana French site na ezinụlọ Guernsey nna ya. Dobree dere akwụkwọ akụkọ, mkpirisi akụkọ, akwụkwọ ndị na-eto eto, na akụkọ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ bụ́ ndị pụtara na magazin dị iche iche. Ọrụ ya na-abụghị akụkọ ifo lebara isiokwu ndị dị ka nọọsụ ụlọ, ịdị ọcha nke ụlọ na nke onwe ya, ụkpụrụ omume, eserese agwa, ịcha akwa, ọrụ nkịtị na akụkọ okike. N'ime oge ọrụ ya, o nyere aka n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ wee dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eto eto na-agụ akwụkwọ yana ọrụ okpukpe na nkuzi. O biri n'ọtụtụ mba Erop, gụnyere Frans, Ireland, na Channel Islands, ma nọrọ n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya nso na London.

== Oge mmalite ya ==
A mụrụ Louisa Emily Dobrée na Tours, Frans,&lt;ref name=&quot;thecatholic-1908&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Catholic Who's who|year=1908|publisher=Burns, Oates &amp; Washbourne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ksDAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=Louisa+Emily+Dobree|accessdate=7 February 2022|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;/ref&gt; c. 1852.&lt;ref name=&quot;familysearch-LouisaEDobree&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Louisa E Dobree|url=https://www.familysearch.org/search/ark:/61903/1:1:M75W-V62|work=www.familysearch.org|accessdate=25 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye Irish site n'aka nne ya na ebe ezinụlọ nna ya nke Guernsey, na mbụ bụ ndị French.&lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
E bipụtara akụkọ mbụ Dobrée mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu. Nke a sochiri isiokwu ndị na-agba ọsọ na akụkọ mkpirikpi na magazin. O dekwara akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eto eto, n'etiti ha bụ ndị a: - Loved into Shape, Dreams and Deeds, ''Terry'', One Talent Only, A Knotless Thread, Underneath the Surface, A Lowly Life with a Lofty Aim, and Turned to Gold, &lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDobréeFrancisKerrHügel)1897&quot;&gt;Dobrée, Louisa Emily; Francis, M. E.; Kerr, Lady Amabel; Hügel), Pauline von; Knowles, Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Maitland, Frances Mary; Maude, Sophie Dora Spicer; Mulholland, Clara (1897). [[iarchive:roundtableofrepr00newy|''A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography'']] (Public domain&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York: Benziger Brothers. p.&amp;nbsp;7-.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; yana  Hugh Templar's motto, Underneath the Surface. A Sark Story, Leon and the Lessos He Learned. A Jersey Story, na Only Johnny Brown.&lt;ref name=&quot;Allibone-1891&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Allibone|first=Samuel Austin|title=A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century: Containing Thirty Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices, with Forty Indexes of Subjects|year=1891|publisher=Trübner &amp; Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02waAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA495|accessdate=7 February 2022|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ebipụta ihe ndị a n'oge dị iche iche. &lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1887, a nabatara Dobrée n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik, akwụkwọ ya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị gụnyere: - A Manual of Home Nursing, Stories on the Sacraments, A Seven-Fold Treasure, Per Parcel Post, A Tug-of War, Stories on los Beatitudes, Beautiful Sewing, and Plain Work, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ọ nọ na ndị ọrụ na onye na-enye onyinye oge ụfọdụ na magazin iri abụọ, isiokwu ndị o dere na ha gụnyere nọọsụ n'ụlọ, ịdị ''ọcha'' n'ụlọ na nke onwe, omume ọma, eserese agwa, ịchọ mma, ọrụ nkịtị, na akụkọ ihe mere eme.&lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDobréeFrancisKerrHügel)1897&quot;&gt;Dobrée, Louisa Emily; Francis, M. E.; Kerr, Lady Amabel; Hügel), Pauline von; Knowles, Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Maitland, Frances Mary; Maude, Sophie Dora Spicer; Mulholland, Clara (1897). [[iarchive:roundtableofrepr00newy|''A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography'']] (Public domain&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York: Benziger Brothers. p.&amp;nbsp;7-.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eme ihe nkiri nke akụkọ Dobrée mgbe niile na Erop. Ọ biri ogologo oge na Channel Islands, Frans, na Ireland, ma e wezụga na ọ gara nleta ogologo oge na nke dị mkpirikpi na Ịtali, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, na Germany. Ka oge na-aga, ọ biri na Chiswick, nso [[London]].&lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDobréeFrancisKerrHügel)1897&quot;&gt;Dobrée, Louisa Emily; Francis, M. E.; Kerr, Lady Amabel; Hügel), Pauline von; Knowles, Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Maitland, Frances Mary; Maude, Sophie Dora Spicer; Mulholland, Clara (1897). [[iarchive:roundtableofrepr00newy|''A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography'']] (Public domain&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York: Benziger Brothers. p.&amp;nbsp;7-.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

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Louisa Emily Dobree (c. 1852 – 1917) bụ onye odee Katọlik nke Irish mụrụ.[1] A mụrụ ya na Tours, Frans, ihe nketa ya bụ Irish n'akụkụ nne ya yana French site na ezinụlọ Guernsey nna ya. Dobree dere akwụkwọ akụkọ, mkpirisi akụkọ, akwụkwọ ndị na-eto eto, na akụkọ ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ bụ́ ndị pụtara na magazin dị iche iche. Ọrụ ya na-abụghị akụkọ ifo lebara isiokwu ndị dị ka nọọsụ ụlọ, ịdị ọcha nke ụlọ na nke onwe ya, ụkpụrụ omume, eserese agwa, ịcha akwa, ọrụ nkịtị na akụkọ okike. N'ime oge ọrụ ya, o nyere aka n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ wee dee ọtụtụ akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eto eto na-agụ akwụkwọ yana ọrụ okpukpe na nkuzi. O biri n'ọtụtụ mba Erop, gụnyere Frans, Ireland, na Channel Islands, ma nọrọ n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ ya nso na London.

== Oge mmalite ya ==
A mụrụ Louisa Emily Dobrée na Tours, Frans,&lt;ref name=&quot;thecatholic-1908&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Catholic Who's who|year=1908|publisher=Burns, Oates &amp; Washbourne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-ksDAAAAYAAJ&amp;q=Louisa+Emily+Dobree|accessdate=7 February 2022|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;/ref&gt; c. 1852.&lt;ref name=&quot;familysearch-LouisaEDobree&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Louisa E Dobree|url=https://www.familysearch.org/search/ark:/61903/1:1:M75W-V62|work=www.familysearch.org|accessdate=25 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye Irish site n'aka nne ya na ebe ezinụlọ nna ya nke Guernsey, na mbụ bụ ndị French.&lt;ref name&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
E bipụtara akụkọ mbụ Dobrée mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na itoolu. Nke a sochiri isiokwu ndị na-agba ọsọ na akụkọ mkpirikpi na magazin. O dekwara akwụkwọ maka ndị na-eto eto, n'etiti ha bụ ndị a: - Loved into Shape, Dreams and Deeds, ''Terry'', One Talent Only, A Knotless Thread, Underneath the Surface, A Lowly Life with a Lofty Aim, and Turned to Gold, &lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDobréeFrancisKerrHügel)1897&quot;&gt;Dobrée, Louisa Emily; Francis, M. E.; Kerr, Lady Amabel; Hügel), Pauline von; Knowles, Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Maitland, Frances Mary; Maude, Sophie Dora Spicer; Mulholland, Clara (1897). [[iarchive:roundtableofrepr00newy|''A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography'']] (Public domain&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York: Benziger Brothers. p.&amp;nbsp;7-.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; yana  Hugh Templar's motto, Underneath the Surface. A Sark Story, Leon and the Lessos He Learned. A Jersey Story, na Only Johnny Brown.&lt;ref name=&quot;Allibone-1891&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Allibone|first=Samuel Austin|title=A Critical Dictionary of English Literature, and British and American Authors, Living and Deceased, from the Earliest Accounts to the Middle of the Nineteenth Century: Containing Thirty Thousand Biographies and Literary Notices, with Forty Indexes of Subjects|year=1891|publisher=Trübner &amp; Company|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=02waAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA495|accessdate=7 February 2022|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-ebipụta ihe ndị a n'oge dị iche iche. &lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 1887, a nabatara Dobrée n'ime Chọọchị Katọlik, akwụkwọ ya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị gụnyere: - A Manual of Home Nursing, Stories on the Sacraments, A Seven-Fold Treasure, Per Parcel Post, A Tug-of War, Stories on los Beatitudes, Beautiful Sewing, and Plain Work, n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ọ nọ na ndị ọrụ na onye na-enye onyinye oge ụfọdụ na magazin iri abụọ, isiokwu ndị o dere na ha gụnyere nọọsụ n'ụlọ, ịdị ''ọcha'' n'ụlọ na nke onwe, omume ọma, eserese agwa, ịchọ mma, ọrụ nkịtị, na akụkọ ihe mere eme.&lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDobréeFrancisKerrHügel)1897&quot;&gt;Dobrée, Louisa Emily; Francis, M. E.; Kerr, Lady Amabel; Hügel), Pauline von; Knowles, Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Maitland, Frances Mary; Maude, Sophie Dora Spicer; Mulholland, Clara (1897). [[iarchive:roundtableofrepr00newy|''A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography'']] (Public domain&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York: Benziger Brothers. p.&amp;nbsp;7-.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-eme ihe nkiri nke akụkọ Dobrée mgbe niile na Erop. Ọ biri ogologo oge na Channel Islands, Frans, na Ireland, ma e wezụga na ọ gara nleta ogologo oge na nke dị mkpirikpi na Ịtali, Switzerland, Austria, Belgium, na Germany. Ka oge na-aga, ọ biri na Chiswick, nso [[London]].&lt;ref name=&quot;roundtableIrishEnglish-1897&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Dobrée|first=Louisa Emily|title=A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography|year=1897|location=New York|publisher=Benziger Brothers|url=https://archive.org/details/roundtableofrepr00newy|language=en|edition=Public domain}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFDobréeFrancisKerrHügel)1897&quot;&gt;Dobrée, Louisa Emily; Francis, M. E.; Kerr, Lady Amabel; Hügel), Pauline von; Knowles, Richard Brinsley Sheridan; Maitland, Frances Mary; Maude, Sophie Dora Spicer; Mulholland, Clara (1897). [[iarchive:roundtableofrepr00newy|''A Round Table of the Representative Irish and English Catholic Novelists: At which is Served a Feast of Excellent Stories; with Portraits, Biographical Sketches, and Bibliography'']] (Public domain&amp;nbsp;ed.). New York: Benziger Brothers. p.&amp;nbsp;7-.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==
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    <title>Elsa Cayat</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346962241|Elsa Cayat]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Elsa Jeanne Cayat''' ({{IPA|fr|ɛlza kaja|lang}}{{IPA|fr|ɛlza kaja|lang}}{{IPA|fr|ɛlza kaja|lang}}; 9 March 1960 &amp;#x2013; 7 January 2015)&lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-jewish-chronicle/20150123/282501477028784/TextView|title=}}&lt;/ref&gt; was a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst and a columnist for the satirical newspaper ''Charlie Hebdo'' in Paris, France. She was one of 12 victims of the &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwGA&quot;&gt;Charlie Hebdo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; shooting and was killed along with the seven journalists, maintenance worker, one visitor and two police officers. She was the only woman working for ''Charlie Hebdo'' to die in the attack.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30724678|title=French terror attacks: Victim obituaries|work=BBC News|date=8 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/doctor-elsa-cayat-psychoanalyst-who-wrote-for-charlie-hebdo-and-was-murdered-in-the-terrorist-attack-9973719.html|title=Doctor Elsa Cayat: Psychoanalyst who wrote for 'Charlie Hebdo' and was|author=Chris Salewicz|date=12 January 2015|work=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;usatoday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/01/07/france-charlie-hebdo-deaths/21385057/#|title=Victim unafraid of retaliation: 'I prefer to die standing'|date=7 January 2015|work=USA TODAY}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was one of two Jews killed in the attack, along with Georges Wolinski.&lt;ref name=&quot;usatoday&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofisrael&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Newman|first=Marissa|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-victim-in-charlie-hebdo-attack-received-death-threats/|title=Jewish victim in Charlie Hebdo attack received death threats|work=The Times of Israel|date=13 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onye ọ bụla ==
A mụrụ Elsa Cayat na 9 Machị 1960 na Sfax, Tunisia . &lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-jewish-chronicle/20150123/282501477028784/TextView|title=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-jewish-chronicle/20150123/282501477028784/TextView.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Templeeti:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;title=&lt;/code&gt; ([[Help:CS1 errors#citation missing title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: missing title]]
[[Category:CS1 errors: bare URL]]&lt;/ref&gt; Nna Cayat, Georges Khayat, bụ onye Juu Tunisian na onye na-ahụ maka eriri afọ, ebe nne ya na-arụ ọrụ n'ọrụ iwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/doctor-elsa-cayat-psychoanalyst-who-wrote-for-charlie-hebdo-and-was-murdered-in-the-terrorist-attack-9973719.html|title=Doctor Elsa Cayat: Psychoanalyst who wrote for 'Charlie Hebdo' and was|author=Chris Salewicz|date=12 January 2015|work=The Independent}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFChris_Salewicz2015&quot;&gt;Chris Salewicz (12 January 2015). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/doctor-elsa-cayat-psychoanalyst-who-wrote-for-charlie-hebdo-and-was-murdered-in-the-terrorist-attack-9973719.html &quot;Doctor Elsa Cayat: Psychoanalyst who wrote for 'Charlie Hebdo' and was&quot;]. ''The Independent''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;timesofisrael&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Newman|first=Marissa|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-victim-in-charlie-hebdo-attack-received-death-threats/|title=Jewish victim in Charlie Hebdo attack received death threats|work=The Times of Israel|date=13 January 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNewman2015&quot;&gt;Newman, Marissa (13 January 2015). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-victim-in-charlie-hebdo-attack-received-death-threats/ &quot;Jewish victim in Charlie Hebdo attack received death threats&quot;]. ''The Times of Israel''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ ya kwagara Vincennes (nke dịpụrụ adịpụ na Paris) mgbe ọ bụ nwata.&lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot; /&gt;

Cayat dị afọ 54 mgbe e gburu ya na Paris, France, na 7 Jenụwarị 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-jewish-chronicle/20150123/282501477028784/TextView|title=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-jewish-chronicle/20150123/282501477028784/TextView.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Templeeti:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;title=&lt;/code&gt; ([[Help:CS1 errors#citation missing title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: missing title]]
[[Category:CS1 errors: bare URL]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30724678|title=French terror attacks: Victim obituaries|work=BBC News|date=8 January 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30724678 &quot;French terror attacks: Victim obituaries&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 8 January 2015.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; E liri ya na mpaghara ndị Juu nke ili ozu Montparnasse . &lt;ref name=&quot;forward&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://forward.com/culture/212636/remembering-elsa-cayat-slain-in-the-charlie-hebdo/|title=Remembering Elsa Cayat, Slain in the Charlie Hebdo Massacre|author=Benjamin Ivry|date=13 January 2015|work=The Forward}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;nytimes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/12/world/europe/terror-attacks-in-paris-the-victims.html|title=Victims of the Terror Attacks in Paris|date=12 January 2015|work=The New York Times}}&lt;/ref&gt;Elsa Cayat bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche na onye na-egosi uche, yana onye na-ede akwụkwọ .

Ọ ruru eru dị ka ị mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na otu, ma nchọpụta onye ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka isi mgbaka na onye na-ịdụ isi mgbaka &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/doctor-elsa-cayat-psychoanalyst-who-wrote-for-charlie-hebdo-and-was-murdered-in-the-terrorist-attack-9973719.html|title=Doctor Elsa Cayat: Psychoanalyst who wrote for 'Charlie Hebdo' and was|author=Chris Salewicz|date=12 January 2015|work=The Independent}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFChris_Salewicz2015&quot;&gt;Chris Salewicz (12 January 2015). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/doctor-elsa-cayat-psychoanalyst-who-wrote-for-charlie-hebdo-and-was-murdered-in-the-terrorist-attack-9973719.html &quot;Doctor Elsa Cayat: Psychoanalyst who wrote for 'Charlie Hebdo' and was&quot;]. ''The Independent''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; O bipụtara akwụkwọ ndị metụtara nkà mmụta akparamàgwà mmadụ. E bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya na 1998, A Man + A Woman = What? N'afọ 2007, o bipụtara akwụkwọ ya nke abụọ bụ Desire and the Whore: The Hidden Stakes of Male Sexuality . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.senscritique.com/livre/Le_Desir_et_la_Putain/220390|title=Le Désir et la Putain Elsa Cayat et Antonio Fischetti}}&lt;/ref&gt; Cayat nyekwara aka dee isiakwụkwọ n'akwụkwọ Mastering Life and Dangerous Childhood, Childhood in Danger? &lt;ref name=&quot;forward&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://forward.com/culture/212636/remembering-elsa-cayat-slain-in-the-charlie-hebdo/|title=Remembering Elsa Cayat, Slain in the Charlie Hebdo Massacre|author=Benjamin Ivry|date=13 January 2015|work=The Forward}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBenjamin_Ivry2015&quot;&gt;Benjamin Ivry (13 January 2015). [http://forward.com/culture/212636/remembering-elsa-cayat-slain-in-the-charlie-hebdo/ &quot;Remembering Elsa Cayat, Slain in the Charlie Hebdo Massacre&quot;]. ''The Forward''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Cayat dere kọlụm ''Charlie Divan'' (Charlie on the Couch) kwa izu na magazin satirical ''Charlie Hebdo'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30724678|title=French terror attacks: Victim obituaries|work=BBC News|date=8 January 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation news cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30724678 &quot;French terror attacks: Victim obituaries&quot;]. ''BBC News''. 8 January 2015.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Cayat kwenyere na ọ nwere ike inyere ndị mmadụ aka ịchọta ihe ọ pụtara na ndụ onwe ha na nsogbu mmetụta uche site na kọlụm ya na ''Charlie Hebdo''.&lt;ref name=&quot;yahoohealth&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.yahoo.com/health/what-everyone-can-learn-from-elsa-cayats-last-108207746187.html|title=What Everyone Can Learn From Elsa Cayat's Final Column In Charlie Hebdo|date=16 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọnwụ ==
Elsa Cayat natara egwu n'ihe metụtara okpukpe ya na ọrụ ya na ''Charlie Hebdo'' na ekwentị ihe dị ka otu ọnwa tupu mwakpo ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu na-ede kọlụm ya mgbe iyi egwu ahụ gasịrị, na-achụpụ ha dị ka &quot;ihe mkpofu okwu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;independent&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/doctor-elsa-cayat-psychoanalyst-who-wrote-for-charlie-hebdo-and-was-murdered-in-the-terrorist-attack-9973719.html|title=Doctor Elsa Cayat: Psychoanalyst who wrote for 'Charlie Hebdo' and was|author=Chris Salewicz|date=12 January 2015|work=The Independent}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFChris_Salewicz2015&quot;&gt;Chris Salewicz (12 January 2015). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/news/doctor-elsa-cayat-psychoanalyst-who-wrote-for-charlie-hebdo-and-was-murdered-in-the-terrorist-attack-9973719.html &quot;Doctor Elsa Cayat: Psychoanalyst who wrote for 'Charlie Hebdo' and was&quot;]. ''The Independent''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;usatoday&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/01/07/france-charlie-hebdo-deaths/21385057/#|title=Victim unafraid of retaliation: 'I prefer to die standing'|date=7 January 2015|work=USA TODAY}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2015/01/07/france-charlie-hebdo-deaths/21385057/# &quot;Victim unafraid of retaliation: 'I prefer to die standing'&quot;]. ''USA TODAY''. 7 January 2015.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Otu onye ọrịa nke Cayat kwuru &quot;Ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla ọ tụrụ egwu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;forward&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://forward.com/culture/212636/remembering-elsa-cayat-slain-in-the-charlie-hebdo/|title=Remembering Elsa Cayat, Slain in the Charlie Hebdo Massacre|author=Benjamin Ivry|date=13 January 2015|work=The Forward}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBenjamin_Ivry2015&quot;&gt;Benjamin Ivry (13 January 2015). [http://forward.com/culture/212636/remembering-elsa-cayat-slain-in-the-charlie-hebdo/ &quot;Remembering Elsa Cayat, Slain in the Charlie Hebdo Massacre&quot;]. ''The Forward''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ebe ọ bụ na Charlie Hebdo satirical nọ na-akpa ihe osise Onye Amụma Mohammed, ọ ghọwo ihe ndị na-eyi ọha egwu Islam lekwasịrị anya.  Na 7 Jenụwarị 2015, Ime Saïd Kouachi, 34, na Chérif Kouachi, 32, fim ịgba égbè n'ime fim Charlie Hebdo.  E nne na ndị agha ahụ bụ nke iche jihadist nke Iraq.  Mwakpo Charlie Hebdo: Mwakpo ndị omekome kacha njọ na France n'ọgbọ a gburu mmadụ iri na abụọ&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;mbụ&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Gordon&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;last&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Rayner&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;work&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;The Daily Telegraph (UK)&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;date&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;7 Jenụwarị 2015&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;ụbọchị nnweta&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;29 Febụwarị  2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;url&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11331902/Charlie-Hebdo-attack-Frances-worst-terrorist-attack-in-a-generation-leaves-12-dead.html&amp;amp;quot;}},&amp;amp;quot;i&amp;amp;quot;:0}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAbs\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt62\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;CITEREFrayner2015\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;Rayner, Gordon (7 Jenụwarị 2015). &lt;a class=\&quot;ederede mpụga\&quot;  href=\&quot;https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/11331902/Charlie-Hebdo-attack-Frances-worst-terrorist-attack-in-a-generation-leaves-12-dead.html\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAbw\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Mwakpo Charlie Hebdo: Mwakpo ndị omekome kacha njọ na France n'ọgbọ a hapụrụ mmadụ iri na abụọ nwụrụ\&quot;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwAb0\&quot;&gt;Akwụkwọ akụkọ Daily Telegraph (UK)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span class=\&quot;reference-accessdate\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAb4\&quot;&gt;. E weghachitere &lt;span class=\&quot;nowrap\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAb8\&quot;&gt;29 Febụwarị&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; 2016&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-telegraph_15-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot;  typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[1] Ndị ikom abụọ ahụ ji égbè bata na nkọwa nchịkọta, gbuo Elsa Cayat na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;theguardian&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jan/07/cartoonists-victims-charlie-hebdo-attack|title=Charlie Hebdo attack: the 12 victims of the terror attack|author=Anne Penketh|work=The Guardian (UK)|date=8 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị mwakpo ahụ jiri égbè na-akpaghị aka gbuo mmadụ iri na abụọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;huffingtonpost2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/13/charlie-hebdo-victims-fund_n_6458502.html|title=Charlie Hebdo, Jewish Market Victims Funds Support Grieving Families, Colleagues|date=13 January 2015|work=The Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ha gbusịrị ndị nọ na ndepụta ha, ha tiri mkpu &quot;Anyị egbuola Charlie Hebdo! Anyị abọwara onye amụma Mohammed!&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;telegraph&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe gbara ya gburugburu ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;newyorker&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Attack on Charlie Hebdo|first=Amy|author=Davidson|work=New Yorker|date=7 January 2015|accessdate=29 February 2016|url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/amy-davidson/attack-charlie-hebdo}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;huffingtonpost1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/connie-lawn/je-suis-charlie-i-am-char_b_6430330.html|title=Je Suis Charlie -- I am Charlie|date=7 January 2015|work=The Huffington Post}}&lt;/ref&gt; The French government tried to make ''Charlie Hebdo'' hold back on publishing some of its cartoons, but they continued to publish the cGọọmentị Frans gbalịrị ime ka Charlie Hebdo kwụsị ibipụta ụfọdụ katọn ya, mana ha nọgidere na-ebipụta katọn ndị ahụ n'ihi nkwado ha maka nnwere onwe ikwu okwura Charlie Hebdo ochie ibipụta ụfọdụ katọn ya, mana ha string na-- በቀላሉ katọn ndị n'ihi Nkwado ha maka akwụkwọ onwe ikwu okwuropheị nọ n'ọrụ a gbagburu.&lt;ref name=&quot;lequotidiendumedecin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Charlie Hebdo: Dr. Elsa Cayat among the victims|work=lequotidiendumedecin.fr|date=8 January 2015|accessdate=29 February 2016|url=http://www.lequotidiendumedecin.fr/actualite/questions-de-societe/charlie-hebdo-le-dr-elsa-cayat-parmi-les-victimes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ezinụlọ Cayat kwenyere na e gburu ya n'ihi na ọ bụ onye Juu, dabere na egwu ekwentị mbụ. Izu ole na ole tupu ịgba égbè ahụ, Cayat natara ọtụtụ oku na-amaghị aha ya na-agwa ya ka ọ kwụsị, ma na-ekwu na a ga-egbu ya n'ihi na ọ bụ onye Juu.&lt;sup class=&quot;mw-ref reference&quot; mw2q=&quot;&quot;&gt;Charlie Hebdo Targeted Because 'She Was Jewish,' Cousin Says – Jewish &lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp; Israel News Algemeiner.com&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;work&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:{&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;wt&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;Algemeiner.com&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;}},&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;i&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;quot;:0}}]}\&quot; data-ve-no-generated-contents=\&quot;true\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAfQ\&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;nbsp;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;cite about=\&quot;#mwt83\&quot; class=\&quot;citation web cs1\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAfU\&quot; data-ve-ignore=\&quot;\&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=\&quot;external text\&quot; href=\&quot;http://www.algemeiner.com/2015/01/11/sole-woman-killed-in-charlie-hebdo-targeted-because-she-was-jewish-cousin-says/#\&quot; id=\&quot;mwAfY\&quot; rel=\&quot;mw:ExtLink nofollow\&quot;&gt;\&quot;Sole Woman Killed in Charlie Hebdo Targeted Because 'She Was Jewish,' Cousin Says – Jewish &amp;&lt;/nowiki&gt;amp; Israel News Algemeiner.com\&quot;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;. &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=\&quot;mwAfc\&quot;&gt;Algemeiner.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;.&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&quot;}}&quot; id=&quot;cite_ref-algemeiner_21-0&quot; rel=&quot;dc:references&quot; typeof=&quot;mw:Extension/ref&quot;&gt;[./Elsa_Cayat#cite_note-algemeiner-21 &lt;span class=&quot;mw-reflink-text&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;1&lt;span class=&quot;cite-bracket&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;]&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;]&lt;/sup&gt; Ọkpụkpọ ekwentị kwuru &quot;Ị kwesịrị ịkwụsị ịrụ ọrụ maka Charlie Hebdo, ma ọ bụghị ya anyị ga-egbu gị. &quot;  Ezinụlọ ya kwuru na ọ jụrụ iyi egwu ahụ dị ka &quot;ihe mkpofu okwu&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;timesofisrael&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Newman|first=Marissa|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-victim-in-charlie-hebdo-attack-received-death-threats/|title=Jewish victim in Charlie Hebdo attack received death threats|work=The Times of Israel|date=13 January 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFNewman2015&quot;&gt;Newman, Marissa (13 January 2015). [https://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-victim-in-charlie-hebdo-attack-received-death-threats/ &quot;Jewish victim in Charlie Hebdo attack received death threats&quot;]. ''The Times of Israel''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pressreader&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-jewish-chronicle/20150123/282501477028784/TextView|title=}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-jewish-chronicle/20150123/282501477028784/TextView.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Templeeti:Cite web|cite web]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#x7C;title=&lt;/code&gt; ([[Help:CS1 errors#citation missing title|help]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 errors: missing title]]
[[Category:CS1 errors: bare URL]]&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-agba égbè nwere ohere igbu onye ọrụ nwanyị ọzọ, Sigolène Vinson, mana ha chebere ndụ ya, na-asị, &quot;Anyị anaghị egbu ụmụ nwanyị&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;forward&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://forward.com/culture/212636/remembering-elsa-cayat-slain-in-the-charlie-hebdo/|title=Remembering Elsa Cayat, Slain in the Charlie Hebdo Massacre|author=Benjamin Ivry|date=13 January 2015|work=The Forward}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBenjamin_Ivry2015&quot;&gt;Benjamin Ivry (13 January 2015). [http://forward.com/culture/212636/remembering-elsa-cayat-slain-in-the-charlie-hebdo/ &quot;Remembering Elsa Cayat, Slain in the Charlie Hebdo Massacre&quot;]. ''The Forward''.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmeghachi omume ==
&quot;Je Suis Charlie&quot; (&quot;Abụ m Charlie&quot;) ghọrọ ụkpụrụ nduzi maka ndị kwenyere na mgbasa ozi n'efu ma kwado ndị e gburu n'ọfịs ''Charlie Hebdo''. &lt;ref name=&quot;huffingtonpost1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/connie-lawn/je-suis-charlie-i-am-char_b_6430330.html|title=Je Suis Charlie -- I am Charlie|date=7 January 2015|work=The Huffington Post}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/connie-lawn/je-suis-charlie-i-am-char_b_6430330.html &quot;Je Suis Charlie -- I am Charlie&quot;]. ''The Huffington Post''. 7 January 2015.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe mwakpo ahụ gasịrị, e guzobere ọtụtụ ego iji nyere ndị mwakpo ahụ metụtara ''Charlie Hebdo'' aka. E guzobekwara ndị na-anakọta ego iji nyere ezinụlọ ndị ahụ aka, na ego olili ozu nke ndị na-ese ihe nkiri ndị Juu e gburu. N'ime awa 24 nke ịgba égbè ahụ, ndị nta akụkọ French enwetala ihe dịka $ 590,000 (ọkara nde euro) ka magazin ahụ wee nwee ike ibipụta ihe karịrị 1,000,000 nke mbipụta na-esote kama ibipụta 60,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;huffingtonpost2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/13/charlie-hebdo-victims-fund_n_6458502.html|title=Charlie Hebdo, Jewish Market Victims Funds Support Grieving Families, Colleagues|date=13 January 2015|work=The Huffington Post}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/01/13/charlie-hebdo-victims-fund_n_6458502.html &quot;Charlie Hebdo, Jewish Market Victims Funds Support Grieving Families, Colleagues&quot;]. ''The Huffington Post''. 13 January 2015.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Ememe olili ozu Cayat bụ isi mmalite maka ntụgharị uche dị ogologo banyere mmekọrịta nwoke na ọnwụ, iru uju na nkasi obi site n'aka enyi ya, onye rabaị nwanyị Delphine Horvilleur.

== Ihe odide ==

* 1998: ''Otu Nwoke + Otu Nwanyị = Gịnị?''  (A Man + A Woman = What?), Paris, Jacques Grancher   
* 2007: Le Désir et La Putain (''Ọchịchọ na Nwoke ahụ'' Anụ Anụrụ Anụ), mkparịta ụka ya na onye nta akụkọ ''Charlie Hebdo'' Antonio Fischetti, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.elle.fr/Societe/News/Charlie-Hebdo-qui-etait-Elsa-Cayat-la-seule-femme-victime-des-terroristes-2875040|title=Charlie Hebdo : qui était Elsa Cayat, la seule femme victime des terroristes|author=Isabelle Duriez|date=8 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paris, Albin Michel   
* 2015: La Capacité de s'aimer (The Capacity to Love Each Other), Paris, Payot   

== Onyinye ==
N'afọ 2015, Elsa Cayat natara onyinye Legion of Honour. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lejdd.fr/Societe/Legion-d-honneur-les-victimes-et-les-heros-des-attentats-distingues-766597|title=Légion d'honneur : victimes et &quot;héros&quot; des attentats distingués|author=Anne-Charlotte Dusseaulx (avec AFP)|date=1 January 2016|work=LeJDD.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ịgba égbè &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwARs&quot;&gt;Charlie Hebdo&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* Obodo Maghrebian nke Paris
* Ndepụta nke ndị nta akụkọ e gburu na Europe

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]
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    <title>Samuel Odeyobo</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1343038989|Samuel Odeyobo]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Samuel Odeyobo''' (amụrụ na 28 Septemba 1993) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ. 

== Ọrụ ==
Odeyobo bịara Belarus n'afọ 2013. Ọ nọ na ikpe na Belarusian First League Smolevichi-STI mana ọ pụghị ịbịanye aka na-echeta n'ihi nsogbu ya na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ.  Ɔ fit afɔ ole na ole na- egwu egwu na ɔkwa amateur tupu Krumkachy Minsk akpọbata ya na 2016.

=== FC Hegelmann ===
Na Febụwarị 2022 ọ bịanyere aka na Lithuanian FC Hegelmann . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://fchegelmann.com/fc-hegelmann-gynyba-sustiprins-nigerietis-is-baltarusijos/|title=FC &quot;Hegelmann&quot; gynybą sustiprins nigerietis iš Baltarusijos|language=lt|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220209141407/https://fchegelmann.com/fc-hegelmann-gynyba-sustiprins-nigerietis-is-baltarusijos/|archivedate=2022-02-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://alyga.lt/naujiena/hegelmann-atliko-rokiruote-tarp-vidurio-gyneju/7495|title=&quot;Hegelmann&quot; atliko rokiruotę tarp vidurio gynėjų &amp;#124; A Lyga &amp;#124; Aukščiausia Lietuvos futbolo lyga}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Samuel Odeyobona FootballFacts.ru (n'asụsụ Russian)  
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354510915|Kingsley Amuneke]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Kingsley Amuneke''' (amụrụ na 26 Julaị 1980) Onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ etiti.

== Ọrụ bọọlụ ==
A mụrụ ya na Eziobodo, Amuneke gbara bọọlụ maka klọb abụọ dị na [[Belgium]] na Landskrona BoIS na Swedish Allsvenskan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?CTID=57&amp;CPID=120&amp;TEID=1403&amp;PLID=44218&amp;pStr=Player|title=Kingsley Amuneke facts|publisher=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=23 September 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914030231/http://guardian.touch-line.com/StatsCentre.asp?CTID=57&amp;CPID=120&amp;TEID=1403&amp;PLID=44218&amp;pStr=Player|archivedate=14 September 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwanne Emmanuel Amunike nke obere, nakwa nwanne nwoke nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ọzọ, Kevin Amuneke, tọrọ ya.;  ha atọ nọrọ oge ụfọdụ na-egwu bọọlụ na [[Portugal]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Scott|first=Carl-Gustaf|date=16 September 2015|title=African Footballers in Sweden: Race, Immigration, and Integration in the Age of Globalization|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bGreCgAAQBAJ&amp;q=emmanuel+kingsley+kevin+Amuneke+brother&amp;pg=PA2011-IA29|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-1375-3509-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Kingsley Amuneken'okporo ụzọ bọọlụ
{{DEFAULTSORT:Amuneke, Kingsley}}
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1311488401|Patrick Ovie]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Patrick Ovie''' (amụrụ na 2 June 1978) bụ onye Naịjirịa bụbu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ nke gbara bọọlụ dịka onye na-agbachitere..

== Ọrụ klọb ==
A mụrụ Ovie na Lagos, ọ malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya na Shooting Stars of Nigeria, tupu ọ kwaga Israel, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ. Na 2002, Ovie sonyeere otu egwuregwu Premier League nke Russia bụ Krylia Sovetov, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ atọ na ọkara sochirinụ tupu ọ banye FC Dynamo Moscow n'oge ọkọchị nke 2006, ya na onye obodo ya bụ Joseph Enakarhire. Ọ lara ezumike nká na Disemba 2009 site na ọrụ bọọlụ ọkachamara ya iji lekọta nwunye ya na-arịa ọrịa.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Egwuregwu ya maka Krylia Sovetov mere ka o nweta ọtụtụ okpu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Naịjirịa]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/football/africa/2997592.stm|title=Nigeria rest key players|date=17 June 2003|accessdate=14 May 2018|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ bụ ọgọ [[Kadiri Ikhana]].

== Edensibia ==
&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Reflist/styles.css&quot; /&gt;{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Patrick Oviena National-Football-Teams.com
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ovie, Patrick}}
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    <title>Azubuike Oliseh</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354515654|Azubuike Oliseh]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Azubuike Cosmas [[Sunday Oliseh]] Jr.''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Azubuike Cosmas Sunday Oliseh Jr..wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na 18 Nọvemba 1978) bụ onye bụbu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa. Ọ gbara bọọlụ ikpeazụ maka Ermis Aradippou na ngalaba mbụ nke Cyprus. Ọ bụ nwanne nwoke nke onyeisi ndị agha Naịjirịa lara ezumike nka bụ Sunday Oliseh na nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye egwuregwu AS Nancy na QPR bụ Egutu Oliseh; nwanne nwoke ọzọ bụ Churchill Oliseh na nwanne nwoke ya bụ Sekou Oliseh..

Azubuike sonyeere ndị obodo ya [[Celestine Babayaro]] na [[James Obiorah]] na Anderlecht, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii. N'ịchọ ọrụ ndị otu mbụ, a gbazinyere Oliseh na Royal Antwerp maka oge 1998-99, tupu ọ kwaga na [[Netherlands|Dutch]] Eredivisie n'afọ sochirinụ.

== Edensibia ==

* Guardian FootballnaỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback  (nke echekwara na 6 Septemba 2012) 
* Azubuike Olisehna National-Football-Teams.com
{{Nigeria squad 2000 Summer Olympics}}
[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Ibrahim Babangida (onye na-agba bọọlụ)</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1344768550|Ibrahim Babangida (footballer)]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Ibrahim Babangida''' (1 Ọgọst 1976 - 9 Mee 2024) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-agba ọsọ n'aka nri.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
A mụrụ Babangida na [[Kaduna]]. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Bank of the North, Stationery Stores F.C. na Katsina United na mba ya nakwa maka klọb Dutch FC Volendam . 

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Babangida nọchitere anya otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Naijiria na 1993 FIFA U-17 World Championship na Japan ma bụrụ onye mmeri ụwa. 

== Ndụ onwe onye na ọnwụ ==
Babangida bụ nwanne nwoke nke onye bụbu onye na-agba ọsọ [[AFC Ajax|Ajax]] [[Tijani Babangida]] na onye bụbu Olympiacos [[Haruna Babangida]]. 

Na ụbọchị itoolu nke ọnwa Mee afọ 2024, Babangida nwụrụ mgbe ọ banyere n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ na Zaria. Ọ dị afọ iri anọ na asaa. Ndị ọzọ bi n'ime ya, gụnyere nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye, Tijani, lanarịrị ihe mberede ahụ..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Olympic gold medallist Babangida, wife hospitalised after road crash, brother dies|url=https://punchng.com/olympic-gold-medallist-babangida-wife-hospitalised-after-road-crash-brother-dies/|accessdate=9 May 2024|work=[[The Punch]]|date=9 May 2024|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Yisa Sofoluwe</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1346143910|Yisa Sofoluwe]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Yisa Sofoluwe''' (28 Disemba 1967 - 9 Febụwarị 2021)bụ ọkachamara bọọlụ Naịjirịa nke gbara bọọlụ dịka onye nchekwa. O meriri bọọlụ iri anọ ma nye otu goolu maka Naịjirịa, ọ bụkwa onye na-azụ aka ekpe ha n'etiti afọ 1983 na 1988, na-egwu egwuregwu na 1984. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Courtney, Barrie|title=African Nations Cup 1984 - Final Tournament Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/84a-det.html|date=2009-06-12|work=[[RSSSF]]|accessdate=2009-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 1988 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Courtney, Barrie|title=African Nations Cup 1988 - Final Tournament Details|url=https://www.rsssf.org/tables/88a-det.html|date=2009-06-12|work=[[RSSSF]]|accessdate=2009-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; African Nations Cup.

A mụrụ ya na [[Abeokuta]], Sofoluwe gbara bọọlụ maka Abiola Babes nke Abeokuta, IICC nke Ibadan na Gateway United F.C. nke Abeokuta.

Ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ azụ aka nri n'etiti afọ 1983 na 1988, na-egwu na 1984 na 1988 African Cup of Nations na Côte d'Ivoire na Morocco.

Yisa Sofoluwe nwụrụ na COVID-19 na Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) na Lagos na 9 Febụwarị 2021, n'etiti ọrịa COVID-19 na Naijiria. Ọ dị afọ iri ise na atọ.

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  <page>
    <title>Chidi Nwanu</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1354532153|Chidi Nwanu]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Chidi Nwanu''' (amụrụ na 1 Jenụwarị 1967 na Port Harcourt) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ azụ. O meriri ugboro iri na otu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]], &lt;ref name=&quot;nft&quot; /&gt; ma soro na ndị otu maka 1994 FIFA World Cup na 1988 Summer Olympics.

N'afọ 1988, mgbe ọ na-egwu egwuregwu maka ACB Lagos, onye nkuzi Patrick Ekeji kwuru na Nwanu achọghị ya. Nwanu gara n'ihu na-egwu egwuregwu na obere ngalaba na Belgium tupu otu Jupiler League KSK Beveren ahọrọ ya. Mgbe oge atọ gachara, ọ kwagara Anderlecht, onye meriri otu egwuregwu ahụ ugboro abụọ n'oge ọnụnọ ya. Nwanu gbara obere egwuregwu; ọ lara ezumike nka mgbe ọ gbasịrị egwuregwu na RKC Waalwijk nke na-enweghị isi.

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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'''Chidi Nwanu''' (amụrụ na 1 Jenụwarị 1967 na Port Harcourt) bụ onye Naijiria bụbu [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba dịka onye na-azụ azụ. O meriri ugboro iri na otu maka [[Nigeria national football team|Ndị otu mba Naịjirịa]], ma soro na ndị otu maka 1994 FIFA World Cup na 1988 Summer Olympics.

N'afọ 1988, mgbe ọ na-egwu egwuregwu maka ACB Lagos, onye nkuzi Patrick Ekeji kwuru na Nwanu achọghị ya. Nwanu gara n'ihu na-egwu egwuregwu na obere ngalaba na Belgium tupu otu Jupiler League KSK Beveren ahọrọ ya. Mgbe oge atọ gachara, ọ kwagara Anderlecht, onye meriri otu egwuregwu ahụ ugboro abụọ n'oge ọnụnọ ya. Nwanu gbara obere egwuregwu; ọ lara ezumike nka mgbe ọ gbasịrị egwuregwu na RKC Waalwijk nke na-enweghị isi.

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Caroline Rémy nke Guebhard</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340038389|Caroline Rémy de Guebhard]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Caroline Rémy nke Guebhard''' (27 Eprel 1855 - 24 Eprel 1929) bụ onye France na-ede akụkọ nke nwere echiche anarchist, socialist, communist na feminist, nke a maara nke ọma n'okpuru aha edemede '''Severin''' . &lt;ref name=&quot;Encyclopedia.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Séverine (1855–1929)|url=https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/severine-1855-1929|work=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=27 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na-akpọ ya nwanyị mbụ na-ede akụkọ na France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-02-24|title=Séverine, première grande journaliste, écrivaine et féministe française|url=https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/il-etait-une-femme/severine-premiere-grande-journaliste-ecrivaine-et-feministe-francaise-8025200|accessdate=2024-08-21|work=France Inter|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Around 1880, Caroline Rémy became involved with Jules Vallès' socialist publication, ''Cri du Peuple''. Vallès eventually gave her control over the newspaper due to his poor health. Becoming increasingly militant, she befriended journalist and feminist Marguerite Durand but, following a confrontation with the Marxist Jules Guesde, left the newspaper in 1888. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Na Disemba 1891, Pierre Martinet kpọrọ ya - mgbe e mesịrị onye na-ekwu maka anarchism nke onwe ọ bụla - ka ọ gaa otu n'ime 'okwu oriri' ya na Salle Favier.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=10 December 1891|title=La soupe des compagnons|work=Paris|pages=2|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihe omume ndị a bu n'uche inye ndị bịara akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ anarchist tupu ha ekwuo okwu anarchist.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Ọ gara n'ihu na-ede akwụkwọ maka akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ nke ọ kwalitere nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị ma katọọ ikpe na-ezighị ezi nke ọha mmadụ, gụnyere ihe gbasara Dreyfus. Na 1897, ọ malitere ide maka akwụkwọ akụkọ nwanyị nwanyị Durand kwa ụbọchị La Fronde.&lt;ref name=&quot;L'Humanité&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Séverine De son vrai nom Caroline Rémy, insurgée toute sa vie|url=https://www.humanite.fr/medias/severine-de-son-vrai-nom-caroline-remy-insurgee-toute-sa-vie-500413|work=L'Humanité|accessdate=27 May 2019|language=fr|date=9 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Rémy bụ onye aka ekpe siri ike, ọ kwadoro ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe, gụnyere ịgbachitere Germaine Berton, ma sonye na mbọ 1927 iji zọpụta Sacco na Vanzetti. Ọ kwadoro Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Russia nke 1917 ma, na 1921, sonye na French Communist Party, gbaa arụkwaghịm afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị iji nọgide na-abụ onye otu Human Rights League.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daily Bleed&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Caroline Remy, known under the name Severine|url=http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/SeverineCarolineRemy.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051028113523/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/SeverineCarolineRemy.htm|archivedate=28 October 2005|work=The Daily Bleed: A Calendar|accessdate=27 May 2019|date=28 October 2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bernard Lecache, a founding member of the Committee of Honor of International League Against Anti-Semitism (LICA), (now International League Against Racism and Anti-Semitism (LICRA)), wrote her biography. Her portrait was painted by Pierre-Auguste Renoir in 1885 and now hangs in the National Gallery of Art in [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]]. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
[[Faịlụ:CarolineRemy-Renoir.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Caroline Rémy, foto nke Pierre-Auguste Renoir]]
Caroline Rémy died in 1929 at her home in Pierrefonds, Oise department in the Picardy region of France. Some of her papers can be found in the Bibliothèque Marguerite Durand in Paris. &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, o tinyere aka na mkpọsa ahụ iji kwado nkwado nke Dr. Albert Besson, onye a họpụtara onye ndụmọdụ nke district Saint-Fargeau, onye ndụmọdụ izugbe nke Seine mgbe ahụ osote onye isi oche nke Council of Paris na General Council nke Seine. N'afọ 1933, na ebe nchekwa ya, o mere ntuli aka nke kansụl Paris maka njirimara aha &quot;Séverine&quot; na square nke e kere na ụzọ ya Porte de Bagnolet (Paris 20).&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

Lucien Le Foyer họpụtara ya maka Nobel Peace Prize na 1920, 1922, 1924, 1927 na 1929. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mehlin|first=Hans|date=2024-05-21|title=Nomination%20Archive|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=5785|accessdate=2024-08-21|work=NobelPrize.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Clear}}

== Ihe ngosi ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed-hover&quot; caption=&quot;Séverine&quot;&gt;
Faịlụ:Séverine_suffragettes.jpeg
Faịlụ:Séverine_Peace_Congress_1925.png
Faịlụ:Obsèques_Sévérine_Pierrefonds.png
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Anarchism na France
* Ụmụ nwanyị n'ọrụ mgbasa ozi

== Edensibia ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==
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*  
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051028113523/http://recollectionbooks.com/bleed/Encyclopedia/SeverineCarolineRemy.htm Caroline Remy] na Anarchist Encyclopedia
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Remy de Guebhard, Caroline}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Paule Régnier</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1237684697|Paule Régnier]]&quot;</comment>
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[[Faịlụ:Photographie_de_Paule_Régnier_par_Henri_Manuel.jpg|thumb|Foto Paule Régnier nke Henri Manuel sere.jpg]]
'''Paule Joseph Marie Eugénie Charlotte Régnier''' (19 June 1888 na Fontainebleau (Seine-et-Marne) - 1 December 1950 na Meudon (Hauts-de-Seine&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.archinoe.fr/cg77v2/index.php/docnumViewer/calculHierarchieDocNum/522959/873:888295:890716:14110:522959/900/1600|title=Archives of Seine-et-Marne, commune of Fontainebleau, birth certificate (number 111), year 1888 (with marginal mention of death) (page 41/87)|accessdate=2017-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170227062228/http://www.archinoe.fr/cg77v2/index.php/docnumViewer/calculHierarchieDocNum/522959/873:888295:890716:14110:522959/900/1600|archivedate=2017-02-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;) bụ onye edemede French, laureate nke Grand prix du roman de l'Académie française na 1934.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Paule Regnier tolitere na Versailles, ebe ezigara nna ya, onye ọrụ ọrụ, na 1890, na ebe ọ hapụrụ ezinụlọ ya mgbe ọrụ nke ọrụ agha mere ka ọ gbanwee ebe obibi ya. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị na 1902, nne ya kwagara ya na ụmụnne ya nwanyị abụọ tọrọ ya na Paris. Mgbe alụmdi na nwunye nke ndị a gasịrị, Paule Regnier nọrọ naanị ya na nne ya ruo ọnwụ nke ikpeazụ na 1926.

== Ọrụ ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.academie-francaise.fr/paule-regnier Paule Régnier] na saịtị nke Académie française
* [http://www.gallimard.fr/Contributeurs/Paule-Regnier Paule Régnier] na Mbipụta Gallimard
* [http://www.nuitblanche.com/rubrique/ecrivains-meconnus-du-xxe-siecle/2010/11/paule-regnier-1888-1950/ Paule Régnier] na N'abalị Ọcha''N'abalị Na-enweghị Ụbọchị''
{{Grand Prix du roman de l'Académie française}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Regnier, Paule}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Marie de Régnier</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1243991954|Marie de Régnier]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Marie de Régnier''' (; 20 Disemba 1875 – 6 Febụwarị 1963), nke ahakwa nwa agbọghọ ya bụ '''Marie de Heredia''' ma ọ bụ aha ya pen '''Gérard d'Houville''' ( French: [ʒeʁaʁ duvil]), bụ onye odeakụkọ na onye na-ede uri nke France, ma tinyekwa aka na nkeji iri abụọ na nka nke Paris.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Marie de Heredia bụ nwa nwanyị nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nke onye France na-ede uri a mụrụ na Cuban José-Maria de Heredia, site na nwata, ya na ọtụtụ ndị edemede na ndị na-ese ihe bịara n'ụlọ nna ya, gụnyere Leconte de Lisle, Anna nke Noailles, Paul Valéry, Pierre Louÿs na Anatole France.

Ndụ onwe ya dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ lụrụ onye na-ede uri Henri de Régnier, mana ya na Pierre Louÿs nwere mmekọrịta ogologo oge, onye nwere ike ịbụ nna nwa ya nwoke Pierre de Régnier (1898-1943). Ọ kpọkwara ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ n'anya, gụnyere Edmond Jaloux, Jean-Louis Vaudoyer, Gabriele D'Annunzio (n'oge ọ nọ na Paris site na 1910 ruo 1914), na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Henri Bernstein. Mmekọrịta ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị n'ihu ọha mekwara ka asịrị banyere mmekọahụ nke ya.

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ a maara nke ọma maka mmekọrịta ya na ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ, Marie de Régnier bụ onye na-ede uri na onye na-ede akwụkwọ n'onwe ya, &quot;ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee nkà nke nhụsianya nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ nke afọ ya mepụtara.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapiro&quot;&gt;Norman R. Shapiro (Ed.), ''French Women Poets of Nine Centuries'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|9780801888045}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dere mgbalị mbụ ya na uri na Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, ebe nna ya bụ onye nduzi. Ya na ndị enyi ya gbara ya ume site na nwata,  ma mesịa malite ibipụta akwụkwọ n'okpuru aha di ya, mgbe e mesịrị were aha nwoke &quot;Gérard d'Houville&quot; (nke sitere na aha nne nne Norman, &quot;Louise Gérard d&quot;Houville &quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Girard d'Ouville&quot; [1]). O mechara kwuo na iji aha pen ya bụ ụzọ isi kewapụ onwe ya na di ya na nna ya a ma ama, mana ọ bụghị mgbalị siri ike igbanwe mmekọahụ ya: ndị nkatọ nke oge a na ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ezo aka mgbe niile na &quot;Madame&quot; Gérard d'Houville.&lt;ref name=&quot;Engelking&quot; /&gt;

Ọrụ ya pụtara na Revue des deux Mondes site na 1894 ma nwee mmasị n'ọtụtụ ebe, ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ jiri ya tụnyere Mallarmé. A chịkọtabeghị ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị a n'ime mbipụta nke oge a. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, L'Inconstante, pụtara na 1903.

== Mmeghachi omume na ihe nketa ==
[[Faịlụ:Blanche_-_Marie_de_Regnier.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Marie de Régnier na-ese foto ya n'ụlọ ọrụ Jacques-Émile Blanche, 1893. Foto nke Giuseppe Primoli.]]
A na-eto ọrụ De Heredia n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọ bụ onye odee na-ewu ewu na ọha na eze yana ndị nkatọ. Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ French L'Intransigeant jụrụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na 1910 ka ha kpọọ ndị edemede nwanyị atọ kachasị elu kwesịrị ịnọ na Académie française, &quot;Gérard d'Houville&quot; nọ n'ọkwá dị elu, n'elu Anna nke Noailles na [[Colette]]. N'afọ 1918, ọ natara Grand Prix de Littérature nke Académie française, nke e nyere maka akụkọ ifo ya, na 1958 e nyekwara ya Grand Prix de Poésie nke Académie maka ọrụ uri ya - ruo taa, ọ bụ naanị nwanyị natara onyinye abụọ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Milligan&quot; /&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'oge ahụ sere ya, gụnyere Jacques-Émile Blanche na Jean-Louis Forain. Ọ bụkwa isiokwu nke ọtụtụ foto Pierre Louÿs gba ọtọ.

== Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ==

* L'Inconstante, akwụkwọ akụkọ, 1903&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Review of ''L'Inconstante'' by Gérard d'Houville|journal=The Athenaeum|issue=3940|date=May 2, 1903|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKA5AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA560}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ohu'', 1905
* ''Oge Ịhụnanya'', 1908
* ''Onye Na-adọrọ Adọrọ'', 1914
* Nwa agbọghọ, 1916
* Ihe na-adịghị mma maka gị, 1921
* Le Roman des quatre, 1923 (nke ya na Paul Bourget, Henri Duvernois na Pierre Benoit jikọrọ aka dee) 
* ''Chou'', 1924
* ''Abụ iri abụọ'', 1925
* ''Nwatakịrị'', 1925
* ''Ndụ Ịhụnanya nke Eze Nwanyị Josephine'', 1925
* ''Ndị na-eme ihe ọchị'', 1925
* ''Paris na njem'', 1925
* N'ụlọ onye majik, 1926
* Onye ọcha na onye ezì, 1926
* ''Echiche ziri ezi'', 1926
* ''Echere m na m hụrụ gị n'anya... Ilu asaa'', 1927
* ''Ohu hụrụ n'anya'', 1927
* ''Ndụ Ịhụnanya nke Belle Hélène'', 1928
* ''Diademus nke Flore'', 1928
* ''Ịhụnanya'', 1929
* ''Nrọ Rikiki'', 1930
* ''Abụ Ndị A Na-ede'' Maka Ịhụrụ
* ''Eze Nwanyị Josephine'', 1933
* ''Akpụkpọ ahụ'', 1935
* ''Oge Ịhụnanya'', 1935
* Ụmụ agbọghọ na Ndị Ịhụnanya, 1946

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Marie de Laubier (onye ndu), Une muse de la Belle Époque: Marie de Régnier, BNF, 2004   

== Ihe nkiri ==

* 2019: Curiosa, ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke France nke Lou Jeunet duziri. 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.paradis-des-albatros.fr/?poete=houville Abụ ndị a họọrọ] (n'asụsụ French) 

== Edensibia ==
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'''Marie de Régnier''' (; 20 Disemba 1875 – 6 Febụwarị 1963), nke ahakwa nwa agbọghọ ya bụ '''Marie de Heredia''' ma ọ bụ aha ya pen '''Gérard d'Houville''' ( French: [ʒeʁaʁ duvil]), bụ onye odeakụkọ na onye na-ede uri nke France, ma tinyekwa aka na nkeji iri abụọ na nka nke Paris.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Marie de Heredia bụ nwa nwanyị nke abụọ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ nke onye France na-ede uri a mụrụ na Cuban José-Maria de Heredia, site na nwata, ya na ọtụtụ ndị edemede na ndị na-ese ihe bịara n'ụlọ nna ya, gụnyere Leconte de Lisle, Anna nke Noailles, Paul Valéry, Pierre Louÿs na Anatole France.

Ndụ onwe ya dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọ lụrụ onye na-ede uri Henri de Régnier, mana ya na Pierre Louÿs nwere mmekọrịta ogologo oge, onye nwere ike ịbụ nna nwa ya nwoke Pierre de Régnier (1898-1943). Ọ kpọkwara ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ahụ n'anya, gụnyere Edmond Jaloux, Jean-Louis Vaudoyer, Gabriele D'Annunzio (n'oge ọ nọ na Paris site na 1910 ruo 1914), na onye na-eme ihe nkiri Henri Bernstein. Mmekọrịta ya na ndị ọrụ ibe ya na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị n'ihu ọha mekwara ka asịrị banyere mmekọahụ nke ya.

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ bụ ezie na mgbe ụfọdụ a maara nke ọma maka mmekọrịta ya na ndị na-ese ihe ndị ọzọ, Marie de Régnier bụ onye na-ede uri na onye na-ede akwụkwọ n'onwe ya, &quot;ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị kasị nwee nkà nke nhụsianya nke ụmụ nwanyị na-ede akwụkwọ nke afọ ya mepụtara.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shapiro&quot;&gt;Norman R. Shapiro (Ed.), ''French Women Poets of Nine Centuries'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008, {{ISBN|9780801888045}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dere mgbalị mbụ ya na uri na Bibliothèque de l'Arsenal, ebe nna ya bụ onye nduzi. Ya na ndị enyi ya gbara ya ume site na nwata,  ma mesịa malite ibipụta akwụkwọ n'okpuru aha di ya, mgbe e mesịrị were aha nwoke &quot;Gérard d'Houville&quot; (nke sitere na aha nne nne Norman, &quot;Louise Gérard d&quot;Houville &quot; ma ọ bụ &quot;Girard d'Ouville&quot; [1]). O mechara kwuo na iji aha pen ya bụ ụzọ isi kewapụ onwe ya na di ya na nna ya a ma ama, mana ọ bụghị mgbalị siri ike igbanwe mmekọahụ ya: ndị nkatọ nke oge a na ndị na-ekwu okwu na-ezo aka mgbe niile na &quot;Madame&quot; Gérard d'Houville.&lt;ref name=&quot;Engelking&quot;&gt;Tama Lea Engelking, ‘The Secret Rebellion of a Literary Daughter: The Poetry of Gérard d'Houville’, ''French Literary Series'' vol. XVI, 1989&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọrụ ya pụtara na Revue des deux Mondes site na 1894 ma nwee mmasị n'ọtụtụ ebe, ụfọdụ ndị nkatọ jiri ya tụnyere Mallarmé. A chịkọtabeghị ọtụtụ n'ime uri ndị a n'ime mbipụta nke oge a. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, L'Inconstante, pụtara na 1903.

== Mmeghachi omume na ihe nketa ==
[[Faịlụ:Blanche_-_Marie_de_Regnier.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Marie de Régnier na-ese foto ya n'ụlọ ọrụ Jacques-Émile Blanche, 1893. Foto nke Giuseppe Primoli.]]
A na-eto ọrụ De Heredia n'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ọ bụ onye odee na-ewu ewu na ọha na eze yana ndị nkatọ. Mgbe akwụkwọ akụkọ French L'Intransigeant jụrụ ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ na 1910 ka ha kpọọ ndị edemede nwanyị atọ kachasị elu kwesịrị ịnọ na Académie française, &quot;Gérard d'Houville&quot; nọ n'ọkwá dị elu, n'elu Anna nke Noailles na [[Colette]]. N'afọ 1918, ọ natara Grand Prix de Littérature nke Académie française, nke e nyere maka akụkọ ifo ya, na 1958 e nyekwara ya Grand Prix de Poésie nke Académie maka ọrụ uri ya - ruo taa, ọ bụ naanị nwanyị natara onyinye abụọ ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Milligan&quot;&gt;Jennifer E. Milligan, ''The Forgotten Generation: French Women Writers of the Inter-war Period'', Berg Publishers 1996, {{ISBN|1859731139}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Milligan&quot; /&gt;

Ọtụtụ ndị na-ese ihe na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'oge ahụ sere ya, gụnyere Jacques-Émile Blanche na Jean-Louis Forain. Ọ bụkwa isiokwu nke ọtụtụ foto Pierre Louÿs gba ọtọ.

== Akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ ==

* L'Inconstante, akwụkwọ akụkọ, 1903&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Review of ''L'Inconstante'' by Gérard d'Houville|journal=The Athenaeum|issue=3940|date=May 2, 1903|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oKA5AQAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA560}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ohu'', 1905
* ''Oge Ịhụnanya'', 1908
* ''Onye Na-adọrọ Adọrọ'', 1914
* Nwa agbọghọ, 1916
* Ihe na-adịghị mma maka gị, 1921
* Le Roman des quatre, 1923 (nke ya na Paul Bourget, Henri Duvernois na Pierre Benoit jikọrọ aka dee) 
* ''Chou'', 1924
* ''Abụ iri abụọ'', 1925
* ''Nwatakịrị'', 1925
* ''Ndụ Ịhụnanya nke Eze Nwanyị Josephine'', 1925
* ''Ndị na-eme ihe ọchị'', 1925
* ''Paris na njem'', 1925
* N'ụlọ onye majik, 1926
* Onye ọcha na onye ezì, 1926
* ''Echiche ziri ezi'', 1926
* ''Echere m na m hụrụ gị n'anya... Ilu asaa'', 1927
* ''Ohu hụrụ n'anya'', 1927
* ''Ndụ Ịhụnanya nke Belle Hélène'', 1928
* ''Diademus nke Flore'', 1928
* ''Ịhụnanya'', 1929
* ''Nrọ Rikiki'', 1930
* ''Abụ Ndị A Na-ede'' Maka Ịhụrụ
* ''Eze Nwanyị Josephine'', 1933
* ''Akpụkpọ ahụ'', 1935
* ''Oge Ịhụnanya'', 1935
* Ụmụ agbọghọ na Ndị Ịhụnanya, 1946

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* Marie de Laubier (onye ndu), Une muse de la Belle Époque: Marie de Régnier, BNF, 2004   

== Ihe nkiri ==

* 2019: Curiosa, ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ nke France nke Lou Jeunet duziri. 

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://www.paradis-des-albatros.fr/?poete=houville Abụ ndị a họọrọ] (n'asụsụ French) 

== Edensibia ==
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1353779851|Sirarpie Der Nersessian]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Sirarpie Der Nersessian''' (5 September 1896 – 5 July 1989) was an art historian who specialized in the art of Armenia and the Byzantine Empire. Der Nersessian was a renowned academic and a pioneer in Armenian art history. She taught at several institutions in the United States, including Wellesley College in Massachusetts and as Henri Focillon Professor of Art and Archaeology at [[Harvard University]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|authorlink=Dickran Kouymjian|author=Kouymjian|first=Dickran|chapter=Sirarpie Der Nersessian (1896-1989): Pioneer of Armenian Art History|title=Medievalists and the Academy|editor=Jane Chance|location=Madison|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|year=2005}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DumbartonOaks&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Allen, Jelisaveta, Nina G. Garsoïan, Ihor Ševčenko, Robert W. Thomson|title=Sirarpie Der Nersessian: 1896-1989|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=43|pages=ix–xi|year=1989}}&lt;/ref&gt; She was a senior fellow at Dumbarton Oaks, its deputy director from 1954 to 1955 and 1961–62, and a member of its Board of Scholars. Der Nersessian was also a member of several international institutions such as the British Academy (1975), the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1978), and the Armenian Academy of Sciences (1966).&lt;ref name=&quot;DumbartonOaks&quot; /&gt; By the 1970s, she was recognized as the leading scholar in Armenian studies.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Mirak|first=Robert|title=Sirarpie Der Nersessian, The Armenians (New York: Praeger, 1970)|journal=[[The Armenian Review]]|date=Spring 1971|volume=XXIV|issue=1–93|pages=78–80|url=https://tert.nla.am/archive/NLA%20AMSAGIR/Armenian-review/1971(1-93).pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==

=== Mmụta ===
A mụrụ Der Nersessian dị ka nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ atọ na Constantinople na 1896. Ọ si n'ezinụlọ bara ọgaranya (nwanne nne ya bụ onye isi ndị Armenia nke Constantinople Maghakia Ormanian n'oge ahụ). &lt;ref name=&quot;DumbartonOaks&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Allen, Jelisaveta, Nina G. Garsoïan, Ihor Ševčenko, Robert W. Thomson|title=Sirarpie Der Nersessian: 1896-1989|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=43|pages=ix–xi|year=1989}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne na nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ ka dị obere: nne ya Akabi, mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu, na nna ya Mihran, mgbe ọ bụ afọ iri na asatọ. Ọ gara Essayan School na English High School for Girls na Constantinople, wee mụta asụsụ Armenian, Bekee na French nke ọma mgbe ọ dị obere. N'afọ 1915, n'oge oke Mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke Armenia, Der Nersessian na nwanne ya nwanyị Arax (n'oge ahụ ụmụ mgbei) jisiri ike gbaga Europe, biri na Geneva. 

Der Nersessian gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Geneva ruo ọtụtụ afọ ruo mgbe ọ kwagara Paris na 1919. &lt;ref name=&quot;SAE&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|language=hy|authorlink=Levon Chookaszian|author=Chookaszian|first=Levon|chapter=Ter Nersesyan, Sirarpi Mihrani|title=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia|location=Yerevan|publisher=Armenian Encyclopedia|year=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; A nabatara ya na Sorbonne, ebe ọ gụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na École des Hautes Études de l'université de Paris . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'okpuru Ndị ọkà mmụta Byzantium Charles Diehl na Gabriel Millet na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Henri Focillon . &lt;ref name=&quot;SAE&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 1922, ọ ghọrọ onye na-enyere Millet aka, ma site n'enyemaka ya, bipụtara otu n'ime isiokwu mbụ ya n'afọ 1929.&lt;ref name=&quot;DumbartonOaks&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Allen, Jelisaveta, Nina G. Garsoïan, Ihor Ševčenko, Robert W. Thomson|title=Sirarpie Der Nersessian: 1896-1989|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=43|pages=ix–xi|year=1989}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ edemede abụọ ahụ (ụmụ akwụkwọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ ga-etinyerịrị edemede abụọ) nke o nyere maka doctorate d'etat ya, &quot;L'illustration du roman de Barlaam et Joasaph&quot; na akwụkwọ edemede gbasara akwụkwọ edemede ndị Armenian nwere ìhè n'oge ikpeazụ nke oge ochie,  natara ya nke ọma, na-ewetara ya Mention très honorable, ma Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres na Revue des Études Grecques nyere ha abụọ ihe nrite mgbe e bipụtara na 1937.

=== Prọfesọ na onye ọsụ ụzọ ===
N'afọ 1930, Der Nersessian kwagara na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na aro nke ndị nkuzi ya atọ, ndị Byzantinist Charles Rufus Morey, Albert M. Friend Jr., na Walter Cook, na-aghọ onye nkuzi oge na Wellesley College na [[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]]. Ọ kụziri akụkọ ihe mere eme nka na Wellesley, e wee bulie ya elu ngwa ngwa ka ọ bụrụ prọfesọ zuru oke ma mechaa bụrụ onyeisi oche nke ngalaba mmemme akụkọ ihe mere eme nka na onye nduzi nke Farnsworth Museum (nke bụ ugbu a Davis Museum).        &lt;ref name=&quot;SAE&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|language=hy|authorlink=Levon Chookaszian|author=Chookaszian|first=Levon|chapter=Ter Nersesyan, Sirarpi Mihrani|title=Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia|location=Yerevan|publisher=Armenian Encyclopedia|year=1985}}&lt;/ref&gt; Der Nersessian bụ nwaanyị mbụ kụziri nka Byzantium na kọleji ụmụ nwanyị, nwanyị mbụ e ji ihe nrite nke Saint Gregory the Illuminator chọọ mma site na Catholicos Vazgen I na 1960, nwanyị mbụ a kpọrọ oku ka ọ gaa kuzie okwu na Collège de France dị na Paris, naanị nwanyị n'oge ya nwetara ọkwa prọfesọ zuru oke na Dumbarton Oaks, na nwanyị nke abụọ a gọziri agọzi site n'aka Society of Antiquaries of London na 1970.  N'afọ 1947, ọ natara onyinye Achievement Award site na American Association of University Women.

Der Nersesian nọgidere na Dumbarton Oaks ruo 1978, mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na France wee biri na nwanne ya nwanyị na Paris.&lt;ref name=&quot;DumbartonOaks&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Allen, Jelisaveta, Nina G. Garsoïan, Ihor Ševčenko, Robert W. Thomson|title=Sirarpie Der Nersessian: 1896-1989|journal=Dumbarton Oaks Papers|volume=43|pages=ix–xi|year=1989}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, e zigara ọbá akwụkwọ ya niile na Matenadaran na Yerevan, iji nyere ndị ọkà mmụta Armenia aka n'ọmụmụ ihe ha. Obere oge ka ọ nwụsịrị n'afọ 1989, e mepụtara ego onyinye maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere ike ịmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nka na Armenia, Fonds Sirarpie Der Neressian na Institut de Recherches sur les Miniatures Arméno-Byzantines, iji sọpụrụ ya.

== Họrọ akwụkwọ ndekọ ==
Ihe omuma nke Der Nersessian lekwasịrị anya na akụkọ ihe mere eme, na kpọmkwem na ọmụmụ nke ụlọ ụka, ihe odide na-enwu gbaa, obere ihe na ihe ọkpụkpụ.

Akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 1945 bụ Armenia and the Byzantine Empire ka ndị na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme David Talbot Rice, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Armenia and the Byzantine Empire by Sirapie der Nercessian Review by: David Talbot Rice|journal=[[The English Historical Review]]|volume=61|issue=240|date=May 1946|pages=271–272|doi=10.1093/ehr/LXI.CCLX.271-b}}&lt;/ref&gt; Jurgis Baltrušaitis, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Armenia and the Byzantine Empire. A Brief Study in Armenian Art and Civilization by Sirarpie der Nersessian; Henri Grégoire Review by: Jurgis Baltrušaitis|journal=The Art Bulletin|volume=28|issue=2|pages=124–125|date=June 1946|doi=10.2307/3047064|author=Baltrušaitis|first=Jurgis}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Alexander Vasiliev toro. &lt;ref name=&quot;Vasiliev&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Armenia and the Byzantine Empire. A Brief Study of Armenian Art and Civilization by Sirapie Der Nersessian Review by: A. Vasiliev|journal=[[Speculum (journal)|Speculum]]|volume=20|issue=4|date=October 1945|pages=491–494|doi=10.2307/2856749}}&lt;/ref&gt; Vasiliev dere na nyocha ya nke akwụkwọ ahụ na ọ bụ &quot;onye kachasị mma n'oge anyị na akụkọ ihe mere eme, nka, na mmepeanya Armenia. &quot;  Vrej Nersessian kọwara nka Armenia ya (1979, French: 1977) dị ka &quot;akwụkwọ kachasị mma na nke kachasị mma&quot; na isiokwu ahụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;Vasiliev&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Nersessian|first=Vrej|title=Armenia (World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 163)|date=1993|publisher=[[Clio Press]]|location=Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'okpuru ebe a bụ ndepụta akwụkwọ na akụkọ ndị o dere. 

=== Akwụkwọ ===

* ''Armenia na Alaeze Ukwu Byzantium''. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1945.
* Aght'amar: Chọọchị nke Holy Cross. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1964.
* Ihe odide Armenia na Walters Art Gallery. Baltimore: The Trustees, 1973.
* ''Obere ihe osise Armenia sitere na Isfahan''. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
* ''Ndị Armenia''. New York: Praeger, 1969.
* (n'asụsụ French) L'Art arménien. Paris: Ihe osise Europe. Akwụkwọ ndị e sere na fim nke ihe osise na akụkọ ihe mere eme, 1965.
* (n'asụsụ French) ''Ihe osise nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Barlaam na Joasaph''. Paris: nke Boccard, 1937
* Obere ihe osise na Alaeze Armenia nke Cilicia site na narị afọ nke iri na abụọ ruo na narị afọ iri na anọ. Washington D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Studies, 1993.

=== Isiokwu na isiakwụkwọ ===

* &quot;The Armenian Chronicle of the Constable Smpad ma ọ bụ nke 'Royal Historian.'&quot; Dumbarton Oaks Papers 13 (1959): peeji nke 141-168.&amp;nbsp;
* &quot;An Armenian Gospel of the Fifteenth Century,&quot; The Boston Public Library Quarterly 2 (1950): peeji nke 3-20.&amp;nbsp;
* (n'asụsụ Armenian) &quot;A General View of the Manuscripts of San Lazarro&quot; ''[[Bazmavep]]'' (1947): peeji nke 269-272.&amp;nbsp;
* &quot;Pagan and Christian Art in Egypt. Ihe ngosi na Brooklyn Museum. &quot; The Art Bulletin 33 (1941): peeji nke 165-167.&amp;nbsp;
* &quot;Ọrụ Ebube Abụọ nke Virgin na Poems nke Gautier de Coincy,&quot; Dumbarton Oaks Papers 41 (1987): peeji nke 157-163.&amp;nbsp;
* &quot;Alaeze nke Cilician Armenia,&quot; na Kenneth M. Setton, ed. , A History of the Crusades, mpịakọta. 2: Agha Ntụte Ndị Ọzọ, 1189-1311. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1969.

== Edensibịa ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Sirarpie Der Nersessian Papers and Photographs, Dumbarton Oaks.
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1340991043|Pauline Rebour]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Pauline Rebour''' (1878-1956) bụ onye France agụmakwụkwọ a ma ama maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Feminist Society of Le Havre ma bụrụ onye otu French Union for Women's Suffrage (1914), na Secular and Democratic Action of Women (1935). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rebour  Pauline [née Boyenval, Pauline, Étiennette, Marie] – Maitron|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article231453|accessdate=2021-05-14|work=maitron.fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Rebour na Disemba 1878 na Mortain, France na Théophile Boyenval, onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na onye nchịkwa kọleji, na Alice Harel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rebour  Pauline [née Boyenval, Pauline, Étiennette, Marie] – Maitron|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article231453|accessdate=2021-05-14|work=maitron.fr}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article231453 &quot;Rebour  Pauline &amp;#x5B;née Boyenval, Pauline, Étiennette, Marie&amp;#x5D; – Maitron&quot;]. ''maitron.fr''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ ya bara ọgaranya, na-ekwe ka ọ gaa agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. A na-ekwu na gburugburu ebe a bụ ihe e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị ndị nkuzi nkuzi ọha na France n'oge Rebour.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Rebour nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'iwu &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=McMillan|first=James|title=France and Women, 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=0-415-22602-3|location=London|pages=213|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma bụrụ onye ọka iwu n'oge ọ nọ na French Union for Women's Suffrage dị ka akụkụ nke kọmitii etiti ya.  Ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ gụnyere Jeanne Chauvin, Olga Petit, Suzanne Grinberg, na Marcelle Kraemer-Bach . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Mgbalị ==
Nkwalite Rebour n'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Feminist Society of Le Havre bụ nke a kwadoro maka ịmanye Le Havre inye ndị nkuzi ụmụ nwanyị otu ego nke ndị ọrụ ibe ha na-enweta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Oldfield|first=Sybil|title=International Woman Suffrage: October 1918–September 1920|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-0-415-25740-4|location=Oxon|pages=310|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ ya, ọ kwalite izi ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke n'ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Karnaouch|first=Denise|date=2003|title=Feminism and coeducation in Europe before 1914|journal=[[Clio. Women, Gender, History]]|volume=18|pages=21–41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya maka Federation Feministe Universitaire nyekwara aka n'inweta mmeso nhata maka ndị nkuzi nwanyị na France.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Rebour gbakwara mbọ n'ịkwalite mmasị ụmụ nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ọgwụgwụ 1912, ọ bụ otu n'ime olu wakporo mwepu nke ụmụ nwanyị na nhọpụta nke ndị ozi 250 nke France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Offen|first=Karen|title=Debating the Woman Question in the French Third Republic, 1870–1920|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1-107-18804-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=427|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịzaghachi nkwupụta ahụ na ụmụ nwanyị adịghị mkpa ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere mmetụta n'ụlọ, o dere na La Francaise na mwepụ site na kọmitii ahụ na-ekwusi ike na nne na ụmụaka kpughere ntụpọ nke arụmụka ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Andersen|first=Margaret Cook|title=Regeneration Through Empire: French Pronatalists and Colonial Settlement in the Third Republic|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-8032-6525-7|location=Lincoln|pages=254|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye isi nke ngalaba nhọpụta nke CNFF na nkwado nke di ya, Raoul, onye bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị dị elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=McMillan|first=James|title=France and Women, 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=0-415-22602-3|location=London|pages=213|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMcMillanMcmillan2002&quot;&gt;McMillan, James; Mcmillan, Professor James F. (2002). ''France and Women, 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics''. London: Routledge. p.&amp;nbsp;213. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-415-22602-3|&lt;bdi&gt;0-415-22602-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, Rebour ewepụtala echiche radical feminist ndị dị iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ndị ọgbọ ya kwalitere. Ọ dọọla aka ná ntị megide imebiga ihe ókè n'agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị, na-arụ ụka na ọ dịghị eme ka ụmụ nwanyị nweta votu ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọha nke e debere maka ụmụ nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Clark|first=Linda L.|title=The Rise of Professional Women in France: Gender and Public Administration since 1830|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-1-139-42686-2|location=Cambridge, UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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'''Pauline Rebour''' (1878-1956) bụ onye France agụmakwụkwọ a ma ama maka ọrụ ya dị ka onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Feminist Society of Le Havre ma bụrụ onye otu French Union for Women's Suffrage (1914), na Secular and Democratic Action of Women (1935). &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Rebour na Disemba 1878 na Mortain, France na Théophile Boyenval, onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ na onye nchịkwa kọleji, na Alice Harel.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Rebour  Pauline [née Boyenval, Pauline, Étiennette, Marie] – Maitron|url=https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article231453|accessdate=2021-05-14|work=maitron.fr}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://maitron.fr/spip.php?article231453 &quot;Rebour  Pauline &amp;#x5B;née Boyenval, Pauline, Étiennette, Marie&amp;#x5D; – Maitron&quot;]. ''maitron.fr''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2021-05-14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ezinụlọ ya bara ọgaranya, na-ekwe ka ọ gaa agụmakwụkwọ ka elu. A na-ekwu na gburugburu ebe a bụ ihe e ji mara ụmụ nwanyị ndị nkuzi nkuzi ọha na France n'oge Rebour.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

Rebour nwetara akara ugo mmụta n'iwu &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; ma bụrụ onye ọka iwu n'oge ọ nọ na French Union for Women's Suffrage dị ka akụkụ nke kọmitii etiti ya.  Ndị ya na ha dịkọrọ ndụ gụnyere Jeanne Chauvin, Olga Petit, Suzanne Grinberg, na Marcelle Kraemer-Bach . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;Hause, Steven &amp; Kenney, Anne. (1981). The Limits of Suffragist Behavior: Legalism and Militancy in France, 1876–1922. ''The American Historical Review,'' ''86''(4), 781–806.&lt;/ref&gt; Her contemporaries include [[Jeanne Chauvin]], [[Olga Petit]], [[Suzanne Grinberg]], and Marcelle Kraemer-Bach.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Mgbalị ==
Nkwalite Rebour n'oge ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Feminist Society of Le Havre bụ nke a kwadoro maka ịmanye Le Havre inye ndị nkuzi ụmụ nwanyị otu ego nke ndị ọrụ ibe ha na-enweta.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Oldfield|first=Sybil|title=International Woman Suffrage: October 1918–September 1920|publisher=Taylor &amp; Francis|year=2003|isbn=978-0-415-25740-4|location=Oxon|pages=310|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka akụkụ nke mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ ya, ọ kwalite izi ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ nwoke n'ụlọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Karnaouch|first=Denise|date=2003|title=Feminism and coeducation in Europe before 1914|journal=[[Clio. Women, Gender, History]]|volume=18|pages=21–41}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ ya maka Federation Feministe Universitaire nyekwara aka n'inweta mmeso nhata maka ndị nkuzi nwanyị na France.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Rebour gbakwara mbọ n'ịkwalite mmasị ụmụ nwanyị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. N'ọgwụgwụ 1912, ọ bụ otu n'ime olu wakporo mwepu nke ụmụ nwanyị na nhọpụta nke ndị ozi 250 nke France.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Offen|first=Karen|title=Debating the Woman Question in the French Third Republic, 1870–1920|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2018|isbn=978-1-107-18804-4|location=Cambridge, UK|pages=427|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ịzaghachi nkwupụta ahụ na ụmụ nwanyị adịghị mkpa ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ebe ọ bụ na ha nwere mmetụta n'ụlọ, o dere na La Francaise na mwepụ site na kọmitii ahụ na-ekwusi ike na nne na ụmụaka kpughere ntụpọ nke arụmụka ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Andersen|first=Margaret Cook|title=Regeneration Through Empire: French Pronatalists and Colonial Settlement in the Third Republic|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2015|isbn=978-0-8032-6525-7|location=Lincoln|pages=254|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye isi nke ngalaba nhọpụta nke CNFF na nkwado nke di ya, Raoul, onye bụ onye ọrụ gọọmentị dị elu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=McMillan|first=James|title=France and Women, 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics|publisher=Routledge|year=2002|isbn=0-415-22602-3|location=London|pages=213|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFMcMillanMcmillan2002&quot;&gt;McMillan, James; Mcmillan, Professor James F. (2002). ''France and Women, 1789–1914: Gender, Society and Politics''. London: Routledge. p.&amp;nbsp;213. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-415-22602-3|&lt;bdi&gt;0-415-22602-3&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, Rebour ewepụtala echiche radical feminist ndị dị iche ma e jiri ya tụnyere nke ndị ọgbọ ya kwalitere. Ọ dọọla aka ná ntị megide imebiga ihe ókè n'agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị, na-arụ ụka na ọ dịghị eme ka ụmụ nwanyị nweta votu ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọha nke e debere maka ụmụ nwoke.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Clark|first=Linda L.|title=The Rise of Professional Women in France: Gender and Public Administration since 1830|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=2000|isbn=978-1-139-42686-2|location=Cambridge, UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Régine Raufast</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1154863183|Régine Raufast]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="2165" sha1="b5s22ude220zy5gfbodts5dhshcnwg0" xml:space="preserve">Régine Raufast (nwuru na 1946) bụ onye France na-ede uri na onye edemede, onye so n'òtù nzuzo La main à plume 'Mgbe ndị Nazi bi na France.&lt;ref name=&quot;Aspley2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Keith Aspley|title=Historical Dictionary of Surrealism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KK7JHqNrRsC&amp;pg=PA405|year=2010|publisher=Scarecrow Press|isbn=978-0-8108-5847-3|pages=405–6|chapter=Raufast, Régine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ ==
N'akụkụ onye na-ede uri Laurence Iché na onye na-ese ihe Czech [[Edith Hirschová|Tita]], Raufast na-arụsi ọrụ ike na La main à plume, na-ede abụ maka mbipụta mbụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Rosemont2000&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Penelope Rosemont|title=Surrealist Women|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hMIru5bweYgC&amp;pg=PA154|year=2000|publisher=A&amp;C Black|isbn=978-0-567-17128-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya na Raoul Ubac nwere mmekọrịta, ọ bụkwa ihe nlereanya maka foto Ubac nke 1939 La Nébuleuse. Mmekọrịta ya na Christian Dotremont dị site n'April 1941 ruo March 1943. &lt;ref name=&quot;AllmerGelder2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Patricia Allmer|title=Collective Inventions: Surrealism in Belgium|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bKc0AQAAIAAJ|year=2007|publisher=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-90-5867-592-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ihe mkpali maka uri abụọ dị ogologo nke Dotremont na 1942, Oleossoonne ma ọ bụ oge Speculative na Queen of the Walls.&lt;ref name=&quot;RichardsonAdes2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bertrand Schmitt|editor=Michael Richardson|title=The International Encyclopedia of Surrealism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMnKDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA236|year=2019|publisher=Bloomsbury Visual Arts|isbn=978-1-4742-2648-6|pages=235–8|chapter=Christian Dotremont}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Raufast gburu onwe ya n'afọ 1946. Dotremont deere ya ụtụ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị n'akwụkwọ akụkọ Suractuel nke Belgian surrealist.

== Ọrụ ==

* 'Image et photographie', na La Conquête du Monde par l'Image, Paris: Éditions de la Main à Plume, 1942.
* 'Der Kubismus und die Gegenwart', na Wort und Tat, No. 2 (September 1946) 

== Edensibia ==
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  <page>
    <title>Muriel Cerf</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1335281250|Muriel Cerf]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Muriel Cerf4 June 1950 - 19 May 2012) bụ onye France na-ede akwụkwọ ozi na onye na-ede njem.''' (&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.lepoint.fr/culture/mort-de-la-romanciere-muriel-cerf-25-05-2012-1465306_3.php|title=Mort de la romancière Muriel Cerf - Le Point|publisher=Lepoint.fr|date=25 May 2012|accessdate=2012-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ ya na Paris.  Mgbe ọ ọmụmụ akwụkwọ Baccalaureate ya, ọ ike nka ihe na École du Louvre . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Macmillan|first=Pan|year=1981|title=Sex &amp; Sensibility: Stories by Contemporary Women Writers from Nine Countries|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Sex_Sensibility/vOVZAAAAMAAJ|accessdate=28 January 2026|location=Ann Arbor, Michigan|publisher=University of Michigan|isbn=978-0-283-98670-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ mbụ ya, L'Antivoyage, sitere na njem ya na Ndịda Ọwụwa iwu Eshia, ọ bụkwa ihe ịga nke ọma.  E nyere ya Prix Littéraire Valery Larbaud na 1975 maka Le Diable vert .

== Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ ==

* ''Njem Njem'' (1974) 
* Ekwensu Na-acha Akwụkwọ ndụ (1975) 
* ''Ndị Eze na Ndị Ozu'' (1975) 
* ''Marie Tiefenthaler'' (1982) 
* ''Julia M. ma ọ bụ Anya Mbụ'' (1991) 
* ''Obere Okpu'' (2005) 

== Ihe odide ==
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