Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.5 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 3712 654184 179151 2026-06-06T20:18:50Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654184 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Thanh Long ở Ninh Thuận.jpg|thumb|Osisi]]Osisi na-abụkarị photosynthetic eukaryotes, na-akpụ alaeze Plantae. Ọtụtụ bụ multicellular. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, alaeze osisi ahụ gụnyere ihe niile dị ndụ na-abụghị anụmanụ, gụnyere algae na fungi. Nkọwa niile dị ugbu a na-ewepu fungi na ụfọdụ algae. N'otu nkọwa, osisi na-etolite clade Viridiplantae (Latin maka "osisi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ") nke mejupụtara algae ndụ ndụ na embrayophytes ma ọ bụ osisi ala. Nke ikpeazụ gụnyere hornworts, liverworts, mosses, lycophytes, ferns, conifers na gymnosperms ndị ọzọ, na osisi okooko. Nkọwa dabere na genome gụnyere Viridiplantae, yana algae na-acha uhie uhie na glaucophytes, na clade Archaeplastida. Osisi ndụ ndụ ndụ na-enweta ọtụtụ ike ha site na ìhè anyanwụ, na-eji chloroplasts sitere na endosymbiosis na cyanobacteria. Chloroplasts na-eji chlorophyll pigment eme photosynthesis, nke na-enye ha agba ndụ ndụ. Ụfọdụ osisi na-ata ahụhụ, ha enwekwaghị ike imepụta chlorophyll nkịtị ma ọ bụ photosynthesize. A na-eji osisi eme ihe site na mmeputakwa mmekọahụ na mgbanwe nke ọgbọ, mana mmeputakwa asexual bụkwa ihe a na-ahụkarị. E nwere ihe dị ka ụdị osisi 380,000 a maara, nke ọtụtụ n'ime ha, ihe dị ka 260,000, na-emepụta mkpụrụ. Osisi ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na-enye oke nke ikuku oxygen nke ụwa ma bụrụkwa ihe ndabere nke ọtụtụ usoro okike nke ụwa. Mkpụrụ, mkpụrụ osisi, na akwụkwọ nri bụ nri ụmụ mmadụ bụ isi ma bụrụ ndị a zụlitere kemgbe ọtụtụ puku afọ. Osisi nwere ọtụtụ ọdịbendị na ihe ndị ọzọ, dị ka ihe ịchọ mma, ihe owuwu, ihe ederede, na, n'ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche, ha abụwo isi iyi nke ọgwụ. A maara ọmụmụ sayensị nke osisi dị ka botany, alaka nke ihe ndị dị ndụ. === Echiche ndị ọzọ === {| class="wikitable" !Aha (s) !Ebe ọ na-aga !Nkọwa |- |Osisi ala, nke a makwaara dị ka Embryophyta |Plantae ''sensu strictissimo'' |'''Osisi n'echiche siri ike''' gụnyere liverworts, hornworts, mosses, na vascular plants, yana fossil plants yiri ndị a dị ndụ (dịka, Metaphyta Whittaker, 1969, Plantae <small>Margulis</small>, 1971).<ref name="ib.usp.br">{{Cite journal|author=Whittaker|first=R. H.|year=1969|title=New concepts of kingdoms or organisms|url=https://www.ib.usp.br/inter/0410113/downloads/Whittaker_1969.pdf|journal=Science|volume=163|issue=3863|pages=150–160|doi=10.1126/science.163.3863.150|pmid=5762760|accessdate=4 November 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Margulis|first=Lynn|authorlink=Lynn Margulis|year=1971|title=Whittaker's five kingdoms of organisms: minor revisions suggested by considerations of the origin of mitosis|journal=Evolution|volume=25|issue=1|pages=242–245|doi=10.2307/2406516|pmid=28562945}}</ref> |- |'''Osisi ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Viridiplantae''', '''Viridiphyta''', '''Chlorobionta''' ma ọ bụ '''Chloroplastida''' |Plantae sensu stricto |'''Osisi n'echiche siri ike''' gụnyere algae na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, na osisi ala ndị pụtara n'ime ha, gụnyere nkume. A ka na-arụ ọrụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ìgwè osisi, aha ndị e nyere ha dịgasị iche iche. Cl<nowiki><i id="mwiw">a</i></nowiki>de Viridiplantae na-agụnye otu ìgwè nke ihe ndị dị ndụ nwere cellulose na mgbidi mkpụrụ ndụ ha, nwere chlorophylls a na b ma nwee plastids ejikọtara naanị membrane abụọ nwere ike photosynthesis na ichekwa starch. Nke a bụ isi isiokwu nke isiokwu a (dịka, Plantae <small>Copeland</small>, 1956).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Copeland|first=H. F.|year=1956|title=The Classification of Lower Organisms|publisher=Pacific Books|url=https://archive.org/details/classificationof00cope}}</ref> |- |Archaeplastida, nke a makwaara dị ka Plastida ma ọ bụ Primoplantae |Plantae sensu lato |'''Osisi n'echiche sara mbara''' gụnyere osisi ndị na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ edepụtara n'elu tinyere algae na-acha ọbara ọbara (Rhodophyta) na algae glaucophyte (Glaucophyta) nke na-echekwa starch Floridean n'èzí plastids, na cytoplasm. Nke a na-agụnye ihe niile dị ndụ nke eons gara aga nwetara chloroplasts ha bụ isi site na ilo cyanobacteria (dịka, Plantae Cavalier-Smith, 1981).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cavalier-Smith|first=Tom|authorlink=Tom Cavalier-Smith|year=1981|title=Eukaryote Kingdoms: Seven or Nine?|journal=BioSystems|volume=14|issue=3–4|pages=461–481|doi=10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2|pmid=7337818}}</ref> |- |Nkọwa ochie nke osisi (nke ochie) |Plantae sensu amplo |'''Osisi n'echiche sara mbara''' na-ezo aka na nke ochie, nke ochie nke na-etinye ìgwè ndị na-enweghị njikọ nke algae, fungi na nje bacteria na Plantae (dịka, Plantae ma ọ bụ Vegetabilia <small>Linnaeus</small>, Plantae <small>Haeckel 1866</small>, Metaphyta Haeckel, 1894, Plantae Whittaker, 1969).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Linnaeus|first=Carl|authorlink=Carl Linnaeus|date=1751|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D18OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA37|title=Philosophia botanica|location=Stockholm|language=Latin|publisher=Godofr. Kiesewetter|edition=1st}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Haeckel|first=Ernst|authorlink=Ernst Haeckel|year=1866|title=Generale Morphologie der Organismen|publisher=Verlag von Georg Reimer|location=Berlin}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Haeckel|first=Ernst|authorlink=Ernst Haeckel|date=1894|url=https://archive.org/details/systematischephy01haec|title=Die systematische Phylogenie}}</ref><ref name="ib.usp.br" /> |} == Ọdịdị == [[Usòrò:Cosmarium201512081550.JPG|thumb|The desmid ''Cosmarium botrytis'' is a single cell.]] {| class="wikitable sortable" |+'''Diversity of living green plant (Viridiplantae) divisions by number of species''' !Informal group !Division name !Common name !No. of living species |- | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;&quot;" |Green algae |Chlorophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Green algae (chlorophytes) | style="text-align:right;" |3800–4300 |- |Charophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Green algae (e.g. desmids & stoneworts) | style="text-align:right;" |2800–6000 |- | rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top;&quot;" |Bryophytes |Marchantiophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Liverworts | style="text-align:right;" |6000–8000 |- |Anthocerotophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Hornworts | style="text-align:right;" |100–200 |- |Bryophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Mosses | style="text-align:right;" |12000 <ref name="Goffinet & Buck 2004">{{Cite journal|author=Goffinet|first=Bernard|year=2004|title=Systematics of the Bryophyta (Mosses): From molecules to a revised classification|journal=Monographs in Systematic Botany|volume=98|pages=205–239}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;" |Pteridophytes |Lycopodiophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Clubmosses | style="text-align:right;" |1200 <ref name="Raven 2005">{{Cite book|author=Raven|first=Peter H.|year=2005|title=Biology of Plants|url=https://archive.org/details/biologyofplants00rave_0|edition=7th|location=New York|publisher=W.H. Freeman and Company|isbn=978-0-7167-1007-3}}</ref> |- |Polypodiophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Ferns, whisk ferns & horsetails | style="text-align:right;" |11000 <ref name="Raven 2005" /> |- | rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:top;&quot;" |Spermatophyte<br /><br />(seed plants) |Cycadophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Cycads | style="text-align:right;" |160 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Gifford|first=Ernest M.|year=1988|title=Morphology and Evolution of Vascular Plants|edition=3rd|location=New York|publisher=W.H. Freeman and Company|isbn=978-0-7167-1946-5}}</ref> |- |Ginkgophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Ginkgo | style="text-align:right;" |1 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Taylor|first=Thomas N.|year=1993|title=The Biology and Evolution of Fossil Plants|location=New Jersey|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-13-651589-0}}</ref> |- |Pinophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Conifers | style="text-align:right;" |630 <ref name="Raven 2005" /> |- |Gnetophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Gnetophytes | style="text-align:right;" |70 <ref name="Raven 2005" /> |- |Magnoliophyta | style="text-align:left;" |Flowering plants | style="text-align:right;" |258650 |} [[Usòrò:Plant_cell_structure-en.svg|thumb|Plant cell structure]] When reproducing sexually, plants have complex lifecycles involving alternation of generations. One generation, the sporophyte, which is diploid (with 2 sets of chromosomes), gives rise to the next generation, the gametophyte which is haploid (with one set of chromosomes), and in some plants reproduces asexually via spores. In non-flowering plants such as mosses and ferns, the sexual gametophyte forms most of the visible plant.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How Do Plants With Spores Reproduce?|url=https://sciencing.com/plants-spores-reproduce-4568855.html|work=Sciencing|accessdate=7 March 2023}}</ref> In seed plants (gymnosperms and flowering plants), the sporophyte forms most of the visible plant, and the gametophyte is very small. Flowering plants reproduce sexually using flowers, which contain male and female parts: these may be within the same (hermaphrodite) flower, on different flowers on the same plant, or on different plants. Male pollen enters the ovule to fertilize the egg cell of the female gametophyte. Fertilization takes place enclosed within the carpels or ovaries, which develop into fruits that contain seeds. Fruits may be dispersed whole, or they may split open and the seeds dispersed individually.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Barrett|first=S. C. H.|year=2002|title=The evolution of plant sexual diversity|url=http://labs.eeb.utoronto.ca/barrett/pdf/schb_189.pdf|journal=Nature Reviews Genetics|volume=3|issue=4|pages=274–284|doi=10.1038/nrg776|pmid=11967552|accessdate=7 March 2023}}</ref> ; Ebe nchekwa data botanical na ahịhịa * [https://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/africa/recherche.php?langue=an Ebe nchekwa data nke African Plants Initiative] * [https://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/ Australia] * [https://www.chilebosque.cl/ Osisi ndị dị na Chile na ''Chilebosque''] * e-Floras (Flora of China, Flora of North America and others) E debere ya na Wayback Machine * [https://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html Flora Europaea] * [https://www.floraweb.de/ Flora nke Central Europe] (n'asụsụ German) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220219202016/http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1 Flora nke North America] E debere ya na Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220316094850/http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/botanical_name/list_of_japanese_wild_plants_abelia_buxus.htm Ndepụta nke] Japanese Wild Plants Online E debere ya na Wayback Machine * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070616151737/https://ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php Zute Ogige Botanical nke Mba Tropical] * [https://www.wildflower.org/ Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Native Plant Information Network na Mahadum Texas, Austin] * [https://plants.usda.gov/ Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo nke United States] abụghị nanị maka ụdị US {{Botany}}{{Eukaryota classification|state=collapsed}}{{Nature nav}}{{Horticulture and Gardening}}{{Life on Earth}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q756}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Osisi]] 8ay8xz65lpynhqqa0heirmw9fc475c0 0 6688 654259 93891 2026-06-07T09:03:59Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Umuogele Ntigha''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa-Umuogele Ntigha.wav|Listen}}bụ [[ama ukwu]] no na [[Afrịka]] ala ana-kpo [[Naigeria]]. [[Òtù:Ȯra Abia]] 8aah9jvgs4su0k8iiy2kg0pdnqdn5bn 0 6689 654260 93803 2026-06-07T09:18:54Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Uturu''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa-Uturu.wav|Listen}} bụ [[ama ukwu]] no na [[Afrịka]] ala ana-kpo [[Naigeria]]. [[Òtù:Ȯra Abia]] eetsz0b569pqjioy53ggzqj5sauqx5t 0 7621 654195 179156 2026-06-06T23:56:56Z Anastesia chi 23720 Improved article 654195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|name=Nsukka<!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->|official_name=|other_name=|native_name=<!-- if different from the English name -->|nickname=|settlement_type=Town|total_type=<!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Ariel_view_of_Nsukka_from_the_mountains.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=View of Nsukka from a neighboring hill|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Nigeria <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=<!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=State|subdivision_name1=[[Enugu State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->|seat_type=|seat=|parts_type=|parts_style=<!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->|parts=<!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->|p1=|p2=<!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=<!--add (no-break space) to leader names to disable automatic links-->|leader_title1=Local Government Chairman|leader_name1=Walter Ozioko ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial<!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=5,545.38|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=<!-- Elevation -------------------------->|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=430|elevation_ft=1410|elevation_max_m=|elevation_max_ft=|elevation_min_m=|elevation_min_ft=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 Census|population_footnotes=<ref name=Umuahia_population>{{cite web| url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf| title=Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census| author=Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette| date=15 May 2007| access-date=1 July 2010| archive-date=21 May 2013| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GlkeapzO?url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf| url-status=dead| accessdate=29 September 2022| archivedate=5 March 2012| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf}}</ref>|population_note=|population_total=309,633|population_density_km2=<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->|population_density_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=GMT+1|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coor_type=<!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to -->|coordinates={{coord|6|51|24|N|7|23|45|E|region:NG|display=inline,title}}|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=410|area_code=|iso_code=NG.EN.NS|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|blank_info=[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]|website=|footnotes=}} '''Nsukka''' bụ obodo na mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo dị na Enugu Steeti, Naịjirịa . Nsukka na Edem, Opi (ebe nchọpụta ihe ochie), [[Ede-Oballa]], na Obimo nwere ókèala dị ka obodo. Nsukka bụ isi ọchichi ime ododo govermenti nke Nsukka. Koodu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ 410001 na 410002 na-ezo aka na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke]] Nigeria di na Nsukka Urban.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=20 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=7 October 2009}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Nsukka mejupụtara Mkpunano, Nru, na Ihe'n Owerre. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere usoro na-ezighi ezi nke ịkpọ obodo niile dị n'okpuru Enugu North Senatorial Zone ndị Nsukka. Omume a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na Nsukka nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ nke mpaghara Nsukka nke na-adịghịzi adị n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị. Nsukka bụkwa mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo ma nwee ọtụtụ obodo gụnyere Nsukka ebe ehunyere nukwu ulo akwụkwọ ịzizi nke mbu n´ Naijiri bu mahadum mbụ na Naịjirịa, Mahadum Naịjirị, Nsukka (UNN). Ndị nọ na Nsukka na-asụ asụsụ Igbo akporo ṅska. Nsukka, asụsụ dị n'okpuru [[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|asụsụ Igbo]] buru ibu. A na-enwe mmetụta nke ndị Nsukka ruo na Idah di na steeti Kogi, ezinụlọ Achadu Oko Attah na Idah si Nsukka kwaga n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. '''Agha oge ochie nke Nsukka''' Nsukka na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na nke iri na itoolu nwere otu n'ime ndị agha kachasị ndi agya nile mma n' okpuru ochichi [[Enugu North|Enugu-North]] nke ha ji mee ihe n'ịlụso ndị agbata obi ha agha iji nwetakwuo ókèala maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-arịwanye elu na ebumnuche ndị ọzọ. [citation needed] Obodo ọ bụla nke mejupụtara obodo Nsukka guzo n'ime ha otu ndị agha nke ndị si n'obodo ahụ. [cittion needed] Ọt<u>ụ</u>tụ agha ndi Nsukka nusoro ndị agbata obi ha gara nke ọma nke mere na ụfọdụ obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu rịọrọ enyemaka site na Nsukka iji chebe ha pụọ na ndị mwakpo ha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-02|title=The Death of Arua Ugwuoke and Nsukka's War with Ede-Ọbara|url=https://ekeneugwuanyi.com/2020/08/02/the-death-of-arua-ugwuoke-and-nsukkas-war-with-ede-obara/|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=Ekene Ugwuanyi|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe atụ ọzọ nke buru iche maka Nsukka bụ agha ya na Ejuona-Obukpa (obodo dị na Obukpa) nke mechara kwụsị na ntinye nke akụkụ nke Ejuona - Obukpa. Dị ka D. C. Ugwu si kwuo, ekwesighi ile agha a anya dị ka otu n'etiti Nsukka na Obukpa dum ka Ejuona (obodo ahụ metụtara) jụrụ enyemaka nke Obukpa ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Ugwu|first=D. C.|title=This is Obukpa: The History of a Typical Ancient State|publisher=Fourth Dimension Publishers|year=1985|isbn=9789781562884|location=Enugu|pages=3}}</ref> Ka ọ na-eru mgbe agha ahụ na ebi, Nsukka nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'iweghara akụkụ nke Ejuona-Obukpa, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kpochapụ otu obodo (Umugboguru) nke ndị bi na ya niile n'ime usoro ahụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Ozioko|first=M. A.|title=Obukpa: Past and Present|publisher=De-Adroit Innovation|year=2005|location=Enugu|pages=55–56}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe == {{Weather box|location=Nsukka|metric first=Y|single line=Y|Jan record high C=36.1|Feb record high C=36.9|Mar record high C=37.8|Apr record high C=36.7|May record high C=35.0|Jun record high C=33.3|Jul record high C=35.0|Aug record high C=32.8|Sep record high C=32.8|Oct record high C=34.4|Nov record high C=35.0|Dec record high C=35.6|year record high C=37.8|Jan high C=33.5|Feb high C=34.9|Mar high C=34.7|Apr high C=33.6|May high C=32.0|Jun high C=30.5|Jul high C=29.5|Aug high C=29.6|Sep high C=30.2|Oct high C=31.2|Nov high C=32.6|Dec high C=32.9|year high C=32.1|Jan mean C=25.6|Feb mean C=27.2|Mar mean C=28.3|Apr mean C=27.4|May mean C=26.6|Jun mean C=25.5|Jul mean C=25.0|Aug mean C=24.8|Sep mean C=24.8|Oct mean C=25.3|Nov mean C=26.0|Dec mean C=25.6|year mean C=26.0|Jan low C=20.3|Feb low C=22.8|Mar low C=23.9|Apr low C=23.9|May low C=23.1|Jun low C=22.6|Jul low C=22.3|Aug low C=22.3|Sep low C=22.1|Oct low C=22.3|Nov low C=21.6|Dec low C=20.0|year low C=22.3|Jan record low C=12.8|Feb record low C=12.8|Mar record low C=16.1|Apr record low C=19.4|May record low C=19.4|Jun record low C=18.9|Jul record low C=19.4|Aug record low C=18.9|Sep record low C=18.3|Oct record low C=18.9|Nov record low C=14.4|Dec record low C=12.2|year record low C=12.2|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=18.8|Feb precipitation mm=15.4|Mar precipitation mm=70.3|Apr precipitation mm=130.1|May precipitation mm=217.2|Jun precipitation mm=251.9|Jul precipitation mm=241.9|Aug precipitation mm=237.1|Sep precipitation mm=292.0|Oct precipitation mm=200.9|Nov precipitation mm=12.1|Dec precipitation mm=7.7|year precipitation mm=1695.4|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=1.4|Feb precipitation days=1.2|Mar precipitation days=3.9|Apr precipitation days=6.8|May precipitation days=12.2|Jun precipitation days=13.7|Jul precipitation days=15.6|Aug precipitation days=15.3|Sep precipitation days=17.8|Oct precipitation days=12.2|Nov precipitation days=1.3|Dec precipitation days=0.7|year precipitation days=102.1|time day=15:00 [[Standard time|LST]]|Jan humidity=34.3|Feb humidity=37.4|Mar humidity=45.6|Apr humidity=56.4|May humidity=63.6|Jun humidity=68.5|Jul humidity=71.3|Aug humidity=70.8|Sep humidity=70.3|Oct humidity=66.4|Nov humidity=50.5|Dec humidity=38.7|year humidity=56.1|Jan sun=186.0|Feb sun=173.6|Mar sun=182.9|Apr sun=183.0|May sun=186.0|Jun sun=153.0|Jul sun=117.8|Aug sun=117.8|Sep sun=123.0|Oct sun=173.6|Nov sun=219.0|Dec sun=217.0|year sun=2032.7|Jand sun=6.0|Febd sun=6.2|Mard sun=5.9|Aprd sun=6.1|Mayd sun=6.0|Jund sun=5.1|Juld sun=3.8|Augd sun=3.8|Sepd sun=4.1|Octd sun=5.6|Novd sun=7.3|Decd sun=7.0|yeard sun=|source 1=NOAA<ref name = NOAA> {{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65257.TXT | title = Enugu Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 22 July 2016}}</ref>|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes)<ref name = DWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_652570_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Enugu / Nigeria | work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 22 July 2016}}</ref>|date=August 2010}}''Eshu'' bụ ụdị ehi Igbo nke a na-eji eme ememe olili ozu na mpaghara ọdịbendị Nsukka nke [[Igboland]]. Ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka madu enweta ememe olili ozu, dị ka otu na mgbe ha nwụrụ, ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye ha, na ma ọ bụrụ ma ha na-eme otu ememe ahụ maka ndị mụrụ ha. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ruru eru, mgbe ahụ, a na-eme emume ahụ iji hụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ nwere ike izu ike n'udo ma bulie ha n'ọnọdụ dị elu n'ime ụwa mmụọ. E nwere ọtụtụ anụmanụ nke enwere ike iji ma anụmanụ ọ bụla nwere ihe dị iche. Ehi bụ nke kachasị elu n'etiti ndị a na-eji eme ememe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ossai|first=Anayo Benjamin|date=2016|title=Cow(Eshu) ritual in the funeral rite: the sigificance in the Nsukka cultural area of Igboland|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrhr/article/view/141460|journal=Journal of Religion and Human Relations|language=en|volume=8|issue=2|pages=35–54|doi=10.4314/jrhr.v8i2|issn=2006-5442}}</ref> === Omenala Ndishi === N' omenala ndi Igbo ọdịnala, umu-nwoke werechara ọnọdụ na ịchị ọchichi na-achịkwa kpamkpam. A ga-ahụ ụmụ nwanyị mana a gaghị anụ ha: ọ bụ ụwa nke nwoke. Ma ọ bụ na ọchịchị kwa ụbọchị, ọrụ akụ na ụba, okpukpe, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ụmụ nwanyị rụrụ ọrụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na ọha mmadụ. Nwoke nwere ike ịlụ ọtụtụ ndị nwunye dịka ọ chọrọ. Ndị inyom ndị na-eto eto nwere ike ịbụ ndị ọgbọ nke ụmụ mbụ ya. Ọ na-esiri ike iburu n'uche ma di ahụ bụ nwoke iji mee ka ọtụtụ ndị nwunye nwee afọ ojuju. Iji nyochaa ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'etiti ndị a na-alụ karịa otu nwanyị, ndị Nsukka Igbo guzobere omenala Ndishi / Nna.  Omenala Ndishi / Nna na-egosi nkwupụta ime mmụọ n'etiti ndị Nsukka nke sitere na akụkọ ifo. Omenala ahụ machibidoro nwanyị ọ bụla lụrụ di itinye aka n'ụdị ọ bụla nke ihe omume na-abụghị alụmdi na nwunye ma ọ bụ nyere aka na mmekọrịta ahụ na-enweghị ikike di. A na-adọkarị ụmụ nwanyị si n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Igboland ndị lụrụ ụmụ nwoke nke mpaghara a aka ná ntị banyere ịdị irè nke ọdịnala a. Ọ bụ nkwenye zuru oke n'etiti ndị mmadụ na omume ọ bụla dị otú ahụ na-adọta iwe nke chi, nke na-akpata ara ozugbo maka onye mebiri iwu. N'iji usoro dị mma nke gụnyere, nyocha nke ndị sonyere, ajụjụ ọnụ indepth na ọdịnala ọnụ, ndị nchọpụta nyochara ike nke ọdịnala a n'ịtụle ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi alụmdi na nwunye.  A họọrọ obodo Enugu-Ezike, Obollo, na Imilike nke nwere omenala ọdịbendị dị iche iche n'etiti ndị Nsukka maka ọmụmụ ahụ. A ga-etinye echiche nke ntaramahụhụ na mgbochi Johannes Andenaeesão.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ngozika Obi-Ani|date=2016|title=Ndishi/ Nna Tradition among Nsukka Igbo: Crude Tool in a Man's World|url=http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.1.2576.1529|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.2576.1529}}</ref> === Ime ihe mkpuchi === A maara Nsukka dị ka obodo nwnere ọt<u>ụtụ ọ</u>dịnala ma ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo Igbo nke ka na-akwado omume ọdịnala ya okachasi ememme nmo<ref>{{Cite web|title=IGBO CULTURE IS SUPERB: WATCH NSUKKA MASQURADE (Oriokpa)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeXfXsnEmcE}}</ref> Masquerades ndị a na-abịa na agba na ọdịdị dị iche iche, ụfọdụ na-eme nke ọma ebe ụfọdụ na-agbagọ agbagọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Ikem|first=Felix|date=January 30, 2019|title=Masquerades of terror in Nsukka|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/masquerades-of-terror-in-nsukka/|work=The Sun: Voice of the Nation}}</ref> Nsukka masquerade na-ewere aha dị iche iche na obodo dị iche iche. Na Obollo Afor, a na-akpọ ya Akatakpa; na Igbo Etiti, a maara ya dị ka Odo; na Orba a maara ya dịka Ogede; na Nsukka, a na'akpọ ya Oriokpa.<ref name=":2" /> N'oge ochie, masquerades bụ ebe a na-agbakọta ka ha na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche site na ntụrụndụ ruo ime udo, nchịkwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, a na-ejikwa ya maka ebumnuche nchekwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2022|title=How Masquerade Brought Mayhem in Nsukka Community|url=https://bellnewsonline.com/how-masquerade-brought-mayhem-in-nsukka-community/|work=Bell News Online}}</ref> == Ihe odide ==  {{Enugu State}}{{Cities in Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Obodo di gasi na Enugu steeti ọchichi governmenti ime obodo]] [[Òtù:Obodo dị na Steeti Enugwu]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1gpn5ti6m9utt16fb34vhdby4ar5ook 654232 654195 2026-06-07T05:38:31Z Chinemeremprince 13026 654232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See Template:Infobox Settlement for additional fields that may be available--> <!--See the Table at Infobox Settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> <!-- Basic info ---------------->|name=Nsukka<!-- at least one of the first two fields must be filled in -->|official_name=|other_name=|native_name=<!-- if different from the English name -->|nickname=|settlement_type=Town|total_type=<!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->|motto=<!-- images and maps ----------->|image_skyline=Ariel_view_of_Nsukka_from_the_mountains.jpg|imagesize=|image_caption=View of Nsukka from a neighboring hill|image_flag=|flag_size=|image_seal=|seal_size=|image_shield=|shield_size=|image_blank_emblem=|blank_emblem_type=|blank_emblem_size=|image_map=|mapsize=|map_caption=|image_map1=|mapsize1=|map_caption1=|image_dot_map=|dot_mapsize=|dot_map_caption=|dot_x=|dot_y=|pushpin_map=Nigeria <!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->|pushpin_label_position=<!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->|pushpin_map_caption=|pushpin_mapsize=<!-- Location ------------------>|subdivision_type=Country|subdivision_name={{flag|Nigeria}}|subdivision_type1=State|subdivision_name1=[[Enugu State]]|subdivision_type2=|subdivision_name2=<!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government -->|seat_type=|seat=|parts_type=|parts_style=<!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5-->|parts=<!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->|p1=|p2=<!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--> <!-- Politics ----------------->|government_footnotes=|government_type=|leader_title=|leader_name=<!--add (no-break space) to leader names to disable automatic links-->|leader_title1=Local Government Chairman|leader_name1=Walter Ozioko ([[Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria)|PDP]])|established_title=<!-- Settled -->|established_date=<!-- Area --------------------->|area_magnitude=|unit_pref=Imperial<!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->|area_footnotes=|area_total_km2=5,545.38|area_land_km2=<!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->|area_water_km2=|area_total_sq_mi=|area_land_sq_mi=|area_water_sq_mi=|area_water_percent=<!-- Elevation -------------------------->|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref> tags-->|elevation_m=430|elevation_ft=1410|elevation_max_m=|elevation_max_ft=|elevation_min_m=|elevation_min_ft=<!-- Population ----------------------->|population_as_of=2006 Census|population_footnotes=<ref name=Umuahia_population>{{cite web| url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf| title=Legal Notice on Publication of the Details of the Breakdown of the National and State Provisional Totals 2006 Census| author=Federal Republic of Nigeria Official Gazette| date=15 May 2007| access-date=1 July 2010| archive-date=21 May 2013| archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6GlkeapzO?url=http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf| url-status=dead| accessdate=29 September 2022| archivedate=5 March 2012| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305101910/http://www.nigerianstat.gov.ng/nbsapps/Connections/Pop2006.pdf}}</ref>|population_note=|population_total=309,633|population_density_km2=<!--For automatic calculation, any density field may contain: auto -->|population_density_sq_mi=<!-- General information --------------->|timezone=GMT+1|utc_offset=|timezone_DST=|utc_offset_DST=|coor_type=<!-- can be used to specify what the coordinates refer to -->|coordinates={{coord|6|51|24|N|7|23|45|E|region:NG|display=inline,title}}|postal_code_type=3-digit postal code prefix|postal_code=410|area_code=|iso_code=NG.EN.NS|blank_name=[[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]|blank_info=[[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]]|website=|footnotes=}} '''Nsukka''' ''{{Audio|Ig-Nsukka.ogg|(Mkpoputa)}}'' bụ obodo na mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo dị na Enugu Steeti, Naịjirịa . Nsukka na Edem, Opi (ebe nchọpụta ihe ochie), [[Ede-Oballa]], na Obimo nwere ókèala dị ka obodo. Nsukka bụ isi ọchichi ime ododo govermenti nke Nsukka. Koodu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ 410001 na 410002 na-ezo aka na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke]] Nigeria di na Nsukka Urban.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=20 October 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=7 October 2009}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Nsukka mejupụtara Mkpunano, Nru, na Ihe'n Owerre. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, e nwere usoro na-ezighi ezi nke ịkpọ obodo niile dị n'okpuru Enugu North Senatorial Zone ndị Nsukka. Omume a nwere ike ịbụ n'ihi na Nsukka nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ nke mpaghara Nsukka nke na-adịghịzi adị n'okpuru ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị. Nsukka bụkwa mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo ma nwee ọtụtụ obodo gụnyere Nsukka ebe ehunyere nukwu ulo akwụkwọ ịzizi nke mbu n´ Naijiri bu mahadum mbụ na Naịjirịa, Mahadum Naịjirị, Nsukka (UNN). Ndị nọ na Nsukka na-asụ asụsụ Igbo akporo ṅska. Nsukka, asụsụ dị n'okpuru [[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|asụsụ Igbo]] buru ibu. A na-enwe mmetụta nke ndị Nsukka ruo na Idah di na steeti Kogi, ezinụlọ Achadu Oko Attah na Idah si Nsukka kwaga n'akụkọ ihe mere eme. '''Agha oge ochie nke Nsukka''' Nsukka na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ na nke iri na itoolu nwere otu n'ime ndị agha kachasị ndi agya nile mma n' okpuru ochichi [[Enugu North|Enugu-North]] nke ha ji mee ihe n'ịlụso ndị agbata obi ha agha iji nwetakwuo ókèala maka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-arịwanye elu na ebumnuche ndị ọzọ. [citation needed] Obodo ọ bụla nke mejupụtara obodo Nsukka guzo n'ime ha otu ndị agha nke ndị si n'obodo ahụ. [cittion needed] Ọt<u>ụ</u>tụ agha ndi Nsukka nusoro ndị agbata obi ha gara nke ọma nke mere na ụfọdụ obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu rịọrọ enyemaka site na Nsukka iji chebe ha pụọ na ndị mwakpo ha.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-02|title=The Death of Arua Ugwuoke and Nsukka's War with Ede-Ọbara|url=https://ekeneugwuanyi.com/2020/08/02/the-death-of-arua-ugwuoke-and-nsukkas-war-with-ede-obara/|accessdate=2020-09-19|work=Ekene Ugwuanyi|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe atụ ọzọ nke buru iche maka Nsukka bụ agha ya na Ejuona-Obukpa (obodo dị na Obukpa) nke mechara kwụsị na ntinye nke akụkụ nke Ejuona - Obukpa. Dị ka D. C. Ugwu si kwuo, ekwesighi ile agha a anya dị ka otu n'etiti Nsukka na Obukpa dum ka Ejuona (obodo ahụ metụtara) jụrụ enyemaka nke Obukpa ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Ugwu|first=D. C.|title=This is Obukpa: The History of a Typical Ancient State|publisher=Fourth Dimension Publishers|year=1985|isbn=9789781562884|location=Enugu|pages=3}}</ref> Ka ọ na-eru mgbe agha ahụ na ebi, Nsukka nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'iweghara akụkụ nke Ejuona-Obukpa, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kpochapụ otu obodo (Umugboguru) nke ndị bi na ya niile n'ime usoro ahụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|author=Ozioko|first=M. A.|title=Obukpa: Past and Present|publisher=De-Adroit Innovation|year=2005|location=Enugu|pages=55–56}}</ref> == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe == {{Weather box|location=Nsukka|metric first=Y|single line=Y|Jan record high C=36.1|Feb record high C=36.9|Mar record high C=37.8|Apr record high C=36.7|May record high C=35.0|Jun record high C=33.3|Jul record high C=35.0|Aug record high C=32.8|Sep record high C=32.8|Oct record high C=34.4|Nov record high C=35.0|Dec record high C=35.6|year record high C=37.8|Jan high C=33.5|Feb high C=34.9|Mar high C=34.7|Apr high C=33.6|May high C=32.0|Jun high C=30.5|Jul high C=29.5|Aug high C=29.6|Sep high C=30.2|Oct high C=31.2|Nov high C=32.6|Dec high C=32.9|year high C=32.1|Jan mean C=25.6|Feb mean C=27.2|Mar mean C=28.3|Apr mean C=27.4|May mean C=26.6|Jun mean C=25.5|Jul mean C=25.0|Aug mean C=24.8|Sep mean C=24.8|Oct mean C=25.3|Nov mean C=26.0|Dec mean C=25.6|year mean C=26.0|Jan low C=20.3|Feb low C=22.8|Mar low C=23.9|Apr low C=23.9|May low C=23.1|Jun low C=22.6|Jul low C=22.3|Aug low C=22.3|Sep low C=22.1|Oct low C=22.3|Nov low C=21.6|Dec low C=20.0|year low C=22.3|Jan record low C=12.8|Feb record low C=12.8|Mar record low C=16.1|Apr record low C=19.4|May record low C=19.4|Jun record low C=18.9|Jul record low C=19.4|Aug record low C=18.9|Sep record low C=18.3|Oct record low C=18.9|Nov record low C=14.4|Dec record low C=12.2|year record low C=12.2|precipitation colour=green|Jan precipitation mm=18.8|Feb precipitation mm=15.4|Mar precipitation mm=70.3|Apr precipitation mm=130.1|May precipitation mm=217.2|Jun precipitation mm=251.9|Jul precipitation mm=241.9|Aug precipitation mm=237.1|Sep precipitation mm=292.0|Oct precipitation mm=200.9|Nov precipitation mm=12.1|Dec precipitation mm=7.7|year precipitation mm=1695.4|unit precipitation days=1.0 mm|Jan precipitation days=1.4|Feb precipitation days=1.2|Mar precipitation days=3.9|Apr precipitation days=6.8|May precipitation days=12.2|Jun precipitation days=13.7|Jul precipitation days=15.6|Aug precipitation days=15.3|Sep precipitation days=17.8|Oct precipitation days=12.2|Nov precipitation days=1.3|Dec precipitation days=0.7|year precipitation days=102.1|time day=15:00 [[Standard time|LST]]|Jan humidity=34.3|Feb humidity=37.4|Mar humidity=45.6|Apr humidity=56.4|May humidity=63.6|Jun humidity=68.5|Jul humidity=71.3|Aug humidity=70.8|Sep humidity=70.3|Oct humidity=66.4|Nov humidity=50.5|Dec humidity=38.7|year humidity=56.1|Jan sun=186.0|Feb sun=173.6|Mar sun=182.9|Apr sun=183.0|May sun=186.0|Jun sun=153.0|Jul sun=117.8|Aug sun=117.8|Sep sun=123.0|Oct sun=173.6|Nov sun=219.0|Dec sun=217.0|year sun=2032.7|Jand sun=6.0|Febd sun=6.2|Mard sun=5.9|Aprd sun=6.1|Mayd sun=6.0|Jund sun=5.1|Juld sun=3.8|Augd sun=3.8|Sepd sun=4.1|Octd sun=5.6|Novd sun=7.3|Decd sun=7.0|yeard sun=|source 1=NOAA<ref name = NOAA> {{cite web | url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG__I/NI/65257.TXT | title = Enugu Climate Normals 1961–1990 | publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] | access-date = 22 July 2016}}</ref>|source 2=[[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (extremes)<ref name = DWD> {{cite web | url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_652570_kt.pdf | title = Klimatafel von Enugu / Nigeria | work = Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world | publisher = Deutscher Wetterdienst | language = de | access-date = 22 July 2016}}</ref>|date=August 2010}}''Eshu'' bụ ụdị ehi Igbo nke a na-eji eme ememe olili ozu na mpaghara ọdịbendị Nsukka nke [[Igboland]]. Ọtụtụ ihe na-eme ka madu enweta ememe olili ozu, dị ka otu na mgbe ha nwụrụ, ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye ha, na ma ọ bụrụ ma ha na-eme otu ememe ahụ maka ndị mụrụ ha. Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ ruru eru, mgbe ahụ, a na-eme emume ahụ iji hụ na ndị nwụrụ anwụ nwere ike izu ike n'udo ma bulie ha n'ọnọdụ dị elu n'ime ụwa mmụọ. E nwere ọtụtụ anụmanụ nke enwere ike iji ma anụmanụ ọ bụla nwere ihe dị iche. Ehi bụ nke kachasị elu n'etiti ndị a na-eji eme ememe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ossai|first=Anayo Benjamin|date=2016|title=Cow(Eshu) ritual in the funeral rite: the sigificance in the Nsukka cultural area of Igboland|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jrhr/article/view/141460|journal=Journal of Religion and Human Relations|language=en|volume=8|issue=2|pages=35–54|doi=10.4314/jrhr.v8i2|issn=2006-5442}}</ref> === Omenala Ndishi === N' omenala ndi Igbo ọdịnala, umu-nwoke werechara ọnọdụ na ịchị ọchichi na-achịkwa kpamkpam. A ga-ahụ ụmụ nwanyị mana a gaghị anụ ha: ọ bụ ụwa nke nwoke. Ma ọ bụ na ọchịchị kwa ụbọchị, ọrụ akụ na ụba, okpukpe, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, ụmụ nwanyị rụrụ ọrụ dịpụrụ adịpụ na ọha mmadụ. Nwoke nwere ike ịlụ ọtụtụ ndị nwunye dịka ọ chọrọ. Ndị inyom ndị na-eto eto nwere ike ịbụ ndị ọgbọ nke ụmụ mbụ ya. Ọ na-esiri ike iburu n'uche ma di ahụ bụ nwoke iji mee ka ọtụtụ ndị nwunye nwee afọ ojuju. Iji nyochaa ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi alụmdi na nwunye n'akụkụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'etiti ndị a na-alụ karịa otu nwanyị, ndị Nsukka Igbo guzobere omenala Ndishi / Nna.  Omenala Ndishi / Nna na-egosi nkwupụta ime mmụọ n'etiti ndị Nsukka nke sitere na akụkọ ifo. Omenala ahụ machibidoro nwanyị ọ bụla lụrụ di itinye aka n'ụdị ọ bụla nke ihe omume na-abụghị alụmdi na nwunye ma ọ bụ nyere aka na mmekọrịta ahụ na-enweghị ikike di. A na-adọkarị ụmụ nwanyị si n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke Igboland ndị lụrụ ụmụ nwoke nke mpaghara a aka ná ntị banyere ịdị irè nke ọdịnala a. Ọ bụ nkwenye zuru oke n'etiti ndị mmadụ na omume ọ bụla dị otú ahụ na-adọta iwe nke chi, nke na-akpata ara ozugbo maka onye mebiri iwu. N'iji usoro dị mma nke gụnyere, nyocha nke ndị sonyere, ajụjụ ọnụ indepth na ọdịnala ọnụ, ndị nchọpụta nyochara ike nke ọdịnala a n'ịtụle ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi alụmdi na nwunye.  A họọrọ obodo Enugu-Ezike, Obollo, na Imilike nke nwere omenala ọdịbendị dị iche iche n'etiti ndị Nsukka maka ọmụmụ ahụ. A ga-etinye echiche nke ntaramahụhụ na mgbochi Johannes Andenaeesão.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ngozika Obi-Ani|date=2016|title=Ndishi/ Nna Tradition among Nsukka Igbo: Crude Tool in a Man's World|url=http://rgdoi.net/10.13140/RG.2.1.2576.1529|doi=10.13140/RG.2.1.2576.1529}}</ref> === Ime ihe mkpuchi === A maara Nsukka dị ka obodo nwnere ọt<u>ụtụ ọ</u>dịnala ma ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo Igbo nke ka na-akwado omume ọdịnala ya okachasi ememme nmo<ref>{{Cite web|title=IGBO CULTURE IS SUPERB: WATCH NSUKKA MASQURADE (Oriokpa)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xeXfXsnEmcE}}</ref> Masquerades ndị a na-abịa na agba na ọdịdị dị iche iche, ụfọdụ na-eme nke ọma ebe ụfọdụ na-agbagọ agbagọ.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Ikem|first=Felix|date=January 30, 2019|title=Masquerades of terror in Nsukka|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/masquerades-of-terror-in-nsukka/|work=The Sun: Voice of the Nation}}</ref> Nsukka masquerade na-ewere aha dị iche iche na obodo dị iche iche. Na Obollo Afor, a na-akpọ ya Akatakpa; na Igbo Etiti, a maara ya dị ka Odo; na Orba a maara ya dịka Ogede; na Nsukka, a na'akpọ ya Oriokpa.<ref name=":2" /> N'oge ochie, masquerades bụ ebe a na-agbakọta ka ha na-arụ ọrụ dị iche iche site na ntụrụndụ ruo ime udo, nchịkwa mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, a na-ejikwa ya maka ebumnuche nchekwa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2022|title=How Masquerade Brought Mayhem in Nsukka Community|url=https://bellnewsonline.com/how-masquerade-brought-mayhem-in-nsukka-community/|work=Bell News Online}}</ref> == Ihe odide ==  {{Enugu State}}{{Cities in Nigeria}}{{Authority control}} [[Òtù:Obodo di gasi na Enugu steeti ọchichi governmenti ime obodo]] [[Òtù:Obodo dị na Steeti Enugwu]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tglfdr4el5g3w48y557y3sg8me7nt1f 0 9903 654249 196659 2026-06-07T06:03:51Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Usòrò:Kate Henshaw at Lawrence Onochie 50th birthday09 04 40 659000.jpeg|thumb|Kate Henshaw]] '''Kate Henshaw''', ónyé ámàkwàrà dị́ka Kate '''Henshaw-Nuttall''' ámụ̀rụ̀ na 19 Julaị 1971, <ref name="NET">{{Cite news|url=http://thenetng.com/2011/07/06/kate-henshaw-is-40/|title=Kate Henshaw is 40!|accessdate=22 August 2012}}</ref> <ref name="bio1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.katehenshawnuttall.com/mainpage.html|title=Profile of Henshaw-Nuttall at her Website|accessdate=2009-10-08|archivedate=2018-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724202241/http://www.katehenshawnuttall.com/mainpage.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://pmnewsnigeria.com/2012/12/28/2012-a-dramatic-year-for-nigerian-artistes/|title=2012: A Dramatic Year For Nigerian Artistes|accessdate=24 January 2013}}</ref> bụ nwááfō Naịjirịa na- eme ihe nkiri . N'áfọ̀ 2008 ó rìtèrè íhé ńríté Africa Movie Academy Award maka onye ''kacha gbaa mbó ígósìpụ̀tà ákpárámàgwà ánà-èlégárá ányá n'éjìjé "stronger than pain"''.   == Mmàlíté Ńdù == Á mụ̀rụ̀ Henshaw na [[Ȯra Cross River|Cross River State]], ọ́ bụ ñwá mbụ́ n’ime ụ́mụ̀ ànọ́. Kà ọ́ gụ̀chàrà akwụ́kwọ́ praịmarị na sekọ́ndị̀rị̀ na [[Lagos]] na [[Calabar]], Naịjirịa, ọ nọ̀rọ̀ ọ́tụ̀ áfọ̀ na Mahadum Calabar na- àgú ákwụ́kwọ́ mmụ̀tá maka ezi ọ̀gwụ́gwọ́, m̀gbè émèsìrì,ò were gbákwàsá úkwū na Medical Microbiology na School of Medical Lab Science ,LUTH (Lagos University Teaching Hospital) na légōs . Henshaw rụ̀rụ̀ ọ́rụ́ na ụ́lọ̀ọ́gwụ̀ jénàra nke steeti Bauchi . <ref name="bio1"/> Tupu ọ̀ bànyé ị́mī ihe ńkírí, Henshaw rụ̀rụ̀ ọ́rụ́ dịka mmádụ̀ ímààtụ̀, na-ègósìpụ̀tá n'ọ̀tụ́tụ́ àzụ́máhị́á nke gúnyéré ḿbípụ̀tá na ị́gbásàrà ndị shield deodrant ózí na televishonu. <ref>[http://www.mademags.com/kate-henshaw-and-basorge-tariah-in-the-best-sitcom-of-the-year-dogood/ Kate Henshaw and Basorge Tariah in the Best Sitcom of the Year]</ref> == Ọ́rụ́ == N'áfọ̀ 1993, Henshaw gàrà ḿnwàlé màkà ónyé ǹdú na íhé nkírí ''Sun sets'' ma nwétá ọ́rụ́ a.Nke a bụ mbídó ya na ñnúkwú ihe nkírí Nollyood . <ref name="bio1"/> Henshaw èsówàpụ̀tányélá n'íhé kárị́rị́ éjìjé ìrí ànọ́ na ìsé.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1967874/filmoyear|title=Filmography at IMDB|accessdate=2009-10-08}}</ref> N’áfọ̀ 2008, ó nwètàrà íhé ńrítá Africa Movie Academy Award màkà ngósìpụ̀tà ézígbò ''ákpárámàgwà nlégárá ányā n'éjìjé"stronger than pain"''[https://africamagic.dstv.com/show/my-flatmates/kate-henshaw/character .] Á họ́pụ̀tàrà ya dịka nwanyị káchá mà bụ́rù ónyé ákpárámàgwà éjìjé ya pụ̀tàrà ìhè kárịá na "African Movie Academy Award na 2018", na íhé ńkírí "Roti". ọ́ bụ̀zì “ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230426071808/https://irokotv.com/actors/1108/kate-henshaw The face of Onga] ”. <ref name="bio1"/> Henshaw bụ onye ọka íkpé na ''Naịjirịa Got Talent'' . [[File:Kate_Henshaw_on_set_with_Chioma_Toplis_("Stolen_Bible"_2004).jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|./Special:FilePath/Kate_Henshaw_on_set_with_Chioma_Toplis_("Stolen_Bible"_2004).jpg|./Special:FilePath/Kate_Henshaw_on_set_with_Chioma_Toplis_("Stolen_Bible"_2004).jpg]] == Ńghọ̀tá Éjìjé ńdí ọ́ nọ̀ == * <nowiki><i id="mwQw">Above Death: In God We Trust</i></nowiki> (2003) * <nowiki><i id="mwRg">A Million Tears</i></nowiki> (2006) * <nowiki><i id="mwSQ">My Little Secret</i></nowiki> (2006) * <nowiki><i id="mwTA">Stronger Than Pain</i></nowiki> (2007) * <nowiki><i id="mwTw">Show Me Heaven</i></nowiki> (2007) * ''Aremu The Principal'' (2015)<ref>{{Cite web|title='Aremu the Principal': Watch Kate Henshaw, Queen Nwokoye, Oyetoro Hafiz in trailer for new movie|url=http://pulse.ng/movies/aremu-the-principal-watch-kate-henshaw-queen-nwokoye-oyetoro-hafiz-in-trailer-for-new-movie-id3778492.html|publisher=Chidumga Izuzu|accessdate=20 May 2015|archivedate=23 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123034942/http://pulse.ng/movies/aremu-the-principal-watch-kate-henshaw-queen-nwokoye-oyetoro-hafiz-in-trailer-for-new-movie-id3778492.html}}</ref> * ''Chief Daddy (2018)'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81074015|title=Chief Daddy {{!}} Netflix|accessdate=2019-11-13}}</ref> * ''New Money (2018)'' * ''The Ghost and the House of Truth'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/09/28/the-ghost-and-the-house-of-truth/|title=The Ghost and the House of Truth|accessdate=2019-11-13}}</ref> * <nowiki><i id="mwYg">4th Republic<i> (2019)</nowiki> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 5y8bb7vjezar5jm76wo2eu1rp012w77 0 11723 654216 95472 2026-06-07T01:31:33Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654216 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Chaplin The Kid edit.jpg|thumb|Actor]] Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri (lee n'okpuru ebe a) bụ onye na-egosipụta àgwà na arụmọrụ. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-eme "n'anụ ahụ" na usoro ọdịnala nke ụlọ ihe nkiri ma ọ bụ na mgbasa ozi ọgbara ọhụrụ dị ka ihe nkiri, redio, na telivishọn. Okwu Grik yiri ya bụ ὑποκριτής (hupokritḗs), n'ụzọ nkịtị "onye na-aza". Nkọwa nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri banyere ọrụ—nkà nke ime ihe—metụtara ọrụ a rụrụ, ma ọ̀ dabere n'ụdị mmadụ ma ọ bụ n'akụkọ ifo. A pụkwara iwere nke a dị ka "ọrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri," nke a na-akpọ nke a n'ihi akwụkwọ mpịakọta ndị a na-eji eme ihe na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Nkọwa na-eme ọbụna mgbe onye na-eme ihe nkiri "na-egwu onwe ya", dị ka n'ụdị ụfọdụ nke ihe ngosi nka Na mmalite oge mbu, ụka dị na Europe malitere ime ụdị ihe omume Akwụkwọ Nsọ ndị nwere egwu. Ka ọ na-erule n’etiti narị afọ nke 11, ihe nkiri okpukpe esiwo na Rọshịa gbasaa ruo Scandinavia ruo Ịtali. Ememme ndị nzuzu kwadoro mmepe nke ihe ọchị. Na ngwụcha ngwụcha, e mere egwuregwu n'obodo 127. Egwuregwu ndị a na-eme ihe omimi na- enwekarị ihe ọchị, ebe ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na-akpọ ekwensu, ndị ajọ mmadụ, na ndị omekome.<ref>Brockett and Hildy (2003, 86)</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na egwuregwu ndị a sitere na ndị obodo. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na England bụ naanị ụmụ nwoke, mana mba ndị ọzọ nwere ụmụ nwanyị na-eme egwuregwu. Enwere ọtụtụ egwuregwu ụwa emebere na Middle Ages, nke izizi bụ ''Play of the Greenwood'' nke Adam de la Halle dere na 1276. O nwere ihe nkiri satirical na ihe ndị mmadụ dị ka ihe na-eme ihe karịrị mmadụ. Farces bilikwara nke ukwuu na ewu ewu ka narị afọ nke 13 gachara. Na njedebe nke oge ikpeazụ, ndị ọkachamara ọkachamara malitere ịpụta na England na Europe. Richard III na Henry VII abụọ nọgidere na-enwe obere ụlọ ọrụ nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. Malite n'etiti narị afọ nke 16, ndị otu Commedia dell'arte rụrụ egwu egwu na-eme ka ọ dị egwu gafee Europe ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ. Commedia dell'arte bụ ụlọ ihe nkiri gbadoro ụkwụ n'ihe nkiri, chọrọ obere ihe nkiri na ihe nkwado ole na ole. Egwuregwu bụ usoro rụrụ arụ nke na-enye ọnọdụ, mgbagwoju anya na nsonaazụ nke omume ahụ, nke ndị na-eme ihe nkiri mebere. Ejije eji agwa ngwaahịa ngwaahịa . Otu ìgwè na-enwekarị ndị otu 13 ruo 14. A na-akwụ ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ụgwọ òkè nke uru egwuregwu ahụ dabara na nha nke ọrụ ha. [[Òtù:Ihe nkiri Naịjirịa]] ljnjvlblb2ou8hk4690mnz0ky4amghj 0 11724 654256 515917 2026-06-07T08:09:00Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ogidi''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Ogidi.wav|Listen}}bụ obodo [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]], isi ụlọ ọrụ nke okpuru ọchịchị Idemili North n'[[Ọ̀hà Ọmambala|Anambra]] Steeti, [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Chinua Achebe: Ogidi man first, Ogidi man last|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/04/chinua-achebe-ogidi-man-first-ogidi-man-last/|date=2013-04-13|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> O nwere ihe ruru puku mmadụ iri asaa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogidi, Anambra|url=https://pantheon.world/profile/place/ogidi-anambra/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=pantheon.world|language=en}}</ref> ma nwee ndị agbata obi gụnyere Abatete, Nkpọr, Ụmụnnachị, Ụmụoji, Ogbụnike na Ụmụdịọka . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Idemili North {{!}} Nigeria Facts|url=http://nigeriafacts.net/idemili-north|work=nigeriafacts.net|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2022-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224004249/http://nigeriafacts.net/idemili-north}}</ref> A maara Ogidi nke ọma n'ihi mmemme Nwafor nke a na-eme n'etiti ọnwa Julaị, mmemme a bụ nke a na-eme ụbọchị iri na otu n'ọnwa Julaị nke na-ewere ọnọdụ mgbe akọchara ji ma tinye ekpere maka oge dị mma. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-08-22|title=Nwafor Festival... Preserving Culture Of Unity In Ogidi|url=https://guardian.ng/art/nwafor-festival-preserving-culture-of-unity-in-ogidi/|accessdate=2021-09-10|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ na-amalitekarị na Fraịde mbụ nke ọnwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nwafor Festival… Preserving Culture Of Unity In Ogidi|url=https://guardian.ng/art/nwafor-festival-preserving-culture-of-unity-in-ogidi/|author=|first=|date=|work=guardian.ng|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> Obodo a bụ ebe amụrụ onye odee ama ama bụ [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]], nke kacha na Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Olofintuade|first=Ayodele|title=A Tour of Chinua Achebe's Nigeria|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/a-tour-of-chinua-achebes-nigeria/|accessdate=2021-05-24|work=Culture Trip|archivedate=2021-05-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210524150411/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/nigeria/articles/a-tour-of-chinua-achebes-nigeria/}}</ref> Otu nwa afọ Ogidi, Harford C. Anierobi (nke sitere na Umuezeobodo, Ajilija-Uru Ogidi) bụ onye omee ama ama aha ya bu "Dominic" na akwụkwọ akụkọ 1949 akpọrọ ''Daybreak in Udi'', nke nwetara Oscar maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma na ihe nrite BAFTA maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma. <ref>[https://m.filmaffinity.com/uk/movie.php?id=772210 "Daybreak in Udi"], ''Film Affinity''.</ref> Onye ọzọ si kwa n'Ogidi bụ Catherine Uju Ifejika (née Ikpeze) (amụrụ ya na 28 October 1959), onye ọka iwu Naijiria, na Onye isi oche / CEO nke Brittania-U Nigeria Limited (BUNL), ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na mmepụta nke mmanụ ala, na kwa Brittania-U. Ghana Limited (BUGL). Ọ natala onyinye nturu ugo nke mba na nke mba ụwa maka omume kacha mma n'isi azụmaahịa. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161021093733/http://www.brittania-u.com/about/board-and-executive-team/catherine-uju-ifejika "Catherine Uju Ifejika"], Britannia-U.</ref> Ihe nkiri ndị ọzọ gụnyere ụlọ ọgwụ Iyi-Enu ama ama, na ahịa Aforigwe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Nwafor ogidi festival|url=https://zbn.electricien-cabestany.fr/nwafor-ogidi-festival.html|work=zbn.electricien-cabestany.fr|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> A maara ndị mmadụ maka [[Royal Python|ichekwa eke]], n'ihi na a na-ewere ihe e kere eke ahụ dị ka chi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=50+ Amazing Yams Facts to Give OMG Moments|url=https://findfactsabout.com/yams-facts.html|author=About|first=Find Facts|work=Find Facts About|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> Ogidi pụtara ''ogidi'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogidi in English. Ogidi Meaning and Igbo to English Translation|url=https://www.indifferentlanguages.com/translate/igbo-english/ogidi|work=www.indifferentlanguages.com|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=English :: Igbo Online Dictionary|url=https://igbo.english-dictionary.help/|work=English :: Igbo Online Dictionary|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Enwere ike ịkọ akụkọ ihe a ma-ama mere eme n'Ogidi site n'ihe karịrị afọ nari anọ na iri ise. Onye malitere obodo ahụ, Ezechumagha (amụrụ c.1550), lụrụ Anum-Ubosi; Ha mụrụ nwa nwoke na 1580 aha ya bụ Inwelle. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Igwe na olu ogidi (2020)|url=https://www.govserv.org/XX/Unknown/507985479334741/Igwe-na-olu-ogidi|work=www.govserv.org|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> Inwelle lụrụ nwunye wee mụọ nwa nwoke na 1611 aha ya bụ Ogidi (nke pụtara ogidi siri ike n'ihi na ọ bụ nnukwu dike). <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Compendium Of Anambra State - Light Of The Nation At 25 (My Compilation)|url=https://www.trendyvoice.com.ng/2017/04/the-compendium-of-anambra-state-light.html|work=TrendyVoice|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> Ogidi nwere nwunye abụọ: (i) Duaja, ụmụ ya bụ Akano, Uru, Ezinkwo, Umu-Udo, na Ama-Okwu; na (ii) Amalanyia, onye umu ya bu Ikenga, Nne Ogidi, Uruagu na Achalla Ogidi. Mgbe ụmụ Ogidi ise gachara, ụmụ nwoke anọ fọdụrụnụ Uru, Ezinkwo na Ikenga) hibere Ebo Ino ugbu a (akụkụ anọ) nke Ogidi. <ref name="History of Ogidi and Kingship">{{Cite web|title=History of Ogidi and Kingship|url=https://blowbase.com.ng/history-of-ogidi-and-kingship/|work=blowbase.com.ng|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> Akụkọ kwuru na Umu-Udo kwagara n'ebe Umunya dị ugbu a (n'okpuru ọchịchị Oyi nke dị n'Anambra Steeti). <ref name=":0"/> Ama-Okwu bụ onye erere ka ọ bụrụ ohu ma ọ bụ tinye ya na mpaghara Ogidi ndị ọzọ, karịsịa Odida dị na Ikenga. Nne Ogidi lụrụ Agulu, ma bụrụ aha obodo na-eme nke ọma n'Agulu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ogidi - Synonyms of ogidi {{!}} Antonyms of ogidi {{!}} Definition of ogidi {{!}} Example of ogidi {{!}} Word Synonyms API {{!}} Word Similarity API|url=https://wordsimilarity.com/en/ogidi|work=wordsimilarity.com|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2022-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224004241/https://wordsimilarity.com/en/ogidi}}</ref> Uruagu kwagara n'obodo Nnewi, mana Uruagu Nnewi nke ugbua ekwetaghi na-enwere ihe ọ bula jikọrọ ya na Ogidi. Achalla Ogidi (ezigbo dinta enyi) kwagara Okija nke ugbua (nke sitere na Oka Ije Achalla Ogidi). <ref>{{Cite web|title=uruagu - Synonyms of uruagu {{!}} Antonyms of uruagu {{!}} Definition of uruagu {{!}} Example of uruagu {{!}} Word Synonyms API {{!}} Word Similarity API|url=https://wordsimilarity.com/en/uruagu|work=wordsimilarity.com|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2022-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224004239/https://wordsimilarity.com/en/uruagu}}</ref> N'ime ụmụ nwoke anọ ndị biri na Ogidi: * Akanano nwere nwunye abụọ. Nwunye nke mbụ nwere Ire na Abo, ebe nke abụọ nwere Ezi-Ogidi na Umuru. * Uru (amụrụ c.1643) mụrụ ụmụ asatọ: Ntukwulu, Ajilija, Adazi, Umudoma, Uru Ezealo, Uro Oji, Umu Anugwo, na Ogwugwuagu. * Ezinkwo nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ: (a) Ogidi-Ani, onye nwere Ogidi-Anu Ukwu na Ogidi-Ani Etiti; na (b) Nkwelle Ogidi, onye nwere Ezinkwelle na Uru Owelle. * Ikenga nwere nwunye abuo: (a) Aghaluji Ejebe Ogu, onye nwere Obodo Okwe na Anugwo; na (b) Ezenebo, onye nwere Nanri na Odida. Nke a bụkwa ebe izu ike ikpeazụ nke Chinua Achebe. <ref name=":0"/> == Ọchịchị == Igwe n'achi ugbu a bụ HRM Ụzọ Alexander Onyido (Ezechuamagha). N'ime oge e nwesịrị udo nke ọchịchị ndị ọcha nke Ogidi, ịbụ igwe bu nke e nwetara site na nhọpụta na-abụghị ihe nketa dị ka ụlọ ikpe obodo site n'aka ndị ọchịchị ndị ọcha n'Ọnicha Provins nke e nyere Walter Okerelu Amobi (Nwatakwochaka) nke ezinụlọ Amobi, Ụmụ Udene, Uru Ogidi. Site na mgbe a họpụtara Walter Amobi dị ka onye mbụ n'Ụlọikpe obodo, ọ nwara ike ya iji nweta ikike ọchịchị obodo nke ndị ọchịchị ndị ọcha jụrụ. <ref name="pdfdrive.com">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220224004238/https://www.pdfdrive.com/the-warrant-chiefs-indirect-rule-in-southeastern-nigeria-1891-1929-ibadan-history-series-e157177770.html "The Warrant Chiefs: indirect rule in southeastern Nigeria, 1891-1929 (Ibadan history series)"], PdfDrive.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=CHIEFTAINCY AND KINGSHIP TUSSLE IN IGBOLAND: A CASE STUDY OF OGIDI COMMUNITY ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA. (1904 -2010)|url=https://projects.ng/project/chieftaincy-and-kingship-tussle-in-igboland-a-case-study-of-ogidi-community-anambra-state-nigeria-1904-2010/|work=PROJECTS.ng|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2021-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210421013840/https://projects.ng/project/chieftaincy-and-kingship-tussle-in-igboland-a-case-study-of-ogidi-community-anambra-state-nigeria-1904-2010/}}</ref> Igwe Amobi I n'Ogidi, Walter Okafor Okerulu Nwatakwochaka Amobi (1838–18 December 1925), bụ ụloikpe nke mbụ nke ndị Ogidi. <ref name="pdfdrive.com" /> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Final flightof theEagle|url=https://issuu.com/thesunnewsonline/docs/achebe/13|work=Issuu|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2022-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224004237/https://issuu.com/thesunnewsonline/docs/achebe/13}}</ref> A mụrụ nna ya bu Abraham Amobi na 1806. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Appeal court ends 233-year old rule by Amobi family of Ogidi|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/appeal-court-ends-233-year-old-rule-amobi-family-ogidi/|date=2017-05-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-27}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ zutere ndị ozi ala ọzọ nke Ụka Bekee ma nabata okpukpe ha mgbe ha rutere [[Onịchạ|Ọnicha]] site [[Oshimiri Orimiri|n'osimiri Naija]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ogidi drown kofi|url=https://ogidi-drown-kofi.armageddont337a.online/|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2023-09-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928212019/https://ogidi-drown-kofi.armageddont337a.online/}}</ref> O mèchàrà bụrụ onye catechist mbụ na Ogidi. <ref name=":1" /> Nwa ya nwoke bụ Igwe Walter Okafor Amobi I nke Ogidi nwere ohere ịmụta na mmụta na omenala Ndị Kraịst. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na kansụl eze Obi nke Ọnicha ma kpee ikpe n'ụlọikpe obodo ya. Ọ bara ọgaranya, a họpụtakwara ya dịka onye nnọchi anya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ụlọ ọrụ Queen Victoria Royal Niger na 1898;  oọchikwara ìgwè ndị agha. N'afọ 1923, o tinyere akwụkwọ ka e mee ya onye ikike ọchịchị nke Ogidi mana onye nchịkwa ọchịchị ndị ọcha jụrụ arịrịọ ya nke kwuru na "ọ megidere iwu gọọmentị ugbu a, bu itinye onye ọ bụla dika onye ọchịchị n'obodo nakwa obodo nta ọ nweghị ihe nketa ọbula ma ọ bu ikike nke njikwa. . " . <ref>Memo MP NO.4/1923 dated 31.1.1923 by DO, Onitsha in OP 56/1923, Petition for the recognition of Walter Amobi as Paramount Chief</ref> Dịka Igwe, Amobi I nyere aka n'iweta mmekọrịta udo na nke ga-aba uru n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ Royal Niger na ndị Ogidi na ala Igbo ka ukwuu. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ hụrụ udo n'anya, ọ bụ dike, onye nwere ike na onye siri ike n'agha na n'oge esemokwu ndị ọzọ. Nduzi o ji obi ike mee mere ka ndị ya na ndị ógbè dị nso na-akwanyere ya ùgwù na ekele ya. N'ime oge a, etinyere ya n'ọkwa ma nyekwa ya aha nke "Ozo", iji kwado ihe ịga nke ọma ya megide ndị nwakpo Portuguese na-esi n'ime ala Naija Delta, na ndị agha amaala na-ebuso agha site na mpaghara ruo n'ebe ugwu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=amobi - Synonyms for amobi {{!}} Synonyms Of amobi|url=https://synonymsbot.com/amobi|work=synonymsbot.com|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2022-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220224005743/https://synonymsbot.com/amobi}}</ref> Mgbe Amobi nke Mbụ nwụrụ, ọkpara ya bu Prince Benjamin Olisaeloka Amobi nọchiri ya. Dịka Igwe Amobi II nke Ogidi, o mechakwara nọchite anya Colony and Protectorate nke Naijiria na emume ochichi nke Eze George VI nke United Kingdom na 1937. <ref name=":0"/> N'ime ogologo oge ọchịchị Amobi nke Abụọ, ọ nọgidere na-enwe mmekọrịta chiri anya n'etiti ya na ndị na-achị alaeze na ógbè ndị ọzọ, nke gụnyere Oba nke Benin, Obi nke Onitsha, Ojiako Ezenne nke Adazi, Ọni nke Ife na Oba nke Lagos . <ref name=":0"/> Ọkpara ya, (Dr.) Benedict Vincent Obiora Amobi, mèchàrà bụrụ Igwe Amobi III na 1975 ka Igwe II nwụsịrị n'afọ ahụ. Mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1986, (Engr.) Walter Nnamdi Ifediora Amobi (amụrụ 19 Maachị 1929) rịgoro n'ocheeze dịka Igwe Amobi IV nke Ogidi, o jere ozi ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1998.  Walter Amobi lụrụ Uche na Edinburgh, Scotland n'afọ 1957. Ha mụrụ ụmụ isii, gụnyere nwa nwoke nke abụọ, Ifedora Chimezie Amobi, nke a mụrụ na October 1, 1960. Ọ lụrụ ma nwee ụmụ atọ, gụnyere Chastity Lynn Nwakego Grant-Amobi, nke a mụrụ na 27 October 1982.  Mgbe Amobi IV nwụsịrị n’afọ 1998, ọ dịghị nwa ya nwoke ọ bụla nọchiri anya ya. N'Ọgọst 2016, ndị Ogidi họpụtara Igwe ọhụrụ, Alexander Uzo Onyido . Onyido, onye azuru nke ọma n'ihe gbasara ọgwụ bụ onye a zụrụ na Mahadum Ahmadu Bello na Zaria, [[Ȯra Kaduna|Kaduna State]] . Ọ gbagoro n'ọkwa onyeisi ndị na-ere ọgwụ na gọọmentị Kano steeti n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na-ahụ maka ahụike. Tụtụ o rigoro n'ocheeze, ọ bụkwa onyeisi oche nke PAL Group .  == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 387fjw1dbfzeuawfbsfn45l62g1mdp4 0 12381 654179 89794 2026-06-06T20:02:43Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Linking 654179 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Mary Watson''' (17 Jenụarị 1860 – 1881), bụ dike n'[[Ostraliya]]. <ref name="S. E. Stephens">{{Cite web|author=S. E. Stephens|title=Watson, Mary Beatrice Phillips (1860–1881)|url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/watson-mary-beatrice-phillips-4813|publisher=Australian Dictionary of Biography|accessdate=28 November 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120324192806/http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/watson-mary-beatrice-phillips-4813|archivedate=24 March 2012}}</ref> Ọ dị afọ 21 ma lụọla ihe na-erughị ọnwa iri na asatọ mgbe ọ nwụrụ n'ihi akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ na No. 5 Island na Howick Group ugbu a a na-akpọ Watson's Island n'ebe ugwu Cape Flattery na Far North Queensland, Ostraliya, na 1881. <ref name="S. E. Stephens" /> Ya na nwa ya dị ọnwa anọ, Ferrier, na onye ọrụ China merụrụ ahụ, Ah Sam, kwọfere ụbọchị asatọ na ihe dị ka kilomita iri anọ n'ime ụgbọ mmiri e gbuturu egbutu, bụ́ nke e ji eme slugs nke oké osimiri, mgbe ndị Aboriginal na-esochi ya. wakporo ọdụ ọdụ di ya na-anọghị ya na ''Lizard'' Island . Akwụkwọ ndekọ ya nke na-akọwa ụbọchị ikpeazụ ha ka achọtara na ozu ha n'afọ 1882, <ref name="S. E. Stephens" /> na Watson ghọrọ ihe nnọchianya nke dike ọsụ ụzọ maka ọtụtụ ndị Queensland. == Ndụ mbido ya == A mụrụ Mary Watson na Fiddler's Green na mpụga St Newlyn East nso Truro, Cornwall, England, na 17 Jenụwarị 1860, <ref name="S. E. Stephens" /> ada Mary Phillips na Thomas Oxnam, wee kwaga Queensland na ezinụlọ ya n'afọ 1877. <ref name="S. E. Stephens" /> N'ịbụ onye nakweere ọkwá dị ka onye nchịkwa na ezinụlọ onye na-azụ ahịa, na iri na asatọ ọ si Maryborough gaa n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Cooktown dịpụrụ adịpụ, ebe ọ zutere ma lụọ onye ọkụ azụ bêche de mer, Captain Robert F. Watson, na Mee 1880. <ref name="Williams-Dent54">{{Cite book|author=Nat Williams|first=Margaret Dent|title=National treasures from Australia's great libraries|year=2005|publisher=National Library of Australia|isbn=0-642-27620-X|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wr5brDm38EQC&pg=PA54}}</ref> == Agwaetiti Ngwele == Robert Watson kpọọrọ ya gaa guzobe ọdụ ịkụ azụ na Agwaetiti Ngwele, ma ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla. Na Septemba 1880, ọ hapụrụ Watson na nwa ha nwoke ya na ndị ọrụ China abụọ a maara dị ka Ah Sam na Ah Leung, <ref name="Williams-Dent54" /> ebe ya na onye otu ya Percy Fuller mere njem ịkụ azụ ogologo n'ime akpa ha.  === Mwakpo === N'izu ole na ole ka e mesịrị, otu oriri nke ndị Aboriginal Guugu Yimithirr mere otu n'ime njem ha na-emekarị site n'ụgbọ mmiri gaa n'àgwàetiti ahụ, bụ ebe Robert Watson hiwere ezinụlọ ya n'ihe owuwu nkume dị nso na obere mmiri mmiri, bụ nanị mmiri dị n'àgwàetiti ahụ. . Ma eleghị anya, Watson mebiela n'amaghị ama na emume ụmụ amaala na-adịghị mma nke ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka. <ref name="S. E. Stephens" /> Ndị Aborigine wakporo Ah Sam, bụ onye merụrụ ahụ ube asaa, ma gbuo Ah Leung n'ogige akwụkwọ nri ọ na-elekọta. Watson tụrụ ndị otu ahụ ụjọ site n'ịgba egbe egbe wee jiri obere nri na mmiri tinye n'oké osimiri n'oké osimiri kukumba nke igwe, na-atụ anya na ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe agafe ga-eburu ya. Ndị otu ahụ siri na abụọ ruo asaa Ọktoba, <ref name="Williams-Dent54" /> na-agbadata mgbe ụfọdụ n'elu mmiri na agwaetiti. Ntinye akwụkwọ akụkọ ikpeazụ ya kwụsịrị 'Enweghị mmiri. Ọnwụ anwụ na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ.' <ref name="S. E. Stephens" />  Mgbe ụgbọ mmiri na-agafe agafe kọrọ na mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Mrs Watson si nkume cottage, na ọkụ na-ere n'àgwàetiti ahụ, e chere na a tọọrọ ma ọ bụ gbuo Watson. Ndị uwe ojii gbagoro n'elu na ndị agha obodo n'okpuru Inspector Hervey Fitzgerald si Cooktown gbagburu ọtụtụ ndị Cape York dị n'ụsọ osimiri—ikekwe ihe ruru 150— sitere n'otu mpaghara ala atọ na mmegwara. Ọ dịghị nke ọ bụla n'ime ndị a gbara, a ga-azọrọ ma emechaa, etinyere aka na ihe omume ahụ.  [[Usòrò:Grave_of_Mrs_Watson_at_the_Cooktown_Cemetery,_1986.tif|thumb| Udi nke Oriakụ Watson na ebe a na-eli ozu Cooktown, 1986]] === A ka hụrụ === A hụrụ ozu Watson na nwa ya ka ọnwa ole na ole gachara n'etiti mangroves dị na No. 5 Howick Island, nke ka nọ na tankị ígwè, <ref name="Williams-Dent54" /> ma ugbu a, mmiri ozuzo dị ọhụrụ kpuchie ya site na oke mmiri ozuzo na nso nso a. Ah Sam anwụọla n'akụkụ osimiri dị nso. Isi iyi e zoro ezo dị n'agwaetiti ahụ, ma ha ahụghị ya. Mgbe e weghachiri ozu ahụ na Cooktown, otu narị mmadụ isii na iri ise duuru ha gaa lie ha n’ebe a na-eli ozu Abụọ Mile (ebe a na- eli ozu Cooktown ugbu a), n’ụzọ e si aga n’ubi ọla edo Palmer River . <ref name="Williams-Dent54" /> == Ihe nketa == [[Usòrò:Mrs._Watsons_Memorial_at_Cooktown,_circa_1906.tif|thumb| Oriakụ Ncheta Watsons na Cooktown, ihe dịka 1906]] N'ime afọ ndị na-esote, e degharịrị akụkọ Watson n'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ na akụkọ ndị mmadụ, gụnyere abụ ndị dike, na-enwekarị mmasị na-elebara akụkụ ndị Aboriginal na ndị China anya nke ihe omume ahụ. Afọ ise ka ọ nwụsịrị, ewelitere ndenye aha ọha iji kwado ihe ncheta Mary Watson, isi iyi mmanya mabul n'okporo ámá, nke emechara n'afọ 1886. <ref name="Williams-Dent54" /> Akọwala ụdị akụkọ a dị egwu nke ukwuu site n'aka onye edemede Australia bụ Ion Idriess n'otu n'ime aha ya amachaghị ama ''The Opium Smugglers'' (1948), Robert Drewe metụrụ ya aka na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ''The Savage Crows'' (1976). <ref name="Williams-Dent54" /> Usoro ihe osise nke onye na-ese ihe n'Australia Alan Oldfield 'Akụkọ nke Oriakụ Watson, 1881', malitere n'afọ 1986 wee na-enyocha akụkụ ime mmụọ nke ihe omume ahụ, nọ ugbu a na mkpokọta na-adịgide adịgide nke Cairns Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka, North Queensland. <ref name="Williams-Dent54" /> Otu agwa Arthur C Clarke na akwụkwọ akụkọ <nowiki><i id="mwYg">Dolphin Island</i></nowiki> nke afọ 1963 na-akọ akụkọ nke ọma na-ekwupụta ma ndị Aborigine na ndị ọrụ China na-agbanwe naanị agwaetiti ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Dolphin Island. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.librarything.com/work/32612|title=Dolphin Island by Arthur C. Clarke|work=LibraryThing.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180411094120/https://www.librarything.com/work/32612|archivedate=11 April 2018|accessdate=11 April 2018}}</ref> Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka nke Queensland na-ejide tankị ígwè, paddles, na Akwụkwọ Nsọ Watson. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2013-10-16|title=Remembering Mary Watson through Queensland Museum’s Collection|url=https://blog.qm.qld.gov.au/2013/10/16/remembering-mary-watson-through-queensland-museums-collection-2/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226044352/https://blog.qm.qld.gov.au/2013/10/16/remembering-mary-watson-through-queensland-museums-collection-2/|archivedate=2020-12-26|accessdate=2020-12-26|work=The Queensland Museum Network Blog|language=en}}</ref> Ọbá akwụkwọ John Oxley na-ejide akwụkwọ akụkọ ya abụọ (akwụkwọ akụkọ ya mgbe niile na Lizard Island na nke o dere n'oge njem ụgbọ mmiri). <ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=Mary Watson's tank, 1881|url=https://www.qhatlas.com.au/resource/mary-watsons-tank-1881|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201226044851/https://www.qhatlas.com.au/resource/mary-watsons-tank-1881|archivedate=2020-12-26|accessdate=2020-12-26|work=Queensland Historical Atlas|language=en}}</ref> A na-ewere akwụkwọ akụkọ ndị ahụ dị ka akụ nke Ọba akwukwọ nke Queensland nke e gosipụtara na blọọgụ John Oxley Library. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-02-24|title=Mary Watson Diaries, January - October 1881: treasure collection of the John Oxley Library {{!}} State Library Of Queensland|url=https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/mary-watson-diaries-january-october-1881-treasure-collection-john-oxley-library|accessdate=2021-05-19|work=www.slq.qld.gov.au|language=en}}</ref> James Cook Historical Museum dị na Cooktown nwere ihe atụ nke tankị ígwè.  == Nkọwapụta == === Isi mmalite === * Suzanne Falkiner na Alan Oldfield, ''Lizard Island: Akụkọ nke Mary Watson,'' Allen na Unwin (2000) * Judy Johnson, ''Ihe nzuzo nzuzo nke Mary Watson,'' ala nke anọ (2011) === Ihe ndetu === <references group="n" /> === Edensibia === {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://adbonline.anu.edu.au/biogs/A060391b.htm?hilite=mary%3Bwatson Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu Australian nke Biography: Watson, Mary Beatrice Phillips (1860-1881)] * [https://podcasts.apple.com/jp/podcast/the-theory-of-objects/id1324804949?l=en&i=1000397427119 'Mary Watson na tub kukumba mmiri'] - pọdkastị sitere ''na Australian'' * [https://www.slq.qld.gov.au/blog/mary-watson-diaries-january-october-1881-treasure-collection-john-oxley-library Mary Watson Diaries, Jenụwarị - Ọktoba 1881: mkpokọta akụ nke Ọbá akwụkwọ John Oxley - Ọbá akwụkwọ] steeti nke Queensland [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ikodx94dk0xj8yb6tz03d7rwu71z5ed 0 14710 654176 193606 2026-06-06T20:00:11Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Link 654176 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Najia Mehadji''' (amụrụ na 1950) bụ onye na-ese ihe nke Franco-Moroccan nke bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na [[Paris]], [[France]] na Essaouira, Morocco. [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Akụkọ ndụ == Najia Mehadji bụ onye French-Moroccan na-ese ihe nke a maara nke ọma na ọnọdụ Morocco ma bụrụ onye a ma ama na France kemgbe afọ 1980 site na ihe ngosi na nnukwu ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke gụnyere Centre Georges Pompidou na Paris. O nwetara n'etiti afọ 1970 nzere masta nke nka na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Pantheon-Sorbonne nakwa nzere ihe nkiri na Mahadum Paris 8. Nke ikpeazụ mere ka ya na Peter Brook na The Living Theatre rụọ ọrụ, ndị otu na-aga n'ihu na-emeghe maka ndị a na-akpọ "ndị na-abụghị ndị Europe", na-emepụta ọrụ ahụ pụrụ iche ma na-emetụta ọrụ nke ya na mmepe nke ụdị ya. N'ime afọ ndị ahụ, ọ chọpụtara Japanese zen aesthetic na emume Sufi Whirling Dervish, na-eji icheku ọkụ ma ọ bụ ink nwere nnwere onwe dị ukwuu. Mgbe ahụ, ya na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-emeputa ememe nke oge a nke emepụtara n'ihe nkiri, na-ese ihe na nnukwu mpempe akwụkwọ. O sonyekwara otu Women / Art ma bipụta eserese mbụ ya, ụdị eserese ojii na nke ọcha nke a pụrụ ịkọwa dị ka "ihe na-emetụ n'ahụ". N'afọ 1985, ọ nọrọ otu afọ na Essaouira ebe o nwetara agụmakwụkwọ n'efu "Villa Médicis Hors les murs" ma na-alọghachi kwa afọ ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Ọ bụ n'oge ọnụnọ mbụ a ka o sere usoro ya na akụkọ ifo nke Icarus, "ihe nnọchianya nke nnwere onwe na-etinye ihe ize ndụ" na nnukwu akwa akwa ebe a na-ejikọta akara nke mmegharị ahụ na ndekọ foto na ọdịdị geometric doro anya. E gosipụtara ọrụ ndị ahụ na ngosi mbụ ya na ihe ngosi nka nke Caen na Poitiers na 1986-87. N'afọ 1993–1994, na nzaghachi maka mpụ agha emere megide ndị Bosniaks na ex-Yugoslavia, o mepụtara usoro ''Domes'' n'ihi mmasị ya na "transcultural" architectural shapes (nke gụnyere octagon), mgbe ọ na-arutu aka n'ụzọ doro anya na nnọchi anya nke cosmology na nka nke [[Àlakụ̀ba|Islam]]. N'afọ 2005, ọ laghachiri na ihe nkiri a na ''Agha Ifuru''; ọrụ dijitalụ nke pụtara na "Ọdachi nke Agha" nke Goya. Site n'afọ 1996 ruo n'afọ 2006, Mehadji sere nnukwu ihe osise na agba nzu mmanụ eserese / eserese site na isiokwu ihe atụ monochrome dị ka okirikiri, osisi (ma ọ bụ osisi nke ndụ), ifuru Granada, wdg. O kere ọtụtụ "abstract flow structures" na-ejide ma oge ndụ, ngafe, echiche nke enweghị ngwụcha. Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere iji akara sara mbara na-acha uhie uhie na "arabesque" na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ na-acha uhie uhie na oji, ma na-echepụta "edemede dị n'ime" ahụ na mkpụrụ obi dị egwu: ''Akwụkwọ Mpịakọta''. N'afọ 1998, ọ kụziri eserese dị ka prọfesọ nleta na ''École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts'' (National School of Fine Arts) nke Paris. N'akụkụ eserese na eserese, kemgbe afọ 2005, ọ gara n'ihu na nkwa ya megide ime ihe ike na Middle East, na-emepụta ọrụ dijitalụ na-agụnye nkọwa sara mbara nke ihe osise Goya (gụnyere ''La Tauromaquia'' na ''Ọdachi nke Agha'' ) n'ime atụmatụ ifuru fluorescent - "dị ka esemokwu n'etiti Eros na Thanatos". Kemgbe afọ 2008, o mepụtara usoro ọhụrụ nke nnukwu eserese na ihe oyiyi dijitalụ nke na-enye akụkụ ọkpụkpụ na omume ya na ''Swirls'', ''Arabesque'', ''Mystic Dance'', ''Coil'' nke akara ya na-aga n'ihu, mmegharị aka n'efu na ntụgharị aka na calligraphy nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na Sufism bụ atụmatụ niile na-enye ya ohere ịnakwere omume ndị a na-ekwukarị na ọ bụ ụmụ nwoke site na ịmepụta ụzọ ọhụrụ nke eserese, nke a tọhapụrụ site na ọdịnala ma yie arụmọrụ. == Ihe ngosi == Emere ihe ngosi onwe ya na France, Museums of Fine Arts nke Poitiers nke Caen na Epinal; Montenay Gallery (Paris); na St. John hall (Mairie de Paris); gallery The Ship (Brest). Na [[Morocco]], na National Gallery Bab Ruach (Rabat); Actua space na Attijariwafabank (Casablanca); Delacroix Gallery (Tanger); Shart Gallery na Atelier 21 (Casablanca). Na Qatar, ya na Anima Gallery na Doha. Ọ kọwakwara Amman (Shoman Foundation) na ngosi ahụ na Basel, ya na Arco Madrid, FI:AF (''French Institute Alliance Française'') na New York na ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ n'ụwa niile. O sonyere na 2009 na ihe ngosi ''Elles@centrepompidou'' na ''Musée National d'Art Moderne'' (Paris) na Crossing n'oge Mawazine Festival (Rabat).<ref>{{Cite book|language=|first=Camille|author=Morineau|title=elles@centrepompidou:artistes femmes dans la collection du Musée national d'art moderne, Centre de création industrielle|publisher=Centre Pompidou|date=2009|pages=381|isbn=978-2-84426-384-1}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, na Contemporary Art Fair na Dubai, na ngosi ''Resonances'' ihe ngosi nka Marrakech na Marrakech Art Fair dị ka akụkụ nke Shart gallery nke Casablanca. N'afọ 2011, n'ihe ngosi otu 'Architectures / Drawings / Utopias' 'na National Museum of Romanian Contemporary Art na' 'Nature and Landscapes' na ohere nka nke General Company of Casablanca, na Drawing Now Paris na Carrousel du Louvre . Mgbe ahụ, ọ na-ekpughe na 'Sense & Essences' na New York French Institute (FI: AF) na Villa Roosevelt na Casablanca usoro ''Mystic Dance'' . Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị a na-ese ihe ''Traits d'Union - Paris na nka ndị Arab nke oge a'' na Villa Emerige na Paris: ihe ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke na-akpọkọta ndị Arab iri na abụọ nwere mmekọrịta pụrụ iche na France, na onye ihe ịga nke ọma ya bụ nke na ọ, site na French Institute, na-eme njem na 2012–2013 (Beirut, Sana'a, Rabat, wdg.) N'afọ 2012–2013, o gosipụtara na Galerie Shart, Casablanca, Close na Galerie Albert Benamou na Paris na Art Paris Art Fair, mgbe ahụ Anima Gallery na Doha (Qatar). O sonyere na ''afọ iri abụọ na ise nke Arab creativity'' na Institut du Monde Arabe, Emirates Palace na Abu Dhabi na Manama na Bahrain. Ihe ngosi ya n'afọ 2013 bụ: ''Mystic Dance'' na Espace Art Roch (Paris), The 2000 na Espace Claude Lemand (Paris), ''draping'' na gallery The Ship (Brest). Ọ na-ekere òkè n'ahịa ''Syriart'' na Paris na Beirut iji kwado ndị nkịtị nke ndị Siria na nnupụisi. Ná mmalite afọ 2014, o mere ihe ngosi "New Arabesque" na Galerie Le Violon Bleu na Tunis na Art Dubai (Selma Feriani Gallery [[London]]) na Art Paris Art Fair (gallery Lemand Claude Paris). N'oge ọkọchị 2014, usoro ọrụ dijitalụ ya ''Suites Goyesques''; A na-egosi ọgụ ehi na ''Musée d'Art Moderne de Céret'' na The painter and the arena and bullfighting art from Goya to Barceló Mgbe ahụ, o sonyere na ngosi mmeghe nke ''Musée Mohammed VI d'art moderne et contemporain'' Rabat "Art 1914–2014,100ans na Morocco," yana nke Arab World Institute na Paris "the Contemporary Morocco". N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2015, o gosipụtara "afọ iri abụọ nke ọrụ" na gallery Atelier 21 na Casablanca nke na-ahazi ihe ngosi mbụ ya na Morocco na Art Paris Art Fair na Grand Palace na gallery Claude Lemand . Ọrụ Najia Mehadji dị n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta ọha na eze na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, gụnyere Centre Georges Pompidou MNAM (4 nnukwu eserese na eserese na mpempe akwụkwọ) na Arab World Institute na Paris (ihe osise) na nchịkọta Société Générale, ONA Foundation, Mohammed VI Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art of Rabat na Casablanca Attijari Waffabank ndị nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ. Enwere ike ịhụ ọtụtụ vidiyo banyere onye na-ese ihe na [[YouTube]]. === Ebensidee === {{Reflist|2}} === Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ === * ''Najia Mehadji'' Edition Somogy, 2008. Ihe odide Alain Tapie, Christine Buci-Glucksmann, Jean-Louis Baudry, Mohamed Rachdi na Henri-François Debailleux. 160 peeji nke, ederede French / English, ihe osise agba 130. * Nyochaa ''kpakpando ink n°42'', 2010, "Celebration", ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Peggy Ines Sultan * ''Monograph Najia Mehadji'' Les Éditions Art Point, collection Moroccan Art Books, 2012: texts of Pascal Amel, Rémi Labrusse Veronique Rieffel, Christine Buci-Glucksmann, Ghitha Triki, Philippe Piguet, Anne Dagbert, Peggy Ines Sultan Mohamed Rachdi, Henri-François Debailleux. 280 pages, 10 French / English texts, 330 color illustrations. * ''Mkpughe nke mmegharị ahụ'', Mbipụta Somogy, 2011 Pascal Amel ederede, Veronique Rieffel, Abdelwahab Meddeb, Rémi Labrosse etChristine Buci-Glucksmann. 160 peeji nke, French / English ederede. === Njikọ mpụga === * Official website * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8J_OVFPnvHQ Vidio emere n'oge ngosi] "Facing History: Mahi Binebine / Najia Mehadji" na MACMA (Museum of Contemporary Art Marrakech), na Machị 2016 site n'aka Brigitte Huault-Delannoy * [http://www.franceculture.fr/emission-cultures-d-islam-peindre-entre-mogador-et-ivry-2013-11-01 Podcast nke ihe ngosi] "Cultures of Islam" na France Culture interview with Abdelwahab Meddeb of 1 November 2013, "Painting between Mogador and Ivry" (58 min) * Issue Podcast "Tuesdays of the exhibition" on France Culture, interview with Elizabeth Couturier of 3 May 2011, "The museum staff Najia Mehadji" (58 min) [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cg2s1zlts5gqpwv8v2t1ypy175c1ixr 0 16137 654170 639030 2026-06-06T19:49:29Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 removing duplicate picture 654170 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Loubna Abidar''' (a mụrụ n'abalị 20 ọnwa Septemba afọ 1985) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri. A mụrụ Abidar na Marrakech. == Ọrụ == O mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na Much Loved nke Nabil Ayouch duziri. A machibidoro ihe nkiri ahụ na Morocco n'ihi na a na-ewere ya dịka ihe mkparị nye Islam na Morocco. Abidar nwetara iyi egwu ọnwụ n'ihi ngosipụta ya na ihe nkiri ahụ. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2015, a wakporo ya na Casablanca ma ọ hapụrụ mba ahụ gaa France n'oge na-adịghị anya.<ref name="agression">{{Cite web|author=Rebourg, Amandine|url=http://www.metronews.fr/culture/loubna-abidar-star-du-film-much-loved-victime-d-une-violente-agression-au-maroc/mokf!Yah0Q1XlsAYOs/|title=Loubna Abidar, star du film "Much Loved", victime d'une violente agression au Maroc (French)|publisher=[[Metro International]]|date=November 6, 2015|accessdate=24 February 2016|archivedate=5 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105051027/http://www.metronews.fr/culture/loubna-abidar-star-du-film-much-loved-victime-d-une-violente-agression-au-maroc/mokf!Yah0Q1XlsAYOs/}}</ref><ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2015/11/08/03002-20151108ARTFIG00087--much-loved-loubna-abidar-se-refugie-en-france.php Much Loved : après son agression, Loubna Abidar se réfugie en France (French)], lefigaro.fr, 8 novembre 2015</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2016, ọ natara nhọpụta maka César Award maka Best Actress maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/global/golden-years-marguerite-dheepan-mustang-lead-cesar-nominations-1201689761/|title='Golden Years,' 'Marguerite,' 'Dheepan,' 'Mustang' Lead Cesar Nominations|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Ụdị ihe nkiri a gbatịrị agbatị gụnyere òtù na-abụghị nke simulated nke Loubna Abidar mere na Carlo Brandt. E kpochapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ na ụdị DVD nke ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt4685750/trivia/?ref_=tt_ql_trv</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2015 |''A hụrụ ya n'anya nke ukwuu'' |Noha |Gijón International Film Festival - Best Actress Nominated - César Award for Best Actress<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Amin'' |Onye na-ere nri mbụ | |- |''Sextape'' |Nne ya | |- |''Obi mpako'' |Farah |Obere ihe nkiri TV |- | rowspan="1" |2019 |''Nwa agbọghọ Dị Ịdị Iche'' |Dounia | |- |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h21qp8cqhwqg401xj0wutjmup70gf0g 654171 654170 2026-06-06T19:49:51Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654171 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Loubna Abidar''' (a mụrụ n'abalị 20 ọnwa Septemba afọ 1985) bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri. A mụrụ Abidar na Marrakech. == Ọrụ == O mere ihe nkiri izizi ya na Much Loved nke Nabil Ayouch duziri. A machibidoro ihe nkiri ahụ na Morocco n'ihi na a na-ewere ya dịka ihe mkparị nye Islam na Morocco. Abidar nwetara iyi egwu ọnwụ n'ihi ngosipụta ya na ihe nkiri ahụ. N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2015, a wakporo ya na Casablanca ma ọ hapụrụ mba ahụ gaa France n'oge na-adịghị anya.<ref name="agression">{{Cite web|author=Rebourg, Amandine|url=http://www.metronews.fr/culture/loubna-abidar-star-du-film-much-loved-victime-d-une-violente-agression-au-maroc/mokf!Yah0Q1XlsAYOs/|title=Loubna Abidar, star du film "Much Loved", victime d'une violente agression au Maroc (French)|publisher=[[Metro International]]|date=November 6, 2015|accessdate=24 February 2016|archivedate=5 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105051027/http://www.metronews.fr/culture/loubna-abidar-star-du-film-much-loved-victime-d-une-violente-agression-au-maroc/mokf!Yah0Q1XlsAYOs/}}</ref><ref>[http://www.lefigaro.fr/cinema/2015/11/08/03002-20151108ARTFIG00087--much-loved-loubna-abidar-se-refugie-en-france.php Much Loved : après son agression, Loubna Abidar se réfugie en France (French)], lefigaro.fr, 8 novembre 2015</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2016, ọ natara nhọpụta maka César Award maka Best Actress maka ọrụ ya na ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/global/golden-years-marguerite-dheepan-mustang-lead-cesar-nominations-1201689761/|title='Golden Years,' 'Marguerite,' 'Dheepan,' 'Mustang' Lead Cesar Nominations|work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Ụdị ihe nkiri a gbatịrị agbatị gụnyere òtù na-abụghị nke simulated nke Loubna Abidar mere na Carlo Brandt. E kpochapụrụ ihe nkiri ahụ na ụdị DVD nke ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>https://m.imdb.com/title/tt4685750/trivia/?ref_=tt_ql_trv</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2015 |''A hụrụ ya n'anya nke ukwuu'' |Noha |Gijón International Film Festival - Best Actress Nominated - César Award for Best Actress<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- | rowspan="3" |2018 |''Amin'' |Onye na-ere nri mbụ | |- |''Sextape'' |Nne ya | |- |''Obi mpako'' |Farah |Obere ihe nkiri TV |- | rowspan="1" |2019 |''Nwa agbọghọ Dị Ịdị Iche'' |Dounia | |- |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] p2rwcuajznev6uquxbmvrxb1dxmcubq 0 16297 654248 89610 2026-06-07T06:03:28Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Link 654248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Memunatu Sulemana''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba n'afọ 1977) bụ onye Ghana bụbu onye na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba dịka onye na-edebe goolu. Ọ bụ onye otu ụmụ nwanyị mba [[Ghana]]. == Ọrụ klọb == Na klọb, Sulemana gbara bọọlụ maka Post Ladies na Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/fwwc%5f2007%5fplayers%5f19147.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014165606/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/tournament/competition/fwwc_2007_players_19147.pdf|archivedate=October 14, 2012|title=List of Players|accessdate=2007-09-28|publisher=[[FIFA]]|year=2007|work=FIFA Women's World Cup China 2007|format=PDF}}</ref> Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka Pelican Stars na Nigeria Women Premier League.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria: AWC: Falcons Are African Queens - Win Trophy for Keeps|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200212220105.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Sulemana so n'òtù egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Ghana na afọ 1999 FIFA Women's World Cup, afọ 2003 FIFA Women'S World Cup na 2007 FIFA Women'es World Cup. == Ihe odide == <references /> [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7qmi6tq998o1e4p0ulpmiqbn7g4zujo 0 18215 654225 186619 2026-06-07T01:34:46Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Femi Robinson''' {{Audio|Yo-Femi Robinson.ogg|Audio}} (Septemba 27, 1940 - Mee 20, 2015) bụ ''onye'' Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na telivishọn, nke a ma ama maka ọrụ ya na The Village Headmaster, ebe e chepụtara aha ya, "Ife Araba, The Village Head Master". Chief Eddie Ugbomah, onye bụbu onye isi oche nke Nigerian Film Corporation, kpọrọ ya "ihe ngosi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ngrguardiannews.com/2015/05/more-accolades-for-late-femi-robinson/|title=More accolades for late Femi Robinson|work=The Guardian Nigeria|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Robinson na Septemba 27, 1940 na Bodo, obodo nta dị na [[Abeokuta]], isi obodo Ogun Steeti, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], n'ime ezinụlọ onye nchụaja Ifá. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na botany na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Naijiria, Nsukka (1962-1966) na mbido afọ 1960 tupu ọ banye na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/i-prayed-for-another-chance/|title=I prayed for another chance|work=My Newswatch Times|accessdate=April 14, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160424081726/http://www.mynewswatchtimesng.com/i-prayed-for-another-chance/|archivedate=April 24, 2016}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere ọrụ ime ihe nkiri ya n'ihe nkiri ebe o mere ngosi dika Odewale na The Gods Are Not To Blame, egwuregwu 1968 nke [[Tribal chief|onye]] edemede egwuregwu Naijiria Chief Ola Rotimi. Egwuregwu ahụ bụ mgbanwe nke ''Oedipus Rex'' nke Gris.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/05/21/village-headmaster-femi-robinson-dies-at-75/|title=‘Village Headmaster’, Femi Robinson Dies At 75|work=P.M News|accessdate=April 14, 2016}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị mkpa na The Village Headmaster, ihe nkiri telivishọn na-agba ọsọ na Naịjirịa site na 1968 ruo 1988, nke Olusegun Olusola dere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/the-return-of-the-village-headmaster/|title=The return of The Village Headmaster|author=Evelyn Osagie|work=The Nation|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012, Robinson kpọrọ gọọm''e''ntị etiti nke Naịjirịa ka ha machibido akwụkwọ [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]] bụ Things Fall Apart n'ụlọ akwụkwọ Naịjirị, mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ ncheta Achebe na-ese okwu bụ "There Was a Country: A Personal History of Biafra".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2012/10/femi-robinson-calls-for-the-ban-of-chinua-achebes-things-fall-apart.html|title=Femi Robinson Calls For The Ban Of Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart In Schools|author=Information Nigeria|work=Information Nigeria|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> == Ọnwụ == Robinson nwụrụ site na nkụchi obi na Mee 20, 2015 n'ụlọ ọgwụ Ayodele na mpaghara Ifako Ijaiye nke Lagos. Ọnwụ Robinson dọtara uche ọtụtụ ndị Naijiria ama ama.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/05/village-headmaster-femi-robinson-dead/|title=Village Headmaster, Femi Robinson, is dead|work=Daily Independent, Nigerian Newspaper|accessdate=24 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524062454/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/05/village-headmaster-femi-robinson-dead/|archivedate=24 May 2015}}</ref> Dị ka Vanguard si kwuo, ''[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|onye]]'' na-eme ihe nkiri na Naijiria, Prince [[Jide Kosoko]], kwuru na maka ya wee si, "Femi Robinson bụ ezigbo ọkachamara. O nyela aka nke ukwuu na uto nke ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/05/my-dad-tried-to-change-his-environment-entertainment-industry-says-femi-robinsons-son/|title=My dad tried to change his environment, entertainment industry, says Femi Robinson's son|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dailypost.ng/2015/05/21/village-headmaster-actor-femi-robinson-dies-at-75/|title=Village Headmaster actor, Femi Robinson dies at 75|work=DailyPost Nigeria|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> Onye isi ala nke [[Naijiria|Federal Republic]] of Nigeria, [[Goodluck Jonathan|Goodluck Ebele Jonathan]], gosipụtara ọmịiko ya nye ezinụlọ Robinson na nkwupụta nke onye ndụmọdụ ya pụrụ iche na mgbasa ozi, Dr. Reuben Abati.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/jonathan-condoles-with-femi-robinsons-family/|title=Jonathan condoles with Femi Robinson’s family|author=Our|work=The Nation|accessdate=24 May 2015}}</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} 0zbpu1x1d5rijpjrzx5xmeyr6u8fgku 0 19121 654241 94586 2026-06-07T06:00:22Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[File:Tangaza-college1.jpg|thumb|Tangaza-college1]] '''Tangaza''' bụ ọchịchị ime obodo dị na [[Ȯra Sokoto|Sokoto]] Steeti [[Naijiria|Naịjịrịa]]. Isi ụlọ ọrụ ya dị n'obodo Gidan Madi. Tangaza nwere ókè ya na [[Niger|Republic of Niger]] n'ebe ugwu. Ọ nwere mpaghara 2,477&nbsp;km 2 na ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ dị puku narị iri na atọ, narị asatọ na iri ise na atọ na ngụkọ nke afọ 2006. <ref>[http://www.statoids.com/yng.html HASC, population, area and Headquarters Statoids]</ref> Koodu nzipu ozi nke mpaghara ahụ bụ narị asatọ na iri anọ na otú. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Post Offices- with map of LGA|publisher=NIPOST|url=http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|accessdate=2009-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007011423/http://www.nipost.gov.ng/PostCode.aspx|archivedate=2009-10-07}}</ref> == Edensibia == qdsha6e7xmfdujrdwvo3d21yq3nwsm5 0 19131 654263 541368 2026-06-07T10:15:40Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Okrika''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa-Okrika.wav|Listen}} bụ agwaetiti dị na [[Ȯra Rivers|Rivas Steeti]], [[Naijiria|Naịjria]], isi obodo nke ọchịchị ime Obodo a bụkwa Okrịka. Obodo a dị n'àgwàetiti ndịda [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port Harcourt]], nke mere ka ọ bụrụ mpaghara obodo buru ibu. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Okrika {{!}} Nigeria|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Okrika|accessdate=2021-09-19|work=Encyclopedia Britannica|language=en}}</ref> Nkezi elu Okrika bụ mita narị anọ na iri ise-na abụọ. Ọ dabere na ugwu nke Osimiri Bonny ya na n'Agwaetiti Okrika, maịlụ iri atọ na ise (56&nbsp;km) site n'elu osimiri ukwu nke [https://www.britannica.com/place/Bonny Bonny] . Enwere ike iru obodo ahụ site na ụgbọ mmiri nke nḿafe ụkwụ iri abụo na iteghete (mita iteghete) ma ọ bụ ihe na-erughị ya. Ndị bụbu obodo na-akụ azụ nke ndị Ijo ( Ijaw ) ndị dị na mangrove swamps nke ọwụwa anyanwụ [[Mba Mmiri|Niger River (Delta)]], Okrika ghọrọ isi obodo nke alaeze Okrika na mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asaa ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndị ohu . Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri maka mbupụ [[Nmanu nri|mmanụ nkwụ]] mgbe mkpochapụ nke ahia ohu n'afọ 1830, mana ọ bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-adịchaghị mkpa karịa Bonny (kilomita irí na asatọ[46).&nbsp;km ndịda) ma ọ bụ Opobo (kilomita irí asatọ na otu&nbsp;km] ọwụwa anyanwụ-ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ). Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1912, Port Harcourt kpuchiri Okrika kpamkpam, na ọ maliteghachighị ya dị ka obodo azụmahịa ruo n'afọ1965, mgbe arụchara ụlọ nrụpụta Port Harcourt dị nso ma wuo ọkpọkọ n'ụgbọ mmiri na Okrika Mainland. O nwekwara nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ gas (Alakiri gas plant) nke na-enye ụlọ ọrụ nnụcha na ndị ọzọ ọkụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-04-06|title=The scandal in Port Harcourt Refinery (2)|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/04/the-scandal-in-port-harcourt-refinery-2/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Port Harcourt Refining Company (PHRC)|url=https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/PHRC.aspx|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=www.nnpcgroup.com|archivedate=2021-09-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917022831/https://www.nnpcgroup.com/Refining/Pages/PHRC.aspx}}</ref> Ngwaahịa mmanụ ala a nụchara anụcha bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa Okrika na-ebupụ. Obodo a nwere nnukwu azụmaahịa azụ nke na-ebelata ngwa ngwa n'ihi mmetọsị nke mmiri na ala site na ọrụ mmanụ esichaghị esicha) mmepụta mmanụ nkwụ, nnu a na ehighị ihe dozi, akpụ (manioc), taro, unere, na ji. [citation needed] Ọnụọgụ nke afọ 2006 mere ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na mpaghara ọchịchị Wakirike dị na steeti Rivers nke Naịjirịa dị puku narị abụọ na iri abụo na abụo, iri abụo na isii. E mere atụmatụ na ndị Okrika dị otú narị na iri anọ na ise bi n'ebe ndị ọzọ gbara gburugburu ụwa, nke ka ukwuu na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na United Steeti. == Nzuko omenaala == Obodo ọdịnala itoolu mejupụtara Alaeze Okrika tupu afọ 1913, obodo ndị a bụ Kirike, Ogoloma, Ogu, Bolo, Ogbogbo, Ibaka, Ele, Isaka na Abuloma. Ọtụtụ n'ime obodo ọdịnala ndị a nwekwara obodo satịlaịtị. Taa obodo ndị mejupụtara alaeze Okrika amụbaala obodo iri. Obodo agbakwunyere bụ Obodo Koniju (Koni-ama). Wakirikese bụ aha mkpokọta maka obodo Okrika ọbụlagodi tupu Gọọmenti Ọchịchị Britain amalite njem nlegharị anya ya.  '''Ememme''' '''Ememme Iria:''' Ememme Iria malitere na narị afọ nke iri na isii; emume kwa afọ nke nwanyị bụ nke a na-eme n'ogige ahịa dị na Okrika, obodo ochie na Rivers Steeti, Naijirịa. A na-ahụ ụmụ agbọghọ na-akpú ara ka ndị mmadụ na-ebido ịghọ nwanyị. A na-ewepụta ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke ma debe ha n'ime ụlọ ebe a na-eri abụba, ebe a na-elekọta ha maka emumme <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-12|title=Iria Festival: An Ancient Sacred Festival Celebrating Chastity|url=https://www.momoafrica.com/iria-festival-an-ancient-sacred-festival-celebrating-chastity/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=MOMO AFRICA|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922210457/https://www.momoafrica.com/iria-festival-an-ancient-sacred-festival-celebrating-chastity/}}</ref> == Ndepụta obodo na obodo nta dị na Alaeze Wakirike ==   == Sistemu ụlọ == Ndị Okrikan dị ka ndị otu Ijo ndị ọzọ nke Niger Delta bụ ndị a na-ahazi ka ha bụrụ ụlọ agha-Canoe (Omuaru-wari) kwụụrụ onwe ya na nha nhata. Ndị ikwu na-ebikọ ọnụ n'otu mpaghara mejupụtara Ụlọ Agha-Canoe nke ọ bụla. Ọ bụ ezie na War-Canoe bụ ụlọ ọrụ ikwu, n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ na-emetụta isi agha na nchekwa. Ụlọ agha-Canoe nwere ike ịdị iche n'ihe gbasara nha na ike mmadụ, Otú ọ dị. A na-ekerịta uru na akụ obodo n'ụlọ War-Canoe n'otu aka ahụ na adabereghị na ike ọnụọgụgụ ha. Ụlọ Agha-Canoe ọ bụla bụ onye isi nke onye isi na-enyere aka n'ọrụ dị iche iche site n'aka ndị isi ala. A na-akpọ onye isi dị ka 'Warinyanabo' ma ọ bụ 'Waridabo' na-egosi ọkwa ya dị ka onye isi nke ụlọ War-Canoe dum (Omuaru-wari). Ụlọ Agha-Canoe ọ bụla nke a na-akpọkwa Omuaru-wari ma ọ bụ Warinyengi bụ nke ndị okpuru ọchịchị a maara dị iche iche dị ka 'Warikubu' ma ọ bụ 'Oko' mebere. Nke ọ bụla sub-unit (Warikubu ma ọ bụ Oko) bụ onye isi nke onye isi nke a maara na mpaghara dịka 'Oko-tibidabo'. A na-ekewakwa ngalaba nke ọ bụla (Warikubu ma ọ bụ Oko) gaa n'ezinaụlọ agbasawanye nke a maara dị ka 'Furo'. Ihe e ji mara ya bụ njikọ chiri anya siri ike, ndị Furo nwere ndị nna nna, nne na nna, nwanne nna, nwanne nna, ụmụnne nwanyị, ụmụnne nwanyị, ụmụnne nwanyị, ụmụ nwanne na ụmụ nwanne.  Klasị Sistemu: N'ime ụlọ ọ bụla War-Canoe, e nwere klas anọ maka ụmụ nwoke na atọ maka ụmụ nwanyị. A na-akpọ klas dị ka 'Mumbu'. A na-ekewa ndị ikom nọ n'ụlọ War-Canoe ma e wezụga Chief na King (Amayanabo) na 'Opu Mumbu' (nke mbụ), 'Ogbobiri Mumbu' "nke abụọ), 'Kala Mumbu' ("nke atọ) na ' Owuapu-awo' (ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma n'okpuru afọ iri na asatọ). N'otu aka ahụ, a na-etinye ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ụlọ War-Canoe na 'Opu Mumbu' (nke mbụ), 'Kala Mumbu' "nke abụọ) na 'Iria-Soka Awo' (Nwaanyị). Usoro klas ahụ bụ usoro nhazi nkịtị, agbanyeghị na ọ na-eme ka ịrụsi ọrụ ike na ọganihu n'ime Ụlọ Agha-Canoe. Ọnọdụ na-adabere na afọ na ihe ndị ọ rụzuru. Otú ọ dị, isi ihe ndị na-ekpebi nkwalite na klas a nyere nwere ike ịdị iche n'etiti Ụlọ Agha-Canoe. N'adịghị ka usoro Caste, klas abụghị ihe nketa ma ọ bụ nyefee. Ya mere, ọ dịghị onye nọ n'ụlọ War-Canoe a mụrụ na klas. Ndị nọ n'elu klas ahụ nwere òkè ka ukwuu na uru na ibu arọ ego nke War-Canoe House mana mkpebi n'ime ụlọ War-Canoa bụ ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. [citation needed] == Asụsụ == Asụsụ ndị Okrika na-asụ bụ Ijaw na Igbo. == Okpukpe == N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị Okrika n'oge ochie bụ ndị okpukpere chi na-ekwere n'ọtụtụ chi na chi. Ndị ọzọ ebe animist bụ́ ndị kweere n'ọtụtụ mmụọ gụnyere mmụọ mmiri na mmụọ nke ndị nna nna ha. A na-ewere Finibeso dị ka onye isi chi nke ndị Okrika oge ochie na onye ụkọchukwu ya ebe a na-asọpụrụ n'etiti ndị ụkọchukwu ndị ọzọ. Ụlọ nsọ Fenibeso kacha dị nsọ na nke dị nsọ. Na omenala, enweghị mmachi ọ bụla amachibidoro ife chi ọ bụla, n'ihi na enwere nnwere onwe ife ofufe na Okrika mgbe niile.  Na Okrika nke oge a, [[Efefe Kraịst|okpukpe Ndị Kraịst]] apụtawo dị ka okpukpe kachasị na St. Peters Cathedral bụ ụlọ okpukpe kachasị ama ama na Okrika. Otú ọ dị, okpukpe ọdịnala ka dị n'akụkụ Iso Ụzọ Kraịst. [citation needed] Enwere ọtụtụ ụka Ndị Kraịst na Okrika taa. Ụfọdụ n’ime ọgbakọ Ndị Kraịst dị na Okrika bụ ndị a: Anglican Church, mbụ African Church (FAC), Roman Catholic Church, Christ Army Church (CAC), assemblies of God Church nke agbapụtara Christian ụka nke Chineke, Cross Cross, Apostolic Church, Deeper Life, Seventh-Day Adventist. Churchka, Greater Evangelism, El Shaidai Bible Church, Church of God Mission Living Faith Church(Winners Chapel), Christ Embassy, Cherubim na Seraphim, Salvation Ministries wdg  . == Ọchịchị == Ọchịchị ime Obodo Okirika nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ dị na obodo Okrika na mpaghara Kallo, Ogoloma, Okrika na Ogan. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Okrika LGA|url=https://www.finelib.com/listing/Okrika-LGA/62313/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=www.finelib.com}}</ref> Onye-isi ndu ojọgu bụ onye-isi ụlo-ẹkwa-nzukọ ono; ọmụmaatụ ụlọ Orufingbe War Canoe nke Ngeme Biri na ụlọ agha Canoe bụ nke emere gị nke Furos (Families).  Ọchịchị ime Obodo Okrika nwere nnukwu ego nke mmanụ crude na gas na-arụ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta mmanụ na nchacha ihe na-enye aka na akụ na ụba nke mpaghara ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ịkụ azụ bụ ọrụ akụ na ụba ọzọ na-ewu ewu nke ndị Okrika na-arụ dịka ọtụtụ osimiri na oke osimiri na-eme ka ha baa ọgaranya na nri oké osimiri. Ịkọ ugbo bụ ọrụ ọzọ e ji mara ndị Okrika na-akụ ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ nke gụnyere akpu, nkwụ mmanụ, ji, na imere. Tupu ebido ọrụ mmanụ na gas, ndị Okrika bụ ndị ama ama maka ịkụ azụ, ọrụ ugbo na ịzụ ahịa; ọrụ akụ na ụba ndị a na-akwado ihe ha ji ebi ndụ.  == Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi == Ala eze Okrika chere oke egwu nke mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi na-ebute ọdachi na-enweghị isi n'ala ọchịchị ime obodo Okrika nke Rivers steeti. Mkpu kwa ụbọchị ma ọ bụ nhụsianya nke ndị Okrika bụ na ha nọ n'aka ọnwụ na ndụ dị mkpirikpi n'ihi ya. Ihe oriri ha dị n'ime mmiri dị ka azụ mmiri dị ọhụrụ, Islam na oporo na-aga ịla n'iyi n'ihi kemịkalụ metụtara mmanụ sitere na ebe ndị ha mmanụ Port - Harcourt. Mmetọ ikuku bụ ihe egwu ọzọ dị na mpaghara ahụ dịka ọ na-ebute ya site na ọkụ nke gas na mmanụ na mmanụ gas nke nwere ike ime ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke ukwuu nke nwere ike ibute mmiri ozuzo acidic na ozone oyi akwa, ka ọ dị ugbu a ike mmepụta nke ụmụ nwoke. nke a na-eme ka ike gwụ ya. Ọzọkwa alaeze mmiri mmiri ndụ Okrika na-ata ahụhụ ukwuu dị egwu nke ụdị ikpochapụ n'ihi na-aga n'ihu ikwafu mmanụ ukwuu n'ime bunkering na pipeline mebiri emebi na mpaghara na nke a na-akpata ogbenye akụ na ụba nkwado dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke bi na ụmụ amaala bụ ọkụ azụ. Ndụ mmiri na-ebu ụzọ na-ata ahụhụ site na mwepụta nke ngwaahịa mkpofu mmanụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ a na- anụcha ọkụ . Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-awụfu na-abanye n'osimiri ahụ ozugbo ma ọ na-awụfu ogologo oge tupu enwee mmebi ọ bụla ma ọ bụ imebi mmanụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=IV|first=Editorial|date=2020-08-23|title=How environmental pollution is destroying lives in Okrika|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/how-environmental-pollution-is-destroying-lives-in-okrika/|accessdate=2021-09-17|work=Blueprint Newspapers Limited|language=en-US}}</ref> N'ihe dị ka ọnwa Maachị nke afọ 2017, ndị bi na-eme mkpesa banyere soot dị n'ikuku n'ihi mbibi nke ụlọ nrụpụta iwu na-akwadoghị na-epulite na steeti niile. == Edensibia == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] == Socio-cultural organisation == N'ihi ya, a na-eli ụmụ nwanyị Okrika lụrụ di n'obodo di ha kama ili ha n'ụlọ nna ha. Alụmdi na nwunye Igwa, nke na-agụnye obere onyinye, ikike nketa nke nwunye na ụmụ ya, na-akwado usoro nke ịnọchi nke na-ejikọtaghị ụmụ ahụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu n'agbụrụ nna. Otú ọ dị, omume nke oge a na Okrika na-enye ohere ka ụmụaka sitere na njikọ Igwa keta ihe nketa site n'aka ndị nna ha, ọkachasị mgbe ha bi ma ọ bụ zụlite ha. Omenala alụmdi na nwunye na ihe nketa ndị a na agbanwe agbanwe na egosi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụkpụrụ ọdịnala na mgbanwe atụmanya mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya n'ime obodo Okrika.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Romokere Benson, Tonye Benibo|first=Diepiriye, Charles Okeke Okoko|date=2023|title=Kalabari-Okrika Economic and Socio-Cultural Relations in the Eastern Niger Delta, 1800-1950|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383232178|journal=Evangel International Journal of Arts and Social Sciences|volume=3|issue=2|pages=67–68}}</ref> '''Ememe''' '''emume Iria:''' Emume Iría malitere na narị afọ nke iri na isii; emeume ịbụ nwanyị a na-eme kwa afọ na ahịa dị na Okrika, obodo ochie dị na Rivers State, Nigeria. A na ahụ ụmụ agbọghọ na ekpu ákwà ka ndị mmadụ na-amalite ịbụ nwanyị. A na-egosi ụmụ agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke ma debe ha n'ime ụlọ fatịlaịza, ebe ana-elekọta ha anya maka ememme ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-11-12|title=Iria Festival: An Ancient Sacred Festival Celebrating Chastity|url=https://www.momoafrica.com/iria-festival-an-ancient-sacred-festival-celebrating-chastity/|accessdate=2021-09-18|work=MOMO AFRICA|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922210457/https://www.momoafrica.com/iria-festival-an-ancient-sacred-festival-celebrating-chastity/}}</ref> 0yjxuot9uuk73lbvwf8ts0dt0mfiqdw 0 20055 654198 539942 2026-06-07T00:16:16Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654198 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Afrinvest Logo wikipedia.png|thumb|Afrinvest]] Afrinvest (West Afrịka) Ltd. bụ ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ ego na-elekwasị anya na West Afrịka. Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mpaghara anọ: ụlọ akụ itinye ego, azụmaahịa nchekwa, njikwa akụ, na nyocha itinye ego.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Oshikoya|first=Temitope W.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0wSdDwAAQBAJ&dq=afrinvest+subsidiaries&pg=PA72|title=Frontier Capital Markets and Investment Banking: Principles and Practice from Nigeria|date=2019-05-28|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-57770-3|language=en}}</ref> Afrinvest bụ ma onye na-enye ọdịnaya nyocha na ahịa Naijiria na onye ndụmọdụ maka ụlọ ọrụ blue-chip gafee West Afrịka na M&A na azụmahịa ahịa ahịa mba ụwa.<ref name=":2"/> N'ịbụ nke Securities and Exchange Commission na-achịkwa dị ka Ụlọ na-ewepụta na Underwriter, Afrinvest na-enye ọrụ ndụmọdụ ego yana ngwọta ego maka ndị nwere nnukwu ego ("HNIs"), ụlọ ọrụ, na gọọmentị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-01-23|title=Afrinvest predicts a positive 2019 for the Nigerian bourse|url=https://nairametrics.com/2019/01/23/analysts-lists-elements-for-2019-stock-market/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwekwara ikikere site na SEC nke Naịjirịa, site na enyemaka ya, Afrinvest Securities Limited, dị ka onye na-ere ahịa na ikike site na Naịjirịan Stock Exchange dị ka onye otu na-ere ere. ASL na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọwa nkesa maka ngwaahịa itinye ego dịgasị iche iche ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. Afrinvest Asset Management Limited nwere ikikere site na SEC nke Naịjirịa dị ka onye njikwa pọtụfoliyo. Afrinvest nwere ọfịs ndị e guzobere na [[Lagos]], [[Abuja]] na [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port-Harcourt]]. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Afrinvest tọrọ ntọala n'afọ 1995 site n'aka Godwin Obaseki dị ka Securities Transactions & Trust Company (Nigeria) Limited.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2016-06-02|title=Afrinvest appoints new chairman, director|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/afrinvest-appoints-new-chairman-director/|accessdate=2021-09-15|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-09-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210915220058/https://guardian.ng/appointments/afrinvest-appoints-new-chairman-director/}}</ref> Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, SecTrust guzobere mmekọrịta chiri anya na ndị mmekọ ya nọ na London, ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ akụ itinye ego nke United Kingdom Financial Services Authority na-achịkwa. N'ịgbaso mmalite nke nhazi azụmaahịa ya n'afọ 2005, SecTrust jikọtara ya na azụmaahịa ego ụlọ ọrụ Naịjirịa nke Afrinvest (UK) Limited. E mechiri usoro nhazi azụmaahịa a na Disemba afọ 2005 ma rụchaa na mgbanwe nke SecTrust dị ka Afrinvest (West Afrịka) Limited.<ref name=":1" /> Afrinvest apụtawo dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-etinye ego na ụlọ akụ zuru oke, na-etinye aka na ụlọ akụ itinye ego, nyocha itinye ego, azụmaahịa nchekwa na njikwa akụ. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ etinyela aka n'ọtụtụ azụmahịa ego ụlọ ọrụ na Naịjirịa ruo ugbu a. N'afọ 2012, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbanwere azụmaahịa ya site n'ịmepụta ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka abụọ zuru oke ya bụ; * Afrinvest Securities Limited (ASL) * Afrinvest Asset Management Limited (AAML) SEC debanyere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka ụlọ na-enye akwụkwọ ebe ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ndị ọzọ, Afrinvest Securities Limited na Afrinvest Asset Management Limited, nwere ikikere onye na-ere ahịa na onye njikwa ego.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Media|first=R. V. O.|date=2016-01-03|title=LIST OF CAPITAL MARKET OPERATORS (CMO)|url=https://sec.gov.ng/list-of-capital-market-operators-cmos/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=The Securities and Exchange Commission, Nigeria|archivedate=2020-11-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127042553/https://sec.gov.ng/list-of-capital-market-operators-cmos/}}</ref> * Ndepụta mbụ nke ego ego a na-akpọ dollar na Naịjirịa The Nigeria International Debt Fund<ref>{{Cite news|title=Afrinvest restructures Nigeria International Debt Fund|first=Babajide|author=Komolafe|date=December 17, 2009|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)]]|accessdate=April 4, 2016|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/12/afrinvest-restructures-nigeria-international-debt-fund/}}</ref> * Mbipụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ ndekọ ego zuru ụwa ọnụ site na ụlọ ọrụ Sub-Saharan Africa United Bank for Africa Plc (UBA)<ref name="Guardian-7-Deals">{{Cite news|title=Afrinvest brokers over seven major deals in 20 years|first=Chijioke|author=Nelson|date=September 16, 2015|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)]]|accessdate=April 4, 2016|url=http://guardian.ng/business-services/money/afrinvest-brokers-over-seven-major-deals-in-20-years/}}</ref> * Mbipụta Eurobond mbụ site na ụlọ ọrụ Sub-Saharan Africa na-abụghị South Africa Guaranty Trust Bank Plc<ref name="Guardian-7-Deals" /> * Ndepụta mbụ nke akwụkwọ ndekọ ego zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ụlọ akụ Afrịka na London Stock Exchange Guaranty Trust Bank Plc<ref name="Guardian-7-Deals" /> * Onye ndụmọdụ ego na onye na-ere ahịa na ndepụta kachasị na Naịjirịa Stock Exchange (2.095 puku ijeri)<ref name="Guardian-7-Deals" /> * Onye njikwa akụ Naijiria mbụ a ga-ahụta A+<ref>{{Cite news|title=Afrinvest floats N5 billion mutual fund|first=Tonia|author=Osundolire|date=July 29, 2008|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)]]|accessdate=April 4, 2016|url=http://www.thenationonlineng.net/archive2/tblnews_Detail.php?id=57307}}</ref> == Ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka == === Afrinvest Asset Management Limited === Afrinvest Asset Management Limited (AAML) nwere ikikere site na SEC nke Naijiria dị ka onye njikwa pọtụfoliyo. AAML nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa, ndị ọgaranya na ndị ahịa HNI.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-06|title=Investors to Get 7% Return on Afrinvest Dollar Fund|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2020/05/06/investors-to-get-7-return-on-afrinvest-dollar-fund/|accessdate=2021-04-07|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2020, AAML wepụtara ego Afrinvest Dollar nke nde dollar nde abụo ego na-emeghe na-emegide nke SEC kwadoro.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-11|title=COVID-19: Afrinvest floats $2m dollar fund to help investors diversify portfolio|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/05/covid-19-afrinvest-floats-2m-dollar-fund-to-help-investors-diversify-portfolio/|accessdate=2021-10-30|work=Vanguard News|language=en-US}}</ref> === Afrinvest Securities Limited === Afrinvest Securities Limited bụ onye na-ere ahịa na-ere ihe n'ikike na onye enyemaka nke Afrinvest (West Africa) Limited. ASL na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ọwa nkesa maka ngwaahịa itinye ego dịgasị iche iche ma nwee ụlọ ọrụ nyocha nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. == Nchịkwa ụlọ ọrụ == === Ndị nduzi === * Donald Lawson bụ onyeisi oche<ref>{{Cite web|title=Donald Lawson, Afrinvest West Africa Ltd: Profile and Biography|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/19883983|accessdate=2021-10-20|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> * Ike Chioke bụ onye isi nchịkwa otu<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2021-04-07|title=Afrinvest Appoints Onaghinon COO|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/04/07/afrinvest-appoints-onaghinon-coo/|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> * Victor Ndukauba osote onye isi nchịkwa * Onoise Onaghinon bụ onye isi ọrụ<ref>{{Cite web|author=Frank|date=2021-04-10|title=Afrinvest West Africa appoints Onoise Onaghinon as its Chief Operating Officer {{!}} CEO Business Africa|url=https://africaincmag.com/afrinvest-west-africa-appoints-onoise-onaghinon-as-its-chief-operating-officer/,%20https://africaincmag.com/afrinvest-west-africa-appoints-onoise-onaghinon-as-its-chief-operating-officer/|accessdate=2021-10-20|language=en-US}}</ref> * Olutoyin Odulate bụ onye na-abụghị onye isi nchịkwa * Ikechukwu Okeke bụ onye na-abụghị onye isi nchịkwa * Yvonne Isichei na-abụghị onye isi nchịkwa Ka ọ na-erule Mee 31, 2017<ref>{{Cite web|title=Board of Directors|url=http://www.afrinvest.com/about-us/board-of-directors/|accessdate=April 4, 2016|archivedate=October 20, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201020110232/https://www.afrinvest.com/about-us/board-of-directors/}}</ref> Donald Lawson bụ onye nduzi na-abụghị onye isi na Afrinvest tupu ọ bụrụ onyeisi oche nke bọọdụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Careers|first=West African|date=2018-01-13|title=The Brief: The Consumer Electronics Show Unveils Africa Tech Now, Afrinvest Appoints Donald Lawson as Chairman.|url=http://westafricancareers.com/brief-consumer-electronics-show-unveils-africa-tech-now-afrinvest-appoints-donald-lawson-chairman/|accessdate=2021-09-11|work=West African Careers|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911184520/http://westafricancareers.com/brief-consumer-electronics-show-unveils-africa-tech-now-afrinvest-appoints-donald-lawson-chairman/}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, a họpụtara Onoise Onaghinon ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ọrụ.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ sonyeere Afrinvest n'afọ 2003 dị ka onye nyocha maka ngalaba ụlọ akụ itinye ego.<ref name=":0" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qt03lccg7mkt4ujmu36kzdsm2hu5r21 0 20079 654243 177314 2026-06-07T06:01:37Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654243 wikitext text/x-wiki  Alhaji Lateef Jakande, onye mbụ a họpụtara Gọvanọ nke [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]], guzobere Ministri nke Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mmiri site na Ministri nke Ọrụ na Njem ochie n'afọ 1979. E mechara jikọta Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning na Ministry of Physical Plan iji guzobe Ministry of Environment na Physical Plaanning. N'afọ 2003, nchịkwa nke Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Gọvanọ gara aga nke [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]], wepụrụ Ọfịs Gburugburu Ebe Obibi site na Atụmatụ Ahụike ma bulie Ọfịs Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ Ministri zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2013-06-06|title=About MOE|url=https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/|accessdate=2022-03-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320092120/https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/}}</ref> Ebumnuche bụ isi nke Ministrị ahụ bụ ịmepụta gburugburu ebe dị ọcha, nke dị mma, na nke na-adịgide adịgide nke ga-eme ka njem nleta, uto akụ na ụba, na ọdịmma ụmụ amaala. N'afọ 2005, e mepụtara ọfịs abụọ n'okpuru Ministry: * Ọfịs nke Ọrụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi (OES) * [[Usòrò:Lagos drainage services.jpg|thumb|Lagos drainage services ]]Ọfịs nke Ọrụ Mmiri Mmiri (ODS) Ọfịs abụọ ahụ, Ọfịs nke Ọrụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ọfịs maka Ọrụ Mmiri Mmiri, jikọtara n'otu Ministri nke Gburugburu ebe obibi n'afọ 2015, na-agbaso Iwu Ọchịchị nke Onye Ukwu, Maazị Akinwunmi Ambode. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2018, e wegara Ọfịs Ọrụ Mmiri na Lagos State Public Works Corporation (LSPWC), nke dị n'okpuru Ministri Ọrụ, dịka akụkụ nke mgbanwe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Akinwunmi Ambode Administration. Maazị Babajide Sanwo-Olu, Gọvanọ nke Lagos Steeti, ṅụrụ iyi n'ọkwa n'ọnwa Mee 29, 2019 ma kwe nkwa n'okwu mmeghe ya iji weghachi ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịrụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water pollution: Lagos Assembly directs Ministry of Environment, LASEPA to investigate – Lagos State House of Assembly|url=https://www.lagoshouseofassembly.gov.ng/4509/|accessdate=2022-03-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301020630/https://www.lagoshouseofassembly.gov.ng/4509/}}</ref> == Parastal == Ministri ahụ na-ahụ maka Nlekọta Ministri, Ngalaba, na Ụlọ Ọrụ ndị a, MDAs: * Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) * [[Lagos State Waste Management Authority]] (LAWMA) * Lagos State Parks and Garden Agency (LASPARK) * Lagos Water Corporation (LWC) * Lagos State Water Regulatory Commission (LSWRC) * Lagos State Signage and Advertisement Agency (LASAA) * Kick Against Indiscipline(KAI) * Lagos State Waste Water Management Office (LSWMO)<ref name=":0" /> * gos State (LSWMO)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2013-08-16|title=Departments|url=https://moelagos.gov.ng/departments/|accessdate=2022-03-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301022141/https://moelagos.gov.ng/departments/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} mcaijs8p8dk2qh598mkxryjcubmzy39 654244 654243 2026-06-07T06:01:48Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654244 wikitext text/x-wiki  Alhaji Lateef Jakande, onye mbụ a họpụtara Gọvanọ nke [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]], guzobere Ministri nke Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Mmiri site na Ministri nke Ọrụ na Njem ochie n'afọ 1979. E mechara jikọta Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning na Ministry of Physical Plan iji guzobe Ministry of Environment na Physical Plaanning. N'afọ 2003, nchịkwa nke Asiwaju Bola Ahmed Tinubu, Gọvanọ gara aga nke Lagos Steeti, wepụrụ Ọfịs Gburugburu Ebe Obibi site na Atụmatụ Ahụike ma bulie Ọfịs Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a ka ọ bụrụ Ministri zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2013-06-06|title=About MOE|url=https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/|accessdate=2022-03-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-03-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320092120/https://moelagos.gov.ng/about-moelagos/}}</ref> Ebumnuche bụ isi nke Ministrị ahụ bụ ịmepụta gburugburu ebe dị ọcha, nke dị mma, na nke na-adịgide adịgide nke ga-eme ka njem nleta, uto akụ na ụba, na ọdịmma ụmụ amaala. N'afọ 2005, e mepụtara ọfịs abụọ n'okpuru Ministry: * Ọfịs nke Ọrụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi (OES) * [[Usòrò:Lagos drainage services.jpg|thumb|Lagos drainage services ]]Ọfịs nke Ọrụ Mmiri Mmiri (ODS) Ọfịs abụọ ahụ, Ọfịs nke Ọrụ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ọfịs maka Ọrụ Mmiri Mmiri, jikọtara n'otu Ministri nke Gburugburu ebe obibi n'afọ 2015, na-agbaso Iwu Ọchịchị nke Onye Ukwu, Maazị Akinwunmi Ambode. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2018, e wegara Ọfịs Ọrụ Mmiri na Lagos State Public Works Corporation (LSPWC), nke dị n'okpuru Ministri Ọrụ, dịka akụkụ nke mgbanwe Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Akinwunmi Ambode Administration. Maazị Babajide Sanwo-Olu, Gọvanọ nke Lagos Steeti, ṅụrụ iyi n'ọkwa n'ọnwa Mee 29, 2019 ma kwe nkwa n'okwu mmeghe ya iji weghachi ụlọ ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịrụ ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Water pollution: Lagos Assembly directs Ministry of Environment, LASEPA to investigate – Lagos State House of Assembly|url=https://www.lagoshouseofassembly.gov.ng/4509/|accessdate=2022-03-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301020630/https://www.lagoshouseofassembly.gov.ng/4509/}}</ref> == Parastal == Ministri ahụ na-ahụ maka Nlekọta Ministri, Ngalaba, na Ụlọ Ọrụ ndị a, MDAs: * Lagos State Environmental Protection Agency (LASEPA) * [[Lagos State Waste Management Authority]] (LAWMA) * Lagos State Parks and Garden Agency (LASPARK) * Lagos Water Corporation (LWC) * Lagos State Water Regulatory Commission (LSWRC) * Lagos State Signage and Advertisement Agency (LASAA) * Kick Against Indiscipline(KAI) * Lagos State Waste Water Management Office (LSWMO)<ref name=":0" /> * gos State (LSWMO)<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2013-08-16|title=Departments|url=https://moelagos.gov.ng/departments/|accessdate=2022-03-01|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-03-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301022141/https://moelagos.gov.ng/departments/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 84r67dbknepusjx4ttir7wt8wj2bfvr 0 20180 654164 125358 2026-06-06T19:47:26Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 link 654164 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Promasidor Nigeria Limited''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-azụ ahịa nke nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ na Isolo, [[Lagos]]. Ọ bụ enyemaka nke Promasidor Holdings nke South Afrika. Ụdị ndị isi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gụnyere mmiri ara ehi Cowbell, mmiri ara Loya, ọka Sunvita, Onga na ihe ọṅụṅụ Top Tea.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ifcextapps.ifc.org/ifcext%5Cpressroom%5Cifcpressroom.nsf%5C0%5C4B3441E03A7F9D298525803600498B70|title=IFC Supports Expansion of Leading Fortified Food Company Promasidor Nigeria Limited with $25 Million Loan|accessdate=2022-09-27|archivedate=2019-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121064713/https://ifcextapps.ifc.org/ifcext%5Cpressroom%5Cifcpressroom.nsf%5C0%5C4B3441E03A7F9D298525803600498B70}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ webatara ire mmiri ara ehi na-acha ntụ ntụ na akpa nke ndị asọmpi mechara soro. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bụ onye na-emepụta mmiri ara ehi na Naịjirịa.<ref>(August 2017). Drinking Milk Products in Nigeria. Euromonitor International Sector Capsules.</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Promasidor Nigeria Limited malitere ọrụ na [[Naijiria]] na Machị, na afọ 1993 n'okpuru aha azụmahịa nke Wonder Foods. Mmiri ara ehi bụ ngwaahịa mbụ e webatara na mba ahụ ma na mbụ a na-ere ya na nha yiri nke onye ndu ahịa, mmiri ara ehi Peak. Otú ọ dị, ahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emepụta mmiri ara ehi 400 gram adịghị agba ume. Iji sọọ mpi na ụdị mmiri ara ehi ndị ọzọ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ butere nnukwu ngwugwu mmiri ara ehi nke a na-ere ndị na-ere ahịa n'ozuzu ha bụ ndị na-anapụ mmiri ara ehi ahụ site na ngwugwu buru ibu n'ime obere akpa polythene maka ire ere. Usoro ire ere na nkesa a nwetara ụfọdụ traction. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Cowbell kpebiri ibubata obere akpa mmiri ara ehi iji lekwasị anya na ndị na-enweta ego dị n'etiti na nke dị ala. Atụmatụ ire ere a mere ka ego ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enweta. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara n'ihu na ngalaba ndị ọzọ dị ka ihe ọṅụṅụ chocolate, tii na ihe oriri.<ref name="Oyeyemi">{{Cite book|title=Kill or get killed : the marketing killer instinct|author=Oyeyemi|first=Kolawole|date=2014|publisher=TP House|isbn=9780985081591|location=Dallas}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, ọ dekọrọ ego kwa afọ nke $ 300 nde.<ref name="promasidor">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cslstockbrokers.com/csl/images/stories/conference/primasidor.pdf|title=CSL Conference September 2011: Quality Food Products|author=Promasidor|work=cslstockbrokers|accessdate=20 January 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2003, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbanwere aha azụmahịa ya site na Wonder Foods gaa na Promasidor iji kwalite otu n'ofe otu ahụ.<ref>This Day. (February 5, 2003 Wednesday). Nigeria; Wonder Foods Changes Name to Promasidor. Africa News. Retrieved from Nexis Uni.</ref> == Akara == === Mmiri ara ehi na ihe ọṅụṅụ koko === Ngwaahịa mbụ Promasidor webatara n'ahịa mgbe ahụ na-azụ ahịa n'okpuru Wonder Foods bụ mmiri ara ehi Cowbell nke na-eguzo ugbu a na ngwaahịa ya. Ọ sochiri mmiri ara ehi Loya nke e webatara n'ahịa n'afọ 2004 wee weghachiri ya n'afọ 2010 ma n'ikpeazụ, Jean-Jean-Jean-Born. Cowbell bụ onye isi na-akpata ego maka Promasidor na ngalaba ahịa mmiri ara ehi, na Juun, na afọ 2010, akara ahụ nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ pasent 24 na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahịa, na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Jean-Born.<ref name="promasidor"/> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ koko: mmiri ara ehi chocolate Cowbell na chocolate Jean-Born. Ụdị ndị a na-asọ mpi na Nestle's Milo na [[Cadbury Nigeria Plc|Cadbury's]] Bournvita. E webatara chocolate Cowbell n'ahịa n'afọ 2000 ma n'afọ 2011, ọ so n'ime ihe ọṅụṅụ cocoa atọ kachasị elu na mba ahụ.<ref name="promasidor"/> === Nchịkọta === N'afọ 2004, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara Onga powdered seasoning mepụtara n'ụdị anọ nke crayfish, ọkụkọ, stew na classic.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.brandarena.com.ng/2014/03/promasidor-launches-onga-cubes-into.html|title=Promasidor launches Onga Cubes into seasoning market}}</ref> Ọ bụ ihe mbụ e mepụtara na Naịjirịa. N'afọ 2010, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere Onga seasoning cubes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201403241473.html|title=Promasidor Launches Onga Cubes Into Seasoning Market|author=Ogunwale|first=Kayode|date=March 23, 2014|work=Daily Trust (Abuja)}}</ref> === Mkpụrụ tii === Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ wepụtara Top Tea na akpa tii gburugburu n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1998.<ref name="promasidor"/> == Ahịa == N'ime afọ ndị mbụ nke ahia na Naịjirịa, Promasidor jiri usoro ahịa kpọmkwem, ọ gbara ndị otu ahịa ya ume ka ha yiri uwe ụlọ ọrụ ma bịakwute ndị na-ere ahịa na-ere site na kiosk na ebe obibi ma ọ bụ n'akụkụ okporo ámá. E nyere ndị nwe kiosk ndị na-ere ahịa ụgbọelu ka ha na-etinye ya ma gbaa ndị na-azụ ahịa ume ka ha na ndị na-ese ahịa nwee mmekọrịta. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kwalite mgbasa ozi ndị a na-elekwasị anya na ụmụaka ndị nwere ike ọ gaghị enwe iguzosi ike n'ihe nye ndị okenye. Iji mepụta ahịa ọhụrụ maka ịzụta buru ibu, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gara ebe a na-eme achịcha, ebe a na'emepụta ihe oriri na ndị na-emepụta yogọt.<ref name="Oyeyemi"/> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịkwado agụmakwụkwọ na ihe omume ndị ntorobịa dịka asọmpi mgbakọ na mwepụ kwa afọ malitere na ngwụcha afọ 1990. Ọ na-akwadokwa ihe ngosi nyocha mgbakọ na mwepụ kwa afọ, ''Cowbellpedia''.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/promasidor-restates-commitment-stem/|title=Promasidor restates commitment to STEM|author=Belo-Osagie|date=17 January 2019|work=The Nation Nigeria}}</ref> == Edenside == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0wacrx2wzoitkkqt13d2obtu1raf8e1 0 20731 654245 152217 2026-06-07T06:02:14Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654245 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Asụsụ Mba''' anọ ahụ mejupụtara obere ezinụlọ nke [[Asụsụ Ubangian]] gbasasịrị n'ebe ugwu [[Democratic Republic of the Congo]]. Asụsụ ndị a bụ, * [[Asụsụ Ma|M]] (A-Ma-Lo) * [[Dongo language|Dongo]] * [[Asụsụ Mba|Mba]] * Ndunga Nke kacha nwee ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ bụ [[Asụsụ Mba|Mba]] n'onwe ya, nke nwere ihe dị ka ndị ọkà okwu 40,000. [[Asụsụ Ma|M]] bụ onye kachasị dị iche. Asụsụ Mba anọ ahụ enweghị njikọ chiri anya<ref name="Pasch">{{Cite book|title=Die Mba-Sprachen: Die Nominalklassensysteme und die genetische Gliederung einer Gruppe von Ubangi-Sprachen|author=Pasch|first=Helma|publisher=Rüdiger Köppe|year=1986|series=Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika (SUGIA)|location=Köln|pages=359}}</ref> ibe ha ma gosipụta nnukwu ọdịiche dị iche iche. == Mmekọrịta asụsụ == Asụsụ Mba enwetala mmetụta <ref name="Guldemann">{{Cite book|title=The Languages and Linguistics of Africa|author=Güldemann|first=Tom|editor=Güldemann|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|chapter=Historical linguistics and genealogical language classification in Africa|year=2018|isbn=978-3-11-042606-9|doi=10.1515/9783110421668-002|location=Berlin|pages=58–444|series=The World of Linguistics series}}</ref> ukwuu site na Bantu n'ebe ndịda, na site na Asụsụ Zande n'ebe ugwu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụfọdụ asụsụ Mba dị ka Ndunga agbaziri ọtụtụ prefixes aha site na Asụsụ Bantu dị nso (Pasch 1986, 1987, 1988). == Nchịkọta n'ime == Mba nkewa n'ime dị ka Pasch si kwuo (1986): <ref name="Pasch">{{Cite book|title=Die Mba-Sprachen: Die Nominalklassensysteme und die genetische Gliederung einer Gruppe von Ubangi-Sprachen|author=Pasch|first=Helma|publisher=Rüdiger Köppe|year=1986|series=Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika (SUGIA)|location=Köln|pages=359}}<cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFPasch1986">Pasch, Helma (1986). ''Die Mba-Sprachen: Die Nominalklassensysteme und die genetische Gliederung einer Gruppe von Ubangi-Sprachen''. Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika (SUGIA) (in German). Vol.&nbsp;Suplement 6. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe. p.&nbsp;359. [[ISSN (ihe njirimara)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[[issn:0720-0986|0720-0986]].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]] [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]</ref> ; Mba * [[Asụsụ Ma|A-Ma-Lo]] * Ndunga-Mba-'Dongo ** '[[Dongo language|Dongo]]-ko ** Ndunga-Mba *** Ndunga-le *** [[Asụsụ Mba|Mba]]-ne == Edensibia == ma ọ bụ oghere ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị n'ime okwu n'ime parentheses) n'ihi amaghị ma ọ bụrụ nke na-abụghị ụdaume {{Reflist}}{{Ubangian languages}}{{Niger-Congo branches}} jsj488y1wez1j056wber89iz7pt9bzk 0 22377 654205 580929 2026-06-07T01:02:40Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Christine Apolot''' bụ onye nkuzi na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Uganda. Ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ mpaghara ise(LC5) oche maka Kumi District. A họpụtara ya n'ọkwa ahụ n'ọnwa June 2016. N'afọ 2021, ọ gbara ọsọ dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị nke Kumi District n'okpuru National Resistance Movement party na-ama Amoding Monicah aka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Uganda|url=https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=430|accessdate=14 March 2021|work=www.parliament.go.ug|archivedate=27 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427105906/https://www.parliament.go.ug/mp_database/profile.php?mid=430}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=19 January 2021|title=Full List of Elected MPs in Uganda 2021|url=https://dailyexpress.co.ug/2021/01/19/full-list-mps-elected-in-uganda-2021/|accessdate=13 March 2021|work=Daily Express Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Independent|first=The|date=27 January 2021|title=Court dismisses Kumi Woman MP vote recount application|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/court-dismisses-kumi-woman-mp-vote-recount-application/|accessdate=13 March 2021|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}</ref> Amụrụ Apolot na Kumi District. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Kumi . O nwekwara asambodo na iwu nchịkwa site na Law Development Centre(LDC). Ka ọ na-erule n'ọnwa Machị 2021, ọ na-agbaso akara ugo mmụta na nchịkwa ọha na eze na Uganda Management Institute (UMI).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Championing exemplary leadership has earned Apolot recognition|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/championing-exemplary-leadership-has-earned-apolot-recognition-1814886|accessdate=13 March 2021|work=Daily Monitor|language=en}}</ref> Apolot malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mgbe ahụ ọ sonyeere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'afọ 2016 n'okpuru National Resistance Movement(NRM) dị ka onye isi oche nke Local Council 5 (LC5) na Kumi District. Ọ bụghị naanị na ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ nọrọ n'oche na mpaghara teso kamakwa otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị atọ na mba ahụ ghọrọ ndị isi oche LC5 na Uganda. Ugbu a ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị nke ụlọ omebe iwu a họpụtara maka Kumi District na ụlọ omebeiwu nke iri na otu nke Uganda.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Full List: All 529 Members Of The 11th Parliament|url=https://thecapitaltimes.co.ug/2021/01/19/full-list-all-529-members-of-the-11th-parliament/|accessdate=13 March 2021|work=Thecapitaltimes|language=en-US|archivedate=27 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227071724/https://thecapitaltimes.co.ug/2021/01/19/full-list-all-529-members-of-the-11th-parliament/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Championing exemplary leadership has earned Apolot recognition|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/magazines/full-woman/championing-exemplary-leadership-has-earned-apolot-recognition-1814886|accessdate=23 March 2021|work=Daily Monitor|language=en}}</ref> == Ebenside == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Apolot, Christine}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 7bh8ho30k6fstzqbp5eqok8rff7l73l 0 22794 654206 101768 2026-06-07T01:27:04Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Removing null pronunciation area 654206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aha nna Jonker''' sitere obodo Dutch. Ọ bụkwa ọdịiche nke aha jonkheer. Aha ahụ nwere ike ịbụ ọrụ sitere na mmalite, na-egosi nna nna nke na-arụ [[Ahà nnà|ọrụ]] ma ọ bụ na-arụ maka jonkheer, ma ọ bụ toponymical, dịka ọmụmaatụ na-ezo aka n'ụlọ a na-akpọ De Jonker.<ref>[http://www.cbgfamilienamen.nl/nfb/detail_naam.php?gba_lcnaam=jonker&gba_naam=Jonker&nfd_naam=Jonker&operator=eq&taal= Jonker] at the Database of Surnames in The Netherlands.</ref> Ndị nwere aha nna gụnyere: eptcbb5jtajxqtw3cbxsxe8rh3h520l 0 23484 654201 643856 2026-06-07T00:17:19Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654201 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Thérèse King''' (15 Julaị 1934 na Ziguinchor<ref name="DEC">{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Décret n°2010-639 du 7 juin 2010|work=Journal officiel de la République du Sénégal|url=http://www.jors.gouv.sn/spip.php?article8233}}</ref> 16 Eprel 2015 na Dakar) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Senegal.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.seneweb.com/news/Necrologie/deces-de-mme-therese-king-ancienne-minis_n_152918.html|title=Décès de Mme Thérèse King, ancienne ministre de la Santé sous Diouf|work=Seneweb News|date=April 17, 2015}}</ref> Ọ bụ Minista nke Ahụike Ọha site n'ọnwa Eprel 5th, 1988 ruo n'ọnwa Machị 27th, 1990 n'okpuru onye isi ala Abdou Diouf.<ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|url=http://www.sante.gouv.sn/anciens-ministres|title=Les anciens ministres|publisher=Ministry of Health and Social Action (Senegal)|accessdate=October 25, 2019}}</ref><ref name="GOUV">{{Cite web|language=fr|url=http://www.sengenre-ucad.org/gouvernements-senegal.pdf|title=Gouvernements du Sénégal de 1957 à 2007]|work=Site Équité et égalité de genre au Sénégal|publisher=Laboratoire GENRE, [[Cheikh Anta Diop University]]|accessdate=2019-10-25|archivedate=2013-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130626194756/http://www.sengenre-ucad.org/gouvernements-senegal.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị mbụ bụ ndị minista gọọmentị na Senegal, na nwanyị nke abụọ bụ Minista nke Ahụike Ọha mgbe Marie Sarr Mbodj gasịrị. N'afọ 2010, e mere ya Grand Cross nke National Order of the Lion.<ref name="DEC" /> == Ebenside == e63qs7qztmpsol88m58tosoy254of7d 0 25165 654213 111133 2026-06-07T01:29:48Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654213 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Narimène Madani''' (amụrụ na Machị 12, 1984, n'ime Béjaïa) bụ onye Algeria na egwu volleyball mba ụwa. Ọ nọchitere anya ndị otu mba Algeria na 2008 Beijing Olimpik. == Ihe ọmụma klọb == '''Klọb dị ugbu a''' : MB Bejaia (Algeria) '''Klọb gara aga''' : GSP (nke bụbu MC Algiers) '''Klọb gara aga''': NC Bejaia (Algeria) '''Klọb izizi''': MB Bejaia (Algeria) == Ihe odide == * [http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/Olympics/2008/Women/Teams/Team_Roster.asp?TRN=WOG2008&TEAM=ALG&sm=6] * [http://www.fivb.org/EN/volleyball/competitions/Olympics/2008/Women/Teams/VB_PlayerDB.asp?No=112534] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jd4v4zcdhzcjz7sc3kahueu9q0j8hsz 0 26122 654185 112304 2026-06-06T20:19:20Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Removing null area 654185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Bolon|states=[[Burkina Faso]]|speakers=23,000|date=1998|familycolor=Niger-Congo|fam1=[[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]]|fam2=[[Mande languages|Mande]]|fam3=Western Mande|fam4=...|fam5=[[Manding languages|Manding]]|fam6=East Manding|iso3=bof}} '''Bolon''' bụ asụsụ Manding nke [[Burkina Faso]]. E nwere olumba abụọ, ọcha/ South na oji/ North; ọcha Bolon nwere ike ịghọta ná Jula.{{Reflist}} evqgvvnjtqvlqhmcmwn3tc3t3w7fhjx 0 26628 654262 628952 2026-06-07T09:55:07Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654262 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Woji''' {{Audio|LL-Q35399 (ikw)-Simon ojelabi-Woji.wav|Listen}} dị na Obio-Akpor Local Government Area na Rivers State, Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Woji Estate Road Walk - Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria {{!}} Pacer|url=https://www.mypacer.com/routes/69600/woji-estate-road-port-harcourt-rivers-state-nigeria|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=www.mypacer.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Woji in Port-Harcourt - Rivers - CityDir.org|url=https://www.citydir.org/NG/Rivers/Port-Harcourt/Cities/Woji/|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=www.citydir.org|archivedate=2023-04-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429172535/https://www.citydir.org/NG/Rivers/Port-Harcourt/Cities/Woji/}}</ref> [[Ama|Obodo]] Woji gbara elelenwo gburugburu, Artillery, Slaughter, Rumukrushi, wdg.Ụlọ ọrụ, Omahia Mmanụ Ụgbọala, ụka, nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ akwụkwọ na [[Ụlọ akụ́|ụlọ akụ]] wdg dị na mpaghara obodo mepere emepe nke Woji, Rivers State.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The top 10 places near Woji « HEYPLACES.COM.NG|url=https://heyplaces.com.ng/Port_Harcourt/Woji/|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=heyplaces.com.ng|language=en-NG}}</ref> [[Ama|Obodo]] woji nwere okporo ámá na ala dị iche iche dị ka Federal Housing Estate Woji wdg.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Woji Estate Road Walk - Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria {{!}} Pacer|url=https://www.mypacer.com/routes/69600/woji-estate-road-port-harcourt-rivers-state-nigeria|accessdate=2023-04-29|work=www.mypacer.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Road 30, Federal Housing Estate, Woji, Port Harcourt - Port Harcourt - WorldPlaces|url=https://nigeria.worldplaces.me/view-place/82633850-road-30-federal-housing-estate-woji-port-harcourt.html|accessdate=2023-05-12|work=nigeria.worldplaces.me|language=en}}</ref> [[Ama|Obodo]] Woji nwere osimiri aha ya nke a na-akpọ Osimiri Woji. == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} cs6korckwzn042v6ryu4wrfme7pz5f1 0 26729 654167 452093 2026-06-06T19:48:15Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654167 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Okpomọkụ nke nguzozi mbara ala''' bụ okpomọkụ nke mbara ala ga-abụ ma ọ bụrụ na ọ nọ na nguzozi radiative, nke a na-ahụkarị n'okpuru echiche na ọ na-enwu dị ka ahu ojii nke naanị kpakpando nne ya na-ekpo ọkụ. N'ime ihe nlereanya a, ọnụnọ ma ọ bụ enweghị ikuku (ya mere mmetụta ọ bụla na-ekpo ọkụ) adịghị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na a na-agbakọ okpomọkụ nguzozi site na nguzozi na ike kpakpando. Ndị edemede ndị ọzọ na-eji aha dị iche iche maka echiche a, dị ka '''okpomọkụ nke''' ụwa. '''Okpomọkụ radiation''' radiation dị irè bụ echiche yiri ya, mana ọ na-elekwasị anya na ike a na-enye karịa ike a na'enweta, yabụ nwere ike ịnwe uru dị iche ma ọ bụrụ na mbara ala nwere isi iyi ike dị n'ime ma ọ bụ mgbe mbara ala ahụ anọghị na nguzozi radiative.<ref name="jin">{{Cite journal|author=Jin|first=Menglin|date=2010-10-01|title=Land surface skin temperature climatology: benefitting from the strengths of satellite observations|url=http://stacks.iop.org/1748-9326/5/i=4/a=044004?key=crossref.b3cc8ec29b47cd039bc36bcb6e3c9b11|journal=Environmental Research Letters|volume=5|issue=4|pages=044004|doi=10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044004|issn=1748-9326}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=Fundamental planetary science : physics, chemistry, and habitability|author=Lissauer, Jack Jonathan.|others=De Pater, Imke, 1952-|isbn=9780521853309|location=New York, NY, USA|pages=90|oclc=808009225|date=2013-09-16}}</ref> '''Okpomọkụ nke''' nguzozi mbara ala dị iche na okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na okpompe ikuku elu, nke a na-atụle site na satellites ma ọ bụ ngwaọrụ ndị dị n'elu, ma nwee ike ịdị ọkụ karịa '''okpomọkụ''' nguzozi n'ihi mmetụta okpomọkụ.<ref name="jin"/><ref name=":1"/> == Ngukota oge okpomọkụ nguzozi == Tụlee mbara ala na-agba kpakpando ya gburugburu. Kpakpando ahụ na-ewepụta radiation isotropically, ụfọdụ akụkụ nke radiation a na-eru na mbara ala. A na-akpọ oke radiation na-abata na mbara ala ahụ dị ka radiation anyanwụ, .<math>I_o</math> Mbara ala nwere albedo nke na-adabere na njirimara nke elu ya na ikuku ya, ya mere ọ na-amị naanị obere radiation. Mbara ala na-amịkọrọ radiation nke albedo na-adịghị egosipụta, ma na-ekpo ọkụ. Otu onye nwere ike iche na mbara ala ahụ na-enye ike dị ka ihe ojii na okpomọkụ ụfọdụ dị ka iwu Stefanz Boltizmann si dị. Nkwado okpomọkụ dị mgbe ike nke kpakpando ahụ nyere hà ka ike nke mbara ala ahụ na-enye. Okpomọkụ nke nguzozi a na-eme bụ okpomọkụ nguzozi nke mbara ala.<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":5"/><ref name=":6"/> === Ebe e si nweta ya === Ọdịdị anyanwụ nke mbara ala ahụ na-amị site na kpakpando ahụ hà ka ọpụpụ nke mbara ala na-ewepụta:<ref name=":1"/><ref name=":5"/><ref name=":6"/> <math>{ F }_{\rm abs }={ F }_{\rm emit }</math> N'iche na a na-egosipụta akụkụ nke ìhè anyanwụ na-eme ihe dị ka albedo Bond nke mbara ala si dị, :<math>A_B</math> <math>(1-A_B){ F }_{\rm solar }={ F }_{\rm emit }</math> ebe ọ na-anọchite anya mpaghara na oge nkezi nke anyanwụ, a pụkwara ịkọwa ya dị ka:<math>{ F }_{\rm solar }</math> <math>F_{\rm solar}=I_o/4</math> Ihe nke 1/4 na usoro ahụ dị n'elu na-abịa site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ bụ naanị otu hemisphere na-enwu ọkụ n'oge ọ bụla (na-emepụta ihe nke 1/2), yana site na ijikọta akụkụ nke ìhè anyanwụ na-eme na hemisphere ọkụ (na-eke ihe ọzọ nke 1/2).<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|title=Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds|author=Catling|first=David C.|publisher=Cambridge University Press|others=Kasting, James F.|year=2017|isbn=9780521844123|location=Cambridge|pages=34|oclc=956434982}}</ref> N'iburu n'uche na mbara ala na-enwu dị ka ihe ojii dịka iwu Stefaná Boltizmann si dị na okpomọkụ ụfọdụ, nguzozi nke mmiri na-amị na nke na-apụ apụ na-emepụta:<math>{ T }_{ eq } </math> <math>{ T }_{\rm eq }={\left( { \frac {I_o \left( 1-A_B \right) }{ 4 \sigma } }\right)}^{ 1/4 } </math> Ịhazigharị usoro ahụ dị n'elu iji chọta okpomọkụ nguzozi na-eduga na: <math>{ T }_{\rm eq }={\left( { \frac {L \left( 1-A_B \right) }{ 16 \sigma \pi a^2} }\right)}^{ 1/4 } </math> == Nkọwa maka mbara ala ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ == Maka mbara ala gbara kpakpando ọzọ gburugburu, (ihe na-eme na mbara ala) abụghị ọnụ ọgụgụ a na-atụle ngwa ngwa.<math>I_o</math> Iji chọta okpomọkụ nke mbara ala dị otú ahụ, ọ nwere ike ịba uru iji gbakọọ radiation nke kpakpando ahụ dị ka ihe ojii, dị ka nke a: <math>F_{\rm star}=\sigma T_{\rm star}^4</math> A pụrụ ide ìhè () nke kpakpando ahụ, nke a pụrụ ịtụle site na nyocha nke ìhè kpakpando, dị ka:<math>L</math><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/OJTA2dev/ojta/c2c/ordinary_stars/magnitudes/absolute_tl.html|title=Absolute Magnitude|work=csep10.phys.utk.edu|accessdate=2019-06-12}}</ref> ebe a na-amụba flux site na elu nke kpakpando ahụ.<math>L=4\pi R_{\rm star}^2\sigma T_{\rm star}^4</math> Iji chọta ihe na-eme na mbara ala, , n'ebe dị anya site na kpakpando ahụ, , mmadụ nwere ike kewaa site na mpaghara elu nke okirikiri nwere radius :<math>I_x</math><math>a</math><math>a </math><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.austincc.edu/jheath/Stellar/Hand/FLB/flb.htm|title=Flux, Luminosity, and Brightness|work=www.austincc.edu|accessdate=2019-06-12|archivedate=2019-04-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403163201/http://www.austincc.edu/jheath/Stellar/Hand/FLB/flb.htm}}</ref> <math>I_x=\left ( \frac{L}{4\pi a^2}\right )</math> Ịtinye nke a n'ime usoro nhazi maka okpomọkụ nke mbara ala na-enye: <math>{ T }_{\rm eq }=T_{\rm star}\sqrt{{ \frac {R }{2 a} }} \left( 1-A_B \right)^{ 1/4 } </math> Ọ bụrụ na a maara ìhè nke kpakpando ahụ site na nyocha photometric, mgbanwe ndị ọzọ fọdụrụnụ a ga-ekpebi bụ Bond albedo na ebe dị anya nke mbara ala ahụ. Bond albedos nke exoplanets nwere ike igbochi site na ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ nke exoplasets na-agafe agafe, ma nwee ike inweta ya n'ọdịnihu site na foto nke exoplaets na ntụgharị site na geometric albedo.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cowan|first=Nicolas B.|date=2011-03-01|title=The statistics of albedo and heat recirculation on hot exoplanets|url=http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/729/i=1/a=54?key=crossref.9d4ad1cce44f75fc7ae9f4041b6f989c|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=729|issue=1|pages=54|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/729/1/54|issn=0004-637X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Cahoy|first=Kerri L.|date=2010-11-20|title=Exoplanet albedo spectra and colors as a function of planet phase, separation, and metallicity|url=http://stacks.iop.org/0004-637X/724/i=1/a=189?key=crossref.6fa980d8fdc7f98960cbc736accabef8|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|volume=724|issue=1|pages=189–214|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/724/1/189|issn=0004-637X}}</ref> Enwere ike ịlele ihe ndị dị na mbara ala dị ka ebe dị anya site na ọsọ radial na oge njem.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astro.gsu.edu/lab/Supplemental_labs/supplemental_labs_files/exoplanets/Exoplanet_writeup.pdf|title=Exoplanets|author=Chatelain|first=Joey|work=Georgia State University Physics and Astronomy}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/edu/pdfs/exoplanets_answers.pdf|title=Exploring Exoplanets with Kepler|work=NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory}}</ref> N'aka nke ọzọ, enwere ike ide nguzozi mbara ala n'ihe gbasara okpomọkụ na radius nke kpakpando ahụ: == Ọgba == Okpomọkụ nguzozi abụghị elu ma ọ bụ ala na okpomọkụ n'ezie na mbara ala. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe mere okpomọkụ a tụrụ na-esi pụọ na okpomọkụ nguzozi a buru n'amụma. === Mmetụta okpomọkụ === N'ihi mmetụta nke okpomọkụ, ebe radiation nke mbara ala na-ewepụta na-amịkọrọ ma na-ewepụ ya n'elu site na gas ụfọdụ na ikuku, mbara ala nwere ikuku okpomọkụ dị elu ga-enwe okpomọkụ elu karịa okpomọkụ nguzozi. Dịa ọmụmaatụ, Venus nwere okpomọkụ dị mma nke ihe dị ka nari abụọ iri abụọ na isii K (-47 ; -53 °F), mana okpomọkụ elu nke narị asaa na iri anọ K (467 °C; 872 ).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html|title=Venus Fact Sheet|date=December 23, 2016|work=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov|accessdate=2017-02-01|archivedate=2016-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160308174416/http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/venusfact.html}}</ref><ref name="burro.astr.cwru2">{{Cite web|url=http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/SolarSys/equiltemp.html|title=Equilibrium Temperatures of Planets|work=burro.astr.cwru.edu|accessdate=2013-08-01|archivedate=2018-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181005052113/http://burro.astr.cwru.edu/Academics/Astr221/SolarSys/equiltemp.html}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, ụwa nwere okpomọkụ dị mma nke narị abụọ iri ise na ise K (-18 ; -1 °F), mana okpomọkụ elu nke ihe dị ka narị abụọ iri asatọ na asatọ K ( °C; 59 ) n'ihi mmetụta okpomọkụ na ikuku anyị.<ref name="burro.astr.cwru2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.space.com/17816-earth-temperature.html|title=What Is Earth's Average Temperature?|author=Science|first=Tim Sharp 2018-04-23T19:26:00Z|work=Space.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-06-12}}</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=Atmospheres|author=Goody|first=Richard M.|date=1972|publisher=Prentice-Hall|others=Walker, James C. G.|isbn=0130500968|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.|pages=[https://archive.org/details/atmospheres0000good/page/46 46, 49]|oclc=482175|url=https://archive.org/details/atmospheres0000good/page/46}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Fundamental planetary science : physics, chemistry, and habitability|author=Lissauer, Jack Jonathan.|others=De Pater, Imke, 1952-|isbn=9780521853309|location=New York, NY, USA|oclc=808009225|date=2013-09-16}}</ref> A na-eme atụmatụ okpomọkụ nke mbara ala ndị dị otú ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi site na iji ụdị nkwụsi ike dị mfe nke gụnyere otu ma ọ bụ karịa ọkwa nke njem radiation na ikuku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming.html|title=ACS Climate Science Toolkit - How Atmospheric Warming Works|publisher=[[American Chemical Society]]|accessdate=3 October 2022|archivedate=4 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104020135/https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/climatescience/atmosphericwarming.html}}</ref> === Ahụ ndị na-enweghị ikuku === Na ahụ ndị na enweghị ikuku, E nweghị ịrịba ama mmetụta greenhouse na enye ohere nha nha okpomọkụ ịbịaru nsọ nsọ ọnọdụ okpomọkụ, dị ka na Mars, ebe nha nha okpomọkụ bụ narị abụọ na iri k(-63 C; -82F) ma okpomọkụ pụtara na ọ bụrụ na mgbapụta bụ narị abụọ iri na isek(-58 C;73F). E nwere nnukwu ọ dị echi dị na elu okpomọkụ. gafe ohere na oge na enweghị ikuku ahụ dị ka Mars, nke nwere mgbanwe okpomọkụ kwa ụbọchị site na iri ise ruo iri isii k. Na ihi oké uku ikuku ibufe ma ọ bụ jidegida okpomọkụ, mgbanwe dị ịrịba ama na okpomọkụ ịzụlite. Na eche na mbara ala na egbuke egbuke dị ka ahụ ọjị ( ya bụ dị ka iwu Stefan-Boltzmann si kwuo), mgbanwe okpomọkụ bụ tara na ihe akpọrọ emission variations, na oge na ike anọ . Nke dị ịrịba ama maka nnwota nha nha okpomọkụ na esighi na nghọta okpomọkụ pom kwem, mana na ngokita nsọ n'azụ fluxes na ihe ka enwe okpomọkụ pụrụ iche na uku ikuku ahụ ( ka ewe gbanye nha nha okpomọkụ), na nkezi nke mba ụwa na atule na okpomọkụ dị irè ke akpọrọ emission nke ga emeputa ihe dị ka Flux ka ana agbako. Otú ụzọ ahu ga adị mkpa na itule ọnwa nke nwere okpomọkụ ike dị ka narị iri abụọ iri asaa na otu k(-2C;28 F); mana nwe kwa okpomọkụ nke a; narị ato iri asaa na atọ K(-100C; 212F); na abalị ; ọzọ mgbanwe okpomọkụ a sitere na ógbè ye okpomọkụ na njem na ndebe mgbe ihe e adịghị. === Mgbanwe ike dị n'ime === A pụkwara ime ka ihe ndị na-agba gburugburu na-ekpo ọkụ site na okpomọkụ, ike geothermal nke a na-akpali site na mbibi radioactive na etiti mbara ala, ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo ọkụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.astronomynotes.com/solarsys/s14.htm|title=Jupiter's Large Moons|author=Strobel|first=Nick|date=March 12, 2013|work=Planetary Science|accessdate=2019-03-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.psu.edu/story/141223/2006/03/27/research/probing-question-what-heats-earths-core|title=Probing Question: What heats the earth's core?|author=Anuta, Joe|date=March 27, 2006|work=Penn State News}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O13-accretionalheating.html|title=accretional heating|work=A Dictionary of Earth Sciences|publisher=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=2013-08-01}}</ref> Usoro ndị a dị n'ime ga-eme ka okpomọkụ dị irè (okpomọkụ ojii nke na-emepụta radiation a hụrụ site na mbara ala) dị ọkụ karịa okpomọkụ nguzozi (okpompomọkụ ojii onye ga-atụ anya site na okpomọkụ anyanwụ naanị).<ref name=":6"/><ref name=":0"/> Dị ka ọmụmaatụ, na Saturn, okpomọkụ dị irè bụ ihe dị ka iri itoolu na ise K, ma e jiri ya tụnyere okpomọkụ nke ihe dị ka iri isii na atọ K. Nke a kwekọrọ na oke dị n'etiti ike a na-ewepụta na ike anyanwụ natara nke ~ 2.4, na-egosi isi iyi ike dị n'ime.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fortney|first=Jonathan J.|date=2010|title=The interior structure, composition, and evolution of giant planets|journal=Space Science Reviews|language=en|volume=152|issue=1–4|pages=423–447|doi=10.1007/s11214-009-9582-x|issn=0038-6308}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Aumann|first=H. H.|date=1969|title=The internal powers and effective temperatures of Jupiter and Saturn|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|language=en|volume=157|pages=L69|doi=10.1086/180388|issn=0004-637X}}</ref><ref name=":3" /> Jupiter na Neptune nwere oke ike a na-enye na ike anyanwụ natara nke 2.5 na 2.7, n'otu n'otu.<ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://lasp.colorado.edu/~bagenal/3720/CLASS6/6EquilibriumTemp.html|title=6 - Equilibrium Temperature|work=lasp.colorado.edu|accessdate=2019-06-12|archivedate=2017-12-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223021230/http://lasp.colorado.edu/~bagenal/3720/CLASS6/6EquilibriumTemp.html}}</ref> Enwere ike iwere njikọ chiri anya n'etiti okpomọkụ dị irè na okpomọkụ nguzozi nke Uranus dị ka ihe akaebe na usoro na-emepụta ikuku dị n'ime bụ ihe a na-eleghara anya na Uranus ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu mbara ala ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":4" /> == Hụkwa == * Okpomọkụ dị irè * Nkwado okpomọkụ * [[Mmefu ego ike nke ụwa]] == Ndemsibia == <references responsive="0"></references> == Ebe e si nweta ya == * {{Cite journal|date=2012|title=Two Earth-sized planets orbiting Kepler-20|journal=Nature|volume=482|issue=7384|pages=195–198|doi=10.1038/nature10780|pmid=22186831}} * {{Cite book|author=Wallace|first=J.M.|year=2006|title=Atmospheric Science. An Introductory Survey|edition=2nd|publisher=Elsevier|location=Amsterdam|isbn=978-0-12-732951-2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Equilibrium [https://web.archive.org/web/20171223021230/http://lasp.colorado.edu/~bagenal/3720/CLASS6/6EquilibriumTemp.html Okpomọkụ] na Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Mahadum Colorado * [https://climateblab.github.io/energy-balance/ Njikọ ike: ihe nlereanya ihu igwe kachasị mfe] * HEC: Exoplanets Calculator Features a user friendly calculator iji gbakọọ Planet Equilibrium Temperature. [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4n9ffowx6h5v9p1e21es6vcab5hxrxw 0 27976 654252 200644 2026-06-07T06:05:54Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654252 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}[[Usòrò:Ugochukwu Oduenyi.jpg|thumb|Ugochukwu Oduenyi]]  '''Ugochukwu Ogbonnaya Oduenyi''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị atọ nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 1996) bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere. == Ọrụ == Oduenyi malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ Emmanuel Amuneke a ma ama na Lagos, Naijiria. === Austria na Croatia === N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2018, Oduenyi hapụrụ ụsọ mmiri nke Naịjirịa wee bịanye aka na klọb Austrian Bundesliga LASK. O dere nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na klọb Austrian mana a gbazinyere ya na [[:en:Croatian_Second_Football_League|Croatian Second Football League]] NK Sesvete. N'ọnwa Ọktoba nke afọ 2018 o mere mpụta nke mbụ ya maka Sesvete na Croatian Second Football League mgbe ọ bịara dị ka onye nọchiri Mario Vasilj na nkeji nke iri isii medige NK Bijelo Brdo na ụbọchị egwuregwu nke asatọ nke oge 2018-19. Mgbazinye ahụ kwụsịrị n'oge ezumike oyi nke oge ahụ. Oduenyi gara mgbazinye na 2. Liga . Klọb Liga SV Horn n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2019. O mere nke mbụ ya na ngalaba nke abụọ na SV Horn na'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2019, mgbe ọ nọ na mmalite ndị bidoro megide FC Liefering na ụbọchị egwuregwu nke iri na isii nke oge ahụ ma jiri Kelvin Arase dochie ya na nkeji nke iri ise na asatọ. N'ọnwa Septemba nke afọ 2019, Oduenyi bịanyere aka na klọb Austria ọzọ SV Ried no na nkewa nke abụọ. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe gara nke ọma mere ndị otu ya iji nweta nkwalite na Austrian Bundesliga na 2020 ma a tọhapụrụ ya mgbe nkwekọrịta ha gwụsịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 August 2020|title=Champion in Austria Ugochukwu Oduenyi aims for the top|url=https://scorenigeria.com.ng/champion-in-austria-ugochukwu-oduenyi-aims-for-the-top/|accessdate=24 February 2021|work=Score Nigeria|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ukraine na Kazakhstan === N'ọnwa Jenụwarị nke afọ 2021, Oduenyi bịanyere aka na Mynai ka ọ sonye na ndị otu [[:en:Ukraine_Premier_League|Ukraine Premier League]] dị ka onye ọkpụkpọ n'efu ma nye ya uwe elu No. 9 a ma ama.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 January 2021|title=Ukrainian Club FC Minaj signs Oduenyi - The Nation|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ukrainian-club-fc-minaj-signs-oduenyi/|accessdate=24 February 2021|work=Latest Nigeria News, Nigerian Newspapers, Politics|language=en-US}}</ref> Oduenyi mere egwuregwu nke mbụ ya na Mynai n'ụbọchị iri na atọ nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=‘Majestic Oduenyi’ makes Ukraine debut|url=https://thelagostempong.com/majestic-oduenyi-makes-ukraine-debut/|work=thelagostempong.com/|publisher=The Lagos Tempo|accessdate=25 August 2021|date=14 February 2021|archivedate=28 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230628073501/https://thelagostempong.com/majestic-oduenyi-makes-ukraine-debut/}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, Zhetysu kwupụtara mbinye aka Oduenyi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ДОБРО ПОЖАЛОВАТЬ, УГО!|url=https://fc-zhetisu.kz/rus/news/3834|work=fc-zhetisu.kz/|publisher=FC Zhetysu|accessdate=25 August 2021|language=Russian|date=25 August 2021|archivedate=25 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210825123106/https://fc-zhetisu.kz/rus/news/3834}}</ref> === Lithuania === N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, ọ mara ọkwa na ya na [[:en:FC_Hegelmann|Hegelmann Club]]<nowiki/>nke Lithuania bịanyere aka.<ref>https://www.sportas.lt/naujiena/475904/hegelmann-gretose-puolejas-is-nigerijos</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2023, o mere mpụta nke mbụ ya na [[A lyga]] megide [[DFK Dainava]].<ref>https://alyga.lt/rungtynes/2023-04-23-dainava-hegelmann/1543</ref> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Ugochukwu Oduenyi at FootballDatabase.eu * Ugochukwu Oduenyi at Soccerway [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị gbara bọọlụ ọkachamara na mba Kazakhastan]] [[Òtù:Ndị Naijirịa gbara bọọlụ ọkachamara na mba Kazakhstan]] [[Òtù:Ndị gbara bọọlụ ọkachamara na mba Ukraine]] [[Òtù:Ndị Naijirịa gbara bọọlụ ọkachamara na mba Ukraine]] [[Òtù:Ndị Naijirịa gbara bọọlụ ọkachamara]] [[Òtù:Ndị otu Zhetysu]] [[Òtù:Ndi otu Mynai]] [[Òtù:Ndị gbara bọọlụ na Ukrainian premier league]] [[Òtù:Ndị Bọọlụ Naijirịa]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1996]] agtnhqbc6p2iapxu4ax40t58mcwu8t7 0 29193 654233 193551 2026-06-07T05:57:16Z Wikipedian12512 61424 654233 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Greenpeace''' bụ netwọk mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ kwụụrụ onwe ya, tọrọ ntọala na Canada na 1971 site n'aka Irving Stowe na Dorothy Stowe, ndị na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi si United States. Greenpeace na-ekwu na ebumnuche ya bụ "ịhụ na ikike nke ụwa ịzụlite ndụ n'ụdị dị iche iche" ma gbado anya na mgbasa ozi ya na okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe, igbutu osisi, ịhịa aka n'ahụ, ịzụ ahịa azụ ahịa, injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ihe mgbochi nuklia. Ọ na-eji ime ihe ozugbo, ime ihe ike, nyocha, na ecotage iji nweta ebumnobi ya. Netwọk ahụ nwere otu mba/mpaghara 26 nọọrọ onwe ha na mba 55 gafee Europe, America, Africa, Asia, [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na Pacific, yana otu nhazi, Greenpeace International, dabere na Amsterdam, Netherlands. netwọkụ ụwa niile anaghị anabata ego sitere n'aka gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-adabere na nde mmadụ atọ ndị na-akwado ya na onyinye ntọala. Greenpeace nwere ọkwa ndụmọdụ izugbe na United Nations Economic and Social Council ma bụrụ onye guzobere INGO Accountability Charter, otu mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na-ezube ịkwalite aza ajụjụ na nghọta nke ndị otu na-abụghị gọọmentị. A maara Greenpeace maka omume ya kpọmkwem ma kọwaa ya dị ka otu n'ime òtù gburugburu ebe obibi a na-ahụ anya n'ụwa. O welitere ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe ọmụma ọha, ma metụta ma ndị nkeonwe na nke ọha. Nzukọ ahụ anatala nkatọ; ọ bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe sitere n'aka ihe karịrị 100 Nobel laureates na-agba Greenpeace ume ka ọ kwụsị mgbasa ozi ya megide mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwetụrụ (GMOs). Omume ozugbo nke otu a kpalitere omume iwu megide ndị na-akwado Greenpeace, dị ka nra na ahịrị ahịrị nkwusioru maka ibibi atụmatụ nnwale nke ọka wit gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa yana, dịka gọọmentị Peruvian siri kwuo, na-emebi Lines Nazca, saịtị World Heritage World.<ref name="canberra">{{Cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/gm-crop-destroyers-given-suspended-sentences-20121119-29l66.html|title=GM crop destroyers given suspended sentences|work=The Canberra Times|date=19 November 2012|accessdate=8 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="WSJ Nazca">{{Cite news|author=Kozak|first=Robert|date=14 December 2014|title=Peru Says Greenpeace Permanently Damaged Nazca Lines|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/peru-says-greenpeace-permanently-damaged-nazca-lines-1418681478|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Mmalite ya === [[Usòrò:AmchitkaAlaskaLoc.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ebe agwaetiti Amchitka dị na Alaska.]] [[Usòrò:1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg|thumb|Ngwá ọrụ nuklia nke kpaliri okike nke Greenpeace ka a na-agbadata ya n'ime oghere ya maka ''Cannikin''.]] N'ọgwụgwụ 1960s, US zubere ule ngwa agha nuklia nke Cannikin n'ime agwaetiti Amchitka na-adịghị akwụsi ike na Alaska; atụmatụ ndị ahụ welitere nchegbu ụfọdụ maka ule na-ebute ala ọma jijiji na ịkpata mbufịt mbufịt. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 7,000 gbochiri Peace Arch Border Crossing n'etiti British Columbia na Washington, na-ebu akara na-agụ "Emela Wave. Ọ bụ gị kpatara ma ọ bụrụ na mmejọ anyị na-aga". na "Kwụsị Igbe M Emechabeghị." Mkpesa ahụ akwụsịghị US ịgbawa bọmbụ ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ala ọma jijiji ma ọ bụ tsunami gbasoro ule ahụ, mmegide ahụ toro mgbe US kwupụtara na ha ga-agbawa bọmbụ ugboro ise karịa nke mbụ. Otu n'ime ndị mmegide ahụ bụ Jim Bohlen, onye agha agha nke jerela ozi n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri US, na Irving Stowe na Dorothy Stowe, ndị ghọrọ ndị Quakers n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Ha nwere nkụda mmụọ maka enweghị ọrụ nke Sierra Club Canada, nke ha bụ ndị otu ya. Site na Irving Stowe, Jim Bohlen mụtara maka ụdị nguzogide na-enweghị isi, "ịgba akaebe", ebe a na-eme mkpesa naanị site na ọnụnọ nkịtị. Nwunye Jim Bohlen Marie wepụtara echiche iji ụgbọ mmiri gaa Amchitka, nke sitere na njem mgbochi nuklia nke Albert Bigelow na 1958. Echiche ahụ kwụsịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ma jikọta ya na Sierra Club. Njikọ a enweghị mmasị na ọgbakọ Sierra Club na na 1970 e hiwere kọmitii Emela Wave maka ngagharị iwe ahụ. E nwere nzukọ mbụ n'ụlọ Shaughnessy nke Robert Hunter na nwunye ya Bobbi Hunter. E mesịa, ụlọ Stowe dị na 2775 Courtenay Street (Vancouver) ghọrọ isi ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ka Rex Weyler tinyere ya na usoro iheomume ya, Greenpeace, na 1969, Irving na Dorothy Stowe's "ụlọ dị jụụ na Courtenay Street ga-abụ n'oge na-adịghị anya isi ihe dị mkpa, mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ". Ụfọdụ n'ime ọgbakọ Greenpeace mbụ e nwere n'ebe ahụ. Emeghere ụlọ ọrụ mbụ n'ime ime ụlọ, n'ihu ụlọ ahịa dị na Cypress na West Broadway ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Kitsilano, Vancouver. N'ime ọkara afọ Greenpeace kwabatara iji soro ndị Society na-akwalite nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi kesaa oghere ụlọ elu dị na 4th na Maple na Kitsilano. [[:en:Irving_Stowe|Irving Stowe]] haziri ihe egwu uru (nke [[:en:Joan_Baez|Joan Baez]] kwadoro) nke mere na 16 October 1970 na Pacific Coliseum na Vancouver. Egwuregwu ahụ mepụtara ntọala ego maka mkpọsa Greenpeace mbụ. Amchitka, ihe egwu 1970 eweputara Greenpeace nke Greenpeace bipụtara na Nọvemba 2009 na CD ma dịkwa ka nbudata mp3 site na webụsaịtị egwu Amchitka. N'iji ego a na-enweta na ihe nkiri ahụ, ndị Kọmiti Emela ka Ndị Na-efegharị efegharị na-akwụ ụgwọ ụgbọ mmiri, Phyllis Cormack bụ nke John Cormack nwere ma na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. A kpọgharịrị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ Greenpeace maka ngagharị iwe ahụ mgbe okwu onye na-akwado Bill Darnell chepụtara. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri zuru oke gụnyere: Captain John Cormack (onye nwe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ), Jim Bohlen, Bill Darnell, Patrick Moore, Dr Lyle Thurston, Dave Birmingham, Terry A. Simmons, Richard Fineberg, Robert Hunter (onye nta akụkọ), Ben Metcalfe (onye nta akụkọ), Bob Cummings (onye nta akụkọ) na Bob Keziere (onye na-ese foto). Na 15 Septemba 1971, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ rutere Amchitka ma chere ụgbọ mmiri nchekwa nke US Coast Confidence ihu nke manyere ndị na-eme ihe ike ịlaghachi azụ. N'ihi nke a na ihu igwe na-arịwanye elu nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kpebiri ịlaghachi na Canada nanị iji chọpụta na akụkọ banyere njem ha na nkwado sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ nke ntụkwasị obi mere ka ọmịiko maka mkpesa ha. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Greenpeace gbalịrị iji ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ gaa ebe ule ahụ, ruo mgbe US gbawara bọmbụ ahụ. A katọrọ ule nuklia ahụ, US kpebiri na ha agaghị aga n'ihu na atụmatụ nnwale ha na Amchitka. ==== Ndị guzobere na oge ntọala nke Greenpeace ====   Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme gburugburu ebe obibi Frank Zelko dere ụbọchị nguzobe nke "Emela kọmitii Wave" na 1969 na, dịka Jim Bohlen si kwuo, otu ahụ nakweere aha "Emela Kọmitii Wave" na 28 November 1969. Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo. Weebụsaịtị, The Don't Make a Wave Committee e hiwere na 1970. Asambodo incorporation nke The Don't Make a Wave Committee ụbọchị ntinye aka na nke ise nke October 1970. Onye nyocha Vanessa Timmer detes the official incorporation na 1971. Greenpeace n'onwe ya. na-akpọ njem ngagharị iwe nke 1971 dị ka “mmalite”. Dị ka Patrick Moore si kwuo, onye bụ onye mbụ ma kewapụ onwe ya na Greenpeace na Rex Weyler, a gbanwere aha "The Don't Make a Wave Committee" ka ọ bụrụ Greenpeace Foundation na 1972. Vanessa Timmer akpọtụla ndị otu mbụ dị ka "otu ndị ngagharị iwe a haziri ahazi na-atụghị anya ya". Frank Zelko ekwuola na "n'adịghị ka ndị enyi nke ụwa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke malitere n'ụzọ zuru ezu site n'egedege ihu nke David Brower, Greenpeace tolitere n'ụzọ evolushọn ọzọ. Ọ dịghị otu onye nchoputa ". Greenpeace n'onwe ya na-ekwu na ibe weebụ ya na "enwere ihe ọchị na na ụlọ mmanya ọ bụla dị na Vancouver, British Columbia, ị nwere ike ịnọdụ ala n'akụkụ onye na-ekwu na ya tọrọ ntọala Greenpeace. N'ezie, ọ dịghị otu onye nchoputa: aha, echiche, spirit. a pụkwara ikwu na usoro niile nwere usoro ọmụmụ dị iche iche." Patrick Moore ekwuola na "eziokwu bụ na Greenpeace bụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu mgbe niile, ọ bụghị ihe tọrọ ntọala dị ka obodo ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ya mere enwere obere agba ntụ banyere onye nwere ike ikwu na ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke Greenpeace." Onye isi Greenpeace oge ochie Rex Weyler na-ekwu na homepage ya na ndị na-ahụ maka Greenpeace na-arụrịta ụka banyere ndị malitere kemgbe etiti 1970s. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Greenpeace nke ugbu a depụtara ndị guzobere Kọmitii Don't Make a Wave dị ka Dorothy na Irving Stowe, Marie na Jim Bohlen, Ben na Dorothy Metcalfe, na Robert Hunter.<ref name="Greenpeace: founders">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/founders|title=Greenpeace Official page: The Founders|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=29 October 2008|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=24 September 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050924150423/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/founders}}</ref> Dị ka Patrick Moore na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Dorothy Stowe, Dorothy Metcalfe, Jim Bohlen na Robert Hunter si kwuo, ndị guzobere Kọmitii Don't Make a Wave bụ Paul Cote, Irving na Dorothy Stowa na Jim na Marie Bohlen.<ref name="Moore: founders">{{Cite web|url=http://www.beattystreetpublishing.com/who-are-the-founders-of-greenpeace-2/|title=Patrick Moore: Who Are the Founders of Greenpeace|publisher=Beatty Street Publishing|accessdate=22 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007000313/http://www.beattystreetpublishing.com/who-are-the-founders-of-greenpeace-2/|archivedate=7 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Archive.greenpeace.org">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|title=Interview by Michael Friedrich: Greenpeace Founders|publisher=Archive.greenpeace.org|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622032226/http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|archivedate=22 June 2011}}</ref> Paul Watson, onye guzobere [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] na-ekwusi ike na ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị guzobere The Don't Make a Wave Committee na Greenpeace.<ref name="watson:founders">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|title=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society: Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson 'Disappear'|publisher=Seashepherd.org|date=15 May 2008|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=4 March 2011}}</ref> Greenpeace ekwuola na Watson bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta, mana ọ bụghị otu n'ime ndị guzobere Greenpeace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|title=Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|publisher=Greenpeace|date=17 December 2008|accessdate=22 November 2012|archivedate=26 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826061748/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/}}</ref> Watson boro Greenpeace ebubo na ha na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme ha.<ref name="watson:founders" /> N'ihi na Patrick Moore so na ndị ọrụ nke njem mkpesa mbụ, Moore na-ewere onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya. Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na Moore bụ onye otu mbụ dị mkpa, ọ bụghị otu n'ime ndị guzobere Greenpeace.<ref name="Archive.greenpeace.org">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|title=Interview by Michael Friedrich: Greenpeace Founders|publisher=Archive.greenpeace.org|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622032226/http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|archivedate=22 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="greenpeaceMoore">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/about/history/Patrick-Moore-background-information/|title=Patrick Moore background information|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=7 December 2010|accessdate=23 November 2012|archivedate=1 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901004225/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/about/history/Patrick-Moore-background-information/}}</ref> === Mgbe Amchitka gasịrị === Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ dị na Stowe home, (na mgbe nke mbụ concert ego-ịzụlite) Greenpeace ọrụ kwagara n'ụlọ ndị ọzọ onwe ma na-enwe nzukọ ọha kwa izu na Wednesday abalị na Kitsilano Neighborhood House tupu edozi, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1974, na obere obere. ụlọ ọrụ na-ekerịta ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi SPEC na 2007 West 4th na Maple na Kitsilano. Mgbe ule nuklia na Amchitka gwụchara, Greenpeace mere ka ọ lekwasị anya na nyocha ngwa agha nuklia nke [[France]] na Moruroa Atoll na French Polynesia. Òtù na-eto eto chọrọ enyemaka maka ngagharị iwe ha, David McTaggart, onye bụbu ọchụnta ego bi na New Zealand kpọtụkwara ya. Na 1972 ụgbọ mmiri Vega, ketch 12.5-mita (41 ft) nke David McTaggart nwere, ka ahagharịrị Greenpeace III wee banye na ngagharị iwe nuklia banye mpaghara mwepu na Moruroa iji nwaa imebi nnwale nuklia French. Ọ bụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ New Zealand nke Mgbasa Ozi Maka Mwepu Ngwá Agha Nuklia kwadoro ma hazie njem a. Ndị agha mmiri France gbalịrị ịkwụsị ngagharị iwe ahụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, gụnyere ịwakpo David McTaggart. A sịrị na e tiri McTaggart ihe ruo n'ókè nke na ọ tụfuru ụzọ n'otu anya ya. Agbanyeghị, otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri McTaggart sere foto ihe merenụ wee gaa n'ihu ọha. Mgbe a kwusachara mwakpo ahụ, France kwupụtara na ọ ga-akwụsị ule nuklia ikuku. N'etiti 1970s ụfọdụ ndị otu Greenpeace malitere mgbasa ozi nọọrọ onwe ya, Project Ahab, megide whaling azụmahịa, ebe Irving Stowe megidere Greenpeace na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị ọzọ karịa ngwa agha nuklia. Mgbe Irving Stowe nwụsịrị na 1975, Phyllis Cormack ji ụgbọ mmiri si Vancouver gaa ihu ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri Soviet n'ụsọ oké osimiri California. Ndị na-akwado Greenpeace kpasuru azụ azụ site n'itinye onwe ha n'etiti ụbọ akwara na whale, na ihe nkiri nke ngagharị iwe ahụ gbasaara gburugburu ụwa. Mgbe e mesịrị na 1970s, nzukọ ahụ gbasaara nlebara anya ya na-agụnye nsị nsị na ịchụ nta akara azụmahịa. Greenpeace bipụtara "Greenpeace Declaration of Interdependence" na ''Greenpeace Chronicles'' (Winter 1976-77). Nkwupụta a bụ mkpirisi nke ọtụtụ ihe ngosi gburugburu ebe obibi Bob Hunter dere kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. === Ọganihu nke nzukọ === [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_ship_"Esperanza"_off_Gravesend.jpg|thumb|[[MV Esperanza|MV]] Esperanza, onye bụbu onye na-agbanyụ ọkụ nke ndị agha mmiri Russia, bụ nke Greenpeace maliteghachiri n'afọ 2002.]] Greenpeace sitere n'otu ìgwè ndị Canada na ndị America na-eme ngagharị iwe gaa n'otu ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị echebara echiche nke ndị na-emegide omenala na ndị ntorobịa hippie nke afọ 1960 na 1970.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rexweyler.com/greenpeace/|title=Greenpeace|publisher=Rex Weyler|date=1 March 1954|accessdate=6 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612061135/http://rexweyler.com/greenpeace/|archivedate=12 June 2011}}</ref> Ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọdịbendị nke Greenpeace sitere na ya mara ọkwa oge nke iwepụ ọnọdụ site na ihe ndị mere n'ụwa ochie ma chọọ ịmepụta ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze, gburugburu ebe obibi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="odysseu">Robert Hunter: Greenpeace to Amchitka, An Environmental Odyssey</ref> N'etiti afọ ndị 1970 ndị otu nwere onwe ha na-eji aha Greenpeace malitere ịpụta n'ụwa niile. Ka ọ na-erule 1977, e nwere ìgwè Greenpeace 15 ruo 20 gburugburu ụwa.<ref name="Weyler" /> N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace nke Canada ji nnukwu ụgwọ. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ọfịs maka ịnakọta ego na ntụziaka nhazi kewara òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọfịs North America na-ala azụ ịnọ n'okpuru ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ Canada.<ref name="Weyler">{{Cite web|author=Weyler, Rex|url=http://www.utne.com/web_special/web_specials_archives/articles/2246-4.html|title=Waves of Compassion. The founding of Greenpeace|pages=14–15|publisher=Utne.com|accessdate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014213711/http://www.utne.com/web_special/web_specials_archives/articles/2246-4.html|archivedate=14 October 2007}}</ref> Mgbe ihe omume nke Moruroa Atoll gasịrị, David McTaggart kwagara France ịga agha n'ụlọikpe na steeti France ma nyere aka ịzụlite nkwado nke European Greenpeace otu. David McTaggart nwere mmasị na Canadian Greenpeace Foundation ịnakwere usoro ọhụrụ na-eweta ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace gbasasịrị n'okpuru nkwado nke otu ọgbakọ zuru ụwa ọnụ. European Greenpeace kwụrụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ Canada Greenpeace na 14 October 1979, Greenpeace International malitere ịdị adị. N'okpuru usoro ọhụrụ ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara nyere otu pasent nke ego ha na-enweta na òtù mba ụwa, bụ ndị weghaara ọrụ maka ịhazi ntụziaka n'ozuzu nke mmegharị ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara ọ bụla nwere otu votu. Ụfọdụ otu Greenpeace, ya bụ [[London]] Greenpeace (gbasara na 2001) na Greenpeace Foundation nke dị na United States (ka na-arụ ọrụ) agbanyeghị na ha kpebiri ịnọrọ onwe ya na Greenpeace International. Tinyere ọtụtụ NGO ndị ọzọ, Greenpeace bụ isiokwu nke nyocha na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na nke na-enweghị isi site na US Federal Bureau of Investigation n'etiti afọ 2001 na 2005. Inspector General nke US Justice Department kpebiri na e nwere "obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ihe ndabere" maka nyocha ahụ nakwa na ọ mere ka FBI nye ozi na-ezighị ezi na nke na-eduhie eduhie na United States Congress.<ref name="Atlantic10">{{Cite news|author=Cohen|first=Andrew|title=OIG: FBI Inappropriately Tracked Domestic Advocacy Groups|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/09/oig-fbi-inappropriately-tracked-domestic-advocacy-groups/63276/|accessdate=22 September 2020|work=The Atlantic|date=20 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="ABCNews10">{{Cite news|author=Cloherty|first=Jack|title=FBI Spied on PETA, Greenpeace, Anti-War Activists|url=https://abcnews.go.com/News/Blotter/fbi-spied-peta-greenpeace-anti-war-activists/story?id=11682844|accessdate=22 September 2020|work=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref name="LATimes10">{{Cite news|author=Serrano|first=Richard A.|title=FBI improperly investigated activists, Justice Department review finds|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-sep-21-la-na-fbi-activists-20100921-story.html|accessdate=22 September 2020|work=Los Angeles Times|date=21 September 2010}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Greenpeace UK malitere akwụkwọ akụkọ nyocha akpọrọ Unearthed.<ref name="Guardian Unearthed launch">{{Cite news|author=Jackson|first=Jasper|title=Greenpeace hires team of investigative journalists|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/sep/09/greenpeace-hires-investigative-journalists-meiron-jones|accessdate=4 July 2021|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 September 2015|language=en}}</ref> == Ọdịdị nzukọ == === Ọchịchị === [[Usòrò:GPIgovernance&management.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọchịchị na usoro nchịkwa nke Greenpeace.]] Greenpeace nwere ''Greenpeace International'' (nke a na-akpọ Stichting Greenpeace Council) nke dị na Amsterdam, [[Netherlands]], na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara 25 na-arụ ọrụ na mba 55.<ref name="organization">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured|title=Greenpeace, organization|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=13 November 2008|accessdate=3 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117224158/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/|archivedate=17 January 2011}}</ref> Ọfịs mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'okpuru nlekọta nke Greenpeace International. Ndị otu Greenpeace International na-ahọpụta onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace. Onye nduzi oge nke Greenpeace International bụ Mads Flarup Christensen na ndị isi oche oge nke Board bụ Marcelo Iniarra na David Tong.<ref name="executive director">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/International-Executive-Director/|title=Greenpeace International, Executive Director|date=15 January 2016|publisher=Greenpeace.org|accessdate=20 May 2016|archivedate=31 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531012955/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/International-Executive-Director/}}</ref><ref name="Board">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure/board|title=Greenpeace International, Board of Directors|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=21 April 2011|accessdate=9 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426110930/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure/board|archivedate=26 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/explore/about/governance/|title=Governance}}</ref> Greenpeace nwere ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 2,400 na 15,000 n'ụwa niile. Ọfịs mpaghara ọ bụla na-eduzi site na onye isi nchịkwa mpaghara nke ndị nduzi mpaghara họpụtara. Ndị isi mpaghara na-ahọpụta onye nlekọta na Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Greenpeace International, ebe ndị nlekọta na-ahọrọ ma ọ bụ wepụ ndị nduzi nke Greenpeace Internacional. Ọrụ nzukọ ezumezu a na-eme kwa afọ bụkwa ikwurịta ma kpebie ụkpụrụ zuru oke na okwu ndị dị mkpa maka Greenpeace na mmekorita ya na ndị nlekọta nke ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na ndị nduzi Greenpeace International.<ref name="governance">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure|title=Governance Structure|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=11 April 2011|accessdate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206184126/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure/|archivedate=6 December 2010}}</ref> [[Usòrò:DDC-GP.JPG|thumb|Onye na-anakọta ego n'okporo ámá Greenpeace na-agwa onye na-agafe agafe]] Greenpeace na-enweta ego ya site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ntọala.<ref name="GPI-FAQ">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/faq/questions-about-greenpeace-in|title=Greenpeace International FAQ: Questions about Greenpeace in general|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=8 January 2009|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411091859/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/faq/questions-about-greenpeace-in|archivedate=11 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="HBS">{{Cite web|first=Sarah Jane|author=Gilbert|url=http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html|title=Harvard Business School, HBS Cases: The Value of Environmental Activists|publisher=Hbswk.hbs.edu|date=8 September 2008|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=10 October 2009|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091010181022/http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html}}</ref> Ọ na-enyocha onyinye niile dị mkpa iji hụ na ọ naghị enweta onyinye ndị a na-achọghị.<ref name="funding">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/belgium/nl/press/reports/fundraisingpolicies.pdf|title=Greenpeace Fundraising policies|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=21 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521060113/http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/belgium/nl/press/reports/fundraisingpolicies.pdf}}</ref> Ewezuga Netherlands' National Postcode Lottery, nnukwu lọtrị gọọmentị na-akwado na mba ahụ, nzukọ ahụ anaghị anabata ego sitere na gọọmentị, òtù gọọmentị etiti, òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ iji zere mmetụta ha.<ref name="GPI-FAQ" /><ref name="HBS" /><ref name="funding" /> Ajụjụ onyinye sitere na ntọala ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwado ma ọ bụ na-enweta ọtụtụ ego ha sitere na gọọmentị ma ọ bụ otu gọọmentị etiti. A na-ajụkwa onyinye ntọala ma ọ bụrụ na ntọala ahụ jikọtara ọnọdụ enweghị ezi uche, mgbochi ma ọ bụ mgbochi na ọrụ Greenpeace ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na onyinye ahụ ga-emebi nnwere onwe na ebumnuche nke nzukọ a. Ebe ọ bụ na n'etiti 1990s ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-akwado malitere ibelata, Greenpeace sụrụ ụzọ n'iji ego ego ihu na ihu ebe ndị na-akwado ego na-achọsi ike na-achọ ndị na-akwado ọhụrụ n'ebe ọha na eze, na-edebanye aha ha maka onyinye nkwụnye ụgwọ kwa ọnwa. Na 2008, ihe ka ukwuu n'ime €202.5 nde nke nzukọ ahụ natara bụ ihe dị ka nde 2.6 ndị na-akwado oge niile, tumadi si Europe. N'afọ 2014, ego a na-enweta kwa afọ nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ihe dị ka nde euro 300 (US $ 400) n'agbanyeghị na ha tụfuru ihe dị ka nde €4 (US $ 5) na ntule ego n'afọ ahụ. Na Septemba 2003, Watch Interest Watch (PIW) mere mkpesa na Internal Revenue Service na nkwụghachi ụtụ Greenpeace US ezighi ezi yana megidere iwu. IRS mere nyocha buru ibu wee kwubie na Disemba 2005 na Greenpeace USA gara n'ihu na-eru eru maka ọkwa enweghị ụtụ isi ya. Na Maachị 2006 Akwụkwọ akụkọ Wall Street Journal kọrọ na "ịgba akwụkwọ ụtụ isi gọọmentị etiti nke PIW, nke na-ekpuchi August 2003 ruo July 2004, kwuru na $120,000 n'ime $124,095 otu ahụ natara n'onyinye n'oge ahụ sitere na Exxon Mobil". N'afọ 2013, mgbe IRS mechara nyocha nleba anya, nke dị ọcha ọzọ, yana, na-agbaso nkwupụta nke nyocha IRS nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke otu ndị jikọrọ aka na Tea Party, GreenPeace US Executive Director Phil Radford kpọrọ oku maka nyocha nke Congressional na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị niile. nyocha mkpali - gụnyere ndị eboro ebubo na ha na-ezubere iche maka Tea Party Movement, NAACP, na Greenpeace. === Mgbanwe dijitalụ === Onye isi nchịkwa mba ụwa bụ Kumi Naidoo kwupụtara na 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Conference bụ "nnukwu ọdịda" ma gosipụta na nzukọ ahụ chere oge "ọkụ ọkụ" ihu. Naidoo gbara ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace ume ka ha nabata atụmatụ na usoro ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ tinye onwe ha n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref name="Joslyn">{{Cite web|author=Joslyn|first=Heather|date=14 June 2018|title=A Group Born at Greenpeace Spreads Ideas About Grass-Roots Advocacy|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/a-group-born-at-greenpeace-spreads-ideas-about-grass-roots-advocacy/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref> Iji mezuo atụmatụ ọhụrụ a kwadoro na 2010, Greenpeace goro Michael Silberman iwu "Digital Mobilisation Centre of Excellence" na 2011, nke ghọrọ Mobilisation Lab ("MobLab").<ref name="Joslyn">{{Cite web|author=Joslyn|first=Heather|date=14 June 2018|title=A Group Born at Greenpeace Spreads Ideas About Grass-Roots Advocacy|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/a-group-born-at-greenpeace-spreads-ideas-about-grass-roots-advocacy/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mobilisation Lab|date=2022|title=Key Resources from Mobilisation Lab|url=https://commonslibrary.org/key-resources-from-mobilisation-lab/|accessdate=20 June 2022|work=Commons Social Change Library}}</ref> Ezubere dị ka isi iyi nke omume kachasị mma, nnwale, na mmepe atụmatụ, MobLab lekwasịrị anya n'ịbawanye ikike dijitalụ na ịkwalite mkpọsa obodo na mba 42.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Roots|url=https://mobilisationlab.org/about/our-roots/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=MobLab|language=en-US|archivedate=1 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201202958/https://mobilisationlab.org/about/our-roots/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Radford|first=Philip|date=20 July 2011|title=Greenpeace to Launch Global Digital Innovation Lab; Hires Michael Silberman, Online Pioneer, To Lead Initiative|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/greenpeace-to-launch-glob_b_904378|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2017, MobLab si na Greenpeace pụta site na itinye ego nke Greenpeace na CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing a MobLab for your movement|url=https://mobilisationlab.org/stories/announcing-a-moblab-for-your-movement/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=MobLab|date=March 2017|language=en-US|archivedate=3 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203071615/https://mobilisationlab.org/stories/announcing-a-moblab-for-your-movement/}}</ref> == Nchịkọta nke ihe ndị a na-ebute ụzọ na mkpọsa == Na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya nke mba ụwa, Greenpeace na-akọwa ọrụ ya dị ka ndị a:<blockquote>Greenpeace bụ òtù na-eme mkpọsa n'onwe ya, nke na-eji esemokwu na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike, nke na'ichepụta ihe iji kpughee nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma mepụta ihe ngwọta maka ọdịnihu na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke udo. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ anyị bụ iji hụ na ụwa nwere ike ịzụlite ndụ n'ụdị ya niile. Nke ahụ pụtara na anyị chọrọ: * Kwụsị ka mbara ala ghara ikpo ọkụ karịa 1.5° iji gbochie mmetụta kachasị njọ nke mmebi ihu igwe. * Chekwaa [[Biodiversity|ụdị]] dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ụdị ya niile. * Mbelata oke oriri ma mụta ibi ndụ n'ime ihe anyị nwere. * Kwalite ike na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka ihe ngwọta nke nwere ike inye ụwa ike. * Nkwado udo, iwepụ ngwá agha zuru ụwa ọnụ na enweghị ime ihe ike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/explore/about/values/|title=Our Values|accessdate=22 December 2019|archivedate=7 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207191654/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/explore/about/values/}}</ref> </blockquote> == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ike == [[Usòrò:Tove_Ryding_(Greenpeace)_(4565188365).jpg|thumb|Tove Maria Ryding, na ọrụ ya n'oge ahụ dị ka onye nhazi iwu ihu igwe nke Greenpeace, na nnọkọ site na Bonn ruo Cancun, 2010]] [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg|thumb|Greenpeace ihu igwe March 2015 na Madrid]] Greenpeace bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ chepụtara ọnọdụ mmepe na-adigide maka mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke o mere na 1993. Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze bụ Marc Mormont na Christine Dasnoy si kwuo, nzukọ a rụrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ịzụlite mmata ọha na eze banyere okpomọkụ ụwa na 1990s. Greenpeace lekwasịrị anya na CFC, n'ihi ma ikike ha nwere ike ikpo ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ yana mmetụta ha na oyi akwa ozone. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga ndị sonyere n'ịkwado iwepụta mmalite nke ihe na-emebi ozone na Protocol Montreal. Na mbido 1990s, Greenpeace mepụtara teknụzụ friji na-enweghị CFC, "Greenfreeze" maka mmepụta oke yana ụlọ ọrụ friji. United Nations Environment Programme nyere Greenpeace maka "atụnye ụtụ pụtara ìhè na nchekwa nke ozone oyi akwa ụwa" na 1997. N'afọ 2011, ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ ise nke mmepụta friji sitere na teknụzụ Greenfreeze, nke nwere ihe karịrị nde 600 na-eji. Ugbu a, Greenpeace na-ewere okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị na-eche ụwa ihu. Ọ na-akpọ oku ikuku griin haus zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ na-arị elu na 2015 na ibelata nso zero dị ka o kwere mee site na 2050. Iji ruo ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a, Greenpeace kpọrọ mba ndị mepere emepe ka ha belata ihe ọkụkụ ha dịkarịa ala 40% site na 2020 (site na ọkwa 1990). na inye nnukwu ego maka mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe iji wulite ikike ike na-adịgide adịgide, ime mgbanwe na nsonaazụ a na-apụghị izere ezere nke okpomọkụ ụwa, na ịkwụsị igbutu osisi site na 2020. Tinyere EREC, Greenpeace ewepụtala ọnọdụ ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, "Energy [R] evolution. ", ebe a na-emepụta 80% nke ike zuru ụwa ọnụ site na mmeghari ohuru, na mpụta nke ngalaba ike na-ebelata ihe karịrị 80% nke ọkwa 1990 site na 2050. N'iji ihe eme ihe ozugbo, ndị otu Greenpeace emeela ngagharị iwe ọtụtụ oge megide coal site n'inwe ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na igbochi mbupu coal na ọrụ Ngwuputa, n'ebe ndị dị ka New Zealand, Svalbard, Australia na United Kingdom. Greenpeace na-akatọkwa iwepụta mmanụ ala n'ájá mmanụ ma jiri ihe na-eme kpọmkwem gbochie ọrụ na ájá mmanụ Athabasca na Canada. === Ike mbara ala na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ === N'afọ 1999 Greenpeace Germany (NGO) tọrọ ntọala Greenpeace Energy, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-enye ndị ahịa ya gas fossil gas malite na 2011. Mgbe mkpesa mgbasa ozi 2021 gbasara otu ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara Greenpeace na-ere mmanụ ọkụ nke akọwara dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbanwere ya. Aha ya bụ Green Planet Energy. Greenpeace Germany NGO na-ejigide otu òkè na mmekorita, nke a katọrọ maka "ịcha ahịhịa" gas Russia.   === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe Kingsnorth === N'October 2007, e jidere ndị ngagharị iwe Greenpeace isii maka ịwaba n'ọdụ ọkụ Kingnorth na Kent, England; na-arịgo 200-mita (600') anwụrụ anwụrụ ọkụ, na-ese aha Gordon na chimni (na-ekwu maka onye bụbu Prime Minister UK, Gordon Brown), ma na-akpata mmebi ihe ruru £ 30,000. N'ikpe ha na-esote, ha kwetara na ha gbalịrị imechi ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ, ma na-arụrịta ụka na a kwadoro ha n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi na ha na-agbalị igbochi mgbanwe ihu igwe site na imebi ihe onwunwe n'ebe ndị ọzọ gburugburu ụwa. A nụrụ ihe akaebe sitere n'aka onye ndụmọdụ David Cameron na gburugburu ebe obibi Zac Goldsmith, ọkà mmụta sayensị ihu igwe James E. Hansen na onye isi Inuit si Greenland, na-ekwu na mgbanwe ihu igwe adịlarị na-emetụta ndụ gburugburu ụwa. A tọhapụrụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị isii ahụ. Ọ bụ ikpe mbụ ebe a na-eji igbochi mmebi ihe onwunwe nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara dịka akụkụ nke nchekwa "ngọpụ ziri ezi" n'ụlọ ikpe. Ma Daily Telegraph na The Guardian kọwara ntọhapụ ahụ dị ka ihe ihere nye ndị ọrụ Brown. Na Disemba 2008, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times depụtara ntọhapụ ahụ na ndepụta kwa afọ nke echiche kacha emetụta nke ye. === "Gaa Karịa Mmanụ" === Dị ka akụkụ nke nguzo ha na azụmahịa ike mmeghari ohuru, Greenpeace ewepụtala mkpọsa "Go Beyond Mmanụ". Mgbasa ozi a lekwasịrị anya n'ibelata, ma mechaa kwụsị, oriri mmanụ n'ụwa; na mmemme ndị na-eme ihe ike na-eme megide ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-achụ ntanye mmanụ dị ka ọrụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ mgbasa ozi "Go Beyond Oil" agbadoro anya n'ịgba mmanụ na Arctic na mpaghara ọdachi Deepwater Horizon metụtara. Ihe omume Greenpeace na Arctic etinyela aka na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mmanụ na gas nke Edinburgh, Cairn Energy; na sitere na ngagharị iwe n'isi ụlọ ọrụ Cairn Energy ruo n'ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ha na mbọ iji kwụsị usoro ịgbapu mmiri. Mgbasa ozi "Go Beyond Oil" na-agụnyekwa itinye nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gọọmentị ndị na-enye ohere nyocha mmanụ na mpaghara ha; na otu ahụ na-ekwu na otu n'ime ebumnuche dị mkpa nke mkpọsa "Go Beyond oil" bụ "ịrụ ọrụ iji kpughee ogologo ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị njikere ịga kpochapụ barrels ikpeazụ n'ala ma tinye nrụgide na ụlọ ọrụ na gọọmentịa ka ha gafee mmanụ".<ref name="GoBeyondOil">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oil|title=Go beyond oil|publisher=Greenpeace.org.uk|accessdate=6 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103152843/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oil|archivedate=3 November 2013}}</ref> === Ike nuklia ===   {| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.5em;" ! class="sidebar-title" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[Anti-nuclear movement]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg|center|100x100px]] |- ! class="sidebar-heading" | By country |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="hlist"> * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Australia|Australia]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Austria|Austria]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Canada|Canada]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in France|France]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany|Germany]] * [[Nuclear power in India#Anti-nuclear protests|India]] * [[Nuclear energy in Ireland|Ireland]] * [[Anti-nuclear power movement in Japan|Japan]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] * [[New Zealand nuclear-free zone|New Zealand]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines|Philippines]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Poland|Poland]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Russia|Russia]] * [[Koeberg Alert|South Africa]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in South Korea|South Korea]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Spain|Spain]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Sweden|Sweden]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Switzerland|Switzerland]] * [[Nuclear power in Taiwan#Anti-nuclear movement|Taiwan]] * [[Human chain against nuclear plant in Turkey|Turkey]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in the United States|United States]] </div> |- ! class="sidebar-heading" | Lists |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="plainlist"> * [[List of anti-nuclear advocates in the United States|Anti-nuclear advocates]] * [[Anti-nuclear organizations|Anti-nuclear groups]] * [[Anti-nuclear protests|Protests by country]] </div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} Greenpeace na-emegide ike nuklia n'ihi na ọ na-ele ya anya dị ka "ihe ize ndụ, mmetọ, dị oke ọnụ na nke a na-apụghị imezigharị". Nzukọ ahụ gosipụtara ọdachi nuklia nke Chernobyl nke 1986 na ọdachi nuklea nke Fukushima nke 2011 dị ka ihe akaebe nke ihe ize ndụ nke ike nuklia nwere ike ịkpata ndụ ndị mmadụ, gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba. Greenpeace na-ele uru nke ike nuklia anya dị obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu nsogbu na ihe ize ndụ ya, dị ka mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe izefices sitere na igwupụta uranium, mgbasa nke ngwá agha nuklia, na ajụjụ ndị a na-edozighị gbasara ihe mkpofu nuklia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/nuclear/problems|title=Nuclear Problems|publisher=Greenpeace.org.uk|accessdate=23 November 2012|archivedate=20 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620200301/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/nuclear/problems}}</ref> Òtù a na-arụ ụka na ikike nke ike nuklia iji belata okpomọkụ ụwa dị ntakịrị, na-ezo aka na ọnọdụ ike nke IEA ebe mmụba nke ikike nuklia ụwa site na 2608 TWh na 2007 ruo 9857 TWh site na 2050 ga-ebelata ikuku ikuku griin ha na-erughị 5% na chọrọ nkeji iri atọ na abụọ nke ikike 1000 MW wuru kwa afọ ruo 2050. Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo, oge ihe owuwu na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, igbu oge ihe owuwu, yana ọnụ ahịa zoro ezo na-emebi ikike mbelata ike nuklia. Nke a na-eme ka ọnọdụ IEA n'ụzọ teknụzụ na ego enweghị ezi uche. Ha na-arụkwa ụka na ijikọta nnukwu itinye ego na ike nuklia ga-ewepụ ego na ngwọta dị irè karị. Greenpeace na-ele owuwu nke ụlọ ọrụ nuklia Olkiluoto 3 na Finland dị ka ihe atụ nke nsogbu dị n'ịrụ ike nuklia ọhụrụ. N'afọ 2022, Greenpeace yiri egwu ịgba European Union akwụkwọ mgbe ọ tụụrụ aro ka a kọwaa ike nuklia dị ka teknụzụ "akwụkwọ ndụ" nke na-enyere mba aka belata ikuku CO2.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Abnett|first=Kate|date=2023-02-09|title=Greenpeace to sue EU over 'green' label for gas and nuclear|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/greenpeace-sue-eu-over-green-label-gas-nuclear-2023-02-09/}}</ref> Greenpeace mere emume nkwụsị nke ike nuklia na Germany na 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Greenpeace celebrates end of Germany's nuclear era with T.Rex dinosaur|url=https://www.euronews.com/video/2023/04/15/greenpeace-celebrates-end-of-germanys-nuclear-era-with-trex-dinosaur|work=euronews|format=Video|date=15 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, Germany na-enwe nsogbu ike ma na-adabere na coal na gas maka mmepụta ike.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-16|title=Climate activists in Germany rejoice at wind-down of nuclear plants|url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/04/16/climate-activists-in-germany-rejoice-at-wind-down-of-the-last-nuclear-plants|work=euronews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kappeler|first=Laura Paddison Nadine Schmidt Inke|date=2023-04-15|title='A new era': Germany quits nuclear power, closing its final three plants|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/15/europe/germany-nuclear-phase-out-climate-intl/index.html|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> ==== Mgbasa ozi na-emegide nuklia ==== Na 1994, Greenpeace bipụtara mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbochi nuklia nke gụnyere nkwupụta na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia dị na Sellafield ga-egbu mmadụ 2,000 n'ime afọ 10 sochirinụ, na ihe onyonyo nke nwatakịrị metụtara hydrocephalus kwuru na ọ bụ onye nyocha nke ngwa agha nuklia na Kazakhstan. . Ndị na-ahụ maka ụkpụrụ mgbasa ozi lere nkwupụta gbasara Sellafield anya dị ka nke enweghị isi, enweghị ntọala sayensị ọ bụla. Nke a butere machibido mgbasa ozi ahụ. Greenpeace anabataghị mmejọ, na-ekwu na otu dọkịta Kazakhstan kwuru na ọnọdụ nwatakịrị ahụ bụ n'ihi ule nuklia n'agbanyeghị na a naghị anwale ngwa agha nuklia na Sellafield. ==== EDF na-enyocha ikpe na mkpesa ==== N'afọ 2011, ụlọ ikpe France tara Électricité de France (EDF) € 1.5m ma tụọ ndị ọrụ abụọ dị elu maka nledo na Greenpeace, gụnyere ịbanye na sistemụ kọmputa Greenpeace. Enyere Greenpeace € 500,000 na mmebi. Ọ bụ ezie na EDF kwuru na a na-arụ ọrụ nchekwa naanị iji nyochaa Greenpeace, ụlọ ikpe ahụ ekwetaghị, tụọ onye isi na osote onye isi ọrụ nchekwa nuklia EDF maka afọ atọ ọ bụla. EDF rịọrọ ikpe ahụ, a kpochapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nkata nledo na Greenpeace ma kagbuo ntaramahụhụ ahụ. Ndị ọrụ abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa, Kargus, nke onye bụbu onye ọrụ nzuzo France na-agba, nwetara ikpe nke afọ atọ na afọ abụọ n'otu n'otu. === Ozone layer na Greenfreeze === [[Usòrò:Greenfreeze.jpg|thumb|Peter Melchett, aka nri, (mgbe ahụ ED nke Greenpeace UK) na Malcolm Walker, (Chairman Iceland Frozen Foods) na Greenfreeze friji, 1998]] Okpokoro ozone gbara ụwa gburugburu na-amịkọrọ nnukwu radieshon ultraviolet. Akụkọ 1976 sitere n'aka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị nke United States kwadoro echiche ozone "nkwụsị ike". A kọrọ na ọ nwere nnukwu mfu sitere na chlorinated na nitrogenous ogige n'afọ 1985. Nnyocha ndị mbụ emewo ka ụfọdụ mba tinye iwu mmachibido iwu nke ikuku ikuku, nke mere na e debanyere Mgbakọ Vienna na 1985 na 1985 Montreal Protocol bịanyere aka na 1987 iji malite ike mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị. . Iji CFC na HCFC na refrigeration so na teknụzụ amachibidoro. Otu ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ German mepụtara ihe refrigerant ọzọ nke ozone-safe hydrocarbon nke batara n'uche onye mgbasa ozi Greenpeace gburugburu 1992. Enyere ikike nke teknụzụ ahụ na Greenpeace, bụ nke debere ya dị ka patent mepere emepe. E mechara jiri teknụzụ ahụ na Germany, emesia China, ebe ọzọ na Europe, yana afọ ole na ole na Japan na South America, na n'ikpeazụ na US site na 2012. == Mgbalị ime ọhịa == [[Usòrò:Marșul_pentru_Păduri.jpg|thumb|Oké ọhịa March, 2019]] [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg|thumb|Ihe omume Greenpeace na Switzerland iji mee ka a mara iji chebe ọhịa, 2023]] Greenpeace bu n'obi ichekwa oke ọhịa ndị na-adịghị emebi emebi site na igbutu na nbibi site na ebumnuche nke igbutu osisi efu site na 2020. Nzukọ a boro ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Unilever, Nike, KFC, Kit Kat na McDonald's ebubo na ha nwere njikọ na igbutu ọhịa nke ebe okpomọkụ. na-akpata mgbanwe iwu n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Greenpeace, ya na ndị NGO ndị ọzọ gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, gbakwara ọkwa maka afọ iri ka EU machibido ibubata osisi iwu na-akwadoghị. EU kpebiri machibido osisi iwu na-akwadoghị na Julaị 2010. Dị ka igbutu osisi na-enye aka na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, Greenpeace arịọla ka REDD (Mbelata Emission sitere na mbibi na mbibi nke ọhịa) kwesịrị ịgụnye na nkwekọrịta ihu igwe na-esote Protocol Kyoto. Otu Greenpeace ọzọ gbasara oke ohia mmiri ozuzo na-akụda ụlọ ọrụ nkwụ. The ije bụ ihe kasị arụ ọrụ na Indonesia ebe ugbua 6 nde hectare (23,000 sq. mi.) na-eji maka nkwụ mmanụ ubi na nwere atụmatụ ọzọ 4 nde hectare (15,000 sq. mi.) site 2015. Nkwenye na uka mmepụta nke ọzọ. mmanụ nkwụ nwere ike ịkpata oke ohia dị iche iche, Greenpeace na-agbasi mbọ ike megide mmepụta ahụ, na-agba ndị ụlọ ọrụ na gọọmentị ume ka ha tụgharịa n'ụdị akụrụngwa ike ndị ọzọ. Otu n'ime nsonaazụ dị mma nke mkpọsa ahụ bụ GAR (Golden Agri-Resources), ụlọ ọrụ nke abụọ na-emepụta mmanụ nkwụ n'ụwa, na-ekpebi itinye onwe ya n'ichekwa oke ọhịa. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta nke na-egbochi ha ịmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na mpaghara ebe a na-ekpochi nnukwu carbon. N'akụkụ nkwado, ihe atụ nke ịga nke ọma Greenpeace na mpaghara ahụ bụ vidiyo viral sitere na 2016 na-eme mkpesa maka ojiji Nestlé na-eji nkwụ n'ụlọ mmanya Kit Kat. Vidio ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde 1, wee rụpụta nkwupụta ọha site na Nestlé na-ekwu na ha anaghịzi eji omume dị otú ahụ na ngwaahịa ha. N'afọ 2018, Greenpeace weputara obere ihe nkiri nke nwere orangutan akụkọ ifo aha ya bụ Rang-tan tupu ụbọchị Orangutan nke ụwa. Na Nọvemba 2018, Clearcast nke UK gọnarịrị ụdị vidiyo Rang-tan dịka Iceland Foods Ltd nyefere ya. === Iwepụ osisi oge ochie === Na June 1995, Greenpeace weere ogwe osisi sitere n'oké ọhịa nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba a tụrụ aro nke Koitajoki na Ilomantsi, Finland ma tinye ya na ngosi na ihe ngosi emere na Austria na Germany. Greenpeace kwuru na nnọkọ mgbasa ozi na osisi ahụ sitere na mpaghara osisi n'ime ọhịa oge ochie nke kwesịrị ichebe ya. Metsähallitus boro Greenpeace ebubo izu ohi wee kwuo na osisi ahụ sitere n'oké ọhịa nkịtị wee hapụ ya ka ọ kwụ ọtọ n'ihi agadi ya. Metsähallitus kwukwara na osisi ahụ dara n'ụzọ n'oge oké ifufe. Ihe omume ahụ nwetara mgbasa ozi na Finland, dịka ọmụmaatụ na nnukwu akwụkwọ akụkọ Helsingin Sanomat na Ilta-Sanomat. Greenpeace zaghachiri na osisi ahụ adaala n'ihi na ekpochapụrụ oke ọhịa na-echebe gburugburu ya, nakwa na ha chọrọ ime ka ọnọdụ ọhịa ochie pụta ìhè n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị akara nke otu osisi. Greenpeace mekwara ka Metsähallitus kweta uru ọhịa ahụ emesịa ka Metsähallitus na-ezo aka ugbu a na Koitajoki dị ka mpaghara pụrụ iche n'ihi oke ọhịa ochie ya. === Nsogbu mmanụ nkwụ nke Wilmar International === Nnyocha 2018 nke Greenpeace International mere chọpụtara na Wilmar International (onye na-ere mmanụ nkwụ kacha ukwuu n'ụwa) ka nwere njikọ na mbibi oke ọhịa na mpaghara Indonesia nke Papua. Ụlọ ọrụ jikọrọ ọnụ, Gama, nke ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ Wilmar na-elekọta, akpatala igbutu osisi okpukpu abụọ karịa Paris. Greenpeace kpọkwara Wilmar maka imebi nkwa ha 2013 iji kwụsị igbutu osisi, bụ nke ha kwere nkwa iwebata organic na ụzọ dịgidere iji nakọta mmanụ nkwụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Greenpeace weputara mmanụ nkwụ Gama mebere na ụdị ụwa niile gụnyere P&G, Nestlé na Unilever. === Nsogbu Ngwongwo Ọhịa === Ụlọ ọrụ na-egbutu osisi Resolute Forest Products gbara Greenpeace akwụkwọ ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe afọ 2013. N'afọ 2020, ụlọ ikpe dị na California nyere Resolute iwu ka ọ kwụọ US $ 816,000 na nzukọ ahụ iji kpuchie mmefu nke usoro iwu mgbe a jụrụ nkwupụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'otu ikpe 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Stackl|first=Valentina|title=Judge Orders Resolute Forest Products to Pay Almost 1 Million Dollars to Greenpeace|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/resolute-to-pay-almost-1-million-dollars-to-greenpeace/|work=Greenpeace USA|accessdate=6 May 2020|archivedate=28 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428225354/https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/resolute-to-pay-almost-1-million-dollars-to-greenpeace/}}</ref> Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emerụ oké ọhịa Boreal nke Canada. Greenpeace na-azọrọ na Boreal Forests nwere ọbụna karịa Tropical Forests ma ya mere dị ezigbo mkpa iji chebe ihu igwe ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Moas|first=Amy|title=Clearcutting Free Speech|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/boreal/clearcutting-free-speech/|work=Greenpeace USA|accessdate=6 May 2020|archivedate=28 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228171054/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/boreal/clearcutting-free-speech/}}</ref> == Tokyo nke Abụọ ==   N'afọ 2008, ndị na-akwado Greenpeace abụọ na-emegide ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, Junichi Sato na Toru Suzuki, zuru ikpe anụ whale n'ebe a na-ebuga ibu na Aomori prefecture, Japan. Ihe ha bu n’obi bụ ikpughe ihe ha chere na a na-ezumike anụ a na-achịkọta n’oge a na-achụ nta whale. Mgbe nyocha nkenke nke ebubo ha kwụsịrị, Sato na Suzuki boro ebubo izu ohi na ịpụ. Amnesty International kwuru na njide na ndị na-esochi mwakpo a wakporo ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace Japan na ụlọ nke ise ndị ọrụ Greenpeace bụ iji mee ka ụjọ jide ndị na-eme ihe ike na ndị otu na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị. A mara ha ikpe maka izu ohi na imebi iwu na Septemba 2010 site n'ụlọ ikpe Aomori. == Genetically modified organisms (GMO) == [[Usòrò:Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg|thumb|Ndị otu European Union na Brussels gosipụtara mkpesa nke 1 nde bịanyere aka megide GMO, 2010]] Greenpeace akwadowokwa ịjụ nri GM sitere na US na Zambia na-agụnụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ihe oriri nke ọka na-abụghị nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị, na-ekwu na US "kwesịrị ịgbaso nzọụkwụ nke European Union ma kwe ka ndị na-enweta enyemaka họrọ enyemaka nri ha, zụta ya n'ógbè ma ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ. Omume a nwere ike ịkpali akụ na ụba na-emepe emepe ma mepụta nchekwa nri siri ike karị", na-agbakwụnye na, "ọ bụrụ na ndị Afrịka enweghị ihe ọzọ ọzọ, a ga-egwe ọka GE na-ese okwu ka a ghara ịkụ ya. Ọ bụ ọnọdụ a nyere ndị agbata obi Zambia Zimbabwe na Malawi ohere ịnabata ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/eat-this-or-die/|title=Eat this or die, The poison politics of food aid|publisher=Greenpeace|date=30 September 2002|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=22 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522155602/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/eat-this-or-die/}}</ref> Mgbe Zambia machibidochara enyemaka nri GM niile, onye bụbu minista ọrụ ugbo nke Zambia katọrọ, "otu mba dị iche iche nke mba ụwa kwuru na-akwado ihe gọọmentị mere ga-eji akọ na uche ha dị iche iche gbakọọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ." Banyere mkpebi nke Zambia, Greenpeace kwuru na, "o doro anya na anyị na ọ bụrụ na a na-enyeghị enyemaka na-abụghị GM mgbe ahụ ha kwesịrị ịnakwere ihe oriri GM kpamkpam. Ma gọọmenti Zambia kpebiri ịjụ nri GM. Anyị na-enye anyị. echiche nke gọọmentị Zambia na, dị ka ọtụtụ gọọmentị na-eme, ha leghaara ndụmọdụ anyị anya." N'afọ 2007, Greenpeace kwadoro nyocha nke Gilles-Éric Séralini n'ime ọka MON 863 nke na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke kwubiri na ọ kpatara nsogbu ahụike na òké ndị e ji mee ihe na nyocha ahụ. Nnyocha European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) na French Commission du Génie Biomoléculaire (AFBV) gosipụtara nnukwu njehie usoro na mbipụta ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 December 2010|title=New and expiring approvals for GM plants in Europe|url=http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/news/messages/200703.docu.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230200044/http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/news/messages/200703.docu.html|archivedate=30 December 2010|accessdate=17 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Les Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés, Annexe B. Avis de la commission du génie biomoléculaire sur l'étude statistique du CRIIGEN du maïs MON863|url=http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/system/files/d1b51c34d01.pdf|accessdate=17 April 2021|archivedate=13 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713131209/http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/system/files/d1b51c34d01.pdf}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ Séralini mere na GMO mere ka a katọọ aghụghọ sayensị na ntụgharị nke akwụkwọ ya.   Ọzọkwa na 2007 Greenpeace kpughere nsonaazụ Árpád Pusztai nke a tụgharịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 September 2011|title=Suppressed report shows cancer link to GM potatoes|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/suppressed-report-shows-cancer-link-to-gm-potatoes-436673.html|accessdate=17 April 2021|work=The Independent|language=en|archivedate=17 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417204832/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/suppressed-report-shows-cancer-link-to-gm-potatoes-436673.html}}</ref>   === Greenpeace na osikapa ọla edo === Greenpeace na-emegide atụmatụ iji osikapa ọla edo, ụdị osikapa Oryza sativa dị iche iche emepụtara site na injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ka biosynthesize beta-carotene, ihe na-ebute pro-vitamin A n'akụkụ osikapa a na-eri. A na-ahụ mgbakwunye beta-carotene na osikapa dị ka ihe na-egbochi ịhụ ụzọ na mba ndị dara ogbenye dara ogbenye ebe e bu n'obi kesaa osikapa ọla edo. Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo, osikapa ọla edo enwebeghị ihe ọ bụla gbasara erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ ruo afọ 10 n'ime oge nke ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-alụ ọgụ erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ. Nhọrọ ọzọ nke Greenpeace tụrụ aro bụ ịkụda monocropping na ịbawanye mmepụta nke ihe ọkụkụ nke nwere nri na-edozi ahụ (nwere nri ndị ọzọ anaghị ahụ na osikapa ọla edo na mgbakwunye na beta-carotene). Greenpeace na-arụ ụka na a ga-eji ihe onwunwe eme ihe na mmemme ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a ma na-enyere aka ịkwụsị erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ. Mgbanwe nke nchegbu ndị a dakọtara na mbipụta nke akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature banyere ụdị osikapa ọla edo nwere ọkwa dị elu nke beta carotene.<ref>Paine JA, Shipton CA, Chaggar S, Howells RM, Kennedy MJ, Vernon G, Wright SY, Hinchliffe E, Adams JL, Silverstone AL, Drake R (2005) A new version of Golden Rice with increased pro-vitamin A content. </ref> Syngenta mepụtara ma nye ya ikike, nke kpaliri Greenpeace ka ọ gbanwee ebubo ya na ebumnuche uru na-akpali ọrụ ahụ ma na-eje ozi dị ka mgbasa ozi iji bulie echiche ọha na eze banyere ngwaahịa GMO.<ref>Greenpeace. </ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Greenpeace kwuru na ezigbo arụmọrụ mmemme osikapa ọla edo n'ịgwọ ndị na-adịghị eri nri bụ isi ihe na-echegbu ya na mbido 2001, nkwupụta sitere na March na Eprel 2005 gara n'ihu na-ekwupụta nchegbu maka ahụike mmadụ na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Karịsịa, Greenpeace ekwupụtala nchegbu maka enweghị nyocha nchekwa a na-eme na ihe ọkụkụ GMO dị ka osikapa ọla edo na nke "na-egwu ndụ ndị mmadụ ... na-eji Golden Rice na-akwalite GMOs". NNa June 2016, otu ọgbakọ 107 Nobel Laureates bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na-agba Greenpeace ume ka ọ kwụsị mgbasa ozi ya megide mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na Golden Rice. N'ime akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, ha kpọkukwara gọọmentị mba ụwa ka ha mee ihe niile ha nwere ike ime megide omume Greenpeace ma mee ka ndị ọrụ ugbo nweta ngwa ngwa niile nke usoro ihe ọmụmụ ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ, ọkachasị mkpụrụ ndị emelitere site na teknụzụ biotechnology. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-ekwu na "A ghaghị ịkwụsị mmegide dabeere na mmetụta uche na nkwenkwe megidere data." Greenpeace zara azịza na-ekwu na "Ebubo na onye ọ bụla na-egbochi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 'osikapa' ọla edo bụ ụgha" nakwa na ha na-akwado "... itinye ego n'ọrụ ugbo na-eguzogide ihu igwe na inye ndị ọrụ ugbo ike ịnweta nri kwesịrị ekwesị na nke na-edozi ahụ, kama ịwụsa ego ala. igbapu maka osikapa 'Golden' GE." == Ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu == NNa Julaị 2011, Greenpeace wepụtara akụkọ ya Dirty Laundry na-ebo ụfọdụ ụdị ejiji na uwe egwuregwu kachasị elu n'ụwa na-ahapụ ihe mkpofu nsị n'ime osimiri China. Akụkọ a na-akọwa nsogbu mmetọ mmiri na-esi na mwepụta kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu metụtara ụlọ ọrụ akwa nke mba ahụ. Nnyocha e mere lekwasịrị anya na mkpofu mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị na China; otu nke Youngor Group dị na Yangtze River Delta na nke ọzọ na Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. nke dị na tributary nke Pearl River Delta. Nnyocha sayensị nke ihe nlele sitere na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ gosipụtara ọnụnọ nke kemịkalụ na-emebi homonụ dị ize ndụ na nke na-adịgide adịgide, gụnyere alkylphenols, ogige perfluorinated na perfluorooctane sulfonate. Akụkọ ahụ gara n'ihu kwupụta na Youngor Group na Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. - ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị n'azụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ - nwere mmekọrịta azụmahịa na ọtụtụ ụdị uwe ejiji, gụnyere Abercrombie & Fitch, Adidas, Bauer Hockey, Calvin Klein, Converse, Cortefiel, H&M, Lacoste, Li Ning, Metersbonwe Group, Nike, Phillips-Van Heusen na Puma AG. N'afọ 2013, Greenpeace malitere mkpọsa "Detox Fashion", nke debanyere aha ụfọdụ ụdị ejiji iji kwụsị mbupụ nke kemịkal na-egbu egbu n'ime osimiri n'ihi mmepụta uwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/toxics/water/detox/|title=Detox|work=Greenpeace International|accessdate=26 June 2013|archivedate=29 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629122618/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/toxics/water/detox/}}</ref> === Ntuziaka maka Green Electronics === N'August 2006, Greenpeace wepụtara mbipụta mbụ nke Guide to Greener Electronics, akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe a na-ahọrọ ndị na-emepụta ekwentị na PC maka ọrụ ndụ ndụ ha, dabere na iji ihe na-egbu egbu na ngwaahịa ha na e-ifufe. Na Nọvemba 2011, emelitere njirisi ahụ, ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu kemgbe 2006, na ebumnuche iji nweta ụlọ ọrụ setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka mbelata gas griin haus, iji ike emeghari ihe ruru 100%, na-emepụta ngwaahịa na-adịte aka na-enweghị ihe ndị dị ize ndụ. na ịba ụba omume na-adigide. Iji hụ na nghọta nke ọkwa ahụ na-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ dabere na ozi ọha ha. Maka igosipụta amụma na omume ụlọ ọrụ, Greenpeace na-eji nnwale kemịkalụ nke ngwaahịa, akụkọ sitere na ndị na-ekiri ụlọ ọrụ, akụkọ mgbasa ozi na nnwale nke mmemme ndị ahịa iji lelee ma ha dabara na omume ha. Ebe ọ bụ na ewepụtara ntuziaka ahụ na 2006, yana mkpọsa ndị ọzọ yiri ya akwalitela ọtụtụ ndozi, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụ kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu na ngwaahịa ha ma melite atụmatụ imegharị ihe. Nke ikpeazụ bipụtara mbipụta Guide to Greener Electronics bụ na 2017. Ụdị 2017 gụnyere 17 isi ụlọ ọrụ IT ma debe ha na njirisi atọ: iji ike mee ihe, oriri ihe onwunwe na mkpochapụ kemịkalụ. == Zọpụta Oké Osimiri Arctic ==   [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG|thumb|Polar bear n'èzí ụlọ ọrụ Shell na London na Septemba, 2015]] N'ịga n'ihu na mkpọsa na-aga nke ọma iru Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, na 2012 na 2013 ngagharị iwe nwere ọkọlọtọ "Save the Arctic" malitere. Iji kwụsị ịkwọ mmanụ na gas, ịkụ azụ ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị agha na mpaghara Arctic kpamkpam, a chọrọ "ebe nsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na nnukwu arctic" n'aka ndị isi ụwa na Mgbakọ Mba Ụwa: "Anyị chọrọ ka ha nyefee mkpebi UN. na-ekwupụta nchegbu mba ụwa maka Arctic." Mkpebi iji chebe anụ ọhịa na gburugburu ebe obibi adịghị ike. Ndị nchekwa osimiri Russia nwụchiri ndị ọrụ 30 sitere na MV Arctic Sunrise na 19 Septemba 2013 ka ha na-eme ngagharị iwe na ikpo okwu Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya. Ebubo ndị otu Greenpeace ebubo na ha na-apụnara mmadụ ihe, emesịa wedata ya na hooliganism, tupu ahapụ ya kpamkpam ka gọọmentị Russia gafere iwu mgbaghara. N'ọnwa Julaị 2014, Greenpeace malitere mgbasa ozi boycott zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mee ka Lego kwụsị imepụta ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu na-ebu akara ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ Shell na nzaghachi na atụmatụ Shell na-egwupụta mmanụ na Arctic. Mmekọrịta Lego na Shell malitere na 1960, ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ọrụ LEGO mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ akụkọ ifo a na-akpọ Octan. Octan apụtala n'ọtụtụ egwuregwu, kọmputa na egwuregwu njikwa, enwere ike ịhụ ya na ogige ntụrụndụ Legoland, ma gosipụta ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nke villain President Business na The Lego Movie na-eduzi. === Norway === E nwere esemokwu banyere mmanụ na Arctic Ocean n'etiti Gọọmentị Norway na Greenpeace. N'afọ 2013, ndị ọrụ atọ nke Greenpeace banyere n'ụgbọ mmanụ nke Statoil, na-eyi uwe anụ ọhịa bea. Dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Greenpeace Russia si kwuo, ha nọrọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ruo ihe dị ka awa atọ. A kpọgara ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na uwe bear n'ikpere mmiri. A kọrọ na Statoil ebughị n'obi itinye akwụkwọ megide ha. Greenpeace kwuru na atụmatụ igwu ala nke Statoil na-eyi Bear Island egwu, ebe a na-ebighị n'ebe obibi nke ụdị anụmanụ ndị dị ụkọ gụnyere anụ ọhịa bea, n'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịsacha mmanụ na Arctic n'ihi ọnọdụ siri ike.<ref>Offshore Technology.com. (30 May 2014). </ref> Greenpeace na-ele ọrụ mmanụ ala nke Statoil anya dị ka "iwu na-akwadoghị".<ref name="Hovland1">Hovland, K. (30 May 2014). </ref> Statoil agọnahụ nkwupụta Greenpeace. Dị ka The Maritime Executive (2014), Statoil si kwuo "Statoil na-akwanyere ikike ndị mmadụ nwere ime ngagharị iwe iwu ùgwù, anyị na-eche na ọ dị mkpa inwe arụmụka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ. Anyị emeela atụmatụ siri ike maka ọrụ ahụ, ma nwee obi ike na enwere ike ịme ha n'enweghị nsogbu na n'enweghị ihe mberede. Na 27 Mee 2014, ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace, MV Esperanza, weghaara Transocean Spitsbergen, mmanụ mmanụ nke Statoil na Oké Osimiri Barents nke na ọ ghọrọ enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, onye njikwa Greenpeace Norway Truls Gulowsen zara ajụjụ ọnụ ekwentị, na-ekwu na "Ndị ngagharị iwe ise si na helikopta pụọ n'abalị ụnyaahụ na atọ laghachiri n'ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace dị nso." Enwere ndị ngagharị iwe asaa ọzọ na rig ahụ n'oge ahụ, mana ndị uwe ojii Norwegian enweghị ike iwepụ ha ozugbo n'ihi na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ bụ ọkọlọtọ nke mma nke edebanyere aha na Marshall Islands wee were ya dị ka ụgbọ mmiri dị n'oké osimiri, ọ bụrụhaala na ọ dị. amaliteghị mkpọ ala. Na 29 Mee, Otú ọ dị, ndị uwe ojii Norwegian nwụchiri ndị na-akwado asaa ahụ sitere na Greenpeace n'udo na rig. N'oge na-adịghị anya, dị ka Reuters si kwuo, a tọhapụrụ ndị ọrụ niile na-enweghị ntaramahụhụ ọ bụla. Na 30 Mee, ndị nchekwa osimiri Norwegian mechara dọpụ Esperanza, n'agbanyeghị na n'ụtụtụ Greenpeace nyefere arịrịọ nke edere ihe karịrị 80,000 mbinye aka na Minista gburugburu ebe obibi Norwegian Tine Sundtoft na Oslo. A kọrọ na gọọmentị Norway na ndị uwe ojii kwere ka ndị nche n'ụsọ osimiri dọkpụrụ ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace. Ndị uwe ojii Norway kwuru na Statoil gwara Greenpeace ka ọ kwụsị igbochi ọrụ ya, mana Greenpeace leghaara ịdọ aka ná ntị ahụ anya. Ndị uwe ojii ekwuola na ntinye aka Greenpeace na ọrụ mmanụ nke Statoil megidere iwu Norwegian ma nye Greenpeace iwu ịhapụ ebe Barents Sea.<ref name="Hovland1">Hovland, K. (30 May 2014). </ref> Statoil kwuru na igbu oge na mmalite nke igwu egwu na-efu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ihe dị ka $ 1.26 nde kwa ụbọchị. Dị ka Reuters si kwuo, Statoil ga-amalite igwu "olulu mmanụ atọ na Apollo, Atlantis na Mercury na mpaghara Hoop, [nke dị] ihe dị ka kilomita 300 site na ala [nke Norway]" n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2014. Greenpeace anọgidewo na-akatọ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ maka "ịsacha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" ha, na-ekwu na Statoil zoro eziokwu ahụ na ọ na-eme oghere mmanụ dị ize ndụ site na ijide "Lego League" na Lego ma na-adọpụ uche ndị mmadụ na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ na-ekwukwa na Statoil ga-agbanwe àgwà ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Nkwụsị maka igwu ala miri emi n'oké osimiri na mmiri mba ụwa == Greenpeace sonyeere ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ ịkpọ oku maka nkwụsịtụ n'ịgbapụta ogbunigwe miri emi nke International Seabed Authority (ISA) nyere ikike n'okpuru nkwado nke UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Greenpeace na-ekwu na ngwuputa ihe ngwuputa na azụmahịa nke polymetallic nodules nwere ike imebi oke osimiri nke ụwa, nke na-eme ihe dị ka ikuku carbon na-amịkọrọ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke carbon anwuru n'ụwa kwa afọ. Òtù ahụ na-ekwu na ogbunigwe miri emi na-akpaghasịkwa ebe obibi nke ụdị a na-akọ ọhụrụ, site na crabs ruo whale ruo ejula na-adị ndụ na-erighị nri ma na-agbakọta n'akụkụ ikuku ọkụ bioluminescent. Greenpeace agbaala ndị International Seabed Authority ume ka ha wepụta n'ihu UNCLOS ụkpụrụ ntọala Nkeji edemede 136 "nke ihe nketa nke mmadụ niile" iji degharịa ụkpụrụ na ịtọ ebumnuche nchekwa. Na 2018 Greenpeace Research Laboratories na-akọ na nzukọ ahụ kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị ichebe ụdị mmiri dị iche iche sitere na nsị ewepụtara n'oge a na-egwupụta ala mmiri maka gas sitere n'okike na ọla ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe maka sel fotovoltaic. Greenpeace na-ekwusi ike na "pro-exploitation" ISA abụghị ikike kwesịrị ekwesị iji chịkwaa oghere miri emi (DSM). N'afọ 2019, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na Greenpeace mere ngagharị iwe n'èzí nzukọ kwa afọ nke International Seabed Authority na Jamaica, na-akpọ maka nkwekọrịta oké osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ iji machibido igwu ala miri emi n'ebe nchekwa oké osimiri. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa Jamaica n'ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace, Esperanza, nke si na "Obodo furu efu n'etiti Atlantic", ebe Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọ na-eyi egwu site na nchọpụta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2019|title=Greenpeace, JET protest against deep sea mining|url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20190723/greenpeace-jet-protest-against-deep-sea-mining-0|accessdate=24 April 2022|work=jamaica-gleaner.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ụgbọ mmiri == Kemgbe e guzobere Greenpeace, ụgbọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mkpọsa ya. Greenpeace agbaala ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ dịka ọ dị mkpa. Ọ dịkarịa ala, e ji otu ụgbọ mmiri na-abụghị nke Greenpeace mee ihe n'oge mkpọsa 2008-11 nke nzukọ ahụ iji mebie ịnya ụgbọ mmiri na North Sea site na itinye nnukwu nkume n'ala oké osimiri wee nye ndị ọchịchị mpaghara chaatị emelitere nke ebe etinye nkume ndị ahụ. Ụgbọ mmiri niile nwere injin diesel ụgbọ mmiri. === N'ozi === [[Usòrò:AS_helsinki.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace [[MV Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic|MV]] Arctic Sunrise na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri [[Helsinki]].]] * Rainbow Warrior bụ ụgbọ mmiri nke atọ bu aha ahụ. Emere ya na 2011, a na-akpọ ya Rainbow Warrior III mgbe ụfọdụ.<ref name="COMM">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/environment/news/article.cfm?c_id=39&objectid=10620814|title=Greenpeace commissions third Warrior|author=Vidal, John|date=18 January 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=2 October 2011}}</ref> * [[MV Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic|MV ''Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic'']] * ''Onye Akaebe'' === N'oge gara aga n'ọrụ === ==== ''Onye Agha Mmiri'' Ozuzo Mbụ ====   N'afọ 1978, Greenpeace weputara Rainbow Warrior mbụ, onye 40-mita (130 ft), onye bụbu onye na-akụ azụ azụ aha ya bụ Warriors of the Rainbow, nke kpaliri Robert Hunter na njem mbụ na Amchitka. Greenpeace zụtara Rainbow Warrior (nke ewepụtara dị ka Sir William Hardy na 1955) na ọnụ ahịa £40,000. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo weghachiri eweghachi ma rụgharịa ya n'ime ọnwa anọ. Ebubere ya ka ọ kpasasịa ichu nta nke ụgbọ mmiri whaling Iceland, Rainbow Warrior ghọrọ isi ihe na mgbasa ozi Greenpeace ngwa ngwa. N'agbata 1978 na 1985, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-etinyekwa aka n'ihe kpọmkwem megide oke osimiri na-ekpofu nsị na-egbu egbu na redioaktivu, ichu nta isi awọ na Orkney na nyocha nuklia na Pacific. Na May 1985, ụgbọ ahụ bụ ngwá ọrụ maka 'Operation Exodus', nchụpụ nke ihe dị ka 300 Rongelap Atoll ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ndị e merụrụ n'ụlọ ha site na nyocha nuklia US afọ iri abụọ gara aga nke a na-ehichabeghị ma na-enwe ahụike siri ike. mmetụta na ndị obodo. Mgbe e mesịrị na 1985, Rainbow Warrior ga-eduga ụgbọ mmiri ngagharị iwe n'ime mmiri gbara gburugburu Moruroa atoll, saịtị nke nnwale nuklia French. Nmikpu nke Warrior Rainbow mere mgbe gọọmentị France tụbara ụgbọ mmiri na nzuzo na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Auckland site n'iwu sitere n'aka François Mitterrand n'onwe ya. Nke a gburu onye na-ese foto na-enweghị onwe onye Dutch bụ Fernando Pereira, onye chere na ọ dị mma ịbanye n'ụgbọ mmiri iji nweta ihe foto ya mgbe obere mgbawa mbụ gbawara, mana mmiri riri ya n'ihi mgbawa nke abụọ. Mwakpo a bụ ọdachi mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka France mgbe ndị uwe ojii New Zealand kpughere ya ngwa ngwa. Gọọmentị France na 1987 kwetara ịkwụ ụgwọ New Zealand nke nde NZ$13 wee rịọ mgbaghara maka ogbunigwe ahụ. Gọọmenti France nyekwara ezinaụlọ onye na-ese foto ụgwọ ụgwọ ₣2.3. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 2001, mgbe Institute of Cetacean Research nke Japan kpọrọ Greenpeace "ndị na-eyi ọha egwu", Gert Leipold, onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace mgbe ahụ, kpọrọ nkwupụta ahụ asị, na-ekwu "ịkpọ ngagharị iwe na-adịghị eme ihe ike na-akparị ndị merụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ gbuo na Mwakpo nke ezigbo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, gụnyere Fernando Pereira, nke ndị iyi ọha egwu steeti gburu na mwakpo 1985 na Rainbow Warrior". ==== ''Onye Agha'' Agba nke Abụọ ==== [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụgbọ mmiri nke abụọ nke Greenpeace bụ Rainbow Warrior rutere Bali maka nzukọ ihu igwe nke UN na 2007.]] N'afọ 1989, Greenpeace nyere iwu ka e jiri ụgbọ mmiri Rainbow Warrior dochie anya ya, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya Rainbow Warrion II. Ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ na 16 Ọgọstụ 2011, ka ụgbọ mmiri nke ọgbọ nke atọ dochie ya. N'afọ 2005, Rainbow Warrior II kwụsịrị ma mebie Tubbataha Reef na Philippines mgbe ọ na-enyocha reef maka ịcha coral. A kwụrụ Greenpeace ụgwọ US $ 7,000 maka imebi nkume ahụ ma kweta ịkwụ ụgwọ ahụ na-ekwu na ha chere na ọ bụ ha kpatara mmebi ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Greenpeace kwuru na gọọmentị Philippines enyewo ya chaatị ochie. Onye na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ nke Tubbataha nwere ekele maka ngwa ngwa Greenpeace mere iji nyochaa mmebi nke reef.<ref>[[BBC News]]. </ref> ==== Ndị ọzọ ==== * [[MV Sirius|MV ''Sirius'']] * [[MV Solo]] * [[MV Greenpeace|MV ''Greenpeace'']] * [[MV Gondwana|MV ''Gondwana'']] * [[:de:Beluga (Schiff)|MV]] [[:de:Beluga (Schiff)|''Beluga'']] (n'asụsụ German) * [[MV Esperanza]] == Mmeghachi omume na nzaghachi maka ọrụ Greenpeace == Edela akwụkwọ ikpe megide Greenpeace maka uru efu, mmebi aha na "ịgba ụgbọ mmiri". Okwu ikpe ikpeazụ, nke ewetara n'okpuru iwu a na-ekpebeghị ikpe kemgbe 1890, ka a na-ele anya dị ka mbọ ịbọ ọbọ nke ọchịchị Bush maka nkatọ Greenpeace banyere atumatu gburugburu ebe obibi ya. A kagburu ikpe ahụ mgbe ndị ọka iwu zuru ike, ebe ha emeghị ka ọ pụta ìhè. N'afọ 2004, ekpughere na gọọmentị Australia dị njikere ịnye ego enyemaka na Southern Pacific Petroleum na ọnọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ga-eme ihe gbasara iwu megide Greenpeace, bụ nke lụsoro ọgụ megide Stuart Oil Shale Project. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka Royal Dutch Shell, BP na Électricité de France emeghachila omume na mkpọsa Greenpeace site n'iledo ọrụ Greenpeace na ịbanye n'ọfịs Greenpeace. Ndị na-akwado Greenpeace abụrụla ndị a na-achọ ịpị ekwentị, iyi egwu ọnwụ, ime ihe ike na ọbụna iyi ọha egwu steeti n'ihe banyere ogbugbu nke Rainbow Warrior. Na 19 Mee 2023, Ọfịs onye ọka iwu Russia họpụtara GreenPeace dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị mma, na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ na-etinye aka na ihe dị n'ime Russia, na-emebi akụ na ụba obodo, na itinye ego maka ọrụ nke ndị otu Russia ghọtara dị ka "ndị nnọchi anya mba ọzọ." == Nkatọ ==   === Akụkọ Patrick Moore dere === Patrick Moore, onye mbụ Greenpeace otu, hapụrụ nzukọ ahụ na 1986 mgbe ọ, dị ka Moore si kwuo, kpebiri ịkwado mmachibido iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ na chlorine na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ. Moore ekwuola na GreenPeace taa bụ ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwali ya karịa sayensị nakwa na ọ nweghị onye "ndị nduzi ibe ya nwere agụmakwụkwọ sayensị ọ bụla". Bruce Cox, Director nke Greenpeace Canada, zara na Greenpeace ọ dịghị mgbe ọ chọrọ ka a machibido chlorine zuru ụwa ọnụ nakwa na Greenpeace adịghị emegide iji chlorine na mmiri ọṅụṅụ ma ọ bụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, na-agbakwụnye na "Mr. Moore bụ naanị ya na-echeta banyere ọgụ megide. chlorine na/ma ọ bụ iji sayensị mee ihe mere o ji hapụ Greenpeace." Paul Watson, onye mbụ na Greenpeace kwuru na Moore "na-eji ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye a na-akpọ onye na-akwado Greenpeace iji nye nkwenye na ebubo ya. Abụkwa m onye na-akwado Greenpeace na amaara m Patrick Moore maka 35. afọ [...][...] Moore na-ebo ebubo na-enweghị ihe ndabere n'ezie". N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, [olee mgbe?] Moore katọrọ mmasị nke Greenpeace na osikapa ọla edo, okwu nke ndị ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ dị ka Mark Lynas sonyela Moore, na-ekwupụta na Greenpeace “agbala mkpọsa nke ozi na-ezighi ezi, kpochapuru ndị sayensị na-ahụ maka ya. na-arụ ọrụ iji wetara ndị chọrọ ya Golden Rice, ma kwado mbibi ime ihe ike nke nnwale ubi Golden Rice." Patrick Moore tụgharịrị n'ọnọdụ ya na ike nuklia na 1976, buru ụzọ megide ya ma na-akwado ya ugbu a. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ Australia bụ The Age, o dere "Greenpeace ezighị ezi-anyị ga-atụle ike nuklia". Ọ na-arụ ụka na atụmatụ ọ bụla ezi uche dị na ya iji belata ịdabere na mmanụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ chọrọ ịba ụba nke ike nuklia. Phil Radford, onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace US zara na ike nuklia dị oke egwu, na-ewe ogologo oge iji wuo iji lebara mgbanwe ihu igwe anya, ma na-ekwu na ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere US, nwere ike ịgbanwe ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100% ume ọhụrụ ka ọ na-ewepụ ike nuklia site na. 2050. === Tanka Brent Spar === Nnyocha e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị sitere n'okike boro Greenpeace ebubo na ọ naghị elebara eziokwu anya mgbe ọ katọrọ mwụfu ụgbọ mmiri Brent Spar, ma boro otu ahụ ebubo ikwubiga okwu ókè nke mmanụ echekwara na ụgbọ mmiri. Greenpeace kwuru na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere tọn mmanụ 5,500, ebe Shell kwuru na ọ nwere naanị tọn 50. Agbanyeghị, emere nha ndị ahụ n'okpuru mmanye n'oge ngagharị iwe nke ikpo okwu, ebe Shell jụrụ ikike, na egbe mmiri na ihe ndị yiri ya na-awakpo ndị na-akwado Greenpeace. BBC rịọrọ Greenpeace mgbaghara maka ịkọrọ na NGO ụgha. Shell UK were afọ atọ iji nyochaa nhọrọ mkpofu, na-ekwubi na mkpofu nke tanker n'ime oke osimiri dị omimi bụ "Nhọrọ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Kasị Mma" (BPEO), nhọrọ nke nwetara nkwado ụfọdụ n'ime akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, dịka ọ dị. ụfọdụ chọpụtara na ọ nwere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi "na-enweghị atụ". Gọọmenti Britain na Oslo na Paris Commissions (OSPAR) nabatara ngwọta ahụ. Mgbasa ozi NGO nke si na ya pụta megide atụmatụ Shell gụnyere akwụkwọ ozi, boycotts nke ruru ọbụna mbibi na Jamanị, na ịgbachitere ọnụ na nnọkọ gọọmentị etiti. Enyere nkwubi okwu nke na-akwado Greenpeace, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, na ụkpụrụ ịkpachara anya n'ihe karịrị otu nzukọ gọọmentị etiti, na na Mgbakọ OSPAR 1998, WWF gosipụtara ọmụmụ banyere mmetụta nsi na gburugburu oke osimiri dị omimi. Nzukọ ahụ kwadoro mmachibido iwu n'ozuzu maka ikpofu oke osimiri. Shell ebugoro igwe ahụ n'ebe a na-ekpofu ihe, ma n'ime awa ikpeazụ kagburu ọrụ ahụ ma kwupụta na ọ dara n'ịkọrọ ọha na eze atụmatụ ya nke ọma, na-ekweta na ha eledawo ike nke echiche ọha na eze anya. Na Jenụwarị 1998, Shell wepụtara BPEO ọhụrụ na-egosi na a na-emegharị igwe ahụ dị ka ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na Norway. N'afọ 1999, e wepụrụ akpa Brent Spar na otu akụkụ nke pụtara bụ na ụkwụ nke ihe owuwu ahụ nwere ụdị coral mmiri oyi (Lophelia pertusa). N'ihi ya, a tụrụ aro na ọ ga-ekwe omume idobe ụkwụ nke ikpo okwu dị otú ahụ n'elu akwa oké osimiri n'ọdịnihu, ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi. Onye nnọchite anya Greenpeace megidere aro ahụ, na-ekwu maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na mmiri mmiri ndị coral na-emepụta nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ọ bụghị coral n'onwe ya, na mmegharị dị otú ahụ agaghị akwalite mmepe nke mmiri ndị dị otú ahụ, na-ekpughekwa ụdị coral na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu a na-achọta na mmanụ. "Ọ bụrụ na m ga-atụba ụgbọ ala n'ime osisi, moss ga-eto na ya, ma ọ bụrụ na m nwere ihu ọma nnụnụ nwere ike ọbụna akwụ na ya. Ma nke a abụghị ihe ziri ezi iji mejupụta ọhịa anyị na ụgbọala ndị a na-adịghị eji eme ihe," ka onye mgbasa ozi Greenpeace Simon Reddy kwuru. . === Pascal Husting na-agagharị === Na 2013 akụkọ kwuru na Pascal Husting, onye nduzi nke Greenpeace International "mmemme mba ụwa" na-aga 400 km (250 kilomita) iji rụọ ọrụ n'ụgbọelu, n'agbanyeghị mgbake Greenpeace iji belata njem ikuku n'ihi akara carbon. Greenpeace ekwuola "mmụba nke ụgbọ elu na-emebi ohere anyị nke ịkwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ize ndụ". Mgbe "mkpasu iwe ọha" Greenpeace kwuputara na Husting ga-eji ụgbọ oloko na-aga. === Ụgbọ oloko Nazca === Na Disemba 2014, ndị na-akwado Greenpeace mebiri okwute metụtara Nazca Lines na Peru mgbe ha na-edozi ọkọlọtọ n'ime ahịrị nke otu n'ime geoglyphs ama ama, enwere nchegbu na mmerụ ahụ nwere ike bụrụ nke enweghị mgbagha. Ndị na-eme ihe ike mebiri mpaghara gburugburu hummingbird site na ịga n'akụkụ glyph na-enweghị akpụkpọ ụkwụ iwu. A machibidoro ịbanye n'akụkụ ahịrị ahụ nke ọma na a ga-eyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ pụrụ iche iji zere imebi saịtị UN World Heritage. Greenpeace kwuru na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri “kpachara anya nke ọma ichebe ahịrị Nazca,” mana nke a megidere vidiyo na foto na-egosi ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-eyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ nkịtị (ọ bụghị akpụkpọ ụkwụ nchebe pụrụ iche) ka ha na-aga na saịtị ahụ. Greenpeace agbagharala ndị Peruvian mgbaghara, mana Loise Jamie Castillo, onye osote onye minista na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị ọdịbendị Peru kpọrọ mgbaghara ahụ “ihe egwuregwu”, n'ihi na Greenpeace jụrụ ịchọpụta ndị na-emebi ihe ma ọ bụ nabata ọrụ. Minista na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị Diana Álvarez-Calderón kwuru na a ga-eji ihe akaebe gbakọtara n'oge nyocha gọọmentị dị ka akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ikpe megide Greenpeace. "Mbibi e mebiworo bụ nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na mgbaghara nke òtù gburugburu ebe obibi na-enye ezughị," ka o kwuru na nnọkọ akụkọ. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2015, Greenpeace ewepụtala nkwupụta nke ndị otu anọ nọ na NGO tinyere aka na mmemme ahụ. === Mgbasa mgbochi whaling na Norway na 1990s === N'ime 1990s Greenpeace mere ọtụtụ njem mgbochi whaling na Norway. Ndị nkatọ ekwuola na Greenpeace gbara mkpọsa megide whaling iji nweta onyinye akụ na ụba sitere na akụ na ụba US, na ọ nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ịchekwa gburugburu ma ọ bụ ndụ whale. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịchụ nta shark bụ okwu siri ike karị, mana ebe ọ bụ na a na-atụ egwu shark na United States, ịgba mbọ iji nyere shark aka anaghị enweta nkwado ego. Greenpeace ajụla nkwupụta a. Agbanyeghị, na akwụkwọ akụkọ Norwegian Dagbladet na 11 Eprel 2015, Kumi Naidoo kwetara na mkpọsa mgbochi whhale bụ "mgbagwoju anya". Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị Norway maliteghachiri azụ whaling ka mmachibido iwu IWC n'ihi ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma na-eche ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi doro anya, gụnyere mbelata ọchịchọ na Japan na mmetọ kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu. === Akwụkwọ ozi emeghe sitere n'aka ndị nwetara ihe nrite Nobel === Na June 2016, 107 Nobel laureates bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na-agba Greenpeace ume ka ọ kwụsị mmegide ya na ihe ndị na-agbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GMOs). Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ kwuru, sị: "Anyị na-agba Greenpeace na ndị na-akwado ya ume ka ha nyochaa ahụmahụ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ụwa nile na ihe ọkụkụ na ihe oriri na-emeziwanye site na nkà na ụzụ biotechnology, ghọta ihe nchoputa nke ụlọ ọrụ sayensị na ndị na-ahụ maka nchịkwa, ma gbahapụ mkpọsa ha megide "GMOs" na. izugbe na osikapa ọla edo, ụlọ ọrụ sayensị na ndị na-ahụ maka nchịkwa gburugburu ụwa achọpụtala ugboro ugboro na ihe oriri a na-emeziwanye site na teknụzụ biotechnology ka ọ dị mma dị ka, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị nchebe karịa nke sitere na usoro mmepụta ọ bụla ọzọ. Ekwenyesiri ike na ikpe ahụike na-adịghị mma maka mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ site na iri nri ha, egosipụtara na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-adị ugboro ugboro ka ọ na-adịchaghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, yana uru na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche zuru ụwa ọnụ." Ndị nwetara ihe nrite Nobel kpọkukwara gọọmentị mba ụwa ka ha mee ihe niile ha nwere ike ime megide omume Greenpeace ma mee ka ndị ọrụ ugbo nweta ngwa ngwa niile nke usoro ihe ọmụmụ ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ, ọkachasị mkpụrụ ndị emelitere site na teknụzụ biotechnology. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ gara n'ihu ikwu na "A ghaghị ịkwụsị mmegide dabeere na mmetụta uche na nkwenkwe megidere data." Greenpeace zara azịza na-ekwu na "Ebubo na onye ọ bụla na-egbochi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 'osikapa' ọla edo bụ ụgha" na ha na-akwado "[...] itinye ego n'ọrụ ugbo na-eguzogide ihu igwe na inye ndị ọrụ ugbo ikike ịnweta nri kwesịrị ekwesị na nke na-edozi ahụ, kama ịwụsa. ego gbadaa mmiri maka osikapa 'Golden' GE."Golder'.<ref name="reactive_statement">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/2016/Nobel-laureates-sign-letter-on-Greenpeace-Golden-rice-position---reactive-statement/|title=Nobel laureates sign letter on Greenpeace 'Golden' rice position - statement|accessdate=1 July 2016|archivedate=5 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705150259/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/2016/Nobel-laureates-sign-letter-on-Greenpeace-Golden-rice-position---reactive-statement/}}</ref> === Mgbalị ndị a na-eme iji gbochie nchọpụta mmanụ Arctic === Na Disemba 2020, Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Norway jụrụ itinye aka na ọrụ nyocha mmanụ na-aga n'ihu nke Greenpeace na Nature na ndị ntorobịa Norway gbara aka na n'ihi na ọrụ metụtara nyocha mmanụ na-emebi ikike mmadụ n'ihi akụkụ ya na-enye aka na ikuku carbon. . Mkpebi ahụ kwuru na ikike enyere n'afọ 2016 ga-adị irè n'ihi na achọpụtaghị na ọ megidere 'ikike nke Iwu Norwegian' ma ọ bụ 'European Convention on Human Rights'. A kọrọ na Greta Thunberg nyere $29,000 ka ikpe ahụ na-eri n'aha onye gbara akwụkwọ Greenpeace and Nature and Youth Norway. === Mmebi nke ụgbọelu === Na Machị 2021, ndị na-akwado Greenpeace itoolu batara n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Charles de Gaulle site n'ịkọba ngere dị na nsọtụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu wee bibie n'otu akụkụ nke Air France Boeing 777 nwere igwe agba agba. Ha kwuru na nke ahụ bụ iji kwalite mmata na "ịsacha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, yana dị ka nkọwa na arụmụka ụgwọ ihu igwe na nzuko omeiwu France. N'agbanyeghị ịdọ aka ná ntị sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ nchekwa, ha jụrụ ịtọhapụ. E mechara jide ha, ma kpalite nchegbu banyere ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ. National Airline Pilots Union (SNPL) katọrọ omume ahụ, na-ekwu na ọ bụ mmebi dị oke ọnụ, ma megidere nkwupụta nke ndị na-akwado ya. == Ebe ndebe ihe ochie == E nwere ego Greenpeace Canada na Library and Archives Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding aid to Greenpeace Canada fonds, Library and Archives Canada|date=20 July 2017|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=163472&lang=eng|accessdate=18 May 2021|archivedate=22 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522111504/https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=fonandcol&IdNumber=163472}}</ref> Nọmba ncheta bụ R4377. == Ihe ngosi == == Hụkwa ==   * 350.org * Ọrụ Eziokwu nke Ihu igwe * Oge ihu igwe * Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ike Ọhụrụ Europe * [[Friends of Nature|Ndị Enyi nke Okike]] * Ego Maka Ọhịa * ''[[Otu esi agbanwe ụwa (ihe nkiri)|Otu esi agbanwe ụwa]]'' (ihe nkiri 2015 gbasara Greenpeace) * [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] * [[Ebe Akụrụngwa Ụwa Nile Maka Okike]] * Greenpeace USA * [[Greenpeace Australia Pacific]] == Ihe odide == == Njikọ mpụga ==     * Official website {{Sustainability}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iutenc82uh3aqrepguvqhl17hy77h8l 654234 654233 2026-06-07T05:57:49Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Greenpeace''' bụ netwọk mgbasa ozi zuru ụwa ọnụ kwụụrụ onwe ya, tọrọ ntọala na Canada na 1971 site n'aka Irving Stowe na Dorothy Stowe, ndị na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi si United States. Greenpeace na-ekwu na ebumnuche ya bụ "ịhụ na ikike nke ụwa ịzụlite ndụ n'ụdị dị iche iche" ma gbado anya na mgbasa ozi ya na okwu zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka mgbanwe ihu igwe, igbutu osisi, ịhịa aka n'ahụ, ịzụ ahịa azụ ahịa, injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na ihe mgbochi nuklia. Ọ na-eji ime ihe ozugbo, ime ihe ike, nyocha, na ecotage iji nweta ebumnobi ya. Netwọk ahụ nwere otu mba/mpaghara 26 nọọrọ onwe ha na mba 55 gafee Europe, America, Africa, Asia, [[Ostraliya|Australia]] na Pacific, yana otu nhazi, Greenpeace International, dabere na Amsterdam, Netherlands. netwọkụ ụwa niile anaghị anabata ego sitere n'aka gọọmentị, ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ otu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na-adabere na nde mmadụ atọ ndị na-akwado ya na onyinye ntọala. Greenpeace nwere ọkwa ndụmọdụ izugbe na United Nations Economic and Social Council ma bụrụ onye guzobere INGO Accountability Charter, otu mba ụwa na-abụghị nke gọọmentị na-ezube ịkwalite aza ajụjụ na nghọta nke ndị otu na-abụghị gọọmentị. A maara Greenpeace maka omume ya kpọmkwem ma kọwaa ya dị ka otu n'ime òtù gburugburu ebe obibi a na-ahụ anya n'ụwa. O welitere ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe ọmụma ọha, ma metụta ma ndị nkeonwe na nke ọha. Nzukọ ahụ anatala nkatọ; ọ bụ isiokwu nke akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe sitere n'aka ihe karịrị 100 Nobel laureates na-agba Greenpeace ume ka ọ kwụsị mgbasa ozi ya megide mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa gbanwetụrụ (GMOs). Omume ozugbo nke otu a kpalitere omume iwu megide ndị na-akwado Greenpeace, dị ka nra na ahịrị ahịrị nkwusioru maka ibibi atụmatụ nnwale nke ọka wit gbanwere mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa yana, dịka gọọmentị Peruvian siri kwuo, na-emebi Lines Nazca, saịtị World Heritage World.<ref name="canberra">{{Cite news|url=http://www.canberratimes.com.au/act-news/gm-crop-destroyers-given-suspended-sentences-20121119-29l66.html|title=GM crop destroyers given suspended sentences|work=The Canberra Times|date=19 November 2012|accessdate=8 November 2013}}</ref><ref name="WSJ Nazca">{{Cite news|author=Kozak|first=Robert|date=14 December 2014|title=Peru Says Greenpeace Permanently Damaged Nazca Lines|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/peru-says-greenpeace-permanently-damaged-nazca-lines-1418681478|work=The Wall Street Journal|accessdate=3 February 2015}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == === Mmalite ya === [[Usòrò:AmchitkaAlaskaLoc.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ebe agwaetiti Amchitka dị na Alaska.]] [[Usòrò:1971-CANNIKIN-2.jpg|thumb|Ngwá ọrụ nuklia nke kpaliri okike nke Greenpeace ka a na-agbadata ya n'ime oghere ya maka ''Cannikin''.]] N'ọgwụgwụ 1960s, US zubere ule ngwa agha nuklia nke Cannikin n'ime agwaetiti Amchitka na-adịghị akwụsi ike na Alaska; atụmatụ ndị ahụ welitere nchegbu ụfọdụ maka ule na-ebute ala ọma jijiji na ịkpata mbufịt mbufịt. Ihe dị ka mmadụ 7,000 gbochiri Peace Arch Border Crossing n'etiti British Columbia na Washington, na-ebu akara na-agụ "Emela Wave. Ọ bụ gị kpatara ma ọ bụrụ na mmejọ anyị na-aga". na "Kwụsị Igbe M Emechabeghị." Mkpesa ahụ akwụsịghị US ịgbawa bọmbụ ahụ. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dịghị ala ọma jijiji ma ọ bụ tsunami gbasoro ule ahụ, mmegide ahụ toro mgbe US kwupụtara na ha ga-agbawa bọmbụ ugboro ise karịa nke mbụ. Otu n'ime ndị mmegide ahụ bụ Jim Bohlen, onye agha agha nke jerela ozi n'Òtù Ndị Agha Mmiri US, na Irving Stowe na Dorothy Stowe, ndị ghọrọ ndị Quakers n'oge na-adịbeghị anya. Ha nwere nkụda mmụọ maka enweghị ọrụ nke Sierra Club Canada, nke ha bụ ndị otu ya. Site na Irving Stowe, Jim Bohlen mụtara maka ụdị nguzogide na-enweghị isi, "ịgba akaebe", ebe a na-eme mkpesa naanị site na ọnụnọ nkịtị. Nwunye Jim Bohlen Marie wepụtara echiche iji ụgbọ mmiri gaa Amchitka, nke sitere na njem mgbochi nuklia nke Albert Bigelow na 1958. Echiche ahụ kwụsịrị na akwụkwọ akụkọ ma jikọta ya na Sierra Club. Njikọ a enweghị mmasị na ọgbakọ Sierra Club na na 1970 e hiwere kọmitii Emela Wave maka ngagharị iwe ahụ. E nwere nzukọ mbụ n'ụlọ Shaughnessy nke Robert Hunter na nwunye ya Bobbi Hunter. E mesịa, ụlọ Stowe dị na 2775 Courtenay Street (Vancouver) ghọrọ isi ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ka Rex Weyler tinyere ya na usoro iheomume ya, Greenpeace, na 1969, Irving na Dorothy Stowe's "ụlọ dị jụụ na Courtenay Street ga-abụ n'oge na-adịghị anya isi ihe dị mkpa, mkpa zuru ụwa ọnụ". Ụfọdụ n'ime ọgbakọ Greenpeace mbụ e nwere n'ebe ahụ. Emeghere ụlọ ọrụ mbụ n'ime ime ụlọ, n'ihu ụlọ ahịa dị na Cypress na West Broadway ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ na Kitsilano, Vancouver. N'ime ọkara afọ Greenpeace kwabatara iji soro ndị Society na-akwalite nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi kesaa oghere ụlọ elu dị na 4th na Maple na Kitsilano. [[:en:Irving_Stowe|Irving Stowe]] haziri ihe egwu uru (nke [[:en:Joan_Baez|Joan Baez]] kwadoro) nke mere na 16 October 1970 na Pacific Coliseum na Vancouver. Egwuregwu ahụ mepụtara ntọala ego maka mkpọsa Greenpeace mbụ. Amchitka, ihe egwu 1970 eweputara Greenpeace nke Greenpeace bipụtara na Nọvemba 2009 na CD ma dịkwa ka nbudata mp3 site na webụsaịtị egwu Amchitka. N'iji ego a na-enweta na ihe nkiri ahụ, ndị Kọmiti Emela ka Ndị Na-efegharị efegharị na-akwụ ụgwọ ụgbọ mmiri, Phyllis Cormack bụ nke John Cormack nwere ma na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri. A kpọgharịrị ụgbọ mmiri ahụ Greenpeace maka ngagharị iwe ahụ mgbe okwu onye na-akwado Bill Darnell chepụtara. Ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri zuru oke gụnyere: Captain John Cormack (onye nwe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ), Jim Bohlen, Bill Darnell, Patrick Moore, Dr Lyle Thurston, Dave Birmingham, Terry A. Simmons, Richard Fineberg, Robert Hunter (onye nta akụkọ), Ben Metcalfe (onye nta akụkọ), Bob Cummings (onye nta akụkọ) na Bob Keziere (onye na-ese foto). Na 15 Septemba 1971, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ rutere Amchitka ma chere ụgbọ mmiri nchekwa nke US Coast Confidence ihu nke manyere ndị na-eme ihe ike ịlaghachi azụ. N'ihi nke a na ihu igwe na-arịwanye elu nke ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ahụ kpebiri ịlaghachi na Canada nanị iji chọpụta na akụkọ banyere njem ha na nkwado sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ nke ntụkwasị obi mere ka ọmịiko maka mkpesa ha. Mgbe nke a gasịrị, Greenpeace gbalịrị iji ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ gaa ebe ule ahụ, ruo mgbe US gbawara bọmbụ ahụ. A katọrọ ule nuklia ahụ, US kpebiri na ha agaghị aga n'ihu na atụmatụ nnwale ha na Amchitka. ==== Ndị guzobere na oge ntọala nke Greenpeace ====   Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme gburugburu ebe obibi Frank Zelko dere ụbọchị nguzobe nke "Emela kọmitii Wave" na 1969 na, dịka Jim Bohlen si kwuo, otu ahụ nakweere aha "Emela Kọmitii Wave" na 28 November 1969. Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo. Weebụsaịtị, The Don't Make a Wave Committee e hiwere na 1970. Asambodo incorporation nke The Don't Make a Wave Committee ụbọchị ntinye aka na nke ise nke October 1970. Onye nyocha Vanessa Timmer detes the official incorporation na 1971. Greenpeace n'onwe ya. na-akpọ njem ngagharị iwe nke 1971 dị ka “mmalite”. Dị ka Patrick Moore si kwuo, onye bụ onye mbụ ma kewapụ onwe ya na Greenpeace na Rex Weyler, a gbanwere aha "The Don't Make a Wave Committee" ka ọ bụrụ Greenpeace Foundation na 1972. Vanessa Timmer akpọtụla ndị otu mbụ dị ka "otu ndị ngagharị iwe a haziri ahazi na-atụghị anya ya". Frank Zelko ekwuola na "n'adịghị ka ndị enyi nke ụwa, dịka ọmụmaatụ, nke malitere n'ụzọ zuru ezu site n'egedege ihu nke David Brower, Greenpeace tolitere n'ụzọ evolushọn ọzọ. Ọ dịghị otu onye nchoputa ". Greenpeace n'onwe ya na-ekwu na ibe weebụ ya na "enwere ihe ọchị na na ụlọ mmanya ọ bụla dị na Vancouver, British Columbia, ị nwere ike ịnọdụ ala n'akụkụ onye na-ekwu na ya tọrọ ntọala Greenpeace. N'ezie, ọ dịghị otu onye nchoputa: aha, echiche, spirit. a pụkwara ikwu na usoro niile nwere usoro ọmụmụ dị iche iche." Patrick Moore ekwuola na "eziokwu bụ na Greenpeace bụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu mgbe niile, ọ bụghị ihe tọrọ ntọala dị ka obodo ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ya mere enwere obere agba ntụ banyere onye nwere ike ikwu na ọ bụ onye nchoputa nke Greenpeace." Onye isi Greenpeace oge ochie Rex Weyler na-ekwu na homepage ya na ndị na-ahụ maka Greenpeace na-arụrịta ụka banyere ndị malitere kemgbe etiti 1970s. Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Greenpeace nke ugbu a depụtara ndị guzobere Kọmitii Don't Make a Wave dị ka Dorothy na Irving Stowe, Marie na Jim Bohlen, Ben na Dorothy Metcalfe, na Robert Hunter.<ref name="Greenpeace: founders">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/founders|title=Greenpeace Official page: The Founders|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=29 October 2008|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=24 September 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20050924150423/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/history/founders}}</ref> Dị ka Patrick Moore na ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Dorothy Stowe, Dorothy Metcalfe, Jim Bohlen na Robert Hunter si kwuo, ndị guzobere Kọmitii Don't Make a Wave bụ Paul Cote, Irving na Dorothy Stowa na Jim na Marie Bohlen.<ref name="Moore: founders">{{Cite web|url=http://www.beattystreetpublishing.com/who-are-the-founders-of-greenpeace-2/|title=Patrick Moore: Who Are the Founders of Greenpeace|publisher=Beatty Street Publishing|accessdate=22 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007000313/http://www.beattystreetpublishing.com/who-are-the-founders-of-greenpeace-2/|archivedate=7 October 2012}}</ref><ref name="Archive.greenpeace.org">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|title=Interview by Michael Friedrich: Greenpeace Founders|publisher=Archive.greenpeace.org|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622032226/http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|archivedate=22 June 2011}}</ref> Paul Watson, onye guzobere [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] na-ekwusi ike na ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị guzobere The Don't Make a Wave Committee na Greenpeace.<ref name="watson:founders">{{Cite web|url=http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|title=Sea Shepherd Conservation Society: Greenpeace Attempts to Make Captain Paul Watson 'Disappear'|publisher=Seashepherd.org|date=15 May 2008|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110304220727/http://www.seashepherd.org/who-we-are/paul-watson-and-greenpeace.html|archivedate=4 March 2011}}</ref> Greenpeace ekwuola na Watson bụ onye otu mbụ nwere mmetụta, mana ọ bụghị otu n'ime ndị guzobere Greenpeace.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/|title=Greenpeace: Paul Watson, Sea Shepherd and Greenpeace: some facts|publisher=Greenpeace|date=17 December 2008|accessdate=22 November 2012|archivedate=26 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140826061748/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/en/news-and-blogs/news/paul-watson-sea-shepherd-and/}}</ref> Watson boro Greenpeace ebubo na ha na-ede akụkọ ihe mere eme ha.<ref name="watson:founders" /> N'ihi na Patrick Moore so na ndị ọrụ nke njem mkpesa mbụ, Moore na-ewere onwe ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị guzobere ya. Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọ bụ ezie na Moore bụ onye otu mbụ dị mkpa, ọ bụghị otu n'ime ndị guzobere Greenpeace.<ref name="Archive.greenpeace.org">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|title=Interview by Michael Friedrich: Greenpeace Founders|publisher=Archive.greenpeace.org|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622032226/http://archive.greenpeace.org/comms/vrml/rw/text/def/founders.html|archivedate=22 June 2011}}</ref><ref name="greenpeaceMoore">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/about/history/Patrick-Moore-background-information/|title=Patrick Moore background information|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=7 December 2010|accessdate=23 November 2012|archivedate=1 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901004225/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/about/history/Patrick-Moore-background-information/}}</ref> === Mgbe Amchitka gasịrị === Mgbe ụlọ ọrụ dị na Stowe home, (na mgbe nke mbụ concert ego-ịzụlite) Greenpeace ọrụ kwagara n'ụlọ ndị ọzọ onwe ma na-enwe nzukọ ọha kwa izu na Wednesday abalị na Kitsilano Neighborhood House tupu edozi, n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1974, na obere obere. ụlọ ọrụ na-ekerịta ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi SPEC na 2007 West 4th na Maple na Kitsilano. Mgbe ule nuklia na Amchitka gwụchara, Greenpeace mere ka ọ lekwasị anya na nyocha ngwa agha nuklia nke [[France]] na Moruroa Atoll na French Polynesia. Òtù na-eto eto chọrọ enyemaka maka ngagharị iwe ha, David McTaggart, onye bụbu ọchụnta ego bi na New Zealand kpọtụkwara ya. Na 1972 ụgbọ mmiri Vega, ketch 12.5-mita (41 ft) nke David McTaggart nwere, ka ahagharịrị Greenpeace III wee banye na ngagharị iwe nuklia banye mpaghara mwepu na Moruroa iji nwaa imebi nnwale nuklia French. Ọ bụ alaka ụlọ ọrụ New Zealand nke Mgbasa Ozi Maka Mwepu Ngwá Agha Nuklia kwadoro ma hazie njem a. Ndị agha mmiri France gbalịrị ịkwụsị ngagharị iwe ahụ n'ọtụtụ ụzọ, gụnyere ịwakpo David McTaggart. A sịrị na e tiri McTaggart ihe ruo n'ókè nke na ọ tụfuru ụzọ n'otu anya ya. Agbanyeghị, otu n'ime ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri McTaggart sere foto ihe merenụ wee gaa n'ihu ọha. Mgbe a kwusachara mwakpo ahụ, France kwupụtara na ọ ga-akwụsị ule nuklia ikuku. N'etiti 1970s ụfọdụ ndị otu Greenpeace malitere mgbasa ozi nọọrọ onwe ya, Project Ahab, megide whaling azụmahịa, ebe Irving Stowe megidere Greenpeace na-elekwasị anya n'okwu ndị ọzọ karịa ngwa agha nuklia. Mgbe Irving Stowe nwụsịrị na 1975, Phyllis Cormack ji ụgbọ mmiri si Vancouver gaa ihu ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri Soviet n'ụsọ oké osimiri California. Ndị na-akwado Greenpeace kpasuru azụ azụ site n'itinye onwe ha n'etiti ụbọ akwara na whale, na ihe nkiri nke ngagharị iwe ahụ gbasaara gburugburu ụwa. Mgbe e mesịrị na 1970s, nzukọ ahụ gbasaara nlebara anya ya na-agụnye nsị nsị na ịchụ nta akara azụmahịa. Greenpeace bipụtara "Greenpeace Declaration of Interdependence" na ''Greenpeace Chronicles'' (Winter 1976-77). Nkwupụta a bụ mkpirisi nke ọtụtụ ihe ngosi gburugburu ebe obibi Bob Hunter dere kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ. === Ọganihu nke nzukọ === [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_ship_"Esperanza"_off_Gravesend.jpg|thumb|[[MV Esperanza|MV]] Esperanza, onye bụbu onye na-agbanyụ ọkụ nke ndị agha mmiri Russia, bụ nke Greenpeace maliteghachiri n'afọ 2002.]] Greenpeace sitere n'otu ìgwè ndị Canada na ndị America na-eme ngagharị iwe gaa n'otu ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị echebara echiche nke ndị na-emegide omenala na ndị ntorobịa hippie nke afọ 1960 na 1970.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rexweyler.com/greenpeace/|title=Greenpeace|publisher=Rex Weyler|date=1 March 1954|accessdate=6 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110612061135/http://rexweyler.com/greenpeace/|archivedate=12 June 2011}}</ref> Ọnọdụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ọdịbendị nke Greenpeace sitere na ya mara ọkwa oge nke iwepụ ọnọdụ site na ihe ndị mere n'ụwa ochie ma chọọ ịmepụta ụkpụrụ ọhụrụ nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na eze, gburugburu ebe obibi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref name="odysseu">Robert Hunter: Greenpeace to Amchitka, An Environmental Odyssey</ref> N'etiti afọ ndị 1970 ndị otu nwere onwe ha na-eji aha Greenpeace malitere ịpụta n'ụwa niile. Ka ọ na-erule 1977, e nwere ìgwè Greenpeace 15 ruo 20 gburugburu ụwa.<ref name="Weyler" /> N'otu oge ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace nke Canada ji nnukwu ụgwọ. Esemokwu dị n'etiti ọfịs maka ịnakọta ego na ntụziaka nhazi kewara òtù zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọfịs North America na-ala azụ ịnọ n'okpuru ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ Canada.<ref name="Weyler">{{Cite web|author=Weyler, Rex|url=http://www.utne.com/web_special/web_specials_archives/articles/2246-4.html|title=Waves of Compassion. The founding of Greenpeace|pages=14–15|publisher=Utne.com|accessdate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071014213711/http://www.utne.com/web_special/web_specials_archives/articles/2246-4.html|archivedate=14 October 2007}}</ref> Mgbe ihe omume nke Moruroa Atoll gasịrị, David McTaggart kwagara France ịga agha n'ụlọikpe na steeti France ma nyere aka ịzụlite nkwado nke European Greenpeace otu. David McTaggart nwere mmasị na Canadian Greenpeace Foundation ịnakwere usoro ọhụrụ na-eweta ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace gbasasịrị n'okpuru nkwado nke otu ọgbakọ zuru ụwa ọnụ. European Greenpeace kwụrụ ụgwọ ụlọ ọrụ Canada Greenpeace na 14 October 1979, Greenpeace International malitere ịdị adị. N'okpuru usoro ọhụrụ ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara nyere otu pasent nke ego ha na-enweta na òtù mba ụwa, bụ ndị weghaara ọrụ maka ịhazi ntụziaka n'ozuzu nke mmegharị ahụ na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara ọ bụla nwere otu votu. Ụfọdụ otu Greenpeace, ya bụ [[London]] Greenpeace (gbasara na 2001) na Greenpeace Foundation nke dị na United States (ka na-arụ ọrụ) agbanyeghị na ha kpebiri ịnọrọ onwe ya na Greenpeace International. Tinyere ọtụtụ NGO ndị ọzọ, Greenpeace bụ isiokwu nke nyocha na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na nke na-enweghị isi site na US Federal Bureau of Investigation n'etiti afọ 2001 na 2005. Inspector General nke US Justice Department kpebiri na e nwere "obere ma ọ bụ enweghị ihe ndabere" maka nyocha ahụ nakwa na ọ mere ka FBI nye ozi na-ezighị ezi na nke na-eduhie eduhie na United States Congress.<ref name="Atlantic10">{{Cite news|author=Cohen|first=Andrew|title=OIG: FBI Inappropriately Tracked Domestic Advocacy Groups|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2010/09/oig-fbi-inappropriately-tracked-domestic-advocacy-groups/63276/|accessdate=22 September 2020|work=The Atlantic|date=20 September 2010}}</ref><ref name="ABCNews10">{{Cite news|author=Cloherty|first=Jack|title=FBI Spied on PETA, Greenpeace, Anti-War Activists|url=https://abcnews.go.com/News/Blotter/fbi-spied-peta-greenpeace-anti-war-activists/story?id=11682844|accessdate=22 September 2020|work=ABC News|language=en}}</ref><ref name="LATimes10">{{Cite news|author=Serrano|first=Richard A.|title=FBI improperly investigated activists, Justice Department review finds|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-sep-21-la-na-fbi-activists-20100921-story.html|accessdate=22 September 2020|work=Los Angeles Times|date=21 September 2010}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, Greenpeace UK malitere akwụkwọ akụkọ nyocha akpọrọ Unearthed.<ref name="Guardian Unearthed launch">{{Cite news|author=Jackson|first=Jasper|title=Greenpeace hires team of investigative journalists|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2015/sep/09/greenpeace-hires-investigative-journalists-meiron-jones|accessdate=4 July 2021|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=9 September 2015|language=en}}</ref> == Ọdịdị nzukọ == === Ọchịchị === [[Usòrò:GPIgovernance&management.png|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọchịchị na usoro nchịkwa nke Greenpeace.]] Greenpeace nwere ''Greenpeace International'' (nke a na-akpọ Stichting Greenpeace Council) nke dị na Amsterdam, [[Netherlands]], na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara 25 na-arụ ọrụ na mba 55.<ref name="organization">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured|title=Greenpeace, organization|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=13 November 2008|accessdate=3 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117224158/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/|archivedate=17 January 2011}}</ref> Ọfịs mpaghara na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'okpuru nlekọta nke Greenpeace International. Ndị otu Greenpeace International na-ahọpụta onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace. Onye nduzi oge nke Greenpeace International bụ Mads Flarup Christensen na ndị isi oche oge nke Board bụ Marcelo Iniarra na David Tong.<ref name="executive director">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/International-Executive-Director/|title=Greenpeace International, Executive Director|date=15 January 2016|publisher=Greenpeace.org|accessdate=20 May 2016|archivedate=31 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160531012955/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/International-Executive-Director/}}</ref><ref name="Board">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure/board|title=Greenpeace International, Board of Directors|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=21 April 2011|accessdate=9 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426110930/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure/board|archivedate=26 April 2008}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/explore/about/governance/|title=Governance}}</ref> Greenpeace nwere ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo 2,400 na 15,000 n'ụwa niile. Ọfịs mpaghara ọ bụla na-eduzi site na onye isi nchịkwa mpaghara nke ndị nduzi mpaghara họpụtara. Ndị isi mpaghara na-ahọpụta onye nlekọta na Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Greenpeace International, ebe ndị nlekọta na-ahọrọ ma ọ bụ wepụ ndị nduzi nke Greenpeace Internacional. Ọrụ nzukọ ezumezu a na-eme kwa afọ bụkwa ikwurịta ma kpebie ụkpụrụ zuru oke na okwu ndị dị mkpa maka Greenpeace na mmekorita ya na ndị nlekọta nke ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara na ndị nduzi Greenpeace International.<ref name="governance">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure|title=Governance Structure|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=11 April 2011|accessdate=23 November 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206184126/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/how-is-greenpeace-structured/governance-structure/|archivedate=6 December 2010}}</ref> [[Usòrò:DDC-GP.JPG|thumb|Onye na-anakọta ego n'okporo ámá Greenpeace na-agwa onye na-agafe agafe]] Greenpeace na-enweta ego ya site n'aka ndị na-akwado ya na ntọala.<ref name="GPI-FAQ">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/faq/questions-about-greenpeace-in|title=Greenpeace International FAQ: Questions about Greenpeace in general|publisher=Greenpeace.org|date=8 January 2009|accessdate=21 February 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411091859/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/about/faq/questions-about-greenpeace-in|archivedate=11 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="HBS">{{Cite web|first=Sarah Jane|author=Gilbert|url=http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html|title=Harvard Business School, HBS Cases: The Value of Environmental Activists|publisher=Hbswk.hbs.edu|date=8 September 2008|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=10 October 2009|archiveurl=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20091010181022/http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5797.html}}</ref> Ọ na-enyocha onyinye niile dị mkpa iji hụ na ọ naghị enweta onyinye ndị a na-achọghị.<ref name="funding">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/belgium/nl/press/reports/fundraisingpolicies.pdf|title=Greenpeace Fundraising policies|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=21 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090521060113/http://www.greenpeace.org/raw/content/belgium/nl/press/reports/fundraisingpolicies.pdf}}</ref> Ewezuga Netherlands' National Postcode Lottery, nnukwu lọtrị gọọmentị na-akwado na mba ahụ, nzukọ ahụ anaghị anabata ego sitere na gọọmentị, òtù gọọmentị etiti, òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ iji zere mmetụta ha.<ref name="GPI-FAQ" /><ref name="HBS" /><ref name="funding" /> Ajụjụ onyinye sitere na ntọala ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwado ma ọ bụ na-enweta ọtụtụ ego ha sitere na gọọmentị ma ọ bụ otu gọọmentị etiti. A na-ajụkwa onyinye ntọala ma ọ bụrụ na ntọala ahụ jikọtara ọnọdụ enweghị ezi uche, mgbochi ma ọ bụ mgbochi na ọrụ Greenpeace ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na onyinye ahụ ga-emebi nnwere onwe na ebumnuche nke nzukọ a. Ebe ọ bụ na n'etiti 1990s ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-akwado malitere ibelata, Greenpeace sụrụ ụzọ n'iji ego ego ihu na ihu ebe ndị na-akwado ego na-achọsi ike na-achọ ndị na-akwado ọhụrụ n'ebe ọha na eze, na-edebanye aha ha maka onyinye nkwụnye ụgwọ kwa ọnwa. Na 2008, ihe ka ukwuu n'ime €202.5 nde nke nzukọ ahụ natara bụ ihe dị ka nde 2.6 ndị na-akwado oge niile, tumadi si Europe. N'afọ 2014, ego a na-enweta kwa afọ nke nzukọ ahụ bụ ihe dị ka nde euro 300 (US $ 400) n'agbanyeghị na ha tụfuru ihe dị ka nde €4 (US $ 5) na ntule ego n'afọ ahụ. Na Septemba 2003, Watch Interest Watch (PIW) mere mkpesa na Internal Revenue Service na nkwụghachi ụtụ Greenpeace US ezighi ezi yana megidere iwu. IRS mere nyocha buru ibu wee kwubie na Disemba 2005 na Greenpeace USA gara n'ihu na-eru eru maka ọkwa enweghị ụtụ isi ya. Na Maachị 2006 Akwụkwọ akụkọ Wall Street Journal kọrọ na "ịgba akwụkwọ ụtụ isi gọọmentị etiti nke PIW, nke na-ekpuchi August 2003 ruo July 2004, kwuru na $120,000 n'ime $124,095 otu ahụ natara n'onyinye n'oge ahụ sitere na Exxon Mobil". N'afọ 2013, mgbe IRS mechara nyocha nleba anya, nke dị ọcha ọzọ, yana, na-agbaso nkwupụta nke nyocha IRS nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke otu ndị jikọrọ aka na Tea Party, GreenPeace US Executive Director Phil Radford kpọrọ oku maka nyocha nke Congressional na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị niile. nyocha mkpali - gụnyere ndị eboro ebubo na ha na-ezubere iche maka Tea Party Movement, NAACP, na Greenpeace. === Mgbanwe dijitalụ === Onye isi nchịkwa mba ụwa bụ Kumi Naidoo kwupụtara na 2009 Copenhagen Climate Change Conference bụ "nnukwu ọdịda" ma gosipụta na nzukọ ahụ chere oge "ọkụ ọkụ" ihu. Naidoo gbara ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace ume ka ha nabata atụmatụ na usoro ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ tinye onwe ha n'ihe ize ndụ.<ref name="Joslyn">{{Cite web|author=Joslyn|first=Heather|date=14 June 2018|title=A Group Born at Greenpeace Spreads Ideas About Grass-Roots Advocacy|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/a-group-born-at-greenpeace-spreads-ideas-about-grass-roots-advocacy/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref> Iji mezuo atụmatụ ọhụrụ a kwadoro na 2010, Greenpeace goro Michael Silberman iwu "Digital Mobilisation Centre of Excellence" na 2011, nke ghọrọ Mobilisation Lab ("MobLab").<ref name="Joslyn">{{Cite web|author=Joslyn|first=Heather|date=14 June 2018|title=A Group Born at Greenpeace Spreads Ideas About Grass-Roots Advocacy|url=https://www.philanthropy.com/article/a-group-born-at-greenpeace-spreads-ideas-about-grass-roots-advocacy/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=www.philanthropy.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Mobilisation Lab|date=2022|title=Key Resources from Mobilisation Lab|url=https://commonslibrary.org/key-resources-from-mobilisation-lab/|accessdate=20 June 2022|work=Commons Social Change Library}}</ref> Ezubere dị ka isi iyi nke omume kachasị mma, nnwale, na mmepe atụmatụ, MobLab lekwasịrị anya n'ịbawanye ikike dijitalụ na ịkwalite mkpọsa obodo na mba 42.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our Roots|url=https://mobilisationlab.org/about/our-roots/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=MobLab|language=en-US|archivedate=1 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201202958/https://mobilisationlab.org/about/our-roots/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Radford|first=Philip|date=20 July 2011|title=Greenpeace to Launch Global Digital Innovation Lab; Hires Michael Silberman, Online Pioneer, To Lead Initiative|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/greenpeace-to-launch-glob_b_904378|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=HuffPost|language=en}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2017, MobLab si na Greenpeace pụta site na itinye ego nke Greenpeace na CIVICUS World Alliance for Citizen Participation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Announcing a MobLab for your movement|url=https://mobilisationlab.org/stories/announcing-a-moblab-for-your-movement/|accessdate=17 November 2020|work=MobLab|date=March 2017|language=en-US|archivedate=3 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203071615/https://mobilisationlab.org/stories/announcing-a-moblab-for-your-movement/}}</ref> == Nchịkọta nke ihe ndị a na-ebute ụzọ na mkpọsa == Na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ya nke mba ụwa, Greenpeace na-akọwa ọrụ ya dị ka ndị a:<blockquote>Greenpeace bụ òtù na-eme mkpọsa n'onwe ya, nke na-eji esemokwu na-abụghị nke ime ihe ike, nke na'ichepụta ihe iji kpughee nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ, ma mepụta ihe ngwọta maka ọdịnihu na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ na nke udo. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ anyị bụ iji hụ na ụwa nwere ike ịzụlite ndụ n'ụdị ya niile. Nke ahụ pụtara na anyị chọrọ: * Kwụsị ka mbara ala ghara ikpo ọkụ karịa 1.5° iji gbochie mmetụta kachasị njọ nke mmebi ihu igwe. * Chekwaa [[Biodiversity|ụdị]] dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ụdị ya niile. * Mbelata oke oriri ma mụta ibi ndụ n'ime ihe anyị nwere. * Kwalite ike na-agbanwe agbanwe dị ka ihe ngwọta nke nwere ike inye ụwa ike. * Nkwado udo, iwepụ ngwá agha zuru ụwa ọnụ na enweghị ime ihe ike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/international/explore/about/values/|title=Our Values|accessdate=22 December 2019|archivedate=7 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207191654/https://www.greenpeace.org/international/explore/about/values/}}</ref> </blockquote> == Ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ike == [[Usòrò:Tove_Ryding_(Greenpeace)_(4565188365).jpg|thumb|Tove Maria Ryding, na ọrụ ya n'oge ahụ dị ka onye nhazi iwu ihu igwe nke Greenpeace, na nnọkọ site na Bonn ruo Cancun, 2010]] [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_Climate_March_2015_Madrid.jpg|thumb|Greenpeace ihu igwe March 2015 na Madrid]] Greenpeace bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ chepụtara ọnọdụ mmepe na-adigide maka mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe, nke o mere na 1993. Dị ka ndị ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze bụ Marc Mormont na Christine Dasnoy si kwuo, nzukọ a rụrụ ọrụ dị ukwuu n'ịzụlite mmata ọha na eze banyere okpomọkụ ụwa na 1990s. Greenpeace lekwasịrị anya na CFC, n'ihi ma ikike ha nwere ike ikpo ọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ yana mmetụta ha na oyi akwa ozone. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eduga ndị sonyere n'ịkwado iwepụta mmalite nke ihe na-emebi ozone na Protocol Montreal. Na mbido 1990s, Greenpeace mepụtara teknụzụ friji na-enweghị CFC, "Greenfreeze" maka mmepụta oke yana ụlọ ọrụ friji. United Nations Environment Programme nyere Greenpeace maka "atụnye ụtụ pụtara ìhè na nchekwa nke ozone oyi akwa ụwa" na 1997. N'afọ 2011, ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ ise nke mmepụta friji sitere na teknụzụ Greenfreeze, nke nwere ihe karịrị nde 600 na-eji. Ugbu a, Greenpeace na-ewere okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi kachasị na-eche ụwa ihu. Ọ na-akpọ oku ikuku griin haus zuru ụwa ọnụ ka ọ na-arị elu na 2015 na ibelata nso zero dị ka o kwere mee site na 2050. Iji ruo ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị a, Greenpeace kpọrọ mba ndị mepere emepe ka ha belata ihe ọkụkụ ha dịkarịa ala 40% site na 2020 (site na ọkwa 1990). na inye nnukwu ego maka mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe iji wulite ikike ike na-adịgide adịgide, ime mgbanwe na nsonaazụ a na-apụghị izere ezere nke okpomọkụ ụwa, na ịkwụsị igbutu osisi site na 2020. Tinyere EREC, Greenpeace ewepụtala ọnọdụ ike zuru ụwa ọnụ, "Energy [R] evolution. ", ebe a na-emepụta 80% nke ike zuru ụwa ọnụ site na mmeghari ohuru, na mpụta nke ngalaba ike na-ebelata ihe karịrị 80% nke ọkwa 1990 site na 2050. N'iji ihe eme ihe ozugbo, ndị otu Greenpeace emeela ngagharị iwe ọtụtụ oge megide coal site n'inwe ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ na igbochi mbupu coal na ọrụ Ngwuputa, n'ebe ndị dị ka New Zealand, Svalbard, Australia na United Kingdom. Greenpeace na-akatọkwa iwepụta mmanụ ala n'ájá mmanụ ma jiri ihe na-eme kpọmkwem gbochie ọrụ na ájá mmanụ Athabasca na Canada. === Ike mbara ala na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ === N'afọ 1999 Greenpeace Germany (NGO) tọrọ ntọala Greenpeace Energy, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ eletrik na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-enye ndị ahịa ya gas fossil gas malite na 2011. Mgbe mkpesa mgbasa ozi 2021 gbasara otu ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara Greenpeace na-ere mmanụ ọkụ nke akọwara dị ka akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbanwere ya. Aha ya bụ Green Planet Energy. Greenpeace Germany NGO na-ejigide otu òkè na mmekorita, nke a katọrọ maka "ịcha ahịhịa" gas Russia.   === Ikpe ụlọ ikpe Kingsnorth === N'October 2007, e jidere ndị ngagharị iwe Greenpeace isii maka ịwaba n'ọdụ ọkụ Kingnorth na Kent, England; na-arịgo 200-mita (600') anwụrụ anwụrụ ọkụ, na-ese aha Gordon na chimni (na-ekwu maka onye bụbu Prime Minister UK, Gordon Brown), ma na-akpata mmebi ihe ruru £ 30,000. N'ikpe ha na-esote, ha kwetara na ha gbalịrị imechi ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ, ma na-arụrịta ụka na a kwadoro ha n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro n'ihi na ha na-agbalị igbochi mgbanwe ihu igwe site na imebi ihe onwunwe n'ebe ndị ọzọ gburugburu ụwa. A nụrụ ihe akaebe sitere n'aka onye ndụmọdụ David Cameron na gburugburu ebe obibi Zac Goldsmith, ọkà mmụta sayensị ihu igwe James E. Hansen na onye isi Inuit si Greenland, na-ekwu na mgbanwe ihu igwe adịlarị na-emetụta ndụ gburugburu ụwa. A tọhapụrụ ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị isii ahụ. Ọ bụ ikpe mbụ ebe a na-eji igbochi mmebi ihe onwunwe nke mgbanwe ihu igwe kpatara dịka akụkụ nke nchekwa "ngọpụ ziri ezi" n'ụlọ ikpe. Ma Daily Telegraph na The Guardian kọwara ntọhapụ ahụ dị ka ihe ihere nye ndị ọrụ Brown. Na Disemba 2008, akwụkwọ akụkọ New York Times depụtara ntọhapụ ahụ na ndepụta kwa afọ nke echiche kacha emetụta nke ye. === "Gaa Karịa Mmanụ" === Dị ka akụkụ nke nguzo ha na azụmahịa ike mmeghari ohuru, Greenpeace ewepụtala mkpọsa "Go Beyond Mmanụ". Mgbasa ozi a lekwasịrị anya n'ibelata, ma mechaa kwụsị, oriri mmanụ n'ụwa; na mmemme ndị na-eme ihe ike na-eme megide ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-achụ ntanye mmanụ dị ka ọrụ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ọrụ mgbasa ozi "Go Beyond Oil" agbadoro anya n'ịgba mmanụ na Arctic na mpaghara ọdachi Deepwater Horizon metụtara. Ihe omume Greenpeace na Arctic etinyela aka na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha mmanụ na gas nke Edinburgh, Cairn Energy; na sitere na ngagharị iwe n'isi ụlọ ọrụ Cairn Energy ruo n'ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ha na mbọ iji kwụsị usoro ịgbapu mmiri. Mgbasa ozi "Go Beyond Oil" na-agụnyekwa itinye nrụgide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na gọọmentị ndị na-enye ohere nyocha mmanụ na mpaghara ha; na otu ahụ na-ekwu na otu n'ime ebumnuche dị mkpa nke mkpọsa "Go Beyond oil" bụ "ịrụ ọrụ iji kpughee ogologo ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ dị njikere ịga kpochapụ barrels ikpeazụ n'ala ma tinye nrụgide na ụlọ ọrụ na gọọmentịa ka ha gafee mmanụ".<ref name="GoBeyondOil">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oil|title=Go beyond oil|publisher=Greenpeace.org.uk|accessdate=6 June 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131103152843/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/oil|archivedate=3 November 2013}}</ref> === Ike nuklia ===   {| class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:18.5em;" ! class="sidebar-title" style="background:#f0f0f0;" |[[Anti-nuclear movement]] |- | class="sidebar-image" |[[File:Smiling_Sun_English_Language.svg|center|100x100px]] |- ! class="sidebar-heading" | By country |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="hlist"> * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Australia|Australia]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Austria|Austria]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Canada|Canada]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in France|France]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Germany|Germany]] * [[Nuclear power in India#Anti-nuclear protests|India]] * [[Nuclear energy in Ireland|Ireland]] * [[Anti-nuclear power movement in Japan|Japan]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Kazakhstan|Kazakhstan]] * [[New Zealand nuclear-free zone|New Zealand]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in the Philippines|Philippines]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Poland|Poland]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Russia|Russia]] * [[Koeberg Alert|South Africa]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in South Korea|South Korea]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Spain|Spain]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Sweden|Sweden]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in Switzerland|Switzerland]] * [[Nuclear power in Taiwan#Anti-nuclear movement|Taiwan]] * [[Human chain against nuclear plant in Turkey|Turkey]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] * [[Anti-nuclear movement in the United States|United States]] </div> |- ! class="sidebar-heading" | Lists |- | class="sidebar-content" | <div class="plainlist"> * [[List of anti-nuclear advocates in the United States|Anti-nuclear advocates]] * [[Anti-nuclear organizations|Anti-nuclear groups]] * [[Anti-nuclear protests|Protests by country]] </div> |- | class="sidebar-navbar" | |} Greenpeace na-emegide ike nuklia n'ihi na ọ na-ele ya anya dị ka "ihe ize ndụ, mmetọ, dị oke ọnụ na nke a na-apụghị imezigharị". Nzukọ ahụ gosipụtara ọdachi nuklia nke Chernobyl nke 1986 na ọdachi nuklea nke Fukushima nke 2011 dị ka ihe akaebe nke ihe ize ndụ nke ike nuklia nwere ike ịkpata ndụ ndị mmadụ, gburugburu ebe obibi na akụ na ụba. Greenpeace na-ele uru nke ike nuklia anya dị obere ma e jiri ya tụnyere nnukwu nsogbu na ihe ize ndụ ya, dị ka mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe izefices sitere na igwupụta uranium, mgbasa nke ngwá agha nuklia, na ajụjụ ndị a na-edozighị gbasara ihe mkpofu nuklia.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/nuclear/problems|title=Nuclear Problems|publisher=Greenpeace.org.uk|accessdate=23 November 2012|archivedate=20 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120620200301/http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/nuclear/problems}}</ref> Òtù a na-arụ ụka na ikike nke ike nuklia iji belata okpomọkụ ụwa dị ntakịrị, na-ezo aka na ọnọdụ ike nke IEA ebe mmụba nke ikike nuklia ụwa site na 2608 TWh na 2007 ruo 9857 TWh site na 2050 ga-ebelata ikuku ikuku griin ha na-erughị 5% na chọrọ nkeji iri atọ na abụọ nke ikike 1000 MW wuru kwa afọ ruo 2050. Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo, oge ihe owuwu na-adịghị ngwa ngwa, igbu oge ihe owuwu, yana ọnụ ahịa zoro ezo na-emebi ikike mbelata ike nuklia. Nke a na-eme ka ọnọdụ IEA n'ụzọ teknụzụ na ego enweghị ezi uche. Ha na-arụkwa ụka na ijikọta nnukwu itinye ego na ike nuklia ga-ewepụ ego na ngwọta dị irè karị. Greenpeace na-ele owuwu nke ụlọ ọrụ nuklia Olkiluoto 3 na Finland dị ka ihe atụ nke nsogbu dị n'ịrụ ike nuklia ọhụrụ. N'afọ 2022, Greenpeace yiri egwu ịgba European Union akwụkwọ mgbe ọ tụụrụ aro ka a kọwaa ike nuklia dị ka teknụzụ "akwụkwọ ndụ" nke na-enyere mba aka belata ikuku CO2.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Abnett|first=Kate|date=2023-02-09|title=Greenpeace to sue EU over 'green' label for gas and nuclear|language=en|work=Reuters|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/greenpeace-sue-eu-over-green-label-gas-nuclear-2023-02-09/}}</ref> Greenpeace mere emume nkwụsị nke ike nuklia na Germany na 2023.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Greenpeace celebrates end of Germany's nuclear era with T.Rex dinosaur|url=https://www.euronews.com/video/2023/04/15/greenpeace-celebrates-end-of-germanys-nuclear-era-with-trex-dinosaur|work=euronews|format=Video|date=15 April 2023|language=en}}</ref> N'oge ahụ, Germany na-enwe nsogbu ike ma na-adabere na coal na gas maka mmepụta ike.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-04-16|title=Climate activists in Germany rejoice at wind-down of nuclear plants|url=https://www.euronews.com/2023/04/16/climate-activists-in-germany-rejoice-at-wind-down-of-the-last-nuclear-plants|work=euronews|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kappeler|first=Laura Paddison Nadine Schmidt Inke|date=2023-04-15|title='A new era': Germany quits nuclear power, closing its final three plants|url=https://www.cnn.com/2023/04/15/europe/germany-nuclear-phase-out-climate-intl/index.html|work=CNN|language=en}}</ref> ==== Mgbasa ozi na-emegide nuklia ==== Na 1994, Greenpeace bipụtara mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbochi nuklia nke gụnyere nkwupụta na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia dị na Sellafield ga-egbu mmadụ 2,000 n'ime afọ 10 sochirinụ, na ihe onyonyo nke nwatakịrị metụtara hydrocephalus kwuru na ọ bụ onye nyocha nke ngwa agha nuklia na Kazakhstan. . Ndị na-ahụ maka ụkpụrụ mgbasa ozi lere nkwupụta gbasara Sellafield anya dị ka nke enweghị isi, enweghị ntọala sayensị ọ bụla. Nke a butere machibido mgbasa ozi ahụ. Greenpeace anabataghị mmejọ, na-ekwu na otu dọkịta Kazakhstan kwuru na ọnọdụ nwatakịrị ahụ bụ n'ihi ule nuklia n'agbanyeghị na a naghị anwale ngwa agha nuklia na Sellafield. ==== EDF na-enyocha ikpe na mkpesa ==== N'afọ 2011, ụlọ ikpe France tara Électricité de France (EDF) € 1.5m ma tụọ ndị ọrụ abụọ dị elu maka nledo na Greenpeace, gụnyere ịbanye na sistemụ kọmputa Greenpeace. Enyere Greenpeace € 500,000 na mmebi. Ọ bụ ezie na EDF kwuru na a na-arụ ọrụ nchekwa naanị iji nyochaa Greenpeace, ụlọ ikpe ahụ ekwetaghị, tụọ onye isi na osote onye isi ọrụ nchekwa nuklia EDF maka afọ atọ ọ bụla. EDF rịọrọ ikpe ahụ, a kpochapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na nkata nledo na Greenpeace ma kagbuo ntaramahụhụ ahụ. Ndị ọrụ abụọ nke ụlọ ọrụ nchekwa, Kargus, nke onye bụbu onye ọrụ nzuzo France na-agba, nwetara ikpe nke afọ atọ na afọ abụọ n'otu n'otu. === Ozone layer na Greenfreeze === [[Usòrò:Greenfreeze.jpg|thumb|Peter Melchett, aka nri, (mgbe ahụ ED nke Greenpeace UK) na Malcolm Walker, (Chairman Iceland Frozen Foods) na Greenfreeze friji, 1998]] Okpokoro ozone gbara ụwa gburugburu na-amịkọrọ nnukwu radieshon ultraviolet. Akụkọ 1976 sitere n'aka Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sayensị nke United States kwadoro echiche ozone "nkwụsị ike". A kọrọ na ọ nwere nnukwu mfu sitere na chlorinated na nitrogenous ogige n'afọ 1985. Nnyocha ndị mbụ emewo ka ụfọdụ mba tinye iwu mmachibido iwu nke ikuku ikuku, nke mere na e debanyere Mgbakọ Vienna na 1985 na 1985 Montreal Protocol bịanyere aka na 1987 iji malite ike mgbe afọ abụọ gasịrị. . Iji CFC na HCFC na refrigeration so na teknụzụ amachibidoro. Otu ụlọ ọrụ nkà na ụzụ German mepụtara ihe refrigerant ọzọ nke ozone-safe hydrocarbon nke batara n'uche onye mgbasa ozi Greenpeace gburugburu 1992. Enyere ikike nke teknụzụ ahụ na Greenpeace, bụ nke debere ya dị ka patent mepere emepe. E mechara jiri teknụzụ ahụ na Germany, emesia China, ebe ọzọ na Europe, yana afọ ole na ole na Japan na South America, na n'ikpeazụ na US site na 2012. == Mgbalị ime ọhịa == [[Usòrò:Marșul_pentru_Păduri.jpg|thumb|Oké ọhịa March, 2019]] [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_Tanz_auf_Hausfassade_09.jpg|thumb|Ihe omume Greenpeace na Switzerland iji mee ka a mara iji chebe ọhịa, 2023]] Greenpeace bu n'obi ichekwa oke ọhịa ndị na-adịghị emebi emebi site na igbutu na nbibi site na ebumnuche nke igbutu osisi efu site na 2020. Nzukọ a boro ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ka Unilever, Nike, KFC, Kit Kat na McDonald's ebubo na ha nwere njikọ na igbutu ọhịa nke ebe okpomọkụ. na-akpata mgbanwe iwu n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Greenpeace, ya na ndị NGO ndị ọzọ gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, gbakwara ọkwa maka afọ iri ka EU machibido ibubata osisi iwu na-akwadoghị. EU kpebiri machibido osisi iwu na-akwadoghị na Julaị 2010. Dị ka igbutu osisi na-enye aka na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, Greenpeace arịọla ka REDD (Mbelata Emission sitere na mbibi na mbibi nke ọhịa) kwesịrị ịgụnye na nkwekọrịta ihu igwe na-esote Protocol Kyoto. Otu Greenpeace ọzọ gbasara oke ohia mmiri ozuzo na-akụda ụlọ ọrụ nkwụ. The ije bụ ihe kasị arụ ọrụ na Indonesia ebe ugbua 6 nde hectare (23,000 sq. mi.) na-eji maka nkwụ mmanụ ubi na nwere atụmatụ ọzọ 4 nde hectare (15,000 sq. mi.) site 2015. Nkwenye na uka mmepụta nke ọzọ. mmanụ nkwụ nwere ike ịkpata oke ohia dị iche iche, Greenpeace na-agbasi mbọ ike megide mmepụta ahụ, na-agba ndị ụlọ ọrụ na gọọmentị ume ka ha tụgharịa n'ụdị akụrụngwa ike ndị ọzọ. Otu n'ime nsonaazụ dị mma nke mkpọsa ahụ bụ GAR (Golden Agri-Resources), ụlọ ọrụ nke abụọ na-emepụta mmanụ nkwụ n'ụwa, na-ekpebi itinye onwe ya n'ichekwa oke ọhịa. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ nkwekọrịta nke na-egbochi ha ịmepụta ihe ọkụkụ na mpaghara ebe a na-ekpochi nnukwu carbon. N'akụkụ nkwado, ihe atụ nke ịga nke ọma Greenpeace na mpaghara ahụ bụ vidiyo viral sitere na 2016 na-eme mkpesa maka ojiji Nestlé na-eji nkwụ n'ụlọ mmanya Kit Kat. Vidio ahụ nwetara ihe karịrị nde 1, wee rụpụta nkwupụta ọha site na Nestlé na-ekwu na ha anaghịzi eji omume dị otú ahụ na ngwaahịa ha. N'afọ 2018, Greenpeace weputara obere ihe nkiri nke nwere orangutan akụkọ ifo aha ya bụ Rang-tan tupu ụbọchị Orangutan nke ụwa. Na Nọvemba 2018, Clearcast nke UK gọnarịrị ụdị vidiyo Rang-tan dịka Iceland Foods Ltd nyefere ya. === Iwepụ osisi oge ochie === Na June 1995, Greenpeace weere ogwe osisi sitere n'oké ọhịa nke ogige ntụrụndụ mba a tụrụ aro nke Koitajoki na Ilomantsi, Finland ma tinye ya na ngosi na ihe ngosi emere na Austria na Germany. Greenpeace kwuru na nnọkọ mgbasa ozi na osisi ahụ sitere na mpaghara osisi n'ime ọhịa oge ochie nke kwesịrị ichebe ya. Metsähallitus boro Greenpeace ebubo izu ohi wee kwuo na osisi ahụ sitere n'oké ọhịa nkịtị wee hapụ ya ka ọ kwụ ọtọ n'ihi agadi ya. Metsähallitus kwukwara na osisi ahụ dara n'ụzọ n'oge oké ifufe. Ihe omume ahụ nwetara mgbasa ozi na Finland, dịka ọmụmaatụ na nnukwu akwụkwọ akụkọ Helsingin Sanomat na Ilta-Sanomat. Greenpeace zaghachiri na osisi ahụ adaala n'ihi na ekpochapụrụ oke ọhịa na-echebe gburugburu ya, nakwa na ha chọrọ ime ka ọnọdụ ọhịa ochie pụta ìhè n'ozuzu, ọ bụghị akara nke otu osisi. Greenpeace mekwara ka Metsähallitus kweta uru ọhịa ahụ emesịa ka Metsähallitus na-ezo aka ugbu a na Koitajoki dị ka mpaghara pụrụ iche n'ihi oke ọhịa ochie ya. === Nsogbu mmanụ nkwụ nke Wilmar International === Nnyocha 2018 nke Greenpeace International mere chọpụtara na Wilmar International (onye na-ere mmanụ nkwụ kacha ukwuu n'ụwa) ka nwere njikọ na mbibi oke ọhịa na mpaghara Indonesia nke Papua. Ụlọ ọrụ jikọrọ ọnụ, Gama, nke ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ Wilmar na-elekọta, akpatala igbutu osisi okpukpu abụọ karịa Paris. Greenpeace kpọkwara Wilmar maka imebi nkwa ha 2013 iji kwụsị igbutu osisi, bụ nke ha kwere nkwa iwebata organic na ụzọ dịgidere iji nakọta mmanụ nkwụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Greenpeace weputara mmanụ nkwụ Gama mebere na ụdị ụwa niile gụnyere P&G, Nestlé na Unilever. === Nsogbu Ngwongwo Ọhịa === Ụlọ ọrụ na-egbutu osisi Resolute Forest Products gbara Greenpeace akwụkwọ ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe afọ 2013. N'afọ 2020, ụlọ ikpe dị na California nyere Resolute iwu ka ọ kwụọ US $ 816,000 na nzukọ ahụ iji kpuchie mmefu nke usoro iwu mgbe a jụrụ nkwupụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'otu ikpe 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Stackl|first=Valentina|title=Judge Orders Resolute Forest Products to Pay Almost 1 Million Dollars to Greenpeace|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/resolute-to-pay-almost-1-million-dollars-to-greenpeace/|work=Greenpeace USA|accessdate=6 May 2020|archivedate=28 April 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428225354/https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/news/resolute-to-pay-almost-1-million-dollars-to-greenpeace/}}</ref> Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-emerụ oké ọhịa Boreal nke Canada. Greenpeace na-azọrọ na Boreal Forests nwere ọbụna karịa Tropical Forests ma ya mere dị ezigbo mkpa iji chebe ihu igwe ụwa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Moas|first=Amy|title=Clearcutting Free Speech|url=https://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/boreal/clearcutting-free-speech/|work=Greenpeace USA|accessdate=6 May 2020|archivedate=28 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228171054/http://www.greenpeace.org/usa/forests/boreal/clearcutting-free-speech/}}</ref> == Tokyo nke Abụọ ==   N'afọ 2008, ndị na-akwado Greenpeace abụọ na-emegide ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri, Junichi Sato na Toru Suzuki, zuru ikpe anụ whale n'ebe a na-ebuga ibu na Aomori prefecture, Japan. Ihe ha bu n’obi bụ ikpughe ihe ha chere na a na-ezumike anụ a na-achịkọta n’oge a na-achụ nta whale. Mgbe nyocha nkenke nke ebubo ha kwụsịrị, Sato na Suzuki boro ebubo izu ohi na ịpụ. Amnesty International kwuru na njide na ndị na-esochi mwakpo a wakporo ụlọ ọrụ Greenpeace Japan na ụlọ nke ise ndị ọrụ Greenpeace bụ iji mee ka ụjọ jide ndị na-eme ihe ike na ndị otu na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị. A mara ha ikpe maka izu ohi na imebi iwu na Septemba 2010 site n'ụlọ ikpe Aomori. == Genetically modified organisms (GMO) == [[Usòrò:Kurt_Wenner_Greenpeace.jpg|thumb|Ndị otu European Union na Brussels gosipụtara mkpesa nke 1 nde bịanyere aka megide GMO, 2010]] Greenpeace akwadowokwa ịjụ nri GM sitere na US na Zambia na-agụnụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụrụhaala na ihe oriri nke ọka na-abụghị nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị, na-ekwu na US "kwesịrị ịgbaso nzọụkwụ nke European Union ma kwe ka ndị na-enweta enyemaka họrọ enyemaka nri ha, zụta ya n'ógbè ma ọ bụrụ na ha chọrọ. Omume a nwere ike ịkpali akụ na ụba na-emepe emepe ma mepụta nchekwa nri siri ike karị", na-agbakwụnye na, "ọ bụrụ na ndị Afrịka enweghị ihe ọzọ ọzọ, a ga-egwe ọka GE na-ese okwu ka a ghara ịkụ ya. Ọ bụ ọnọdụ a nyere ndị agbata obi Zambia Zimbabwe na Malawi ohere ịnabata ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/eat-this-or-die/|title=Eat this or die, The poison politics of food aid|publisher=Greenpeace|date=30 September 2002|accessdate=21 February 2011|archivedate=22 May 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100522155602/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/features/eat-this-or-die/}}</ref> Mgbe Zambia machibidochara enyemaka nri GM niile, onye bụbu minista ọrụ ugbo nke Zambia katọrọ, "otu mba dị iche iche nke mba ụwa kwuru na-akwado ihe gọọmentị mere ga-eji akọ na uche ha dị iche iche gbakọọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ." Banyere mkpebi nke Zambia, Greenpeace kwuru na, "o doro anya na anyị na ọ bụrụ na a na-enyeghị enyemaka na-abụghị GM mgbe ahụ ha kwesịrị ịnakwere ihe oriri GM kpamkpam. Ma gọọmenti Zambia kpebiri ịjụ nri GM. Anyị na-enye anyị. echiche nke gọọmentị Zambia na, dị ka ọtụtụ gọọmentị na-eme, ha leghaara ndụmọdụ anyị anya." N'afọ 2007, Greenpeace kwadoro nyocha nke Gilles-Éric Séralini n'ime ọka MON 863 nke na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa nke kwubiri na ọ kpatara nsogbu ahụike na òké ndị e ji mee ihe na nyocha ahụ. Nnyocha European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) na French Commission du Génie Biomoléculaire (AFBV) gosipụtara nnukwu njehie usoro na mbipụta ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 December 2010|title=New and expiring approvals for GM plants in Europe|url=http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/news/messages/200703.docu.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230200044/http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/news/messages/200703.docu.html|archivedate=30 December 2010|accessdate=17 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Les Organismes Génétiquement Modifiés, Annexe B. Avis de la commission du génie biomoléculaire sur l'étude statistique du CRIIGEN du maïs MON863|url=http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/system/files/d1b51c34d01.pdf|accessdate=17 April 2021|archivedate=13 July 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713131209/http://www.strategie.gouv.fr/system/files/d1b51c34d01.pdf}}</ref> Nnyocha ọzọ Séralini mere na GMO mere ka a katọọ aghụghọ sayensị na ntụgharị nke akwụkwọ ya.   Ọzọkwa na 2007 Greenpeace kpughere nsonaazụ Árpád Pusztai nke a tụgharịrị.<ref>{{Cite web|date=21 September 2011|title=Suppressed report shows cancer link to GM potatoes|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/suppressed-report-shows-cancer-link-to-gm-potatoes-436673.html|accessdate=17 April 2021|work=The Independent|language=en|archivedate=17 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417204832/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/suppressed-report-shows-cancer-link-to-gm-potatoes-436673.html}}</ref>   === Greenpeace na osikapa ọla edo === Greenpeace na-emegide atụmatụ iji osikapa ọla edo, ụdị osikapa Oryza sativa dị iche iche emepụtara site na injinịa mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ka biosynthesize beta-carotene, ihe na-ebute pro-vitamin A n'akụkụ osikapa a na-eri. A na-ahụ mgbakwunye beta-carotene na osikapa dị ka ihe na-egbochi ịhụ ụzọ na mba ndị dara ogbenye dara ogbenye ebe e bu n'obi kesaa osikapa ọla edo. Dị ka Greenpeace si kwuo, osikapa ọla edo enwebeghị ihe ọ bụla gbasara erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ ruo afọ 10 n'ime oge nke ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-alụ ọgụ erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ. Nhọrọ ọzọ nke Greenpeace tụrụ aro bụ ịkụda monocropping na ịbawanye mmepụta nke ihe ọkụkụ nke nwere nri na-edozi ahụ (nwere nri ndị ọzọ anaghị ahụ na osikapa ọla edo na mgbakwunye na beta-carotene). Greenpeace na-arụ ụka na a ga-eji ihe onwunwe eme ihe na mmemme ndị na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a ma na-enyere aka ịkwụsị erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ. Mgbanwe nke nchegbu ndị a dakọtara na mbipụta nke akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ akụkọ Nature banyere ụdị osikapa ọla edo nwere ọkwa dị elu nke beta carotene.<ref>Paine JA, Shipton CA, Chaggar S, Howells RM, Kennedy MJ, Vernon G, Wright SY, Hinchliffe E, Adams JL, Silverstone AL, Drake R (2005) A new version of Golden Rice with increased pro-vitamin A content. </ref> Syngenta mepụtara ma nye ya ikike, nke kpaliri Greenpeace ka ọ gbanwee ebubo ya na ebumnuche uru na-akpali ọrụ ahụ ma na-eje ozi dị ka mgbasa ozi iji bulie echiche ọha na eze banyere ngwaahịa GMO.<ref>Greenpeace. </ref> Ọ bụ ezie na Greenpeace kwuru na ezigbo arụmọrụ mmemme osikapa ọla edo n'ịgwọ ndị na-adịghị eri nri bụ isi ihe na-echegbu ya na mbido 2001, nkwupụta sitere na March na Eprel 2005 gara n'ihu na-ekwupụta nchegbu maka ahụike mmadụ na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Karịsịa, Greenpeace ekwupụtala nchegbu maka enweghị nyocha nchekwa a na-eme na ihe ọkụkụ GMO dị ka osikapa ọla edo na nke "na-egwu ndụ ndị mmadụ ... na-eji Golden Rice na-akwalite GMOs". NNa June 2016, otu ọgbakọ 107 Nobel Laureates bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na-agba Greenpeace ume ka ọ kwụsị mgbasa ozi ya megide mkpụrụ ndụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na Golden Rice. N'ime akwụkwọ ozi ahụ, ha kpọkukwara gọọmentị mba ụwa ka ha mee ihe niile ha nwere ike ime megide omume Greenpeace ma mee ka ndị ọrụ ugbo nweta ngwa ngwa niile nke usoro ihe ọmụmụ ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ, ọkachasị mkpụrụ ndị emelitere site na teknụzụ biotechnology. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ na-ekwu na "A ghaghị ịkwụsị mmegide dabeere na mmetụta uche na nkwenkwe megidere data." Greenpeace zara azịza na-ekwu na "Ebubo na onye ọ bụla na-egbochi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 'osikapa' ọla edo bụ ụgha" nakwa na ha na-akwado "... itinye ego n'ọrụ ugbo na-eguzogide ihu igwe na inye ndị ọrụ ugbo ike ịnweta nri kwesịrị ekwesị na nke na-edozi ahụ, kama ịwụsa ego ala. igbapu maka osikapa 'Golden' GE." == Ihe mkpofu na-egbu egbu == NNa Julaị 2011, Greenpeace wepụtara akụkọ ya Dirty Laundry na-ebo ụfọdụ ụdị ejiji na uwe egwuregwu kachasị elu n'ụwa na-ahapụ ihe mkpofu nsị n'ime osimiri China. Akụkọ a na-akọwa nsogbu mmetọ mmiri na-esi na mwepụta kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu metụtara ụlọ ọrụ akwa nke mba ahụ. Nnyocha e mere lekwasịrị anya na mkpofu mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ sitere na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị na China; otu nke Youngor Group dị na Yangtze River Delta na nke ọzọ na Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. nke dị na tributary nke Pearl River Delta. Nnyocha sayensị nke ihe nlele sitere na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ gosipụtara ọnụnọ nke kemịkalụ na-emebi homonụ dị ize ndụ na nke na-adịgide adịgide, gụnyere alkylphenols, ogige perfluorinated na perfluorooctane sulfonate. Akụkọ ahụ gara n'ihu kwupụta na Youngor Group na Well Dyeing Factory Ltd. - ụlọ ọrụ abụọ dị n'azụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ - nwere mmekọrịta azụmahịa na ọtụtụ ụdị uwe ejiji, gụnyere Abercrombie & Fitch, Adidas, Bauer Hockey, Calvin Klein, Converse, Cortefiel, H&M, Lacoste, Li Ning, Metersbonwe Group, Nike, Phillips-Van Heusen na Puma AG. N'afọ 2013, Greenpeace malitere mkpọsa "Detox Fashion", nke debanyere aha ụfọdụ ụdị ejiji iji kwụsị mbupụ nke kemịkal na-egbu egbu n'ime osimiri n'ihi mmepụta uwe ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/toxics/water/detox/|title=Detox|work=Greenpeace International|accessdate=26 June 2013|archivedate=29 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130629122618/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/toxics/water/detox/}}</ref> === Ntuziaka maka Green Electronics === N'August 2006, Greenpeace wepụtara mbipụta mbụ nke Guide to Greener Electronics, akwụkwọ akụkọ ebe a na-ahọrọ ndị na-emepụta ekwentị na PC maka ọrụ ndụ ndụ ha, dabere na iji ihe na-egbu egbu na ngwaahịa ha na e-ifufe. Na Nọvemba 2011, emelitere njirisi ahụ, ka ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-aga n'ihu kemgbe 2006, na ebumnuche iji nweta ụlọ ọrụ setịpụrụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ maka mbelata gas griin haus, iji ike emeghari ihe ruru 100%, na-emepụta ngwaahịa na-adịte aka na-enweghị ihe ndị dị ize ndụ. na ịba ụba omume na-adigide. Iji hụ na nghọta nke ọkwa ahụ na-enyocha ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ dabere na ozi ọha ha. Maka igosipụta amụma na omume ụlọ ọrụ, Greenpeace na-eji nnwale kemịkalụ nke ngwaahịa, akụkọ sitere na ndị na-ekiri ụlọ ọrụ, akụkọ mgbasa ozi na nnwale nke mmemme ndị ahịa iji lelee ma ha dabara na omume ha. Ebe ọ bụ na ewepụtara ntuziaka ahụ na 2006, yana mkpọsa ndị ọzọ yiri ya akwalitela ọtụtụ ndozi, mgbe ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụ kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu na ngwaahịa ha ma melite atụmatụ imegharị ihe. Nke ikpeazụ bipụtara mbipụta Guide to Greener Electronics bụ na 2017. Ụdị 2017 gụnyere 17 isi ụlọ ọrụ IT ma debe ha na njirisi atọ: iji ike mee ihe, oriri ihe onwunwe na mkpochapụ kemịkalụ. == Zọpụta Oké Osimiri Arctic ==   [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_polar_bear.JPG|thumb|Polar bear n'èzí ụlọ ọrụ Shell na London na Septemba, 2015]] N'ịga n'ihu na mkpọsa na-aga nke ọma iru Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, na 2012 na 2013 ngagharị iwe nwere ọkọlọtọ "Save the Arctic" malitere. Iji kwụsị ịkwọ mmanụ na gas, ịkụ azụ ụlọ ọrụ na ọrụ ndị agha na mpaghara Arctic kpamkpam, a chọrọ "ebe nsọ zuru ụwa ọnụ na nnukwu arctic" n'aka ndị isi ụwa na Mgbakọ Mba Ụwa: "Anyị chọrọ ka ha nyefee mkpebi UN. na-ekwupụta nchegbu mba ụwa maka Arctic." Mkpebi iji chebe anụ ọhịa na gburugburu ebe obibi adịghị ike. Ndị nchekwa osimiri Russia nwụchiri ndị ọrụ 30 sitere na MV Arctic Sunrise na 19 Septemba 2013 ka ha na-eme ngagharị iwe na ikpo okwu Gazprom's Prirazlomnaya. Ebubo ndị otu Greenpeace ebubo na ha na-apụnara mmadụ ihe, emesịa wedata ya na hooliganism, tupu ahapụ ya kpamkpam ka gọọmentị Russia gafere iwu mgbaghara. N'ọnwa Julaị 2014, Greenpeace malitere mgbasa ozi boycott zuru ụwa ọnụ iji mee ka Lego kwụsị imepụta ihe ụmụaka ji egwuri egwu na-ebu akara ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ Shell na nzaghachi na atụmatụ Shell na-egwupụta mmanụ na Arctic. Mmekọrịta Lego na Shell malitere na 1960, ọ bụ ezie na ụlọ ọrụ LEGO mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ akụkọ ifo a na-akpọ Octan. Octan apụtala n'ọtụtụ egwuregwu, kọmputa na egwuregwu njikwa, enwere ike ịhụ ya na ogige ntụrụndụ Legoland, ma gosipụta ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nke villain President Business na The Lego Movie na-eduzi. === Norway === E nwere esemokwu banyere mmanụ na Arctic Ocean n'etiti Gọọmentị Norway na Greenpeace. N'afọ 2013, ndị ọrụ atọ nke Greenpeace banyere n'ụgbọ mmanụ nke Statoil, na-eyi uwe anụ ọhịa bea. Dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Greenpeace Russia si kwuo, ha nọrọ n'ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ruo ihe dị ka awa atọ. A kpọgara ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na uwe bear n'ikpere mmiri. A kọrọ na Statoil ebughị n'obi itinye akwụkwọ megide ha. Greenpeace kwuru na atụmatụ igwu ala nke Statoil na-eyi Bear Island egwu, ebe a na-ebighị n'ebe obibi nke ụdị anụmanụ ndị dị ụkọ gụnyere anụ ọhịa bea, n'ihi na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịsacha mmanụ na Arctic n'ihi ọnọdụ siri ike.<ref>Offshore Technology.com. (30 May 2014). </ref> Greenpeace na-ele ọrụ mmanụ ala nke Statoil anya dị ka "iwu na-akwadoghị".<ref name="Hovland1">Hovland, K. (30 May 2014). </ref> Statoil agọnahụ nkwupụta Greenpeace. Dị ka The Maritime Executive (2014), Statoil si kwuo "Statoil na-akwanyere ikike ndị mmadụ nwere ime ngagharị iwe iwu ùgwù, anyị na-eche na ọ dị mkpa inwe arụmụka ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ. Anyị emeela atụmatụ siri ike maka ọrụ ahụ, ma nwee obi ike na enwere ike ịme ha n'enweghị nsogbu na n'enweghị ihe mberede. Na 27 Mee 2014, ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace, MV Esperanza, weghaara Transocean Spitsbergen, mmanụ mmanụ nke Statoil na Oké Osimiri Barents nke na ọ ghọrọ enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, onye njikwa Greenpeace Norway Truls Gulowsen zara ajụjụ ọnụ ekwentị, na-ekwu na "Ndị ngagharị iwe ise si na helikopta pụọ n'abalị ụnyaahụ na atọ laghachiri n'ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace dị nso." Enwere ndị ngagharị iwe asaa ọzọ na rig ahụ n'oge ahụ, mana ndị uwe ojii Norwegian enweghị ike iwepụ ha ozugbo n'ihi na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ bụ ọkọlọtọ nke mma nke edebanyere aha na Marshall Islands wee were ya dị ka ụgbọ mmiri dị n'oké osimiri, ọ bụrụhaala na ọ dị. amaliteghị mkpọ ala. Na 29 Mee, Otú ọ dị, ndị uwe ojii Norwegian nwụchiri ndị na-akwado asaa ahụ sitere na Greenpeace n'udo na rig. N'oge na-adịghị anya, dị ka Reuters si kwuo, a tọhapụrụ ndị ọrụ niile na-enweghị ntaramahụhụ ọ bụla. Na 30 Mee, ndị nchekwa osimiri Norwegian mechara dọpụ Esperanza, n'agbanyeghị na n'ụtụtụ Greenpeace nyefere arịrịọ nke edere ihe karịrị 80,000 mbinye aka na Minista gburugburu ebe obibi Norwegian Tine Sundtoft na Oslo. A kọrọ na gọọmentị Norway na ndị uwe ojii kwere ka ndị nche n'ụsọ osimiri dọkpụrụ ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace. Ndị uwe ojii Norway kwuru na Statoil gwara Greenpeace ka ọ kwụsị igbochi ọrụ ya, mana Greenpeace leghaara ịdọ aka ná ntị ahụ anya. Ndị uwe ojii ekwuola na ntinye aka Greenpeace na ọrụ mmanụ nke Statoil megidere iwu Norwegian ma nye Greenpeace iwu ịhapụ ebe Barents Sea.<ref name="Hovland1">Hovland, K. (30 May 2014). </ref> Statoil kwuru na igbu oge na mmalite nke igwu egwu na-efu ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ihe dị ka $ 1.26 nde kwa ụbọchị. Dị ka Reuters si kwuo, Statoil ga-amalite igwu "olulu mmanụ atọ na Apollo, Atlantis na Mercury na mpaghara Hoop, [nke dị] ihe dị ka kilomita 300 site na ala [nke Norway]" n'oge ọkọchị nke afọ 2014. Greenpeace anọgidewo na-akatọ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ maka "ịsacha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" ha, na-ekwu na Statoil zoro eziokwu ahụ na ọ na-eme oghere mmanụ dị ize ndụ site na ijide "Lego League" na Lego ma na-adọpụ uche ndị mmadụ na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ọ na-ekwukwa na Statoil ga-agbanwe àgwà ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. == Nkwụsị maka igwu ala miri emi n'oké osimiri na mmiri mba ụwa == Greenpeace sonyeere ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ ịkpọ oku maka nkwụsịtụ n'ịgbapụta ogbunigwe miri emi nke International Seabed Authority (ISA) nyere ikike n'okpuru nkwado nke UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Greenpeace na-ekwu na ngwuputa ihe ngwuputa na azụmahịa nke polymetallic nodules nwere ike imebi oke osimiri nke ụwa, nke na-eme ihe dị ka ikuku carbon na-amịkọrọ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke carbon anwuru n'ụwa kwa afọ. Òtù ahụ na-ekwu na ogbunigwe miri emi na-akpaghasịkwa ebe obibi nke ụdị a na-akọ ọhụrụ, site na crabs ruo whale ruo ejula na-adị ndụ na-erighị nri ma na-agbakọta n'akụkụ ikuku ọkụ bioluminescent. Greenpeace agbaala ndị International Seabed Authority ume ka ha wepụta n'ihu UNCLOS ụkpụrụ ntọala Nkeji edemede 136 "nke ihe nketa nke mmadụ niile" iji degharịa ụkpụrụ na ịtọ ebumnuche nchekwa. Na 2018 Greenpeace Research Laboratories na-akọ na nzukọ ahụ kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị ichebe ụdị mmiri dị iche iche sitere na nsị ewepụtara n'oge a na-egwupụta ala mmiri maka gas sitere n'okike na ọla ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe maka sel fotovoltaic. Greenpeace na-ekwusi ike na "pro-exploitation" ISA abụghị ikike kwesịrị ekwesị iji chịkwaa oghere miri emi (DSM). N'afọ 2019, ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na Greenpeace mere ngagharị iwe n'èzí nzukọ kwa afọ nke International Seabed Authority na Jamaica, na-akpọ maka nkwekọrịta oké osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ iji machibido igwu ala miri emi n'ebe nchekwa oké osimiri. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa Jamaica n'ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace, Esperanza, nke si na "Obodo furu efu n'etiti Atlantic", ebe Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọ na-eyi egwu site na nchọpụta.<ref>{{Cite web|date=23 July 2019|title=Greenpeace, JET protest against deep sea mining|url=https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20190723/greenpeace-jet-protest-against-deep-sea-mining-0|accessdate=24 April 2022|work=jamaica-gleaner.com|language=en}}</ref> == Ụgbọ mmiri == Kemgbe e guzobere Greenpeace, ụgbọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mkpọsa ya. Greenpeace agbaala ụgbọ mmiri ndị ọzọ dịka ọ dị mkpa. Ọ dịkarịa ala, e ji otu ụgbọ mmiri na-abụghị nke Greenpeace mee ihe n'oge mkpọsa 2008-11 nke nzukọ ahụ iji mebie ịnya ụgbọ mmiri na North Sea site na itinye nnukwu nkume n'ala oké osimiri wee nye ndị ọchịchị mpaghara chaatị emelitere nke ebe etinye nkume ndị ahụ. Ụgbọ mmiri niile nwere injin diesel ụgbọ mmiri. === N'ozi === [[Usòrò:AS_helsinki.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụgbọ mmiri Greenpeace [[MV Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic|MV]] Arctic Sunrise na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri [[Helsinki]].]] * Rainbow Warrior bụ ụgbọ mmiri nke atọ bu aha ahụ. Emere ya na 2011, a na-akpọ ya Rainbow Warrior III mgbe ụfọdụ.<ref name="COMM">{{Cite news|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/environment/news/article.cfm?c_id=39&objectid=10620814|title=Greenpeace commissions third Warrior|author=Vidal, John|date=18 January 2010|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=2 October 2011}}</ref> * [[MV Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic|MV ''Ọwụwa anyanwụ Arctic'']] * ''Onye Akaebe'' === N'oge gara aga n'ọrụ === ==== ''Onye Agha Mmiri'' Ozuzo Mbụ ====   N'afọ 1978, Greenpeace weputara Rainbow Warrior mbụ, onye 40-mita (130 ft), onye bụbu onye na-akụ azụ azụ aha ya bụ Warriors of the Rainbow, nke kpaliri Robert Hunter na njem mbụ na Amchitka. Greenpeace zụtara Rainbow Warrior (nke ewepụtara dị ka Sir William Hardy na 1955) na ọnụ ahịa £40,000. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo weghachiri eweghachi ma rụgharịa ya n'ime ọnwa anọ. Ebubere ya ka ọ kpasasịa ichu nta nke ụgbọ mmiri whaling Iceland, Rainbow Warrior ghọrọ isi ihe na mgbasa ozi Greenpeace ngwa ngwa. N'agbata 1978 na 1985, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-etinyekwa aka n'ihe kpọmkwem megide oke osimiri na-ekpofu nsị na-egbu egbu na redioaktivu, ichu nta isi awọ na Orkney na nyocha nuklia na Pacific. Na May 1985, ụgbọ ahụ bụ ngwá ọrụ maka 'Operation Exodus', nchụpụ nke ihe dị ka 300 Rongelap Atoll ndị bi n'àgwàetiti ahụ bụ ndị e merụrụ n'ụlọ ha site na nyocha nuklia US afọ iri abụọ gara aga nke a na-ehichabeghị ma na-enwe ahụike siri ike. mmetụta na ndị obodo. Mgbe e mesịrị na 1985, Rainbow Warrior ga-eduga ụgbọ mmiri ngagharị iwe n'ime mmiri gbara gburugburu Moruroa atoll, saịtị nke nnwale nuklia French. Nmikpu nke Warrior Rainbow mere mgbe gọọmentị France tụbara ụgbọ mmiri na nzuzo na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Auckland site n'iwu sitere n'aka François Mitterrand n'onwe ya. Nke a gburu onye na-ese foto na-enweghị onwe onye Dutch bụ Fernando Pereira, onye chere na ọ dị mma ịbanye n'ụgbọ mmiri iji nweta ihe foto ya mgbe obere mgbawa mbụ gbawara, mana mmiri riri ya n'ihi mgbawa nke abụọ. Mwakpo a bụ ọdachi mmekọrịta ọha na eze maka France mgbe ndị uwe ojii New Zealand kpughere ya ngwa ngwa. Gọọmentị France na 1987 kwetara ịkwụ ụgwọ New Zealand nke nde NZ$13 wee rịọ mgbaghara maka ogbunigwe ahụ. Gọọmenti France nyekwara ezinaụlọ onye na-ese foto ụgwọ ụgwọ ₣2.3. Mgbe e mesịrị, na 2001, mgbe Institute of Cetacean Research nke Japan kpọrọ Greenpeace "ndị na-eyi ọha egwu", Gert Leipold, onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace mgbe ahụ, kpọrọ nkwupụta ahụ asị, na-ekwu "ịkpọ ngagharị iwe na-adịghị eme ihe ike na-akparị ndị merụrụ ahụ ma ọ bụ gbuo na Mwakpo nke ezigbo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, gụnyere Fernando Pereira, nke ndị iyi ọha egwu steeti gburu na mwakpo 1985 na Rainbow Warrior". ==== ''Onye Agha'' Agba nke Abụọ ==== [[Usòrò:Greenpeace_Rainbow_Warrior.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ụgbọ mmiri nke abụọ nke Greenpeace bụ Rainbow Warrior rutere Bali maka nzukọ ihu igwe nke UN na 2007.]] N'afọ 1989, Greenpeace nyere iwu ka e jiri ụgbọ mmiri Rainbow Warrior dochie anya ya, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-akpọ ya Rainbow Warrion II. Ọ lara ezumike nká n'ọrụ na 16 Ọgọstụ 2011, ka ụgbọ mmiri nke ọgbọ nke atọ dochie ya. N'afọ 2005, Rainbow Warrior II kwụsịrị ma mebie Tubbataha Reef na Philippines mgbe ọ na-enyocha reef maka ịcha coral. A kwụrụ Greenpeace ụgwọ US $ 7,000 maka imebi nkume ahụ ma kweta ịkwụ ụgwọ ahụ na-ekwu na ha chere na ọ bụ ha kpatara mmebi ahụ, ọ bụ ezie na Greenpeace kwuru na gọọmentị Philippines enyewo ya chaatị ochie. Onye na-elekọta ogige ntụrụndụ nke Tubbataha nwere ekele maka ngwa ngwa Greenpeace mere iji nyochaa mmebi nke reef.<ref>[[BBC News]]. </ref> ==== Ndị ọzọ ==== * [[MV Sirius|MV ''Sirius'']] * [[MV Solo]] * [[MV Greenpeace|MV ''Greenpeace'']] * [[MV Gondwana|MV ''Gondwana'']] * [[:de:Beluga (Schiff)|MV]] [[:de:Beluga (Schiff)|''Beluga'']] (n'asụsụ German) * [[MV Esperanza]] == Mmeghachi omume na nzaghachi maka ọrụ Greenpeace == Edela akwụkwọ ikpe megide Greenpeace maka uru efu, mmebi aha na "ịgba ụgbọ mmiri". Okwu ikpe ikpeazụ, nke ewetara n'okpuru iwu a na-ekpebeghị ikpe kemgbe 1890, ka a na-ele anya dị ka mbọ ịbọ ọbọ nke ọchịchị Bush maka nkatọ Greenpeace banyere atumatu gburugburu ebe obibi ya. A kagburu ikpe ahụ mgbe ndị ọka iwu zuru ike, ebe ha emeghị ka ọ pụta ìhè. N'afọ 2004, ekpughere na gọọmentị Australia dị njikere ịnye ego enyemaka na Southern Pacific Petroleum na ọnọdụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ga-eme ihe gbasara iwu megide Greenpeace, bụ nke lụsoro ọgụ megide Stuart Oil Shale Project. Ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka Royal Dutch Shell, BP na Électricité de France emeghachila omume na mkpọsa Greenpeace site n'iledo ọrụ Greenpeace na ịbanye n'ọfịs Greenpeace. Ndị na-akwado Greenpeace abụrụla ndị a na-achọ ịpị ekwentị, iyi egwu ọnwụ, ime ihe ike na ọbụna iyi ọha egwu steeti n'ihe banyere ogbugbu nke Rainbow Warrior. Na 19 Mee 2023, Ọfịs onye ọka iwu Russia họpụtara GreenPeace dị ka ụlọ ọrụ na-adịghị mma, na-ebo ya ebubo na ọ na-etinye aka na ihe dị n'ime Russia, na-emebi akụ na ụba obodo, na itinye ego maka ọrụ nke ndị otu Russia ghọtara dị ka "ndị nnọchi anya mba ọzọ." == Nkatọ ==   === Akụkọ Patrick Moore dere === Patrick Moore, onye mbụ Greenpeace otu, hapụrụ nzukọ ahụ na 1986 mgbe ọ, dị ka Moore si kwuo, kpebiri ịkwado mmachibido iwu zuru ụwa ọnụ na chlorine na mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ. Moore ekwuola na GreenPeace taa bụ ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwali ya karịa sayensị nakwa na ọ nweghị onye "ndị nduzi ibe ya nwere agụmakwụkwọ sayensị ọ bụla". Bruce Cox, Director nke Greenpeace Canada, zara na Greenpeace ọ dịghị mgbe ọ chọrọ ka a machibido chlorine zuru ụwa ọnụ nakwa na Greenpeace adịghị emegide iji chlorine na mmiri ọṅụṅụ ma ọ bụ na-emepụta ọgwụ, na-agbakwụnye na "Mr. Moore bụ naanị ya na-echeta banyere ọgụ megide. chlorine na/ma ọ bụ iji sayensị mee ihe mere o ji hapụ Greenpeace." Paul Watson, onye mbụ na Greenpeace kwuru na Moore "na-eji ọnọdụ ya dị ka onye a na-akpọ onye na-akwado Greenpeace iji nye nkwenye na ebubo ya. Abụkwa m onye na-akwado Greenpeace na amaara m Patrick Moore maka 35. afọ [...][...] Moore na-ebo ebubo na-enweghị ihe ndabere n'ezie". N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, [olee mgbe?] Moore katọrọ mmasị nke Greenpeace na osikapa ọla edo, okwu nke ndị ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ọzọ dị ka Mark Lynas sonyela Moore, na-ekwupụta na Greenpeace “agbala mkpọsa nke ozi na-ezighi ezi, kpochapuru ndị sayensị na-ahụ maka ya. na-arụ ọrụ iji wetara ndị chọrọ ya Golden Rice, ma kwado mbibi ime ihe ike nke nnwale ubi Golden Rice." Patrick Moore tụgharịrị n'ọnọdụ ya na ike nuklia na 1976, buru ụzọ megide ya ma na-akwado ya ugbu a. N'akwụkwọ akụkọ Australia bụ The Age, o dere "Greenpeace ezighị ezi-anyị ga-atụle ike nuklia". Ọ na-arụ ụka na atụmatụ ọ bụla ezi uche dị na ya iji belata ịdabere na mmanụ ọkụ ma ọ bụ ikuku ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ chọrọ ịba ụba nke ike nuklia. Phil Radford, onye isi nchịkwa nke Greenpeace US zara na ike nuklia dị oke egwu, na-ewe ogologo oge iji wuo iji lebara mgbanwe ihu igwe anya, ma na-ekwu na ọtụtụ mba, gụnyere US, nwere ike ịgbanwe ruo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 100% ume ọhụrụ ka ọ na-ewepụ ike nuklia site na. 2050. === Tanka Brent Spar === Nnyocha e bipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị sitere n'okike boro Greenpeace ebubo na ọ naghị elebara eziokwu anya mgbe ọ katọrọ mwụfu ụgbọ mmiri Brent Spar, ma boro otu ahụ ebubo ikwubiga okwu ókè nke mmanụ echekwara na ụgbọ mmiri. Greenpeace kwuru na ụgbọ mmiri ahụ nwere tọn mmanụ 5,500, ebe Shell kwuru na ọ nwere naanị tọn 50. Agbanyeghị, emere nha ndị ahụ n'okpuru mmanye n'oge ngagharị iwe nke ikpo okwu, ebe Shell jụrụ ikike, na egbe mmiri na ihe ndị yiri ya na-awakpo ndị na-akwado Greenpeace. BBC rịọrọ Greenpeace mgbaghara maka ịkọrọ na NGO ụgha. Shell UK were afọ atọ iji nyochaa nhọrọ mkpofu, na-ekwubi na mkpofu nke tanker n'ime oke osimiri dị omimi bụ "Nhọrọ Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Kasị Mma" (BPEO), nhọrọ nke nwetara nkwado ụfọdụ n'ime akụkụ ụfọdụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, dịka ọ dị. ụfọdụ chọpụtara na ọ nwere mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi "na-enweghị atụ". Gọọmenti Britain na Oslo na Paris Commissions (OSPAR) nabatara ngwọta ahụ. Mgbasa ozi NGO nke si na ya pụta megide atụmatụ Shell gụnyere akwụkwọ ozi, boycotts nke ruru ọbụna mbibi na Jamanị, na ịgbachitere ọnụ na nnọkọ gọọmentị etiti. Enyere nkwubi okwu nke na-akwado Greenpeace, nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, na ụkpụrụ ịkpachara anya n'ihe karịrị otu nzukọ gọọmentị etiti, na na Mgbakọ OSPAR 1998, WWF gosipụtara ọmụmụ banyere mmetụta nsi na gburugburu oke osimiri dị omimi. Nzukọ ahụ kwadoro mmachibido iwu n'ozuzu maka ikpofu oke osimiri. Shell ebugoro igwe ahụ n'ebe a na-ekpofu ihe, ma n'ime awa ikpeazụ kagburu ọrụ ahụ ma kwupụta na ọ dara n'ịkọrọ ọha na eze atụmatụ ya nke ọma, na-ekweta na ha eledawo ike nke echiche ọha na eze anya. Na Jenụwarị 1998, Shell wepụtara BPEO ọhụrụ na-egosi na a na-emegharị igwe ahụ dị ka ebe a na-adọba ụgbọala na Norway. N'afọ 1999, e wepụrụ akpa Brent Spar na otu akụkụ nke pụtara bụ na ụkwụ nke ihe owuwu ahụ nwere ụdị coral mmiri oyi (Lophelia pertusa). N'ihi ya, a tụrụ aro na ọ ga-ekwe omume idobe ụkwụ nke ikpo okwu dị otú ahụ n'elu akwa oké osimiri n'ọdịnihu, ka ọ bụrụ ebe obibi. Onye nnọchite anya Greenpeace megidere aro ahụ, na-ekwu maka eziokwu ahụ bụ na mmiri mmiri ndị coral na-emepụta nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, ọ bụghị coral n'onwe ya, na mmegharị dị otú ahụ agaghị akwalite mmepe nke mmiri ndị dị otú ahụ, na-ekpughekwa ụdị coral na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu a na-achọta na mmanụ. "Ọ bụrụ na m ga-atụba ụgbọ ala n'ime osisi, moss ga-eto na ya, ma ọ bụrụ na m nwere ihu ọma nnụnụ nwere ike ọbụna akwụ na ya. Ma nke a abụghị ihe ziri ezi iji mejupụta ọhịa anyị na ụgbọala ndị a na-adịghị eji eme ihe," ka onye mgbasa ozi Greenpeace Simon Reddy kwuru. . === Pascal Husting na-agagharị === Na 2013 akụkọ kwuru na Pascal Husting, onye nduzi nke Greenpeace International "mmemme mba ụwa" na-aga 400 km (250 kilomita) iji rụọ ọrụ n'ụgbọelu, n'agbanyeghị mgbake Greenpeace iji belata njem ikuku n'ihi akara carbon. Greenpeace ekwuola "mmụba nke ụgbọ elu na-emebi ohere anyị nke ịkwụsị mgbanwe ihu igwe dị ize ndụ". Mgbe "mkpasu iwe ọha" Greenpeace kwuputara na Husting ga-eji ụgbọ oloko na-aga. === Ụgbọ oloko Nazca === Na Disemba 2014, ndị na-akwado Greenpeace mebiri okwute metụtara Nazca Lines na Peru mgbe ha na-edozi ọkọlọtọ n'ime ahịrị nke otu n'ime geoglyphs ama ama, enwere nchegbu na mmerụ ahụ nwere ike bụrụ nke enweghị mgbagha. Ndị na-eme ihe ike mebiri mpaghara gburugburu hummingbird site na ịga n'akụkụ glyph na-enweghị akpụkpọ ụkwụ iwu. A machibidoro ịbanye n'akụkụ ahịrị ahụ nke ọma na a ga-eyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ pụrụ iche iji zere imebi saịtị UN World Heritage. Greenpeace kwuru na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri “kpachara anya nke ọma ichebe ahịrị Nazca,” mana nke a megidere vidiyo na foto na-egosi ndị na-eme egwuregwu na-eyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ nkịtị (ọ bụghị akpụkpọ ụkwụ nchebe pụrụ iche) ka ha na-aga na saịtị ahụ. Greenpeace agbagharala ndị Peruvian mgbaghara, mana Loise Jamie Castillo, onye osote onye minista na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị ọdịbendị Peru kpọrọ mgbaghara ahụ “ihe egwuregwu”, n'ihi na Greenpeace jụrụ ịchọpụta ndị na-emebi ihe ma ọ bụ nabata ọrụ. Minista na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị Diana Álvarez-Calderón kwuru na a ga-eji ihe akaebe gbakọtara n'oge nyocha gọọmentị dị ka akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ikpe megide Greenpeace. "Mbibi e mebiworo bụ nke a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na mgbaghara nke òtù gburugburu ebe obibi na-enye ezughị," ka o kwuru na nnọkọ akụkọ. Ka ọ na-erule Jenụwarị 2015, Greenpeace ewepụtala nkwupụta nke ndị otu anọ nọ na NGO tinyere aka na mmemme ahụ. === Mgbasa mgbochi whaling na Norway na 1990s === N'ime 1990s Greenpeace mere ọtụtụ njem mgbochi whaling na Norway. Ndị nkatọ ekwuola na Greenpeace gbara mkpọsa megide whaling iji nweta onyinye akụ na ụba sitere na akụ na ụba US, na ọ nweghị ihe jikọrọ ya na ịchekwa gburugburu ma ọ bụ ndụ whale. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịchụ nta shark bụ okwu siri ike karị, mana ebe ọ bụ na a na-atụ egwu shark na United States, ịgba mbọ iji nyere shark aka anaghị enweta nkwado ego. Greenpeace ajụla nkwupụta a. Agbanyeghị, na akwụkwọ akụkọ Norwegian Dagbladet na 11 Eprel 2015, Kumi Naidoo kwetara na mkpọsa mgbochi whhale bụ "mgbagwoju anya". Greenpeace na-ekwu na ọ bụ naanị Norway maliteghachiri azụ whaling ka mmachibido iwu IWC n'ihi ebumnuche ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ma na-eche ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi doro anya, gụnyere mbelata ọchịchọ na Japan na mmetọ kemịkalụ na-egbu egbu. === Akwụkwọ ozi emeghe sitere n'aka ndị nwetara ihe nrite Nobel === Na June 2016, 107 Nobel laureates bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi mepere emepe na-agba Greenpeace ume ka ọ kwụsị mmegide ya na ihe ndị na-agbanwe mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa (GMOs). Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ kwuru, sị: "Anyị na-agba Greenpeace na ndị na-akwado ya ume ka ha nyochaa ahụmahụ nke ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-azụ ahịa n'ụwa nile na ihe ọkụkụ na ihe oriri na-emeziwanye site na nkà na ụzụ biotechnology, ghọta ihe nchoputa nke ụlọ ọrụ sayensị na ndị na-ahụ maka nchịkwa, ma gbahapụ mkpọsa ha megide "GMOs" na. izugbe na osikapa ọla edo, ụlọ ọrụ sayensị na ndị na-ahụ maka nchịkwa gburugburu ụwa achọpụtala ugboro ugboro na ihe oriri a na-emeziwanye site na teknụzụ biotechnology ka ọ dị mma dị ka, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ bụghị nchebe karịa nke sitere na usoro mmepụta ọ bụla ọzọ. Ekwenyesiri ike na ikpe ahụike na-adịghị mma maka mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ site na iri nri ha, egosipụtara na mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha na-adị ugboro ugboro ka ọ na-adịchaghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, yana uru na ụdị ndụ dị iche iche zuru ụwa ọnụ." Ndị nwetara ihe nrite Nobel kpọkukwara gọọmentị mba ụwa ka ha mee ihe niile ha nwere ike ime megide omume Greenpeace ma mee ka ndị ọrụ ugbo nweta ngwa ngwa niile nke usoro ihe ọmụmụ ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ, ọkachasị mkpụrụ ndị emelitere site na teknụzụ biotechnology. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ gara n'ihu ikwu na "A ghaghị ịkwụsị mmegide dabeere na mmetụta uche na nkwenkwe megidere data." Greenpeace zara azịza na-ekwu na "Ebubo na onye ọ bụla na-egbochi mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa 'osikapa' ọla edo bụ ụgha" na ha na-akwado "[...] itinye ego n'ọrụ ugbo na-eguzogide ihu igwe na inye ndị ọrụ ugbo ikike ịnweta nri kwesịrị ekwesị na nke na-edozi ahụ, kama ịwụsa. ego gbadaa mmiri maka osikapa 'Golden' GE."Golder'.<ref name="reactive_statement">{{Cite web|url=http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/2016/Nobel-laureates-sign-letter-on-Greenpeace-Golden-rice-position---reactive-statement/|title=Nobel laureates sign letter on Greenpeace 'Golden' rice position - statement|accessdate=1 July 2016|archivedate=5 July 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705150259/http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/press/releases/2016/Nobel-laureates-sign-letter-on-Greenpeace-Golden-rice-position---reactive-statement/}}</ref> === Mgbalị ndị a na-eme iji gbochie nchọpụta mmanụ Arctic === Na Disemba 2020, Courtlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Norway jụrụ itinye aka na ọrụ nyocha mmanụ na-aga n'ihu nke Greenpeace na Nature na ndị ntorobịa Norway gbara aka na n'ihi na ọrụ metụtara nyocha mmanụ na-emebi ikike mmadụ n'ihi akụkụ ya na-enye aka na ikuku carbon. . Mkpebi ahụ kwuru na ikike enyere n'afọ 2016 ga-adị irè n'ihi na achọpụtaghị na ọ megidere 'ikike nke Iwu Norwegian' ma ọ bụ 'European Convention on Human Rights'. A kọrọ na Greta Thunberg nyere $29,000 ka ikpe ahụ na-eri n'aha onye gbara akwụkwọ Greenpeace and Nature and Youth Norway. === Mmebi nke ụgbọelu === Na Machị 2021, ndị na-akwado Greenpeace itoolu batara n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Charles de Gaulle site n'ịkọba ngere dị na nsọtụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu wee bibie n'otu akụkụ nke Air France Boeing 777 nwere igwe agba agba. Ha kwuru na nke ahụ bụ iji kwalite mmata na "ịsacha akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ" nke mgbanwe ihu igwe na ụkpụrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, yana dị ka nkọwa na arụmụka ụgwọ ihu igwe na nzuko omeiwu France. N'agbanyeghị ịdọ aka ná ntị sitere n'aka ndị ọrụ nchekwa, ha jụrụ ịtọhapụ. E mechara jide ha, ma kpalite nchegbu banyere ọdụ ụgbọ elu ahụ. National Airline Pilots Union (SNPL) katọrọ omume ahụ, na-ekwu na ọ bụ mmebi dị oke ọnụ, ma megidere nkwupụta nke ndị na-akwado ya. == Ebe ndebe ihe ochie == E nwere ego Greenpeace Canada na Library and Archives Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Finding aid to Greenpeace Canada fonds, Library and Archives Canada|date=20 July 2017|url=http://central.bac-lac.gc.ca/.redirect?app=fonandcol&id=163472&lang=eng|accessdate=18 May 2021|archivedate=22 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522111504/https://www.bac-lac.gc.ca/eng/CollectionSearch/Pages/record.aspx?app=fonandcol&IdNumber=163472}}</ref> Nọmba ncheta bụ R4377. == Ihe ngosi == == Hụkwa ==   * 350.org * Ọrụ Eziokwu nke Ihu igwe * Oge ihu igwe * Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ike Ọhụrụ Europe * [[Friends of Nature|Ndị Enyi nke Okike]] * Ego Maka Ọhịa * ''[[Otu esi agbanwe ụwa (ihe nkiri)|Otu esi agbanwe ụwa]]'' (ihe nkiri 2015 gbasara Greenpeace) * [[Onye Ọzụzụ Atụrụ Oké Osimiri Òtù Nchekwa|Sea Shepherd Conservation Society]] * [[Ebe Akụrụngwa Ụwa Nile Maka Okike]] * Greenpeace USA * [[Greenpeace Australia Pacific]] == Ihe odide == == Njikọ mpụga ==     * Official website {{Sustainability}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 377mah9djfhw90f5amxepap45t2ezhm 0 29416 654191 138297 2026-06-06T22:49:04Z Sayvhior 13464 654191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Bruno Oberle-IMG 1275.jpg|thumb|Bruno Oberle]]   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Bruno Oberle bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị Switzerland na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi. Na 13 Julaị 2020, a họpụtara ya onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature. ==Edensibia== <ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruno Oberle|url=https://www.wrforum.org/profile/bruno-oberle-2/|accessdate=2020-07-14|work=World Resources Forum|language=en-US|archivedate=9 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009130834/https://www.wrforum.org/profile/bruno-oberle-2/}}</ref>A mụrụ Oberle na St. Gallen, Switzerland na 12 October 1955, ma tolite na Locarno na Zürich. Ọ nwetara ihe ọmụmụ bayoloji na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na ETH Zurich wee nweta PhD ya.[1]{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] d6gb223fi3d1z6e88y2e2sk6xsjhzdb 654192 654191 2026-06-06T22:50:13Z Sayvhior 13464 654192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Bruno Oberle-IMG 1275.jpg|thumb|Bruno Oberle]]   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Bruno Oberle bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị Switzerland na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi. Na 13 Julaị 2020, a họpụtara ya onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruno Oberle|url=https://www.wrforum.org/profile/bruno-oberle-2/|accessdate=2020-07-14|work=World Resources Forum|language=en-US|archivedate=9 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009130834/https://www.wrforum.org/profile/bruno-oberle-2/}}</ref>A mụrụ Oberle na St. Gallen, Switzerland na 12 October 1955, ma tolite na Locarno na Zürich. Ọ nwetara ihe ọmụmụ bayoloji na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na ETH Zurich wee nweta PhD ya. ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] mbs9vq19pnwd798rtgzm3bbb9vd544e 654193 654192 2026-06-06T22:50:49Z Sayvhior 13464 654193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] Bruno Oberle bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị Switzerland na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi. Na 13 Julaị 2020, a họpụtara ya onye isi oche nke International Union for Conservation of Nature.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bruno Oberle|url=https://www.wrforum.org/profile/bruno-oberle-2/|accessdate=2020-07-14|work=World Resources Forum|language=en-US|archivedate=9 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211009130834/https://www.wrforum.org/profile/bruno-oberle-2/}}</ref>A mụrụ Oberle na St. Gallen, Switzerland na 12 October 1955, ma tolite na Locarno na Zürich. Ọ nwetara ihe ọmụmụ bayoloji na sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na ETH Zurich wee nweta PhD ya. ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g1hsx92emqmg94cbmerr0n16zu8n828 0 30248 654242 623904 2026-06-07T06:00:45Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   == Ọrụ == . <ref>{{Cite web|first=Niall|author=Cope|title=Massanka returns to Turf Moor|url=http://www.yorkcityfootballclub.co.uk/news/article/ntumba-massanka-returns-to-turf-moor-3002260.aspx|publisher=York City F.C.|date=11 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510192749/http://www.yorkcityfootballclub.co.uk/news/article/ntumba-massanka-returns-to-turf-moor-3002260.aspx|archivedate=10 May 2017}}</ref>A Massanka na Tottenham, London, wee kwaga Manchester dị afã anọ, ka nne na nna ya kwagara na ọrụ ha dị ka ndị ndú.  [1] Manchester United bịanyere aka na ya mgbe a chachachara ya, wee soro ahụ ihe ngosi apụta isii tupu ya na ndị iro Manchester City mgbaàmà obere oge.  [1] Ọ sonyeere Burnley n'oge akwụkwọ nke 2013, tupu ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ njikọ mmetụta na 15 April 2015. [2] N'ịbụ onye egwu oge 2015-16 site na ihe mmetụta ọsọ 16 site na 14 na-  ibu maka ndị otu n'okpuru-21, Massanka bịanyere aka na ọhụrụ na Burnley na 23 December 2015. [3] Ọ sonyeere ọkụ abụọ York City, na mbịnye ego maka 2015–16 ran na 12 January 2016, [4]  na-eme mpụta mbụ ya ụbọchị ka e nwee ihe ngbanwe mgbanwe 56 na mmeri ụlọ 1–0 na Newport County.  [5] N'ịbụ onye mere ikike ngwere maka York, Burnley chetara Massanka na 11 Ma ọchịchị 2016. [6] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Massanka joins Agyei and Ginnelly back at Burnley|url=http://www.uptheclarets.com/massanka-joins-agyei-and-ginnelly-back-at-burnley|work=UpTheClarets|date=3 January 2017|accessdate=4 January 2017}}</ref> Na 31 August 2016, Massanka sonyeere abụọ Morecambe na mbinye ego ruo 3 January 2017. [1] Na January 2017, ọ la LED na Burnley, ebe ọ inwe inwe ike na ọrụ ahụ na ihe ngosi iri ya niile sitere na bench. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Wrexham 3–1 Guiseley|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38779335|publisher=BBC Sport|date=4 February 2017|accessdate=30 October 2017}}</ref>Na 12 January 2017, Massanka sonyeere azụ Wrexham National League na mbịnye ego ruo na njedebe nke 2016-17, mgbe Brian Flynn akwụkwọ ya na ego.  [1] O mere mpụta mbụ ya ụbọchị abụọ nke ịhụnanya dị ka ndị 68th nọchiri anya na 1–0 mmeri n'meri hameri North Ferriby United .  [2] Massanka jiri ọkpụ isi gbagoro goolu mbụ ya bụ ihe nhata na mmeri Wrexham 3–1 meri Guiseley na 4 February 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Richard|author=Harvey|title=BURNLEY STRIKER JOINS ON LOAN|url=http://www.doverathletic.com/news/burnley-striker-joins-on-loan/|publisher=Dover Athletic|date=30 August 2018|accessdate=30 August 2018}}</ref>Ọ la mmetụta na Wrexham nke ugboro abụọ na Julaị 2017, bịanyere aka na mbinye ego ụnwapụta mbụ.  [1] O meri ihe ngosi nke ọkụ 26 [2] tupu ọ pụọ Burnley na January 2018. [3] Enyere ya ego na Dover Athletic na 30 August 2018. . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.angelanacalcio1930.it/2020/02/14/week-end-time-in-riva-al-lago-langelana-va-a-caccia-di-conferme-con-un-massanka-in-piu/|title=Week-End Time: in riva al Lago l'Angelana va a caccia di conferme. Con un Massanka in più|work=angelanacalcio1930.it|date=14 February 2020|accessdate=17 April 2020|language=Italian}}</ref>Na February 2020, Massanka sonyeere n'ụdị Eccellenza ASD Angelana na echiche ruo na njedebe nke oge. Na Jenụwarị 2022 ọ sonyeere Stalybridge Celtic na mbinye ego maka oge fọdụrụnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stalybridgeceltic.co.uk/news.php?id=3319|title=Ntumba Massanka signs on loan for the rest of the season|publisher=Stalybridge Celtic|date=12 January 2022|accessdate=19 January 2022}}</ref> Na 26 nke ọnwa Febrụwarị akwadoro na South Shields akpọghachila ya site na oge mgbazinye ego. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Club News - Ntumba Massanka recalled by South Shields|url=http://www.stalybridgeceltic.co.uk/news.php?id=3343|publisher=Stalybridge Celtic|accessdate=28 February 2022|date=26 February 2022}}</ref> O mechara sonye na Boston United na Stafford Rangers na mbinye ego. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gordon|first=James|title=Saturday's Transfer List - February 26|url=https://www.thenpl.co.uk/saturdays-transfer-list-february-26-69561|publisher=Northern Premier League|accessdate=28 February 2022|date=26 February 2022|archivedate=28 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228081707/https://www.thenpl.co.uk/saturdays-transfer-list-february-26-69561}}</ref> Na Jenụwarị 2023, Massanka hapụrụ South Shields ka ọ banye n'akụkụ Northern Premier League Macclesfield . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://macclesfieldfc.com/2023/01/05/ntumba-massanka-signs-for-the-silkmen/|title=NTUMBA MASSANKA SIGNS FOR THE SILKMEN|publisher=[[Macclesfield F.C.]]|date=5 January 2023|accessdate=6 January 2023|archivedate=5 January 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230105170304/https://macclesfieldfc.com/2023/01/05/ntumba-massanka-signs-for-the-silkmen/}}</ref> == Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |+Appearances and goals by club, season andcompetition ! rowspan="2" |Club ! rowspan="2" |Season ! colspan="3" |League ! colspan="2" |FA Cup ! colspan="2" |League Cup ! colspan="2" |Other ! colspan="2" |Total |- !Division !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals !Apps !Goals |- | rowspan="4" |Burnley |2015–16 |Championship |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2016–17 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- |2017–18 |Premier League |0 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !0 !0 |- |York City (loan) |2015–16<ref name=sb1516>{{soccerbase season|89734|2015|accessdate=4 December 2016}}</ref> |League Two |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |Morecambe (loan) |2016–17<ref name=sb1617>{{soccerbase season|89734|2016|accessdate=30 October 2017}}</ref> |League Two |10 |0 |0 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |10 |0 |- | rowspan="3" |Wrexham (loan) |2016–17<ref name="Soccerway">{{Cite web|title=N. Massanka|url=https://uk.soccerway.com/players/ntumba-massanka/432121/|work=Soccerway|publisher=Perform Group|accessdate=2 January 2018}}</ref> |National League |18 |4 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |18 |4 |- |2017–18<ref name="Soccerway"/> |National League |24 |2 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— |1{{efn|Appearance in [[FA Trophy]]|name=FAT}} |0 |26 |2 |- ! colspan="2" |Total !42 !6 !1 !0 ! colspan="2" |— !1 !0 !44 !6 |- |Dover Athletic (loan) |2018–19<ref name="Soccerway" /> |National League |3 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3 |0 |- |RWDM47 (loan) |2018–19<ref name="Soccerway" /> |Belgian First Amateur Division |12 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |12 |1 |- |Chorley |2019–20<ref name="Soccerway" /> |National League |24 |3 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |2{{efn|name=FAT}} |0 |28 |3 |- |South Shields |2021–22<ref>{{Cite news|title=South Shields – Appearances – Ntumba Massanka – 2021-2022|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/south-shields/appearances/2021-2022/ntumba-massanka/928591|publisher=Football Web Pages|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref> |NPL Premier Division |13 |5 |2 |0 | colspan="2" |— |0 |0 |15 |5 |- |Stalybridge Celtic (loan) |2021–22<ref>{{Cite news|title=Stalybridge Celtic – Appearances – Ntumba Massanka – 2021-2022|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/stalybridge-celtic/appearances/2021-2022/ntumba-massanka/935821|publisher=Football Web Pages|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref> |NPL Premier Division |7 |1 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |7 |1 |- |Boston United (loan) |2021–22<ref name="Soccerway" /> |National League North |11 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |3{{efn|Appearances in [[National League North]] play-offs|name=BOS}} |0 |14 |0 |- |Stafford Rangers (loan) |2022–23<ref>{{Cite news|title=Stafford Rangers – Appearances – Ntumba Massanka|url=https://www.footballwebpages.co.uk/stafford-rangers/appearances/ntumba-massanka/928591|publisher=Football Web Pages|accessdate=15 September 2022}}</ref> |NPL Premier Division |7 |1 |1 |0 | colspan="2" |— | colspan="2" |— |8 |1 |- ! colspan="3" |Career total !132 !17 !6 !0 !0 !0 !6 !0 !144 !17 |} {{notelist}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] s8jenrv1hvp8qojjsroqp7xr3dx1be2 0 30303 654227 120945 2026-06-07T01:36:34Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox medical condition (new)|name=Maternal death|synonyms=Maternal mortality|image=A mother dies and is taken by angels as her new-born child is taken away, A grave from 1863 in Striesener Friedhof in Dresden.jpg|caption=A mother dies and is taken by angels as her new child is taken away, A grave from 1863 in Striesener Friedhof in Dresden.|pronounce=|field=|symptoms=|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=|causes=|risks=|diagnosis=|differential=|prevention=|treatment=|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=|deaths=}} A na-akọwapụta ọnwụ nwa ma ọ bụ ọnwụ nne n'ụzọ dịtụ iche site n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike dị iche iche. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-akọwa ọnwụ nne dị ka ọnwụ nke nne dị ime n'ihi nsogbu ndị metụtara ime ime, ọnọdụ ndị dị n'okpuru na-akawanye njọ site na ime ma ọ bụ nlekọta nke ọnọdụ ndị a. Nke a nwere ike ime ma ha dị ime ma ọ bụ n'ime izu isii nke mkpebi ime ime.[1] Nkọwa CDC nke ọnwụ metụtara afọ ime na-agbatị oge nleba anya ịgụnye otu afọ site na mkpebi nke ime ime.[2][3] Ọnwụ metụtara ime ime, dị ka American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) kọwara, bụ ọnwụ niile na-eme n'ime otu afọ nke mkpebi ime ime.[4] Nchọpụta ọnwụ metụtara afọ ime dị mkpa maka ikpebi ma afọ ime ọ bụ ihe kpatara ọnwụ ahụ kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ na-apụtachaghị ìhè. Enwere usoro abụọ bụ isi eji eme ihe mgbe a na-ekwu maka ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke nne na obodo ma ọ bụ obodo. Ndị a bụ ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke nne na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne, nke akpọchiri dị ka "MMR". Site na 2017, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne na-anwụ n'ụwa agbadala 44% kemgbe 1990; Otú ọ dị, kwa ụbọchị, ụmụ nwanyị 808 na-anwụ n'ihi ime ime ma ọ bụ ihe metụtara ịmụ nwa. Dị ka akụkọ United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 2017 si kwuo, ihe dị ka nkeji 2 ọ bụla nwanyị na-anwụ n'ihi nsogbu n'ihi ọmụmụ nwa ma ọ bụ ime ime. Maka nwanyị ọ bụla nke nwụrụ, enwere ihe dị ka ụmụ nwanyị 20 ruo 30 nwere mmerụ ahụ, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọmụmụ ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ ime ime ọzọ. UNFPA mere atụmatụ na ụmụ nwanyị 303,000 nwụrụ n'ihi ime ime ma ọ bụ ihe metụtara ịmụ nwa n'afọ 2015. WHO kewara ihe na-akpata ọnwụ ndị nne ụzọ abụọ: ọnwụ nwa na-anwụ kpọmkwem na ọnwụ ime nwa. Ọnwụ ime nwa kpọmkwem bụ ihe na-akpata ọnwụ n'ihi mgbagwoju anya nke afọ ime, ọmụmụ ma ọ bụ nkwụsị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị a nwere ike ịmalite site na ọbara ọgbụgba siri ike ruo n'ịrụ ọrụ mgbochi, nke enwere enyemaka dị irè maka ya. Ọnwụ nwa ime na-apụtaghị ìhè na-ebute site na ime ime na-etinye aka ma ọ bụ ime ka ọnọdụ dị adị dịkwuo njọ, dịka nsogbu obi. Dị ka ụmụ nwanyị enwetala ohere ị nweta atụmatụ ezinaụlọ na onye na-ahụ maka ịmụ nwa nwere nkwado ndabere na mpaghara ọnọdụ mberede mberede, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne zuru ụwa ọnụ adalatala site na ọnwụ nne 385 n'ime 100,000 mụrụ na 1990 ruo na ọnwụ 216 n'ime 100,000 ọmụmụ dị ndụ na 2015. Ọtụtụ mba belatara ọkara nke nne ha n'ime 100,000 ọmụmụ. Ọnụọgụ ọnwụ n'ime afọ 10 gara aga. N'agbanyeghị na agbalila mbọ iji belata ọnwụ ndị nne, enwere ọtụtụ ohere maka imeziwanye, ọkachasị na mpaghara ndị nwere obere akụrụngwa. Ihe karịrị 85% nke ọnwụ ndị nne nọ n'obodo ndị nwere obere akụ na Africa na Eshia. N'ime mpaghara akụrụngwa dị elu, a ka nwere ebe dị ịrịba ama nwere ohere maka itolite, ọkachasị ka ha na-emetụta agbụrụ na agbụrụ na ahaghị nhata na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne na-anwụ anwụ na ọrịa. N'ozuzu, ọnwụ nke nne bụ ihe dị mkpa na-egosi ahụike nke mba ahụ ma na-atụgharị uche na akụrụngwa ahụike ya. Ibelata ọnụọgụ ọnwụ nke nne bụ ebumnuche dị mkpa nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike gburugburu ụwa. 1hzip2i5masb8ujau6v3def53rp1p4f 0 30604 654173 621707 2026-06-06T19:51:19Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Removing unnecessary sources - 4 is better than 6 654173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Daniel Nsala Wakpal''' (amụrụ na 15 Machị 1975) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana na [[Ghana|onye]] otu National Democratic Congress . Ọ bụ onye omeiwu maka Kpandai Constituency, na Northern Region nke Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=219|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2024-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009034826/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=219}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Daniel Nsala Wakpal Archives - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/tag/daniel-nsala-wakpal/|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=2020 Election – Kpandai Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/northern/kpandai/|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Ghana Elections – Peace FM|archivedate=2023-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518001333/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2020/parliament/northern/kpandai/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Kpandai NDC MP visits Australia Embassy to seek support for his Constituency|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/1091486/kpandai-ndc-mp-visits-australia-embassy-to-seek.html|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Wakpal si Saboba. O nwere Master of Arts na Local Government Administration and Organisation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Wakpal, Nsala Daniel|url=https://ghanamps.com/mp/daniel-nsala-wakpal/|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=Ghana MPS|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Parliament of Ghana|url=https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=219|accessdate=2022-11-11|work=www.parliament.gh|archivedate=2024-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241009034826/https://www.parliament.gh/mps?mp=219}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=PROFILE: Hon. Daniel Nsala Wakpal|url=https://www.ghstandard.com/profile-hon-daniel-nsala-wakpal/|accessdate=2022-11-11|language=en-GB|archivedate=2022-11-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111172948/https://www.ghstandard.com/profile-hon-daniel-nsala-wakpal/}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Wakpal, Daniel Nsala}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2yllbvyrcctq06wnuqg0dlwb4cl3n82 0 32479 654215 594807 2026-06-07T01:31:03Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654215 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   One City One Book (nke a na-akpọkwa One Book One City, [City] Reads, On the Same Page and other variations) bụ aha a na-ahụkarị maka mmemme ọgụgụ obodo nke na-anwa ime ka onye ọ bụla nọ n'obodo gụọ ma kwurịta otu akwụkwọ ahụ. A na-agbanwekarị aha mmemme ahụ ka ọ bụrụ One Book One City, ma ọ bụ a na-ahazi ya iji kpọọ aha obodo ebe ọ na-eme. Akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama bụ Harper Lee's To Kill a Mockingbird, Ernest Gaines's A Lesson Before Dying, Ray Bradbury's ''Fahrenheit 451'', na Rudolfo Anaya's Bless Me, Ultima.<ref name="LOC">{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook/one-book.html|title="One Book" Reading Promotion Projects|accessdate=2008-05-02|publisher=Library of Congress - Center for the Book|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080501024447/http://www.loc.gov/loc/cfbook/one-book.html|archivedate=May 1, 2008}} </ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Otu City One Book mmemme na-ewere echiche nke otu klọb mkparịta ụka akwụkwọ ma gbasaa ya iji kpuchie obodo dum.Ihe omume mbụ dị otú ahụ bụ "Ọ bụrụ na mmadụ niile si Seattle gụọ otu akwụkwọ" na 1998, nke Nancy Pearl malitere na Seattle Public Library's Washington Center for the Book.Akwụkwọ ahọpụtara maka mmemme ahụ bụ 'The Sweet Hereafter' nke Russell Banks dere na 1991. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Getting On The Same Page -- Library's 'If All Of Seattle Read The Same Book' Program Hopes To Get The City Reading - And Talking - Together|first=Ferdinand M.|author=De Leon|work=Seattle Times|date=November 5, 1998|url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19981105&slug=2781661}} </ref>Obodo ndị ọzọ depụtaghachiri echiche ahụ, na Library of Congress depụtara mmemme 404 na-eme na 2007.<ref name="LOC"/> Ihe omume obodo ọ bụla nwere ebumnuche nke ya; ndị a na-agụnyekarị iwulite mmetụta nke obodo na ịkwalite ịgụ na ide.<ref name="ALAGuide"> {{Cite web|url=http://www.ala.org/programming/sites/ala.org.programming/files/content/onebook/files/onebookguide.pdf|title=Planning Your Community-Wide Read|accessdate=2013-02-09|publisher=American Library Association}} </ref> Nancy Pearl na-adọ aka ná ntị megide ịtụ anya ihe dị ukwuu site na mmemme: "Buru n'uche na nke a bụ mmemme ọbá akwụkwọ, ọ bụghị mmega ahụ na obodo, ebumnuche ya abụghị ka akwụkwọ gwọọ nkewa agbụrụ. ": 5  Ihe omume na-agụnyekarị ihe karịrị ka onye ọ bụla gụọ otu akwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ ihe omume ndị ọzọ a gụnyere bụ: oge mkparịta ụka akwụkwọ, nkuzi ndị ọkà mmụta banyere akwụkwọ ahụ ma ọ bụ isiokwu ndị metụtara ya, nleta onye edemede, ihe ngosi, mmemme nka metụtara ya (karịsịa igosi ihe nkiri nke akwụkwọ ahụ ma e nwere otu), na njikọta n'ime usoro ọmụmụ ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name="ALAGuide"/>Na Boston, mmemme "One City One Story" jiri akụkọ ndị dị mkpirikpi ma kesaa ọtụtụ iri puku akụkọ ahụ n'efu n'ime otu ọnwa.: 20–23  American Library Association (ALA) na-ewepụta ntuziaka zuru ezu site na nzọụkwụ ruo n'otu ụzọ isi hazie mmemme mpaghara, gụnyere nzọụkwụ dị oke mkpa nke ịhọrọ otu akwụkwọ. <ref name="ALAGuide"/>The Center for the Book at the Library of Congress na-agbaso mmemme niile a maara na akwụkwọ ha jiri mee ihe.<ref name="LOC"/> === Ihe omume "Otu Akwụkwọ" dị mkpa === A na-enyocha mmemme ndị ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze na-akwado kwa afọ site na Ọbá Akwụkwọ nke Congress. <ref>At [https://web.archive.org/web/20220816222931/https://www.read.gov/resources/state.php Read.gov]. Retrieved Jun 28, 2011</ref>Ọtụtụ mmemme na-edebe ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke ha na-etinye aka na mgbalị kwa afọ. ==== United States ==== Ọbá akwụkwọ nke Congress na-edebe ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nwere ihe onwunwe maka obodo ndị chọrọ ịme mmemme One Book, gụnyere ndepụta nke ndị edemede na [https://web.archive.org/web/20220816222931/https://www.read.gov/resources/state.php ndepụta nke mmemme gara aga]. Ụfọdụ steeti na ALA na-edebe ihe onwunwe nke ha iji nyere obodo aka ịmalite. ; Mba * National Endowment for the Arts na-agba ọsọ The Big Read kemgbe afọ 2006. Ihe omume ahụ na-enye onyinye nye obodo dị iche iche gafee mba ahụ kwa afọ iji mepụta mmemme ọgụgụ obodo niile dabere na akwụkwọ ahọrọ site na ọbá akwụkwọ Big Read. A na-agbakwunye utu aha ọhụrụ n'ọbá akwụkwọ kwa afọ.<ref name="BigRead">{{Cite web|url=http://www.neabigread.org/faq.php|title=The Big Read: Frequently Asked Questions|accessdate=2013-10-09|publisher=National Endowment for the Arts|archivedate=2013-07-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705061113/http://www.neabigread.org/faq.php}}</ref> ; Site na steeti : {| class="sortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="width:100%; border:medium double gray; border-collapse:collapse;" !Ebe ọ bụ na !Obodo !Ọnọdụ !Nkwado ọbá akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ org !Aha mmemme |- |2005 |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Steeti Arizona, Ebe Ndebe Ihe Ochie na Ihe ndekọ Ọha |[[Arizona]] |Ebe A Na-ahụ Maka Akwụkwọ Arizona |ONEBOOKAZ |- |2005 |Yuma |[[Arizona]] |Ọ́bá akwụkwọ Yuma |[https://web.archive.org/web/20110515040047/http://media.yumasun.com/onebookyuma/ Otu Akwụkwọ Yuma] |- |2013 |Ọchịchịrị |[[California]] |Nzukọ dị iche iche nke Placer County |[https://auburnoboc.com/ Auburn One Book, One Community] |- |2003 |Santa Monica |[[California]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha na Eze nke Santa Monica |[http://smpl.org/citywide_reads.aspx Santa Monica na-agụ] |- |2007 |San Diego |[[California]] |[http://www.kpbs.org/ KPBS], [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233452/http://www.sandiego.gov/public-library/news-events/onebook/index.shtml Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha na Eze nke San Diego] |[http://www.kpbs.org/onebook Otu Akwụkwọ, Otu San Diego] |- |2005 |San Francisco |[[California]] |SFPL, Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha na Eze nke San Francisco |Otu Obodo, Otu Akwụkwọ |- |2002 |Ógbè Sonoma |[[California]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Sonoma County |Sonoma County Reads (Gụnyere Sonoma County Library, KRCB, Santa Rosa Junior College, Sonoma State University, Sonoma County Office of Education, na Copperfield's Books) |- |2002 |Fort Collins |[[Colorado]] |Fort Collins na-agụ |[https://fortcollinsreads.org/ Fort Collins na-agụ] |- |2002 | |[[Kónétíkùt|Connecticut]] |Ọbá Akwụkwọ Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Connecticut |[http://onebookoneregion.org/ Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Ógbè] |- |2003 |Obodo Sarasota |[[Flórídạ|Florida]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20231027144806/https://www.scgov.net/government/departments/libraries Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Sarasota County] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20231027221847/https://www.scgov.net/government/libraries/one-book-sarasota#ad-image-0 Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Obodo] |- |2003 |Gwinnett County |[[Jorjiạ (state)|Georgia]] |[[Gwinnett County Libraries|Ọbá Akwụkwọ Gwinnett County]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20101125083441/http://gwinnettpl.org/calendar/gwinnettreads/index.html Gwinnett na-agụ] |- |2004 |Winnetka-Northfield |[[Ilinoi|Illinois]] |Ọ́bá akwụkwọ Winnetka-Northfield |[https://web.archive.org/web/20230608172513/https://www.winnetkalibrary.org/one-book-two-villages/ Otu Akwụkwọ, Obodo Abụọ] - nhọrọ dị iche iche maka ụmụaka na ndị okenye |- |2001 |Chicago |[[Ilinoi|Illinois]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha na Eze nke Chicago |[https://www.chipublib.org/one-book-one-chicago/ Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Chicago] |- |2004 |South Bend |[[Ndiánà|Indiana]] |Mahadum Indiana South Bend |Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Campus |- |2003 | |[[Áyowạ|Iowa]] |[[Iowa Center for the Book|Ebe Ọrụ Akwụkwọ Iowa]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20211119082431/https://www.iowacenterforthebook.org/air Ihe niile Iowa na-agụ] |- |2006 | |[[Kentórkị|Kentucky]] |Ebe Ugwu Kentucky |[https://web.archive.org/web/20210305034201/https://www.kentonlibrary.org/2012/one-book-one-community-3 Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Obodo] |- |2008 | |[[Mérílạnd|Maryland]] |[[Maryland Humanities Council|Kansụl Mmụta Mmadụ nke Maryland]] |[https://www.mdhumanities.org/programs/one-maryland-one-book/ Otu Maryland Otu Akwụkwọ] |- |2004 |Brookline |[[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha nke Brookline |[https://web.archive.org/web/20211018005447/https://www.brooklinelibrary.org/events/event/brookline-reads-2018-2/ Brookline na-agụ] |- |2002 |Falmouth |[[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] |[[Falmouth Public Library|Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha Falmouth]] |[http://www.falmouthpubliclibrary.org/blog/whats-falmouth-reading-2012/ Gịnị bụ Falmouth Reading] |- |2010 |Boston |[[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] |Ememme Akwụkwọ nke Boston |One City One Story - na-ekesa 30,000 n'efu nye ndị bi n'ógbè ahụ (Archived Link) |- |2004 |Cambridge |[[Másáchusẹts|Massachusetts]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha Cambridge |Cambridge READS |- |2002 |Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Lansing |[[Michigan]] |Obodo East Lansing |[http://www.onebookeastlansing.com/ Otu Akwụkwọ East Lansing] |- |2004 |Rochester |[[Minésótạ|Minnesota]] | |Rochester na-agụ |- |2002 |Boone |[[Mizurị|Missouri]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ógbè Daniel Boone |[http://oneread.dbrl.org/ Otu Ihe Ịgụ] |- | |Bozeman |[[Montana]] | |[https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173715/https://www.bozemanlibrary.org/events/seasonal-programs/one-book-one-bozeman Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Bozeman] |- | |Omaha |[[Nebraska]] |[[Millard Public Schools Foundation|Ntọala Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọha Millard]] |[https://web.archive.org/web/20120326090548/http://mps.wdes.schoolfusion.us/modules/groups/homepagefiles/cms/750546/File/One%20Disney,%20One%20Book/ODOB%202011%20History.pdf?sessionid=de8145ee567c81f55bbd12c671299b41 Otu Disney Otu Akwụkwọ] |- |2005 |Paltz Ọhụrụ |[[Nú Yọk|New York]] | |[https://www.newpaltz.edu/benjamincenter/events/one-book-one-new-paltz/ Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Paltz Ọhụrụ] |- |2003 |Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ New York |[[Nú Yọk|New York]] | |[https://www.facebook.com/ATaleforThreeCounties/ Akụkọ Maka Ógbè Atọ] |- |2001 |Rochester |[[Nú Yọk|New York]] | |[https://web.archive.org/web/20121011192753/http://www.wab.org/events/allofrochester/2013/index.shtml Ọ bụrụ na ndị niile nọ na Rochester gụọ otu akwụkwọ ahụ] |- |2006 |Ihe osise |[[Nú Yọk|New York]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha na Eze nke Schenectady County |"Otu County Otu Akwụkwọ" |- |2001 |Syracuse, Onondaga County |[[Nú Yọk|New York]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ọha nke Onondaga County |[https://web.archive.org/web/20231027221847/https://www.cnyreads.org/ Central New York Na-agụ Otu Akwụkwọ] |- | |Fargo, Moorhead, na West Fargo |[[North Dakota]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Ógbè Fargo-Moorhead |[http://1book1community.org/ Otu Akwụkwọ, Otu Obodo] |- |2002 |Cincinnati |[[Ohaïyo|Ohio]] | |N'otu peeji Cincinnati |- |2003 |Findlay |[[Ohaïyo|Ohio]] |Ntọala Obodo Findlay-Hancock |[https://web.archive.org/web/20111006142012/http://community-foundation.com/initiatives/communityread-not-done/what-is-communityread/ Mgbasa Ozi] |- |2007 |Ọdọ Mmiri Oswego |[[Oregon]] |Ọbá Akwụkwọ Lake Oswego |[http://www.ci.oswego.or.us/loreads Ọdọ Mmiri Oswego na-agụ] |- |2003 |Ógbè Multonmah |[[Oregon]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ Multnomah County |[https://multcolib.org/everybody-reads Onye Ọ bụla Na-agụ] |- |2003 |Obodo etiti |[[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] | |[https://web.archive.org/web/20110129012018/http://www.centrecountyreads.org/About Central County na-agụ] |- |2003 |Philadelphia |[[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] |Ọ́bá Akwụkwọ N'efu nke Philadelphia |[https://web.archive.org/web/20160828112045/http://www.freelibrary.org/libserv/obop.htm Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Philadelphia] |- |2002 |Ndịda Central Pennsylvania |[[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] |Ọtụtụ Usoro Ọbá Akwụkwọ County |[https://web.archive.org/web/20231027221849/http://www.oboc.org/ Otu Akwụkwọ, Otu Obodo: Ógbè Anyị na-agụ!] |- |2004 |Mansfield |[[Texas]] | |[https://www.mansfieldtexas.gov/372/Mansfield-Reads Otu Obodo Otu Akwụkwọ] |- |2002 |Austin |[[Texas]] |Obodo Austin |[https://web.archive.org/web/20100426075653/http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/library/mbc10.htm Club Akwụkwọ Onye isi obodo] |- |2012 |Odessa |[[Texas]] |Obodo Odessa & Ector County Library |OneBook Odessa |- |2004 |Logan |[[Yútạh|Utah]] |Mahadum Steeti Utah |[https://www.usu.edu/today/story/utah-state-university-2018-common-literature-experience-announced Ahụmahụ Akwụkwọ A Na-ahụkarị] |- |2003 | |Vermont |Kansụl Humanities nke Vermont |[https://web.archive.org/web/20110616103246/http://www.vermonthumanities.org/WhatWeDo/VermontReads/VermontReadsPastPicks/tabid/172/Default.aspx Vermont na-agụ] |- |2008 |Ógbè Henrico |[[Végíníyà|Virginia]] | |[https://henricolibrary.org/ahr Ihe niile Henrico na-agụ] |- |2004 |Obodo Loudoun |[[Végíníyà|Virginia]] | |[https://web.archive.org/web/20120722131738/http://library.loudoun.gov/onebook/ 1 Akwụkwọ, 1 Obodo] |- |2011 |Red Bank |[[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]] | |[https://tworivertimes.com/one-book-one-community/ Otu Akwụkwọ Otu Obodo] |- |2017 |[[New York City|Obodo New York]] |[[Nú Yọk|New York]] |Ọfịs mgbasa ozi na ntụrụndụ nke onye isi obodo |[http://www1.nyc.gov/site/mome/initiatives/1book1ny.page Otu Akwụkwọ, Otu New York] |} ==== United Kingdom ==== ==== Kọleji ==== Ụfọdụ kọleji amalitela mmemme One College One Book na mgbakwunye na mmemme ọgụgụ oge okpomọkụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ na-abata n'afọ mbụ. Ngalaba nke Elementary na Early Childhood Education na College of New Jersey anọwo na-agba ọsọ otu akwụkwọ, otu ngalaba maka ụmụ akwụkwọ niile nọ na isi ya kemgbe afọ 2008, na-achọ ka ụmụ akwụkwọ gụọ ọrụ nkịtị nke akwụkwọ na-abụghị akụkọ ifo n'oge ọkọchị na oge oyi. Akwụkwọ mbụ e ji mee ihe bụ Ann Fadiman's The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down na akwụkwọ maka oge okpomọkụ 2014 bụ Dan Fagin's Pulitzer Prize winning Toms River. === Ihe omume ndị ọzọ === N'afọ 1999, e wepụtara iri abụọ na ise. == Nzaghachi nkatọ == Echiche a enweela nnabata dị iche iche. Onye na-enyocha akwụkwọ Harold Bloom kwuru, "Enweghị m mmasị n'ụmụ aṅụ ndị a na-agụ akwụkwọ.... Ọ dị ka echiche na anyị niile ga-apụta ma rie Chicken McNuggets ma ọ bụ ihe ọzọ jọgburu onwe ya n'otu oge. " Enwere nchegbu na a ga-eji usoro ihe omume ahụ kwalite ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Onye edemede Phillip Lopate na-atụ egwu nkwalite nke echiche otu, na-ekwu "Ọ dị ka akụkọ sayensị - Invasion of the Body Snatchers ma ọ bụ ihe". N'afọ 2002, mgbalị ahụ nwetara esemokwu na New York City mgbe ìgwè abụọ nke ndị na-ahọrọ nke ọ bụla họọrọ Chang-Rae Lee's Native Speaker na James McBride's The Color of Water, n'otu n'otu. A na-ewere akwụkwọ abụọ ahụ dị ka ihe mkparị nye ụfọdụ agbụrụ New York. Nancy Pearl kwuru, sị, "Ọ ghọrọ ihe na-emetụtaghị akwụkwọ kama ọ bụ ịgwọ ọrịa na ọha mmadụ, ọ bụ ezie na enwere ọrụ maka nke ahụ, ịrịọ akwụkwọ iji kwekọọ na atụmatụ onye ọ bụla n'ikwu okwu banyere ụfọdụ okwu na-emebi akwụkwọ". Gọọmentị na-echegbu onwe ha mgbe ụfọdụ na nkwado ha maka ịgụ akwụkwọ ga-ele anya dị ka ịkwado echiche ma ọ bụ asụsụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ. Na Texas na 2006, kọmitii Galveston County Reads tụrụ aro Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time dị ka nhọrọ maka ịgụ ha n'ógbè ahụ. E nwere ọtụtụ nkatọ banyere nhọrọ ahụ site n'aka Onye isi obodo na Kansụl nke Friendswood, bụ ndị jụrụ okwu rụrụ arụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ, ma kwuo na o nwere echiche ndị a na-ekwesịghị ịkwalite ụmụaka. Ha kwekwaara na ekwesighi iji ego ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi kwalite ma zụta akwụkwọ obodo na-agaghị anabata. == Ihe odide == <references /> [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 5o2ehlpty0eym7itzxigivu2917gkqp 0 32545 654182 134341 2026-06-06T20:07:27Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654182 wikitext text/x-wiki Ọdị nke Ebe Nkịta, Ọdị nkwe nke a njiribụta Egwuegwu Mmiri Nnewi Umunwanyị Kingdom ya bu ọdị nkwe nke a nwere nkita nchekwa ndị nwata nọrọ, a na-esị ọjọọ na ịgụ akwụkwọ maka ntụrụndụ maka ụmụaka nọ n'afọ ndụ niile, site na ụmụ ọhụrụ ruo na ndị nọ n'ihe dị afọ iri na ụma. Ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo nwere mmasị ịkwado ụmụaka na akwụkwọ ha, ma na ọkwa mba, site na onye isi, na ọkwa mpaghara, site na otu mpaghara, site n'òtù mpaghara, yana nkwado nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ndị ọkachamara. Njikọ ahụ na ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, ọbá akwụkwọ, ụlọ akwụkwọ na ndị ọzọ nwere mmasị n'ịgụ na ide, ịgụ na ndị na'eto eto. Njikọ ahụ nwere ma na-ahazi Red House Children's Book Award, naanị onyinye akwụkwọ mba UK nke ụmụaka họpụtara kpamkpam.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Childrens Book Award – The only national award voted for solely by children|url=http://childrensbookaward.org.uk/|accessdate=2020-11-23|language=en-GB|archivedate=2020-11-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126181718/http://childrensbookaward.org.uk/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Anne Wood, onye na-emepụta telivishọn ụmụaka na Britain, na onye mepụtara Teletubbies, guzobere Book Group mbụ iji kwalite ịnụ ọkụ n'obi maka na banyere akwụkwọ ụmụaka na 1965. N'oge na-adịghị anya, e guzobere ìgwè ndị ọzọ ma mepụta Federation of Children's Book Groups na 1968. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-06-06|title=Federation Of Children's Book Groups Celebrates 50 Years|url=https://www.achuka.co.uk/blog/federation-of-childrens-book-groups-celebrates-50-years/|accessdate=2020-11-27|work=ACHUKA Children's Books UK|language=en-US}}</ref>Ọtụtụ n'ime ìgwè ndị mbụ ka dị, ọ bụ ezie na ìgwè ọhụrụ na-etolite kwa afọ. == Ìgwè Akwụkwọ Obodo == * Nzukọ maka ndị okenye iji kwurịta akwụkwọ ụmụaka. * Ihe omume na ndị ọkà okwu nleta, gụnyere ndị edemede na ndị na-ese ihe osise. * Ihe omume maka ụmụaka dị ka ịkọ akụkọ na ihe ngosi akwụkwọ. == Edensibia == djt4wt9554zdmido6fb7oul31i581yq 0 35330 654214 596347 2026-06-07T01:30:41Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654214 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{Databox}} Na [[Orunotu|kọmpụta]], '''Windows Sockets API''' ('''WSA'''), nke e mechara mee ka ọ dị mkpirikpi '''Winsock''', bụ [[API|interface mmemme ngwa]] (API) nke na-akọwa etu ngwanrọ ngwa netwọk Windows ga-esi nweta ọrụ netwọk, ọkachasị TCP/IP / IP. Ọ na-akọwa interface ọkọlọtọ n'etiti ngwa onye ahịa Windows TCP / IP (dị ka Onye ahịa FTP ma ọ bụ ihe nchọgharị weebụ) na usoro TCP / IP dị n'okpuru. Nkọwa a dabere na Berkeley sockets API eji na BSD maka nkwukọrịta n'etiti mmemme. == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Usoro sistemụ arụmọrụ Microsoft mbụ, ma MS-DOS na Microsoft Windows, nyere ikike netwọk dị oke ala, dabere na NetBIOS. Karịsịa, Microsoft enyeghị nkwado maka usoro TCP / IP n'oge ahụ. Ọtụtụ ìgwè mahadum na ndị na-ere ahịa, gụnyere otu PC / IP na MIT, FTP Software, Sun Microsystems, Ungermann-Bass, na Excelan, webatara ngwaahịa TCP / IP maka MS-DOS, mgbe mgbe dị ka akụkụ nke ngwaike / ngwanrọ. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ Windows 2.0, ndị na-ere ahịa ndị a sonyeere ndị ọzọ dị ka Distinct na NetManage n'inye TCP / IP maka Windows. Ihe na-adịghị mma nke ndị na-ere ahịa a niile chere ihu bụ na onye ọ bụla n'ime ha jiri API nke ha (Application Programming Interface). Na-enweghị otu ụdị mmemme ọkọlọtọ, ọ siri ike ime ka ndị mmepe ngwanrọ nwere onwe ha mepụta ngwa netwọk nke ga-arụ ọrụ na mmejuputa TCP / IP nke onye na-ere ahịa ọ bụla. Tinye eziokwu ahụ bụ na ndị ọrụ ikpeazụ na-akpachara anya ka a kpọchie ha n'ime otu onye na-ere ahịa ma o doro anya na ọ dị mkpa ka a kwado ha. Ọrụ Windows Sockets malitere na nnọkọ Birds Of A Feather nke e mere na Interop '91 na San Jose n'October 10, 1991. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Winsock Version 1.0 Rev.A|url=https://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~heha/hsn/winsock.zip/WINSOCK.DOC?auto=TXT|accessdate=8 October 2020|archivedate=18 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718001433/https://www-user.tu-chemnitz.de/~heha/hsn/winsock.zip/WINSOCK.DOC?auto=TXT}}</ref> Ọ dabeere na nkọwapụta socket nke NetManage mepụtara na nke ọ tinyere na ngalaba ọha na eze na nzukọ a. N'oge ahụ, NetManage socket bụ naanị 100% DLL dabeere, ngwaahịa multi-threaded maka Windows 3.0 dị. Martin Hall, Mark Towfiq nke Microdyne (mgbe e mesịrị Sun Microsystems), Geoff Arnold nke Sun Microssystems, na Henry Sanders na J Allard nke Microsoft dere mbipụta mbụ nke nkọwa ahụ, site n'enyemaka nke ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|[citation <span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> E nwere mkparịta ụka ụfọdụ banyere otu esi edozi ikike nwebisiinka, ihe onwunwe ọgụgụ isi, na nsogbu ndị nwere ike imegide ntụkwasị obi, a tụlere ịrụ ọrụ site na IETF ma ọ bụ iguzobe ntọala na-enweghị uru. N'ikpeazụ, e kpebiri na nkọwa ahụ ga-abụ naanị ndị edemede ise ahụ ka ha bụrụ ndị na-enweghị njikọ. Ndị mmepe niile na-esonye guzogidere mbelata aha ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Winsock dị mfe ruo ogologo oge, [a chọrọ nkọwa] ebe enwere nnukwu mgbagwoju anya n'etiti ndị ọrụ.n'etiti API na faịlụ ọba akwụkwọ DLL (winsock.dll) nke na-ekpughe naanị interfaces WSA nkịtị na ngwa dị n'elu ya. Ndị ọrụ ga-na-ekwenyekarị na naanị ijide n'aka na faịlụ DLL dị na sistemụ ga-enye nkwado protocol TCP/IP zuru oke. == Teknụzụ == Nkọwapụta Windows Sockets [[API]] na-akọwa interface abụọ: API nke ndị mmepe ngwa na-eji, na SPI, nke na-enye ụzọ maka ndị mmepe ngwanrọ netwọk iji gbakwunye modulu protocol ọhụrụ na usoro ahụ. Njikọ ọ bụla na-anọchite anya nkwekọrịta. API na-ekwe nkwa na ngwa kwekọrọ ga-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na mmejuputa usoro kwekọrọ site na onye ọ bụla na-ere ngwanrọ netwọk. Nkwekọrịta SPI na-ekwe nkwa na enwere ike ịgbakwunye usoro nkwekọrịta na Windows ma si otú a ga-abụ nke ngwa API ga-eji mee ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na nkwekọrịta ndị a dị mkpa mgbe a tọhapụrụ Windows Sockets na mbụ, ebe ọ bụ na gburugburu netwọk chọrọ nkwado multi-protocol (lee n'elu) ha bụ ugbu a naanị mmasị agụmakwụkwọ. Ntinye na Windows Sockets API version 2.0 bụ ọrụ iji IPX / SPX, ọ bụ ezie na usoro iwu ahụ adịlarị n'oge WSA 2.0 zitere. Microsoft ebutewo usoro TCP/IP / IP na nsụgharị Windows niile na-adịbeghị anya, ọ nweghịkwa ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. Enweghịkwa mmasị dị ukwuu n'ịmejuputa usoro ndị ọzọ karịa TCP / IP. Koodu na imewe Windows Sockets dabere na sockets BSD, mana ọ na-enye ọrụ ndị ọzọ iji kwe ka API gbasoo usoro mmemme Windows. Windows Sockets API kpuchiri ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ atụmatụ niile nke sockets API BSD, mana enwere ụfọdụ ihe mgbochi a na-apụghị izere ezere nke na-esikarị na ọdịiche dị n'etiti Windows na Unix (ọ bụ ezie na Windows Sockets dị obere na sockets BSD karịa nke ikpeazụ mere na STREAMS). Ọkpụkpọ ọrụ niile dị na API na-amalite na aha , dịka maka izipu data na oghere ejikọrọ.   Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ebumnuche imewe nke Windows Sockets na ọ ga-adịtụ mfe maka ndị mmepe na ngwa ndị dabeere na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri site na Unix ruo Windows. A naghị ele ya anya dị ka ihe zuru ezu iji mepụta API nke bara uru naanị maka mmemme Windows e dere ọhụrụ. N'ihi nke a, Windows Sockets gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe ndị e mere iji mee ka ọ dịrị mfe ịkwagharị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ngwa Unix nwere ike iji otu errno variable dekọọ ma njehie netwọk na njehie achọpụta n'ime ọrụ ọbá akwụkwọ C. Ebe ọ bụ na nke a agaghị ekwe omume na Windows, Windows Sockets webatara ọrụ raara onwe ya nye, , iji weghachite ozi njehie.  Usoro ndị dị otú ahụ bara uru, mana ntinye ngwa nọgidere na-agbagwoju anya. E mepụtara ọtụtụ ngwa TCP/IP / IP mbụ site na iji atụmatụ sistemụ kpọmkwem na Unix, dị ka pseudo terminals na oku usoro fork, na imepụtaghachi ọrụ dị otú ahụ na Windows bụ nsogbu. N'ime oge dị mkpirikpi, porting nyere ohere maka mmepe nke ngwa Windows raara onwe ya nye. == Nkọwapụta == * Version 1.0 (June 1992) kọwara ọrụ bụ isi nke Winsock. A na-edebe ya nso na interface dị ugbu a nke Berkeley sockets iji mee ka porting nke ngwa ndị dị ugbu a dị mfe. A gbakwunyere mgbatị Windows ole na ole, ọkachasị maka ọrụ asynchronous na ọkwa ozi. : Ọ bụ ezie na akwụkwọ ahụ egbochighị nkwado TCP / IP, TCP na UDP bụ naanị protocols a kpọtụrụ aha n'ụzọ doro anya. Ọtụtụ ndị na-ere ahịa na-enye nkwado TCP / IP, ọ bụ ezie na Winsock sitere na DEC gụnyere nkwado DECNet. * Version 1.1 (January 1993) mere ọtụtụ obere mgbazi na nkọwapụta nke nkọwa ahụ. Mgbanwe kachasị mkpa bụ itinye ọrụ .  * Winsock 2 bụ ndọtị na-adaba azụ nke Winsock 1.1. Ọ gbakwunyere nkwado maka mkpebi aha na-adabere na protocol, ọrụ asynchronous na ọkwa ndị dabeere na ihe omume na usoro mmezu, mmejuputa usoro, multicasting, na ogo ọrụ. O mekwara nkwado maka ọtụtụ protocols, gụnyere IPX / SPX na DECnet. Nkọwapụta ọhụrụ ahụ nyere ohere ịkekọrịta sockets n'etiti usoro, arịrịọ njikọ na-abata ka a nabata ya, na ọrụ ụfọdụ a ga-eme na ìgwè socket karịa sockets ọ bụla. Ọ bụ ezie na nkọwapụta ọhụrụ ahụ dị iche na Winsock 1, ọ nyere isi iyi na ọkwa abụọ na Winsocks 1.1 API. Otu n'ime mgbakwunye ndị a na-amaghị nke ọma bụ Service Provider Interface (SPI) API na Layered Service Providers. * Nsụgharị 2.0.x (May 1994 gaa n'ihu) nwere ọnọdụ ederede n'ime, a kpọghịkwa ya dị ka ụkpụrụ ọha na eze. * Version 2.1.0 (January 1996) bụ ntọhapụ mbụ nke Winsock 2 specification. * Version 2.2.0 (May 1996) gụnyere ọtụtụ obere mgbazi, nkọwa, na aro iji ya. Ọ bụkwa ụdị mbụ wepụrụ nkwado maka ngwa Windows 16-bit. * Version 2.2.1 (May 1997) na Version 2.2.2 (August 1997) webatara obere mmelite ọrụ. A gbakwunyere usoro maka ịjụ ajụjụ na ịnata ọkwa nke mgbanwe na nhazi netwọk na usoro. * IPv6 Technical Preview maka Windows 2000 (December 2000) hụrụ mmejuputa mbu nke RFC 2553 (March 1999, mgbe e mesịrị RFC 3493), API kwụụrụ onwe ya maka mkpebi aha, nke ga-aghọ akụkụ nke Winsock na Windows XP. == Mmelite na Windows 8 == Windows 8 gụnyere ndọtị "RIO" (Registered IO) maka Winsock. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/BUILD/BUILD2011/SAC-593T|title=New techniques to develop low-latency network apps|work=Channel 9}}</ref> A na-eme ndọtị ndị a iji belata ihe onye ọrụ na-eme na mgbanwe nke kernel maka ụzọ data netwọk na ụzọ ọkwa, mana jiri ihe ndị ọzọ nke Windows TCP na UDP (ma jiri kaadị netwọk dị ugbu a). Ụzọ nhazi (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọrụ "njikọ") agbanwebeghị site na ụzọ Winsock. == Mmejuputa == === Mmejuputa Microsoft === * Microsoft enyeghị mmejuputa nke Winsock 1.0. * E nyere mbipute 1.1 nke Winsock na ngwugwu mgbakwunye (nke a na-akpọ Wolverine) maka Windows maka Workgroups (koodu a na- woowe '''Snowball'''). Ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke Windows 95 na Windows NT site na nsụgharị 3.5 na-aga n'ihu (nke mbụ dị na Windows NT, mbipute 3.1, gụnyere naanị mmejuputa TCP / IP nke na-ezughị ezu dabere na AT&T UNIX System V "STREAMS" API ).  * E nyere mbipụta 2.1 nke Winsock na ngwugwu mgbakwunye maka Windows 95. Ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke Windows 98, Windows NT 4.0, na mbipụta Windows niile sochirinụ. (Microsoft enyeghị mmejuputa nke Winsock 2 maka Windows 3.x ma ọ bụ Windows NT 3.x.) * E nyela nsụgharị Winsock 2.x na-adịbeghị anya na mbipụta Windows ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ dịka akụkụ nke ngwugwu ọrụ. * Winsock 2 nwere ike ịgbasa site na usoro a maara dị ka Layered Service Provider (LSP). Winsock LSPs dị maka ọtụtụ ebumnuche bara uru, gụnyere njikwa nne na nna Ịntanetị, nzacha ọdịnaya weebụ, QoS wdg. A na-edebe usoro nhazi nke ndị na-enye ihe niile na Winsock Catalog. Na nsụgharị Windows gara aga, iwepu buggy LSP nwere ike ịkpata nrụrụ aka nke Winsock catalog na ndekọ, nke nwere ike ịpụta na mfu nke ''njikọ netwọk niile''. Winsock na Windows XP Service Pack 2, Windows Server 2003 Service Pack 1 na sistemụ arụmọrụ Windows niile mechara nwee ikike ịgwọ onwe ya mgbe onye ọrụ wepụrụ ụdị LSP. === Ntinye ndị ọzọ === * N'etiti ndị na-ere ahịa ndị ọzọ na-enye usoro TCP / IP na UDP / IP na Winsock bụ (n'usoro mkpụrụ akwụkwọ) 3Com, Beame & Whiteside, DEC, Distinct, Frontier, FTP Software, IBM, Microdyne, NetManage, Novell, Sun Microsystems na Trumpet Software International. * <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fastcompany.com/3053173/the-legacy-of-1995/what-it-was-like-to-build-a-website-in-1995|title=What It Was Like To Build A World Wide Web Site In 1995|date=18 November 2015|work=fastcompany.com}}</ref> Winsock nke Peter Tattam <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/04/26/mosaic_20_anniversary/|title=Mosaic turns 20: Let's fire up the old girl, show her the web today|work=theregister.co.uk}}</ref> otu n'ime mmejuputa Winsock 1.0 ole na ole enwere ike itinye n'okpuru Windows 3.0, nke na-enweghị nkwado maka Winsock. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trumpet.com.au/index.php/downloads.html|title=Downloads|work=www.trumpet.com.au}}</ref> bụkwa mmejuputa shareware kachasị ewu ewu nke Winsock maka Windows 3.x. Trumpet Winsock 5.0 dị maka Windows 95/98 na Windows NT ma gụnye Winsock 1.1 kwekọrọ na IPv6 maka sistemụ arụmọrụ ndị a. * Ọrụ mmanya ahụ nwere isi iyi na binary dakọtara reimplementation nke Winsock n'elu BSD sockets API. == Hụkwa == * Okpokoro Berkeley * Onye na-enye Ọrụ Layered (Winsock LSP) == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/what-s-new-for-windows-sockets-2 MSDN - Windows Socket 2 Gịnị bụ Ntuziaka Ọhụrụ] * [https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/winsock/windows-sockets-start-page-2 MSDN - Windows Socket 2 Mmalite peeji] * Sockets FAQ - Windows Sockets FAQ * na Wayback Machine (echekwa March 3, 2016) - Winsock C++ Programming * [http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms740096.aspx Iwere mmemme Berkley Socket gaa Winsock] * Windows Network Development blog - Microsoft developer blog na-ekpuchi Winsock, WSK, WinINet, Http.sys, WinHttp, QoS na System.Net, na-elekwasị anya na atụmatụ ndị a na-ewebata na Windows Vista * [http://www.microsoft.com/misc/features/features_flshbk.htm Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi nke Microsoft na Weebụ] * [http://www.sockets.com/ Ihe ọmụma mmepe WinSock] * [http://tangentsoft.net/wskfaq/ Ajụjụ ọnụ nke Winsock Programmer] 6d5nmosphtohh82t95ik06c0585fxth 0 36184 654207 150144 2026-06-07T01:27:33Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Removing null area 654207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''''Ana Horra''''' or '''''Ana Hurra''''' bụ ihe nkiri Egypt 1959 nke Lobna Abdel Aziz mere <ref>[http://www.elcinema.com/work/wk1010170/ elCinema "Movie: Ana Horra"]</ref>''Ana Horra'' na-ejikọta ya na mmalite nke ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị na Ihe nkiri ndị Ijipt na 1960s. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.buyarabic.com/storeItem.asp?ic=VIAR000356 |title=Buy Arabic |accessdate=2024-02-14 |archivedate=2012-03-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304003135/http://www.buyarabic.com/storeItem.asp?ic=VIAR000356 }}</ref> makwaara ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka akụkụ nke Salah Abu Seif's Empowerment of Women Trilogy . [1] <ref>[https://www.amazon.com/Free-Hurra-Arabic-English-Subtitles/dp/B001V84HQI Amazon]</ref>'oge ya, ihe nkiri a megidere nkwekọrịta ndị na-agbaso omenala nke ndị Ijipt na ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na ya. == Nchịkọta atụmatụ == Ihe nkiri a bụ akụkọ banyere nkụda mmụọ nke nwa agbọghọ kọleji na usoro nna ochie nke ụmụ nwoke na Ijipt. N'ịbụ nke e wepụtara na 1959, ihe nkiri ahụ na-ejide ọtụtụ n'ime mmetụta ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 1960 na ịnụ ọkụ n'obi ya zuru oke na Ijipt. Onye na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ, Amina, nke Lubna Abdel Aziz mere, bụ nwa agbọghọ bi na ezinụlọ nwanne nne ya nke gụnyere nwanne nna ya na nwa nwanne ya. Ndị ikom nọ na ndụ ya na-eme ka isiokwu nke ọchịchị nwoke na fim ahụ sikwuo ike site na mgbochi ha na ndụ ya. == Ndị agwa == * Amina ([[Lobna Abdel Aziz]]) - Amina bụ nwa agbọghọ na-enweghị ike ịnabata ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị nke ndị Ijipt. Ọ na-ahụ onwe ya ka ọ na-enweghị ike ịnagide ụkpụrụ abụọ nke oge ya. * Abass ([[Shoukry Sarhan]]) * Nwanne nne Amina (Zouzou Nabil) * Di nwanne nne Amina (Hussein Riyad) * Nwa nwanne nne Amina (Hassan Yusef) * Nna Amina (Mohammad Abd al Qudoos) <ref>[http://www.elcinema.com/work/wk1010170/ elCinema "Movie: Ana Horra"]</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} 724334mm1ebzt0mejzgvqab2u322rso 0 36667 654218 540200 2026-06-07T01:32:14Z Wikipedian12512 61424 rm duplicated link 654218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Usòrò:Hôtel_Le_Cactus_Vert.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|250x250px|Ihe ịrịba ama na French na Antananarivo.]] A na-asụkarị [[Asụsụ Malagasy]], nke sitere na Austronesian, n'àgwàetiti ahụ dum. [[Asụsụ obodo|Asụsụ gọọmentị]] nke [[Madagascar]] bụ Malagasy na [[Asụsụ French|French]]. Madagascar bụ mba na-asụ French, na 2022, ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ndị bi na Madagascar na-asụrụ French, ya bụ nde mmadụ 7.7 n'ime nde mmadụ 29.1 (26.5%). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Estimation des populations francophones dans le monde en 2022|url=https://observatoire.francophonie.org//wp-content/uploads/2022/03/odsef-lfdm-2022.pdf|author=Richard|first=Marcoux|accessdate=2023-01-14|work=[[Organisation internationale de la Francophonie]]|language=fr}}</ref> Na Iwu Iwu mbụ nke 1958, a kpọrọ Malagasy na French asụsụ gọọmentị nke mba Madagascar. <ref>"Le malgache et le français sont les langues officielles de la République Malgache." Constitution, Titre I, Art. 2; Constitutional Law 14 October 1958.</ref> Enweghị asụsụ gọọmentị a kpọtụrụ aha na Iwu Iwu nke afọ 1992. Kama nke ahụ, a kpọrọ Malagasy asụsụ mba; Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ isi mmalite ka na-azọrọ na Malagasy na French bụ asụsụ gọọmentị, dịka ha bụ ''n'ezie''. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2000, otu nwa amaala wetara ikpe n'ihi na mbipụta nke akwụkwọ gọọmentị n'asụsụ French bụ naanị iwu na-akwadoghị. Ụlọikpe dị elu nke Iwu ahụ kwuru na mkpebi ya <ref>[http://www.saflii.org/mg/cases/MGHCC/2000/1.html Haute Cour Constitutionnelle De Madagascar, Décision n°03-HCC/D2 Du 12 avril 2000]</ref> na, n'enweghị iwu asụsụ, French ka nwere ọdịdị nke asụsụ gọọmentị. Na Iwu Iwu nke afọ 2007, Malagasy nọgidere na-abụ asụsụ mba ebe a na-ewebata asụsụ gọọmentị: Malagasy, French, na Bekee. Ihe kpaliri itinye Bekee n'otu akụkụ iji melite mmekọrịta ya na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu ebe a na-eji Bekee eme ihe na iji gbaa ndị mba ọzọ ume itinye ego. E wepụrụ Bekee dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị site na iwu kwadoro site na ndị na-eme ntụli aka na Nọvemba 2010. Ndị mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị <ref name="crisisgroup">{{Cite web|url=http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/southern-africa/madagascar/166%20Madagascar%20a%20un%20tournant%20critique.ashx|title=Madagascar: La Crise a un Tournant Critique?|accessdate=2010-11-25|work=International Crisis Group|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725204902/http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/southern-africa/madagascar/166%20Madagascar%20a%20un%20tournant%20critique.ashx|archivedate=2011-07-25}}</ref> ọ bụ ndị mba ụwa anabataghị nsonaazụ ndị a, bụ ndị kwuru na ha enweghị nghọta na ntinye aka na nhazi nke ntuli aka site na High Transitional Authority. == Asụsụ ndị ka nta == [[Maore Comorian|Maore]]_Comorian" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Maore Comorian">Maore Comorian, nke a na-akpọkwa Comorian, Comores Swahili, Komoro, Comoro, ma ọ bụ Shimaore, nwere olumba abụọ, Maore, na Shindzwani / Hindzuani. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4592|title=Did you know Maore Comorian is threatened?|work=Endangered Languages|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-17|archivedate=2021-01-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210131144838/http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/lang/4592}}</ref> na-ewere ya dị ka ihe na-eyi egwu site na Endangered Language Project. == Edensibia == mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu ebe a na-eji Bekee eme ihe na iji gbaa ndị mba ọzọ ume itinye ego. E wepụrụ Bekee dị ka asụsụ gọọmentị site na iwu kwadoro site na ndị na-eme ntụli aka na Nọvemba 2010. Ndị mmegide ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụ ndị mba ụwa anabataghị nsonaazụ ndị a, bụ ndị kwuru na ha enweghị nghọta na ntinye aka na nhazi nke ntuli aka site na High Transitional{{Reflist}} 0h81dlm55wkcvrn0wi23wohw4hinspa 0 39470 654247 156044 2026-06-07T06:03:09Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654247 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Amina Fouad''' (amụrụ (1980-10-04 )) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ volleyball nwanyị Egypt lara ezumike nka. Ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị mba Egypt na 2002 FIVB Volleyball World Championship na Germany. N'ọkwa klọb ya na Elahly gbara egwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fivb.ch/EN/Volleyball/Competitions/WorldChampionships/Women/2002/Teams/Team_Roster.asp?Code=EGY|title=Team Rosters - Egypt|work=www.fivb.ch|accessdate=|archivedate=18 November 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101118082442/http://www.fivb.ch/En/Volleyball/Competitions/WorldChampionships/Women/2002/Teams/Team_Roster.asp?Code=EGY}}</ref> == Klọb == * Elahly (2002) == Edensibia == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * http://www.worldofvolley.com/wov-community/players/47984/amina-fouad-abd-elsalam-.html * http://www.fivb.org/vis_web/volley/wwch2002/pdf/match030.pdf [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] sppt3ncruzqm0h7faebmdxjwog6qgbz 0 40240 654183 157575 2026-06-06T20:18:00Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654183 wikitext text/x-wiki  Jonathan Greatorex ( ከውጭ 1970) bụ onye nkuzi egwu Britain bụ onye ama na mba niile maka egwu aka ya na "Salters Hill Scandal" na Lambeth wee bụrụ otu n'ime ndị na-akwado ikike ndị UK na ndị mgbasa ozi == Ọrụ == Ọ bụrụ egwu egwu ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 10 dị ka Choral Scholar na Llandaff Cathedral .  Site n'ebe ahụ ọ gara n'ihu na Christ College tupu ya agụchaa akwụkwọ na London College of Music n'okpuru nduzi nke John McCabe, Michael Goldthorpe na Pamela Bowden nwụrụ anwụ. Ọ bụ onye mbụ mbụ, Ọkachamara Egwu nke Primary na Junior.  Ọ bụbu onye isi egwu na ụfọdụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ụmụ London na-eduga ma nwee ọnọdụ site na nkuzi Choral ruo “Technology Information Technology”.  Edekọwo ma ọrụ ya na eserese na ụlọ ọrụ redio mba. Ọ bụ onye isi egwu na James Allen's Preparatory School na London site na ebe ọ kwagara ịbụ onye isi egwu na Croydon High School Junior Department maka afọ 5 tupu ọ kwaga Wales na 2007 ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ oge niile dị ka onye na-ahụ  maka egwu egwu na iche na-akwụghị ụgwọ.  onye na-ese foto yana ịbụ onye pilot tozuru oke. Ọ bụ onye edemede nke nkwado nke ọrụ maka ọrụ egwu, nke nwere ike ị na-enwe ndị na-agụ egwu egwu na-azụ ndị na-agụ site na ntọala ruo isi ọkwa 2 .  Ọ bụkwa naanị n'ịhazi egwu a na-enweta maka ụmụaka Junior School makwara egwu maka ọtụtụ egwu egwu. == Salters Hill na mgbe == Ọdụ onye ama maka iwu o mere megide Kansụl Lambeth na-esochi "Salters Hill Scandal" [1] ebe ọ .  puku pound.  Okwu ikpe furu Lambeth akpụkpọ na Greatorex na-eweghachi £ 176 nke ọnụ aha n'Igbo ikpe ikpe, na-agba ọsọ egwu ikpe ndị na-adabaghị na Lambeth mere ihe "N'ihe ezi uche" [2] n'ịgbaso ikpe ahụ  . Ọ na-aga n'ihu ugbu a egwu aka ya na okwu gbasara ikike ikike ndị site n'ibute mgbasa ozi "Light Up Powys" n'okporoámá ọkụ, [1] WorkBully, [2] ire iji ikike mmegbu n'ebe  ọrụ ma ọ bụrụ onye mgbasa ozi mgbe niile maka redio na iyi.  n'okwu dị iche iche iche iche ndị agha na ikike obodo == Ntụaka == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] b5vopju6sxn1c816zpsxyww0fc4oene 0 40590 654239 158058 2026-06-07T05:59:42Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Elizabeth_blount,_Lady_Thomas_Pope.png|thumb| Dame Paulet, n'oge alụmdi na nwunye ya na Sir Thomas Pope]] [[Usòrò:Entrance_to_Coopers_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_852869.jpg|thumb| Ọnụ ụzọ dị ndụ etinyere n'ime mgbidi n'aka ekpe nke ọnụ ụzọ Coopers Square]] Dame Elizabeth Paulet hibere Dame Paulet's Almshouses nso n'ahịa Burton n'elu Trent, Staffordshire na 1593 iji nye ebe obibi na nkwado maka ndị agadi ise, ụmụ dara ogbenye nke obodo.  1871–72, ebe ụmụ ekiri kwagara n'alụ ọhụrụ.  E mechara jiri ihe owuwu ahụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ozi na ụlọ ọrụ igwe na nha tupu ọ daa. Ebibiri ozu ndị ahụ na 1974 mgbe arụrụ ụlọ ọrụ Coopers Square .  Aha ụzọ sitere na ihe owuwu 1593 na-adị ndụ ma ike ya na ike ike nke Primark. == Ntọala == A nwanne Elizabeth Blount na Burton n'elu Trent, ebe ebe ya ama ama.  [1] [2] Ndị ajụjụ ya bụ MP Walter Blount nke Nether Hall, Burton na emesia nke Blount's Hall, Staffordshire, na nri ya Margaret ma ọ bụ Mary.  [3] [4] Allọmdi na mbụ bụ Anthony Beresford nke Thorpe, Derbyshire.  Ọ ọmụmụ Sir Thomas Pope, onye nwe ala bara uru nke ntọala ntọala Trinity College, Oxford .  Ọnwụ Pope Elizabeth echere di ya ọnwụ bara ịrịba ama ịhụnanya Sir Hugh Paulet .  [4] Ọ nwụrụ na 1593 wee lie ya, ya na Thomas Pope na-enye nke abụọ Margaret, n'ili o wuru n'ime ụlọ ụka na Trinity College.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Hopkins ·|first=Clare|title=Trinity 450 Years of an Oxford College Community|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-951896-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4FvFiVO_Rh8C}}</ref> <ref name="vch">{{Cite book|title=A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 9, Burton-Upon-Trent|date=2003|publisher=Victoria County History|location=London|pages=156–162|url=https://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/staffs/vol9/pp156-162#h3-0005}}</ref>Na 1593 Elizabeth, onye bụ Dame Paulet mgbe ahụ, mere ndokwa maka nkwado nke ụmụ anụmanụ dara ogbenye na Burton.  O nyere ego sitere na ala na Fenny Bentley, Derbyshire na ego sitere na ihe mmetụta na Clerkenwell, Middlesex na enyi obi nke okpukpe ya inye ndị agadi ise na ndị inyom na-alụ nwanyị di na obodo.  [1] En, 'A sị na ị na-ahụ maka ọdịnihu' elu Street 'Niebe Ọ bụ na ọzọ maka ngwa ngwa.  Ihe owuwu ahụ bụ ụlọ elu, ala dị ala nke nwe ọnụ ụlọ ise na otu ụlọ elu nwere otu nnukwu ọnụ ụlọ.  Ụmụ ndị na-achọ obi nwanne bụkarị ndị inyom di ha ọnwụ;  yana ebe obibi n'efu na ụlọ alms, ụmụ na-enweta 26s 8d, uwe mwụda, smock na apron kwa afọ == Ọrụ == Site na 1789 Burton ekiri ekiri coal efu n'elu ọrụ ebere obodo Trent.  Ụmụ akwụkwọ a ga-akwado bụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ndị nọchiri anya ọrụ a na 1791 site n'aka ndị ọrụ ebere obodo obodo.  Site na 1823 ụlọ elu nke ụlọ alms eji eji ụmụ eme ihe ma na-ahapụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ebe nchekwa.  [1] Ndị Dame Paulet almhouses Trust ji ego nfefe ọ ALA mgbasa ozi maka akwụkwọ nke ụlọ almshouse.  Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1690 ịhụnanya obi ike ego ụzo sitere na ala Chelmorton, Derbyshire site na onye enyemaka ama egosi.  Ka ọ na-erule 1709 obi ahụ kọrọ ego ọ na-enweta kwa afọ nke £20 15. Ọ tụfuru afọ Clerkenwell site na 1764, n'agbanyeghị na ego ọ na-enweta akara ruo £43 5s.  Nkwụ ụgwọ awụ maka ụmụ ekiri ise a eruola £10 10s site na 1780s wee kwuo ya na £12 10s na 1807 na ọzọ ruo £15 na 1821. Ka ọ na-erule 1823, ego a na-enweta kwa afọ nke obi  bụ £81 17, na-arrị elu ruo £91 16 na 1861 == Ihe nketa == Dame Paulet almshouse ịhụnanya obi, yana ndị ọrụ ebere obodo na ndị obi ndị ọzọ na-azụ obi n'ime obodo ahụ, etinyere na Consolidated Charity of Burton-Upon-Trent, nke hiwere na 1861 na, na 1871–72, ụmụ amụrụ.  sitere na Paulet, Parker na E wu ụlọ ụlọ alms nke Johnson n'ihe ezina eji arụrụ ọhụrụ na Wellington Street.  [1] A kwaturu ọtụtụ n'ime ụlọ alms nke Dame Paulet ma guzobe ụlọ ọrụ ọrụ ozi na saịtị ahụ.  [1] E mechara jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ nrụnye na nha .  [2] ndị ahụ dịgidere n'Ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya ruo 1914 mana e mebiri ya nke ukwuu site na 1974 mgbe a kwaturu ya dị ka nke nke owuwu nke ntaramahụhụ Coopers Square <ref name="vch" /> <ref name="kreft">{{Cite news|author=Kreft|first=Helen|title=Historic Burton structure you might never have known was there|url=https://www.derbytelegraph.co.uk/burton/history-burton-plaque-almshouses-2573259|accessdate=23 July 2021|work=DerbyshireLive|date=2 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="kreft" />Ụzọ mbụ nke mbụ nke adọ nke iri na isii nke almshouse na-adị ndụ ma tinye ya na akara mpụta nke ụlọ aha Primark na mpaghara aha, dị ka "ọnụ ụzọ na-ama ebe ọ llabọ".  [1] nwe ụzọ nke nkume a na-achọ mma nnukwu pediment nke ụbọchị akara e wuru ma jiri uwe aka nke ihe Blount ngwaọrụ ya.  Na 1930s e we ụzọ ụzọ.  Onye na-ese okwute desaar ụbọchị ahụ nke ebibiri ya.  Ọ gụ́ ihe odide mbụ nke " Anno Domini " dị ka "Ọ dịghị Domini" wee ike ịkanye ya dị ka "Enweghị Domi Ni" iji mee ka ọ rịa nhịahụ.  [1] Ọkpụkpụ a ka dị taa.  Dị ka ọrụ nke 1974, imere ike ihe ọmụma n'etiti ọnụ ụzọ iji isi nke etiti obodo ahụ. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Aha]] 6m9esbvy6ce9h8y66keaay855p36h8k 0 40840 654221 538809 2026-06-07T01:33:17Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Shouldn’t link to en.wiki 654221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Beatrice Were''' (amụrụ n'ihe dị ka n'afọ 1966) bụ onye na-ahụ maka Ọrịa AIDS na [[Uganda|Ugandan]]. Ọ chọpụtara na o bu nje HIV na afo 1991, otu ọnwa mgbe di ya nwụsịrị n'ọrịa AIDS. == Ọrụ ọ na-aru == N'afọ 1993, Beatrice Were guzobere otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị NACWOLA iji jikọta ụmụ nwanyị Uganda na-arịa ọrịa HIV na imeziwanye ndụ ha bu umu nwanyi ndi na aria ori HIV. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nhazi mba nke NACWOLA, yana dị ka onye isi nhazi nke International Community of Women Living with HIV / AIDS, Uganda. Ọ bụ onye nhazi mba maka HIV / AIDS maka ActionAid Uganda ugbu a. == Mgbalị == Otu n'ime ndị na-ahụ maka ọrịa AIDS n'Afrịka, Beatrice Were abụrụla onye a ma ama maka nkatọ siri ike ọ na-akatọ Iwu ọrịa AIDS zuru mba ụwa ọnụ nke United States. Ọ na-ebo gọọmentị America ebubo na ha na-agbagọ usoro mgbochi oria HIV n'Africa n'ihi usoro na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke na-adịghị mma, ma si otú a na-eme ka ihere na-etinye ndụ n'ihe ize ndụ. Okwu ya na XVI International AIDS Conference na Toronto, ebe ọ wakporo usoro "ABC" maka Mgbochi HIV, mere ka a na-eti ya otuto.[https://web.archive.org/web/20060928200405/http://www.kaisernetwork.org/health_cast/hcast_index.cfm?display=detail&hc=1811] == Ihe nrite == E nyere Were ihe nrite InterAction Humanitarian Award n'afọ 2003. O nwetakwala ihe nrite Human Rights Defender Award, nsọpụrụ kachasị elu nke Human Rights Watch nyere. ==Edensibia== * [http://www.actionaid.org/main.aspx?PageID=236 Beatrice nọ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ActionAid]  * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070813195054/http://www.positivenation.co.uk/issue126/features/feature4/feature4.htm Ịnọ n'Ụwa] * [http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/10/25/uganda11920.htm Human Rights Watch Na-asọpụrụ Onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa AIDS na Uganda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061004142821/http://www.aegis.com/news/ap/2006/AP060319.html Ndị Uganda na-akọ ozi dị iche iche banyere atụmatụ ọrịa AIDS] {{DEFAULTSORT:Were, Beatrice}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1lz0qs89a4n57kmdwk6fq9dy2otxvz2 0 41416 654169 159213 2026-06-06T19:48:58Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654169 wikitext text/x-wiki Barnabus bụ ọrụ ebere Ndị Layer dabere na Manchester nke na-enye Nkwado ndị na-eche ebe obibi na ndị na-achọ ike site na ebe ebe ya. Ọrụ ebere ahụ nwere obere ndị ọrụ ndị ọrụ nkwado na ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ afụ 70.<ref name="Charity Choice">{{Cite web|url=http://www.charitychoice.co.uk/barnabusmanchest|title=Barnabus Manchester|publisher=Charity Choice|accessdate=20 August 2015}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Barnabus Akụkọ na 1991, dị ka onye nchoputa Peter Green ji akpa sandwiches na thermos flask n'okporo ụzọ nke obodo ahụ, na-ezute ndị na-anya ebe obibi ma na-enye ndị nọ ná mkpa nri.  N'afọ 2000 ka egwure ebe Beacon Drop-In Center.  [1] Onye ọkpọ Ricky Hatton ikú onye na-elekọta Barnabus na 2013. [2] Na 2014 ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ Manchester Sankeys akwụkwọ ya na Barnabus, na-enye ndị ọrụ ebere ihe ndị a na-akwụghị ụgwọ sitere na ụlọ ụlọ.  anụ ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dial2donate.org/sankeys-winter-barnabus/|title=Manchester nightclub helps the homeless stay warm this winter|publisher=Dial2Donate|accessdate=20 August 2015}}</ref> == Beacon Drop-In Center == Beacon Drop-In Center dị na Bloom Street na etiti obodo Manchester .  [1] Ọ na-agụ ụbọchị ise na mgbede ise, na-enye nri, uwe dị ọcha, blanketị, ịsa ahụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ihe LED/ama mposi maka obodo ndị na- mama ebe obibi.  Ebe etiti ahụ na-enweta ihe dị ka egwu 600 kwa izu.  Ndị ọbịa na-enwe ike isonye na klaas bekee, ngwaọrụ na ngwaọrụ na IT, yana nka na mmemme mmemme ọha na eze na obodo ndị ọzọ.  A na- ndị na-akpata ọrịa a na ndị na-ahụ maka ngwaọrụ aka na mgbede abụọ n'izu <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barnabus-manchester.org.uk/what_we_do.html|title=The Beacon Drop-In Centre|publisher=Barnabus|accessdate=20 August 2015}}</ref> == Egwuregwu bọọlụ == <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.barnabus-manchester.org.uk/street_soccer.html|title=Street Soccer|publisher=Barnabus|accessdate=20 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207230703/http://www.barnabus-manchester.org.uk/street_soccer.html|archivedate=7 February 2016}}</ref>N'afọ 2005, Barnabus na Manchester City Mission gba iso iji guzobe atumatu Street Soccer, nke nyere ụmụ nwoke na-enwe ebe obibi ụlọ ụlọ aka na mmemme agha ahaziri hazi.  [1] Taa Street Soccer na-arụ ọrụ na mpaghara ise ma na-enwe ndị mgbe niile na ndị nwoke 50 nọ n'afọ niile == Ihe nrite na nnabata == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theyworkforyou.com/wms/?id=2005-06-06a.33WS.6|title=Home Department written statement|first=Paul|author=Goggins|publisher=TheyWorkForYou|date=2 June 2005|accessdate=20 August 2015}}</ref>Na 2005 Barnabus ihe nri nri nke Queen Elizabeth II 'Unsung Heroes' maka ọrụ apụta atụ. == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.barnabus-manchester.org.uk/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Barnabus] [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] gh1hhwh90bjwljvdtn31df2axdmsbut 0 42112 654208 623430 2026-06-07T01:27:45Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Austin_Village_8.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Ụfọdụ n'ime narị abụọ osisi cedar arụchara bungalow, nke ewuru n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Obodo Nta Austin.]] [[Usòrò:Austin_Village_OS_map_1936_1_2500_25_inch.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Obodo Austin dị n'etiti agha - Nyocha Ordnance 1: 2500 map, 1936, na-egosi ogige gburugburu obodo.]] {{Databox}}'''Obodo Austin''' bụ ụlọ obibi mbụ nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ n'etiti Longbridge na Northfield, Birmingham. Herbert Austin, bụ onye kere Austin Motor Company na Longbridge na 1905, aghaghị iburu ndị ọrụ ọzọ n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ mgbe ụlọ ọrụ ya tinyere aka n'ịme tankị na ụgbọ elu. Na 1917, o wuru ụlọ ọhụrụ maka ndị ọrụ ya na Turves Green na ala zụtara maka £ 7,750. O si na Aladdin Company, Bay City, Michigan, USA butere osisi cedar na-acha uhie uhie 200 butere bungalows. E bugara ha n'ofe Atlantic wee lanarị ọnwụ nke ụgbọ mmiri U-ụgbọ mmiri nwere . E ji ụlọ ndị a na-eji brik arụrụ obere ụlọ iri abụọ na ise rụọ ụlọ ndị a n'otu oge iji mepụta mgbawa ọkụ . Enyere ha kpo oku Central coke-fired, osi ite gas, igwe mmiri gas, sink na drainer, yana ụlọ ịsa ahụ nwere ebe ịsa ahụ. Ogo mpụta nke bungalows bụ 6.84 yards (6.25 m) obosara site na 11.75 yards (10.74 m) miri emi na ihe owuwu ụzọ mbata ọzọ n'ihu yana ime ụlọ ịsa mmiri n'azụ. Ime ụlọ atọ ahụ bụ 9 nke ọ bụla square. E jikwa ọkụ gas abụọ rụọ ụlọ brik ndị ahụ. Ewubere ebe nchekwa ụmụaka abụọ octagonal n'agwaetiti ndị dị na Rowan na Laburnum Way mana ndị a agaala ugbu a. A tụgharịrị ụlọ Hawkesley Farm ka ọ bụrụ ọnụ ụlọ ime obodo na ụlọ klọb. A kụrụ osisi tozuru oke n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ: Central Avenue, Hawkesley Crescent, Hawkesley Drive, Coney Green Drive, Cypress Way, Cedar Way, Laburnum Way, Rowan Way na Maple Way. Emechara obodo ahụ n'ime ọnwa iri na otu wee gbazite ndị ọrụ Austin nwere asaa na bungalow ọ bụla yana iri na abụọ n'ụlọ ọ bụla. Ewubere ụlọ ụka Baptist osisi (nke a kwatuola ugbu a) n'ihu ugwu nke Central Avenue na otu ụka Anglịkan (Church of the Epiphany, nke agaala ugbu a) ka ewuru n'akụkụ akụkụ Oak Walk. <ref name="mason">''Austin Village Preservation Society'', H. W. Mason, 1998</ref> Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, ihe achọrọ maka ndị ọrụ belatara ma ree bungalows. A na-eji ụlọ a ugbu a ma gbaa ya gburugburu. Ọ mebere Mpaghara Nchekwa Obodo Austin. <ref>[http://www.birmingham.gov.uk/ELibrary?E_LIBRARY_ID=385&a=1119875889803 Birmingham City Council - Austin Village Conservation Area]</ref> England akụkọ ihe mere eme edepụtala mpaghara nchekwa na ihe nketa ya na ndekọ ihe egwu n'ihi mmebi ya. == Hụkwa == bugara ha n'ofe Atlantic wee lanabugara ha n'ofe Atlantic wee lanarị ọnwụ nke ụgbọrị ọnwụ nke ụgbọbugara ha n'ofe Atlantic wee lanarị ọnwụ nke ụgbọ * Ụlọ kit * Obodo Nlereanya == Edensibia == == Njikọ mpụga == * Heritage at Risk Register: Austin+Village * [http://www.austinmemories.com Austin Memories]—History of Austin and Longbridge * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080704111807/http://www.lhi.org.uk/projects_directory/projects_by_region/west_midlands/birmingham/the_austin_village/index.html Austin Village Preservation Society - Online booklet] <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|52.401|-1.973|region:GB_scale:2000}} 31x8xgvd1jp71zoqd7lth35mnfhyqcn 0 42802 654178 579990 2026-06-06T20:01:27Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Link 654178 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Rue_Barthes_Paris_1.jpg|thumb|260x260px| Echiche nke Roland-Barthes Street, na Paris, ebe IDFC bụ isi ụlọ ọrụ.]] '''International Development Finance Club''' (IDFC) bụ mmekorita nke ụlọ akụ mmepe nke ebumnuche ha bụ imeju mkpa ibe ha maka mmepe zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma. <ref name="WhoWeAre">{{Cite web|title=Who we are - Our vision – collaborating for the common good|url=https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/who-we-are.aspx|work=International Development Finance Club|publisher=IDFC|accessdate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144754/https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/who-we-are.aspx|archivedate=18 July 2018}}</ref> IDFC's Secretariat bụ isi na [[Paris]], n'otu ụlọ ahụ dị ka ụlọ ọrụ mmepe French (5 rue Roland-Barthes, Paris). <ref name="WhoWeAre"/> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E hiwere IDFC na 2011 n'oge nzukọ kwa afọ nke International Monetary Fund na [[World Bank]] . <ref name="IIB">{{Cite web|title=IIB to join International Development Finance Club (IDFC)|url=https://iib.int/en/articles/mib-vstupit-v-mezhdunarodnyi-klub-finansirovaniya-razvitiya-idfc|work=IIB official site|publisher=International Investment Bank|accessdate=18 July 2018|date=21 March 2018}}</ref> Onye isi oche IDFC ugbu a (a họpụtara na October 2017) <ref>{{Cite web|title=RÉMY RIOUX, ES NOMBRADO PRESIDENTE DEL INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CLUB (IDFC)|url=http://www.afd.fr/es/remy-rioux-es-nombrado-presidente-del-international-development-finance-club-idfc|work=AFD Agence Française de Développement|publisher=AFD|accessdate=18 July 2018|archivedate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144833/http://www.afd.fr/es/remy-rioux-es-nombrado-presidente-del-international-development-finance-club-idfc}}</ref> bụ Rémy Rioux, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ French Development Agency. == Ndị otu == Dịka nke Julaị 2018, IDFC nwere ndị otu 23: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Members - Global challenges local know-how|url=https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/members.aspx|work=IDFC official website|publisher=International Development Finance Club|accessdate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144720/https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/members.aspx|archivedate=18 July 2018}}</ref>   Nke International Investment Bank kwesịrị isonyere IDFC site na October 2018. <ref name="IIB"/> == ebumnobi == * Ịmata na ịzụlite ohere azụmahịa nkwonkwo <ref name="objectives" /> * Ịkekọrịta ahụmịhe na omume kacha mma maka mmụta ibe ya <ref name="objectives" /> * Ịtọ ntọala site na ijikọ ike na ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet n'okwu ndị nwere mmasị yiri ya <ref name="objectives">{{Cite web|title=Our Objectives We aim to serve|url=https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/our-objectives.aspx|work=IDFC official website|publisher=International Development Finance Club|accessdate=18 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718144921/https://www.idfc.org/Who-We-Are/our-objectives.aspx|archivedate=18 July 2018}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Njikọ akụ na ụba ụwa * Ụlọ ọrụ ego mba ụwa == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga ==   * [https://www.idfc.org Weebụsaịtị gọọmentị] * [https://elrovisionltd.com/ Ego SBLC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240411104055/https://chironprojectsbv.com/financialinstruments.html Akụrụngwa ego] ggyf7tyzd02i65ct1yj3dbks8zhwk59 0 44335 654174 177364 2026-06-06T19:58:52Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Removing empty section 654174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Faouzi laatiris sculpture 3768 moy.jpg|thumb|Faouzi laatiris sculpture 3768 moy.]] Sud Obelisk bụ Ihe osise ọha na eze na Douala, [[Kameroon|Cameroon]], nke Faouzi Laatiris mepụtara. Ọrụ pụrụ ntakịrị ahụ bụ obelisk a tụrụ na atụ. == Nkọwa == Ihe osise ahụ bụ obelisk, nke na-apụta kpọmkwem site n'ala na-enweghị ntọala. A na-eji simenti siri ike, e ji marble ojii kpuchie ya, ma nweta ndụ kama inwe jiri ọla edo kpuchie ya. N'otu akụkụ, a na-ede aha obodo na ebe ndị ọzọ n'ụwa na mkpụrụedemede Latin na calligraphy Arabic, nke nwere obelisks ma bụrụ ebe nka. Obelisk, nke so n'okwu nke ụlọ ndị Ijipt oge ochie, bụ ụdị kachasị mma nke ememe ụwa nke nkume ndị e welitere. Ihe ncheta ndị dị otú ahụ, nke oge ochie, nke oge a ma ọ bụ nkè ikike asụsụ obodo oge a na-achọ ọtụtụ obodo ndị dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ na ezute ọdịda nke Afrịka mma taa. Sud Obelisk, na-ekwukwa banyere olili ozu, nke dị ka ememe bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ndụ Cameroon. E meghere Sud Obelisk n'oge gara[[c:Category:SUD Salon Urbain de Douala 2007|Salon Urbain de Douala - SUD 2007]]. == Nrutụaka == {{Reflist}} === Akwụkwọ ===   d8gc03pbb6d6fk4gus0bhxxv859212p 0 45526 654209 577913 2026-06-07T01:28:09Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654209 wikitext text/x-wiki   Raúl Alves Calane da Silva (20 Ọktoba 1945 - 29 January 2021) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ Mozambique, ode nchekwa na onye na-ede uri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/pt/africa/news/2021-01/mocambique-morreu-o-escritor-calane-da-silva-vitima-de-covid-19.html|title=Moçambique: Morreu o escritor Calane da Silva, vítima de Covid-19 em Maputo|date=30 January 2021|work=Vatican News|language=Portuguese}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mind Da Silva na Laurenço Marques (taa Maputo ) na nna Portuguese na Ronga [ de ] nne.  [1] N'ime ọrụ ya tụletụ ewu ewu, Dos Meninos da Malanga, ọ ndị isi zuru ezu nke ibi ndụ dị ka onye na-eto eto ojii na mpaghara nnukwu mpụ nke Maputo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/crime-strikes-malanga-neighbourhood-in-maputo-141773/|title=Crime strikes Malanga neighbourhood in Maputo|date=11 September 2019|work=Club of Mozambique|accessdate=27 May 2024|archivedate=27 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527033834/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/crime-strikes-malanga-neighbourhood-in-maputo-141773/}}</ref> Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ, da Silva gbasoro echiche nke Núcleo de Estudantes Secundários Africanos de Moçambique, òtù mba Mozambique nke Eduardo Mondlane nkata ntọala na 1949, ọ bụ ebe na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ sonyeere ya.  [1] Ọ jere ozi na ndị agha Portuguese site na 1965 ruo 1968 na Nampula .  Akwụkwọ akụkọ ọrụ na akwụkwọ bụ Noticias na Tempo .  Ọ ntọala otu dị ka Tchova Xi Ta Duma, otu ụlọ ihe nkiri ebe ọ bụ onye nduzi na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, yana Associação dos Escritores Moçambicanos [ pt ] .  [2] Na 1990s, ọ dị prfesọ na Mahadum Maputo .  Na 2003, o akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na-eri nri Ronga, obodo obodo ya, na-asụ Portuguese na Mozambique .  [3] Ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Porto na 2009 ikpuchi Do lexico à possibilidade de campos isotópicos literários <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/55077/2/tesedoutraulcalane000123649.pdf|title=Do léxico à possibilidade de campos isotópicos literários|date=2009|work=Universidade do Porto|language=Portuguese}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/morreu-o-escritor-calane-da-silva/5756749.html|title=Moçambique: Morreu o escritor Calane da Silva|date=29 January 2021|work=VOA|language=Portuguese}}</ref>Calane da Silva nwụrụ na COVID-19 na Maputo na 29 January 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ 75, n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na Mozambique . == Ihe dị iche iche == * Prémio José Craveirinha de Literatura [pt] (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/calane-da-silva--123-02-2011-voanews-134920158/1261721.html|title=As mil facetas de Calane da Silva, "Prémio Craveirinha 2010"|date=2 December 2011|work=VOA|language=Portuguese}}</ref> * Order of Rio Branco (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://magazineindependente.com/calane-da-silva-celebra-70-anos-com-vida-alem-desta-vida/|title=Calane da Silva celebra 70 anos com "vida além desta vida"|date=28 October 2015|work=Magazine Independente|language=Portuguese|accessdate=1 February 2021|archivedate=6 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206022752/https://magazineindependente.com/calane-da-silva-celebra-70-anos-com-vida-alem-desta-vida/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} 616q1c725csq85g1ipoxg5p7vpcabsa 654210 654209 2026-06-07T01:28:16Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654210 wikitext text/x-wiki  Raúl Alves Calane da Silva (20 Ọktoba 1945 - 29 January 2021) bụ onye ode akwụkwọ Mozambique, ode nchekwa na onye na-ede uri.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vaticannews.va/pt/africa/news/2021-01/mocambique-morreu-o-escritor-calane-da-silva-vitima-de-covid-19.html|title=Moçambique: Morreu o escritor Calane da Silva, vítima de Covid-19 em Maputo|date=30 January 2021|work=Vatican News|language=Portuguese}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mind Da Silva na Laurenço Marques (taa Maputo ) na nna Portuguese na Ronga [ de ] nne.  [1] N'ime ọrụ ya tụletụ ewu ewu, Dos Meninos da Malanga, ọ ndị isi zuru ezu nke ibi ndụ dị ka onye na-eto eto ojii na mpaghara nnukwu mpụ nke Maputo. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/crime-strikes-malanga-neighbourhood-in-maputo-141773/|title=Crime strikes Malanga neighbourhood in Maputo|date=11 September 2019|work=Club of Mozambique|accessdate=27 May 2024|archivedate=27 May 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527033834/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/crime-strikes-malanga-neighbourhood-in-maputo-141773/}}</ref> Dị ka nwa akwụkwọ, da Silva gbasoro echiche nke Núcleo de Estudantes Secundários Africanos de Moçambique, òtù mba Mozambique nke Eduardo Mondlane nkata ntọala na 1949, ọ bụ ebe na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ sonyeere ya.  [1] Ọ jere ozi na ndị agha Portuguese site na 1965 ruo 1968 na Nampula .  Akwụkwọ akụkọ ọrụ na akwụkwọ bụ Noticias na Tempo .  Ọ ntọala otu dị ka Tchova Xi Ta Duma, otu ụlọ ihe nkiri ebe ọ bụ onye nduzi na onye na-eme ihe nkiri, yana Associação dos Escritores Moçambicanos [ pt ] .  [2] Na 1990s, ọ dị prfesọ na Mahadum Maputo .  Na 2003, o akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na-eri nri Ronga, obodo obodo ya, na-asụ Portuguese na Mozambique .  [3] Ọ gbachitere akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Porto na 2009 ikpuchi Do lexico à possibilidade de campos isotópicos literários <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/bitstream/10216/55077/2/tesedoutraulcalane000123649.pdf|title=Do léxico à possibilidade de campos isotópicos literários|date=2009|work=Universidade do Porto|language=Portuguese}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/morreu-o-escritor-calane-da-silva/5756749.html|title=Moçambique: Morreu o escritor Calane da Silva|date=29 January 2021|work=VOA|language=Portuguese}}</ref>Calane da Silva nwụrụ na COVID-19 na Maputo na 29 January 2021, mgbe ọ dị afọ 75, n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 na Mozambique . == Ihe dị iche iche == * Prémio José Craveirinha de Literatura [pt] (2010)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.voaportugues.com/a/calane-da-silva--123-02-2011-voanews-134920158/1261721.html|title=As mil facetas de Calane da Silva, "Prémio Craveirinha 2010"|date=2 December 2011|work=VOA|language=Portuguese}}</ref> * Order of Rio Branco (2011)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://magazineindependente.com/calane-da-silva-celebra-70-anos-com-vida-alem-desta-vida/|title=Calane da Silva celebra 70 anos com "vida além desta vida"|date=28 October 2015|work=Magazine Independente|language=Portuguese|accessdate=1 February 2021|archivedate=6 February 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206022752/https://magazineindependente.com/calane-da-silva-celebra-70-anos-com-vida-alem-desta-vida/}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} q1nbrmw2gvzukqy2o92pzi93egcwusk 0 46499 654197 239355 2026-06-07T00:15:46Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654197 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Aldo Dávila (cropped).jpg|thumb|Aldo Dávila|326x326px]]'''Aldo Iván Dávila Morales''' (born 20 September 1977)<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=2021-04-22|url=https://www.congreso.gob.gt/perfil_diputado/860|title=Aldo Iván Davila Morales|language=es|work=www.congreso.gob.gt}}</ref> o bu onye politician nke Guatemalan ruru oru dika onye deputy nke Congress nke Guatemala site na 2020 ruo na 2025. Davila meriri election nke 2019 dika onye out na ndi political party Winaq. O bu onye mbu kwuputara na onye eme mmeko nke nwoke ibe ya nakwa buru onye mbu bu Oria HIV no na Congress ahu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vallartadaily.com/aldo-davila-set-to-be-guatemalas-1st-openly-gay-congressman/|title=Aldo Dávila set to be Guatemala's 1st openly gay congressman|date=June 21, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=cronologia/-/meta/agencia-ap|title=Guatemala tendría su primer diputado abiertamente gay y viviendo con VIH|url=https://www.elheraldo.hn/mundo/guatemala-tendria-su-primer-diputado-abiertamente-gay-y-viviendo-con-vih-FOEH1295176|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=www.elheraldo.hn|language=es-HN}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-21|title=Aldo Dávila set to be Guatemala's 1st openly gay congressman|url=https://www.vallartadaily.com/aldo-davila-set-to-be-guatemalas-1st-openly-gay-congressman/|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=Puerto Vallarta News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Afọ ndị mbụ == A mụrụ Dávila na Guatemala City, isi obodo nke mba Central America, n'ime ezinụlọ Katọlik. A mụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị bishọp dị nso n'ụlọ ezinụlọ ya na mpaghara Saravia (mpaghara 5).<ref>{{Cite web|title="No tenga pena que no se va a contagiar de homosexualidad ni de VIH", dice primer diputado gay que llega al Congreso|url=https://nomada.gt/pais/entender-la-politica/no-tenga-pena-que-no-se-va-a-contagiar-de-homosexualidad-ni-de-vih-dice-primer-diputado-gay-que-llega-al-congreso/|accessdate=2024-01-15|language=es}}</ref> Ebe ọ bụ na ọ bụ nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụnne atọ, nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nwoke na-enye nri n'ụlọ ya. N'oge ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ndị ọgbọ ya na ndị nkuzi na-emegbu ya n'ihi mmasị mmekọahụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Elías|first=José|date=2019-07-06|title=El primer diputado abiertamente gay de Guatemala: "Quiero creer que mi elección es fruto de un cambio"|url=https://elpais.com/sociedad/2019/07/05/actualidad/1562347329_010704.html|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=El País|language=es}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Kemgbe afọ 2010 ọ bụ onye isi oche nke otu LGBT Gente Positiva. N'afọ 2019 ọ duziri ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị maka Central District na Congress of Guatemala na ntuli aka nke afọ ahụ dị ka onye otu Winaq.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=2019-01-20|title=Izquierda guatemalteca presenta a Villacorta como candidato a presidente|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20190120/454215241758/izquierda-guatemalteca-presenta-a-villacorta-como-candidato-a-presidente.html|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=La Vanguardia|language=es}}</ref> Ọ malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye omeiwu na Jenụwarị 14, 2020, wee bụrụ naanị onye otu LGBT n'ihu ọha, dịka Sandra Morán, onye nnọchi anya LGBT mbụ nke Guatemala, esoghị maka nhọpụta ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-09|title=Primer diputado gay cree que el enemigo en Guatemala es la diversidad sexual|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20200109/472796245601/primer-diputado-gay-cree-que-el-enemigo-en-guatemala-es-la-diversidad-sexual.html|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=La Vanguardia|language=es}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị 2020, onye isi ala Guatemala Alejandro Giammattei kọwara Dávila dị ka "onye isi" mgbe esemokwu banyere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ site na COVID-19 n'oge ọrịa coronavirus na mgbanwe dị iche iche nke ọnụ ọgụgụ n'ihi mgbagwoju anya banyere ọnwụ site na oyi ịba n'ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-03-29|title=El nuevo exabrupto del presidente Alejandro Giammattei {{!}} {{!}} Artículo 35|url=https://articulo35.com/2020/03/el-nuevo-exabrupto-del-presidente-alejandro-giammattei/|accessdate=2024-01-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200329184209/https://articulo35.com/2020/03/el-nuevo-exabrupto-del-presidente-alejandro-giammattei/|archivedate=2020-03-29}}</ref> N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2023, onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala bụ Manuel Villacorta gosipụtara ya dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ọrụ na nchekwa ọha na eze ma ọ bụrụ na ọ merie ntuli aka nke afọ 2023.<ref name=":0" />{{Cite web|date=2019-01-20|title=Izquierda guatemalteca presenta a Villacorta como candidato a presidente|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/politica/20190120/454215241758/izquierda-guatemalteca-presenta-a-villacorta-como-candidato-a-presidente.html|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=La Vanguardia|language=es}} [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]] <nowiki></ref></nowiki> Dávila tinyere akwụkwọ maka nhọpụta ọzọ na Congress maka ntuli aka nke 2023, mana Ụlọikpe Iwu jụrụ ya n'ihi mwepụ abụọ nke nnwere onwe ndị omeiwu n'oge ọ nọ n'ọchịchị. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na VOS bloc na Congress maka oge 2024-2028.<ref>{{Cite web|title=El futuro de Aldo Dávila tras dejar de ser diputado|url=https://www.soy502.com/articulo/futuro-aldo-davila-tras-dejar-ser-diputado-101772|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=www.soy502.com|language=es}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CSJ rechaza amparo provisional de VOS que buscaba inscripción de Aldo Dávila|url=https://www.soy502.com/articulo/rechazan-amparo-provisional-buscaba-inscripcion-davila-50172|accessdate=2024-01-15|work=www.soy502.com|language=es}}</ref> == Edensịbia == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)]] [[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1977]] 6uiev660d8gwz0yojddgko1rre7h9uz 0 47712 654202 173726 2026-06-07T00:17:45Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654202 wikitext text/x-wiki Calvin Black (1903–1972) bụ onye omenkà ndị America ama ama maka iwu nnukwu ụmụ bebi sitere na osisi, bụ nke o ji ụmụaka dị ka ihe na-egosi akwụkwọ n'amara okporo ụzọ na California, Flossum Trot. A mụrụ Calvin Black na Septemba 21, 1903 na Tennessee . N'ịzụlite ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke na ndị nwanyị, ọ gụrụ obere akwụkwọ, ma kụziere onwe ya ịgụ ihe. Site na nwata ọ na-enwe mmasị na nwa bebi Kewpi, na-agbalịkarị imeri ha na carnivals. Na 1933 ọ lụrụ nwunye ya Ruby (amụrụ 1915), di na nwunye ahụ kwagara California. Ha zụtara ala dị nso na Calico Ghost Town na 1953, nke akpọrọ ala ahụ "Possum Trot", wee malite ịre ndị njem nlegharị anya okwute. N'otu oge ahụ, Black hụrụ ndụ ụmụ bebi site na osisi, na-ahụ ozu site na redwood (o kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na ya ga-echere ụgbọ ala ka ọ daa n'osisi ekwentị ka o wee nwee ike ịzọpụtapụta.  osisi) na imi na aka na pine.  Ruby na-akwa akwa maka ụmụ bebi site na uwe ochie.  Oji mechara kụọ nwa bebi iri na isii, nke ọ lara nyere akara aha na ụdịdị iche iche.  Ụmụ bebi ndị mbụ na- aha ntutu a kpụrụ akpụ na nke a na-ese, ebe ndị ọzọ na-emekarị wigs egwuregwu.  fim a fesara ụfọdụ ụmụ bebi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ.  Mkparịta ụka oji e dekọrọ maka ha, na-ese na falsetto, ma jiri ihe oyiyi teepu na-ekenye nwa bebi ụfọdụ n'otu n'otu.  Ọ mụrụ n' ụmụ bebi ndị dị na "Bird Cage Theatre" ejiri aka ya akpa na okpuru Possum Trot.  N'ahụ ụlọ ihe nkiri ahụ, Black LED nnukwu ụmụ bebi ndị e ji ike ikuku dɔta ozi ndị njem. Calvin Black nwụrụ na 1972, na-ahapụ Ruby n'azụ ilekọta ụlọ ọrụ na ihe nkiri.  N'agbanyeghị ihe Calvin ka ọ gbaa ụmụ bebi ahụ ọkụ, Ruby debere nchịkọta ahụ emebi emebi.  Na 1977, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Allie Light na Irving Saraf, akwụkwọ ndị Possum Trot: Ndụ na Ọrụ nke Calvin Black na ndị sitere na National Endowment for Arts ;  ihe nkiri ahụ asị ndị ọnụ ọnụ nke Ruby na ike sitere na ofufe ụka mbụ Calvin gbara ya. Ruby Black nwụrụ na 1980, na mkpokọta, gụnyere ọ bụghị naanị ụmụ bebi kamakwa akara aka na ihe ndị ọzọ, mechara ngwa ngwa n'aka ndị nchịkọta. Ụmụ bebi n'otu n'otu erewo ihe ruru $80,000. == California Historical Landmark == Ọfịs nke Nchekwa ihe mere eme (OHP) na ndị California State Park elele Possum Trot ka ọ bụrụ akara ala California Historical Landmark .  Ọ na-eketa akara akara akara 939, "Century Folk Art Environments (Thematic)" na apụ nke iri abụọ, yana ihe atụ ndị ọzọ nke ndị mmadụ na steeti ahụ.  Ọ bụ ebe na akara akara anụ ahụ dị na saịtị Possum Trot, [1] OHP na-enye umunkiri ndị a na webụsa ịtịt ya: "Calvin na Ruby Black akwụkwọ iwu Possum Trot na 1954 dị ka ihe na-- Aha ụlọ maka ụlọ egwu nkume.  ha yana okwu nka. <ref>[https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=21476 Office of Historic Preservation - San Bernardino County] (state website)</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.lightsaraffilms.com/PossumTrot.html Possum Trot] – Nkọwa nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na webụsaịtị Light-Sarah Films * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200805104856/http://www.avam.org/our-visionaries/calvin-and-ruby-black.shtml Calvin & Ruby Black] - American Visionary Art Museum * [http://www.spacesarchives.org/explore/collection/environment/possum-trot/ Calvin & Ruby Black, Possum Trot] - SPACES (Ịchekwa na ichekwa nka na gburugburu omenala) * [http://www.kohlerfoundation.org/preservation/other-artists/calvin-black-possum-trot/ Calvin Black (Possum Trot)] - Kohler Foundation * [http://dezertmagazine.com/calvin-ruby-blacks-possum-trot/ Possum Trot Calvin Black] - DezertMagazine.com * [https://articles.latimes.com/1986-12-07/news/vw-1163_1_possum-trot Site n'ime ọzara, ụmụ bebi osisi na-akpụ niche na World Art Folk : Reincarnation nke Possum Trot Ụlọ ihe nkiri] - ''Los Angeles Times'' nwq99bmjmlc6jwmwufqfyzrlm3qebz5 0 48063 654217 363848 2026-06-07T01:31:56Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Infobox person|name=Paul Chidlaw|image=Portrait of a Young Man by Wilbur Adam 1922.jpg|alt=Paul Chidlaw by Wilbur G. Adam|caption=Paul Chidlaw 1922 (painting by [[Wilbur G. Adam]])|birth_date={{birth-date|April 5, 1900}}|death_date={{death date and age|1989|4|25|1900|4|5}}|birth_place=[[Cleves, Ohio|Cleves]], [[Ohio]]|death_place=[[Cincinnati]], Ohio|nationality=[[United States|American]]|education=[[Art Academy of Cincinnati]]; [[École des Beaux-Arts|L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts]], Fontainebleau, France|known_for=Abstract painting; Abstract Expressionist; art teacher}} Paul Chidlaw (Eprel 5, 1900 – 25, 1989) bụ onye na-ese ihe na onye nkuzi nka nke America mgbasa ọtụtụ ọrụ na Cincinnati, Ohio. == Ndụ mmalite, ọmụmụ na njem == Paul Chidlaw egwuregwu na Cleves, Ohio, na 5, 1900, nye Edward H. na Carolyn (Guise) Chidlaw.  [1] O biri na Cincinnati maka ọtụtụ oge ndụ ya.  Ọ na-enwe njikọ na ụwa nka akpụkpọ ọ dị afụ mgbe ọ na-enweta ụrọ site n'ubi na ɔdɔ mmiri iji mee ceramik.  Mgbe ọ na-etolite na Cincinnati, nwanne nne ya ga-akpọrọ ya gaa na Cincinnati Art Museum na ha ga-arụtụ aka na ọrụ "mechara" na "emecha element".  Ihe osise Frank Duveneck "emecha hiri" Ọ akwụkwọ akwụkwọ na Art Academy of Cincinnati site na 1919 ruo 1923. <ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=http://cincinnati.newspapers.com/clip/4766436/paul_chidlaw_obit_1989/|title=Paul Chidlaw, artist, teacher|author=Findsen|first=Owen|date=26 April 1989|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|page=13}}</ref> Na 1927, mgbe ọ rụpụtara ọrụ dị ka onye isi maka ụlọ ọrụ na Cincinnati ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọ gara France wee gbanwee na L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts na Fontainebleau .  O mechara kwaga Paris wee soro Jean Despujols na André Lhote àgwà ihe.  [1] [2] Chidlaw ngwa na-njika ike ya nwere ihe ntinye.  N'afọ 1989 ka Chidlaw na- መሪ uche n'ihe ọnwụ ya na France, Chidlaw kwuru, sị: "N'ihi ngwaọrụ m, a na-edobe ihe ọrụ m. M na-Maka mgbe niile i na-ekiri. Adịghị m.  onwe m. Adị m obere na igbe."  [1] N'ịbụ onye enweta aha ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe n'onwe ya, Chidlaw ga- ayịka paying maka ajụjụ ya na Paris site n'ịchọta ọrụ na ngalaba iwu mba ofesi na iche obi nke onye ọrụ ụlọ akụ.. <ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|author=Smith|first=Jeanette M.|date=2014|title=Boogie woogie: Paul Chidlaw|journal=JAMA|volume=311|issue=1|pages=12–13|doi=10.1001/jama.2013.279250|issn=1538-3598|pmid=24381953}}</ref> Mgbe Chidlaw gafechara njem na Europe, o biri na Morocco otu afọ. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4804941/the_wonderful_language_of_paul_chidlaw/|title=The Wonderful Language of Paul Chidlaw|author=Hunter|first=David|date=25 January 1981|work=The Enquirer Magazine|pages=3–10}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Chidlaw la iche na Cincinnati na 1935 wee chọpụta na teekwa kọmitii dị iche iche iche Murals Progress Administration (WPA) n'okpuru Federal Art Project .  N'oge Agha nke amaghị, ọ jere ozi na United States Army Corps of Engineers . <ref name=":2"/> Ọ kụziri na Art Academy of Cincinnati site na 1947 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1963. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.askart.com/artist_bio/Paul_Chidlaw/114908/Paul_Chidlaw.aspx|title=Paul Chidlaw - Artist Biography|work=www.askart.com|accessdate=2016-04-01}}</ref> Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, ọ yànri ịse na ike na studio na Rookwood Building na Mount Adams site na 1964 ruo 1977, mgbe a ahụmahụ ya onye na-ese ihe na Edgecliff College .  Na 1979 Edgecliff nyere nzere doctorate. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://cincinnati.newspapers.com/clip/4766373/paul_chidlaw/|title=The Young Art of Paul Chidlaw|author=Findsen|first=Owen|date=13 October 1968|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|page=134}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4804829/chidlaw_set_to_knock_their_socks_off/|title=Chidlaw Set To 'Knock Their Socks Off'|author=Hornbaker|first=Alice|date=24 June 1979|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule njedebe nke ndụ ya, anya ya dara n'ihi mmebi macular mana ọ tụgharịrị gaa n'egwu iji kpalie eserese ikpeazụ ya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cincinnatiartgalleries.com/artistdetail.asp?First=Paul&Last=Chidlaw&Date=1900-1989|title=Paul Chidlaw|date=2006-11-02|work=Cincinnati Art Galleries :: Artist Information|accessdate=2016-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061102115956/http://www.cincinnatiartgalleries.com/artistdetail.asp?First=Paul&Last=Chidlaw&Date=1900-1989|archivedate=November 2, 2006}}</ref> == Okwu ==   == Nkwenye na ihe nketa == <ref name=":4"/>Ihe osise ya akpọ: Na Wailing Wall (esere fim na akwaaji), [1] na The Farm Has a Song (esere fim na kwaaji na 1978).  Ọ na-ese na isiokwu, watercolor, acrylic, etchings, pastel, unyi na pensụl.  [2] Na mfe 1980 ya Boogie Woogie, "pasiche na-enye obi obi ụtọ nke agba na-egosi iju mmiri nke ndị na-egosi na-emekarị na confetti na-agbada site na mbara igwe oyi na-acha oyi na New  Ọnọdụ afọ dị elu na emee." Dịka akụkụ nke usoro mmetụta uche gụnyere imepụta nka ya, Chidlaw jiri ihe egwu egwu dịka ụdị. Pigments na-ama jijiji na ụda violin dulcet, ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị ka ọ na-ada ụda, na ndetu agba gbakọtara na egwu egwu na-enye obi ụtọ. Chidlaw chere na iji agba ya bụ otu n'ime ike ya kachasi ike, ma ọ tụlere nke ọma ka agba "esi ada" na agwakọta ngwa ngwa na kwaaji. <ref name=":4"/> Ihe osise ya ndị mara mma na-atụ obodo aro ka odida.  A makwa ya maka ike ike ahụ ya dị ka calligraphy.  Ọ bururi ọtụtụ ndị na-achọ ihe nka na Art Academy of Cincinnati . <ref name=":3"/> Na 1985, Miami University Art Museum nwere nnukwu ntakiri anya nke ọrụ ya nke isiokwu ya bụ, Paul Chidlaw: Painting and Graphics. <ref name=":5">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxbEAAAACAAJ|title=Paul Chidlaw: Paintings and Graphics|author=Findsen|first=Owen|date=1985-01-01|publisher=Miami University Art Museum|isbn=9780940784079|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4804878/miami_u_shows_chidlaws_happy_art/|title=Miami U Shows Chidlaw's 'Happy' Art|author=Findsen|first=Owen|date=15 September 1985|work=The Cincinnati Enquirer|page=62}}</ref> N'afọ 1986, Art Academy nke Cincinnati kpọrọ ya Chidlaw Gallery n'ihi na ha weere ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe kachasị mma (na n'ezie ọ bụ nke mbụ.&nbsp;Expressist) na narị afọ nke 20 na mpaghara Cincinnati. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.maryrangallery.net/paul-chidlaw/|title=Paul Chidlaw|work=Mary Ran Gallery|accessdate=2016-04-01|archivedate=2016-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415145858/http://www.maryrangallery.net/paul-chidlaw/}}</ref> == Ụmụ akwụkwọ ama ama == * Jim Dine, onye America na-ese ihe nkiri na Chidlaw nwetara klaasị na 1953. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/jimdinew00dine|title=Jim Dine : walking memory, 1959-1969|author=Dine|first=Jim|date=1999-01-01|publisher=New York : Guggenheim Museum : Hardcover edition distributed by H.N. Abrams}}</ref> * Tom Wesselmann, onye omenkà America jikọtara ya na Pop Art ije <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www2.cincinnati.com/cam/cincinnatiwing/camhistoryofart.html|title=Cincinnati pioneer of art|author=Bauer|first=Marilyn|work=Cincinnati Art Museum: The Cincinnati Wing|accessdate=2016-04-06|archivedate=2016-01-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160117090957/http://www2.cincinnati.com/cam/cincinnatiwing/camhistoryofart.html}}</ref> == Ezinụlọ == <ref name=":2"/> Childlaw lụrụ Madge Smith, onye na-agụ akwụkwọ na Cincinnati Art Museum, na 1952 Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi nkụda echiche obi na LED 25, 1989, n' nti Hyde Park ya mgbe ọ dị afọ 89. [1] E liri ya n'ebe a na-eli ozu Spring Grove dị na Cincinnati == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.artnet.com/artists/paul-chidlaw/past-auction-results Paul Chidlaw na artnet] * [https://pinterest.com/dad0523/paul-chidlaw-1900-1989/ Paul Chidlaw na Pinterest] * [http://maryrangallery.com/paul-chidlaw/ Paul Chidlaw na MaryRanGallery.com] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m3up534kbv6sez0jgid67f66lfb435v 0 48549 654224 173374 2026-06-07T01:34:29Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654224 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement|official_name=Tumba|image_skyline=Tumba, Grödingevägen.JPG|image_caption=Tumba in February 2006|pushpin_map=Sweden Stockholm#Sweden#European Union|pushpin_label_position=|subdivision_type=[[Country]]|subdivision_name=[[Sweden]]|subdivision_type3=[[Municipalities of Sweden|Municipality]]|subdivision_name3=[[Botkyrka Municipality]]<br>and [[Salem Municipality]]|subdivision_type2=[[Counties of Sweden|County]]|subdivision_name2=[[Stockholm County]]|subdivision_type1=[[Provinces of Sweden|Province]]|subdivision_name1=[[Södermanland]]|area_footnotes=<ref name=scb>{{cite web |url=http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |title=Tätorternas landareal, folkmängd och invånare per km² 2005 och 2010 |date=14 December 2011 |publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] |language=sv |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127055525/http://www.scb.se/Statistik/MI/MI0810/2010A01/Tatorternami0810tab1_4.xls |archive-date=27 January 2012 |url-status=live |access-date=10 January 2012 }}</ref>|area_total_km2=17.74|population_as_of=31 December 2020|population_footnotes=<ref name="scb_urban_area_population_area_population_density">{{cite web | title=Statistiska tätorter 2020, befolkning, landareal, befolkningstäthet| publisher=[[Statistics Sweden]] | url=https://www.scb.se/MI0810 |date=31 December 2020 | access-date=2 June 2024}}</ref>|population_total=46,014|population_density_km2=auto|timezone=[[Central European Time|CET]]|utc_offset=+1|timezone_DST=[[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]|utc_offset_DST=+2|coordinates={{coord|59|12|N|17|49|E|region:SE|display=inline,title}}|website=}}Tumba bụ obodo nwere obodo abụọ mepere emepe na ebe Botkyrka Municipality na Stockholm County, Sweden dị, nwere mmadụ 37,852 bi n'ebe afọ 2010. Akụkụ nke obodo ukwu ya, nke a na-akpọ Rönninge, dị na Salem Municipality. Ndị bi na ya dị 35,311 n'ọnụ ọgụ (2005). Crane AB na-ebipụta akwụkwọ ego krona nke Sweden na Tumba Bruk, na Tumba. Tumba dị n'etiti [[Stockholm]] na Södertälje, ma a na-ewere ya dị ka mpaghara Stockholm. Na Tumba na Rönninge e nwere ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè na netwọk Ụgbọ okporo ígwè Stockholm. Tumba nwekwara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị (Tumba gymnasium) nke nwere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụmụ akwụkwọ òtù puku. Gustaf de Laval guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Alfa Laval na Tumba ma nọgide na mpaghara ahụ, dị ka DeLaval, kewapụtara na Alfa Laval n'afọ 1991. Tumba dịgasị iche iche, nwere ọtụtụ ụlọ elu na ụlọ otu ezinụlọ. Tumba nwekwara nnukwu ụlọ ahịa, Tumba Centrum, n'akụkụ ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Òtù egwu ụtọ death metal bụ Amon Amarth sitere na Tumba. [[Usòrò:Tumba_station_2014.JPG|thumb|Ọ́dụ̀ ụgbọ okporo ígwè Tumba]] == Akụkọ Mmalite == Ihe na-eme ka Tumba dị iche na obodo ndị dị n'ebe ugwu Botkyrka bụ na ọ bụghị na nnukwu ugbo nwere mgbọrọgwụ́ ka o sị wee malite. Ndị nọbu tupu akọọ akụkọ mmalite ha họọrọ ibi nso n'ikperé mmiri. Tumba bụụrụ obodo dị n'ime ime obodo. Ọ bụ ya mere ihe ndị na-egosi ọrụ ndị mmadụ tupu akọọ akụkọ mmalite ha dị ụkọ. Nnukwu mgbanwe ahụ mere n'afọ 1755 mgbe ụlọ akụ Sweden zụụrụ obere ugbo wee malite ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta akwụkwọ. Gburugburu ụlọ ọrụ akwụkwọ ahụ, e nwere obodo pụtarama wuputawa ma ụlọ akwụkwọ nke ya na ụlọ maka ndị ọrụ ibi na ya. E mere nzọụkwụ ọzọ dị mkpa ma dịkwa ukwuu mgbe ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè bịara n'afọ 1860. N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, otu ọha mmadụ malitere itolite gburugburu ụlọ ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ. Obodo a nwere azụmahịa, ndị uwe ojii, na ụlọ ihe nkiri. Ụlọ ole na ole sitere n'oge ahụ ka fọdụrụ. N'afọ 1894, 'Separator' (DeLaval) zụụrụ Hamra gård ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ugbo na-emepụta mmiri ara ehi. N'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ ghọrọ nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ. Site na mbido, akụkụ atọ a dị iche iche mana ha tokọrọ ọnụ. A na-elekọta obodo nke ma papermill ma Hamra nke ọma.<ref>http://www.botkyrka.se/kulturguiden/summaries/37260.html{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Mpaghara Ya Gasị == * Vretarna * Atụ * Nackdala * Tumba Park * Tumba Centrum * Storvreten * Lövholmen * Skäcklinge * Kassmyra * Broängen * Solbo * Tumba villastad * * Segersjö * Uttran == Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Obodo nta !Ili Ndị bi na ya<br /> |- |Obodo Botkyrka | style="text-align:right" |21,140 |- |Obodo Ukwu Salem | style="text-align:right" |14,171 |- ! style="text-align:left" |Ngụkọta ! style="text-align:right" |35,311 |} == Egwuregwu == Klọb egwuregwu ndị a dị na Tumba: * IFK Tumba FK * IFK Tumba Hockey == Ndị Mmadụ a ma ama == * Anna Christensen (1936-2001), okammụta na onye edemede Sweden. == Edensibia == <div class="reflist"> <references responsive="1"></references> </div>{{Localities in Botkyrka Municipality}}{{Localities in Salem Municipality}}{{Municipalities of Stockholm County}}{{30 most populous cities of Sweden}}{{authority control}} i3j9h5qj62i4cn5mf6quo5248wmffqd 0 50422 654199 181034 2026-06-07T00:16:33Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654199 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:1720604779368 20240709 MAZUREK Milan SK 007.jpg|thumb|Milan Mazurek]] '''Milan Mazurek''' (amụrụ 24 Jenụwarị 1994) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Slovak na-eje ozi maka pati Republic (nke bụbu People's Party Our Slovakia ). N'afọ 2019, a mara ya ikpe maka nkwutọ agbụrụ dabere na nkwupụta mgbochi Romeni ya, wee bụrụ onye omeiwu mbụ Slovak tụfuru oche ya n'ihi mpụ. Agbanyeghị, a họpụtara Mazurek na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu 2020 Slovak. == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Mazurek gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nkeonwe na Poprad, na-amụba iwu na azụmaahịa. <ref name="SME">{{Cite news|first=Jakub|author=Benko|title=Mazurek ma inšpiroval. Prešlo ma to v Osvienčime (odomykáme)|url=https://komentare.sme.sk/c/22331365/mazurek-ma-inspiroval.html|work=[[SME (newspaper)|SME]]|date=21 February 2020|accessdate=29 August 2020|language=sk}}</ref> Dị ka nwa klas ya mbụ si kwuo, ọ mụmụrụ ọnụ ọchị mgbe ọ gara n'ogige ịta ahụhụ Auschwitz, ma kwuo na ndị Juu chepụtara Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ . <ref name="SME" /> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == === Oge mbụ na nzuko omeiwu === Mazurek rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye osote onye Kotleba MP Andrej Medvecký, wee weghara ikike ya mgbe Medvecký kwụsịrị arụkwaghịm (otu izu mgbe ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Slovak 2016 gasịrị) maka ebubo ebubo mwakpo ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke nwa amaala Dominican. N'oge a, Mazurek dọtara mmasị mgbasa ozi maka ịkpọsa mkparị rụrụ arụ na ezinụlọ Arab na nnọkọ mgbochi Islam na maka ito Adolf Hitler na mgbasa ozi ọha. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Kotlebov poslanec: O Tretej ríši vieme rozprávky o mydlách zo Židov|url=https://www.teraz.sk/slovensko/kotlebov-poslanec-o-tretej-risi/186346-clanok.html?combinedGlobalTab_zamestnajsa=0|accessdate=5 September 2020|work=TERAZ.sk|date=11 March 2016}}</ref> <ref name="Aktuality SK" /> Ndị ọka iwu nyochara ya maka ọkwa ndị ọzọ ịgọnarị Oké Mgbukpọ ahụ, nke bụ mpụ na Slovakia. <ref name="Aktuality SK">{{Cite news|title=Velebil Hitlera, popieral holokaust, dnes sa stal poslancom|url=https://www.aktuality.sk/clanok/323944/velebil-hitlera-popieral-holokaust-dnes-sa-stal-poslancom/|accessdate=5 September 2020|work=[[Aktuality.sk]]|language=sk}}</ref> N'ihi nkwenye ya, Mazurek tụfuru oche ya na nzuko omeiwu na Septemba 2019 n'ihi Iwu nke Slovakia, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Slovak MP insulted Romani people and spread xenophobia, loses his seat after being convicted of felony defamation|url=http://www.romea.cz/en/news/world/slovak-mp-insulted-romani-people-and-spread-xenophobia-loses-his-seat-after-being-convicted-of-felony-defamation|accessdate=29 August 2020|work=romea.cz|date=5 September 2019}}</ref> ghọrọ onye omebe iwu Slovak mbụ tụfuru oche ya n'ihi mpụ. <ref name="spectator" /> O tozuru oke ịkwụ ụgwọ nchụpụ ọnwa abụọ wee were ya ozugbo dị ka odeakwụkwọ omeiwu nke People's Party Our Slovakia, na-enweta euro 2,700 kwa ọnwa. <ref name="dni">{{Cite news|author=Šimíčková|first=Jana|title=Odsúdený Kotlebovec môže byť opäť poslancom, Milan Mazurek zaplatil mastnú pokutu|url=https://plus7dni.pluska.sk/domov/odsudeny-kotlebovec-moze-byt-opat-poslancom-milan-mazurek-zaplatil-mastnu-pokutu|accessdate=29 August 2020|work=plus7dni.pluska.sk|date=29 November 2019|language=sk}}</ref> Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị oche ya na nzuko omeiwu, [[Milan Špánik]] nọchiri Mazurek, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị mpaghara nwere onwe ya nke meriri oche ya na nkwado Kotleba. <ref name="spectator">{{Cite news|title=Far-right MP Mazurek found guilty. He will lose his seat.|url=https://spectator.sme.sk/c/22203605/far-right-mp-mazurek-found-guilty-he-will-lose-his-seat.html|work=[[The Slovak Spectator]]|date=3 September 2019|accessdate=29 August 2020}}</ref> === Nhọpụta ọzọ === N'ọnwa Febụwarị 2020, Mazurek tinyere aka na ihe mere ebe a wakporo ndị ngagharị iwe megide nzukọ ĽSNS na Nižná na Orave . <ref>{{Cite news|first=Lucia|author=Osvaldová|title=Mazurek na nás zahučal a potom do nás vrazil ako tank, opisujú svedkovia koniec mítingu ĽSNS na Orave|url=https://dennikn.sk/1758040/mazurek-na-nas-zahucal-a-potom-do-nas-vrazil-ako-tank-opisuju-svedkovia-koniec-mitingu-kotlebovcov-na-orave/|work=[[Denník N]]|publisher=Bratislava: N Press|date=14 February 2020|accessdate=29 August 2020|language=sk}}</ref> A họpụtara Mazurek ọzọ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Slovak 2020 . <ref>{{Cite news|first=Tarek|author=Yacoob|title=Čísla odsúdeného rasistu Mazureka nesedia|url=https://dennikn.sk/blog/1916007/cisla-odsudeneho-rasistu-mazureka-nesedia/|work=Denník N|publisher=Bratislava: N Press|date=2 June 2020|accessdate=29 August 2020|language=sk}}</ref> A họpụtara ya maka "Homophobe of the Year" na 2020 site na Institute of Human Rights [ sk ] na [[Rainbow Slovakia|Egwurugwu Slovakia]] maka ịgọnarị ịdị adị nke ndị transgender . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Kto získa anti-cenu Homofób roka? Medzi nominovanými sú aj Mazurek, Záborská a Korda|url=https://www.webnoviny.sk/zverejnili-nominacie-na-homofoba-roka-nechyba-medzi-nim-ani-kotlebovec-mazurek/|accessdate=29 August 2020|work=Webnoviny.sk|date=17 May 2020}}</ref> Ọ jụrụ iyi ihe mkpuchi n'oge ọrịa COVID-19 n'ihi nkwenye ụgha na ọ ga-ebute nsị carbon dioxide, <ref>{{Cite news|author=Horák|first=Otakar|title=Rúška podľa Mazureka s Kotlebom ničia zdravie a otravujeme sa CO2. Proti sú lekári, vedci aj WHO|url=https://dennikn.sk/1984600/podla-mazureka-s-kotlebom-nicia-ruska-zdravie-a-otravujeme-sa-co2-proti-su-lekari-vedci-aj-who/|accessdate=29 August 2020|work=Denník N|date=30 July 2020|language=sk-SK}}</ref> nke butere ịchụpụ ya n'ụlọ akụ dị na Poprad . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Krajčirová|first=Aleksandra|title=Mazureka vyhodili z banky, lebo nemal rúško: Nebudem si ničiť zdravie tou hnusnou handrou|url=https://noizz.aktuality.sk/news/mazureka-vyhodili-z-banky-lebo-nemal-rusko/zxcbe7z|accessdate=29 August 2020|work=Noizz.azet.sk|date=28 July 2020|language=sk}}</ref> Na Julaị 2020, ọ kpọrọ oku ka ọ gbaa arụkwaghịm mgbe ọ kwusịrị ụgha na onye mere Vrútky school attack [ sk ] sitere na agbụrụ [[Ndị Rom|Rome]] . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mazurek by mal mandátovému výboru vysvetľovať status o tragédii vo Vrútkach|url=https://domov.sme.sk/c/22442791/mazurek-by-mal-mandatovemu-vyboru-vysvetlovat-status-o-tragedii-vo-vrutkach.html|date=7 July 2020|accessdate=29 August 2020|work=SME|language=sk}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t3rns58n8jjji0joh2illkv2fvp2kfl 0 51525 654238 186839 2026-06-07T05:59:14Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654238 wikitext text/x-wiki  Brigadier Alberto Joaquim Vinama (nwụrụ Ọktoba 10, 1986), makwaara dị ka Chendovava, jere ozi dị ka onye isi ndị ọrụ nke ndị agha ndị agha maka nnwere onwe nke Angola, nku agha nke UNITA, site na Jenụwarị 1985 ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na October 1986. Ọ nọchiri Demosthenes Amos Chilingutila, onye e wedara n'ala n'ọkwa onye isi ọrụ, onye nwetaghachiri ọrụ ya mgbe Vinama nwụsịrị.<ref name="a">{{Cite book|author=Kukkuk|first=Leon|year=2005|title=Letters to Gabriella|pages=160}}</ref> == Ihe odide == 451u2sjemp8giba0llwmn629mk3wc8t 0 51910 654250 187817 2026-06-07T06:05:03Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Removing null area 654250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|name=Asit Mazumdar<br>অসিত মজুমদার|image=|caption=তপন মজুমদার|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|1958|11|14}}|birth_place=[[Serampore]], [[West Bengal]]|residence=Progoti nagar,Chuchura, Hooghly 712101|death_date=|death_place=|office1=[[Chunchura (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|MLA of Chunchura Vidhan Sabha Constituency]]|constituency=|term_start1=2011|term_end1=Present|predecessor1=Naren Dey|successor1=|office2=Vice Chairperson of [[South Bengal State Transport Corporation]]|term_start2=2016|term_end2=|predecessor2=|successor2=|office3=Vice President of Hooghly District [[Trinamool Congress]]|term_start3=08/11/2020|term_end3=|president3=Dilip Yadav [[Snehasis Chakraborty]] [[Arindam Guin]]|predecessor3=Suma Mukherjee|party=[[All India Trinamool Congress]]|alma_mater=Advocate|spouse=Lily Majumder|children=1}} Asit Mazumdar bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke Chunchura Vidhan Sabha Constituency na West Bengal Assembly Assembly na 2011,2016 na 2021.[1] [2] Ọ bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India Trinamool Congress niile. Ọ na-eje ozi ugbu a osote onye isi oche nke South Bengal State Transport Corporation na osote onye isi oche nke Hooghly District Trinamool Congress.{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fge4mehhl8hhnzb1xti19kv9dwxak5c 0 52120 654180 188935 2026-06-06T20:07:05Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder||name=Anthony Akoto Ampaw|image=|imagesize=|caption=|honorific-prefix=|constituency=|office1=Lead Counsel for President Akufo-Addo: 2020 Election Petition.|birth_name=Anthony Akoto Ampaw|birth_date={{Birth-date|1950}}|birth_place=[[Hohoe]], [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)|death_date={{Death date and age|2023|10|20|1950|df=y}}|death_place=[[Accra]], Ghana|relatives=[[Princess Consolata Akoto Ampaw (sister, deceased), Annette Akoto Ampaw (sister, deceased), Michael Akoto Ampaw, Bernard Akoto Ampaw, Dr. Ako Akoto Ampaw and four others]]|residence=Kaneshie, Accra|education=[[University of Ghana]]|alma_mater={{ubl|[[University of Ghana]]|[[Ghana School of Law]]|[[University of Ghana]]|[[Middle Temple]] }}|occupation=Lawyer and human rights activist|signature=|website=|footnotes=}} '''Anthony Akoto Ampaw''' (1950 - 20 Ọktoba 2023), nke a makwaara dị ka '''Sheey Sheey''', bụ onye ọka iwu Ghana na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. <ref name="graphic">{{Cite web|author=Darfah Frimpong|first=Enoch|date=20 October 2023|title=Top Ghanaian lawyer Anthony Akoto Ampaw passes on|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/confirmed-lawyer-anthony-akoto-ampaw-passes-on.html|work=Graphic Online}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi nke ndị ọka iwu na-agbachitere mmeri Onye isi ala Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 2020 na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Ghana.<ref name="graphic" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Akoto Ampaw, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Akoto-Ampaw-4675|accessdate=20 October 2023|work=www.ghanaweb.com|archivedate=21 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021020351/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Akoto-Ampaw-4675}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Akoto Ampaw gụrụ LL.B na Mahadum Ghana na 1973 ma bụrụkwa onye gụchara na ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Ghana na 1993.<ref name=":0"/> Onye ọka iwu nwụrụ anwụ Akoto Ampaw nwụrụ na Mahadum Ghana Medical Center (UGMC) na 20th October 2023. Ememe otu izu nke Ampaw na 5th Nọvemba 2023 na ebe obibi Akoto- Ampaw, North Keneshie, n'akụkụ ụlọ ọgwụ Holy Trinity dị na Accra. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-05|title=Late Akoto Ampaw's one week observance held|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/11/late-akoto-ampaws-one-week-observance-held/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-20|title=Prominent lawyer, Akoto Ampaw reportedly dead - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/prominent-lawyer-akoto-ampaw-reportedly-dead/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=emmakd|date=2023-12-16|title=Akoto Ampaw was there for me too|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2023/12/16/akoto-ampaw-was-there-for-me-too/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=Ghana Business News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nartey|first=Laud|date=2023-10-20|title=Akoto Ampaw was a true human rights lawyer – Nyaho-Tamakloe {{!}} 3NEWS.COM|url=https://3news.com/akoto-ampaw-was-a-true-human-rights-lawyer-nyaho-tamakloe/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=3news.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == # Dartfah Frimpong, Enoch(20 oktoba 2023). " Onye ọka iwu Ghana kacha Anthony Akoto Ampaw na-agafe". Graphic Online. # "Akoto Ampaw, Biography". www.ghanaweb.com. eweputara 20 oktoba 2023. # " Lake Akoto Ampaw's emere emume otu izu".Citinewsroom- Comprehensive New in Ghana. 5 Novemba 2023. Eweputara 16 decemba 2023. # "Ọkaiwu ama ama, Akoto Ampaw kọrọ na anwụọla- My JoyOnline".www.myjoyonline.com. 20 oktoba 2023. Eweputara 16 decemba 2023. # emmakd(16 decemba 2023)."Akoto Ampaw Ọnọkwara 6. Nartey, Laud(20 oktoba 2023). "Akoto Ampaw bụ ezi ọkaiwu ikike mmadụ Nyaho-Tamakloe/ 3NEWS.COM". 3 news.com. eweputara 16 Decemba 2023. j2g87aa2nt8p6jlcsnes2rz9rl9qojk 654181 654180 2026-06-06T20:07:07Z KiranBOT 25138 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.9s 654181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder||name=Anthony Akoto Ampaw|image=|imagesize=|caption=|honorific-prefix=|constituency=|office1=Lead Counsel for President Akufo-Addo: 2020 Election Petition.|birth_name=Anthony Akoto Ampaw|birth_date={{Birth-date|1950}}|birth_place=[[Hohoe]], [[Gold Coast (British colony)|Gold Coast]] (now Ghana)|death_date={{Death date and age|2023|10|20|1950|df=y}}|death_place=[[Accra]], Ghana|relatives=[[Princess Consolata Akoto Ampaw (sister, deceased), Annette Akoto Ampaw (sister, deceased), Michael Akoto Ampaw, Bernard Akoto Ampaw, Dr. Ako Akoto Ampaw and four others]]|residence=Kaneshie, Accra|education=[[University of Ghana]]|alma_mater={{ubl|[[University of Ghana]]|[[Ghana School of Law]]|[[University of Ghana]]|[[Middle Temple]] }}|occupation=Lawyer and human rights activist|signature=|website=|footnotes=}} '''Anthony Akoto Ampaw''' (1950 - 20 Ọktoba 2023), nke a makwaara dị ka '''Sheey Sheey''', bụ onye ọka iwu Ghana na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ. <ref name="graphic">{{Cite web|author=Darfah Frimpong|first=Enoch|date=20 October 2023|title=Top Ghanaian lawyer Anthony Akoto Ampaw passes on|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/confirmed-lawyer-anthony-akoto-ampaw-passes-on.html|work=Graphic Online}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye isi nke ndị ọka iwu na-agbachitere mmeri Onye isi ala Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo na ntuli aka onye isi ala nke 2020 na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Ghana.<ref name="graphic" /><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Akoto Ampaw, Biography|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Akoto-Ampaw-4675|accessdate=20 October 2023|work=www.ghanaweb.com|archivedate=21 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021020351/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Akoto-Ampaw-4675}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Akoto Ampaw gụrụ LL.B na Mahadum Ghana na 1973 ma bụrụkwa onye gụchara na ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Ghana na 1993.<ref name=":0"/> Onye ọka iwu nwụrụ anwụ Akoto Ampaw nwụrụ na Mahadum Ghana Medical Center (UGMC) na 20th October 2023. Ememe otu izu nke Ampaw na 5th Nọvemba 2023 na ebe obibi Akoto- Ampaw, North Keneshie, n'akụkụ ụlọ ọgwụ Holy Trinity dị na Accra. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-11-05|title=Late Akoto Ampaw's one week observance held|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2023/11/late-akoto-ampaws-one-week-observance-held/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-10-20|title=Prominent lawyer, Akoto Ampaw reportedly dead - MyJoyOnline|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/prominent-lawyer-akoto-ampaw-reportedly-dead/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=emmakd|date=2023-12-16|title=Akoto Ampaw was there for me too|url=https://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2023/12/16/akoto-ampaw-was-there-for-me-too/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=Ghana Business News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nartey|first=Laud|date=2023-10-20|title=Akoto Ampaw was a true human rights lawyer – Nyaho-Tamakloe {{!}} 3NEWS.COM|url=https://3news.com/news/politics/akoto-ampaw-was-a-true-human-rights-lawyer-nyaho-tamakloe/|accessdate=2023-12-16|work=3news.com|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ntụaka == # Dartfah Frimpong, Enoch(20 oktoba 2023). " Onye ọka iwu Ghana kacha Anthony Akoto Ampaw na-agafe". Graphic Online. # "Akoto Ampaw, Biography". www.ghanaweb.com. eweputara 20 oktoba 2023. # " Lake Akoto Ampaw's emere emume otu izu".Citinewsroom- Comprehensive New in Ghana. 5 Novemba 2023. Eweputara 16 decemba 2023. # "Ọkaiwu ama ama, Akoto Ampaw kọrọ na anwụọla- My JoyOnline".www.myjoyonline.com. 20 oktoba 2023. Eweputara 16 decemba 2023. # emmakd(16 decemba 2023)."Akoto Ampaw Ọnọkwara 6. Nartey, Laud(20 oktoba 2023). "Akoto Ampaw bụ ezi ọkaiwu ikike mmadụ Nyaho-Tamakloe/ 3NEWS.COM". 3 news.com. eweputara 16 Decemba 2023. ovsv4wwquqo3rlfs9aom60cjootpppd 0 52213 654240 188458 2026-06-07T06:00:02Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654240 wikitext text/x-wiki Mohesh Chai bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị India sitere na steeti Arunachal Pradesh.[1] A họpụtara Mohesh Chai site na mpaghara Tezu na ntuli aka ndị omebe iwu Arunachal Pradesh nke 2014, guzo dị ka onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi BJP. Tupu ịbanye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụ dọkịta na Govt nke Arunachal Pradesh na MD na ọrịa obi na iku ume. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Govt Higher Secondary School, Tezu. O meziri MBBS ya na Ambedkar Medical College, Bengaluru. Mgbe ọ rụsịrị ọrụ dị ka dọkịta na Govt nke AP ruo ọtụtụ afọ, ọ gara maka nna ukwu ya wee gụchaa MD ya na ọrịa obi na iku ume sitere na Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal. Ahọpụtakwara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye minista maka Arunachal Pradesh Govt. n'afọ 2017. Ọ bụ nwa Late Shri Tankakso Chai na Smt Jahilu Chai. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Mohesh Chai na-ejikwa Veterinary, Animal Husbandry, sports & Youth Affairs, Horticulture, Agriculture Ministry of Arunachal Pradesh.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Election results|publisher=Election Commission of India, New Delhi|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/electionanalysis/AE/S02/partycomp11.htm|accessdate=4 November 2016}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Nzukọ omeiwu nke Arunachal Pradesh == Ebem si dee == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] iovl04jfitapt5gkf66rndzc0ibi8w5 0 52533 654251 632196 2026-06-07T06:05:35Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}'''Yumna Zaidi''' (amụrụ 30 Julaị 1993) bụ onye omere Pakistan na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ telivishọn Urdu. Amara maka ihe ngosi ya na ihe nkiri ọha na nke ihunanya. Zaidi bụ onye natara onyinye ise Lux Style Awards na Hum Awards abụọ. Yumnazaidi pụtara mbụ bụ mgbe ọ nọ na 8th grade nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye affan waheed ewebata director amin iqbal maka ọrụ nke nwanne nwanyị Affan waheed fouziya na drama serial muhabbat ab nai gi na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt39839566/|work=www.imdb.com|accessdate=2026-05-07}}</ref> O buru ụzọ pụta dị ka onye na-akwado ihe nkiri ARY Digital 's domestic-drama ''Thakan'' (2012) wee rụọ ọrụ ndu n'ọtụtụ usoro onyonyo, gụnyere ihe nkiri ezinụlọ ''Meri Dulari'' na ọbọ ''Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi'' (ha abụọ 2013), nke mechara. nke mere ya nhọpụta nke Hum Award for Best Support Actress . O nwetara aha ewu ewu na Hum Award maka nhọpụta onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma site n'igosi nwunye nwere nsogbu na mmekọrịta ọjọọ nke Farooq Rind ''Rishtay Kuch Adhooray Se'' wee nweta otuto maka ekworo-ihe nkiri ''Mausam'' (ha abụọ 2014), ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị ''Jugnoo'' (2015), na romance ''Zara Yaad Kar'' (2016) na ihe nkiri ịhụnanya ''Yeh Raha Dil'' (2017). Zaidi nwetara otuto dị egwu wee guzobe onwe ya site na ịgba egwu na ''Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila'' (2017), ''Inkaar'' (2019), ''Pyar Ke Sadqay'' (2020), ''Dil Na Umeed To Nahi'' (2021) na ''Bakhtawar'' (2022) nke abụọ, nke atọ na nke ikpeazụ. N'ime ndị a nwetara onyinye Lux Style maka onye na-eme ihe nkiri TV kacha mma . == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == A mụrụ Zaidi na 30 Julaị 1993 na Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan . Mpụta mbụ ihuenyo ya bụ ọrụ nkwado na ARY Digital 's 2012 ihe nkiri ụlọ ''Thakan'', wee soro ya na-ebute ụzọ na melodrama ''Khushi Ek Roag'' . Ọ pụtara na Urdu 1 's ''Teri Raah Main Rul Gai'' n'ihu [[Samiya Mumtaz]] na Sami Khan ebe ọ gbara agwa Maryam. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mangobaaz.com/yumna-zaidi-what-an-actor/amp|title=13 Times Pakistani Actor Yumna Zaidi Proved That She's A Force To Be Reckoned With|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-07-23|archivedate=2018-07-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180724032159/https://www.mangobaaz.com/yumna-zaidi-what-an-actor/amp}}</ref> Zaidi nwetara otuto maka ịkọwapụta agwa mmetụta mmetụta uche na ihe nkiri, Geo TV 's ''Meri Dulari'' (2013) na Hum TV 's ''Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi'' (2013), nke mechara nweta ya nhọpụta onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma na Hum Awards. Ọrụ nkwanye ùgwù ya nke nwunye nwere nsogbu na mmekọrịta ịhụnanya dị egwu ''Rishtay Kuch Adhooray Se'' (2013), guzobe ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Pakistan wee nweta ya Hum Award maka Best Actress na Best Actress Nhọpụta . Zaidi mechara pụta ihe pụrụ iche na usoro 2013 ''Sannata'' wee rụọ ọrụ nkwado na directorial Kashif Nisar ''Kis Se Kahoon'' n'akụkụ [[Sajal Aly|Sajal Ali]] na Agha Ali . Ọ nwetara nkwanye ùgwù sara mbara maka ịkọwapụta ụdị agwa dị iche iche na ihe nkiri ''Mausam'' (2014), ''Madawa'' (2015), ''Guzaarish'' (2015), na ''Jugnoo'' (2015), ''Kaanch Ki Guriya'' (2015), ''Paras'' (2015) na ''Aap ki Kaneez'' ( 2015), ụfọdụ n'ime ha nwetara ọtụtụ nhọpụta onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma. <ref name="TNS">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/209794-TV-actors-we-want-to-see-in-cinema|title=TV actors we want to see in cinema|author=Shabbir|first=Buraq|work=The News International|accessdate=2018-07-23|language=en}}</ref> === Ihe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Netwọk |- | 2014 | ''Subah Be Daagh Hai'' | Aịsha | Hum TV |- | 2019 | ''Shaadi agaghị ekwe omume'' | Raina | TV Otu |- | 2020 | ''Raja Ki Raji'' | Haya | ARY Digital <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/510427-how-to-keep-yourself-entertained-this-eid|title=How to keep yourself entertained this Eid|date=8 March 2019|author=Shirazi|first=Maria|work=The News International|language=en}}</ref> |} === Ngosipụta ndị ọzọ === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! Ihe ndetu |- | 2014 | ''Shareek-e-Hayat'' | Na-emegharị ugboro ugboro | Usoro ihunanya Anthology, ọdịdị Episodic |- | 2014 | ''Kitni Girhain Baaki Hain'' | Na-emegharị ugboro ugboro | Usoro anthology |- | 2016 | ''Salam Zindagi'' | Onwe ya | Ụtụtụ Talkshow nke Faysal Qureshi kwadoro ya |- | 2017 | ''Mehmaan Qadardan'' | Onwe ya | Ọdịdị pụrụ iche |- | 2017 | ''Jago Pakistan Jago'' | Onwe ya | Ọbịa na ndị otu ''Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila'' maka nkwalite ọrụ a |- | 2017 | ''Mazaaq Raat'' | Onwe ya | Ọbịa na Abdullah Ejaz |} == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Award ! scope="col" |Category ! scope="col" |Work ! scope="col" |Result ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref |- | rowspan="3" |2014 | rowspan="8" |Hum Awards |Best Supporting Actress | scope="row" |''Ullu Baraye Farokht Nahi'' | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=2nd Servis Hum Awards Held at Karachi|url=http://www.web.pk/2014/servis-2nd-hum-awards-2014-by-hum-network-karachi/|publisher=Web [[Pakistan]]|work=Umar Farooq|date=5 April 2014|accessdate=7 April 2014|archivedate=7 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170707185911/https://www.web.pk/2014/servis-2nd-hum-awards-2014-by-hum-network-karachi/}}</ref> |- |Best Actress | rowspan="2" scope="row" |''Rishtay Kuch Adhooray Se'' | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winner List of 2nd Hum Awards|url=http://showbizspice.com/winner-list-of-2nd-hum-tv-awards-2014/|publisher=Showbiz Spice|date=30 March 2014|accessdate=6 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140403141351/http://showbizspice.com/winner-list-of-2nd-hum-tv-awards-2014/|archivedate=3 April 2014}}</ref> |- |Best Actress Popular | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Winners of Hum Awards 2014 and Pictures|url=http://www.hamaridunya.pk/28964-winner-list-of-2nd-hum-tv-awards-2014-exclusive-pictures.html|publisher=Humari Dunya|date=2 April 2014|accessdate=9 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407074155/http://www.hamaridunya.pk/28964-winner-list-of-2nd-hum-tv-awards-2014-exclusive-pictures.html|archivedate=7 April 2014}}</ref> |- |2015 |Best Actor in a Negative Role | scope="row" |''Mausam'' | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1173462|title=HUM TV Awards 2015: the nominations are in|author=Desk|first=Entertainment|date=2015-04-02|work=DAWN.COM|accessdate=2018-07-29|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2016 |Best Actress | rowspan="2" scope="row" |''Jugnoo'' | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hum Awards 2016 Complete Nominations List|url=http://www.brandsynario.com/hum-awards-2016-complete-nominations-list/|work=Maheen Nusrat|publisher=Brandsynario|date=April 6, 2016|accessdate=April 6, 2016}}</ref> |- |Best Actress Popular | {{Nom}} |<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hum Awards 2016 Complete Nominations List|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/instep-today/112163-What-to-expect-at-the-Hum-Awards-2016|publisher=[[The News International]]|date=April 13, 2016|accessdate=April 14, 2016}}</ref> |- |2018 |Best On-screen couple with Ahmed Ali | scope="row" |''Yeh Raha Dil'' | {{Nom}} |<ref name="D.Pakistan">{{Cite news|url=https://en.dailypakistan.com.pk/lifestyle/exciting-hum-awards-has-revealed-their-viewers-choice-nominations-list/|title=Exciting: Hum Awards has revealed their viewers choice nominations list|work=Daily Pakistan Global|accessdate=2018-07-23|language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2018 |Best Actress | scope="row" |''Dar Si Jaati Hai Sila'' | {{Won}} |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://images.dawn.com/news/1183796|title=Here's everyone who won big at the 7th Hum Awards|work=Dawn Images|date=October 1, 2020|accessdate=April 18, 2021}}</ref> |- |2020 |19th Lux Style Awards |Best Actress (Viewers' Choice) |''Inkaar'' |{{Won}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2021 | rowspan="3" |20th Lux Style Awards |Best Actress Critics' Choice | rowspan="2" |''Pyar Ke Sadqay'' |{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/amp/899266-geo-lsa-2021-yumna-zaidi-celebrates-the-year-with-2-best-actor-awards|title=GEO LSA 2021: Yumna Zaidi celebrates the year with two 'Best Actor' awards|work=Thenews|accessdate=10 October 2021}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |Best Actress Viewers' Choice |{{Won}} |- |''Raaz-e-Ulfat'' |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="2" |2022 | rowspan="2" |21st Lux Style Awards |Best Actress (Critics' Choice) | rowspan="2" |''Dil Na Umeed To Nahi'' |{{Nom}} | |- |Best Actress (Viewers' Choice) |{{Nom}} | |- | rowspan="3" |2023 | rowspan="2" |22nd Lux Style Awards |Best Actress - Critics' choice | rowspan="4" |''Bakhtawar'' |{{Won}} | rowspan="2" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thefridaytimes.com/07-Oct-2023/yumna-zaidi-wins-big-at-lsa-2023%3fversion=|title=Yumna Zaidi Wins Big At LSA 2023|date=7 October 2023|work=The Friday Times|accessdate=8 October 2023}}</ref> |- |Best TV Actress – Viewer's choice |{{Won}} |- | rowspan="1" |IPPA Awards |Best TV Actor Female |{{Nom}} | rowspan="1" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brauss.in/ippa-awards-2023-winners-list/|title=IPPA Awards 2023 Winners List, Best Actor, Best Film all details|work=Brauss.in|accessdate=23 October 2023|archivedate=24 October 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024170037/https://www.brauss.in/ippa-awards-2023-winners-list/}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2024 | rowspan="3" |Hum Awards | rowspan="2" |Best Actress Popular |{{Won}} | rowspan="3" |<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.samaa.tv/2087321717-hum-awards-2024-yumna-zaidi-sehar-khan-among-top-winners|title=Hum Awards 2024: Yumna Zaidi, Sehar Khan among top winners|work=SamaaTV|accessdate=1 October 2024}}</ref> <br /><br /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bolnews.com/showbiz/2024/09/hum-awards-2024-which-celebrity-took-trophies-to-home/|title=Hum Awards 2024: Which celebrity took trophies to home?|work=BolNews|accessdate=29 September 2024}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |''Ishq-e-Laa'' |{{Nom}} |- |Best On-screen couple with Azaan Sami Khan |{{Nom}} |} == Ntụaka == Nahi (2013), nke mechara nweta ya nhọpụta onye na-akwado ihe nkiri kacha mma na Hum Awards. Ọrụ nkwanye ùgwù ya nke{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 56aclyja3h13hddgm6d1b9b5wix8l8c 0 52827 654226 212047 2026-06-07T01:35:53Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|image=Carmen Cusack at 2016 Theatre World Awards.jpg|caption=Cusack at the 2016 [[Theatre World Award]]s}} '''Carmen Cusack''' (amuru Eprel 25, 1971) bu onye omere na onye na-agụ egwu egwu America. A maara ya maka ịkpọ Elphaba na Chicago, North American Tour, na Melbourne mmepụta nke ''ndị ajọ omume'' egwu yana maka ịmalite ọrụ Alice Murphy na Clare Boothe Luce na egwu Broadway ''Bright Star'' na ''Flying Over Sunset'', n'otu n'otu. Ọrụ ya na ''Bright Star'', nke bụ Broadway mpụta mbụ ya, a na-eto ya nke ukwuu ma nweta ya Tony Award nomination na 2016 Theater World Award . Ọ natara nhọpụta Tony Award nke abụọ maka arụmọrụ ya na ''Flying Over Sunset''. == Ndụ mbido == Cusack gara Mahadum North Texas <ref>{{Cite web|author=DeLeón|first=Jessica|date=2016-09-30|title=Alumna Makes Her Mark on Broadway|url=https://northtexan.unt.edu/issues/2016-fall/alumna-makes-her-mark-broadway|accessdate=2021-06-06|work=UNT North Texan|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201202133541/https://northtexan.unt.edu/issues/2016-fall/alumna-makes-her-mark-broadway|archivedate=2020-12-02}}</ref> wee gụchaa na nzere nka nka. Ọ zụrụ azụ na opera, ballet, jazz na tap. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Carmen Cusack Bio|url=http://carmencusack.com/biography.pdf|work=carmencusack.com|accessdate=2009-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110201140604/http://carmencusack.com/biography.pdf|archivedate=2011-02-01}}</ref> Cusack lụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Scottish Paul Telfer . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Spaner|first=Whitney|date=2016-05-08|title=Meet the Man Who Stopped Carmen Cusack From Giving Up Theatre|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/meet-the-man-who-stopped-carmen-cusack-from-giving-up-theatre|work=Playbill|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509103133/http://www.playbill.com/article/meet-the-man-who-stopped-carmen-cusack-from-giving-up-theatre|archivedate=2016-05-09}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akara ugo mmụta ya, Cusack nakweere ọrụ na MS <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Queen Elizabeth 2</i></nowiki>, nke gbanwere usoro ọrụ ya. Na Manchester, England, o nwere ọrụ mmepe ya dị ka Christine Daae na ''The Phantom of the Opera'' . N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke a gasịrị, o mere West End mpụta mbụ dị ka Fantine na ''Les Misérables'' . <ref name="interview">{{Cite web|author=Millward|first=Tom|date=2016-06-02|title=Interview with Bright Star's Carmen Cusack|url=https://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/news-features/interviews/interview-with-bright-stars-carmen-cusack|work=New York Theatre Guide|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920171635/https://www.newyorktheatreguide.com/news-features/interviews/interview-with-bright-stars-carmen-cusack|archivedate=2020-09-20}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === ''Ajọ omume'' === Cusack laghachiri na America, na Disemba 12, 2006, sonyeere Chicago mmepụta nke ''ajọ omume'' dị ka njikere maka ọrụ ndu nke Elphaba . N'ịbụ onye nwere mmasị na nkọwa ya banyere agwa ahụ, ndị na-emepụta ya gwara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-edu ndú na njem nleta mba mbụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ, malite na Nọvemba 2007. <ref name="new-leading" /> Jennifer DiNoia weghaara ọrụ ya dị ka njikere. Cusack malitere mmemme na njem nlegharị anya, dochie Victoria Matlock, na Nọvemba 6, 2007. <ref name="new-leading">{{Cite web|author=Gans|first=Andrew|date=2007-11-12|title=''Wicked'' Tour Has New Leading Witches|url=http://www.playbill.com/article/wicked-tour-has-new-leading-witches-com-145331|work=Playbill|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305153248/http://www.playbill.com/article/wicked-tour-has-new-leading-witches-com-145331|archivedate=2016-03-05}}</ref> Ọ gbara n'akụkụ [[Katie Rose Clarke]] dị ka Glinda . Mgbe ọ nọrọ otu afọ na njem nlegharị anya, ọ hapụrụ na Nọvemba 2, 2008, ma dochie anya Donna Vivino, bụ onye nọworo na njikere ya. <ref>[https://playbill.com/article/wicked-tour-welcomes-new-elphaba-donna-vivino-nov-5-com-154904 "Wicked Tour Welcomes New Elphaba, Donna Vivino, Nov. 5"], Playbill.com; accessed May 11, 2022.</ref> == Ntụaka == North American Tour, na Melbourne mmepụta nke ndị ajọ omume egwu yana maka ịmalite ọrụ Alice Murphy na Clare Boothe{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] efhig18ek8vcps8mvl23ob0ogcj35lu 0 52867 654219 189840 2026-06-07T01:32:27Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654219 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Saakini Daakini''''' bụ Ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị nke asụsụ Telugu nke India nke 2022<ref>{{Cite web|author=Hungama|first=Bollywood|date=2022-08-25|title="Working with Nivetha Thomas was a lot of fun and looks like action comedy is our cuppa of tea" – Regina Cassandra on Telugu comedy Saakini Daakini : Bollywood News - Bollywood Hungama|work=[[Bollywood Hungama]]|url=https://www.bollywoodhungama.com/news/south-cinema/working-nivetha-thomas-lot-fun-looks-like-action-comedy-cuppa-tea-regina-cassandra-telugu-comedy-saakini-daakini/|accessdate=2022-08-29|language=en}}</ref> nke Sudheer Varma duziri ma mepụta ya site na Suresh Productions, Guru Films, na Kross Pictures. Ihe ngosi nke ihe nkiri South Korea nke afọ 2017 Midnight Runners, ọ bụ Regina Cassandra na Nivetha Thomas. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwere egwu nke Mikey McCleary dere. Isi foto mere site na Machị 2021 ruo Ọgọst 2021, kpamkpam na Hyderabad. A tọhapụrụ ''Saakini Daakini'' na 16 Septemba 2022. == Atụmatụ == Shalini na Damini, ndị uwe ojii abụọ na-azụ ọzụzụ maka ọkwa Sub-Inspector mgbe ha gafere Telangana State Level Public Recruitment Board site na nzụlite dị iche iche, ghọrọ ndị na-asọ mpi mgbe ha banyere n'ime ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ na ntinye ha n'otu ọnụ ụlọ. Esemokwu ha mechara bata n'ọgụ zuru oke nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkwusioru ha. Otú ọ dị, mgbe Shalini nyeere Damini merụrụ ahụ aka n'oge mgba ọsọ ọhịa mgbe ọ na-adịghị onye ọzọ na-eme ya, a na-aja omume ha mma ma bụrụ ezigbo enyi. Otu ụbọchị, ha hụrụ ntọrọ nke otu nwa agbọghọ ka ha si na klọb ahụ lọta n'etiti abalị. Otú ọ dị, ngalaba ndị na-efu efu nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii dị n'ógbè ahụ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ntọrọ nke nwa nwoke nke onye ọchụnta ego n'oge ahụ ma ghara inwe ike ịchọpụta ikpe ahụ. N'ịmara na ha nọ n'oge dị oke egwu mgbe a tọọrọ ha, ha malitere nyocha ha. Mgbe Shalini na Damini jidere ndị a tọọrọ, ọ dị ka ndị otu a na-agba mgbanaka akwa akwa na-enweghị fatịlaịza na enwere ọtụtụ ụmụ agbọghọ ndị ọzọ akpọchiri n'ebe nzuzo ha. Shalini na Damini na-agbalị ịzọpụta ha mana kama a na-akụ ha ma kpọchie ha. Mgbe ha gbanahụchara ndị ha dọọrọ n’agha, ha laghachiri n’echi ya gaa n’ebe zoro ezo nke tọgbọrọ chakoo na ebe oyi juru. Ebe ọ bụ na ha abụghị ndị uwe ojii na-arụ ọrụ, prọfesọ ha gwara ha ka ha ghara ịchụso ikpe ahụ ọzọ. N'ịbụ ndị na-enweghị ike ichere ka ndị ọrụ gọọmentị dozie okwu ahụ, ha malitekwara nyocha nke ha ọzọ. Ha na-enweta ọzụzụ anụ ahụ siri ike ma nwee ike ịchọpụta ndị ntọ ahụ, site n'enyemaka nke Ihe nkiri CCTV, gaa n'ụlọ ọgwụ ọmụmụ. N'ịbụ ndị ji ngwá agha mee, ha abụọ na-abanye iji tọhapụ ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ n'onwe ha, n'oge a dị njikere karịa. Ha jisiri ike gbuo ndị ntọ niile na onye isi ha ma zọpụta ụmụ agbọghọ niile. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ụfọdụ n'ime Kọmitii ịdọ aka ná ntị kwenyere na ha emeela ihe ziri ezi n'omume, kama a na-egbochi ha otu afọ na ọmụmụ ha ma malite ọzụzụ site na mmalite. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==   == Mmepụta == Na Jenụwarị 2020, onye nrụpụta Suresh Babu nwetara ikike nrụpụta nke ihe nkiri South Korea Midnight Runners na mmekorita ya na Kross Pictures dabere na Seoul.[1] [2] Onye isi Sudheer Varma bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ka ọ bụrụkwa onye nrụpụta n'otu ọnwa ahụ.[3] Ebinyere onye na-eme ihe nkiri Regina Cassandra na Nivetha Thomas ka ha rụọ ọrụ ndu na Ọgọst 2020.[4][5] Ihe nkiri a nwere egwu Mikey McCleary mebere.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-23|title=Saakini Daakini teaser – Funny and intense|url=https://www.123telugu.com/mnews/saakini-daakini-teaser-funny-and-intense.html|accessdate=2022-08-24|work=123telugu.com|language=en}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere foto ya na Machị 2021 mana a kwụsịrị ya n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19. Oge ikpeazụ maliteghachiri na July n'afọ ahụ na mmechi foto n'August 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-26|title=Shakini Dhakini, Telugu remake of Midnight Runners, resumes shoot|url=https://www.cinemaexpress.com/stories/news/2021/jul/26/shakini-dhakini-telugu-remake-of-midnight-runnersresumes-shoot-25694.html|accessdate=|work=[[Cinema Express]]|language=en}}</ref> E gosipụtara aha ihe nkiri ahụ dị ka ''Saakini Daakini'' na Nọvemba 2021. <ref>{{Cite web|date=5 November 2021|title=Regina and Nivetha's upcoming Korean thriller remake titled 'Saakini Dhaakini'|url=https://www.onmanorama.com/entertainment/entertainment-news/2021/11/05/regina-nivetha-upcoming-korean-thriller-remake-titled-saakini-dhaakini.html|accessdate=|work=[[Onmanorama]]}}</ref> Ihe nkiri a bụ mmegharị mbụ Varma mere dịka onye nduzi. Ọ bụ ezie na ihe nkiri mbụ ahụ gosipụtara ndị nwoke abụọ na-eme ihe nkiri, Varma tụgharịrị nwoke na nwanyị ha na nwanyị wee gbanwee edemede ahụ. A gbara ihe nkiri ahụ kpamkpam na Hyderabad. == Ntọhapụ == === Ihe nkiri === A tọhapụrụ ''Saakini Daakini'' na 16 Septemba 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-08-16|title=Regina Cassandra and Nivetha Thomas' Midnight Runners remake Saakini Daakini to release on September 16|url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/regina-cassandra-and-nivetha-thomass-midnight-runners-remake-saakini-daakini-release-september-16-1177448|accessdate=|work=[[Pinkvilla]]|language=|archivedate=13 September 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220913061342/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/south/regina-cassandra-and-nivetha-thomass-midnight-runners-remake-saakini-daakini-release-september-16-1177448}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi n'ụlọ === Na mbido Disemba 2021, ndị na-eme ya tụgharịrị uche na mwepụta na Netflix n'ihi ọrịa na-efe efe.[1][2] Emere ihe nkiri a ka ọ dị na Netflix site na Septemba 30, 2022 na Telugu, Tamil na Malayalam. == Nnakwere == Balakrishna Ganeshan nke The News Minute gosipụtara ihe nkiri ahụ 2.5 n'ime kpakpando 5 wee dee, "Ọ dị ka ọ nweghị ọganihu na akụkọ ahụ nakwa na atụmatụ ahụ na-agagharị n'otu okirikiri ahụ. Ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị na ihe nkiri metụtara Prithviraj na ndị ọzọ na mbụ. ọkara, nke na-eme ka ihe nkiri ahụ nwee obi ọkụ, na-atụfu akara ya kpamkpam na ọkara nke abụọ."[1] The Times of India gosiri ihe nkiri ahụ 2.5 n'ime kpakpando ise, na-ekwu, "N'agbanyeghị na ọkara mbụ ya na-atọ ụtọ, ihe nkiri ahụ na-ejedebe na ọkara nke abụọ na-akụda n'okpuru ibu nke ya. ndewo mgbanwe."[2] Sakshi Post gosiri ihe nkiri ahụ 2 n'ime kpakpando ise wee kwuo, "Lee Saakini Daakini n'ihe ize ndụ nke gị. Ọ bụrụ na ị hụrụ ihe nkiri Korea n'anya, lelee nsụgharị mbụ kama!".[3] Sangeetha Devi Dundoo nke Hindu kwuru, "Nivetha Thomas na Regina Cassandra na-eme ihe omume a na-atọ ụtọ banyere ụmụ agbọghọ abụọ na-akụ ọkpọ karịa ibu ha, ihe nkiri na-atọ ụtọ." == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|12874984}} d713h1owc0cq3czmyzwyyjalpyg1ua3 0 53501 654175 632935 2026-06-06T19:59:13Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox television | image = | image_alt = | caption = Poster | genre = {{plainlist| *Crime *Mystery }} | creator = | director = Terry Loane | writer = Tom Dalton | story = | starring = {{plainlist| <!-- Organized by broadcast opening credits order. --> * [[Ruth Bradley]] * [[Pippa Haywood]] * [[Ralph Ineson]] * [[Tim McInnerny]] * [[Blake Harrison]] * [[Samantha Spiro]] * Joshua Silver * Luke Pierre }} | theme_music_composer = Andrew Simon McAllister | country = United Kingdom | language = English | executive_producer = {{plainlist| * Emily Dalton * Tom Dalton * Chamoun Issa }} | producer = Brett Wilson | location = Northern Ireland | cinematography = Damien Elliott | editor = {{plainlist| * Claire Pringle * Zsófi Tálas }} | runtime = 93 Minutes | company = Darlow Smithson Productions | budget = | network = [[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5]] | released = | first_aired = {{Start date|2018|12|23|df=yes}} | last_aired = }} Agatha na Eziokwu nke igbu ọchụ bụ ihe nkiri 2018 ọzọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Britain gbasara onye ode akwụkwọ mpụ Agatha Christie na-abanye n'ime ikpe igbu ọchụ n'ezie n'oge ọ ga-efu ụbọchị iri na otu na 1926. Edere Tom Dalton, ọ na-egosi Christie na-enyocha ogbugbu nke nwa nwanyị Florence Nightingale, Florence Nightingale Shore, nke dabere na ezigbo mmadụ na ihe omume,[2] yana etu itinye aka ya na nke a si metụta idebe ya sochirinụ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Cook|first=Rosemary|title=The Nightingale Shore Murder|date=7 October 2015|publisher=Troubador|isbn=9781784624040}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ malitere na Channel 5 na United Kingdom na 23 Disemba 2018; na-aghọ mmemme kachasị ewu ewu na netwọk ahụ n'oge Krismas na mmemme akụkọ ifo nke abụọ kachasị elu n'afọ.<ref name="Bhavnani">{{Cite web|author=Bhavnani|first=Sanjeev|title=Channel 5 delivers best ever ABC1 ratings in 2018|url=https://advanced-television.com/2019/01/02/channel-5-delivers-best-ever-abc1-ratings-in-2018/|work=Advanced Television|date=January 2, 2019|accessdate=6 February 2019}}</ref> Ọ bụ nke mbụ n'usoro ihe nkiri Christie nke Dalton dere. ''Agatha na ọbụbụ ọnụ nke Ishtar'' na Agatha na igbu ọchụ Midnight sochiri ya. == Atụmatụ == N'afọ 1926, Agatha Christie hụrụ onwe ya n'ọnọdụ siri ike mgbe usoro ihe omuma a na-ahụ anya na-egbochi edemede ya na di ya na-ekwesịghị ntụkwasị obi na-akpali ya ịgba alụkwaghịm ọ na-achọghị. Ka ọ na-achọ ụzọ iji mee ka mmepe akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dịghachi ndụ, Mabel Rogers bịakwutere ya, onye na-achọ enyemaka iji dozie ogbugbu e gburu na 1920 nke onye mmekọ ya, Florence Nightingale Shore, onye a kụrụ ya ọnwụ n'ụgbọ okporo ígwè. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ala azụ na mbụ ime nyocha onwe onye, Christie na-aga na nzuzo ka mba ahụ na-achọ ebe ọ nọ. Na-akpọ onwe ya Mary Westmacott (aha mbụ Christie), ọ na-achịkọta ndị niile a na-enyo enyo na mwakpo ahụ n'ụlọ ime obodo n'okpuru ihe ngọpụ nke ịchọpụta òkè ha nke nnukwu ihe nketa site n'aka onye ọchụnta ego America, ya na onwe ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọka iwu na Mabel na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ na onye na-esi nri. Ndị a na-enyo enyo gụnyere Daphne Miller, nwa agbọghọ nke ọrụ nọọsụ Florence gaara emebi ma ọ bụrụ na ọ dị ndụ; Randolph, nwa nwanne Florence nke ketara ego ya; Zaki Hanachi, onye agha France nke ndị nna nna Algeria nke o nyeere aka ịgbake mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị na onye nwere ike ịrịọ ya ego; Travis Pickford, onye ọkpọ na onye ahịa ojii nke ndị uwe ojii gbara ajụjụ ọnụ; na Oriakụ Pamela Rose, nwanyị Florence na-aga ịhụ. Daphne na nna ya na-emegbu ya bụ Wade, na Mrs. Rose na nwa ya nwoke bụ Franklin, onye bụbu ụkọchukwu. Mabel nwere ike ịchọ akpa ndị ọbịa ahụ, ma chọpụta na Wade Miller nwere ike ịnwe égbè. Iji gbalịa ịmanye ndị ọzọ meghachi omume, Christie kwupụtara mgbe ajụjụ ọnụ mbụ gasịrị na Daphne ga-enweta òkè kachasị ukwuu nke ihe nketa ahụ. Ihe omume gbanwere mgbe a gbagburu nna Daphne. Detective Inspector Dicks na-abịa na otu onye uwe ojii, na-eme mkpesa na ọ bụ onye na-enweghị enyemaka n'ihi ịchụ nta Agatha Christie, nakwa na n'ihi nke a ọ ga-eme nyocha n'ụlọ kama n'ụlọ ndị uwe ojii. A chọpụtara ngwa ngwa na a chịkọtara ha n'okpuru aghụghọ ụgha, Christie gbanwere akụkọ ya iji kwekọọ. A chọtara Mabel na-ejide ngwá agha igbu ọchụ ma jide ya. Dicks kpughere Christie na ọ maara onye ọ bụ. Ọ makwaara na Daphne gbagburu nna ya. Christie, ebe ọ chọtara nkọwa dị mkpa na akwụkwọ Florence, gwara ya na ọ maara onye wakporo Florence ma rịọ ya maka enyemaka. Ha na-etinye ọnyà iji mee ka Pamela Rose na nwa ya nwoke kweta na ha na-etinye aka. Ọbụna mgbe Dicks na ndị ọzọ nụrụ mkparịta ụka ahụ, ihe akaebe ahụ dị oke obere iji maa ha ikpe, n'agbanyeghị na e nwere ihe akaebe na ha dere akwụkwọ ozi na-emenye Daphne nsogbu itinye égbè ahụ n'ime ụlọ Mabel. Kama nke ahụ, ndị ọzọ na-agba izu ịgha ụgha maka igbu nna Daphne. Inspector Dicks na-enyere Christie aka ịhazi akụkọ mkpuchi maka ọpụpụ ya ma na-amaghị ama na-enyere ya aka inweta echiche maka akwụkwọ ọhụrụ. E gosipụtara ya ka ọ na-emecha ihe odide nke yiri ka ọ bụ Ọnwụ na Naịl. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ==   == Mmepụta == Ihe nkiri mere site na 2 October ruo 22 October 2018 na Northern Ireland.[1] Ebe gụnyere Grey Abbey House na Greyabbey, [2] Royal Belfast Golf Course, na Ulster Folk na Transport Museum.[1] Agbagburu ihe nkiri ụgbọ oloko ahụ na Downpatrick na County Down Railway,[3] na-eji ọdụ Downpatrick na Loop Platform, nke ikpeazụ yi uwe dị ka Polegate Junction.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Stars of silver screen roll in to railway for Agatha Christie film|url=http://www.thedownrecorder.co.uk/pages/index.asp?title=Stars_of_silver_screen_roll_in_to_railway_for_Agatha_Christie_film|work=[[Down Recorder]]|date=19 December 2018|accessdate=6 February 2019|archivedate=7 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207020355/http://www.thedownrecorder.co.uk/pages/index.asp?title=Stars_of_silver_screen_roll_in_to_railway_for_Agatha_Christie_film}}</ref>   <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2019)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Brett Wilson mepụtara Agatha na Eziokwu nke igbu ọchụ nke Terry Loane duziri ya, yana kpakpando Ruth Bradley n'ọrụ akpọrọ Agatha Christie.[1] Bradley kwetara na ọ na-enwe nrụgide na-akpọ Christie wee jiri akụkọ ndụ Laura Thompson mee ihe (Agatha Christie: An English Mystery, 2007) "dị ka Akwụkwọ Nsọ".<ref name="BelfastT">{{Cite web|title=Ruth Bradley felt 'huge pressure' playing Agatha Christie in new drama|url=https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/entertainment/film-tv/news/ruth-bradley-felt-huge-pressure-playing-agatha-christie-in-new-drama-37652627.html|work=[[Belfast Telegraph]]|date=22 December 2018}}</ref> == Ihe Ndị Na-eso ya == Dalton edeela ihe nkiri abụọ ọzọ Agatha na ọnụ nke Ishtar na Agatha na Midnight Murders. == Ntọhapụ == === Mgbasa ozi === ''Agatha na Eziokwu nke Ogbugbu'' malitere na UK na Channel 5, na 23 Disemba 2018, na elekere 9 nke ehihie.<ref name="Munn">{{Cite web|author=Munn|first=Patrick|url=https://www.tvwise.co.uk/2018/12/channel-5-sets-premiere-date-for-agatha-the-truth-of-murder/|title=Channel 5 Sets Premiere Date For 'Agatha & The Truth Of Murder'|work=TV Wise|date=4 December 2018}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi n'ụlọ === E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na Canada na United States dị ka VOD na Netflix na 31 Jenụwarị 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|date=January 2019|title=Agatha and the Truth of Murder (2018)|url=https://www.newonnetflix.ca/agatha-and-the-truth-of-murder-2018/|accessdate=6 February 2019|work=NewOnNetflix.Ca|archivedate=7 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190207072233/https://www.newonnetflix.ca/agatha-and-the-truth-of-murder-2018/}} 7 February 2019</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Agatha and the Truth of Murder|url=https://usa.newonnetflix.info/info/81047683/s|work=New On Netflix–USA–|date=January 2019|accessdate=6 February 2019}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mzn2szeyeyuueko94vmc3g1vcollwl7 0 53801 654229 210711 2026-06-07T01:37:13Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654229 wikitext text/x-wiki  Alaíde Foppa (1914 – c. 1980?) bụ onye Guatemalan na-ede uri, odee, onye na-agụ nwanyị, onye nkatọ nka, onye nkuzi na onye ntụgharị asụsụ. Amụrụ na Barcelona, ​​​​Spain, ọ nwere nwa amaala Guatemalan wee biri na mba ọzọ na Mexico. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ na Guatemala na Mexico. E bipụtara ọtụtụ n'ime uri ya na Mexico na o mebere otu n'ime akwụkwọ mbụ nwanyị, Fem, na mba ahụ. Mgbe di ya nwụsịrị, ọ gara Guatemala ịga hụ nne ya ma megharịa akwụkwọ ikike ngafe ya. E jidere ya wee pụọ na Guatemala City na 19 Disemba 1980, chere na a ga-egbu ya. Ụfọdụ akwụkwọ na-ekwu na ụbọchị ọ furu efu dịka 9 Disemba 1980. == Akụkọ ndụ == María Alaíde Foppa Falla mụrụ 3 Disemba 1914 na Barcelona, ​​​​Spain nye Tito Livio Foppa na Julia Falla. Nne ya bụ onye pianist[1] sitere na agbụrụ Guatemalan na nna ya bụ onye nnọchi anya Argentine-Itali. Ọ tolitere njem, na-ebi na Belgium, France na Italy.[2] Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ịtali, na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nkà na akwụkwọ. Ọ na-asụ Ịtali nke ọma ma rụọ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye nsụgharị.{{Cite news|author=Zamora Márquez|first=Anaiz|title=Abiertos tres juicios por desaparición de feminista Alaíde Foppa|url=http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/68393|accessdate=22 April 2015|publisher=Cimac Noticias|date=5 December 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> N'afọ ndị 1940, Foppa nwetara ịbụ nwa amaala Guatemalan, [1] wee lụọ onye ekpe Guatemalan, Alfonso Solórzano.[2] Onye so na FDN, ọ bụ "onye Kọmunist nwere ọgụgụ isi", onye jisiri ike na Guatemala Institute of Social Security. Solórzano mechara bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ onye isi ala Guatemalan Jacobo Árbenz[3] Ya na Solórzano, ọ mụrụ ụmụ anọ, amụrụ na Mexico: Mario, Juan Pablo, Silvia[2] na Laura.[4] Ọkpara Foppa Julio bụ nwa Juan José Arévalo, onye bu ụzọ Árbenz dị ka onye isi ala Guatemala. Foppa jere ozi na ngalaba nke ngalaba mmadụ na Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (Mahadum San Carlos nke Guatemala) ma bụrụ onye guzobere Institutelọ Ọrụ Omenala Ịtali na mba Central America. A manyere ya na di ya ịgbapụ na mba ahụ na 1954 mgbe ndị agha na-akwado CIA kwaturu onyeisi oche nke Jacobo Árbenz[1]. Foppa biri na mba ọzọ na Mexico, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye prọfesọ na National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), bụ ebe ọ kuziri Ịtali na School of Philosophy and Letters wee nye nkuzi mbụ na mahadum Latin America na nkà mmụta mmekọrịta ụmụ nwanyị. [1] Ọ gụrụ nkuzi na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ, bipụta kọlụm wee jee ozi dị ka onye nkatọ nka n'akwụkwọ akụkọ mpaghara, [2] ma dee ọtụtụ uri ya na Mexico City. A kwenyere na e bipụtara akwụkwọ uri ndị ọzọ niile na Mexico, ma e wezụga akwụkwọ a na-akpọ Poesías nke e bipụtara na Madrid na La Sin Ventura nke e bipụtara na Guatemala, n'agbanyeghị na o dere ma dezie ụfọdụ n'ime ha n'ugbo ezinụlọ ya dị na Ngalaba Sacatepéquez, mgbe ọ na-eleta. nne ya.{{Cite news|title=Cien años de Alaíde Foppa|url=http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20141203/cultura/5705/Cien-a%C3%B1os-de-Ala%C3%ADde-Foppa.htm|accessdate=22 April 2015|publisher=El Periódico|date=3 December 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref>   N'afọ 1972, o mepụtara mmemme redio "Foro de la Mujer" (Women's Forum) nke a na-agbasa na Radio Universidad, iji kwurịta enweghị nhata n'ime ọha mmadụ nke Mexico, ime ihe ike na otu esi emeso ime ihe ike dị ka ọha na eze karịa nchegbu onwe onye, na ịchọpụta ndụ ụmụ nwanyị. N'afọ 1975, ya na Margarita García Flores guzobere akwụkwọ ''Fem'', magazin maka nyocha nke okwu site n'echiche ụmụ nwanyị. <ref name="ParraToledo2005">{{Cite news|author=Parra Toledo|first=Alejandra|title=Fem publicación feminista pionera en América Latina se convierte en revista virtual|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2005/10/03/informacion/86_fem.htm|accessdate=23 April 2015|work=La Jornada|language=Spanish|date=3 October 2005}}</ref> Foppa kwadoro mbipụta ahụ site na ego nke ya. <ref name="Zamora Márquez (2014)">{{Cite news|author=Zamora Márquez|first=Anaiz|title=Abiertos tres juicios por desaparición de feminista Alaíde Foppa|url=http://www.cimacnoticias.com.mx/node/68393|accessdate=22 April 2015|publisher=Cimac Noticias|date=5 December 2014|language=Spanish}} [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Ndị nta akụkọ na ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ na Mexico nyere aka n'ịtọ ntọala magazin ahụ. <ref name=":0">Mariscal, Sonia. (2014). “I am not a feminist!!!” Feminism and its Natural Allies, Mexican Feminism in the 70s/80s. Thinking Gender 2014. UCLA: UCLA Center for the Study of Women. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7c7114jz</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị Latin America a ma ama na mbido afọ 1980 ejighị "''Fem''" kama ọ bụ "Humanism", dịka Griselda Alvarez mgbe Fem jụrụ ya.<ref name=":0" /> Foppa bụkwa onye na-ekere òkè mgbe niile na ihe omume ya na Amnesty International na International Association of Women Against Repression (AIMUR). <ref name="Zamora Márquez (2014)"/> Ya na ndị ọzọ nọ n'òtù ndị nwere ọgụgụ isi na Guatemala, Foppa katọrọ gọọmentị maka mmebi ikike mmadụ na aha ya malitere ịpụta na ndepụta ndị e bipụtara nke "ndị na-agba ọchịchị mgba okpuru". == Mfu == Mgbe ụgbọ ala kụrụ di ya Solórzano ma gbuo ya, Foppa gara Guatemala, <ref name="Poniatowska (2012)">{{Cite news|author=Poniatowska|first=Elena|title=Alaíde Foppa: 31 años después|url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2012/10/21/cultura/a03a1cul|accessdate=22 April 2015|work=La Jornada|date=21 October 2012|language=Spanish}}</ref> iji leta nne ya {{Cite news|author=Vargas|first=Vania|title=Alaíde Foppa: El corazón tiene el tamaño de un puño cerrado|url=http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20141130/elacordeon/5580/Ala%C3%ADde-Foppa-El-coraz%C3%B3n-tiene-el-tama%C3%B1o-de-un-pu%C3%B1o-cerrado.htm|accessdate=22 April 2015|publisher=El Periódico|date=30 November 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> ma mezigharịa paspọtụ ya, <ref name="Cien Años (2014)">{{Cite news|title=Cien años de Alaíde Foppa|url=http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20141203/cultura/5705/Cien-a%C3%B1os-de-Ala%C3%ADde-Foppa.htm|accessdate=22 April 2015|publisher=El Periódico|date=3 December 2014|language=Spanish}} [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> mana ekwere na o kpebiri ịrụ ọrụ maka ndị agha nnupụisi. Site n'otu akụkọ, ọ sonyeere ndị agha nnupụisi na Guatemala City, ebe ndị ọrụ nchekwa gọọmentị jidere ya ozugbo.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Looking for history : dispatches from Latin America|author=Guillermoprieto|first=Alma|date=2002|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=030742667X|location=New York|pages=83|oclc=712672478}}</ref> Ụmụ ya nwoke abụọ Mario na Juan Pablo, ọ bụ ezie na a mụrụ ha na Mexico, laghachiri ịlụ ọgụ na ndị agha guerrilla na Guatemala ma gbuo ha. Nwa ya nwanyị, Silvia, onye kwadokwara ndị nnupụisi ahụ, zoro na Cuba ruo oge ụfọdụ <ref name="Poniatowska (2012)" /> ma n'oge Foppa lara n'iyi ọ laghachiri Guatemala. Nwa nwanyị Foppa bụ Laura bụ onye na-agba egwú ma na-eme ihe nkiri na Covarrubias Theatre nke ga-emeghe na 21 Disemba 1980. Mgbe ọ kpọrọ oku iji chọpụta na nne ya ga-alaghachi maka arụmọrụ ahụ, ọ mụtara site n'aka nne nne ya na onye ọkwọ ụgbọala ahụ, Leocadio Axtún Chiroy. Nwa ya nwoke nke okenye, Julio Solórzano Foppa, nwetara oku ekwentị site n'aka Laura onye gwara ya na nwa ya nwanyị nke okenye, Silvia nụrụ na nne ya furu efu na redio n'ogige ndị agha okpuru n'ugwu El Quiche.{{Cite news|author=Vargas|first=Vania|title=Alaíde Foppa: El corazón tiene el tamaño de un puño cerrado|url=http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20141130/elacordeon/5580/Ala%C3%ADde-Foppa-El-coraz%C3%B3n-tiene-el-tama%C3%B1o-de-un-pu%C3%B1o-cerrado.htm|accessdate=22 April 2015|publisher=El Periódico|date=30 November 2014|language=Spanish}} [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]] <nowiki></ref></nowiki> O doro anya na Foppa gara ịzụta okooko osisi ma were paspọtụ ya <ref name="Vargas (2014)">{{Cite news|author=Vargas|first=Vania|title=Alaíde Foppa: El corazón tiene el tamaño de un puño cerrado|url=http://www.elperiodico.com.gt/es/20141130/elacordeon/5580/Ala%C3%ADde-Foppa-El-coraz%C3%B3n-tiene-el-tama%C3%B1o-de-un-pu%C3%B1o-cerrado.htm|accessdate=22 April 2015|publisher=El Periódico|date=30 November 2014|language=Spanish}} [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> na Guatemala City na 19 Disemba 1980. [3] Onye ọkwọ ụgbọala nne ya, Leocadio Axtún, sonyeere ya, onye kpọgara ya na Plaza El Amate, ebe a kwụsịrị ha, ọ nụtụghịkwa ihe ọ bụla ọzọ.<ref name="Vargas (2014)" /> Akụkọ na-ekwu na ndị otu ọnwụ nke onye ụkọchukwu nọ n'ọkwá dị elu tara ya ahụhụ ma gbuo ya n'otu ụbọchị e jidere ya. Na mbido, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ bu akụkọ na ndị otu nzuzo G-2 tọọrọ ya, tie ya ihe, ma manye ya ịbanye n'ụgbọala, nke gbapụrụ ọsọ, mana egwu nke ndị akaebe agaghị abịa.<ref name="Amnesty International (2012)">{{Cite web|title=City of the Disappeared – three decades of searching for Guatemala's missing|url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/articles/news/2012/11/city-disappeared-three-decades-searching-guatemalas-missing/|work=Amnesty International|publisher=Amnesty International|accessdate=23 April 2015|date=19 November 2012}}</ref> Mgbe akụkọ banyere ọpụpụ ahụ ruru ndị enyi na ndị ezinụlọ, ha gbakọrọ aka. Nwa ya nwanyị Laura, onye nwetara onyinye iji mụọ ịgba egwú na New York, jiri njem ahụ gaa leta ma United Nations na ụlọ ọrụ ikike mmadụ nke Organization of American States. Julio, ji ụgbọelu gaa Paris ma site n'enyemaka nke ndị enyi ya nweta ndị na-ege ntị na Nzukọ Ndị Ome Iwu na mgbalị itinye nrụgide mba ụwa na gọọmentị Guatemala.<ref name="Vargas (2014)"/> Ndị enyi dere akwụkwọ ozi ma guzobe kọmitii iji chọọ ka ndị ọchịchị Guatemala mee ihe.<ref name="PEN">{{Cite web|title=1980: Alaíde Foppa de Solorzano|url=http://www.pen-international.org/campaign/past-campaigns/because-writers-speak-their-mind/because-writers-speak-their-minds-50-years-50-cases/1980-alaide-foppa-de-solorzano/|work=PEN International|publisher=PEN International|accessdate=23 April 2015}}</ref> Julio laghachiri Mexico wee zute Jorge Castañeda na Álvarez de la Rosa, odeakwụkwọ nke mba ọzọ na Mexico. Onye isi ala Mexico Jose Lopez Portillo nyere ikike ka ndị ọkà mmụta iwu, ndị nta akụkọ na ụmụ Foppa gaa nyochaa mfu ahụ; Otú ọ dị, tupu otu ahụ apụọ, a natara egwu zoro ezo na-agwa ha na a nabatara ha ka ha bịa mana "ndị Kọmunist mba ụwa, na mbọ ọ na-agba ime ka gọọmentị Guatemala yie ihe ọjọọ, nwere ike imerụ ha ahụ... ịbịa. " Otu ahụ kpebiri na Foppa adịkwaghị ndụ. Na 2 Disemba 1999, ụmụ Foppa rịọrọ ka Audiencia Nacional de España mepee nyocha. Ọ bụ ezie na e meghere ikpe, ndị ọchịchị Guatemala azaghachighị.{{Cite web|title=CERIGUA demands inquiry into journalist's disappearance|url=http://www.ifex.org/guatemala/2010/11/23/donde_esta_alaide_foppa/|work=IFEX network|publisher=International Free Expression Network|accessdate=23 April 2015|date=23 November 2010}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, mgbawa n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii na-amaghị ama na mpụga Guatemala City kpughere ihe ndekọ ndekọ na-alaghachi na okike na 1880 nke ndị uwe ojii mba. Ndị otu ndị na-ahụ maka ikpe malitere inyocha akwụkwọ ndị dị na Guatemala National Police Archives, Julio Solórzano chọkwara ijide n'aka na akwụkwọ ndị ahụ ka dị. Ọ kpọtụrụ Karen Engle na Mahadum Texas' Rapoport Center for Human Rights ma mee ka ha kwenye itinye ihe ndekọ ahụ na digitize. O nwere olile anya na n'ime ihe ndekọ ahụ bụ ozi gbasara ikpe nne ya. N'afọ 2010, ezinụlọ Foppa, Grupo de Apoyo Mutuo (GAM) (Mutual Support Group) na Centro de Reportes Informativos sobre Guatemala (CERIGUA) (Center of Informative Reports on Guatemala) na òtù ndị ọzọ chọrọ ka ndị ọchịchị Guatemala malite nyocha banyere ọpụpụ Foppa. <ref name="IFEX">{{Cite web|title=CERIGUA demands inquiry into journalist's disappearance|url=http://www.ifex.org/guatemala/2010/11/23/donde_esta_alaide_foppa/|work=IFEX network|publisher=International Free Expression Network|accessdate=23 April 2015|date=23 November 2010}}</ref><ref>Dore, A., Asher, A., Bernikow, L., Chevigny, B., & Christ, R. et al. (1981). Missing Person. ''The New York Times Review of Books,'' ''28''(20). Retrieved September 29, 2017, from http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1981/12/17/missing-person/</ref> N'afọ 2012, ụlọ ọrụ Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) tinyere akwụkwọ mkpesa megide enweghị ihe Guatemala mere n'okwu ahụ. <ref name="Sin Embargo (2012)">{{Cite news|title=CIDH conoce denuncia por desaparición forzada de Alaíde Foppa en 1980|url=http://www.sinembargo.mx/27-06-2012/277836|accessdate=23 April 2015|publisher=Sin Embargo|date=27 June 2012|language=Spanish}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, nwa nwanyị Foppa bụ Silvia kwetara na enweghị mkpebi ọ bụla sitere n'ihe ikpe ọ bụla - na Spain, n'ihu Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Guatemala, ma ọ bụ site na ikpe IACHR. Ebe Foppa nọ na ihe mere ya ka a ghara ịza ya. N'afọ 2014, Maricarmen de Lara mere ihe nkiri nke akpọrọ ¡Alaíde Foppa, la sin ventura! (Alaide Foppa, onye na-enweghị ihu ọma) ka a tọhapụrụ.<ref name="López García (2014)">{{Cite news|author=López García|first=Guadalupe|title=Hija de Alaíde Foppa trae a México reclamo de justicia|url=http://rotativo.com.mx/noticias/nacionales/370804-hija-de-alaide-foppa-trae-mexico-reclamo-de-justicia/|accessdate=23 April 2015|publisher=Diario Rotativo|date=22 December 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> [[Usòrò:There_Are_times.png|thumb|450x450px|Foppa, A., & Franco, J. (1981). [Alaide Foppa de Solórzano]. Signs, 7(1), 4-4. Retrieved from {{JSTOR|3173501}}]] == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == * ''Abụ'' (Madrid) (1945) * La Sin Ventura (Guatemala) (1955) * ''Mkpịsị aka m'' (Mexico) (1958) * ''Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ abalị'' (Mexico) (1962) * Guirnalda de primavera (Mexico) (1965) * Ekele nke ahụ m (Mexico) (1970) * ''Okwu na oge'' (Mexico) (1979) {{Clear}} == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị furu efu == Ihe odide == [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hzuk6u7xvg4uob1ni4xnauzaqv866pu 0 53937 654231 195640 2026-06-07T01:37:44Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654231 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Gwen Hardie''' (amụrụ 1962) bụ onye omenkà Scotland. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Gwen Hardie na Fife, Scotland na 1962.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Gwen Hardie|url=https://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/m/artist/alexander-moffat/object/gwen-hardie-gma-3454|publisher=National Galleries of Scotland|accessdate=8 November 2015|archivedate=4 March 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225826/https://www.nationalgalleries.org/collection/artists-a-z/m/artist/alexander-moffat/object/gwen-hardie-gma-3454}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ na nwata ya na Aberdeenshire wee mụọ nka na Edinburgh College of Art. O biri na London na Berlin tupu ọ kwaga Upper West Side nke Manhattan, New York na 2000.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Portrait of an Artist: Gwen Hardie|url=http://face2face.si.edu/my_weblog/2013/01/portrait-of-an-artist-gwen-hardie.html|work=Face to Face|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|accessdate=8 November 2015|date=15 January 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Painting|first=The Essential School Of|title=Gwen Hardie Biography – The Essential School Of Painting|date=July 2020|url=https://theessentialschoolofpainting.com/gwen-hardie-biography/|accessdate=2022-07-25}}</ref> == Onyinye na ihe nrite == Enyere Hardie ebe obibi na Bogliasco Foundation, Italy; na na Yaddo, MacDowell, VCCA na Bogliasco Foundation na America.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|title=Bio|url=http://gwenhardie.com/bio/|publisher=Gwen Hardie|accessdate=8 November 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 1990, ọ ghọrọ onye omenkà nke ọdụdụ nwere ihe ngosi solo na Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh. <ref name="Bio" /> == Ebe ndebe ihe ochie na ebe ngosi ihe nkiri == Ọrụ Hardie dị na nchịkọta gụnyere Metropolitan Museum of Art<ref name="Bio"/> New York, British Council, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Gwen Hardie (1962 – )|url=http://visualarts.britishcouncil.org/collection/artists/gwen-hardie-1962|publisher=The British Council|accessdate=8 November 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006061358/http://visualarts.britishcouncil.org/collection/artists/gwen-hardie-1962|archivedate=6 October 2014}}</ref> Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art, Edinburgh, Gulbenkian Collection, Lisbon, <ref name="Bio" /> Leicestershire County Council, City of Edinburgh Council, Aberdeen Art Gallery, Highland Council, Manchester City Galleries, na Mahadum Edinburgh. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị na-ese ihe na Scotland nke Alexander Moffat sere foto ya n'afọ ndị 1980. <ref name=":0"/> == Ihe ngosi == * Sainsbury Centre, Norwich, 2015<ref name="Bio"/> * Walker Art Gallery, Liverpool, 2015<ref name="Bio" /> * Smoyer Gallery, Roanoke College, USA, 2014<ref name="Bio" /> * Garis & Hahn, New York<ref name="Bio" /> * Royal Hibernian Academy, Dublin<ref name="Bio" /> * Ann Lantanair na Taigh Chearsabhagh, The Hebrides, Scotland, 2013<ref name="Bio" /> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tcbwc7jow90wiirfqtsjweh0zka8mdv 0 54623 654172 364573 2026-06-06T19:50:09Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Anastasia Alekseevna Bitsenko, née Kameristaya (Russian: Анастасия Алексеевна Биценко, née Камeристая; 10 Nọvemba 1875 - 16 June 1938) bụ onye na-eme ihe ike na Russia bụ Communist Narodni. Dị ka onye so n'òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị socialist revolutionary (SR) na-efe efe ọgụ, ọ bịara bụrụ onye a ma ama maka igbu onye bụbu minista agha Russia Viktor Sakharov na 1905. Mgbe e jichiri ya ihe karịrị afọ 11, a tọhapụrụ ya n'oge Mgbanwe Ọchịchị nke February wee sonye na ya. ndị ekpe Socialist-Revolutionaries. Maka ihe ndị ọ rụzuru, ndị otu ahụ họpụtara ya dị ka onye nnọchiteanya ha n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya Soviet maka mkparịta ụka udo nke German-Russian na Agha Ụwa Mbụ, nke rụpụtara na Nkwekọrịta nke Brest-Litovsk. O mesịrị kwado ọchịchị Soviet n'ụzọ dị mma, na-agbasosi echiche ọchịchị Kọmunist. == Ndụ mbụ na njide == A mụrụ Anastasia (Nastya) Kameristaya na 10 Nọvemba 1875 na obere obodo [[Donetsk]]" id="mwGg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Donetsk">Aleksandrovka (nke bụzi akụkụ nke Donetsk) na Bakhmutsky Uyezd nke Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Alaeze Ukwu Russia. A mụrụ ya n'ezinụlọ ndị ọrụ ugbo, ọ ritere uru "site na mgbanwe agụmakwụkwọ nke Tsar Alexander nke Abụọ nweta agụmakwụkwọ zuru ezu iji ruo eruo ịbụ onye nkuzi" n'ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị.[and][2] N'oge ụnwụ nri nke gbasara na Russia na 1899, ọ haziri kichin ọha maka ndị agụụ na-agụ na Kazan.<ref name="GSE">{{Cite book|editor=Schmidt|title=[[Great Soviet Encyclopedia]]|date=1927|location=Moscow|publisher=Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya}}</ref> O mechara gaa ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na Moscow iji ruo eru maka izi ihe na ọkwa sekọndrị. Otú ọ dị, ọzụzụ nkuzi ya mebiri site na itinye aka na mgbanwe, ma eleghị anya site na nzukọ ya Mikhail Stepanovich Bitsenko, nwa akwụkwọ ibe ya na Moscow Agricultural Institute (ọ bụ ezie na ọ tọrọ ya afọ asaa) na onye na-eme mgbanwe (SR), onye ghọrọ di ya. N'afọ 1901, ndị uwe ojii jidere ha maka isonye na ọgba aghara ụmụ akwụkwọ ma chụpụ ha na Moscow gaa n'ógbè Irkutsk dịpụrụ adịpụ. Mgbe ha laghachiri na Europe Russia na 1903, ha "nyere aka na ntọala nke otu SR na Smolensk", mana ha nwere ike kewaa n'ikpeazụ n'afọ ahụ, mgbe Anastasiya hapụrụ Smolensk gaa St. Petersburg, ebe "Mikhail nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ na Smolenski SRs. " Ha agaghị agbakọta ọzọ, mana, ọ bụ ezie na o yiri ka ọ kpọtụbeghị ma ọ bụ kpọtụrụ di mbụ ya aha ọzọ, ọ nọgidere na aha nna ya n'oge ndụ ya niile.[4] Na St. Petersburg Nastya ghọrọ onye na-eme ihe ike oge niile nke otu SR ma tinye aka n'òtù ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi ọha egwu na-achọ igbu Minista nke Interior, Vyacheslav von Plehve . [2] N'ịbụ onye onye mgbaàmà raara nye, e jidere ya na ngwụcha Jenụwarị 1904 ma debe ya n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ruo n'etiti Machị ruo 1905 mgbe a chụgara ya na Vologda dị nso na Arctic Circle. Mgbe naanị otu ọnwa nke ibi, ọ gbagara mba ọzọ, gaa Geneva, mana n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ọ laghachiri, n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị, na Moscow, dị ka onye otu kọmitii Moscow nke otu SR, nke na-ahụ maka ịhazi ndị ọrụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè.<ref name="GSE" /> N'ọnwa Nọvemba sochirinụ, ọ sonyeere ndị agha SR na-efe efe. (A chụpụrụ nzukọ SR Combat Organization ruo nwa oge na kọmitii PSR kpebiri ịkwụsị iyi egwu mgbe mbipụta nke October Manifesto gasịrị. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị otu na otu agaghị agbaso mkpebi nke pati ahụ). Bitsenko wepụtara onwe ya iduzi atụmatụ ndị na-eyi ọha egwu megide "onye na-egbu anụ nke Saratov", dịka ndị na-eme mgbanwe ga-akpọ onye bụbu Minista nke Agha, Viktor Sakharov, onye e zigara na mpaghara Saratov iji gbochie nnukwu ọgba aghara ndị ọrụ ugbo. N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Nọvemba, Bitsenko jisiri ike banye n'obí gọvanọ Piotr Stolypin na Saratov ma mee ka a nabata ya n'ihu General Sakharov: n'ebe ahụ, ọ tọgbọrọ n'elu tebụl Sakharov ikpe ọnwụ nke kọmitii SR nke mpaghara nyere ya wee gbaa ya égbè ozugbo.[6] E jidere ya, kpụpụ ya n'ụlọ ikpe, ma maa ya ikpe na mbụ ka a kwụgbuo ya; mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, a gbanwere ntaramahụhụ ya ka ọ bụrụ ọrụ ntaramahụwarị maka ndụ ya niile a ga-eje ozi na Nerchinsk katorga na Transbaikal (n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ọdọ Mmiri Baikal, nso ókèala [[China]]). E zigara ya Siberia na ụmụ nwanyị ise ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-eyi ọha egwu, gụnyere Maria Spiridonova. A na-akpọ ìgwè ahụ ''Shesterka'' ("Six") mgbe ụfọdụ ma nweta nnukwu ewu ewu. Njem ha ji ụgbọ okporo ígwè na-aga nwayọọ nwayọọ were ihe dị ka otu ọnwa wee ghọọ ụdị "ọganihu mmeri": ìgwè ndị na-akwado ụgbọ okporo ígwè ahụ zutere na nkwụsị ọ bụla na ndị na-eme mgbanwe (na Spiridonova n'ihu) ga-ekele ma soro ha kwurịta okwu ruo ogologo oge o kwere mee, na-akọwa usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị SR. [7][8] Bitsenko nọrọ afọ iri na otu sochirinụ n'ụlọ mkpọrọ Akatuy na Maltsev na Nerchinsk katorga. == Soviet Russia == [[Usòrò:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R92623,_Brest-Litowsk,_Waffenstillstandsabkommen.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta agha n'etiti Russia na Germany. Bitsenko nọ n'aka nri.]] [[Usòrò:SovietDelegatesAtBrestLitovsk.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ndị nnọchi anya Soviet na Brest-Litovsk. Nọdụ ala, site n'aka ekpe: Lev Kamenev, Adolph Joffe, '''Anastasia Bitsenko'''. Ndị guzo: Vladimir Lipskiy, Pēteris Stučka, Leon Trotsky, Lev Karakhan.]] N'ihi February Revolution na 1917 a tọhapụrụ ya ma laghachi n'ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ime Socialist Revolutionary Party na mbụ na Chita, na Moscow, ebe a họpụtara ya ọzọ na kọmitii mpaghara. O sonyere n'oge [[Mgbanwe Ọktoba|Nnupụisi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ọktoba]] dị ka onye otu Kọmitii Mgbanwe Ọchịchị nke Petrograd wee sonye na ndị Socialist-Revolutionaries Left na-arịgo site na ọkwa nke pati ọhụrụ ahụ. [9] Ọ bụ onye otu Central Committee of the Left SRs, nke praesidium nke Moscow Soviet, na Central Executive Committee nke soviets.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Большая советская энцйклопедия Volume 6}}</ref> Dị ka ụgwọ ọrụ maka mbọ ọ gbara na pati ahụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ndị nnọchi anya Soviet maka mkparịta ụka udo German-Soviet maka Agha Ụwa Mbụ na Brest-Litovsk.[11] Bitsenko bụ naanị nwanyị nọ n'oge mkparịta ụka ahụ; nhọpụta ya bụ usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Ndị Bolshevik iji nye ndị na-asọmpi Left Socialist-Revolutionaries nnọchiteanya. Mkparịta ụka ahụ mechiri site na ịbịanye aka na Nkwekọrịta nke Brest-Litovsk, nkwekọrịta udo a ma ama nke kwụsịrị ọgụ na Eastern Front. [12][13] Bitsenko laghachiri na Rọshịa wee gaa n'ihu na mmemme pati ya. N'ịbụ onye na-emegide mgbawa nke ya na ndị Bolshevik, na Septemba 1918, ọ bụ onye guzobere Party nke Kọmunist Revolutionary gbawara agbawa. N'ọnwa Nọvemba, ọ sonyeere n'òtù ndị Kọmunist nke Rọshịa (Bolsheviks) e kpọgharịrị aha ọhụrụ, mechaa jide ọkwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na kọmitii dị iche iche na Soviet Union. Mgbe Lenin nwụsịrị, onye ọchịchị ọhụrụ kasị elu nke Soviet bụ́ Joseph Stalin gbatịpụrụ mkpochapụ zuru ebe nile ruo n'ọkwa nke Communist Party, ọ ghọkwara otu n'ime ọtụtụ ndị e lekwasịrị anya. Eboro ya ebubo na ọ bụ onye òtù ndị na-eyi ọha egwu, e kpere ya ikpe ma maa ya ikpe ọnwụ. Na 16 June 1938 a gbagburu ma lie ya n'ala agbapụ Kommunarka. Ndị ọchịchị Soviet tọhapụrụ ya mgbe ọ nwụsịrị na 1961. == Ihe edeturu == <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> == Ihe odide == 2c3pynwbkh4ysi0tjnzctz1l16b04u6 0 54683 654230 623481 2026-06-07T01:37:28Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654230 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Phyllis Quek''' (amụrụ 23 Ọgọst 1972)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.8days.sg/entertainment/local/phyllis-quek-celebrates-50th-birthday-doesnt-look-her-age-all-678071|title=Phyllis Quek Celebrates 50th Birthday, Doesn't Look Her Age At All|work=8 Days}}</ref> bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-agụ egwú Malaysian, mara maka ọrụ ndu ya na fim ''2000AD'' na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ Aaron Kwok, yana 'Bai Mudan' na usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn ama ama ''Legend of the Eight Immortals'' . Quek bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Mediacorp oge niile site na 1995 ruo 2001, ndị mgbasa ozi mpaghara wee họpụta ya dị ka 'Fourth Ah Jie' maka ịbụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri anọ kachasị ama na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ asụsụ Chinese nke Singapore n'oge ahụ ka Zoe Tay, Fann Wong na Ann Kok . Ọ hapụrụ Mediacorp ka nkwekọrịta ya gwụchara mana ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ese ihe na mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi na Hype Records na-elekọta ya ugbu a. == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Quek na Malaysia site na ezinụlọ nwere naanị nne ma ọ bụ nna, nne nne ya zụlitere ya. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=Phyllis Quek Moved From One Relative’s House To Another When She Was A Kid, Says She Lacked A "Sense Of Security"|url=https://www.8days.sg/entertainment/local/phyllis-quek-move-relative-house-kid-no-security-709351|accessdate=2023-10-04|work=8days|language=en}}</ref> Ọ kwagara Singapore mgbe ọ dị afọ asaa ịga mụọ ihe. <ref name=":3" /> Mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ, Quek na-anọ n'ụlọ ndị ikwu nne ya, na-atụgharị n'etiti ndị ikwu kwa ọnwa ole na ole. <ref name=":3" /> == Ọrụ == === Bilie ka a ma ama === Na 1995, Quek sonye na Mediacorp's Star Search wee merie ebe nke atọ na ihe ngosi nka. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Phyllis Quek, 48, Is As Gorgeous As Ever|url=https://www.todayonline.com/8days/sceneandheard/celebrities/phyllis-quek-48-gorgeous-ever|accessdate=2023-10-04|work=TODAY|language=en}}</ref> Emechara nkedo ya na ''Beyond Dawn'' (女子监狱) nke e nyere ya ihe nrite onye bịara ọhụrụ kacha mma na MediaCorp 's Star Awards na 1996. Na-esochi mmeri ya nke 'Kachasị Mma Ọhụrụ', Quek pụtara dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ama ama na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ asụsụ Chinese nke Singapore. Karịsịa, Quek gbara egwu dị ka ''Bai Mudan'' n'usoro ihe onyonyo a ma ama Legend of the Eight Immortals . <ref name=":2" /> N'ịkwado ewu ewu ya, ndị mgbasa ozi mpaghara nyere ya okpueze dị ka nke ''anọ Ah Jie'', mgbe Zoe Tay, Fann Wong na Ann Kok <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://goodyfeed.com/remember-ah-jie-phyllis-quek-heres-what-shes-up-to-now/|title=Remember Ah Jie 郭妃丽 (Phyllis Quek)? Here’s what she’s up to now|author=|first=|date=22 September 2016|work=[[Goody Feed]]|publisher=|accessdate=22 September 2016|quote=}}</ref> gasịrị. Na 2000, Quek soro ndị omere Hong Kong Aaron Kwok na Daniel Wu mere ihe nkiri na ihe nkiri ahụ, 2000 AD.[1] Site na ihe nkiri a na-eme ihe nkiri, ọ nwetara mkpughe na ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Eshia wee gosipụta ya n'akwụkwọ ahụ, Singapọ Cinema nke Raphaël Millet dere.[2] Na-eso ihe nkiri a, ọ rụrụ dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-akwado ihe nkiri Raintree Pictures, The Tree. Ndekọ nke egwu isiokwu nke ihe nkiri mbụ ya, nne na nna nke ọzọ (妈妈先生) na Egwuregwu Mind (危险人物) bụ akara mmalite nke ọrụ ya dị ka onye ọbụ abụ. O weputara album izizi ya, Phyllis, n'okpuru Hype Records nke nwere egwu egwu na egwu egwu sitere na ụda nke The Tree na Beyond The Axis of Truth (法医X档案). Onye ọbịa Phyllis gbara egwu na usoro ihe nkiri mpụ nke Channel 5 Heartlanders 2 ebe ọ gbara onye na-eme ihe nkiri. Egwu ya, 不知不觉, gosipụtara n'usoro ihe nkiri ahụ, wee bụrụ egwu redio yana otu ya ọzọ, Freedom. Agbanyeghị, ọba ahụ emeghị akara mmalite nke ọrụ egwu ogologo oge maka Phyllis na ọ ga-abụ album mbụ ya na naanị ya. Nkwekọrịta Quek na Mediacorp kubiri na 2001 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Phyllis Quek, 50, Doesn’t Think She Is A "Hardcore Tai Tai", But Feels Blessed To Be Able To Do Whatever She Likes|url=https://www.8days.sg/entertainment/local/phyllis-quek-not-hardcore-tai-tai-727836|accessdate=2023-10-04|work=8days|language=en}}</ref> wee bịanye aka na Hype Records Artiste Networks. === Venture esenidụt === Mgbe o sonyechara Hype Records, Quek setịpụrụ echiche ya na ịgbasa ọrụ ya na mpaghara. O mere mpụta mbụ ya na Taiwan na-akọ akụkọ ihe nkiri arụsị ''My Fair Lady'' (丑女大翻身), nke o yinyere prosthetics iji kpọọ nwanyị karịrị akarị. N'ime 2000s, Quek gbara egwu n'ọtụtụ mmepụta mpaghara sitere na Taiwan na China China, gụnyere ịkọwa ọrụ ''Yin Susu'' na Mma agha Eluigwe na Dragọn Saber (2003 TV series) na-akwado Alec Su na Alyssa Chia . Na 2009, Quek nwetara nkwanye ùgwù maka arụmọrụ ya na ''Perfect Cut II'' . Emere ya n'akụkụ Christopher Lee dị ka onye isi nwanyị na ihe nkiri ''Kidnapper'' (2010). N'ime oge a, Quek meriri asaa Star Awards maka Top 10 Kasị ewu ewu Female Artistes . === Laghachi na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ === Mgbe ọ lụsịrị onye ọchụnta ego Australia David Cox na Disemba 2012, Quek weghaara hiatus site na showbiz. Mgbe afọ asaa na-anọghị na-eme ihe nkiri, Quek mere ka ọ laghachi azụ na 2017 drama Legal Eagles, na-egosi ọrụ nke onye ọchụnta ego n'etiti etiti na-adịghị mma, Fang Hai Lun. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.8days.sg/entertainment/asian/phyllis-quek-returns-tv-sultry-role-483846|title=Phyllis Quek returns to TV in a sultry role|author=|first=|date=22 February 2017|work=[[8 Days (magazine)|8 Days]]|publisher=|accessdate=22 February 2017|quote=}}</ref> Kemgbe ahụ, Quek na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ụfọdụ na Singapore, na-egosi na ọrụ nkwado na ihe nkiri dị ka Soul Detective <ref>{{Cite web|author=Khoo|first=Yi-Hang|date=15 November 2022|title='I trusted him': Phyllis Quek cast by Zheng Geping as rich housewife but unexpectedly needed to perform action scenes|url=https://www.asiaone.com/entertainment/trusted-him-phyllis-quek-cast-zheng-geping-rich-housewife-unexpectedly-action-scenes-soul-detective|accessdate=29 December 2022|work=[[AsiaOne]]|publisher=|quote=}}</ref> na My One and Only . === Nkwado === Nkwekọrịta nkwado mbụ Quek bụ maka agba ntutu Bigen Prominous nke [[Japan]] na 2001. Na Disemba 2003, a mara ọkwa ya dị ka ọnụ na-ekwuchitere Marie France Bodyline. == Ndụ onwe onye == Quek lụrụ onye ọchụnta ego Australia David Cox na Disemba 2012. <ref name=":1" /> {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! Ọrụ ahọpụtara ! Nsonaazụ ! class="unsortable" | Ref |- | 1996 | Star Awards 1996 | Kachasị mma ọhụrụ || {{N/A}} || {{Won}} | |- | 1997 | Star Awards 1997 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Won|Top 10}} | |- | 1998 | Star Awards 1998 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Won|Top 10}} | |- | 1999 | Star Awards 1999 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Nom|Top 20}} | |- | 2000 | Star Awards 2000 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Won|Top 10}} | |- | 2001 | Star Awards 2001 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Won|Top 10}} | |- | 2002 | Star Awards 2002 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Won|Top 10}} | |- | 2003 | Star Awards 2003 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Won|Top 10}} | |- | 2004 | Star Awards 2004 | Top 10 kacha ewu ewu ụmụ nwanyị Artist || {{N/A}} || {{Won|Top 10}} | |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Articles with hCards]] [[Òtù:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Òtù:Articles with short description]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h0nom01g8t6eyaivib8l0580gfvapjd 0 54883 654237 580803 2026-06-07T05:58:59Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654237 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''''Marilyn Gayle Hoff (amụrụ 1942), makwaara dị ka Marilyn Gayle, bụ onye odee America, onye na-ede abụ, onye nkuzi na onye ndọrọndọrọ. Edemede ya gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ Dink's Blues, Rose, na Free Ride, yana akwụkwọ edekọkwara ya bụ Bring Out Your Own Book: Low Cost Self-Publishing'''''' == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Hoff na 1942 na Iowa Falls, Iowa . <ref name="Gale 2012" /> Ọ gụsịrị B.A. ya na Macalester College na 1964, na M.A. na Mahadum Syracuse na 1968. <ref name="Gale 2012" /><ref name="fems" /> === Ọrụ === Hoff bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Dink's Blues, na 1966, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke abụọ Rose na 1968, ha na Harcourt, Brace & World. N'afọ 1967, 1968, na 1969, Hoff nwetara onyinye ikike obibi nke Yaddo.[1] Na 1967, 1969, na 1970–1971, o nwere onyinye iji sonye na mmemme obibi onye nka na Helene Wurlitzer Foundation.[1][2] Site na 1972 ruo 1978, o dere ma mee egwu na isiokwu nwanyị na nwanyị nwere mmasị nwanyị.<ref name="fems" /> Hoff kụziri klaasị na ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na Portland State University site na 1973 ruo 1974.[1] O mechara kụzie ihe maka Mahadum New Mexico na ngalaba ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị.[2][3] Egoro ya dị ka onye nkuzi nwa oge nwa oge na 1982. <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|title=University of New Mexico Board of Regents Minutes for November 15, 1982|url=https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1966&context=bor_minutes|work=UNM Digital Repository|accessdate=November 16, 2022}}</ref> Hoff jikọtara aka guzobe ụlọ ọrụ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ Godiva Publishing ma mepụta ụfọdụ akwụkwọ nke ya, gụnyere akwụkwọ ya na ya dere What Lesbians Do na 1975 na nchịkọta nke egwu ya akpọrọ Dyke Music na 1977 nke o gosikwara.<ref name="Gale 2012" /><ref name="fems">{{Àtụ:Cite book|editor=Love|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kpNarH7t9CkC&dq=%22Marilyn+Gayle+Hoff%22+-wikipedia&pg=PA217|chapter=Hoff, Marilyn Gayle|title=Feminists Who Changed America, 1963–1975|date=2006|publisher=University of Illinois Press|location=Chicago, IL|isbn=9780252031892}}</ref> Godiva Publishing bụ mgbalị ya na onye edemede Barbara McFadyen.<ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|author=Ed. Kay Cassell|title=Women in Libraries|url=https://www.ala.org/rt/sites/ala.org.rt/files/content/SRRT/FTF/WiL/v10n2%20nov1980.pdf|publisher=ALA/SRRT Feminist Task Force|accessdate=November 16, 2022|date=November 1980}}</ref> Ka ha na-akwalite akwụkwọ ha nke afọ 1980, Bring Out Your Own Book: Low Cost Self-Publishing, Hoff duziri ọmụmụ ihe na-ebipụta onwe ya na ngalaba ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị na ebe ndị inyom na mba ahụ dum. <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|author=Allen|first=Donna|title=Editor's Comment on this issue of "Media Report to Women"|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28040619|accessdate=November 18, 2022|work=[[Media Report to Women]]|publisher=[[Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press]]|date=December 1, 1981|page=2}}</ref><ref>{{Àtụ:Cite journal|author=|first=|date=November 1980|title=Notices|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/community.28044892|journal=Sojourner|volume=6|issue=3}}</ref> N'afọ 1991, Hoff bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ Free Ride na Firebrand Books. Hoff bi ugbu a na Taos, New Mexico, dị ka onye edemede nweere onwe ya. Ọ na-enyekarị aka na akwụkwọ mpaghara na nka ya n'akwụkwọ ozi nye onye nchịkọta akụkọ na nchịkọta akụkọ.<ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|author=Hoff|first=Marilyn Gayle|title=Ask officials to withdraw from LANL coalition|publisher=The Taos News|date=May 10, 2012}}</ref> === Mgbalị === Hoff anọwo na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ihe gbasara ọha na eze, gụnyere ikike obodo, agha mgbochi Vietnam, gburugburu ebe obibi, udo, na mgbochi nuklia.[1] Akụkụ bụ isi nke ọrụ onye na-akwado ya gbara ike nuklia na uranium mebie (DU).[2] Ọ bụbu onye mmegide kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ nke Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) na Los Alamos, New Mexico, [3] [4] na Regional Coalition of LANL Communities. Hoff tinyere aka na ụlọ omebe iwu steeti yana ụgwọ ụlọ metụtara DU. <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|author=Clark|first=Virginia L.|date=March 22, 2007|title=VETS ATTACK DEPLETED URANIUM AT TAOS FORUM|work=The Taos News|publisher=|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113344218/}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, ya na Jeanne Green mepụtara isi akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke [[Amy Goodman]], Rosa Parks, [[Winona LaDuke]], na Sadako Sasaki maka ngagharị iwe na Denver, Colorado, n'oge Democratic National Convention . <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|author=Bornstein|first=Lisa|title=Political puppets present gentler face|publisher=Rocky Mountain News|date=August 27, 2008}}</ref> Ọ na-eduzi mmemme maka Cultural Energy gụnyere "LANL Resolution Forum" na Jenụwarị 2018 na "Fracking Jemez" na Ọktoba 2016. <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite web|title=Listen Links|url=http://culturalenergy.org/listenlinks.htm|work=Cultural Energy: Creating media voices for youth, arts & activism in Northern New Mexico and Southern Colorado|publisher=Cultural Energy|accessdate=November 16, 2022}}</ref> Ndị Love-in-Action Taos sọpụrụ Hoff na njem ha nke anọ n'ọnwa Julaị, nke a na-akpọ "Unsung heroes procession: activists, whistleblowers and muckrackers".<ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|author=Clark|first=Virginia L|date=June 30, 2016|title=O say can you see|pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113310107/o-say-can-you-see/],[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113310131/],[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113310145/]|work=The Taos News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113310107/o-say-can-you-see/|accessdate=November 19, 2022}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị e bipụtara == * Dink's Blues (1966), Harcourt, Brace &amp;amp; World * ''Rose'' (1968), Harcourt, Brace &amp;amp; World * What Lesbians Do (1975), dị ka Marilyn Gayle, nke ya na Barbary Katherine dere, Godiva Publishing <ref name="Gale 2012">{{Àtụ:Cite news|title=Marilyn Hoff|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/H1000046208/BIC|accessdate=November 18, 2022|work=Gale Literature: Contemporary Authors|date=June 14, 2012}}</ref> * Dyke Music (1977), Godiva Publishing * Wepụta akwụkwọ nke gị: obere ọnụahịa onwe-ebipụta (1980), nke Barbara McFadyen dere, Godiva Publishing <ref>{{Àtụ:Cite news|author=Greenwood|first=Phaedra|date=August 5, 1999|title=Fulfilling a dream|pages=[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113346594/fulfilling-a-dream/],[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113346679/]|work=The Taos News|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/113346594/fulfilling-a-dream/|accessdate=November 20, 2022}}</ref> * Free Ride (1991), dị ka Marilyn Gayle, Firebrand Books,   == Edensibia == {{Àtụ:Reflist}} [[Otú:Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 5dz5ek87qifjhtmcl55o119vnype1q8 0 55342 654162 624030 2026-06-06T19:46:30Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 Created by translating the section "Beverages" from the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1331641461|Togolese cuisine]]" 654162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Faịlụ:Lunch_vendor.jpg|thumb| Nri okporo ámá na Lomé .]] '''Nri Togo''' bụ [[Cuisine|nri]] nke [[Togo|Togolese Republic]], obodo dị na Western Africa . Ihe oriri ndị dị na nri Togo gụnyere ọka, [[Osikàpà|osikapa]], millet, akpu, [[Jí|ji]], [[Ịsi unere|plantain]] na [[Mkpụrụ|agwa]] . <ref name="Evans"/><ref name="recipes"/> Maize bụ nri a na-ejikarị na Togo Republic. Azụ bụ isi iyi protein dị mkpa. Ndị mmadụ na Togo na-eri nri n'ụlọ, ma e nwekwara ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ nri . <ref name="Oxfam"/> == Nri na efere == [[Faịlụ:Fufu-palmnutsoup.jpg|thumb|250x250px| ''[[Ụtara|Fufu]]'' (aka ekpe) na ofe nkwụ (nri).]] [[Faịlụ:Ablo.jpg|thumb| ''Ablo'', nri sitere na ọka]] Ụdị Togo na-abụkarị ngwakọta nke mmetụta ndị Africa, French na German . <ref name="recipes"/><ref name="Madison"/> Nri ahụ nwere ọtụtụ sauces na ụdị ''pâté'' dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-esi na eggplant, tomato, spinach, na azụ. Nri a na-ejikọta nri ndị a na ụdị anụ na akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche iji mepụta efere na-atọ ụtọ. Ihe oriri ndị dị n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ na-ere ihe oriri ndị dị ka ntụ ọka, omelet, brochettes, ọka-na-cob, na ahịhịa esiri esi . Nri na efere ndị ọzọ gụnyere: * ''Agoti'', mara dị ka "ndị na-egbu ahịhịa". * ''[[Akpan (nri)|Akpan]]'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/hebdo/20170317-benin-akpan-yaourt-vegetal-artisanal-potentiel-productrice-after|title=L'akpan le yaourt végétal béninois qui a du potentiel|work=archive.wikiwix.com|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20200729124321/http://www.rfi.fr/hebdo/20170317-benin-akpan-yaourt-vegetal-artisanal-potentiel-productrice-after|archivedate=2020-07-29|accessdate=2020-04-10}}</ref> eji megharịa ọnụ ọka fermented. * Achịcha Baguette * A na-ejikarị ose chili eme ihe dị ka ose * ''[[Ụtara|Fufu]]'' bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, nke a na-esi na ya kpụchara na sie ya bụ nke a na-apịazi ya na pestle ruo mgbe ọ ruru ntụ ọka ntụ ọka. A na-esokarị ''Fufu'' na sauces. * Anụ ewu . * ''Koklo meme'', ọkụkọ esiri esi na ihendori chili. * ''Kokonte'', ''pâté'' e ji akpu mee * ''Pâté'', achicha ọka ọka a na-ejikarị rie. * Ahụekere * ''Riz sauce d'arachide'', efere osikapa e ji ihe nri groundnut mee. * ''Akume'', nke a kwadebere site na ọka ala a na-eji akụkụ, na-abụkarị ofe okra. == Ihe ọṅụṅụ == * Mmanya uhie * biya ụdị American * Mmanya ọcha == Beverages == * Mmanya uhie * Ụdị biya [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà]] * Mmanya ọcha == Hụkwa == * Nri Benin * nri Burkinabé * Nri Ghana * [[Ndepụta nri ndị Afrịka|Ndepụta nri ndị Africa]]  == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="Evans">Evans, Dyfed Lloyd [https://books.google.com/books?id=FJxlWwrVcKcC&pg=PA138 ''The Recipes of Africa'']. Dyfed Lloyd Evans. p. 138.</ref> <ref name="Oxfam">{{cite web | url=http://www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/ontheline/explore/journey/togo/food.htm | title=Togolese cuisine | publisher=Oxfam | access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> <ref name="Madison">[http://host.madison.com/entertainment/dining/article_210375b5-e18a-56d2-88bd-8d9d2f003a0e.html "Sharing the Secrets of Togo's Cuisine."] [http://host.madison.com Madison.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> <ref name="recipes">[http://www.healthy-life.narod.ru/wor_ek211.htm "Togo (Togolese Recipes)."] [http://www.healthy-life.narod.ru Healthy-life.narod.ru]. Accessed July 2011.</ref>}} hfzzb9w0yoa0w9wgada4kht7qsezhyo 654163 654162 2026-06-06T19:46:56Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654163 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Faịlụ:Lunch_vendor.jpg|thumb| Nri okporo ámá na Lomé .]] '''Nri Togo''' bụ [[Cuisine|nri]] nke [[Togo|Togolese Republic]], obodo dị na Western Africa . Ihe oriri ndị dị na nri Togo gụnyere ọka, [[Osikàpà|osikapa]], millet, akpu, [[Jí|ji]], [[Ịsi unere|plantain]] na [[Mkpụrụ|agwa]].<ref name="Evans"/><ref name="recipes"/> Maize bụ nri a na-ejikarị na Togo Republic. Azụ bụ isi iyi protein dị mkpa. Ndị mmadụ na Togo na-eri nri n'ụlọ, ma e nwekwara ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ nri . <ref name="Oxfam"/> == Nri na efere == [[Faịlụ:Fufu-palmnutsoup.jpg|thumb|250x250px| ''[[Ụtara|Fufu]]'' (aka ekpe) na ofe nkwụ (nri).]] [[Faịlụ:Ablo.jpg|thumb| ''Ablo'', nri sitere na ọka]] Ụdị Togo na-abụkarị ngwakọta nke mmetụta ndị Africa, French na German . <ref name="recipes"/><ref name="Madison"/> Nri ahụ nwere ọtụtụ sauces na ụdị ''pâté'' dị iche iche, ọtụtụ n'ime ha na-esi na eggplant, tomato, spinach, na azụ. Nri a na-ejikọta nri ndị a na ụdị anụ na akwụkwọ nri dị iche iche iji mepụta efere na-atọ ụtọ. Ihe oriri ndị dị n'akụkụ okporo ụzọ na-ere ihe oriri ndị dị ka ntụ ọka, omelet, brochettes, ọka-na-cob, na ahịhịa esiri esi . Nri na efere ndị ọzọ gụnyere: * ''Agoti'', mara dị ka "ndị na-egbu ahịhịa". * ''[[Akpan (nri)|Akpan]]'', <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rfi.fr/hebdo/20170317-benin-akpan-yaourt-vegetal-artisanal-potentiel-productrice-after|title=L'akpan le yaourt végétal béninois qui a du potentiel|work=archive.wikiwix.com|archiveurl=http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20200729124321/http://www.rfi.fr/hebdo/20170317-benin-akpan-yaourt-vegetal-artisanal-potentiel-productrice-after|archivedate=2020-07-29|accessdate=2020-04-10}}</ref> eji megharịa ọnụ ọka fermented. * Achịcha Baguette * A na-ejikarị ose chili eme ihe dị ka ose * ''[[Ụtara|Fufu]]'' bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị, nke a na-esi na ya kpụchara na sie ya bụ nke a na-apịazi ya na pestle ruo mgbe ọ ruru ntụ ọka ntụ ọka. A na-esokarị ''Fufu'' na sauces. * Anụ ewu . * ''Koklo meme'', ọkụkọ esiri esi na ihendori chili. * ''Kokonte'', ''pâté'' e ji akpu mee * ''Pâté'', achicha ọka ọka a na-ejikarị rie. * Ahụekere * ''Riz sauce d'arachide'', efere osikapa e ji ihe nri groundnut mee. * ''Akume'', nke a kwadebere site na ọka ala a na-eji akụkụ, na-abụkarị ofe okra. == Ihe ọṅụṅụ == * Mmanya uhie * biya ụdị American * Mmanya ọcha == Beverages == * Mmanya uhie * Ụdị biya [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà]] * Mmanya ọcha == Hụkwa == * Nri Benin * nri Burkinabé * Nri Ghana * [[Ndepụta nri ndị Afrịka|Ndepụta nri ndị Africa]]  == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name="Evans">Evans, Dyfed Lloyd [https://books.google.com/books?id=FJxlWwrVcKcC&pg=PA138 ''The Recipes of Africa'']. Dyfed Lloyd Evans. p. 138.</ref> <ref name="Oxfam">{{cite web | url=http://www.oxfam.org.uk/coolplanet/ontheline/explore/journey/togo/food.htm | title=Togolese cuisine | publisher=Oxfam | access-date=2013-05-16}}</ref> <ref name="Madison">[http://host.madison.com/entertainment/dining/article_210375b5-e18a-56d2-88bd-8d9d2f003a0e.html "Sharing the Secrets of Togo's Cuisine."] [http://host.madison.com Madison.com]. Accessed July 2011.</ref> <ref name="recipes">[http://www.healthy-life.narod.ru/wor_ek211.htm "Togo (Togolese Recipes)."] [http://www.healthy-life.narod.ru Healthy-life.narod.ru]. Accessed July 2011.</ref>}} mmrok0v9nnk32rr4chqhiz867bxy661 0 55487 654186 196505 2026-06-06T20:19:44Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654186 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}}  '''Balila''' bụ efere Levantine nke nwere chickpeas nke esitere ya na ihe ọṅụṅụ lemon, galik, na ngwa nri dị iche iche.<ref name="Reem">{{Cite news|author=Azoury|first=Reem|title=Chunky Balila With Citrus Explosion|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/recipes/chunky-balila-with-citrus-explosion/8845/?noredirect=on|accessdate=1 October 2018|work=Washington Post|date=10 January 2007|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hummus balila – Tasty Mediterraneo|url=https://www.tastymediterraneo.com/es/hummus-balila/|accessdate=2022-10-11|work=www.tastymediterraneo.com}}</ref> A na-eje ya dị ka nri mezze na-ekpo ọkụ. <ref name="Reem" /> A na-ejikwa aha ahụ maka nri ndị Ijipt dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ osisi ọka wit, mmiri ara ehi, mkpụrụ osisi na mịrị amị . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} bnavvz5e85h9qd23qdov56fs2g3sxc1 0 56989 654212 580477 2026-06-07T01:29:25Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ref 654212 wikitext text/x-wiki   Corinne Chevallier (amụrụ 25 June 1935) bụ onye ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Algeria na onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ sitere na agbụrụ noir.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.elwatan.com/archives/article.php?id=68197|title=Algérienne, profondément algérienne...|date=2007-05-17|work=[[El Watan]]|author=Hamid Tahri|author-link=Hamid Tahri}}</ref> Nna ya, Jacques Chevallier, bụ onye isi obodo Algiers. == Ndụ == Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị pieds noirs ole na ole nwetara akwụkwọ amaala Algeria wee nọrọ na steeti ọhụrụ ahụ.. == Ọrụ == Ọrụ ya gụnyere akwụkwọ akụkọ La Petite Fille du Tassili (Algiers: Éditions Casbah, 2001) na La Nuit du corsaire (Algièrs: Édition Casbah, 2005). == Edemsibia == {{Reflist|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chevallier, Corinne}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] fhotpujtsm3yw6mm0uv826j6hhujfo1 0 58158 654236 203445 2026-06-07T05:58:29Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654236 wikitext text/x-wiki  '''Chothe''' ( ''Chawte, Kyao'' ) bụ asụsụ Sino-Tibet nke obere Kuki-Chin nke ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ India. Ọ nwere ike ịghọta ya na Aiol . Ndị na-asụ asụsụ a na-eji asụsụ Meitei dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ ha (L2) dịka Ethnologue si kwuo. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/|accessdate=2023-05-03|work=[[Ethnologue]]|language=en}}</ref> == Nkesa ala == A na-asụ Chothe na ebe ndị a ( ''Ethnologue'' ). A na-akọ na a na-asụ Chothe "dị ọcha" na Purum Khullen ( ''Ethnologue'' ). * Ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Manipur ** Mpaghara Chandel (na obodo iri na ise) ** Mpaghara Bishnupur (na obodo Lamlang Hupi) * Nagaland (nke dịdebere ókè ala Mianmaa) == Ntụaka == kacha asụ na Tamenglong district na Noney{{Reflist}} kd3qgv6v6tql203niylg9ia42jbnrkd 0 58334 654246 393142 2026-06-07T06:02:48Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Moraa Gitaa bụ onye odeakụkọ Kenya, amụrụ na Mombasa. Ọ bụkwa onye nyocha Udo na Mkpebi Ọgbaghara, onye na-akwado omenala na onye na-ahụ maka nka. Ọ bụ onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ YA ka anyị kwuo banyere nke a, The Kigango Oracle, Hila na The Shark Attack. == Ọrụ == Akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo nke okenye zuru oke nke Gitaa, Crucible for Silver and Furnace for Gold, gbadoro ụkwụ na agwa abụọ: Lavina, nwanyị Africa Kenya nke bu nje HIV, na Giorgio, nwoke Italy nke Lavina zutere na ezumike na Malindi nke dị n'ụsọ osimiri Kenya.[1] Akwụkwọ akụkọ Gitaa sophomore bụ Shifting Sands.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gitaa|first=Moraa|title=Shifting Sands|year=2012|publisher=Nsemia Inc.|isbn=978-1-926906-04-1}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta akatọwo Crucible for Silver na Furnace for Gold dị ka ịgụgharị na idegharị okike n'Nje HIV.<ref>{{Cite news|title=A Critique of Friendship across Race and Tribe in two Kenyan Novels|url=http://literature.uonbi.ac.ke/node/785|accessdate=14 August 2013}}</ref> Ọrụ ya na Shifting Sands nwetara nyocha dị mma na ''Nairobi Star'' site n'aka Khainga O' Okwemba, onye kwuru, sị: "Nke a bụ onye edemede nwere ndidi, nnọgidesi ike na ịdọ aka ná ntị dị mkpa iji mepụta ihe odide doro anya. Nke a bụ onye Kenya nke oge a nwere ike iji akụkọ edere nke ọma ma na-egbuke egbuke mee ka onye na-agụ ya.... Shifting sands bụ ihe a ga-agụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ edemede. Akụkọ Gitaa na-elekwasị anya na ndị na-adịghị ike, ndị a na-ejighị n'aka, ndị a, ndị a zụrụ anya na-ejere ezere ezere ezo na ndị a na ndị a chụpụrụ iche n'oge a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Moraa Gitaa Is a Must-Read Author|url=http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2013/02/07/moraa-gitaa-is-a-must-read-auther_c735416|work=The Star|date=7 February 2013|accessdate=9 August 2017|archivedate=9 August 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170809213843/http://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2013/02/07/moraa-gitaa-is-a-must-read-auther_c735416}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Evan|first=Mwangi|title=Kenya: Books: Kenyan Writers Open Debate On New Corruption Frontiers|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200603060338.html|date=5 March 2006|accessdate=14 August 2013|work=Daily Nation}}</ref> Akụkọ Gitaa na-abụghị akụkọ ifo na akụkọ mkpirikpi gosipụtara na Harvard University's Transition Magazine, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hutchinscenter.fas.harvard.edu/transition-121|title=Transtition Magazine, Issue 121|accessdate=2018-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171104202543/http://hutchinscenter.fas.harvard.edu/transition-121|archivedate=2017-11-04}}</ref> PEN International's PEN OutWrite, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pen-outwrite.org/obscure-oddities-moraa-gitaa|title=Pen Outwrite, Obscure Oddities}}</ref> IFLAC's Peace & Anti-Terror Anthology, Spotlight Publisher's Waiting and Other Stories, Creatives Garage Anthology, ọtụtụ Author Me Anthologies, ọtụtụ G21 The World's Magazine Anthologies gụnyere Africa Fresh! &nbsp;''Africa dị ọhụrụ! ''New Voices from the First Continent, The African Magazine, na Hekaya Initiative <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hekaya.co.ke/2018/04/11/jihadi-brides|title=Hekaya Initiative, Jihadi Brides}}</ref> N'afọ 2014, James Murua gụnyere Gitaa na ndepụta nke ndị edemede Africa 39 kachasị elu n'okpuru afọ 40 na-ede na Bekee.<ref>{{Cite web|first=James|author=Murua|url=https://www.writingafrica.com/39-top-english-language-african-novelists-under-40|work=Writing Africa|title=39 Top English Language African Novelists under 40}|date=9 May 2014|accessdate=11 May 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * ''Ka anyị kwuo maka nke a''. Ndị na-ebipụta akwụkwọ a na-amaghị ama, Kenya, 2020<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gitaa|first=Moraa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlWRzQEACAAJ|title=Let's Talk about This|date=2023-07-31|publisher=Worlds Unknown|isbn=978-1-7349822-1-3|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-28|title=Book Review: Lets Talk About This|first=Ochieng|author=Obunga|url=https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/art-books/book-review-lets-talk-about-this-2486522|accessdate=2022-05-27|work=Nation|language=en}}</ref> * Kigango Oracle. Ndị na-ebipụta ụwa a na-amaghị ama, Kenya, 2020 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Gitaa|first=Moraa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W3SUzQEACAAJ|title=The Kigango Oracle|date=2020-07-31|publisher=Worlds Unknown publishers|isbn=978-1-7349822-5-1|language=en}}</ref> * ''Hila'' Storymoja Publishers, Kenya, 2015<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Gitaa|first=Moraa|title=Crucible for silver and furnace for gold|year=2008|publisher=Nsemia Publishers|location=Oakville|isbn=978-0981036229|pages=276|edition=first}}</ref> * ''Mwakpo Shark''. Moran Publishers, Kenya, 2014 <ref>{{Cite book|author=Gitaa|first=Moraa|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/892514533|title=The shark attack|date=2014|isbn=978-9966-34-738-1|language=English|oclc=892514533}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Moraa|first=Gitaa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IuDSDwAAQBAJ&q=The+Shark+Attack.+by+Moraa+Gitaa|title=The Shark Attack|date=2020-02-27|publisher=Moran Publishers|isbn=978-9966-34-738-1|language=en}}</ref> * ''Onye Na-ese Ihe''. Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Akwụkwọ nke Kenya, Kenya, 2014 * ''Ájá Na-agbanwe agbanwe''. Nsemia Publishers, Kenya, 2012<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gitaa|first=Moraa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7okDuwAACAAJ&q=Shifting+Sands.+by+Moraa+Gitaa|title=Shifting Sands|date=2012|publisher=Nsemia|isbn=978-1-926906-04-1|language=en}}</ref> * ''Crucible maka ọlaọcha na ọkụ maka ọlaedo''. Nsemia Publishers, Kenya, 2008<ref>{{Cite book|author=Gitaa|first=Moraa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=H-J4PQAACAAJ&q=Crucible+for+Silver+and+Furnace+for+Gold..+by+Moraa+Gitaa|title=Crucible for Silver and Furnace for Gold|date=2008|publisher=Nsemia|isbn=978-0-9810362-2-9|language=en}}</ref> == Anthologies ndị e gosipụtara == * African Land Policy Center (ALPC) Anthology Finding Ground na Akụkọ ndị ọzọ gbasara ọchịchị ala n'Africa, 2022. * Hekaya Arts Initiative Mbipụta 01 / Libros Agency: Anthology - Jihadi Bride and Other Stories, Kenya, 2018 * Transition Magazine Mbipụta 121: Isiokwu - Nwatakịrị - Hutchins Center for African and African American Research na Mahadum Harvard, 2016 * Ndị na-emepụta ihe Garage: Femmolution Mpịakọta 01, Kenya, 2016 * ''Ichere na Akụkọ Ndị Ọzọ'': Spotlight Publishers, Kenya, 2016 * PEN OutWrite - Obscure Oddities: LGBTQI Issue bipụtara site na PEN International, 2015 * G2's Anthology - Africa Fresh! ''Africa dị ọhụrụ! Olu Ọhụrụ sitere na Kọntinent Mbụ'', 2010 == Onyinye == * 2024 Ndị edemede 25 a ma ama na akwụkwọ 25 nke Kenya Publishers Association site na afọ 25 gara aga na The Shark Attack * 2024 Nuria Bookstore's Top 100 Authors and Books with Shifting Sands * 2022-2023 IAS-CEU Onye edemede na-ebi / Fellow: Institute for Advanced Study - Central European University * 2022 Jomo Kenyatta Prize for Literature (JKPL) - Ndepụta dị mkpirikpi na "Let's Talk About This" * 2021 James Currey Prize for African Literature (Longlist) * 2021 NOMMO Awards (Nominated/Longlist) * 2017 apexart Fellow * 2014 Burt Award * 2010 Penguin Prize for African Writing (Shortlist) * 2008 National Book Development Council of Kenya - Book Week Literary Awards (Onye mmeri nke mbụ Adult Fiction Category) == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] frcay19kmrekqz4w7eum2rqai5jv11q 0 58366 654211 203661 2026-06-07T01:28:35Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654211 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Language|name=Pela|pronunciation={{IPA|bxd|pə˧˩la˥}}|states=China|speakers=400|date=2000|familycolor=Sino-Tibetan|fam2=[[Tibeto-Burman languages|Tibeto-Burman]]|fam3=[[Lolo–Burmese languages|Lolo–Burmese]]|fam4=[[Burmish languages|Burmish]]|fam5=Maruic|iso3=bxd}} '''Pela''' ma ọ bụ '''Bola''' ( Chinese ; autonym: ''{{IPA|pə³¹la⁵⁵}}'', exonym: ''{{IPA|po³¹no⁵¹}}'' ), bụ asụsụ Burmish nke Western Yunnan, China. Na China, a na-ekewa ndị na-asụ Pela dị ka akụkụ nke agbụrụ Jingpo . A pụkwara ịsụ Pela na Bọma. == Nkesa == Enwere ihe dị ka ndị ọkà okwu 500 dị ka nke 2005. A na-ekesa ndị agbụrụ dị ka ndị a. * Mangshi ** Santaishan (三台山乡) *** Yinqian (引欠村<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lùxī Shì Sāntái Shān Dé'ángzú Xiāng Yǔnqiàn Cūnwěihuì|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98248|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002030338/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98248|archivedate=2016-10-02|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> ) *** Kongjiazhai (孔家寨, olumba nnọchite anya; Pela: ''{{IPA|tsɛ³¹kʰauŋ³⁵tam³¹}}'' ) ** Wuchalu (五岔路乡) *** Mengguang (勐广村<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lùxī Shì Wǔchàlù Xiāng Wāndān Cūnwěihuì Měngguǎng Zìráncūn|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98342|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304220355/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=98342|archivedate=2016-03-04|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> ) *** Nongnong (弄弄村 ) *** Gongqiu (贡丘) ** Xishan (西山乡) *** Ụyọkọ nke abụọ (二组), Banzai (板栽 ) ** Chengjiao (城郊) *** Huashulin (桦树林) * Mpaghara Lianghe ** Bangwai (邦外) * Mpaghara Longchuan ** Shuangwopu (双窝铺) ** Wangzishu (王子树) ** Palangnong (帕浪弄<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lǒngchuān Xiàn Jǐnghǎn Zhèn Mànmiàn Cūnwěihuì Dàpàlàng Zìráncūn|url=http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=97454|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010044942/http://www.ynszxc.gov.cn/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=97454|archivedate=2016-10-10|work=ynszxc.gov.cn|language=zh}}</ref> ) Yinqian (引欠, ma ọ bụ Yunqian 允欠) na Mengguang (勐广) nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Pela kacha ukwuu. == Ntụaka == olumba isii nke Khir, ha niile nwere nghọta n'etiti ibe ha.{{Reflist}} == Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==   == Njikọ mpụga == * Ihe ndekọ ELAR nke [http://elar.soas.ac.uk/deposit/0336 akwụkwọ Pela] j8vu1as36le4ndi7od7mmurfswvzzoh 0 58892 654223 392977 2026-06-07T01:34:11Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654223 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Ugwu Iraya''', bụ stratovolcano na-arụ ọrụ na Batan Island, ma bụrụ ebe kachasị elu na mpaghara Batanes, Philippines. Ọ dị n'akụkụ ụlọ mgbawa ugwu ọzọ, Ugwu Matarem. == Ebe == Iraya dị na Batan Island, otu n'ime agwaetiti ndị dị na mpaghara Batanes, na Luzon Strait, n'ebe ugwu nke agwaetiti Luzon, na Philippines. Ọ bụ ugwu mgbawa ugwu na-arụ ọrụ na Philippines . == Njirimara anụ ahụ == Iraya bụ stratovolcano nke nwere oke ọhịa, nke nwere elu 1,009 metres (3,310 ft) asl, na dayameta ntọala nke 5,500 metres (18,000 ft) . == Ọrụ mgbawa ugwu == Mgbe Ugwu Iraya gbawara na 1454, ụlọ ọrụ Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) ka na-ewere ya dị ka otu n'ime ugwu mgbawa na-arụ ọrụ na Philippines . N'afọ 1998, ndị ọkà mmụta mgbawa ugwu dekọtara oke mmiri nke mere ka ha guzobe netwọk nlekota na Batan Island ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Mgbe oke ịma jijiji ahụ belatara, e wepụrụ ọdụ ọdụ nwa oge na Barangay San Joaquin na Basco, Batanes na onye ọzọ dị nso na olulu mmiri ahụ. Ebe Basco Seismological Station ka na-enyocha seismicity ma ọ bụ ọrụ ọ bụla metụtara Iraya. == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ugwu mgbawa na Philippines ** Ndepụta ugwu mgbawa na-arụ ọrụ na Philippines ** Ndepụta ugwu mgbawa nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ na Philippines ** Ndepụta ugwu mgbawa na-adịghị arụ ọrụ na Philippines * Ụlọ ọrụ Philippine nke Volcanology na Seismology == Ntụaka == mere ka ha guzobe netwọk nlekota na Batan Island ugwu nke agwaetiti{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == *   qrcf9g9zjq99agxnn7f5lhr9mc8ealy 0 60031 654222 516123 2026-06-07T01:33:46Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654222 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tshegofatso Seakgoe''' (amụrụ 8 Maachị 1990) bụ ihe nlere na onye na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa. A mụrụ ya na Meadowlands, Gauteng na South Africa. Ọ bụ onye meriri n'asọmpi ihe onyonyo onyonyo nke ELLE Magazine South Africa mere na 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Tshego 101|url=http://www.legitimatefashion.com/spring-2012/DTMWTW-Tshego-History|publisher=Legitimate Fashion|accessdate=11 September 2012|archivedate=4 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170904210212/http://www.legitimatefashion.com/spring-2012/DTMWTW-Tshego-History}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Local celebs reveal Christmas wish lists and plans for 2021|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/local-celebs-reveal-christmas-wish-lists-and-plans-for-2021-090fae5b-7345-4ba6-893f-784dfab1766e|accessdate=2021-08-11|work=iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == Amụrụ ma zụlite ya na Meadowlands, Soweto (na Gauteng, South Africa) wee soro nne ya biri ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1999. Ọ kwagara ka ya na nna ya, nne di ya, ụmụnne ya nwoke atọ na otu nwanne nne di obere nọ na Alberton, Gauteng . Dị ka nwa agbọghọ, ọ nwere mmasị na ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ ma soro na ọtụtụ ihe ngosi telivishọn, gụnyere igosi na ọwa ntụrụndụ ụmụaka YOT V 4 na abụ maka [[Nelson Mandela]] na ememe ụbọchị ọmụmụ 80th ya. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Playboy beauty who sang for Madiba|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/the-playboy-beauty-who-sang-for-madiba-1058145|accessdate=2021-08-11|work=iol.co.za|language=en}}</ref> Na 5 ft 6 na (1.68 m) ọ na-ekwere mgbe niile na ọ dị mkpụmkpụ ịbụ ihe nlereanya. == Mgbe ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị gasịrị == Mgbe Tshegofatso gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Greenside High School na Gauteng, South Africa, Tshegofatso malitere nkuzi na njikwa. Ọ kwụsịrị ịga ọmụmụ ihe mgbe ọnwa atọ gachara ma kpebie ịkwụsịtụ ọmụmụ ihe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-anabata ndị ọbịa obere oge wee kpebie ịlaghachi n'ọmụmụ ihe na ịmụ akwụkwọ gbasara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akwụkwọ akụkọ na Mahadum Monash . == Ọrụ == Ọnwa isii n'ime akwụkwọ mahadum ya, na 2010, otu enyi ya bịakwutere ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe nlereanya maka ntinye foto ya na asọmpi ELLE Magazine South Africa. Ya na enyi ya meriri asọmpi ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|title=Tshegofatso Seakgoe|url=https://starquality.co.za/tshegofatso-seakgoe/|accessdate=2021-08-11|work=Starquality|language=en-US}}</ref> Otu enyi, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ese ihe na ELLE Magazine, dụrụ ya ọdụ ka ọ chọọ onye ọrụ. O tinyere aka na Ayana Africa Management wee gaa ihe nkedo ọnwa isii na-enweghị chi. === Akwụkwọ akụkọ Playboy South Africa === Mgbe enyi ya malitere ịrụ ọrụ na magazin Playboy South Africa, a gakwuuru ya ka ọ gaa ihe nkedo maka mbipụta ole na ole mbụ nke magazin ahụ. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ gara ihe nkedo ahụ wee họrọ ya dịka onye egwuregwu. Ka ndị ọrụ Playboy South Africa nyochachara ya, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ kpakpando mkpuchi maka mbipụta May mpaghara ha. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Soweto Homegrown Graces Playboy Cover|url=http://www.zoopy.com/entertainment/1054/soweto-homegrown-graces-playboy-cover|publisher=Zoopy Entertainment|accessdate=11 September 2012}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ebumnuche |- | 2018 | Ocheeze | Co-Star | Television <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Throne|url=https://dstv-fe-mzansimagic-prod.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/mzansimagic/en-za/show/the-throne|accessdate=2022-07-22|work=The Throne|language=en}}</ref> |- | 2017 | Nkwa mebiri emebi | Co-Star | Television <ref>{{Cite web|title=Broken Vows {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=5480&season=1|accessdate=2022-07-22|work=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- | 2016 | Idobe akara | Co-Star | Television <ref>{{Cite web|title=Keeping Score {{!}} Season 1 {{!}} TVSA|url=https://www.tvsa.co.za/shows/viewshowseasons.aspx?showId=3454&season=1|accessdate=2022-07-22|work=www.tvsa.co.za}}</ref> |- | 2016 | Queen Mzansi | Co-Star | Igwe onyonyo |- | 2015 | Onye iro steeti mba. 1 | Ụkpụrụ | Ihe nkiri njiri mara |} == Ntụaka == mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1999. Ọ kwagara ka ya na nna ya, nne di ya, ụmụnne ya nwoke atọ na otu nwanne nne di obere nọ na Alberton,{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ntz5gzfsqtrbn31jcpyv48dcakvhja6 0 66982 654220 514851 2026-06-07T01:32:52Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Akeem Sule''' bụ onye Britain na-ahụ maka ọrịa uche ma bụrụ onye Naijiria, onye guzobere [[Hip hop music|Hip-hop]] Psych, nchepụta nke na-eji egwu hip hop na okwu so egwu akwado ndị na-arịa ọrịa uche, ma bụrụ onye nhazi nke otu Association of Black Psychiatrists Culture Club.<ref name="O’Dowd2023">{{Cite journal|author=O’Dowd|first=Adrian|date=17 June 2023|title=Role model: Akeem Sule|url=https://www.bmj.com/bmj/section-pdf/1083884?path=/bmj/381/8387/Careers.full.pdf|journal=British Medical Journal|volume=381}}</ref><ref name="Driscoll2019">{{Cite book|author=Driscoll|first=Christopher M.|editor=Driscoll|title=Kendrick Lamar and the Making of Black Meaning|date=2019|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-01083-2|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMyxDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA24|language=en|chapter=Introduction}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Ollerenshaw|first=Tracy|date=13 October 2014|title=Hip-hop 'can help people with mental health issues'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-29595426|accessdate=14 August 2025|work=BBC News}}</ref><ref name="Knapton2014">{{Cite news|author=Knapton|first=Sarah|title=Hip-hop classics picked by Cambridge University for mental health benefits|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11221622/Hip-hop-classics-picked-by-Cambridge-University-for-mental-health-benefits.html|accessdate=15 August 2025|work=The Telegraph|date=11 November 2014|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * {{Cite journal|author=Sule|first=Akeem|title=A hip-hop state of mind|journal=The Lancet Psychiatry|date=1 December 2014|volume=1|issue=7|pages=494–495|doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00063-7|pmid=26361296|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(14)00063-7/abstract|language=English|issn=2215-0366}} (Co-author) * {{Cite journal|author=Sule|first=Akeem|title=Kendrick Lamar, street poet of mental health|journal=The Lancet Psychiatry|date=1 June 2015|volume=2|issue=6|pages=496–497|doi=10.1016/S2215-0366(15)00216-3|pmid=26360440|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0366(15)00216-3/fulltext|language=English|issn=2215-0366}} (Co-author) * {{Cite journal|author=Sule|first=Akeem|title=A public health perspective on hip-hop's response to the COVID-19 pandemic: Experiences of illness, spread of misinformation, and mobilization of resources|journal=Public Health in Practice (Oxford, England)|date=November 2021|volume=2|doi=10.1016/j.puhip.2021.100078|pmid=34841371|issn=2666-5352}} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.hiphoppsych.co.uk/cv/cv_sule_updated_04_03_2013.pdf Akeem Sule (CV)] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] t2u43q7v9tcpph3ofgdpbr9a53sd8ik 0 67019 654196 514983 2026-06-07T00:15:31Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Susan Cachel''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1949) bu onye America na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ, ọka mmụta ihe omimi, na onye nyocha bu ọkachamara na evolushon primate. N'afọ 2009, a kpọrọ ya Fellow nke American Association for the Advancement of Science maka ọrụ ya n'ọhịa nke evolushon.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.rutgers.edu/news-releases/2009/12/three-rutgers-profes-20091210#.VJu0TRAAIA|title=Three Rutgers Professors Named Fellows of Top National Science Association|work=rutgers.edu}}</ref> == Mmụta == Cachel nwere B.A. (1970), M.A. (71), na Ph.D. ((1976) site na Mahadum Chicago.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Yumpu.com|title=Download - Office for the Promotion of Women in Science ...|url=https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/18965404/download-office-for-the-promotion-of-women-in-science-|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=yumpu.com|language=en}}</ref> Onye ndụmọdụ Ph.D. ya bu R.H. Tuttle . <ref name=":0" /> Ọ nọ na Mahadum Rutgers kemgbe afọ 1977.<ref name=":0" /> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * {{Cite book|author=Cachel|first=Susan|title=Primate and human evolution|date=2006|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=0-521-82942-9|location=Cambridge, UK|oclc=64312971}} * {{Cite book|author=Cachel|first=Susan|title=Fossil primates|date=2015|isbn=978-1-107-00530-3|location=Cambridge|oclc=890377461}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120418224448/http://anthro.rutgers.edu/fac/department-undergrad-a-grad-faculty/susan-cachel Peeji nke ngalaba Rutgers] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141225103923/http://www.cambridgeindia.org/showbookdetails.asp?ISBN=9780521829427&category_id=81 Primate na Human Evolution, Cambridge University Press] [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bikmq16tfqm195svarw9ytpw9csdpri 0 71809 654261 539559 2026-06-07T09:37:10Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654261 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nsugbe''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Nsugbe.wav|Listen}}bụ obodo dị na Anambra East Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria. . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-06-30|title=Woman Stabs Husband to Death in Anambra|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/06/30/woman-stabs-husband-to-death-in-anambra/|accessdate=2022-11-25|work=THISDAYLIVE|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụ ógbè dịpụrụ adịpụ nke [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]]. == Ebe == Nsugbe bụ obodo dị n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke osimiri Naịja n'ime mpaghara ọchịchị Anambra East nke steeti Anambra, Nigeria.  Ọtụtụ obodo na obodo nta ndị gbara ya gburugburu gbara ya gburugburu.  N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ Onitsha, ebe Nkwelle-Ezunaka na Umunya dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ.  Anam dị n'ebe ugwu, na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, e nwere obodo ndị dị ka Umuleri, Aguleri, Enugwu Aguleri, Nando, Nteje, Awkuzu, Igbariam, na Achalla.  Obodo Nsugbe nwere obodo iri, ya bụ Agbalagbo, Enugwu, Nnadi, Amumu, Akpalagu, Ogwuari, Amagu, Offianta, Abah, na Amaofu.. == Mmalite == Dịka omenala ọnụ si kwuo, ndị mbụ biri na Nsugbe bụ ụmụ Omini, nwa Enugwu Aguleri Eri, onye si Enugwu Aguleri kwaga mgbe nna ha nwụsịrị wee biri na Okpuno Enugwu Nsugbe, mpaghara dị na mpụga Nsugbe nke oge a. Agbanyeghị, onye ndu otu ahụ, a kpọghachiri ya na Aguleri mgbe nna ya Enini (Omini) nwụrụ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ ya, tinyere nwanne ya nwoke Nta, nọgidere na Nsugbe ma mesịa soro ndị ọzọ si Ivite Agulu-eri bịa, wee guzobe Enugwu Nsugbe nke oge a, Offianta Nsugbe, na Abah Nsugbe..<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chisom Amakom|date=2023-03-11|title=THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF AGE GRADE SYSTEM IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NSUGBE LAND OF ANAMBRA STATE, NIGERIA.|journal=Scholarly Journal of Social Sciences Research|volume=2|issue=3}}</ref> Ndị guzobere obodo Nnadi, dị ka ọdịnala si kwuo, bụbu obodo dị iche na Nsugbe. Otú ọ dị, n'ihi agha ada, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 90% n'ime ha gbagara n'obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu dị ka Nteje, Awkuzu, na ndị ọzọ. Agha a metụtara Igboland dum, na-ahapụ ọtụtụ ebe tọgbọrọ n'efu. Ndị Nnadi choro ebe mgbaba n'etiti obodo Offianta ruo 1903 mgbe ha laghachiri n'ụlọ mbụ ha na Nnadi Nsugbe.<ref>{{Cite book|author=NWEKE|first=P. C.|title=HISTORY OF NSUGBE|date=2021|publisher=SNAAP PRESS NIG. LTD., ENUGU|location=ENUGU|isbn=978-978-910-603-5|pages=1–3|edition=FIRST}}</ref> Ìgwè ọzọ nke ndị bi na ya si na Awka-Achalla-Nri axis, ha na obodo Amagu dị na Nsugbe jikọtara ha. Tụkwasị na nke a, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị si mba ọzọ si n'akụkụ Delta State na-asụ asụsụ Igbo, bụ ndị biri n'akụkụ [[Edo people|Ndị Edo]]. Ha mechara gafee ala mmiri nke Niger-Anambra wee biri n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Osimiri Niger. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị bi ebe ahụ guzobere obodo nta dị ka Agbalagbo, Akpalagu, na Ogwuari. Ụfọdụ ndị si n'etiti ọdịda anyanwụ jikọtara Eze-Chima, onye gbapụrụ Benin na narị afọ nke iri na ise. Ndị guzobere obodo Ogwuari, dịka ọmụmaatụ, sitere na Ogwuashi-Ukwu na Delta State, na-adịghị anya na Benin. Mgbe ha gafesịrị Osimiri Niger, ha biri n'etiti osimiri Niger na Anambra, soro ndị agbata obi ha Anam biri ọtụtụ afọ. Ha nwere ala ugbo na ọdọ mmiri ịkụ azụ dị ka Ojeli, Akpatayama, Aribo, na Onono. N'ikpeazụ, ha gafere Osimiri Niger na Anambra, guzobe ebe obibi ha n'etiti Ugbo Eke na Akpaka (nke bụ Onitsha Forest ugbu a), ka ha na-enye ndị Anam ala ha na ọdọ mmiri ịkụ azụ dị ka ndị nlekọta site na iyi. Njikọ nke ndị mbịarambịa a na Nsugbe, nke ala na-eme nri dọtara ma bụrụ nke aha obodo ahụ dị ka ndị agha na ndị na-achụ nta dọtara, dugara na ntọala nke Nsugbe nke oge a ihe karịrị afọ 500 gara aga. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, enwere ike kewaa Nsugbe n'ime oge abụọ: oge predynastic na oge dynastic. N'oge predynastic, Nsugbe bụ njikọ nke obodo nta ndị otu atọ dị iche iche na-achị: Okala Okwule, Umuotu, na Otuogene. Okala Okwule mejupụtara ndị okenye obodo, ebe Umuotu mejupụtara ụmụ nwoke dị ike na ndị nwere ike si n'obodo ahụ. Otuogene bụ otu ndị agadi nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=NWEKE|first=P. C.|title=HISTORY OF NSUGBE|date=2021|publisher=SNAAP PRESS NIG. LTD., ENUGU|location=ENUGU|isbn=978-978-910-603-5|pages=1–3|edition=FIRST}}</ref> Oge ọchịchị ahụ gosipụtara iwebata ọchịchị ma ọ bụ usoro ọchịchị na Nsugbe, nke ndị Ogwuari wetara. A na-akpọ ndị eze ahụ Obi. Ezinụlọ Obis gụnyere Obi Ezepue, Obi Ezenwigbo, Obi Nwaobi, Obi Eke, Obi Uzoka, Obi Itava, Obi Somukwu, na Obi Ovili (Ofili), onye a chụpụrụ na 1875. Obi Ovili bụ onye ikpeazụ na-achị Obi, na-agbaso usoro nke ndị nọchiri ezinụlọ Umu-Obi nke Ogwuari. A mụrụ nwa ikpeazụ ya, Princess Nno, na 1875 wee nwụọ na 1975. Mgbe e wepụrụ Obi Ofili, Nsugbe nwere oge nsogbu ndị isi. Otu ìgwè a na-akpọ Ndi-Eze pụtara, na-anọchite anya otu ndị eze dị iche iche ma na-ama ọha mmadụ nwere ọtụtụ eze aka. Ọnọdụ a gara n'ihu ruo mgbe nchịkwa nke ndị Britain rutere n'ala Igbo, nke dugara n'oge ndị isi warrant. Maka bụ onye isi warrant mbụ a họpụtara, Obi Meze sochiri ya, onye weghaara ọnọdụ ahụ ọbụna mgbe Maka dị ndụ. Obi Meze nwụrụ n'afọ 1935, na-eduga n'oge interregnum. N'afọ 1946, ndị Nsugbe kpọrọ J. N. Anyansi onye mbụ chịrị dị ka onye isi. A nabatara ya dị ka onye isi nke abụọ na 1962 ma chịa ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ na 1967. <ref>{{Cite book|author=NWEKE|first=P. C.|title=HISTORY OF NSUGBE|date=2021|publisher=SNAAP PRESS NIG. LTD., ENUGU|location=ENUGU|isbn=978-978-910-603-5|pages=1–3|edition=FIRST}}</ref> N'ikpeazụ, Nsugbe chere oge ọzọ nke nsogbu ndị isi ihu ka ndị Oba pụtara iji maa ndị multi-eze aka. Ọ bụ n'oge a ka a họpụtara J.C. Anyansi dị ka onyeisi Nsugbe. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Igwe Victor Ntorukah nwere ọnọdụ Igwe nke Nsugbe, ọ bụ ezie na nkwenye ya abụghị nke zuru ụwa ọnụ n'etiti ndị obodo niile. == Ọnọdụ nke oge a == N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, Nsugbe enwetala ọganihu na mmepe. Ọ bụ ọdụ ọrụ nchịkwa nke Orient Petroleum na steeti Anambra. Nwafor Orizu College of Education dikwa na Nsugbe. Obodo ewepụtala ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ ama ama, gụnyere Asso. Prof. Christian Onyebuchi Ifedora, onye prọfesọ na-arụkọ ọrụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụike Mahadum Griffith, Gold Coast, Australia; Dọkịta ezinụlọ na onye otu, Royal Australian College of General Practitioners; Onye guzobere na Onye isi ala, OCI Foundation. Rev. Sr. Uju Dibua, onye prọfesọ na-ahụ maka ọrịa na-efe efe na ahụike ọha na mahadum nke Nigeria, Nsukka. Chkwudi Menkiti, onye prọfesọ nke Chemical Engineering na Fidelis Emoh, onye prọfesọ nke Real Estate and Valuation, bụ ndị nkuzi na mahadum Nnamdị Azikiwe dị n'Awka. Nsugbe bụkwa ebe obibi ndị ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị ama ama dịka Sinetọ Alphonsus Igbeke (Ubanese) na Sinetọ Tony Okechukwu Nwoye, bụ ndị na-anọchite anya mpaghara Anambra North. Honourable Barrister Hyacinth Aniegboka Nweke na Honorable Nweke Menkiti abụrụla ndị kọmishọna na steeti Anambra. Ọkaiwu a ma ama bụ Tochukwu Nweke na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a dịka onye ndụmọdụ iwu nye Gọvanọ steeti Anambra. N'ọrụ gọọmentị, ndị mmadụ dịka Ajulu na Dr. Dan Ezeanwu erutela ọkwa kachasị elu n'ọrụ ha dịka odeakwụkwọ na-adịgide adịgide na steeti Anambra. Onyinye ha enyerela aka nke ukwuu n'ịkwalite ọrụ gọọmentị na mpaghara ahụ. Nsugbe enyekwala aka dị ukwuu n'egwuregwu. Obodo a emeela ka ndị ama ama dị ka Okechukwu Isima na Obinna Nsofor, ndị hapụrụ akara ha na otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba, [[Nigeria national football team|Super Eagles nke Naịjirịa]]. Ihe ha rụzuru emeela ka obodo dị mpako ma kpalie ndị na-eto eto na-eme egwuregwu. Tụkwasị na nke a, Nsugbe bụ ebe obibi nke ndị mọnk nke Our Lady of Angels, obodo Cistercian. Ọnụnọ nke ebe obibi ndị mọnk na-enye aka na ime mmụọ na okpukpe nke obodo ahụ, na-enye ebe ofufe na nduzi ime mmụọ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=NWEKE|first=P. C.|title=HISTORY OF NSUGBE|date=2021|publisher=SNAAP PRESS NIG. LTD., ENUGU|location=ENUGU|isbn=978-978-910-603-5|pages=1–3|edition=FIRST}}</ref> == Idei Mmiri == Nsugbe bụ ebe idei mmiri na-enwekarị. Idei mmiri metụtara obodo ahụ n'afọ 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anambra flood victims now live in bushes – Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/anambra-flood-victims-now-live-in-bushes/|accessdate=2025-11-07|work=dailytrust.com}}</ref> Dị ka otu onye obodo si kwuo, a maghị Nsugbe dị ka ebe idei mmiri na-enwekarị ma mee ka ihe isi ike dị otú ahụ pụta na obodo. O kwuru na ọ dịkarịa ala mmadụ 2,000 gụnyere ụmụaka metụtara ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Pilotnews|date=2022-10-20|title=2,000 Anambra Flood Victims Take Refuge in Bushes, Blame Govt -|url=https://www.westafricanpilotnews.com/2022/10/19/2000-anambra-flood-victims-take-refuge-in-bushes-blame-govt/|accessdate=2025-11-07|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p2b3m5naqd3w8jagg00v198rhgazk2g 0 72551 654166 638443 2026-06-06T19:47:57Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654166 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mahadum Renaissance''' bụ mahadum onwe onye nke gọọmentị etiti nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nyere ikike na 2005. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nuc.edu.ng/nigerian-univerisities/private-univeristies/|title=National Universities Commission (NUC) - Private Universities|accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref> Isi ụlọ akwụkwọ ya dị na Ugbawka (Igbo: Ugbuoka) na Enugu Steeti, Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenews.ng/education-news/renaissance-university/|title=Renaissance University|date=26 August 2015|publisher=thenews.ng|work=Opemipo Adeniyi|accessdate=30 August 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222041625/https://thenews.ng/education-news/renaissance-university/|archivedate=22 February 2016}}</ref> == Ebe == Mahadum Renaissance dị na Ugbawka (n'akụkụ Enugu-Port Harcourt Express Road n'ụzọ Ebonyi State) na Mpaghara Ọchịchị Obodo Nkanu East nke Enugu Steeti na Igboland.. A pụrụ iru ogige ahụ n'ime nkeji iri atọ site n'okporo ụzọ site na isi obodo Enugu. Ọ dị ihe dị ka otu awa site na Mahadum Steeti Abia (Uturu), Mahadum Steeti Ebonyi (Abakaliki) na Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka. Obodo azụmaahịa Aba na Port Harcourt dị n'etiti awa abụọ na awa abụọ na ọkara site na ụgbọala. Ọ bụ otu n'ime mahadum abụọ dị na ala Nkanu nke Enugu Steeti. Nke ọzọ bụ [[Enugu State University of Science and Technology]] (ESUT) - mahadum mbụ nke teknụzụ na Naịjirịa, nke dị na Agbani <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.esut.edu.ng/|title=Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT)|accessdate=12 April 2019|archivedate=4 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200604145855/https://www.esut.edu.ng/}}</ref> na [[Nkanu West]] Local Government Area. == Kọleji == Mahadum ahụ nwere kọleji atọ: <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnu.edu.ng/colleges.html|title=The Colleges, Renaissance University|accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref> * '''Kọleji nke Sayensị Okike na nke A Na-etinye n'Ọdịdị''' College of Natural and Applied Sciences nwere ngalaba ise. Ha bụ Microbiology, Biochemistry, Industrial Chemistry, Computer Science na Industrial [[Ọ̀mụ̀ntụdị|Physics]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnu.edu.ng/collegedetail.html|title=College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Renaissance University|accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref> * '''Kọleji nke Nchịkwa na Sayensị Ọha''' College of Management and Social Sciences nwere ngalaba asatọ. Ha bụ Economics, Mass Communication, Industrial Business Administration, Accountancy, History & International Relations, Psychology, Political Science na Banking & Finance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnu.edu.ng/collegedetail2.html|title=College of Management and Social Sciences, Renaissance University|accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref> * '''Kọleji nke Iwu <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rnu.edu.ng/colleges.html|title=College of Law, Renaissance University|accessdate=12 April 2019}}</ref>''' == Edemsibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20091129120745/http://www.rnu.edu.ng/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke Mahadum Renaissance] {{Universities in Nigeria}} 1lhg1madzs9m702n1uicnmqop0sc2jm 0 74816 654228 642114 2026-06-07T01:37:02Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654228 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ernest Ezeajughi''' {{Audio|Ig-Ernest Ezeajugh.ogg|''(mkpọpụta)''}} bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria nke Britain. Ọ bụ onye isi ojii mbụ nke London ógbè nke Brent . <ref>{{Cite news|author=Egbas|first=Jude|date=2019-05-02|title=17 Things to know about Ernest Ezeajughi, 1st black Mayor of London Borough of Brent|url=https://www.pulse.ng/news/politics/ernest-ezeajughi-17-things-to-know-about-1st-black-mayor-of-london-borough-of-brent/49p01tk|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=[[Pulse Nigeria]]|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụbu onye isi ndị ọrụ nke Anambra Steeti na Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Soludo picks former London mayor as chief of staff, announces other appointments|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/regional/ssouth-east/519059-soludo-picks-former-london-mayor-as-chief-of-staff-announces-other-appointments.html|accessdate=2025-06-15|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Ezeajughi n'obodo Awgbu na ndịda Naịjirịa, Anambra Steeti. N'afọ 1998, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Nnamdi Azikiwe wee gaa n'ihu nweta nzere nna ukwu nke sayensị na nlekọta ahụike gburugburu ebe obibi na kọleji eze London . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-08-30|title=Ernest Nnaama Ezeajughi (1960- ) •|url=https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/ernest-nnaama-ezeajughi-1960/|accessdate=2023-03-06|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere masta, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na ozi eze, ahụike ọha England, na ọgwụ na nlekọta ahụike ikike.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Uchechukwu|first=Oghenekevwe|date=2022-03-24|title=Soludo appoints former Mayor of London Borough of Brent as Chief of Staff|url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/soludo-appoints-former-mayor-of-london-borough-of-brent-as-chief-of-staff/|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere ngalaba Britain nke [[All Progressives Grand Alliance]] ebe ọ bụ onyeisi oche site na 2010 ruo 2012. N'afọ 2014 na 2018, ọ meriri ntuli aka maka oche na Brent Council na-anọchite anya Stonebridge ward ma bụrụ onye a họpụtara dịka osote onye isi obodo Brent n'oge nke abụọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nigerian Ernest Ezeajughi re-elected as Mayor Of Brent: Dabiri-Erewa reacts - P.M. News|url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2020/09/21/nigerian-ernest-ezeajughi-re-elected-as-mayor-of-brent-dabiri-erewa-reacts/|accessdate=2023-03-06|language=en-US|work=[[P.M. News]]}}</ref> Ndị kansụl ibe ya họpụtara ya maka oge abụọ dị ka onye isi obodo n'afọ 2019.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-22|title=Meet ex-London mayor appointed by Soludo as Chief of Staff|url=https://punchng.com/meet-ex-london-mayor-appointed-by-soludo-as-chief-of-staff/|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=IV|first=Editorial|date=2019-05-01|title=Historic! Nigerian emerges as Mayor in UK|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/%ef%bb%bfhistoric-nigerian-emerges-as-mayor-in-uk/|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=[[Blueprint (newspaper)|Blueprint]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Gọvanọ [[Charles Soludo]] họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi ndị ọrụ na Machị 2022. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Odunsi|first=Wale|date=2022-03-22|title=Soludo appoints ex-London Mayor, Ezeajughi as Chief of Staff, retains Obiano's Security Adviser|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/03/22/soludo-appoints-ex-london-mayor-ezeajughi-as-chief-of-staff-retains-obianos-security-adviser/|accessdate=2023-03-06|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Ezeajughi, Ernest}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] gqgyrz5wlaf7112209pu3lk6at2o4rn 0 75003 654156 631063 2026-06-06T17:15:20Z Afrowriter 20114 /* Ndị mere ihe nkiri a */ 654156 wikitext text/x-wiki Behind the Scenes bụ ihe nkiri Naijiria nke afọ e mere n'afọ 2025 nke [[Funke Akindele]] na Wendy Uwadiae Imasuen mepụtara. Ọ bu Funke Akindele duziri ihe nkiri ahu.<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|author=Fasan|first=Yewande|date=2025-08-24|title=Funke Akindele marks 48th birthday, announces new film "Behind The Scenes"|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/funke-akindele-marks-48th-birthday-announces-new-film-behind-the-scenes/|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ndị na-eme ya bụ Akindele, [[Tobi Bakre]], Vee, Iyabo Ojo, [[Scarlet Gomez]], [[Uzor Arukwe]], [[Uche Montana]], [[Ini Dima-Okojie]], Ibrahim Chatta, Destiny Etiko, na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Wendy Imasuen, Funke Akindele Team Up For Another Emotional Blockbuster, 'Behind the Scenes'|url=https://leadership.ng/wendy-imasuen-funke-akindele-team-up-for-another-emotional-blockbuster-behind-the-scenes/|work=[[Leadership (newspaper)|Leadership]]}}</ref> Akindele kwupụtara ihe nkiri ahụ n'oge emume ncheta ọmụmụ ya nke afọ iri anọ na asatọ, na-akọwa ya dị ka "ihe na-adọrọ mmasị, na nke onwe ya".<ref name=":2" /> Behind the Scenes malitere na sinima mba niile na 12 Disemba 2025. <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Njoku|first=Benjamin|title='Behind the Scenes': Working with Funke Akindele is always a learning experience – Wendy Imasuen|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/11/behind-the-scenes-working-with-funke-akindele-is-always-a-learning-experience-wendy-imasuen/|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Ọ natara nnyocha dị mma n'ozuzu ya ma nweta ihe karịrị nde naira narị ise n'ime izu mbụ e weputara ya, na-aghọ .<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Ayobami|first=Ayooluwa|date=2025-12-23|title=Funke Akindele's 'Behind The Scenes' Becomes Highest-Grossing Nollywood Film of 2025|url=https://www.tvcnews.tv/funke-akindeles-behind-the-scenes-becomes-highest-grossing-nollywood-film-of-2025/|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=Trending News}}</ref> == Nchịkọta atụmatụ == Behind the Scenes na-akọ akụkọ banyere Aderonke "Ronky-Fella" Faniran, onye ọchụnta ego nwere ihe ịga nke ọma nke mmesapụ aka ya n'ebe ezinụlọ na ndị enyi nọ malitere imerụ ya. Ọ malitere inwe mmetụta ma na-enyo enyo na ezinụlọ ya na ndị enyi ya enweghi ike imere ya dika ọ na-emere ha. Ọnọdụ onwe onye a manyere ya ime nnukwu mkpebi nke mere ka ọ hụ ndị mmadụ n'ụzọ dị iche, na-ewelite ajụjụ banyere ezinụlọ, ịhụnanya, ókèala, na aghụghọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Dan-Awoh|first=Deborah|date=2025-12-23|title=Funke Akindele's Behind the Scenes crosses N500M in two weeks|url=https://nairametrics.com/2025/12/23/funke-akindeles-behind-the-scenes-crosses-n500m-in-two-weeks/|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=Nairametrics|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndị mere ihe nkiri a == Ebe e si nweta ya:<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite news|author=Tella|first=Suliyat|date=2025-12-22|title=Funke Akindele's Behind the scenes breaks box office record, grosses ₦512m in 12 days|url=https://guardian.ng/life/film/behind-the-scenes-breaks-box-office-record-grosses-%E2%82%A6512m-in-12-days/|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-GB}}</ref> * [[Funke Akindele]] dị ka Adetutu Fernandez * [[Scarlet Gomez]] dị ka Aderonke Faniran * [[Tobi Bakre]] dị ka Adewale Fernandez * [[Uzor Arukwe]] dị ka Victor Ossai * [[Ini Dima-Okojie]] dị ka nwunye Adewale Fernandez * Iyabo Ojo dị ka Alero * [[Mr Macaroni|Maazị Macaroni]] * [[Destiny Etiko|Etiko Destiny]] dị ka Oluchi * Ibrahim Chatta * Batife Bentley dị ka Onwe ya * Victoria Adeyele == Mmepụta na mweputa == Onye na-emepụta ihe Wendy Imasuen kọwara Behind the Scenes dị ka "obi na-ewute" na-ekwu na onye ọ bụla ga-anọ n'elu egwuregwu ha iji mee ka ihe nkiri ahụ nwee ihe ịga nke ọma.<ref name=":1" /> FilmOne Entertainment nwetara ikike nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụwa nile. na-aghọ onye nkesa ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=2025-10-21|title=FilmOne secures distribution right to Funke Akindele's 'Behind the Scenes'|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/filmone-secures-distribution-right-to-funke-akindeles-behind-the-scenes/|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nde naira narị ise na iri na abụọ na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri nke mere ka ọ pụta dị ka ihe nkiri Nollywood bu ụzọ ruo akara ahụ ngwa ngwa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Omotere|first=Samuel|date=2025-12-22|title=Funke Akindele's 'Behind The Scenes' hits ₦512m in 12 days|url=https://punchng.com/funke-akindeles-behind-the-scenes-hits-%E2%82%A6512m-in-12-days/|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Akindele kpughere na o mefuru ihe karịrị otu ijeri n'ọrụ ahụ ma gbaa ndị na-akwado ya ume ka ha zere mmeghari ihe nkiri ahụ n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghi.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Fasan|first=Yewande|date=2025-12-06|title=Funke Akindele appeals to UK fans to protect 'Behind The Scenes' from piracy|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/funke-akindele-appeals-to-uk-fans-to-protect-behind-the-scenes-from-piracy/|accessdate=2025-12-27|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} m4fn4rwoxupe31e1fen79u9xeqb6o87 0 75466 654168 632723 2026-06-06T19:48:33Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Denis Nya''' {{Audio|Ig-Denis Nya.ogg|listen}} (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 1996) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere otu NPFL, Akwa United.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/npfl-final-games-crucial-says-akwas-nya/|title=NPFL: Final games crucial, says Akwa’s Nya|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US|accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/dennis-nya-not-surprised-by-akwa-united-league-resurgence/1bbrzye656vz11nkfs4c4uahhm|title=Dennis Nya not surprised by Akwa United league resurgence {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|language=en|accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na [[Calabar]], Naịjirịa, Nya bụ nwa amaala nke Ini Local Government Area nke Akwa Ibom State. == Ọrụ klọb == Nya malitere ọrụ bọọlụ ya na 2011 n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị ntorobịa dị na Calabar na ọgbakọ ọgbakọ mba Naijiria, Canaan United, nke onye bụbu onye egwuregwu Super Eagles, John Okon Ene na-achị. Mgbe ọ nọ na Canaan United, ọ nọchitere anya Cross River State na asọmpi egwuregwu ụmụ nwoke na Lagos 2012 National Sports Festival wee nweta ọlaọcha. Ọ sonyeere Ekiti United, otu ndị otu Naijiria National League n'oge 2013–14 Nigeria National League iji kwalite mmepe ya. Ọ gbatịkwara ọnụnọ ya na Ekiti United F.C. ruo na njedebe nke oge 2014-15. Na mmalite nke oge 2015–16, Nya bịanyere aka na Lobi Stars nke Nigeria. Na oge mbụ ya na ụlọ ịgba egwu Makurdi, ọ gbara na 2016 Benue State FA Cup ikpeazụ megide Dreams FC. N'afọ sochirinụ, o si ebe ahụ gbata goolu mbụ ya iji nyere Lobi Stars aka imeri Akwa United 2–1, n'agba nke iri na isii n'asọmpi Aper Aku. N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2017, Nya mechara si Lobi Stars gaa Akwa United ma ndị isi klọb kpughere ya na ndị egwuregwu ọhụrụ 15 na Godswill Akpabio International Stadium na Satọdee, 6 Jenụwarị 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://234football.com/2018/01/06/akwa-united-present-new-signings/|title=Akwa United present new signings|work=234football.com|accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref> Nya gbara bọọlụ na nke mbụ ya maka Akwa United n'ụbọchị mmeghe nke oge NPFL nke 2017-18 megide Enugu Rangers na [[Uyo]], iji hụ na Promise Keepers dere mmeri 2-0 na Enugu Rangors - mmeri mbụ ha na Flying Antelopes n'ime oge atọ. Ọ gbara goolu nke abụọ nke egwuregwu ahụ nkeji iri abụọ na ọkara nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dailytrust.com.ng/kester-nya-ayagwa-in-dream-debut-for-clubs.html/|title=Kester, Nya and Ayagwa in dream debut for clubs|accessdate=21 April 2019|work=[[Daily Trust]]}}</ref> Nya gbara goolu nke abụọ ya n'oge ahụ na Confluence Stadium na [[Lokoja]], dịka Akwa United meriri Niger Tornadoes 2-1 .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.completesports.com/npfl-champions-plateau-go-top-akwa-stun-tornadoes-mfm-rangers-kwara-win/|title=NPFL: Champions Plateau Go Top, Akwa Stun Tornadoes; MFM, Rangers, Kwara Win - Complete Sports Nigeria|author=Usenekong|first=Gold|date=24 January 2018|work=[[Complete Sports]]|language=en-US|accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.sportlineng.com/2018/01/25/akwa-utd-defeat-host-niger-tornadoes-lokoja/|title=Akwa United defeat host Niger Tornadoes in Lokoja|work=Sportlineng.com|accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref> Nya gbara goolu nke atọ ya na 2017-18 Nigeria Professional Football League maka Akwa United na mmeri 2-1 n'ụlọ [[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] na egwuregwu a haziri ahazi na Godswill Akpabio International Stadium. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/dennis-nya-not-surprised-by-akwa-united-league-resurgence/1bbrzye656vz11nkfs4c4uahhm|title=Dennis Nya not surprised by Akwa United league resurgence {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com|language=en|accessdate=11 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.completesports.com/npfl-akwa-united-outscore-enyimba-in-uyo/amp/|title=NPFL: Akwa United outscore Enyimba in Uyo|accessdate=27 January 2019|work=[[Complete Sports]]}}</ref> During Akwa United's 2018 CAF Confederation Cup campaign, Nya played all six games and scored a goal for the 2015 and 2017 Aiteo Cup winner, before they were eliminated by Al-Hilal Club of Sudan in the Round of 32. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Na Wednesday, 29 May 2019, Nya [[Dana Air|Mmiri Dana]] Air Akwa United Player maka ọnwa Eprel, na-esote arụmọrụ ya dị ịrịba ama maka Promise Keepers na mmeri NPFL n'ụlọ 2018-19 megide Gombe United na Kano Pillars na mmeri 3-0 na Plateau United.<ref name="Esther Egbe">{{Cite news|url=https://nationaldailyng.com/akwa-united-defender-wins-dana-air-player-of-the-month/|title=Akwa United defender wins Dana Air Player of the Month|accessdate=6 June 2019|work=National Daily}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Nya gara n'ihu site na nyocha nke Onye nkuzi Manu Garba mere maka ndị egwuregwu na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa na U. J. Esuene Stadium na Calabar, mgbe Morocco 2013 CAF Under-17 Championship na July 2013. Ọ gbara bọọlụ maka ndị otu na-erubeghị afọ iri na asaa na mmeri 1-0 ha meriri ndị otu Akwa United na egwuregwu nkwadebe nke World Cup na Uzo Township Stadium na Wednesday, 28 August 2013. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.futaa.com/ng/article/69012/veteran-coach-counsels-golden-eagletsa-coaches|title=Veteran coach counsels Golden Eaglets|work=Futaa.com|accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref> N'abalị atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2013, a kpọrọ aha ya na ndị otu Golden Eaglets nke mmadụ iri abụọ na otu maka UAE 2013 FIFA Under-17 World Cup, mana ọ pụtaghị na egwuregwu ọ bụla, ka ndị otu ahụ gara n'ihu iji nweta aha nke anọ ha.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4093/nigerian-football/2013/10/03/4308805/nigeria-announce-21-man-squad-for-fifa-u17-world-cup|title=Veteran coach counsels Golden Eaglets|work=Goal.com|accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/24874527|title=Nigeria win Under-17 World Cup|work=BBC.com|accessdate=21 April 2019}}</ref> == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ == === Klọb === ''Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ọkachamara''{{Updated|24 April 2019}} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:80%;" !Mba !Ụbọchị !Ebe a na-anọ !Ìgwè !Onye mmegide !Ihe ruru !Nsonaazụ !Ịsọ mpi |- |1. |30 Machị 2017 |Aper Aku Stadium, [[Makurdi]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] |Kpakpando Lobi |Akwa United | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |2–1 |2016-17 NPFL Ụbọchị 16 |- |2. |14 Jenụwarị 2018 |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] |Akwa United |[[Rangers International F.C.|Ndị Enugu Rangers]] | align="center" |2–0 | align="center" |2–0 |2017-18 NPFL Egwuregwu 1 |- |3. |25 Jenụwarị 2018 |Confluence Stadium, [[Lokoja]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] |Akwa United |Oké Ifufe Naịjirịa | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |2017-18 NPFL Egwuregwu ụbọchị 4 |- |4. |18 Eprel 2018 |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] |Akwa United |Klọb Al-Hilal | align="center" |1–1 | align="center" |3–1 |2018 CAF Confederation Cup, Round nke 32 |- |5. |30 Mee 2018 |Godswill Akpabio International Stadium, [[Uyo]], Nigeria[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] |Akwa United |[[Enyimba International F.C.|Enyimba]] | align="center" |1–0 | align="center" |2–1 |2017-18 NPFL Egwuregwu ụbọchị 20 |} == Nsọpụrụ == === Mba Nile === * '''FIFA U-17 World Cup''' ** UAE 2013 FIFA U-17 World Cup :: '''Onye mmeri''' Naịjirịa U-17 === Mba === * '''Ememme Egwuregwu Mba''' ** Lagos 2012 National Sports Festival ihe omume bọọlụ ụmụ nwoke :: '''Ndị na-agba ọsọ''' Cross River State[[Ȯra Cross River|Steeti Cross River]] === Onye ọ bụla === ** Dana Air / Akwa United Player of the Month :: '''Onye mmeri''' Eprel 2019 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6hylpfxe52t30p895dmxf8wvbpnl9z4 0 75749 654235 638763 2026-06-07T05:58:04Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Catherine Leroy''' (Ọgọst 27, 1944 – Julaị 8, 2006) bụ onye nta akụkọ foto [[France|a mụrụ na mba Frans]] na onye na-ese foto agha, onye foto ya doro anya nke agha gosiri akụkọ Agha Vietnam na peeji nke akwụkwọ akụkọ <nowiki><i id="mwCw">Life</i></nowiki> na mbipụta ndị ọzọ.<ref name="NYT-170328">{{Cite news|author=Herman, Elizabeth|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/03/28/opinion/vietnam-leroy-photoessay.html|title=The Greatest War Photographer You've Never Heard Of|work=The New York Times|date=March 28, 2017|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Leroy na mpaghara mpụga Paris na Ọgọst 27, 1944.<ref name="DCL-bio">{{Cite web|url=https://dotationcatherineleroy.org/en/biography/biography-dates/|title=Biography|work=Dotation Catherine Leroy|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị Katọlik, iji mee ka enyi ya nwoke nwee mmasị, o nwetara ikike ịnya ụgbọ ala mgbe ọ dị afọ 18.<ref name="LAT-021208">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-dec-08-ca-freudenheim8-story.html|title=A window on the war|date=8 December 2002|author=Freudenheim, Susan|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref> Mgbe foto agha ọ hụrụ na ''Paris Match'' kpaliri ya, o kpebiri ịga South Vietnam iji "mee ka agha bụrụ ihu mmadụ." Mgbe ọ dị afọ 21, ọ gbara akwụkwọ tiketi otu ụzọ gaa South Vietnam na 1966, naanị otu Leica M2 na $200 n'akpa ya.<ref name="Ind-obit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/catherine-leroy-408257.html|title=Obituary: Catherine Leroy|author=Phil Davison|work=[[The Independent]]|date=17 July 2006}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ bịarutere [[Ho Chi Minh City|Saigon]] n'afọ 1966, Leroy zutere onye na-ese foto bụ Horst Faas, onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Associated Press . Otu afọ ka nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ mbụ a kwadoro isonye na ịwụli elu parachute agha na 23 Febụwarị 1967, wee sonyere ndị agha 173rd Airborne Brigade na Operation Junction City. Ọ dị obere ma dị gịrịgịrị nke na a ga-atụ ya ibu ka ọ ghara ịfụ ụfụ n'oge ịwụli elu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://time.com/vietnam-photos/|title=The Vietnam War Pictures That Moved Them Most|accessdate=2026-05-14|archivedate=2021-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224000301/https://time.com/vietnam-photos/}}</ref> O kwụsịrị akwụkwọ ikike mgbasa ozi ya nwa oge mgbe ọ ṅụchara iyi nye onye ọrụ mmiri bụ́ onye o chere na ọ na-eweda onwe ya ala n'ịjụ arịrịọ ya ịwụli elu obere oge ka Operation Junction City gasịrị.<ref name="LAT-021208"/> N'oge agha maka Ugwu 881 na 30 Eprel 1967, o sere ọtụtụ foto nke onye agha mmiri US bụ Vernon Wike ka ọ na-elekọta otu onye agha mmiri na-anwụ anwụ nke e bipụtara na <nowiki><i id="mwQA">Life</i></nowiki> iji nye otuto dị ukwuu. Na foto ndị ahụ, Wike dara n'ahịhịa dị ogologo ka ọ na-ejide otu onye agha mmiri a gbara égbè mgbe anwụrụ ọkụ sitere n'agha ahụ na-ebili n'azụ ha. N'ime foto mbụ, Wike nwere aka abụọ n'obi onye agha mmiri ahụ, na-agbalị igbochi ọnyá ahụ. Na nke abụọ, ọ na-agbalị ịchọta obi mgbawa. Na foto nke atọ, "Onye agha mmiri n'ime nhụjuanya", ọ ka ghọtara na nwoke ahụ anwụọla.<ref name="Ind-obit"/> Na 19 Mee 1967, mgbe ọ na-ese foto nke otu ndị agha mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na Operation Hickory na nso Mpaghara Ndị Agha Vietnam (PAVN), ọ merụrụ ahụ nke ukwuu site na ogbunigwe ndị agha People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN). Leroy mechara nye igwefoto otuto maka ịzọpụta ndụ ya site n'ịkwụsị ụfọdụ iberibe ahụ.<ref name="LAT-021208"/> E buru ụzọ kpọpụ ya gaa Con Thien, emesịa gaa USS Ebe nsọ, ebe onyeisi ndị agha mmiri nke atọ, General Lew Walt, letara ya. E bufere ya n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na [[Da Nang|Danang]] ma hapụ ya n'etiti ọnwa Juun.<ref name="LAT-060711">{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-jul-11-me-leroy11-story.html|title=Catherine Leroy, 60; War Photographer|date=July 11, 2006|author=Nelson, Valerie J.|work=The Los Angeles Times|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref><ref name="Becker">{{Cite book|author=Becker|first=Elizabeth|title=You Don't Belong Here How Three Women Rewrote the Story of War|publisher=Public Affairs Books|year=2021|isbn=9781541768208}}</ref>: 95–7  Na Septemba afọ 1967, o sere foto maka nnọchibido Con Thien. N'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 1967, ọ gara leta ezinụlọ ya na Paris wee fega laghachi na New York ebe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na ụlọ ọrụ foto Black Star.<ref name="Becker"/>:110–1  N'afọ 1968, n'oge mwakpo Tet, ndị agha PAVN jidere Leroy na onye nta akụkọ Agence France-Presse bụ Francois Mazure n'oge Agha Huế. O jisiri ike kparịta ụka wee pụta dị ka onye nta akụkọ mbụ sere foto nke ndị agha PAVN n'azụ ahịrị ha. Akụkọ sochirinụ mere ka a mata ''Ndụ''. Ná mmalite afọ 1968, Overseas Press Club nyere ya ihe nrite George Polk maka foto ya na Hill 881, wee bụrụ onye mbụ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya na nwanyị mbụ meriri ihe nrite ahụ. N'emume ihe nrite ahụ na mbido Eprel na New York, o jiri okwu nnabata ya katọọ Associated Press nke o boro ebubo na ọ tụfuru ihe ọjọọ ya, nke mebiri mmekọrịta ya na AP na Horst Faas.<ref name="Becker"/>:123–5 Mgbe ọ laghachiri na South Vietnam na Mee, ọ gbalịsiri ike inwetaghachi ume ya, na-efunahụ ọchịchọ maka ọrụ ubi: Edemede foto ikpeazụ ya nke Vietnam ''bụ́ This is That War'' ka e bipụtara na magazin <nowiki><i id="mwgw">Look</i></nowiki> na 14 Mee 1968 n'otu mbipụta ahụ ebe ndị nchịkọta akụkọ gbanwere iwu iji katọọ agha ahụ.<ref name="Becker"/>:126–7  Leroy si South Vietnam lọta Paris n'etiti Disemba 1968. N'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1969, ọ nabatara ọrụ site n'aka ''Look'' ka ọ gaa leta ememme Woodstock mana n'ụbọchị mbụ o kpebiri isonyere ìgwè mmadụ ahụ wee jiri ọnwa ndị sochirinụ na-eme njem na ịṅụ ọgwụ ike na ndị agha Vietnam ọ zutere ebe ahụ.<ref name="Becker"/>:130–1  N'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1972, ya na [[Frank Cavestani]] malitere ịse ihe nkiri ''Operation Last Patrol'', ihe nkiri gbasara Ron Kovic na ndị agha Vietnam na-alụso agha ọgụ na ngagharị iwe ha na Mgbakọ Mba Republican nke afọ 1972 na Miami Beach. Ihe nkiri ahụ kpaliri Kovic ide akụkọ ndụ ya ''Born on the Fourth of July''.<ref name="Becker"/>: 210–1  Ọ laghachiri Saigon n'etiti Eprel 1975, ọ bụghị dịka onye nta akụkọ, kama iji hụ ọdịda Saigon. Na 30 Eprel, ya na Françoise Demulder sere foto PAVN ka ha na-abanye n'obodo ahụ, ebe Demulder sere foto a ma ama nke tankị na-ada site n'ọnụ ụzọ ámá nke Obí Nnwere Onwe.<ref name="Becker"/>: 236–7  Mgbe ọ na-akọ akụkọ banyere Agha Obodo Lebanọn n'afọ 1976, ọ malitere mmekọrịta ya na onye nta akụkọ Agence France-Presse bụ́ Bernard Estrade. E zigara Estrade na Hanoi, na 1980, Leroy nọrọ ọnwa abụọ na-agagharị na mba ahụ na-ese foto maka ncheta afọ ise nke njedebe agha ahụ. Site na 1977 ruo 1986, ọ kọrọ akụkọ esemokwu dị na Northern Ireland, Cyprus, Somalia, Afghanistan, Iraq, Iran na Libya maka ''oge'' na-akwụsị ise foto agha na mbido afọ 1990.<ref name="Becker"/>: 240  Leroy rere ọrụ ya na mbụ nye United Press International na Associated Press, ma mechaa rụọ ọrụ na Sipa Press na Gamma. Na 1983, Leroy so dee akwụkwọ bụ́ ''God Cried'', gbasara mwakpo ndị agha Izrel wakporo West Beirut n'oge Agha Lebanon nke 1982.<ref name="Ind-obit"/> == Ịla ezumike nká == O bi na Hotel Chelsea na ngwụcha afọ 1980.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chelseahotelblog.com/living_with_legends_the_h/2006/07/catherine_leroy.html|title=Catherine Leroy: 1946 - 2006|author=Hamilton, Ed|date=12 July 2006|work=Hotel Chelsea Blog|publisher=Living with Legends: Hotel Chelsea Blog, The Last Outpost of Bohemia|accessdate=28 September 2017}}</ref> Mgbe o mechara, ọ hiwere ma na-achịkwa ụlọ ahịa uwe ochie, ''Piece Unique'', nke nwere weebụsaịtị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.fashionmission.nl/Online-Shopping-Vintage--Piece-Unique--0002300007.dfs|title=Piece Unique &#124; Catherine Leroy &#124; PieceUnique - Fashionmission|accessdate=2010-01-04|archivedate=2022-03-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220313114312/http://www.fashionmission.nl/Online-Shopping-Vintage--Piece-Unique--0002300007.dfs}}</ref> Piece Unique nwekwara ụlọ ngosi ihe osise dị n'ịntanetị nke Agha Vietnam, nke akpọrọ "Under Fire: Images From Vietnam".<ref name="LAT-021208"/> Na 2005, ''Paris-Match'' zigara ya [[Arizona]] maka nzukọ ọzọ ya na Vernon Wike n'ihe ga-abụ ọrụ ikpeazụ ya maka foto.<ref name="Becker"/>:241<ref>{{Cite news|work=Paris-Match|title=Vietnam : quand les fantômes de la guerre s'invitent à la maison|date=27 June 2018|url=https://www.parismatch.com/Actu/International/Vietnam-quand-les-fantomes-de-la-guerre-s-invitent-a-la-maison-1546916}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na Santa Monica, [[California]], otu izu ka a chọpụtara na ọ nwere kansa akpa ume.<ref name="Becker"/>:241  == Ihe nrite == Leroy meriri ọtụtụ ihe nrite maka ọrụ ya, gụnyere nime afọ 1967 ihe nrite George Polk, Foto nke Afọ, The Sigma Delta Chi, na The Art Director's Club nke New York. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ natara ihe nrite Robert Capa Gold Medal - "akụkọ foto kacha mma ebipụtara site na mba ofesi nke chọrọ obi ike na azụmaahịa pụrụ iche" - maka akụkọ agha obodo Lebanon, n'afọ 1976.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/news/2006/07/leroy.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113143730/http://www.nppa.org/news_and_events/news/2006/07/leroy.html|author=Winslow, Donald R.|title=Vietnam War Photojournalist Catherine Leroy, 60|publisher=National Press Photographers Association|date=July 11, 2006|accessdate=28 September 2017|archivedate=13 January 2010}}</ref> Na 1997, ọ natara ihe nrite nsọpụrụ maka ọrụ dị ịrịba ama na akụkọ nta akụkọ site na Mahadum Missouri. == Ọrụ == * Catherine Leroy, ed. (2005). ''Under fire: ndị na-ese foto na ndị edemede dị ukwuu na Vietnam''. Random House. * Tony Clifton; Catherine Leroy (1983). ''God Cried''. Akwụkwọ Quartet. == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * "Catherine Leroy Remembered", Contact Press Images, July 2006naỤgbọ Mmiri Wayback (nke e debere n'April 17, 2015) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715104516/http://stateoftheart.popphoto.com/blog/2007/03/a_tribute_to_ca.html "A Tribute to Catherine Leroy", American Photo, March 22, 2007] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725051509/http://www.zoiiebeanpictures.com/catherine.html "Catherine Leroy 1945-2006", ''Zoiie Bean''] * {{IMDb name|0503736}} === Ebe a na-ese ihe n'ịntanetị === * {{Cite web|url=http://www.pieceuniquegallery.com/leroy/cl_gallery.html|title=Catherine Leroy Gallery|author=Leroy, Catherine|date=2002|publisher=Piece Unique|accessdate=28 September 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20020720032425/http://www.pieceuniquegallery.com/leroy/cl_gallery.html|archivedate=20 July 2002}} {{Authority control (arts)}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Leroy, Catherine}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] o4yitxiqwg0uv5tfa1jmowrylpytvan 0 75966 654165 638771 2026-06-06T19:47:43Z Wikipedian12512(alt) 61413 ce 654165 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Anne-Marie Thérèse Fontaine''' (23 August 1938 - 23 May 2025), nke a maara site na aha edemede ya bụ '''Anne Cheynet''', bụ onye edemede French na Réunion. A na-ewere ọrụ ya nke afọ 1977 Les Muselés [fr] dị ka onyinye dị ịrịba ama na Akwụkwọ Réunion, dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ a kpọrọ "Réunionnais".<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Nicole, Rose-May.|title=Noirs, cafres et créoles : études de la représentation du non blanc réunionnais : documents et littératures réunionnaises 1710-1980|date=1996|publisher=L'Harmattan|isbn=2-7384-4615-9|location=Paris|oclc=36876288}}</ref> == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Anne-Marie Thérèse Fontaine na Saint-Denis, Réunion, na 1938, ma biri na nwata ya n'ógbè Saint-François nke obodo ahụ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2010|title=Anne Cheynet, 5 Questions pour Île en île|url=http://ile-en-ile.org/anne-cheynet-5-questions-pour-ile-en-ile/|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Île en île|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Ọ gara Aix-en-Provence iji mụọ ihe na 1956, nọrọ na mba ọzọ ruo 1963.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=4 August 2004|title=Anne Cheynet|url=http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Île en île|language=fr-FR}}</ref> Mgbe ọ laghachiri n'agwaetiti ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị tupu ọ tinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. O mechara laghachi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ dịka onye nkụzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=4 August 2004|title=Anne Cheynet|url=http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Île en île|language=fr-FR}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/ "Anne Cheynet"]. ''Île en île'' (in French). 4 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> O bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya, nchịkọta uri Matanans et Langoutis, na 1972, wee bipụta akwụkwọ ya a ma ama, akwụkwọ akụkọ Les Muselés, nke a na-ewere dị ka akwụkwọ mbụ a kpọrọ "akwụkwọ akụkọ Réunionnais." <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Nicole, Rose-May.|title=Noirs, cafres et créoles : études de la représentation du non blanc réunionnais : documents et littératures réunionnaises 1710-1980|date=1996|publisher=L'Harmattan|isbn=2-7384-4615-9|location=Paris|oclc=36876288}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNicole,_Rose-May.1996">Nicole, Rose-May. (1996). ''Noirs, cafres et créoles : études de la représentation du non blanc réunionnais : documents et littératures réunionnaises 1710-1980''. Paris: L'Harmattan. [[ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/2-7384-4615-9|<bdi>2-7384-4615-9</bdi>]]. [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36876288 36876288].</cite></ref> Akwụkwọ akụkọ a, nke nwere onye na-akwado echiche ya, lekwasịrị anya na ndụ ndị ogbenye na Réunion. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=9 December 2010|title=Anne Cheynet, 5 Questions pour Île en île|url=http://ile-en-ile.org/anne-cheynet-5-questions-pour-ile-en-ile/|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Île en île|language=fr-FR}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ile-en-ile.org/anne-cheynet-5-questions-pour-ile-en-ile/ "Anne Cheynet, 5 Questions pour Île en île"]. ''Île en île'' (in French). 9 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The New Oxford companion to literature in French|date=1995|publisher=Clarendon Press|others=France, Peter, 1935-|isbn=978-0-19-173500-4|location=Oxford|pages=|chapter=Cheynet, Anne|oclc=223174819}}</ref> Cheynet, onye si n'ezinụlọ ndị ọcha dara ogbenye, ji ahụmịhe ya nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ n'oge ọchịchị obodo ahụ mee ihe.<ref name=":1" /> Anne Cheynet mechara bipụta ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere nchịkọta uri Ter tout' kouler na nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi Rivages maouls. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=4 August 2004|title=Anne Cheynet|url=http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Île en île|language=fr-FR}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/ "Anne Cheynet"]. ''Île en île'' (in French). 4 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> N'afọ 2022, o weputara nchịkọta akụkọ asụsụ abụọ nke Claire Ruiz, La clé dans zot poche: Histoires semées depuis le Grand Sentier gosipụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=|title=La clé dans zot poche - Histoires semées depuis le Grand Sentier|url=https://www.la-reunion-des-livres.re/ouvrage/la-cle-dans-zot-poche/|accessdate=23 April 2024|work=La Réunion des Livres|language=fr-FR}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 2001 na 2004, o mepụtara CD atọ nke egwu ya [[Oral storytelling|Akụkọ ọnụ]]. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=4 August 2004|title=Anne Cheynet|url=http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Île en île|language=fr-FR}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/ "Anne Cheynet"]. ''Île en île'' (in French). 4 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> O dere na [[Asụsụ French|French]] na Creole.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=4 August 2004|title=Anne Cheynet|url=http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/|accessdate=3 February 2021|work=Île en île|language=fr-FR}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ile-en-ile.org/cheynet/ "Anne Cheynet"]. ''Île en île'' (in French). 4 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)]]</ref> Cheynet nwụrụ na 23 Mee 2025, mgbe ọ dị afọ 86. <ref>{{Cite web|date=23 May 2025|title=Écrivaine et militante, la Réunionnaise Anne Cheynet est décédée|url=https://imazpress.com/actus-reunion/-crivaine-et-militante-la-reunionnaise-anne-cheynet-est-decedee|accessdate=23 May 2025|work=Imaz Press|language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=23 May 2025|title=Au nom des muselés, disparition de l'écrivaine Anne Cheynet|url=https://www.lequotidien.re/article/culture/2025/05/23/disparition-danne-cheynet-au-nom-des-museles|accessdate=23 May 2025|work=Le Quotidien|language=fr}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == * ''Matanans na Langoutis'' (abụ uri), 1972 * Les Muselés (akwụkwọ akụkọ), L'Harmattan, 1977 * Ter tout' kouler: Abụ maka ala multicolore (abụ), vol. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * Rivages maouls: histoires d'Annabelle (autobiographical), Vol. 1, Oké Osimiri, 1994 * ''Isi ihe dị n'akpa uwe: Akụkọ ndị a kụrụ site na Grand Sentier'' (akụkọ), mbipụta Poisson Rouge, 2022 == Edensibia == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Anne Cheynetdiski naDiscogs * [http://ile-en-ile.org/anne-cheynet-5-questions-pour-ile-en-ile/ Ajụjụ ọnụ na Anne Cheynet] (n'asụsụ French) {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Cheynet, Anne}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] sfhnnke703rtp92g8uxu8xpa4y1zurw 0 76004 654194 639009 2026-06-06T23:11:56Z Anastesia chi 23720 Improved article 654194 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|6.143207|6.956945}} '''Abacha''' ''{{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Abacha.wav|{Mkpọpụta<nowiki>}</nowiki>}}'' bụ obodo dị na Anambra Steeti na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] . Ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo iri dị na Idemili North ma dị n'ime Anambra Central Senatorial Zone. Ndị bi ebe ahụ bụ ndị [[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]], obodo ahụ na Abatete, Nimo, [[Oraukwu, Anambra|Oraukwu]], na Eziowelle nwere ókèala. == Ebe na ala == Abacha bụ obodo dị na mpaghara ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa, n'ime mpaghara ọchịchị ime obodo Idemili North nke steeti Anambra. Ọ na-eketa ókèala ya na obodo Abatete, Nimo, Oraukwu, na Eziowelle, nke mere ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime obodo iri dị na Idemili North. Abacha na-adakwa na mpaghara ndị omeiwu etiti Anambra. Ndị bi n'obodo ahụ bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Igbo, bụ ndị si n'agbụrụ Igbo buru ibu nke ọwụwa anyanwụ Naịjirịa. === Nkewa ọchịchị === Abacha nwere obodo nta ise a ma ama: # [[Umudike|Umudisi]] # Umuazu # Umuokpolonwu # Umuekpeli # Ugwuma Obodo Umuokpolonwu kewara n'ime obere obodo abụọ: Umunneora na Umuaribo. == Ịdu == E chiri Chief Nwabunwanne Godwin Odiegwu okpueze.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-08-25|title=Another Anambra community disowns suspended Monarch over Abuja trip|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/08/another-anambra-community-disowns-suspended-monarch-over-abuja-trip/|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-11-01|title=Anambra community boils over plot to appoint acting Igwe|url=https://guardian.ng/news/anambra-community-boils-over-plot-to-appoint-acting-igwe/|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Ezedioramma Ikendim Abachaleku III, Igwe (Eze) nke Abacha na Jenụwarị 9, 2021,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Abacha Development Union In North America Honours New Traditional Ruler Igwe Odiegwu, Traditional Prime Minister Omofia|url=https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/04/20/abacha-development-union-in-north-america-honours-new-traditional-ruler-igwe-odiegwu-traditional-prime-minister-omofia/|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=Heartbeat Of The East|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129215028/https://www.absradiotv.com/2021/04/20/abacha-development-union-in-north-america-honours-new-traditional-ruler-igwe-odiegwu-traditional-prime-minister-omofia/}}</ref> mgbe Ọchịchị [[Willie Obiano]] chụpụrụ onye bu ya ụzọ, Igwe Godwin Chuba Mbakwe, ọ bụ ezie na okwu ahụ ka nọ n'ụlọ ikpe nke ikike iji chọpụta iwu ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ ọzọ nke ihe Ọchịchị willie Obiano mere n'oge ahụ; Ndi Anambra kwuru na ọ bụ Gọvanọ kachasị njọ mgbe Chinw Mbadinuju gasịrị, na 2020 == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} kg6ambqn7hn9uho43844g52aqwvgwk0 0 76357 654253 652651 2026-06-07T07:40:32Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654253 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}'''Oboama''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa-Oboama.wav|Listen}} Ezinihitte Mbaise bụ obodo nna ochie nke ndị Ezinihitte Mbaise nke Imo Steeti, na ọdịda anyanwụ nke Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Oboama Community Seeks Govt's Assistance|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201105090924.html|work=[[Independent Nigeria|Daily Independent]]|date=8 May 2011|accessdate=22 October 2012}}</ref> Akụkọ ihe mere eme n'oge ochie nke Ezinihitte kwenyere na e kere ụwa gburugburu ahịa Orie Ukwu dị na Umunama mana a na-akpọ ahịa ahụ Orie Ukwu Oboama / Umunama ma ebe ahịa ahụ nọkwasịrị bụ n'ala Umuanama. Obodo ndị a mebere obodo ndị nọ na Ezinihitte (Oboama, Umunama, Ife na Owutu, Akpoku na Umudim, Ihitte, Umuchoko na Umueze, Eziagbogu, Okpuofe, Amaumara, Itu, Eziudo, Onicha, Udo na Obizi). Oboama nwere obodo iri na otu gụnyere: Umuekwere, Umuohii, Umuatum (na-emebe Amato), Umuogwogwo, Umuosehi, Umuodoko, Umuozuzu, Ogbor (na-emepụta Umuasha), Nru, Umunehi na Umualika (na-emebe Umueze). Eze na-achị Oboama Ezinihitte Mbaise ugbua bụ Eze Juluis Amaefule. Oboama bụ obodo ama ama maka otu n'agba egwu a na-akpọ Abigbo. Ọ gbasaala gburugburu mpaghara Mbaise nke Imo steeti na ọdịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Naijiria.. == Edensibịa == p0w1v7twlw858fwzc0eo8l1xgbzq67c 0 76364 654161 652664 2026-06-06T19:23:30Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ochicha Obike | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[Village]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|5.5841|N|7.1386|E|type:city_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Imo State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Ngor Okpala]] | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = Metric | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | area_code_type = | iso_code = | blank_name = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] | website = | footnotes = }} '''Ochicha''' <nowiki>''</nowiki><nowiki>{{Audio|file name|('LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa-Ochicha.wav)}}</nowiki><nowiki>''</nowiki> '''Obike''' bụ otu n'ime obodo asatọ dị n'ime Obike, nke dị na mpaghara [[Ngor Okpala]] nke steeti Imo, Naijiria.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị aghọtahiela aha a bụ "Ochicha", ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo na-ejikọta ya na okwu "ọchịcha." " N'[[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Asụsụ Igbo]], Otú ọ dị, ihe okwu pụtara nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere na ntụgharị ụda.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Mgbe a na-akpọ "Ọchịcha" (ala, elu, ụda etiti), ọ nwere ike ịpụta "ọchịcha," ma akpọ ya "Ochicha" (ala, elu, ụda dị elu), ọ sụgharịrị dị ka "ịdị ọcha." N'ihi ya, a na-atụgharịkarị aha obodo ka ọ pụtara "ịdị ọcha" n'ọnọdụ ya..<ref name="s436" /> Otu ihe omume pụtara ìhè n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na obodo ahụ mere na Septemba 20, 1992, mgbe a kọrọ na ndị obodo ahụ tụgharịrị uche n'ụzọ ime mmụọ site n'omume ọdịnala gaa na mgbanwe okpukpe.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Mgbanwe a, nke a kọwara n'okwu okpukpe, bụ mgbanwe n'ụzọ ndị obodo si ele ihe gbasara mpaghara na ọnọdụ ime mmụọ anya<ref name="s436" /> Na mbụ na Septemba 1992, oge dị egwu nke ọnwụ enweghị nkọwa butere nnukwu nnọkọ nke ndị obodo na ogige ahịa Nkwo-Ala Ochicha. Ozi onye na-eti mkpu n’ime obodo, nke e ziri n’ụtụtụ Septemba 7, kpaliri ndị obodo ịgbakọta, na-enwe nchegbu maka ọnọdụ pụrụ iche ha na-eche ihu.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Obodo nta a nwekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke esemokwu metụtara ụbọchị ahịa Nkwoahiadike dị nsọ. Esemokwu ya na obodo [[Umueme]] dị nso gbasiri ike mgbe e gburu otu nwoke si Umueme n'ụbọchị Nkwo dị nsọ. <ref name="i751">{{Cite book|author=Anoje-Eke|first=J.|title=Obike: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow : in Remembrance of My Priestly Silver Jubilee|publisher=Snaap Press|year=2002|isbn=978-978-049-138-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ao0uAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Na nzaghachi, Ochicha wepụtara otu nwoke dịka ihe eji achụ àjàonye iji dobe chi Nkwoahiadike ka ọ dị jụụ, omume a na-akpọ "Ikenye Madu". <ref name="i751" /> E mere àjà ahụ n'ọgbọ ahịa, e wee wụsa ọbara onye ahụ n'ebe nchụàjà nke arụsị ahụ. <ref name="i751" /> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] lfvtcm4a4fq25jz083hq8sewbryq6pg 654254 654161 2026-06-07T07:52:49Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654254 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ochicha Obike | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[Village]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|5.5841|N|7.1386|E|type:city_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Imo State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Ngor Okpala]] | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = Metric | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | area_code_type = | iso_code = | blank_name = [[Tropical climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] | website = | footnotes = }} '''Ochicha''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa-Ochicha.wav|Listen}} '''Obike''' bụ otu n'ime obodo asatọ dị n'ime Obike, nke dị na mpaghara [[Ngor Okpala]] nke steeti Imo, Naijiria.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị aghọtahiela aha a bụ "Ochicha", ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo na-ejikọta ya na okwu "ọchịcha." " N'[[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Asụsụ Igbo]], Otú ọ dị, ihe okwu pụtara nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere na ntụgharị ụda.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Mgbe a na-akpọ "Ọchịcha" (ala, elu, ụda etiti), ọ nwere ike ịpụta "ọchịcha," ma akpọ ya "Ochicha" (ala, elu, ụda dị elu), ọ sụgharịrị dị ka "ịdị ọcha." N'ihi ya, a na-atụgharịkarị aha obodo ka ọ pụtara "ịdị ọcha" n'ọnọdụ ya..<ref name="s436" /> Otu ihe omume pụtara ìhè n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na obodo ahụ mere na Septemba 20, 1992, mgbe a kọrọ na ndị obodo ahụ tụgharịrị uche n'ụzọ ime mmụọ site n'omume ọdịnala gaa na mgbanwe okpukpe.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Mgbanwe a, nke a kọwara n'okwu okpukpe, bụ mgbanwe n'ụzọ ndị obodo si ele ihe gbasara mpaghara na ọnọdụ ime mmụọ anya<ref name="s436" /> Na mbụ na Septemba 1992, oge dị egwu nke ọnwụ enweghị nkọwa butere nnukwu nnọkọ nke ndị obodo na ogige ahịa Nkwo-Ala Ochicha. Ozi onye na-eti mkpu n’ime obodo, nke e ziri n’ụtụtụ Septemba 7, kpaliri ndị obodo ịgbakọta, na-enwe nchegbu maka ọnọdụ pụrụ iche ha na-eche ihu.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Obodo nta a nwekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke esemokwu metụtara ụbọchị ahịa Nkwoahiadike dị nsọ. Esemokwu ya na obodo [[Umueme]] dị nso gbasiri ike mgbe e gburu otu nwoke si Umueme n'ụbọchị Nkwo dị nsọ. <ref name="i751">{{Cite book|author=Anoje-Eke|first=J.|title=Obike: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow : in Remembrance of My Priestly Silver Jubilee|publisher=Snaap Press|year=2002|isbn=978-978-049-138-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ao0uAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Na nzaghachi, Ochicha wepụtara otu nwoke dịka ihe eji achụ àjàonye iji dobe chi Nkwoahiadike ka ọ dị jụụ, omume a na-akpọ "Ikenye Madu". <ref name="i751" /> E mere àjà ahụ n'ọgbọ ahịa, e wee wụsa ọbara onye ahụ n'ebe nchụàjà nke arụsị ahụ. <ref name="i751" /> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 55gmf5ijs1cfuomjopq6pm7239rwlce 654255 654254 2026-06-07T08:02:34Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654255 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Ochicha Obike | native_name = | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[Village]] | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | coordinates = {{coord|5.5841|N|7.1386|E|type:city_region:NG|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = Nigeria | subdivision_type1 = State | subdivision_name1 = [[Imo State]] | subdivision_type2 = Local Government Area | subdivision_name2 = [[Ngor Okpala]] | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = Metric | population_as_of = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = [[West Africa Time|WAT]] | utc_offset = +1 | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | area_code_type = | iso_code = | blank_name = [[Tropical climate classification|Climate]] | blank_info = [[Tropical savanna climate|Aw]] | website = | footnotes = }} '''Ochicha''' '''Obike''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa-Ochicha Obike.wav|Listen}} bụ otu n'ime obodo asatọ dị n'ime Obike, nke dị na mpaghara [[Ngor Okpala]] nke steeti Imo, Naijiria.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị aghọtahiela aha a bụ "Ochicha", ebe ndị na-abụghị ndị obodo na-ejikọta ya na okwu "ọchịcha." " N'[[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Asụsụ Igbo]], Otú ọ dị, ihe okwu pụtara nwere ike ịdịgasị iche dabere na ntụgharị ụda.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Mgbe a na-akpọ "Ọchịcha" (ala, elu, ụda etiti), ọ nwere ike ịpụta "ọchịcha," ma akpọ ya "Ochicha" (ala, elu, ụda dị elu), ọ sụgharịrị dị ka "ịdị ọcha." N'ihi ya, a na-atụgharịkarị aha obodo ka ọ pụtara "ịdị ọcha" n'ọnọdụ ya..<ref name="s436" /> Otu ihe omume pụtara ìhè n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na obodo ahụ mere na Septemba 20, 1992, mgbe a kọrọ na ndị obodo ahụ tụgharịrị uche n'ụzọ ime mmụọ site n'omume ọdịnala gaa na mgbanwe okpukpe.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Mgbanwe a, nke a kọwara n'okwu okpukpe, bụ mgbanwe n'ụzọ ndị obodo si ele ihe gbasara mpaghara na ọnọdụ ime mmụọ anya<ref name="s436" /> Na mbụ na Septemba 1992, oge dị egwu nke ọnwụ enweghị nkọwa butere nnukwu nnọkọ nke ndị obodo na ogige ahịa Nkwo-Ala Ochicha. Ozi onye na-eti mkpu n’ime obodo, nke e ziri n’ụtụtụ Septemba 7, kpaliri ndị obodo ịgbakọta, na-enwe nchegbu maka ọnọdụ pụrụ iche ha na-eche ihu.<ref name="s436">{{Cite book|author=Nwaorgu|first=A.E.|title=Cultural Symbols: The Christian Perspective (les Symboles Culturels: la Perspective Du Christianisme)|publisher=T' Afrique International Association|year=2001|isbn=978-978-052-902-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iXoQAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Obodo nta a nwekwara akụkọ ihe mere eme nke esemokwu metụtara ụbọchị ahịa Nkwoahiadike dị nsọ. Esemokwu ya na obodo [[Umueme]] dị nso gbasiri ike mgbe e gburu otu nwoke si Umueme n'ụbọchị Nkwo dị nsọ. <ref name="i751">{{Cite book|author=Anoje-Eke|first=J.|title=Obike: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow : in Remembrance of My Priestly Silver Jubilee|publisher=Snaap Press|year=2002|isbn=978-978-049-138-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ao0uAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=2024-09-13}}</ref> Na nzaghachi, Ochicha wepụtara otu nwoke dịka ihe eji achụ àjàonye iji dobe chi Nkwoahiadike ka ọ dị jụụ, omume a na-akpọ "Ikenye Madu". <ref name="i751" /> E mere àjà ahụ n'ọgbọ ahịa, e wee wụsa ọbara onye ahụ n'ebe nchụàjà nke arụsị ahụ. <ref name="i751" /> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with short description]] cp6xh8ja2bu52sc1m0je4mucpiuasu9 0 76385 654200 653557 2026-06-07T00:16:44Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654200 wikitext text/x-wiki Ọganihu na-eto eto nke ịtụgharị na ibipụta ihe n’Ịntanet pụtara na e-zines (magazin eletrọnik) na blọgụ ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị n’ebe niile. Ọtụtụ ndị ode akwụkwọ onwe ha siri ike, tinyere òtù dị iche iche, chọpụtara na Ịntanet nyere ohere maka ịkekọrịta ozi na ibipụta edemede na vidio ndị na-egosi echiche ha n’ihu ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ ma ọ bụ hụ. Ịntanet gbanwere nke ukwuu ọdịnaya nke mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị (feminist movement) n’ụzọ na-eme ka ọ dị mfe isonye, gbanwee ụdị ngosi ya, na gbasaa ụdị okwu na nsogbu e na-elebara anya.  Ọganihu na-eto eto nke ịtụgharị na ibipụta ihe n’Ịntanet pụtara na e-zines (magazin eletrọnik) na blọgụ ghọrọ ihe a na-ahụkarị n’ebe niile. Ọtụtụ ndị ode akwụkwọ onwe ha siri ike, tinyere òtù dị iche iche, chọpụtara na Ịntanet nyere ohere maka ịkekọrịta ozi na ibipụta edemede na vidio ndị na-egosi echiche ha n’ihu ọtụtụ mmadụ nwere ike ịgụ ma ọ bụ hụ. Ịntanet gbanwere nke ukwuu ọdịnaya nke mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị (feminist movement) n’ụzọ na-eme ka ọ dị mfe isonye, gbanwee ụdị ngosi ya, na gbasaa ụdị okwu na nsogbu e na-elebara anya. Ebumnuche nke ụmụ nwanyị bụ ịkọwa, guzobe, na ịgbachitere ọnọdụ nke ikike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, ọdịbendị, na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka ụmụ nwanyị. O nweela mmetụta dị ukwuu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feminism|title=Feminism – Definition and More from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary|publisher=merriam-webster.com|accessdate=12 June 2011|archivedate=22 November 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122141447/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/feminism}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/feminism|title=Definition of feminism noun from Cambridge Dictionary Online: Free English Dictionary and Thesaurus|publisher=dictionary.cambridge.org|accessdate=12 June 2011|archivedate=29 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150529000929/http://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/british/feminism}}</ref> A na-ekewa ụmụ nwanyị na United States n'usoro oge n'ime ụmụ nwanyị nke mbụ, nke abụọ, nke atọ, na nke anọ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://womenshistory.answers.com/feminism/what-are-the-three-waves-of-feminism|title=What Are the Three Waves of Feminism?|accessdate=June 30, 2014|work=Answers|author=Engel|first=Kerilynn|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714235238/http://womenshistory.answers.com/feminism/what-are-the-three-waves-of-feminism|archivedate=July 14, 2014}}</ref><ref name="4thWave-Guardian20131210">{{Cite news|author=Cochrane|first=Kira|authorlink=Kira Cochrane|title=The Fourth Wave of Feminism: Meet the Rebel Women|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/10/fourth-wave-feminism-rebel-women|work=The Guardian|date=10 December 2013|accessdate=9 February 2018}}</ref> == Usoro iheomume == === Ugboro mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị === Ugboro mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị na United States malitere na Seneca Falls Convention, mgbakọ mbụ nke ikike ụmụ nwanyị, nke emere na Wesleyan Chapel na Seneva Falls, New York, na July 19 na 20, 1848. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EoJrHDirVQUC&pg=PA12|title=Encyclopedia of women and religion ... – Google Books|accessdate=June 29, 2011|isbn=9780253346865|year=2006|author=Keller|first=Rosemary Skinner|publisher=Indiana University Press}}</ref> Nzukọ Seneca Falls sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ahụmahụ Elizabeth Cady Stanton na Lucretia Mott na World Anti-Slavery Convention na London na 1840. Nzukọ ahụ jụrụ ịnọdụ Mott na ndị nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ si America n'ihi okike ha.<ref name="npg.si.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm|title=seneca falls|publisher=Npg.si.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709072000/http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm|archivedate=July 9, 2011}}</ref> "Stanton, nwunye ọhụrụ nke otu onye nnọchi anya na-alụso ịgba ohu ọgụ, na Mott, onye nkwusa Quaker na onye nwere ogologo ahụmahụ n’ọrụ mgbanwe ọha mmadụ, kparịtara maka ịkpọkọta ọgbakọ ga-atụle ọnọdụ na otu e si emeso ụmụ nwanyị."<ref name="npg.si.edu" /> A na-eme atụmatụ na narị mmadụ atọ gara mgbakọ ahụ, gụnyere ndị ama ama Lucretia Mott na Frederick Douglass. <ref name="npg.si.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm|title=seneca falls|publisher=Npg.si.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110709072000/http://www.npg.si.edu/col/seneca/senfalls1.htm|archivedate=July 9, 2011}}</ref> Na ngwụcha, ụmụ nwanyị 68 na ụmụ nwoke 32 bịanyere aka na Declaration of Sentiments, nke Elizabeth Cady Stanton na Ezinụlọ M'Clintock dere.<ref name="npg.si.edu" /> E dere nkwupụta nke mmetụta n'ụdị na usoro nke Nkwupụta nke Nnwere Onwe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, Declaration of Sentiments kwuru, sị: “Anyị na-ewere eziokwu ndị a dị ka nke na-apụta ìhè onwe ya, na a mụrụ mmadụ niile—ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị—ha nhata, ma Onye Okike ha nyere ha ụfọdụ ikike a na-apụghị iwepụ.”7 <ref name="rochester.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rochester.edu/SBA/suffrage_sba_ecs.html|title=The Susan B. Anthony Center for Women's Leadership :: Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton|publisher=Rochester.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628141406/http://rochester.edu/SBA/suffrage_sba_ecs.html|archivedate=June 28, 2011}}</ref> Nkwupụta ahụ gara n'ihu kwuo, "Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme banyere mmerụ ahụ ugboro ugboro na nnupụisi site n'aka nwoke n'ebe nwanyị nọ. "<ref name="rochester.edu" /> Nkwupụta ahụ gara n’ihu kọwaa mkpesa ụmụ nwanyị banyere iwu ndị na-agọnahụ ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di ikike inwe ma ọ bụ ijide ụgwọ ọrụ ha nwetara, ego ha, na akụnụba ha. A na-achọ ka ụmụ nwanyị nyefee ihe ndị a niile n’aka di ha; iwu ndị a nke na-arụ ọrụ n’ofe America n’oge ahụ ka a na-akpọ iwu coverture. A tụlekwa nsogbu nke enweghị ohere ụmụ nwanyị nwere nweta agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ọkachamara, nakwa ọnọdụ dị ala e nyere ụmụ nwanyị n’ọtụtụ ụka..<ref name="rochester.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rochester.edu/SBA/suffrage_sba_ecs.html|title=The Susan B. Anthony Center for Women's Leadership :: Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton|publisher=Rochester.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628141406/http://rochester.edu/SBA/suffrage_sba_ecs.html|archivedate=June 28, 2011}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, nkwupụta ahụ kwupụtara na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị inwe ikike ịtụ vootu.<ref name="rochester.edu" /> Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị sonyere na Seneca Falls Convention haziri Rochester Women's Rights Convention izu abụọ ka e mesịrị na August 2 na Rochester, New York.<ref name="nps.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nps.gov/wori/learn/historyculture/womens-rights-movement.htm|title=Women's Rights National Historical Park – Women's Rights Movement (U.S. National Park Service)|publisher=Nps.gov|date=August 17, 2010|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archivedate=December 29, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229055718/http://www.nps.gov/wori/historyculture/womens-rights-movement.htm}}</ref> Nzukọ ndị ọzọ nke steeti na mpaghara sochiri ya na Ohio, Pennsylvania, na New York.<ref name="nps.gov" /> E mere National Woman's Rights Convention nke mbụ na Worcester, Massachusetts na 1850. <ref name="nps.gov" /> A na-eme mgbakọ ikike ụmụ nwanyị mgbe niile site na 1850 ruo mgbe Agha Obodo malitere. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html|title=Legacy '98: A Short History of the Movement|publisher=Legacy98.org|date=September 19, 2001|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713081500/http://www.legacy98.org/move-hist.html|archivedate=July 13, 2011}}</ref> Nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị America malitere na 1848 Seneca Falls Convention; ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe ghọrọ ndị maara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'oge mmegide abolitionist. A haziri òtù ahụ mgbe Agha Obodo gasịrị, na-enweta ndị na-eme mkpọsa nwere ahụmịhe, ọtụtụ n'ime ha rụrụ ọrụ maka mmachibido iwu na Women's Christian Temperance Union. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụcha narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, ọ bụ naanị steeti ole na ole dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịtụ vootu zuru oke, ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwanyị enweela mmeri ndị ọzọ dị mkpa n'iwu, na-enweta ikike n'ebe ndị dị ka ihe onwunwe na nlekọta ụmụaka. N'afọ 1866, Elizabeth Cady Stanton na Susan B. Anthony guzobere American Equal Rights Association, otu maka ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ikom ọcha na ndị isi ojii raara onwe ha nye ebumnuche nke ikike nhọpụta maka mmadụ niile.<ref name="memory.loc.gov">{{Cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawstime.html|title=Votes for Women: Timeline|publisher=Memory.loc.gov|date=August 26, 1920|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archivedate=August 14, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814182559/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawstime.html}}</ref> N'afọ 1868, e mere Ndezigharị nke Iri na Anọ, nke a bụ Ndezigharị mbụ iji kọwaa ndị na-eme ntụli aka dị ka "nwoke".<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> N'afọ 1869, òtù na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị kewara n'ime òtù abụọ n'ihi enweghị nkwekọrịta banyere Ndezigharị nke Iri na Anọ na nke a ga-eme n'oge na-adịghị anya, ebe akụkụ abụọ ahụ na-agbakọtaghị ruo n'afọ 1890.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> Elizabeth Cady Stanton na Susan B. Anthony guzobere otu National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) nke dị na New York. <ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, na Julia Ward Howe haziri American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), nke dị na Boston.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> N'afọ 1870, Ndezigharị nke Iri na Ise nyere ndị isi ojii ikike.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> NWSA jụrụ ịrụ ọrụ maka nkwado ya, na-arụ ụka, kama nke ahụ, na a ga-ewepụ ya maka Ndezigharị nke Iri na Isii na-enye ikike ntụli aka zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> Frederick Douglass kewapụrụ Stanton na Anthony n'ihi ọnọdụ NWSA.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> N'afọ 1869, Wyoming ghọrọ mpaghara ma ọ bụ steeti mbụ na America nyere ụmụ nwanyị ikike ntuli aka (suffrage).. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/wyoming-grants-women-the-vote|title=Wyoming grants women the vote — History.com This Day in History — 12/10/1869<!-- Bot generated title -->|date=16 November 2009|accessdate=2014-07-11|archivedate=2021-03-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328030802/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/wyoming-grants-women-the-vote}}</ref> N'afọ 1870, Louisa Ann Swain ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ na United States na-atụ vootu na ntuli aka. Ọ tụbara vootu ya na Septemba 6, 1870, na Laramie, Wyoming.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Women vote in the West: the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1869–1896|first=Beverly|author=Beeton|publisher=[[Garland Science]]|location=New York|year=1986|isbn=978-0-8240-8251-2}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Women and museums: a comprehensive guide|first=Victor J.|author=Danilov|publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield|AltaMira Press]]|location=Lanham, MD|year=2005|isbn=978-0-7591-0854-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4AWmyJvZwkwC&pg=PA68}}</ref> Site na 1870 ruo 1875 ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị, gụnyere Virginia Louisa Minor, Victoria Woodhull, na Myra Bradwell, Ha gbalịrị iji Ndezigharị Iwu nke Iri na Anọ (Fourteenth Amendment) n’ụlọikpe nweta ikike ntuli aka (dịka Minor na Woodhull) ma ọ bụ ikike ịrụ ọrụ iwu dịka ọka iwu (dịka Bradwell), ma mbọ ha niile dara n’ala ma ọ gaghị nke ọma.<ref name="memory.loc.gov">{{Cite web|url=http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawstime.html|title=Votes for Women: Timeline|publisher=Memory.loc.gov|date=August 26, 1920|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archivedate=August 14, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170814182559/http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/naw/nawstime.html}}</ref> N'afọ 1872, e jidere Susan B. Anthony ma kpụpụ ya n'ụlọ ikpe na Rochester, New York, maka ịnwa ịtụ vootu maka Ulysses S. Grant na ntuli aka onye isi ala; a mara ya ikpe ma kwụọ ya $ 100 na ụgwọ ikpe ya mana ọ jụrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /><ref>{{Cite web|first=Doug|author=Linder|url=http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/anthony/timeline.html|title=The Susan B. Anthony Trial: A Chronology|publisher=Law.umkc.edu|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101021125832/http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/anthony/timeline.html|archivedate=October 21, 2010}}</ref> N'otu oge ahụ, Sojourner Truth pụtara n'ụlọ ntuli aka na Battle Creek, Michigan, na-achọ ka a tie vootu; a jụrụ ya.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> Ọzọkwa na 1872, Victoria Woodhull ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ gbara ọsọ maka onye isi ala, ọ bụ ezie na ọ pụghị ịtụ vootu ma nweta naanị vootu ole na ole, Ulysses S. Grant meriri ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/may06/women.html|title=The LOC.GOV Wise Guide : The First Woman to Run for President ... 50 Years Ago?|publisher=Loc.gov|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archivedate=June 27, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627025242/http://www.loc.gov/wiseguide/may06/women.html}}</ref> Ọ bụ ndị Equal Rights Party họpụtara ya ka ọ na-agba ọsọ, ma na-akwado Ụbọchị ọrụ awa asatọ, ụtụ isi ego gụsịrị akwụkwọ, mmemme ọdịmma ọha na eze, na ịkekọrịta uru, n'etiti ọkwa ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://victoria-woodhull.com/whoisvw.htm|title=Who Is Victoria Woodhull?|publisher=Victoria-woodhull.com|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archivedate=July 17, 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717195509/http://victoria-woodhull.com/whoisvw.htm}}</ref> N'afọ 1874, Annie Wittenmyer guzobere Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) iji rụọ ọrụ maka mmachibido iwu nke mmanya; na [[Frances Willard]] n'isi ya (malite na 1876), WCTU ghọkwara ikike dị mkpa n'ọgụ maka ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> N'afọ 1878, e bu ụzọ webata mgbanwe nke ụmụ nwanyị na United States Congress, mana ọ gafere. <ref name="memory.loc.gov" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/amendment_19/|title=Featured Document: The 19th Amendment|publisher=Archives.gov|accessdate=June 29, 2011|archivedate=December 18, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121218110250/http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/amendment_19/}}</ref> N'afọ 1920, a kwadoro Ndezigharị nke Iri na itoolu, na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịtụ vootu; a na-ewere na mmeri ahụ kwụsịrị usoro mbụ nke ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://womenshistory.answers.com/feminism/what-are-the-three-waves-of-feminism|title=What Are the Three Waves of Feminism?|accessdate=June 30, 2014|work=Answers|author=Engel|first=Kerilynn|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714235238/http://womenshistory.answers.com/feminism/what-are-the-three-waves-of-feminism|archivedate=July 14, 2014}}</ref> Margaret Higgins Sanger, Ọ bụ otu n’ime ndị mbụ n’America kwadoro ma kwalite iji usoro mgbochi ime (birth control). Ọ bụkwa onye nkuzi gbasara mmekọahụ, onye odee, na nọọsụ. Ọ mere ka okwu “birth control” (mgbochi ime) bụrụ nke a ma ama, mepee ụlọ ọgwụ mbụ maka mgbochi ime na United States n’afọ 1916, ma guzobe òtù dị iche iche nke mechara bụrụ ihe ndabere nke ha. Planned Parenthood Federation of America. Na 4 June 1919, United States Congress weputara Ndezigharị nke iri na itoolu na iwu US, na-enye ụmụ nwanyị ikike ịtụ vootu. A kwadoro ya na 18 Ọgọst 1920, na-egosi ihe dị ịrịba ama na nnọchite anya nhata maka ụmụ nwanyị na gọọmentị. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-21|title=19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Women's Right to Vote (1920)|url=https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/19th-amendment|accessdate=2025-11-13|work=National Archives|language=en}}</ref> ==== Nkwado ụmụ nwanyị mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị ==== Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ dugara na mmụba nke ụmụ nwanyị n'ime ndị ọrụ ma mee ka ụmụ nwanyị rụọ ọrụ na-enweta ego n'ebe ụmụ nwoke na-arụkarị.<ref name=":7" /> Site na 1940 ruo 1945, ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọrụ si na 28% ruo 37%.<ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=How World War II Empowered Women|url=https://www.history.com/news/how-world-war-ii-empowered-women|accessdate=2020-10-19|work=www.history.com|date=2 July 2018|archivedate=2020-10-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201018013831/https://www.history.com/news/how-world-war-ii-empowered-women}}</ref> Enweghị ụmụ nwoke n'ụlọ mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ: ka ọ na-erule 1943, otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ Boeing na Seattle bụ ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Wayne|first=Tiffany|title=Women's Rights in the United States: A comprehensive encyclopedia of issues, events and people|publisher=ABC-CLIO, LLC|year=2019|isbn=9781610692151|location=Santa Barbara|pages=33–343}}</ref> Dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme Jane Marcellus si kwuo, ụmụ nwanyị nwere mgbanwe a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ na otuto ọha na eze, ebe a na-aja ha mma dị ka ndị nwere ikike na ọgụgụ isi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Marcellus|first=Jane|date=2005|title=Bo's'n's Whistle': Representing "Rosie the Riveter" on the Job|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08821127.2005.10677641|journal=American Journalism|volume=22|issue=2|pages=83–108|doi=10.1080/08821127.2005.10677641|accessdate=2020-10-19}}</ref> A na-egosipụta nke a na mgbasa ozi dịka Rosie the Riveter's 'We Can Do It!' Slogan na 1941 okike nke Wonder Woman.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Honey|first=Maureen|title=Creating Rosie the Riveter: class, gender, and propaganda during World War II|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|year=2003|isbn=1-122-05179-4|location=Amherst|pages=83–108}}</ref> Mbata ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụmụ nwanyị n’ọrụ na otu ụlọ mgbasa ozi si gosipụta ha n’ụzọ ọma mere ka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị hụ na e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ ndụ na ọrụ ha nwere ike ịhọrọ karịa ịbụ naanị nwunye na-elekọta ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, nkọwa a dị mkpirikpi nke ike ụmụ nwanyị bụ naanị ya ma ọ bụghị na ebumnuche ya ka ọ bụrụ nke na-adịte aka. Ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara bụ ndị ikpeazụ a ga-atụle maka ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-akwụ ụgwọ dị elu. Ụmụ nwanyị Africa America nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ maka $ 3- $ 7 kwa izu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na-enweta ihe ruru $ 40 kwa izu na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Mullenbach|first=Cheryl|title=Double Victory: How African American Women Broke Race and Gender Barriers to Help Win World War II|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-56976-808-2|location=Chicago|pages=5–38}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, mgbasa ozi dị ka Rosie the Riveter gosipụtara echiche dị mkpirikpi banyere ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ: ndị ọcha, ndị mara mma, na ndị na-akpali ịhụ mba n'anya karịa mkpa akụ na ụba.<ref name=":2">{{Cite book|author=Honey|first=Maureen|title=Creating Rosie the Riveter: class, gender, and propaganda during World War II|publisher=University of Massachusetts Press|year=2003|isbn=1-122-05179-4|location=Amherst|pages=83–108}}</ref> Maka ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara na ụmụ nwanyị na'ọrụ, Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ agbanweghị ọnọdụ akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ nke ọha mmadụ.<ref name=":2" /> Ọtụtụ n’ime ụmụ nwanyị sonyeere n’ọrụ laghachiri n’ọrụ ụlọ na ndụ ezinụlọ mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị. Akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ mgbasa ozi ebe ọrụ, dịka Bo'sn's Whistle, na-akọwakarị ụmụ nwanyị n’asụsụ metụtara mmekọahụ ma na-egosi ha dị ka ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe n’ebe ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke ụmụ nwoke na-achị.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Marcellus|first=Jane|date=2005|title=Bo's'n's Whistle': Representing "Rosie the Riveter" on the Job|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08821127.2005.10677641|journal=American Journalism|volume=22|issue=2|pages=83–108|doi=10.1080/08821127.2005.10677641|accessdate=2020-10-19}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, mgbe World War II kwụsịrị, Nzukọ Ndị Nwanyị America (Congress of American Women) nke afọ 1946, n'akwụkwọ ha kpọrọ “Position of the American Woman Today”, kwadoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị ojii na ụmụ nwanyị sitere n’otu agbụrụ nta ndị ọzọ. Mgbe ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na ụmụ nwanyị ojii rụkọrọ ọrụ ọnụ n’ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe n’oge agha ahụ, ụfọdụ akụkụ nke mmegharị feminism nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha malitere ịnakwere echiche nke ịtụle otu agbụrụ, okike, na ụdị nrụgide ndị ọzọ si emetụta ndụ mmadụ (intersectionality) n’oge sochirinụ mgbe Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị..<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Congress of American Women|date=2015|title=The Position of the American Woman Today|url=https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1899755|id={{ProQuest|1899755}}|journal=Women's Rights in the United States: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Issues, Events, and People|volume=3|pages=329–330}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Akwụkwọ na-arịwanye elu na-egosi na ọ nweghị ụgwọ ọnwa ogologo oge maka ụmụ nwanyị n'oge a. Otú ọ dị, mmụba na-arịwanye elu na ego na ọnọdụ ọha na eze nke ụmụ nwanyị na-acha ọbara ọbara mere n'oge 1940 nwere mmetụta ogologo oge na echiche ụmụ nwanyị. Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 1950, ọdịiche dị n'etiti ndị ọcha na ndị inyom Africa America ji pasent 15 belata.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bailey|first=Martha J.|date=September 2006|title=The Wage Gains of African-American Women in the 1940s|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-economic-history/article/wage-gains-of-africanamerican-women-in-the-1940s/7A546A6555D9EA160A97FCDD3CE2C823|journal=The Journal of Economic History|language=en|volume=66|issue=3|pages=737–777|doi=10.1017/S0022050706000313|issn=1471-6372}}</ref> Mmegide megide ọrụ ụlọ malitere ịpụta na ngwụcha afọ 1940 ka a na-agba ụmụ nwanyị ume ịghọ ndị inyom na-elekọta ụlọ. Edemede Edith Stern nke afọ 1949, "Ndị inyom bụ ndị ohu ezinụlọ", pụtara dị ka mmalite mmalite nke echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ. Stern kwuru na "ọ bụrụhaala na usoro nke nne ụlọ n'ụdị ya dị ugbu a na-aga n'ihu, ma n'echiche ma n'ụzọ ọ bụla ọ na-egbochi ezigbo nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị".<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|author=Stern|first=Edith|date=1949|title=Women are Household Slaves|url=https://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=1899755|journal=American Mercury|volume=68|pages=71–76|id={{ProQuest|1899755}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> O jiri ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị tụnyere nke ndị na-ekere òkè ma kwuo okwu megide enweghị afọ ojuju mmetụta uche na ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụ nwanyị America.<ref name=":4" /> Edemede Stern bụ otu n'ime arụmụka mbụ nke kwuru maka nnwere onwe ụmụ nwanyị n'ihe gbasara ụlọ. Otú ọ dị, afọ 1950 hụrụ nloghachi na ọrụ nwoke na nwanyị ọdịnala na ụkpụrụ. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ belatara site na 37% ruo 32% site na 1950 n'ihi na ụmụ nwanyị na - ahapụ ọrụ ha maka ụmụ nwoke na-alọta site na agha. Mgbasa ozi mekwara ka ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ n'ụlọ ike karịa ịgba ụmụ nwanyị ume ịrụ ọrụ dịka ọ dị naanị afọ iri gara aga. Ka ọ na-erule 1956, 67% nke ezinụlọ ndị America nwere telivishọn ma e jiri ya tụnyere naanị 6% na 1949.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2019.0005|doi=10.1353/jowh.2019.0005|title=Refashioning Feminism: American Vogue, the Second Wave, and the Transition to Postfeminism|year=2019|author=Lebovic|first=Anna|journal=Journal of Women's History|volume=31|pages=109–132}}</ref> Ihe odide ndị dị ka June Cleaver na "Leave it to Beaver" toro ihe odide ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị na-elekọta ụlọ n'okpuru nnukwu ndị na-ege ntị nke ụmụ nwanyị America. Otú ọ dị, dị ka Anna Lebovic si kwuo, magazin ụmụ nwanyị dị ka Vogue na 1950s guzobere ntọala maka ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ site n'ịkwado mmelite onwe onye na ọdịdị nke ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1353/jowh.2019.0005|doi=10.1353/jowh.2019.0005|title=Refashioning Feminism: American Vogue, the Second Wave, and the Transition to Postfeminism|year=2019|author=Lebovic|first=Anna|journal=Journal of Women's History|volume=31|pages=109–132}}</ref> N'otu aka ahụ, nnyocha e mere n'afọ 1951 banyere ụmụ nwanyị ndị rụburu ọrụ ma ọ bụ ka na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe (factory) gosiri na ụmụ nwanyị na-egosipụta iwe na enweghị afọ ojuju banyere ịkpa ókè n'ebe ọrụ. Karịsịa, pasent 75 kwuru na ha chọrọ ịnọgide na-arụ ọrụ n'ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ha ma gosipụta enweghị afọ ojuju na ọ na-esiri ha ike ịchụso ọrụ dịka nke ire ahịa (sales), agụmakwụkwọ mahadum (academia), ma ọ bụ nta akụkọ (journalism)..<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|author=Wayne|first=Tiffany|title=Women's Rights in the United States : A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Issues, Events, and People|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn=9781610692144|pages=339}}</ref> N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na a na-akọwa afọ 1950 dị ka nloghachi n'ụlọ maka ụmụ nwanyị, enwere ihe atụ na ụmụ nwanyị na-arụ ọrụ n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ setịpụrụ ọnọdụ maka oge nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 1960. Nzukọ kọleji na 1950s, nke kpaliri ihe ịrịba ama Betty Friedan "The Feminine Mystique" bụ ebe ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ọkwá dị n'etiti na-ekwu maka ike ọgwụgwụ ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ma site n'ime nke a na-achọpụta iwe ha na "ọgwụ ọjọọ" nke ịbụ onye na-elekọta ụlọ.<ref name=":6">{{Cite book|author=Wayne|first=Tiffany|title=Women's Rights in the United States : A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Issues, Events, and People|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2014|isbn=9781610692144|pages=339}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na afọ 1940 na 1950 emeghị ka e nwee ọganihu ọhụrụ nke ụmụ nwanyị ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị, oge a tọrọ ntọala maka echiche ụmụ nwanyị n'ọdịnihu.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|author=Mullenbach|first=Cheryl|title=Double Victory: How African American Women Broke Race and Gender Barriers to Help Win World War II|publisher=Chicago Review Press|year=2013|isbn=978-1-56976-808-2|location=Chicago|pages=5–38}}</ref> === Ugboro nke Abụọ nke Ụmụ nwanyị === Ugboro nke Abụọ nke Ụmụ nwanyị na United States malitere na mbido afọ 1960. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awoman.org/secondwave.html|title=Second Wave Feminist|date=Jan 2014|accessdate=June 30, 2014|work=Association of Women Professionals|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714215105/http://www.awoman.org/secondwave.html|archivedate=July 14, 2014}}</ref> N'ime ihe ka ukwuu n'afọ ndị 60 na njedebe n'afọ 1970, oge nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na-agbaso ụkpụrụ, "nke onwe bụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị". N'afọ 1963, Betty Friedan, nke The Second Sex metụtara, dere akwụkwọ kacha ere ahịa The Feminine Mystique nke o ji n'ụzọ doro anya megide onyinyo mgbasa ozi nke ụmụ nwanyị, na-ekwu na itinye ụmụ nwanyị n'ụlọ na-egbochi ohere ha, ma mebie nkà na ikike ha. O dere, onyinyo ezinụlọ zuru oke nke e gosipụtara ma na-ere ahịa n'oge ahụ, egosighi obi ụtọ ma na-emebi ụmụ nwanyị. A na-ekwu na akwụkwọ a malitere usoro nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na United States. Ọzọkwa na 1963, onye nta akụkọ na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya Gloria Steinem nwetara ewu ewu n'etiti ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị mgbe e bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ o dere mgbe ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na nzuzo dị ka onye na-ere Playboy Bunny na Playboy Club dị ka akụkụ abụọ na mbipụta May na June nke Show. <ref name="steinfem">{{Cite book|title=The Sixties Chronicle|first=David|author=Farber|publisher=Legacy Publishing|year=2004|isbn=141271009X}}</ref> Steinem kwuru na klọb ahụ na-emegbu ndị na-ere nri ya iji nweta ndị ahịa nwoke ma jiri Playboy Bunnies mee ihe dị ka ihe nnọchianya nke chauvinism nwoke, na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ntuziaka klọb nyere Bunnies ntụziaka na "e nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ na-atọ ụtọ ha nwere ike iji kpalie ọnụ ọgụgụ mmanya na-aba n'anya nke klọb". <ref name="steinfem" /> Ka ọ na-erule afọ ime iwu kwadoro na nlekọta ụbọchị n'efu na-aghọ ebumnuche abụọ na-eduga maka ndị inyom. <ref name="steinfem2">{{Cite book|title=The Sixties Chronicle|first=David|author=Farber|publisher=Legacy Publishing|year=2004|isbn=141271009X}}</ref> Nzukọ ahụ toro na mmeri iwu dị ka Iwu Ịkwụ Ụgwọ Ọha nke 1963, Isi nke VII nke Iwu Ikike Obodo nke 1964 (nke machibidoro ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị n'ọrụ), na Griswold v. Ikpe Kasị Elu nke Connecticut nke 1965 (nke kwadoro ikike ịchịkwa ọmụmụ maka di na nwunye).<ref>{{Cite book|title=Climbing the Academic Ladder: Doctoral Women Scientists in Academe : a Report to the Office of Science and Technology Policy from the Committee on the Education and Employment of Women in Science and Engineering, Commission on Human Resources, National Research Council|author=Hornig|first=Lilli S.|publisher=National Academy of Sciences|date=Jan 1, 1979|isbn=0309028809|location=Washington DC}}</ref><ref name="archives.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/|title=Teaching With Documents: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=National Archives and Records Administration Website|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|archivedate=July 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714101656/http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/}}</ref><ref name="lobby.la.psu.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://lobby.la.psu.edu/013_Contraceptive_Coverage/organizational_statements/Planned_Parenthood/Planned_Parenthood_The_Impact_of_Legal_Birth_Control.htm|title=Griswold v. Connecticut, The Impact of Legal Birth Control and the Challenges that Remain|date=May 2000|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=Planned Parenthood Federation of America|publisher=Katharine Dexter McCormick Library|archivedate=July 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714210413/http://lobby.la.psu.edu/013_Contraceptive_Coverage/organizational_statements/Planned_Parenthood/Planned_Parenthood_The_Impact_of_Legal_Birth_Control.htm}}</ref> N'afọ 1966, Betty Friedan sonyeere ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ nwoke ndị ọzọ iji guzobe National Organization for Women (NOW); a ga-akpọ Friedan dịka onye isi oche mbụ nke nzukọ ahụ.<ref name="fredianfap">{{Cite book|title=The Sixties Chronicle|first=David|author=Farber|publisher=Legacy Publishing|year=2004|isbn=141271009X}}</ref> Otu n'ime mmeri iwu kachasị mkpa nke òtù ahụ na ngwụcha afọ 1960 mgbe e guzobere NOW na 1966 bụ Iwu Nchịkwa nke 1967 nke na-agbatị ikike zuru oke maka ụmụ nwanyị, Eisenstadt v. Baird (1972), nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kpebiri na ndị na-alụbeghị di nwere otu ikike ịchịkwa ọmụmụ dị ka ndị lụrụ di, na iwu kwadoro ịgba alụkwaghịm na-enweghị mmejọ (ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị iwu kwadoro na steeti niile ruo 2010). Nzukọ ahụ nwetara mmeri ndị ọzọ n'afọ ndị 1970. The Title X Family Planning Program, nke a maara dị ka Public Law 91-572 ma ọ bụ "Population Research and Voluntary Family Planning Programme" ka e mere n'okpuru Onye isi ala Richard Nixon na 1970 dị ka akụkụ nke Public Health Service Act; ọ bụ naanị mmemme enyemaka gọọmentị etiti raara nye naanị inye ndị mmadụ atụmatụ ezinụlọ zuru oke na ọrụ mgbochi metụtara ya. Ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu Reed v. Reed (1971), bụ ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasụ Elu na nke mbụ ya tinyere Nkwupụta Nchebe Ọha nke Ndezigharị nke 14 iji kpochapụ iwu nke na-akpa ókè megide ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="archives.gov">{{Cite web|url=https://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/|title=Teaching With Documents: The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=National Archives and Records Administration Website|publisher=National Archives and Records Administration|archivedate=July 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714101656/http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/civil-rights-act/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwlc.org/resource/reed-v-reed-40-landmark-decision|title=Reed v. Reed at 40: A Landmark Decision|date=November 14, 2011|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=National Women's Law Center (NWLC)|author=McCarthy|first=Angie|archivedate=July 14, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714220229/http://www.nwlc.org/resource/reed-v-reed-40-landmark-decision}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ezie na Iwu Ịkwụ Ụgwọ Ọha nke 1963 ekpuchighị ndị isi, ndị nchịkwa, ndị na-ere ahịa n'èzí, na ndị ọkachamara, Ndezigharị Mmụta nke 1972 dezigharịrị ya ka o wee mee.<ref name="books.google.com">{{Cite book|title=Climbing the Academic Ladder: Doctoral Women Scientists in Academe, a Report to the Office of Science and Technology Policy|publisher=National Academies and The Committee on the Education and Employment of Women in Science and Engineering, Commission on Human Resources, National Research Council|year=1979|isbn=9780309028806|location=Washington DC|accessdate=July 12, 2014|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=00IrAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 1972, ikpe Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu ''Eisenstadt na Baird'' kwadoro ikike igbochi ọmụmụ maka ndị na-alụbeghị di.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2013/03/22/today-marks-the-41st-anniversary-of-legal-contraception-for-single-people/|title=Eisenstadt v. Baird: The 41st Anniversary of Legal Contraception for Single People|date=March 22, 2013|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=RH Reality Check|author=Dunlap|first=Bridgette|archivedate=June 22, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622132445/http://rhrealitycheck.org/article/2013/03/22/today-marks-the-41st-anniversary-of-legal-contraception-for-single-people/}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ kwa, Isi nke IX nke Ndezigharị Mmụta nke 1972 machibidoro ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na kọleji ọha. <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/27/us/court-opens-path-for-student-suits-in-sex-bias-cases.html|title=Court opens path for student suits in sex-bias cases|date=February 27, 1992|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=[[The New York Times]]|author=Greenhouse|first=Linda}}</ref> N'afọ 1973, ikpe ''Roe na Wade'' nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu kwadoro ite ime.<ref name="nytimes.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/05/us/abortion-rate-in-1994-hit-a-20-year-low.html|title=Abortion Rate in 1994 Hit a 20-Year Low|date=January 5, 1997|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=The New York Times}}</ref> N'afọ 1974, Iwu Equal Credit Opportunity mere ka ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ megide ndị na-achọ ịkwụ ụgwọ bụrụ ndị omempụ ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị. <ref name="ford.utexas.edu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/document/factbook/women.htm|title=President Ford '76 Fact Book, Women|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=Gerald R. Ford Library|archivedate=September 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924014549/http://www.ford.utexas.edu/library/document/factbook/women.htm}}</ref><ref name="justice.gov">{{Cite web|url=http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/housing_ecoa.php|title=The Equal Credit Opportunity Act, by the United States Department of Justice|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=United States Department of Justice|archivedate=July 13, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140713070531/http://www.justice.gov/crt/about/hce/housing_ecoa.php}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 1974 a gbakwunyere mmekọahụ dị ka klas echedoro n'okpuru Fair Housing Act, si otú a machibido ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị n'ụlọ iwu.<ref name="bostonfairhousing.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bostonfairhousing.org/timeline/1968-Fair-Housing-Act.html|title=1968: Federal Fair Housing Act|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=bostonfairhousing.org|publisher=The Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston|archivedate=February 21, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221055525/http://www.bostonfairhousing.org/timeline/1968-Fair-Housing-Act.html}}</ref> N'afọ 1974, e weputara iwu gbasara agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị. Mpụ nke ndina n'ike n'alụmdi na nwunye na United States malitere n'etiti afọ ndị 1970 ma site na 1993 ndina n'ime alụmdi na nwunye ghọrọ mpụ na steeti 50 niile, n'okpuru ọ dịkarịa ala otu akụkụ nke iwu mmebi iwu mmekọahụ. N'afọ 1978, e wepụtara Iwu Ịkpa Ókè n'Ime; ọ bụ Iwu gọọmentị etiti United States nke gbanwere Isi nke asaa nke Iwu Ikike Obodo nke 1964 iji "machibido ịkpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị na ndabere nke ime ime". <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/pregnancy.cfm|title=Text of the Act from the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission|accessdate=2015-05-28|archivedate=2014-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140123142611/http://www1.eeoc.gov/laws/statutes/pregnancy.cfm}}</ref> Nnukwu mmechuihu nke usoro ụmụ nwanyị nke abụọ na United States bụ President Nixon's 1972 veto of the Comprehensive Child Development Bill of 1972, nke ga-enye ọtụtụ ijeri dollar National daycare system. Mmegharị feminizim n'ọgwụgwụ afọ ndị 1970, nke òtù National Organization for Women (NOW) duru, nwara obere oge ịmalite mmemme iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị ndị agadi a gbara alụkwaghịm na ndị di ha nwụrụ anwụ aka. Ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị di ha nwụrụ anwụ erughị eru ịnata uru nchekwa ọha (Social Security), ole na ole n'ime ndị a gbara alụkwaghịm na-enweta n'ezie ụgwọ nkwado di ma ọ bụ nwunye (alimony), ma mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke ịrụ ọrụ dịka ndị na-elekọta ụlọ, ole na ole n'ime ha nwere nkà dị mkpa iji sonye n'ọrụ akwụ ụgwọ. Otú ọ dị, mmemme ahụ zutere nkatọ siri ike sitere n'aka ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na-eto eto, bụ ndị nyere ụmụ nwanyị ogbenye sitere n'ìgwè agbụrụ pere mpe mkpa karịa ụmụ nwanyị nke etiti klaasị (middle class). Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1980, NOW belatara nkwado ya maka mmemme ahụ n'ihi na ọ malitere ilekwasị anya fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ naanị na Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Phyllis Schlafly, onye ndu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-akwado ọdịnala (conservative), jiri ohere a pụtara mee ihe. Ọ katọrọ ndị feminisiti maka ịhapụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị agadi nke etiti klaasị, karịsịa ndị di ha nwụrụ anwụ na ndị a gbara alụkwaghịm chọrọ enyemaka. Ọ dọkwara aka ná ntị na ERA ga-eme ka iwu bụrụ otu maka uru ụmụ nwoke, ma wepụkwa nchedo iwu ndị ụmụ nwanyị ndị agadi chọrọ nke ukwuu. Isi mmechuihu nke mmegharị nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na United States bụ ọdịda iji kwado Federal Equal Rights Amendment. Ọ na-ekwu, "Ịha nhata nke ikike n'okpuru iwu agaghị agọnahụ ma ọ bụ belata site na United States ma ọ bụ steeti ọ bụla n'ihi mmekọahụ. " <ref name="tavanna">{{Cite web|url=https://tavaana.org/en/content/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women|title=The 1960s–70s American Feminist Movement: Breaking Down Barriers for Women|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=tavaana.org|publisher=E-Collaborative for Civic Education|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714202132/https://tavaana.org/en/content/1960s-70s-american-feminist-movement-breaking-down-barriers-women|archivedate=July 14, 2014}}</ref> Oge a kara aka maka nkwenye nke Ndezigharị Ikike Ọha gwụrụ na 1982. <ref name="equalrightsamendment">{{Cite web|url=http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/overview.htm|title=The Equal Rights Amendment Unfinished Business for the Constitution|accessdate=July 12, 2014|work=www.equalrightsamendment.org|archivedate=October 29, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029205216/http://www.equalrightsamendment.org/overview.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jofreeman.com/feminism/socrevera.htm|title=Social Revolution and the Equal Rights Amendment|accessdate=27 November 2014|archivedate=14 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180314161515/http://www.jofreeman.com/feminism/socrevera.htm}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na United States bịanyere aka na [[Nkwekọrịta maka iwepụ ụdị ịkpa ókè niile megide ụmụ nwanyị]] na 1980, ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe a kwadoro ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=en|title=UNTC|publisher=Treaties.un.org|accessdate=2018-02-09|archivedate=2015-09-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906035454/https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-8&chapter=4&lang=en}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ele oge nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na America anya dị ka njedebe na mmalite afọ 1980 na Feminist Sex Wars, nkewa n'ime mmegharị ahụ n'ihe ndị dị ka mmekọahụ na ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ. Esemokwu ndị a butere oge nke atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị na mbido afọ 1990. <ref name="Duggan">{{Cite book|author=Duggan, Lisa|title=Sex wars: sexual dissent and political culture|year=1995|publisher=Routledge|location=New York|isbn=0-415-91036-6|url=https://archive.org/details/sexwarssexualdis0000dugg}}</ref> <ref name="Hansen">{{Cite book|author=Hansen, Karen Tranberg|title=Women, class, and the feminist imagination: a socialist-feminist reader|year=1990|publisher=Temple University Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=0-87722-630-X|url=https://archive.org/details/womenclassfemini0000unse}}</ref> <ref name="Gerhard">{{Cite book|author=Gerhard, Jane F.|title=Desiring revolution: second-wave feminism and the rewriting of American sexual thought, 1920 to 1982|year=2001|publisher=Columbia University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-231-11204-1}}</ref><ref name="Leidholdt">{{Cite book|author=Leidholdt, Dorchen|authorlink=Dorchen Leidholdt|title=The Sexual liberals and the attack on feminism|year=1990|publisher=Pergamon Press|location=New York|isbn=0-08-037457-3}}</ref><ref name="Vance">{{Cite book|author=Vance, Carole S|title=Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality|year=1989|publisher=Thorsons Publishers|isbn=0-04-440593-6}}</ref> ==== Ọrụ mmekọahụ azụmahịa ==== Na San Francisco na 1973, e guzobere Call Off Your Tired Old Ethics (COYOTE) ka ọ bụrụ òtù mbụ na-ahụ maka ikike ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na America.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|author=Weitzer|first=Ronald|date=1991|title=Prostitutes' Rights in the United States: The Failure of a Movement|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4121439|journal=The Sociological Quarterly|volume=32|issue=1|pages=23–41|doi=10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00343.x|issn=0038-0253|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Malite site na Margo St. James, onye na-akpọ onwe ya onye onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ, COYOTE rụrụ ọrụ iji nye ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ ikike ọrụ na mkpebi onwe onye mmekọahụ. N'otu afọ ahụ, National Organization for Women (NOW) dere mkpebi iji kwado COYOTE, na-akpọ maka iwepụ ịgba akwụna.<ref name=":02" /> Mgbe nke a gasịrị, COYOTE na NOW rụkọtara ọrụ ọnụ iji lụọ ọgụ iji mee ka Ndezigharị Ikike Ịha nhata (ERA), nke emesiri ghara ịgafe. N'afọ 1978, e mere nzukọ ụmụ nwanyị mbụ gbasara ụlọ ọrụ na-ese ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ na San Francisco.<ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|author=Whisnant|first=Rebecca|date=2007|title=Pornography and Pop Culture: Backlash And a Feminism that is Contrary to Feminism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20838776|journal=Off Our Backs|volume=37|issue=1|pages=58–61|issn=0030-0071}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 5,000 mere ngagharị na Times Square megide ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, na-eme ka mmegide ụmụ nwanyị na-akpụ agụụ mmekọahụ sie ike. Ndị na-emegide ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ lere ihe na-akpụ akpụ anya dị ka ụzọ doro anya na nke mmekọahụ nke ụmụ nwoke na-edo ụmụ nwanyị n'okpuru ma na-eme ka ha ghara ịbụ mmadụ. Ha boro ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ ụta maka ọtụtụ n'ime ndina n'ike, ịgba akwụna, na mwakpo dị na United States. <ref name=":62">{{Cite book|author=Kahn, Karen|title=Frontline feminism 1975–1995: essays from Sojourner's first 20 years|date=1995|publisher=Aunt Lute Books|isbn=1-879960-43-5|oclc=33014111}}</ref> N'afọ 1983, e dere iwu na-emegide ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ, nke Catharine MacKinnon na Andrea Dworkin dere ma chepụta, na Kansụl Obodo Minneapolis.<ref name=":12" /> N'ikpeazụ, otu ìgwè ndị mmadụ meriri iwu ahụ bụ ndị chere na ụzọ ndị na-emegide ihe nkiri na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ si ese mmetụta nke ihe nkiri na'akpali agụụ ahụ bụ nke na-akpa ókè nwoke na nwanyị ma mee ka ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ, yie ka ha enweghị ike inye nkwenye.<ref name=":62" /> Mmeghachi omume sitere n'aka ndị na-emegide ihe na-akpali agụụ mmekọahụ mere ka otu akụkụ nke ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-akpọ onwe ha "fuck me femists".<ref name=":12" /> Ndị a bụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị kwadoro onwe ha site n’ịkpọghachi ma weghara echiche nke ime ka a na-ele ha anya dịka ihe mmekọahụ na mmegbu nke a na-ejibu megide ha. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a nwere ike ịpụta dịka echiche na-akwado ọrụ mmekọahụ (sex work), ọtụtụ n’ime ndị a a na-akpọ “feminists nke ụdị ‘fuck me’” na-ele ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ anya dịka ndị a na-emegbu ma ọ bụ ndị bụ ndị a na-akpagbu; ya mere, ha kwenyere na ndị a enweghị ike ịhọrọ n’eziokwu ihe na-eme n’ahụ ha..<ref name=":12" /> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1985, nkwado a na-enye ịgba akwụna (prostitution) na ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ (sex workers) na United States belatara nke ukwuu, ọkachasị n'ime mmegharị feminizim.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|author=Beloso|first=Brooke Meredith|date=2012-09-01|title=Sex, Work, and the Feminist Erasure of Class|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/665808|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|volume=38|issue=1|pages=47–70|doi=10.1086/665808|issn=0097-9740|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Nke a bụ, n'otu akụkụ, n'ihi echiche dịgasị iche iche banyere isiokwu ahụ nke ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị nwere. Echiche kachasị mkpa, nke ndị akwụna US Collective na Women Hurt na Systems of Prostitution Engaged in Revolt (WHISPER), kwadoro decriminalization dị ka ihe na-agafe agafe, mana n'ikpeazụ kwenyere na mwepụ nke ịgba akwụna.<ref name=":02">{{Cite journal|author=Weitzer|first=Ronald|date=1991|title=Prostitutes' Rights in the United States: The Failure of a Movement|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4121439|journal=The Sociological Quarterly|volume=32|issue=1|pages=23–41|doi=10.1111/j.1533-8525.1991.tb00343.x|issn=0038-0253|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> ===== Echiche dị iche iche nke ụmụ nwanyị banyere ọrụ mmekọahụ ===== E nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ dị iche iche n'ime òtù ụmụ nwanyị, akụkụ ọ bụla na-ewere nguzo nke ya n'okwu ọrụ mmekọahụ. Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị Marxist kwenyere na ịgba akwụna bụ nsonaazụ nke akụrụngwa, ya mere, ndị na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ na-erigbu ndị na-achị achị, ma nke ahụ bụ onye na-ere ahịa ma ọ bụ nna ochie.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Cynthia Cole|date=2007|title=CHAPTER TWO: Feminist Theory and Prostitution|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42979426|journal=Counterpoints|volume=302|pages=21–36|issn=1058-1634|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị Marxist kwenyere na ndị akwụna na-anọchi anya uru ụmụ nwanyị na ọha mmadụ, yana otu esi atụ uru nwanyị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, mmekọahụ, na akụ na ụba.<ref name=":22">{{Cite journal|author=Beloso|first=Brooke Meredith|date=2012-09-01|title=Sex, Work, and the Feminist Erasure of Class|url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/665808|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|volume=38|issue=1|pages=47–70|doi=10.1086/665808|issn=0097-9740|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị Marxist na-adaba n'òtù abolition nke ndị na-akwado nwanyị, ha na-ele iwepụ ịgba akwụna anya dị ka ogidi dị mkpa maka iwepu ndị isi. Ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na-ekwu na mgbọrọgwụ nke mmegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị na mmekọahụ, mmekọahụ bụ ihe ndị ikom ga-ezu ohi, ree, zụta, zụọ, ma ọ bụ gbanwere.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Cynthia Cole|date=2007|title=CHAPTER TWO: Feminist Theory and Prostitution|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42979426|journal=Counterpoints|volume=302|pages=21–36|issn=1058-1634|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-ele ịgba akwụna anya ọ bụghị dị ka ụlọ ọrụ, kama, dị ka ọnọdụ ụmụ nwanyị niile na-ahụ onwe ha. N'ihi na ha na-ele mmekọahụ niile anya dị ka ime ihe ike na imegbu ụmụ nwanyị, ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị kwenyere na mwepụ nke ọrụ mmekọahụ.<ref name=":32" /> A na-ekewa ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi n'etiti arụmụka nke ma ọrụ mmekọahụ niile na-eweda ụmụ nwanyị ala, na arụmụka na ọrụ mmekọahụ bụ ọrụ, a ga-emekwa ya dị ka nke a. N'ụzọ ọ bụla, ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nwere nnwere onwe kwenyere na iwu kwadoro ọrụ mmekọahụ, dịka mpụ machibidoro ikike ụmụ nwanyị nwere ịchịkwa ahụ ha.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Cynthia Cole|date=2007|title=CHAPTER TWO: Feminist Theory and Prostitution|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42979426|journal=Counterpoints|volume=302|pages=21–36|issn=1058-1634|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Ndị na-ahụ maka ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị na-ajụ echiche abụọ nke ndị ọzọ na-ahụ ụwa. Ha anaghị ele ụwa anya dị ka nke nwere ihe na ihe ọjọọ, ma ọ bụ ihe dị mma na ihe na-adịghị mma, ebe ọ na-emepụta binaries ebe a na-eto otu ụdị echiche, ma na-akatọ nke ọzọ.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|author=Robinson|first=Cynthia Cole|date=2007|title=CHAPTER TWO: Feminist Theory and Prostitution|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/42979426|journal=Counterpoints|volume=302|pages=21–36|issn=1058-1634|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Mgbe ọ na-abịa n'ọrụ mmekọahụ, echiche ndị inyom na-ahụ maka mmekọahụ enweghị echiche a kapịrị ọnụ banyere iwu. Kama nke ahụ, ha kwenyere na ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ kwesịrị ikwu okwu megide mkparị nke ha nke binary mepụtara, nakwa na ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị iburu echiche na ahụmịhe ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ n'uche mgbe ha na-emepụta nke ha.<ref name=":32" /> N'ihi ọtụtụ nkewa n'ime òtù ụmụ nwanyị na isiokwu nke ọrụ mmekọahụ, nnukwu òtù dị ka NOW họọrọ ilekwasị anya n'ihe gbasara ikike ụmụ nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ dịka ite ime.<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|author=Critchlow|first=Donald T.|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv16qjz6b|title=In Defense of Populism: Protest and American Democracy|date=2020|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|isbn=978-0-8122-5276-7|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọ ka na-ese okwu, ikike ọmụmụ dị obere ma hapụ ndị inyom kewara naanị abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa nkewa, kama ọtụtụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ikike ịmụ nwa nwere mmetụta na nwanyị ọ bụla na mba a, kama otu ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị, nke mere ka ọ dịkwuo mma maka nnukwu òtù.<ref name=":42" /> Ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị anaghị anabata ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ mgbe niile, ọbụna ndị na-ahụ Maka ụmụ nwanyị na-akwado iwepụ ma ọ bụ iwu nke ọrụ mmekọahụ. Ha mepụtara oghere dị nchebe maka ụmụ nwanyị, ọkachasị ụmụ nwanyị na-edina nwoke, ebe ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nwere ike ikwu okwu ma bụrụ onwe ha.<ref name=":52">{{Cite journal|author=Enke|first=Anne|date=2003|title=Smuggling Sex through the Gates: Race, Sexuality, and the Politics of Space in Second Wave Feminism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/30041999|journal=American Quarterly|volume=55|issue=4|pages=635–667|doi=10.1353/aq.2003.0038|issn=0003-0678|accessdate=2021-12-12}}</ref> Ikike iji ahụ ha na mmekọahụ dị oke mkpa n'ebe ndị a dị nchebe, ụmụ nwanyị na-agba egwú ọnụ, mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewepụ elu ha dị ka ngosipụta nke nkasi obi na nwanyị ha.<ref name=":52" /> N'agbanyeghị ebumnuche nke ebe ndị a bụ ebe dị nchebe maka ụmụ nwanyị, o mere ka o doo anya na ebe ndị a abụghị ndị rụrụ arụ, nke pụtara na ebe ụfọdụ ụmụ nwoke nwere ike iburu ụmụ nwanyị ka ha nwee mmekọahụ, ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị. N'ihi ihere metụtara ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ, ọkachasị ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ na-agakarị n'otu ebe ahụ, a nabataghị ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ n'ozuzu ha n'ebe nchekwa ụmụ nwanyị ndị a dịka ụmụ nwanyị chere na ọ mebiri nkasi obi ha.<ref name=":52" /> Ọ bụ ezie na a machibidoghị ya iwu, ndị ọrụ mmekọahụ chere na ha nọpụrụ iche n'ime oghere ndị a ma na-ezere ha. === Ugboro nke atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị === [[Third-wave feminism|Ugboro nke atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị]] na United States malitere na mbido afọ 1990. <ref name="Dicker">{{Cite book|author=Dicker|first=Rory|title=A History of U.S. Feminisms|year=2008|publisher=[[Seal Press]]|location=Berkeley, CA}}</ref><ref name="CatchingAWave">{{Cite book|editor=Dicker, Piepmeier|title=Catching a Wave: Reclaiming Feminism for the 21st Century|year=2003|publisher=Northeastern|location=Boston, MA|isbn=978-1555535704|url=https://archive.org/details/catchingwaverecl0000unse}}</ref> N'afọ 1991, Anita Hill boro Clarence Thomas, nwoke a họpụtara na Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke United States, ebubo iyi egwu mmekọahụ. Thomas gọnahụrụ ebubo ahụ, mgbe arụmụka sara mbara gasịrị, Senate nke United States tụụrụ vootu 52-48 na-akwado Thomas.<ref name="Walker">{{Cite book|author=Walker|first=Rebecca|title=To Be Real: Telling the Truth and Changing the Face of Feminism|year=1995|publisher=[[Anchor Books]]|location=New York|isbn=978-0-385-47262-3|oclc=32274323|url=https://archive.org/details/toberealtelling00walk}}</ref><ref name="Heywood">{{Cite book|editor=Heywood|title=Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism|year=1997|publisher=[[University of Minnesota Press]]|location=[[Minneapolis]]|isbn=978-0-8166-3005-9|oclc=36876149|url=https://archive.org/details/thirdwaveagendab0000unse}}</ref><ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite book|author=Gillis|first=Stacy|title=Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration|year=2004|publisher=[[Palgrave Macmillan]]|isbn=978-1-4039-1821-5|oclc=54454680}}</ref> N'afọ 1992, na nzaghachi maka ikpe iyi egwu mmekọahụ nke Anita Hill, onye America na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị [[Rebecca Walker]] bipụtara otu isiokwu na Magazin <nowiki><i id="mwAqI">Ms.</i></nowiki> nke akpọrọ "Becoming the Third Wave" nke o kwuru, "Abụghị m onye na-ahụkarị ụmụ nwanyị. Abụ m onye nke atọ, nke chepụtara okwu ahụ bụ "nke atọ". <ref name="CatchingAWave" /> <ref name="Walker1992">{{Cite journal|author=Rebecca|first=Walker|title=Becoming the Third Wave|journal=[[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]]|pages=39–41|issn=0047-8318|date=January 1992}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 1992, ọ bụ Walker na onye America na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị Shannon Liss (nke bụ Shannon Lass-Riordan ugbu a) guzobere ụlọ ọrụ Third Wave Direct Action Corporation dị ka otu agbụrụ dị iche iche, ọdịbendị dị iche iche. Ebumnuche mbụ nke nzukọ ahụ bụ iji mejupụta oghere dị n'etiti ndị ndu ụmụ agbọghọ na iji mee ka ndị na-eto eto tinye aka na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na obodo ha.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Third Wave Foundation|url=http://www.thirdwavefoundation.org/about-us/history/|title=History|publisher=Third Wave Foundation|accessdate=2012-10-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007020253/http://www.thirdwavefoundation.org/about-us/history/|archivedate=2012-10-07}}</ref> Na mbido afọ 1990, ọgba aghara grrrl malitere na Olympia, Washington na [[Washington, D.C.]]; ọ chọrọ inye ụmụ nwanyị ike ịchịkwa olu ha na ngosipụta nka. <ref name="Rowe-Finbeiner">{{Cite book|title=The F-Word|author=Rowe-Finkbeiner|first=Kristin|year=2004|publisher=[[Seal Press]]|location=[[Emeryville, California|Emeryville]]|isbn=978-1-58005-114-9|url=https://archive.org/details/fwordfeminisminj00rowe|oclc=55504351}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, nkwenye nke riot grrrl na njirimara nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ na nkewa na-apụtakarị na-ejikọta ya na nke abụọ nke ụmụ nwanyị karịa nke atọ.<ref name="Rosenberg_Garofalo">{{Cite journal|author=Rosenberg|first=Jessica|year=1998|title=Riot Grrrl: Revolutions from Within|journal=Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society|volume=23|issue=3: Feminisms and Youth Cultures|pages=809–841|doi=10.1086/495289|issn=0097-9740}}</ref> Ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nke atọ chọrọ ịjụ ajụjụ, weghachite, ma kọwaa echiche, okwu, na mgbasa ozi nke na-enyefe echiche banyere okike, ọrụ okike, nwanyị, ịma mma, na mmekọahụ, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ. Ugboro atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị hụrụ ọtụtụ ihe oyiyi ụmụ nwanyị ọhụrụ dịka [[Madonna]], Queen Latifah, [[Angelina Jolie]], [[Emma Watson]], [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]], na [[Lady Gaga]], yana ndị edemede dị ka Buffy na Mulan.<ref name="autogenerated1" /> Ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nke atọ jikwa Intanet na teknụzụ ọgbara ọhụrụ ndị ọzọ mee ihe iji bulie mmegharị ha, nke nyere ohere maka ozi na nhazi iru ndị na-ege ntị ka ukwuu. Ndị na-ege ntị a mụbara na ọtụtụ ndị ikom a ma ama dịka Aziz Ansari na Leonardo DiCaprio.  Here is the Igbo translation of the passage: Ọganihu na-esiwanye ike nke ibipụta ihe n’Ịntanet mere ka e-zines (magazin eletrọnik) na blọgụ bụrụ ihe a na-ahụkarị ebe niile. Ọtụtụ ndị ode akwụkwọ onwe ha, tinyere òtù dị iche iche, chọpụtara na Ịntanet nyere ha ohere maka ịkekọrịta ozi na ibipụta edemede na vidio ndị na-egosi echiche ha ruo n’ihu ọtụtụ ndị nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-ege ntị buru ibu. Ịntanet gbanwere nke ukwuu n’ụzọ sara mbara ọdịnaya nke mmegharị ụmụ nwanyị (feminist movement) n’ihe gbasara ndị na-esonye, ụdị ngosi ya, na ụdị okwu na nsogbu a na-elebara anya. N'ime afọ 1980 na 1990, omume a gara n'ihu ka ndị ọkà mmụta egwu dị ka Susan McClary na Marcia Citron malitere ịtụle ihe kpatara ọdịbendị maka iwepụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ọrụ a natara. Echiche ndị dị ka egwu dị ka okwu gbasara nwoke na nwanyị; ọkachamara; nnabata nke egwu ụmụ nwanyị; nyocha nke saịtị mmepụta egwu; akụ na ụba na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị; ọmụmụ egwu a ma ama gbasara njirimara ụmụ nwanyị; echiche nna ochie na nyocha egwu; na echiche nke okike na ọdịiche so n'ime isiokwu ndị a nyochara n'oge a. N'oge nke atọ nke ụmụ nwanyị, okwu nke ndị transgender na ọrụ ha na mmegharị ahụ ghọrọ isiokwu a ma ama nke mkparịta ụka n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị mgbe ndị na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị nke atọ malitere ịjụ ajụjụ banyere ọdịdị abụọ, nke okike na mmekọahụ. TERF, nke na-anọchite anya trans-exclusionary radical femism ghọrọ okwu a na-agwa ndị na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na-ele ụmụ nwanyị trans anya dị ka ihe iyi egwu nye ụmụ nwanyị ndị ọzọ nọ n'òtù ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Morgenroth|first=Thekla|title=Sex Wars and TERF Wars: The Divisiveness of Who is Included in Feminism|journal=Sex Roles|date=2024|volume=90|issue=6|pages=676–705|doi=10.1007/s11199-024-01473-2|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11199-024-01473-2}}</ref> === Ugboro nke anọ nke ụmụ nwanyị === Fourth-wave femism na-ezo aka na mmeghachi omume nke mmasị na femism nke malitere n'ihe dị ka afọ 2012 ma jikọta ya na ojiji nke mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta.<ref name="4thWave-Guardian20131210">{{Cite news|author=Cochrane|first=Kira|authorlink=Kira Cochrane|title=The Fourth Wave of Feminism: Meet the Rebel Women|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/10/fourth-wave-feminism-rebel-women|work=The Guardian|date=10 December 2013|accessdate=9 February 2018}}</ref> Dị ka onye ọkà mmụta ụmụ nwanyị Prudence Chamberlain si kwuo, ihe a na-elekwasị anya na nke anọ bụ ikpe ziri ezi maka ụmụ nwanyị na mmegide megide iyi egwu mmekọahụ na [[ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị]]. Isi ihe ya, ka ọ na-ede, bụ "enweghị okwukwe na àgwà ụfọdụ ka nwere ike ịdị". "A na-akọwa ụmụ nwanyị nke anọ site na teknụzụ" dị ka Kira Cochrane si kwuo, a na-ejikwa Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, [[YouTube]], Tumblr, na blọọgụ dịka Feministing iji merie ụmụ nwanyị na ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị. <ref name="4thWave-Guardian20131210">{{Cite news|author=Cochrane|first=Kira|authorlink=Kira Cochrane|title=The Fourth Wave of Feminism: Meet the Rebel Women|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/10/fourth-wave-feminism-rebel-women|work=The Guardian|date=10 December 2013|accessdate=9 February 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/magazine/15fob-q4-t.html|title=The Blogger and Author on the Life of Women Online|author=Solomon|first=Deborah|date=13 November 2009|work=The New York Times|accessdate=16 March 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/feminisms-fourth-wave-is-the-shitlist/|title=Feminism's Fourth Wave is the Shitlist|author=Zerbisias|first=Antonia|date=16 September 2015|work=NOW Toronto|accessdate=21 April 2016|archivedate=28 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728224143/https://nowtoronto.com/news/feminisms-fourth-wave-is-the-shitlist/}}</ref> Enwere ike ịkọwawanye echiche ụmụ nwanyị nke anọ site na ilekwasị anya na [[intersectionality]] na ịgbasawanye echiche banyere njirimara nwoke na nwanyị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Special Issue: Gender Revolution|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/issue/january-2017|accessdate=2023-01-13|work=National Geographic|language=en|archivedate=2023-01-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230113062050/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/issue/january-2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Maclaran|first=Pauline|date=2015|title=Feminism's fourth wave: a research agenda for marketing and consumer research|journal=Journal of Marketing Management|volume=31|issue=15–16|pages=1732–1738|doi=10.1080/0267257X.2015.1076497|language=en}}</ref> Nsogbu ndị ụmụ nwanyị nke anọ na-elekwasị anya na-agụnye iyi egwu n'okporo ámá na n'ebe ọrụ, mwakpo mmekọahụ na campus na omenala ndina n'ike. Ihe ihere metụtara iyi egwu, mmetọ, na igbu ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ akpaliwo òtù ahụ. Na United States, ndị a gụnyere Ikpe mwakpo mmekọahụ Bill Cosby, igbu ọchụ nke 2014 Isla Vista, na Ebubo Harvey Weinstein nke 2017, nke malitere American Me Too movement ma duga n'ihe omume yiri ya n'ụwa niile.<ref>For Isla Vista killings, see {{Cite news|url=https://time.com/3319081/whyistayed-hashtag-feminism-activism/|title=Behold the Power of #Hashtag Feminism|author=Bennett|first=Jessica|date=10 September 2014|work=Time|accessdate=17 November 2024}}</ref> Ihe atụ nke mkpọsa ụmụ nwanyị nke anọ na United States gụnyere Mattress Performance, The Time's Up Now movement, na 10 Hours of Walking in NYC as a Woman. == Nkatọ == Pauline Terrelonge Stone dere na Feminist Consciousness and Black Women, "Ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gbanyesiri mkpọrọgwụ ike na ọdịbendị America, ma gbanyesie mkpọrọgwụ n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị ọcha, nke na ụmụ nwanyị ojii anaghị anabata na ihe ọ bụla na-emetụta nwanyị ọcha nwekwara ike imetụta ha. "<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Simons|first=Margaret A.|date=1979|title=Racism and Feminism: A Schism in the Sisterhood|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3177603|journal=Feminist Studies|volume=5|issue=2|pages=384–401|doi=10.2307/3177603|issn=0046-3663}}</ref> Ndị na-akatọ okwu ụmụ nwanyị na-ezo aka na akụkọ ihe mere eme na-acha ọcha nke na-ewepu ma ọ bụ na-ebelata ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị na na-acha ọbara ọbara na-arụ n'ime na-enweghị òtù ụmụ nwanyị, yana ihe mgbochi dị iche iche ụmụ nwanyị na'ihu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ortega|first=Mariana|date=January 23, 2006|title=Being Lovingly, Knowingly Ignorant: White Feminism and Women of Color|journal=[[Hypatia]]|volume=21|issue=3|pages=56–74|doi=10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb01113.x}}</ref> Ida Bell Wells-Barnett, onye dị mkpa n'ime òtù ụmụ nwanyị mbụ, chere mmegide sitere n'aka ndị isi ụmụ nwanyị ọcha dịka Rebecca Latimer Felton na [[Frances Willard]] ihu, bụ ndị hụrụ òtù ụmụ nwanyị dị ka ndị Anglo Saxon na-achụso ma wuo okwu ha banyere ịdị elu ndị ọcha: "Agbụgba Anglo-Saxon, " Willard dere, "agaghị edo onwe ya n'okpuru ka ndị Negro na-achịkwa ya ma ọ bụrụhaala na ịdị elu ya erughị nnwere onwe onwe onwe onwe nke saloon. "<ref>{{Cite book|author=Feimster|first=Crystal|title=Southern Horrors|publisher=Cambridge: Harvard University Press|year=2009|pages=82}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1970 na 1980, ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America emeela ka ha mara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya site n'ịkwupụta enweghị afọ ojuju na nnọchite anya ụmụ nwanyị ojii n'Okwu ụmụ nwanyị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hill Collins|first=Patricia|title=What's in a Name? Womanism, Black Feminism, and Beyond|journal=[[The Black Scholar]]|volume=Winter/Spring 1996|pages=9}}</ref> N'afọ 1981, onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ nwanyị na onye edemede [[Audre Lorde]] kwuru, sị: "Gịnị nwanyị nọ ebe a nwere mmasị na mmegbu nke ya nke na ọ pụghị ịhụ ka ọ na-ebipụta n'ihu nwanyị ọzọ? Gịnị ka okwu mmegbu nke ụmụ nwanyị ghọrọ ihe dị oké ọnụ ahịa ma dị mkpa nye ya dị ka tiketi n'ime ndị ezi omume, pụọ n'ikuku oyi nke onwe onye na-enyocha onwe onye? ... Anyị na-anabata ụmụ nwanyị niile nwere ike izute anyị, karịa ihe ọzọ, karịa ebumnuche na-enweghị isi na karịa otu edemede Black Crensity nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ ya. O kwuru, sị, "Ebumnuche nke ọrụ a kwesịrị ịbụ ime ka ọ dịrị ndị a na-akparaghị ókè mfe itinye aka na ha nwere ike ịsị: "Mgbe ha banyere, anyị niile na-abanye. "<ref name="Williams Crenshaw">{{Cite web|url=http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf|first=Kimberlé|author=Williams Crenshaw|title=Marginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex: A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics|publisher=University of Chicago Legal Forum|year=1989|accessdate=2017-10-04|archivedate=2017-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005113053/http://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&context=uclf}}</ref> == Hụkwa ==   * {{Cite book|author=Flexner|first=Eleanor|authorlink=Eleanor Flexner|date=1996|title=Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States|url=|location=|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=0674106539}} * {{Cite book|author=Echols|first=Alice|authorlink=Alice Echols|date=1990|title=Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967–1975|url=|location=|publisher=|isbn=}} * {{Cite book|author=Rosen|first=Ruth|authorlink=Ruth Rosen|date=2006|title=The World Split Open: How the Modern Women's Movement Changed America|url=|location=|publisher=Penguin Publishing|isbn=0670814628}} [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4ton4pqdpto90ho1wi7a4kbb1nldz4m 0 76444 654257 654042 2026-06-07T08:12:52Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654257 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} {| class="infobox ib-settlement vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" |<div class="fn org">Okolochi</div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">Okolochi (English Translation Peaceful Land) </div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" |<div class="category">[[Local Government Areas of Nigeria|Obodo]]</div> |- class="mergedtoprow" | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Location map/styles.css"></templatestyles><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px">[[Faịlụ:Nigeria_location_map.svg|class=notpageimage noviewer|250x250px|Okolochi is located in Nigeria]]<div class="od notheme" style="top:86.83%;left:39.231%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px">[[Faịlụ:Red_pog.svg|link=|class=notpageimage noviewer|6x6px|Okolochi]]</div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Okolochi</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Ebe dị na Naijiria</div></div></div></div> |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" |Nhazi: 5°19′N 7°06′E / 5.317°N 7.100°E / 5.717; 7.100<span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Okolochi&params=5_19_N_7_06_E_type:city_region:NG-IM <span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°19′N</span> <span class="longitude">7°06′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.317°N 7.100°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.317; 7.100</span></span></span>]</span></span> |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |[[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]][[Faịlụ:Flag_of_Nigeria.svg|25x25px]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Ora no na ime Naijiria|Ọnọdụ]] | class="infobox-data" |[[Ọ̀hà Ímò|Steeti Imo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |LGA | class="infobox-data" |[[Owerri west|Owerri West]] |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Gọọmentị<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Ụdị&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |Omenala |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Onye Ọchịchị Ọdịnala&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; | class="infobox-data" |HRH Eze Sir C.C. Amadi |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Mpaghara<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="white-space:nowrap;">• Ngụkọta&nbsp;&nbsp;</div> | class="infobox-data" |1,000 km² (390 sq mi) &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; |- class="mergedtoprow" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" |Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na ya<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Agbụrụ&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |[[Ndị Ìgbò|Igbo]] |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |• Okpukpe&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div> | class="infobox-data" |Iso Ụzọ Kraịst Ọdịnala |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |[[Time zone|Oge]] | class="infobox-data" |UTC+1 (WAT) |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |6 nọmba prefix post | class="infobox-data adr" |<div class="postal-code">460116</div> |- class="mergedrow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Koodu ISO 3166 | class="infobox-data nickname" |NG. IM. OW. Ọ dị mma |- class="mergedtoprow" ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Asụsụ mba | class="infobox-data" |[[Asụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò|Igbo]] |} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}}'''Okolochi''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Okolochi.wav|Listen}} bụ obodo oge ochie dị na [[Owerri west|Owerri West]] Local Government Area nke Imo State, Nigeria, ọ na-ejikọta obodo Emeabiam,Ezi obodo, Ihiagwa na Obibiezena.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Rapheal|date=2020-04-02|title=COVID-19: Akeredolu organises training for town criers|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/covid-19-akeredolu-organises-training-for-town-criers/|accessdate=2023-01-02|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]|language=en-us}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime obodo ndị na-anabata Federal University of Technology, Owerri, FUTO . <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=23 February 2021|title=University Network for Tropical Agriculture|url=https://unta.npust.edu.tw/member/futo/}}</ref> == Obodo == Okolochi mebere obodo ise nwere otu omenala. A haziri obodo ndị ahụ ka ha na-agbadata iji gosi na ha bụ ndị agadi. # Umuechekwuru # Umuiwuala # Umuchieze # Umuohamara # Umumoche Ọzọkwa, ndị si obodo Umuechukwuru, Umuiwuala na Umuchieze nwere ike ịlụkọrịta ndị Umuohamara na Umumoche. Omume a na-enyere ndị obodo aka ịnọgide na-enwe udo na ịdị n'otu n'etiti ibe ha. Aha eji mara obodo Umuechekwuru, Umuiwuala na Umuchieze bụ "Umunaka" ebe aha eji mara Umuohamara and Umumoche bụ "Umuejimola". <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Obodo atọ ndị ọzọ bụ, Ihiagwa, Emeabiam na Eziobodo nọbu n'okpuru otu obodo [[Nnwere Onwe|na-achị onwe ya]] nke a maara dị ka Oche, na Okolochi dị ka isi ụlọ ọrụ ha na Eze Dickson Osuji dị ka eze nke oche obodo na-ahụ onwe ya. Nke a gara n'ihu ruo ọtụtụ afọ tupu Ihiagwa apụọ ma guzobe ọchịchị nke ha. E mepụtara obodo mba ato (obodo atọ) ozugbo Ihiagwa pụrụ, iji hụ na e nwere ịdị n'otu n'etiti obodo ndị fọdụrụ n'okpuru isi ụlọ ọrụ Okolochi. Eze FINO Nwabiri nwụrụnị bụ buru onye ọchịchị ọdịnala nke obodo Mba Ato ruo mgbe Emeabiam na Eziobodo nwetara ikike nke ha. Ndị Okolochi na-anabata ndị ha na ha na-amaghị na-abịa biri, a makwaara ha maka ile ọbịa na omume udo ha. Okolochi tinyere obodo ndị ọzọ na-anabata ya, boro Federal University of Technology, Owerri (FUTO) ebubo na ha na-akpa nkata iji aghụghọ soro memorandum of Understanding e mere n'etiti mahadum ahụ na obodo ọ nọ n'ime ya. Ndị obodo ahụ kwusiri ike na gọọmentị etiti ejiriwo ike were ihe karịrị hectare 4,455 nke ala ha na 1982, butere ha ahụhụ nke nnukwu ihe isi ike n'ihi enweghị ala ubi..<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=5 September 2021|title=Host Communities Accuse FUTO of Plotting to Manipulate MOU|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/02/14/host-communities-accuse-futo-of-plotting-to-manipulate-mou/|work=[[This Day]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=6 September 2021|title=Imo communities move to reclaim land from federal varsity|url=https://guardian.ng/news/imo-communities-move-to-reclaim-land-from-federal-varsity/|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Omenala == A maara Okolochi maka mmemme kwa afọ nke Mbubo Uzo nke na-emekarị n'oge ọrụ ugbo, na gburugburu Februari. A chọrọ ka ndị bi n’obodo ahụ na-agbakọta na mmemme ahụ ma jirikwa ngwá ọrụ ugbo ha dị ka mma oge, ọgụ, na mkpụrụ osisi a ga-akọ n’ala ubi ha, a ga-agọzi ha tupu ha amalite ọrụ ugbo nke ọma. Ndị obodo ahụ na-ewere ya dị ka ihe rụrụ arụ igbu ma ọ bụ iri Eke dịka ọtụtụ kwenyere na ha na-efe ya ofufe. A na-eme omenala a ọtụtụ afọ gara aga ma ọ dịghịzi adị ka Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na-alụso ya ọgụ. [[Faịlụ:Major_Roundabout_in_Okolochi_Community.jpg|thumb|Okporo ụzọ dị mkpa na Okolochi Community]] == Eze == Tupu ọchịchị nke HRH [[Eze]] FINO Nwabiri, HRH Eze dickson osuji bụ buru onye ọchịchị ọdịnala mbụ (Eze) na Okolochi, onye chịrị tupu HRH Eze nwabiri ewere ma chịa ihe karịrị afọ 40. Ikike ya gụnyere Ihiagwa,Ezi obodo na Emeabiam n'okpuru Oche na-achị onwe ya, tupu Ihiagwa apụọ nke mụrụ obodo Mba Ato. Eze Nwabiri nwụrụ n'afọ 2015 ma HRH Eze Sir C. C. Amadi nọchiri ya n'afọ 2018. Eze na Okolochi na-agbanwe agbanwe nke na-enye ohere ka obodo mepụta Eze mgbe otu afọ nke ncheta Eze nwụrụ anwụ gasịrị. Eze Nwabiri si n'obodo Umumoche ma Eze C. C. Amadi si n'ime obodo Umuiwuala nọchiri ya. == Mmụta == Community School Okolochi bụ nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị n'ime obodo ruo mgbe ehiwere St. Peters Nursery na Primary School, nke ụka Anglican nwee. Community School Okolochi bụ nke ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ lere anya dị ka ụlọ akwụkwọ ozi nke Roman Catholic Church nke St. Joseph Catholic Parish, Okolochi nwere. Ndị obodo enwebeghị ike iwulite ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ruo taa.. == Ahụike == Okolochi Health Centre bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke obodo nwere na Okolochi, nke Ministri nke Ahụike na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nabatara.<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=6 September 2021|title=NIGERIA Health Facility Registry (HFR)|url=https://hfr-testing.health.gov.ng/facilities/hospitals-list?page=608/}}</ref> Ọ bụ ogbakọ ụmụnwanyị nke Udodiri Ndom Okolochi wuru ụlọ ọrụ ahụike n'afọ gara aga. Ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị dị ka UNICEF amatago ndị nnọchi anya Udoiri na ihe omume nke chọrọ ọnụnọ ha na echiche ha, ya mere onye nnọchi anya ugbu a site n'aka Oriakụ Clara Nkwocha.<ref>{{Cite news|accessdate=18 September 2021|title=Imo women groups laud UNICEF, NOA over fight against Female Genital Multilation|url=https://guardian.ng/news/imo-women-groups-laud-unicef-noa-over-fight-against-female-genital-multilation/|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Dị ka Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) si kwuo, Okolochi na Emeabiam nọ n'otu ngalaba a maara dị ka Emeabiam / Okolochi Ward 4, na ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke 21 ntuli aka.<ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=7 October 2020|title=Find the locations of polling units for 2019 Elections|url=https://nigeriadecide.org/polling_unit_category.php?state=Imo&lga=Owerri%20west%20(umuguma)&ward=Emeabiam/okolochi}}</ref> == Ndị ama ama == * Charity Opara, onye ama ama na Okolochi bụ onye na-eme egwuregwu track and field na Naijiria <ref>{{Cite news|first=Uzor|author=Odigbo|title=Nigeria: Opara Bags Chieftaincy Title|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200101150321.html|date=15 January 2001|publisher=[[Allafrica.com]]|accessdate=7 October 2020}}</ref> * Okolochi mụrụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[Nollywood]], [[Jennifer Okere]], onye nwụrụ anwụ na 1999. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ Nollywood na 1990s == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Charity Opara at World Athletics * Jennifer Okere at IMDb [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 1ptljbr6ou049nyffdxub8vf2pe3l2j 0 76527 654151 2026-06-06T14:01:56Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1327046499|Ogui]]" 654151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ogui''' bụ obodo noro onwe ya na [[Nike Community|Nike]], na mpaghara [[Enugu North]] nke steeti enugu na mpaghara odida ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa. Ọ gụnyere Obodo Umunevo, Obodo Ihewuzi na Obodo Onuato . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Geographical Regions of Nigeria|first=R. K.|author=udo|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1970|url=https://archive.org/details/geographicalregi0000udor}}</ref> '''Ogui Nike''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Ogui Nike.wav|Listen}}, dị ka a na-akpọkarị ya, bụ onye isi nwe ụlọ na nchịkwa, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na nke onwe, ụlọ ahịa, hootelụ, ogige ntụrụndụ, ụlọ akụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ala Ogui. == Ndị ama ama == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Ndị ama ama na Ogui Nike gụnyere: * Hon. Gabriel Agbo - onye bụbu onye otu Ụlọ ndị Nnọchiteanya (na-anọchite anya mpaghara Enugu North na South) * Hon. Barrister Emeka Nnamani - onye bụbu onye otu ụlọ nzukọ Enugu Steeti; onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Philip Nnamani - onye bụbu onye otu Ụlọ Nzukọ Enugu State * Hon. Chuka Ayogu - onye bụbu kọmishọna sayensị na teknọlọji Enugu Steeti * Hon. Mrs. Patricia Alum - onye bụbu kọmishọna sayensị na teknụzụ Enugu State * Hon. Dr. Sam Ngwu - onye bụbu kọmishọna ahụike Enugu Steeti * Onye isi ala Barr Emeka Geoffrey Ede - onye bụbu onye kọmishọna maka ọrụ ugbo n'okpuru onye isi ala nke Enugu Steeti, Rt. Hon. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi (Gburburburu; onye nchọpụta Rhoda African Youth Global Initiative (òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị); <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://rhodaafrica.com/]}}</ref> onye otu (na-anọchite anya Enugu East Zone) nke Bọd nke ụlọ ọrụ steeti Enugu maka Universal Health Coverage (ENSA-UHC) nke Onye isi ala ya bụbu onye isi ala Ifeanyi Uganyi; <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/06/gov-ugwuanyi-strengthens-healthcare-delivery-for-enugu-residents-inaugurates-board/]}}</ref> onye bụbu osote onye isi oche nke Enugu bụbu onye nnọchi anya ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke PDP;<ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://www.enugustate.gov.ng/index.php/2017/03/]}}</ref> * Hon. Friday Okeke Ugwu - onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Chief Emma Ngwu - onye bụbu onye isi oche Enugu North LGA; onye bụbu onyeisi oche a họpụtara Enugu North SGA * Hon. Ejike Ugwu - onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Emeka Onunze - onye isi oche nke Enugu North LGA n'okpuru Onye Ukwu Rt. Hon. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi, gọvanọ nke Enugu Steeti == Omenala == Omenala nke ndị Ogui bụ otu ihe na nke obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Emume na nmemme ndị dị mkpa gụnyere:<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  == Gọọmentị == Ogui na-eme Usoro ọchịchị eze ebe enwere Igwe nke na-achị obodo, ndị okenye na ndị isi na ndị ọzọ nwere aha na otu na-esote. N'Ogui, ọchịchị na-esite na okpuru ezinaụlọ na-agbasa ruo n'agbụrụ, obodo na ọgbakọ ọgbakọ. N'ọgbakọ izugbe, Igwe na ndị okenye na ndị isi na-anọ n'ọkwa ọchịchị na ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka mmebe iwu obodo. Otu ndị ama ama gụnyere Otu obodo Ogui, Otu Ugobueze (òtù ụmụ nwanyị), Otu Ọgbọ (agbụrụ), dgz. == Ihe owuwu == Ogui nwere usoro okporo ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ, ezigbote isi iyi nke mmiri na ọkụ okporo ụzọ. E nwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ndị nwere ezigbo ngwá ọrụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị a ma ama n'etiti ha bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Asata na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Ogui Nike. [[Afia Nine Square]] dị n'etiti obodo ahụ, nke a na-eji eme emume, ntụrụndụ na mmemme. == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == Ọganihu nke akụ na ụba Ogui na-enyere ndị ya aka site n'aka ihe eji ebi ndụ dị iche iche na-agafe ma ọrụ nkịtị na nke nkịtị. A na-akwalitekwa akụ na ụba site na ọnọdụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na nke onwe dị na Ogui == Ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama == * [[Michael Okpara Square]] - ebe gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ, ihe ntụrụndụ ya na mmemme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya <ref>{{Cite web|work=outravelandtour.com|accessdate=2023-09-14|title=Okpara Square, Enugu|date=19 May 2019|url=https://outravelandtour.com/okpara-square-enugu/}}</ref> * [[Enugu State Government House|Ụlọ Gọọmentị Enugu Steeti]] - nke a makwaara dị ka Ụlọ Ọdụm * [[Ȯra Enugu|Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Enugu Steeti]] * Odeakwụkwọ gọọmentị etiti * UNICEF Field Office * Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Enugu Steeti * Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Enugu State * Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Federal * [[Ámá egwuregwu Nnamdi Azikiwe|Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium]] * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Mba * Isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara nke Nigeria Television Authority * Federal Character Commission Enugu * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ, Ọrụ na Mmepụta Ihe * Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo na Mmepe Ime Obodo * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ahụike * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi * Ngalaba Nchebe Steeti (DSS) Isi ụlọ ọrụ Enugu * [[National Archives nke Naịjirịa]] * Nigerian Export Promotion Council South East Regional Office * Ụlọ Ọrụ Inshọransị Naịjirịa (NDIC) Ụlọ Ọrụ Zonal * Ụlọ Ọrụ akụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Enugu * Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Enugu State Zonal Office * Ebe Nzukọ Mba Nile nke Enugu * West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Enugu Zonal Office * Ụlọ Ahịa SPAR * [[National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi|National Orthopaedic Hospital]] * Federal Government College Enugu * [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke Naijiria]] Nsukka Enugu Campus Branch * Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu Campus * [[Enugu State University of Science and Technology]] (ESUT) == Ebe ahịa == Ogui bụ ebe nnukwu ahịa dị na Enugu Steeti, <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Enugu/Popular-Markets-in-Enugu-State.html]}}</ref> New Haven Market, Old Artisan Market, New Artisan Market, Afia N'ime Market nke dịkwa na Ogui. == Ebe ofufe == * Ụlọ ụka nrigoro Kraịst Ogui * Ụlọ ụka nke Mgbanwe Ọdịdị nke Onyenweanyị Ihewuzi * Dunamis International Gospel Center * Ebenezer Anglican Church * Katidral Mmụọ Nsọ * Ụlọ ụka St. Faith Anglican * Ụlọ ụka St. Luke Anglican Ogui == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 9thiebxy4r5ratqnlhc34a689hipmi0 654152 654151 2026-06-06T15:09:44Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Improved article 654152 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ogui''' bụ obodo noro onwe ya na [[Nike Community|Nike]], na mpaghara [[Enugu North]] nke steeti enugu na mpaghara odida ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa. Ọ gụnyere Obodo Umunevo, Obodo Ihewuzi na Obodo Onuato . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Geographical Regions of Nigeria|first=R. K.|author=udo|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1970|url=https://archive.org/details/geographicalregi0000udor}}</ref> '''Ogui Nike''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Ogui Nike.wav|Listen}}, dị ka a na-akpọkarị ya, bụ onye isi nwe ụlọ na nchịkwa, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na nke onwe, ụlọ ahịa, hootelụ, ogige ntụrụndụ, ụlọ akụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ala Ogui. == Ndị ama ama == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Ndị ama ama na Ogui Nike gụnyere: * Hon. Gabriel Agbo - onye bụbu onye otu Ụlọ ndị Nnọchiteanya (na-anọchite anya mpaghara Enugu North na South) * Hon. Barrister Emeka Nnamani - onye bụbu onye otu ụlọ nzukọ Enugu Steeti; onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Philip Nnamani - onye bụbu onye otu Ụlọ Nzukọ Enugu State * Hon. Chuka Ayogu - onye bụbu kọmishọna sayensị na teknọlọji Enugu Steeti * Hon. Mrs. Patricia Alum - onye bụbu kọmishọna sayensị na teknụzụ Enugu State * Hon. Dr. Sam Ngwu - onye bụbu kọmishọna ahụike Enugu Steeti * Onye isi ala Barr Emeka Geoffrey Ede - onye bụbu onye kọmishọna maka ọrụ ugbo n'okpuru onye isi ala nke Enugu Steeti, Rt. Hon. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi (Gburburburu; onye nchọpụta Rhoda African Youth Global Initiative (òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị); <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://rhodaafrica.com/]}}</ref> onye otu (na-anọchite anya Enugu East Zone) nke Bọd nke ụlọ ọrụ steeti Enugu maka Universal Health Coverage (ENSA-UHC) nke Onye isi ala ya bụbu onye isi ala Ifeanyi Uganyi; <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/06/gov-ugwuanyi-strengthens-healthcare-delivery-for-enugu-residents-inaugurates-board/]}}</ref> onye bụbu osote onye isi oche nke Enugu bụbu onye nnọchi anya ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke PDP;<ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://www.enugustate.gov.ng/index.php/2017/03/]}}</ref> * Hon. Friday Okeke Ugwu - onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Chief Emma Ngwu - onye bụbu onye isi oche Enugu North LGA; onye bụbu onyeisi oche a họpụtara Enugu North SGA * Hon. Ejike Ugwu - onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Emeka Onunze - onye isi oche nke Enugu North LGA n'okpuru Onye Ukwu Rt. Hon. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi, gọvanọ nke Enugu Steeti == Omenala == Omenala nke ndị Ogui bụ otu ihe na nke obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Emume na nmemme ndị dị mkpa gụnyere: Mmemme Iri ji<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> gui na-eme Usoro ọchịchị eze ebe enwere Igwe nke na-achị obodo, ndị okenye na ndị isi na ndị ọzọ nwere aha na otu na-esote. N'Ogui, ọchịchị na-esite na okpuru ezinaụlọ na-agbasa ruo n'agbụrụ, obodo na ọgbakọ ọgbakọ. N'ọgbakọ izugbe, Igwe na ndị okenye na ndị isi na-anọ n'ọkwa ọchịchị na ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka mmebe iwu obodo. Otu ndị ama ama gụnyere Otu obodo Ogui, Otu Ugobueze (òtù ụmụ nwanyị), Otu Ọgbọ (agbụrụ), dgz. == Ihe owuwu == Ogui nwere usoro okporo ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ, ezigbote isi iyi nke mmiri na ọkụ okporo ụzọ. E nwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ndị nwere ezigbo ngwá ọrụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị a ma ama n'etiti ha bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Asata na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Ogui Nike. [[Afia Nine Square]] dị n'etiti obodo ahụ, nke a na-eji eme emume, ntụrụndụ na mmemme. == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == Ọganihu nke akụ na ụba Ogui na-enyere ndị ya aka site n'aka ihe eji ebi ndụ dị iche iche na-agafe ma ọrụ nkịtị na nke nkịtị. A na-akwalitekwa akụ na ụba site na ọnọdụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na nke onwe dị na Ogui == Ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama == * [[Michael Okpara Square]] - ebe gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ, ihe ntụrụndụ ya na mmemme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya <ref>{{Cite web|work=outravelandtour.com|accessdate=2023-09-14|title=Okpara Square, Enugu|date=19 May 2019|url=https://outravelandtour.com/okpara-square-enugu/}}</ref> * [[Enugu State Government House|Ụlọ Gọọmentị Enugu Steeti]] - nke a makwaara dị ka Ụlọ Ọdụm * [[Ȯra Enugu|Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Enugu Steeti]] * Odeakwụkwọ gọọmentị etiti * UNICEF Field Office * Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Enugu Steeti * Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Enugu State * Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Federal * [[Ámá egwuregwu Nnamdi Azikiwe|Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium]] * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Mba * Isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara nke Nigeria Television Authority * Federal Character Commission Enugu * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ, Ọrụ na Mmepụta Ihe * Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo na Mmepe Ime Obodo * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ahụike * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi * Ngalaba Nchebe Steeti (DSS) Isi ụlọ ọrụ Enugu * [[National Archives nke Naịjirịa]] * Nigerian Export Promotion Council South East Regional Office * Ụlọ Ọrụ Inshọransị Naịjirịa (NDIC) Ụlọ Ọrụ Zonal * Ụlọ Ọrụ akụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Enugu * Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Enugu State Zonal Office * Ebe Nzukọ Mba Nile nke Enugu * West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Enugu Zonal Office * Ụlọ Ahịa SPAR * [[National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi|National Orthopaedic Hospital]] * Federal Government College Enugu * [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke Naijiria]] Nsukka Enugu Campus Branch * Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu Campus * [[Enugu State University of Science and Technology]] (ESUT) == Ebe ahịa == Ogui bụ ebe nnukwu ahịa dị na Enugu Steeti, <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Enugu/Popular-Markets-in-Enugu-State.html]}}</ref> New Haven Market, Old Artisan Market, New Artisan Market, Afia N'ime Market nke dịkwa na Ogui. == Ebe ofufe == * Ụlọ ụka nrigoro Kraịst Ogui * Ụlọ ụka nke Mgbanwe Ọdịdị nke Onyenweanyị Ihewuzi * Dunamis International Gospel Center * Ebenezer Anglican Church * Katidral Mmụọ Nsọ * Ụlọ ụka St. Faith Anglican * Ụlọ ụka St. Luke Anglican Ogui == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} e7duu2guzexickij3p0s58kwjcdyum9 654153 654152 2026-06-06T15:35:40Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Improved statement 654153 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ogui''' bụ obodo noro onwe ya na [[Nike Community|Nike]], na mpaghara [[Enugu North]] nke steeti enugu na mpaghara odida ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Naịjirịa. Ọ gụnyere Obodo Umunevo, Obodo Ihewuzi na Obodo Onuato . <ref>{{Cite book|title=Geographical Regions of Nigeria|first=R. K.|author=udo|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|year=1970|url=https://archive.org/details/geographicalregi0000udor}}</ref> '''Ogui Nike''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chinwoke 01-Ogui Nike.wav|Listen}}, dị ka a na-akpọkarị ya, bụ onye isi nwe ụlọ na nchịkwa, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na akụ na ụba nke obodo [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze na nke onwe, ụlọ ahịa, hootelụ, ogige ntụrụndụ, ụlọ akụ na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'ala Ogui. == Ndị ama ama == <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  Ndị ama ama na Ogui Nike gụnyere: * Hon. Gabriel Agbo - onye bụbu onye otu Ụlọ ndị Nnọchiteanya (na-anọchite anya mpaghara Enugu North na South) * Hon. Barrister Emeka Nnamani - onye bụbu onye otu ụlọ nzukọ Enugu Steeti; onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Philip Nnamani - onye bụbu onye otu Ụlọ Nzukọ Enugu State * Hon. Chuka Ayogu - onye bụbu kọmishọna sayensị na teknọlọji Enugu Steeti * Hon. Mrs. Patricia Alum - onye bụbu kọmishọna sayensị na teknụzụ Enugu State * Hon. Dr. Sam Ngwu - onye bụbu kọmishọna ahụike Enugu Steeti * Onye isi ala Barr Emeka Geoffrey Ede - onye bụbu onye kọmishọna maka ọrụ ugbo n'okpuru onye isi ala nke Enugu Steeti, Rt. Hon. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi (Gburburburu; onye nchọpụta Rhoda African Youth Global Initiative (òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị); <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://rhodaafrica.com/]}}</ref> onye otu (na-anọchite anya Enugu East Zone) nke Bọd nke ụlọ ọrụ steeti Enugu maka Universal Health Coverage (ENSA-UHC) nke Onye isi ala ya bụbu onye isi ala Ifeanyi Uganyi; <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://dailypost.ng/2021/05/06/gov-ugwuanyi-strengthens-healthcare-delivery-for-enugu-residents-inaugurates-board/]}}</ref> onye bụbu osote onye isi oche nke Enugu bụbu onye nnọchi anya ndị otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke PDP;<ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://www.enugustate.gov.ng/index.php/2017/03/]}}</ref> * Hon. Friday Okeke Ugwu - onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Chief Emma Ngwu - onye bụbu onye isi oche Enugu North LGA; onye bụbu onyeisi oche a họpụtara Enugu North SGA * Hon. Ejike Ugwu - onye bụbu onyeisi oche Enugu North LGA * Hon. Emeka Onunze - onye isi oche nke Enugu North LGA n'okpuru Onye Ukwu Rt. Hon. Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi, gọvanọ nke Enugu Steeti == Omenala == Omenala nke ndị Ogui bụ otu ihe na nke obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Emume na nmemme ndị dị mkpa gụnyere: * Mmemme Iri Ji * Emume Ịgba Mmawnụ * Igede (Emume Olili Ozu) * Emume ichi Igwe/mmemme * Emume Ịgba Nkwụ * Nzụkọ ọgwụgwọ afọ/Oriri na nkwari == Ọchịchị == Ogui na-eme Usoro ọchịchị eze ebe enwere Igwe nke na-achị obodo, ndị okenye na ndị isi na ndị ọzọ nwere aha na otu na-esote. N'Ogui, ọchịchị na-esite na okpuru ezinaụlọ na-agbasa ruo n'agbụrụ, obodo na ọgbakọ ọgbakọ. N'ọgbakọ izugbe, Igwe na ndị okenye na ndị isi na-anọ n'ọkwa ọchịchị na ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka mmebe iwu obodo. Otu ndị ama ama gụnyere Otu obodo Ogui, Otu Ugobueze (òtù ụmụ nwanyị), Otu Ọgbọ (agbụrụ), dgz. == Ihe owuwu == Ogui nwere usoro okporo ụzọ na-arụ ọrụ, ezigbote isi iyi nke mmiri na ọkụ okporo ụzọ. E nwere ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ndị nwere ezigbo ngwá ọrụ na ndị na-arụ ọrụ. Ndị a ma ama n'etiti ha bụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Asata na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike nke Ogui Nike. [[Afia Nine Square]] dị n'etiti obodo ahụ, nke a na-eji eme emume, ntụrụndụ na mmemme. == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba == Ọganihu nke akụ na ụba Ogui na-enyere ndị ya aka site n'aka ihe eji ebi ndụ dị iche iche na-agafe ma ọrụ nkịtị na nke nkịtị. A na-akwalitekwa akụ na ụba site na ọnọdụ nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ọha na nke onwe dị na Ogui == Ebe na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama == * [[Michael Okpara Square]] - ebe gọọmentị na-arụ ọrụ, ihe ntụrụndụ ya na mmemme mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya <ref>{{Cite web|work=outravelandtour.com|accessdate=2023-09-14|title=Okpara Square, Enugu|date=19 May 2019|url=https://outravelandtour.com/okpara-square-enugu/}}</ref> * [[Enugu State Government House|Ụlọ Gọọmentị Enugu Steeti]] - nke a makwaara dị ka Ụlọ Ọdụm * [[Ȯra Enugu|Ụlọ Nzukọ nke Enugu Steeti]] * Odeakwụkwọ gọọmentị etiti * UNICEF Field Office * Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Enugu Steeti * Ụlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Enugu State * Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Federal * [[Ámá egwuregwu Nnamdi Azikiwe|Nnamdi Azikiwe Stadium]] * Ebe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie nke Mba * Isi ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara nke Nigeria Television Authority * Federal Character Commission Enugu * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ọrụ, Ọrụ na Mmepụta Ihe * Ngalaba Ọrụ Ugbo na Mmepe Ime Obodo * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ahụike * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi * Ngalaba Nchebe Steeti (DSS) Isi ụlọ ọrụ Enugu * [[National Archives nke Naịjirịa]] * Nigerian Export Promotion Council South East Regional Office * Ụlọ Ọrụ Inshọransị Naịjirịa (NDIC) Ụlọ Ọrụ Zonal * Ụlọ Ọrụ akụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ụlọ Ọrụ Enugu * Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) Enugu State Zonal Office * Ebe Nzukọ Mba Nile nke Enugu * West African Examinations Council (WAEC) Enugu Zonal Office * Ụlọ Ahịa SPAR * [[National Orthopaedic Hospital, Igbobi|National Orthopaedic Hospital]] * Federal Government College Enugu * [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum nke Naijiria]] Nsukka Enugu Campus Branch * Institute of Management and Technology (IMT) Enugu Campus * [[Enugu State University of Science and Technology]] (ESUT) == Ebe ahịa == Ogui bụ ebe nnukwu ahịa dị na Enugu Steeti, <ref>{{Cite book|title=[https://www.nigeriagalleria.com/Nigeria/States_Nigeria/Enugu/Popular-Markets-in-Enugu-State.html]}}</ref> New Haven Market, Old Artisan Market, New Artisan Market, Afia N'ime Market nke dịkwa na Ogui. == Ebe ofufe == * Ụlọ ụka nrigoro Kraịst Ogui * Ụlọ ụka nke Mgbanwe Ọdịdị nke Onyenweanyị Ihewuzi * Dunamis International Gospel Center * Ebenezer Anglican Church * Katidral Mmụọ Nsọ * Ụlọ ụka St. Faith Anglican * Ụlọ ụka St. Luke Anglican Ogui == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} 9za87ze60zwfxd131jltbs3rv8iont2 0 76528 654154 2026-06-06T17:04:29Z King ChristLike 13051 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357427188|Air pollution in Nigeria]]" 654154 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Mmetọ ikuku]] na Naịjirịa''' bụ nnukwu nsogbu gburugburu n'ebe obibi na ahụike ọhaneze nke sitere na anwụrụ ụgbọ ala, ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ịgba ọkụ, na ojiji nke mmanụ siri ike maka isi nri. Obodo mepere emepe ndị dị ka [[Lagos]], [[Abuja]], na [[Kano]] na-enwe oke mmetọ, na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọrịa iku ume na ọnwụ mberede. Dị ka ụlọ akụ ụwa si kwuo, ọnụ ahịa akụ na ụba nke mmetọ ikuku na Lagos naanị e mere atụmatụ na ihe karịrị ijeri $2 n'afọ 2018. N'agbanyeghị iwu gburugburu ebe obibi dị ugbu a, mmanye ka na-adịghị ike, na mmepe obodo ngwa ngwa na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka ikuku dị njọ na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos|accessdate=2025-10-25|work=World Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Pona|first=Hyellai Titus|date=2021-03-23|title=Environmental health situation in Nigeria: current status and future needs|journal=Heliyon|volume=7|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06330|issn=2405-8440|pmid=33851039}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iqair.com/us/nigeria|title=Nigeria Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Pollution information|publisher=IQAir|accessdate=2026-05-05}}</ref> == Ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku na Naịjirịa == Ụfọdụ ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku na Naịjirịa bu: === Mmanụ ala na-esi n'ụgbọala apụta === Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụgbọala bụ ndị oge ochie, a na-elekọta ha nke ọma, ma na-agba ọsọ na gas dị ala. Ụgbọala ndị a na-ewepụta Carbon monoxide (CO) nke bụ gas na-egbu egbu, nke dị njọ ná ndụ [[People|ndị mmadụ]]. mmebi ozuzo acid na anwụrụ ọkụ sitere na nitrogen oxides (NOx). Particulate matter (PM): ụmụ irigiri ihe na-emebi obi na [[Akpa Nkuume|akpa ume]]. A na-emepụta Ozone dị n'ala mgbe NOx na volatile organic compounds (VOCs) jikọtara ọnụ. Otu gas na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nke na-akpali Mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ carbon dioxide (CO<nowiki><sub id="mwLQ">2</sub></nowiki>). Mgbasa ikuku na-aghọ nchegbu ka ukwuu maka ahụike ọha na eze n'ihi ụgbọ ala ochie, na ụkpụrụ mmanụ ụgbọala dị ala. Nke a nwere njikọ na mmụba nke ọrịa iku ume n'obodo ndị dị ka [[Lagos]], [[Abuja]], na [[Kano]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos|accessdate=2025-10-10|work=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ === Ihe nke abụọ na-akpata mmetọ ikuku bụ mmetọ ụlọ ọrụ. A na-ahụ oke mmetọ na mpaghara azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dịka [[Apapa]], [[Idumota Market|Idumota]], [[Ikeja]], na Odogunyan, nke bụ ebe ụlọ ọrụ na-eshipụta mmanụ, ígwè, simenti, kemịkalụ, na azụmahịa ngwa ụlọ. A na-emepụta mmetọ dị ukwuu site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ simenti, ụlọ nrụpụta ihe, na ebe a na-egwupụta okwute. Ịkụ ọkụ nke gas sitere n'okike bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nke na-ewepụta CO₂, NO_x, na mmetọ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka otu nnyocha si kwuo, mmetọ ikuku gburugburu ebe obibi na [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]] mere ka e nwee ihe ruru ijeri $2.1 n'afọ 2018. Ọnụọgụgụ a na-anọchite anya ihe dị ka 2.1% nke Gross Domestic Product (GDP) nke steeti ahụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos|accessdate=2025-10-10|work=World Bank|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos "The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos"]. ''World Bank''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> A na-ekwu na ọ bụ mmetụta [[Health|ahụike]] nke mmetọ ikuku, gụnyere mmụba nke ọrịa na ọnwụ mberede, nke metụtara mmepụta nke ndị ọrụ ma tinye ibu arọ ndị ọzọ na Usoro nlekọta ahụike.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Nigeria has highest number of air pollution-related child pneumonia deaths in the world|url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/press-releases/nigeria-has-highest-number-air-pollution-related-child-pneumonia-deaths-world|accessdate=2025-10-10|work=www.unicef.org|language=en}}</ref> == Mmetụta == === Mmetọ ikuku === [[Mmetọ ikuku]] bụ nsogbu ahụike ọhaneze na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ọkachasị maka ụmụaka (n'okpuru afọ ise). A na-ebo mmetọ ikuku ebubo maka ọnwụ 67,416 metụtara oyi bara ya n'ahụ n'ime ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise n'afọ 2019. Mmetọ ikuku n'ụlọ, nke ka ukwuu site na nri n'ime ụlọ na Ojiji mmanụ ụgbọala siri ike eme ihe, kpatara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 78% nke ọnwụ oyi bara ya n'ahụ metụtara mmetọ. Ogologo oge nke mmetọ ikuku ejikọtakwala na ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke nsogbu obi, ọrịa kansa, na nsonaazụ ime ime na-adịghị mma, yana ọnọdụ iku ume dị ka ụkwara ume na ọrịa akpa ume na-adịghị ala ala (COPD). Dabere na nnyocha, ọkwa [[Ọnọdụ ikuku ime ụlọ|Mmetọ ime ụlọ]] na ụlọ akwụkwọ ụfọdụ, ọkachasị ndị dị na mpaghara obodo mepere emepe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, nwere ike ịdị elu karịa ọkwa mpụga, nke na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ ahụike dịkwuo njọ maka ndị ọrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Nigeria has highest number of air pollution-related child pneumonia deaths in the world|url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/press-releases/nigeria-has-highest-number-air-pollution-related-child-pneumonia-deaths-world|accessdate=2025-10-10|work=www.unicef.org|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/press-releases/nigeria-has-highest-number-air-pollution-related-child-pneumonia-deaths-world "Nigeria has highest number of air pollution-related child pneumonia deaths in the world"]. ''www.unicef.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Ihe ịma aka na ihe ndị aga emechi == * Ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Naịjirịa enweghị ụlọ ọrụ nlekota ikuku dị elu, nke na-eme ka o sie ike ịnakọta data zuru ezu maka nyocha ziri ezi na ime iwu. * Mmejuputa iwu na-adịghị ike: N'agbanyeghị ịdị adị nke iwu nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ikuku, mmanye ka dị ala, na ngwongwo ikuku na-abụkarị nke oge ma ọ bụ nke a na-eme nke ọma.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos|accessdate=2025-10-10|work=World Bank|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos "The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos"]. ''World Bank''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-10-10</span></span>.</cite></ref> * Mmepe obodo ngwa ngwa na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ: Obodo na-eto ngwa ngwa karịa ka akụrụngwa nwere ike ijikwa, nke na-amụba ikuku sitere na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ụgbọala, na owuwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mahmud|first=Khaled|date=2023-12-01|title=Temporal assessment of air quality in major cities in Nigeria using satellite data|journal=Atmospheric Environment: X|volume=20|doi=10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100227|issn=2590-1621}}</ref> * Enweghị ọkụ eletrik: Enweghị ike eletrik na-eme ugboro ugboro na-eduga n'ịdabere na mmanụ dizel na igwe na-enye ọkụ, nke na-ebuli oke mmetọ ikuku n'obodo ukwu. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} 9k7a4reka7lldnwpsxz823t0dex2s20 654155 654154 2026-06-06T17:09:31Z King ChristLike 13051 fixed ref error 654155 wikitext text/x-wiki '''[[Mmetọ ikuku]] na Naịjirịa''' bụ nnukwu nsogbu gburugburu n'ebe obibi na ahụike ọhaneze nke sitere na anwụrụ ụgbọ ala, ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ịgba ọkụ, na ojiji nke mmanụ siri ike maka isi nri. Obodo mepere emepe ndị dị ka [[Lagos]], [[Abuja]], na [[Kano]] na-enwe oke mmetọ, na-eduga n'ịbawanye ọrịa iku ume na ọnwụ mberede. Dị ka ụlọ akụ ụwa si kwuo, ọnụ ahịa akụ na ụba nke mmetọ ikuku na Lagos naanị e mere atụmatụ na ihe karịrị ijeri $2 n'afọ 2018. N'agbanyeghị iwu gburugburu ebe obibi dị ugbu a, mmanye ka na-adịghị ike, na mmepe obodo ngwa ngwa na-aga n'ihu na-eme ka ikuku dị njọ na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos|accessdate=2025-10-25|work=World Bank|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Pona|first=Hyellai Titus|date=2021-03-23|title=Environmental health situation in Nigeria: current status and future needs|journal=Heliyon|volume=7|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06330|issn=2405-8440|pmid=33851039}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iqair.com/us/nigeria|title=Nigeria Air Quality Index (AQI) and Air Pollution information|publisher=IQAir|accessdate=2026-05-05}}</ref> == Ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku na Naịjiria == Ụfọdụ ihe na-akpata mmetọ ikuku na Naịjirịa bu: === Mmanụ ala na-esi n'ụgbọala apụta === Ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụgbọala bụ ndị oge ochie, a na-elekọta ha nke ọma, ma na-agba ọsọ na gas dị ala. Ụgbọala ndị a na-ewepụta Carbon monoxide (CO) nke bụ gas na-egbu egbu, nke dị njọ ná ndụ [[People|ndị mmadụ]]. mmebi ozuzo acid na anwụrụ ọkụ sitere na nitrogen oxides (NOx). Particulate matter (PM): ụmụ irigiri ihe na-emebi obi na [[Akpa Nkuume|akpa ume]]. A na-emepụta Ozone dị n'ala mgbe NOx na volatile organic compounds (VOCs) jikọtara ọnụ. Otu gas na-eme ka ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nke na-akpali Mgbanwe ihu igwe bụ carbon dioxide (CO<nowiki><sub id="mwLQ">2</sub></nowiki>). Mgbasa ikuku na-aghọ nchegbu ka ukwuu maka ahụike ọha na eze n'ihi ụgbọ ala ochie, na ụkpụrụ mmanụ ụgbọala dị ala. Nke a nwere njikọ na mmụba nke ọrịa iku ume n'obodo ndị dị ka [[Lagos]], [[Abuja]], na [[Kano]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=The Cost of Air Pollution in Lagos|url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/publication/the-cost-of-air-pollution-in-lagos|accessdate=2025-10-10|work=World Bank|language=en}}</ref> === Mgbasa ozi ụlọ ọrụ === Ihe nke abụọ na-akpata mmetọ ikuku bụ mmetọ ụlọ ọrụ. A na-ahụ oke mmetọ na mpaghara azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe dịka [[Apapa]], [[Idumota Market|Idumota]], [[Ikeja]], na Odogunyan, nke bụ ebe ụlọ ọrụ na-eshipụta mmanụ, ígwè, simenti, kemịkalụ, na azụmahịa ngwa ụlọ. A na-emepụta mmetọ dị ukwuu site na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ụlọ ọrụ simenti, ụlọ nrụpụta ihe, na ebe a na-egwupụta okwute. Ịkụ ọkụ nke gas sitere n'okike bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nke na-ewepụta CO₂, NO_x, na mmetọ ndị ọzọ. Dị ka otu nnyocha si kwuo, mmetọ ikuku gburugburu ebe obibi na [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos Steeti]] mere ka e nwee ihe ruru ijeri $2.1 n'afọ 2018. Ọnụọgụgụ a na-anọchite anya ihe dị ka 2.1% nke Gross Domestic Product (GDP) nke steeti ahụ.<ref name=":0" /> A na-ekwu na ọ bụ mmetụta [[Health|ahụike]] nke mmetọ ikuku, gụnyere mmụba nke ọrịa na ọnwụ mberede, nke metụtara mmepụta nke ndị ọrụ ma tinye ibu arọ ndị ọzọ na Usoro nlekọta ahụike.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Nigeria has highest number of air pollution-related child pneumonia deaths in the world|url=https://www.unicef.org/nigeria/press-releases/nigeria-has-highest-number-air-pollution-related-child-pneumonia-deaths-world|accessdate=2025-10-10|work=www.unicef.org|language=en}}</ref> == Mmetụta == === Mmetọ ikuku === [[Mmetọ ikuku]] bụ nsogbu ahụike ọhaneze na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]], ọkachasị maka ụmụaka (n'okpuru afọ ise). A na-ebo mmetọ ikuku ebubo maka ọnwụ 67,416 metụtara oyi bara ya n'ahụ n'ime ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise n'afọ 2019. Mmetọ ikuku n'ụlọ, nke ka ukwuu site na nri n'ime ụlọ na Ojiji mmanụ ụgbọala siri ike eme ihe, kpatara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 78% nke ọnwụ oyi bara ya n'ahụ metụtara mmetọ. Ogologo oge nke mmetọ ikuku ejikọtakwala na ihe ize ndụ dị elu nke nsogbu obi, ọrịa kansa, na nsonaazụ ime ime na-adịghị mma, yana ọnọdụ iku ume dị ka ụkwara ume na ọrịa akpa ume na-adịghị ala ala (COPD). Dabere na nnyocha, ọkwa [[Ọnọdụ ikuku ime ụlọ|Mmetọ ime ụlọ]] na ụlọ akwụkwọ ụfọdụ, ọkachasị ndị dị na mpaghara obodo mepere emepe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, nwere ike ịdị elu karịa ọkwa mpụga, nke na-eme ka ihe ize ndụ ahụike dịkwuo njọ maka ndị ọrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ.<ref name=":1" /> == Ihe ịma aka na ihe ndị aga emechi == * Ọtụtụ akụkụ nke Naịjirịa enweghị ụlọ ọrụ nlekota ikuku dị elu, nke na-eme ka o sie ike ịnakọta data zuru ezu maka nyocha ziri ezi na ime iwu. * Mmejuputa iwu na-adịghị ike: N'agbanyeghị ịdị adị nke iwu nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi na nke ikuku, mmanye ka dị ala, na ngwongwo ikuku na-abụkarị nke oge ma ọ bụ nke a na-eme nke ọma.<ref name=":0" /> * Mmepe obodo ngwa ngwa na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ: Obodo na-eto ngwa ngwa karịa ka akụrụngwa nwere ike ijikwa, nke na-amụba ikuku sitere na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, ụgbọala, na owuwu.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mahmud|first=Khaled|date=2023-12-01|title=Temporal assessment of air quality in major cities in Nigeria using satellite data|journal=Atmospheric Environment: X|volume=20|doi=10.1016/j.aeaoa.2023.100227|issn=2590-1621}}</ref> * Enweghị ọkụ eletrik: Enweghị ike eletrik na-eme ugboro ugboro na-eduga n'ịdabere na mmanụ dizel na igwe na-enye ọkụ, nke na-ebuli oke mmetọ ikuku n'obodo ukwu. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} p49n85bbwidzx1pcopjdlwwypvbpopi 0 76529 654157 2026-06-06T17:36:55Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357505183|Okpofe]]" 654157 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  '''Okpofe''' bụ obodo na-achị onwe ya nke dị na mpaghara[[Ezinihitte Mbaise]]" na Imo Steeti, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nwere ókèala ya na obodo Itu, Ezeagbogu, Ihitte, Amumara na Oboama. Okpofe bụ etiti ezinụlọ Ezinihitte Mbaise, ọ bụkwa naanị ya bụ obodo dị na Ezinihitte Mbaise nke na-esoghị na mpaghara gọọmentị ọzọ dị na Imo Steeti. Ọ bụ obodo pụrụ iche na Ezinihitte. [gịnị mere?] Ọ nọkwa na ndekọ na e guzobere [[ụlọ ụka ndi Catholic|Chọọchị Roman Katọlik]] mbụ n'obodo Okpofe n'afọ 1918 mgbe ndị ozi ala si obodo oyibo kpọbatara n'obodo ahụ hiwere Misa Katọlik nke mbụ na ụlọ nsọ nke Inyama Oguegbe Ajero, onye n'onwe ya bụ bu Eze nke Abụọ nke obodo ochie ahụ mgbe Chief Mbagwu chịchara. Ezinihitte Mbaise (ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, obodo ahụ mere emume otu narị afọ nke Ụlọ ụka Roman Katọlik dịrị na Okpofe.) [nkọwa dị mkpa] Anglican Juniorate na Mbaise dịkwa na Okpofe.   Onye ọchịchị ọdịnala mbụ ya n'oge a bụ [[Eze Ewulonu Modestus C. Anyankah]], onye rịgooro n'ocheeze mgbe ọ dị afọ 42, nke nwa nwanyị Umuimee mụrụ n'aka nwoke Okwu. Taa, ihe omume ọdịnala nke obodo ahụ nọ n'okpuru nlekọta nke Eze Sir Reginald Jesse Chukwuma Aguwamba, onye a kọwara dị ka "nwoke nke ndị mmadụ", onye nwanne nna ya bụ onye isi ikpeazụ nke kpuwere [[Eze Anyankah]] okpueze n'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1970. Eze Reginald Aguwamba bụ onye nwoke si Umuimee mụrụ. (Mara ihe dị mkpa maka obodo Umuimee a dị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ọchịchị Eze na Okpofe). Eze Aguwamba bụ onye na-enyocha ala site n'ọrụ ya, o ji aka ya laa ezumike nká na Owerri Capital Development Authority iji jeere ala nna ya ozi dị ka Eze Oha nke Abụọ. Ruo ugbu a, ọ duru obodo ahụ gaa n'ọnọdụ dị mma na Emume Oji Ezinihitte nke ọ dịghị obodo ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ nwetara n'oge 2013 Emume Oji na Okpofe na nke e mechiri na Ezeagbogu. N'ime ọnwa ole na ole mbụ ọ nọ n'ọchịchị, ụfọdụ ọrụ mmepe ndị ọzọ sitere na Gọọmentị Steeti Imo batara na Okpofe. Akụkọ banyere Okpofe enweghị ike ịzu oke na-enweghị aha Sydney Ngozi Njoku nwụrụ anwụ. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka o jiri aka ya wuo Okpofe Secondary School, Okpofe Town Hall na Okpofe Post Office. O nyere nnukwu onyinye ego maka ọrụ ndị a. Ọ rụrụ ma kpebie ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepe mmadụ na nhazi na Okpofe, Ezinihitte na steeti Imo n'ozuzu ya. "Singoz", dịka a na-akpọ ya, nwụrụ n'afọ 1982 mgbe ọ dị afọ 42. Ọzọkwa onyinye nke onye nwụrụ anwụ Hon Chief Dr Athanasius Nwaogazi Awuja JP MON bụ onye a mụrụ na November 7, 1933, nye ezinụlọ nke late Chief Awuja Eke nke Umueche. Chukwuoma Okpofe, onye nlereanya ṅomiri nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị Okpofe lere anya kwadoro nkuzi nke ukwuu, ndị nne na nna nyere ndị nke ha ndụmọdụ nke ukwuu ka ha dị uchu n'ọmụmụ ihe dịka Nwogazi Awuja. Ya wa nye karịchara ọtụtụ ụmụ Okpofe egoenyemaka ịgụ akwụkwọ; ndị bụ ụmụ amaala ama ama na Naijiria taa. Chief A N Awuja na nwunye ya Lolo Madam Grace U Awuja (Nne Ebegbulem Enyinna) chọpụtara The Sacred Heart Hospital Okpofe iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere nlekọta ahụike n'ime obodo ha. N'ịkwado mmụọ ịhụ mba n'anya ya na-enweghị atụ na ntinye aka na mmepe obodo Okpofe, HRH Eze E.M.C Anyankah Ezeoha 1 nke Okpofe nwụrụ anwụ nyere ya ọkwa ọchịchị dịka Aladịmma nke Okpofe na 26 Disemba 1985. N'afọ 1993, o nwetara nsọpụrụ ọzọ n'aka gọọmentị Imo steeti dịka JUSTICE OF PEACE (JP), nke kachasị onwe, onye Isiala mba Naijiria niile.-[[Olusegun Obasanjo]] nyere ya nsọpụrụ mba nke MON n'afọ 2006. == Obodo nta == Okpofe, nke kewara n'ụzọ sara mbara n'akụkụ abụọ - Umuerim na Imoko, nwere obodo iri na abụọ ya bụ: * Chukwuoma * Umuafoeze * Umuocha * Umumgbadi * Okwu * Okpuala * Umuoma * Umuimee * Umuotirikpo * Dimukwu * Umuke * Okwuaba (Mara na ndepụta a abụghị n'usoro nke ndị okenye. Obodo isii mbụ bụ nke Imoko ebe obodo isii ikpeazụ bụ nke Umuerim.) == Ahịa == Okpofe nwere ahịa etiti a na-akpọ Ahịa Afo-Ekiri, nke dị n'etiti obodo ahụ dum. A na-akpọkwa ya Ahia Afor n'ihi na a na-eme ya n'ụbọchị Afor. A na-akpọ ahịa nke abụọ, nke dị n'obodo Umuke, Nkwo-onyeokamma. A na-eme ya n'ụbọchị Nkwo.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498|title=Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498 "Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria"].</cite></ref> == Ụlọ Ụka == Ụlọ ụka abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Okpofe bụ Ụlọ ụka Kristi bụ Eze Katọlik na Ụlọ ụka St Mark's Anglican. E nwekwara ndị ọzọ dịka ndị Apostolic, Assemblies of God, Christ Chosen, Christ Faith, Seventh-Day Adventist, Cherubim na Seraphim, Christ Solution Ministry, na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498|title=Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria}}</ref> == Ụlọ akwụkwọ == Okpofe Community nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị (Okpofe Secondary School), na Anglican Juniorate (Mary Sumner Juniorate), ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị atọ (Central School nke a makwaara dị ka CKS, Community School, na Group School Okpofe), na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọdrị nke mmadụ nwe (Bro Fab). == Ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ == * Ụlọ akụ na-ahụ Micri-finance * Ụlọ nzukọ obodo Okpofe * Ebe nlekọta ahụike bụ isi * Ụlọ ọgwụ mmadụ nwe na ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-amụ nwa * Post Ọfịs * Ebe Azụmaahịa * Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara * Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị ọzọ == Okpofe Improvement Union (OIU) == Okpofe Improvement Union bụ njikọ nke ụmụ amaala Okpofe ebe ọ bụla ha bi na mba ahụ na ala. OIU Home and Abroad bụ isi obodo na Community Development Council (CDC) nke Okpofe. Ọ bụ akụkụ na-eme iwu nke obodo. OIU Home and Abroad nwere alaka njikọ na: Port Harcourt, [[Òwèrè|Owerri]], [[Aba, Nigeria|Aba]], [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], Lagos, [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], [[Warri]], [[Calabar]], [[Kaduna]], [[Ibadan]], [[Abuja]], [[Kano]], New York City, New Jersey (dị ka Okpofe Dev. Association - ODA), Washington DC/Maryland/Virginia, na Canada. OIU Home and Abroad na-ahazi ma na-enye aka na mmepe na imezi obodo. Ọ bụ Dr Chief Emmanuel Ohuakanwa Uba na-eduzi ya ugbu a dị ka Onye isi ala (PG). Ndị isi ọrụ gara aga gụnyere Chief Ralph Okeahialam Ntiajuka, Chief Eric I. C.Nwankwo, Chief Dr Festus Ekpewerechi Ngumah na ndị ọzọ. === Afọ ole na ole === Agba afọ ndụ Okpofe bụ njikọ nke ụmụ nwoke Okpofe ndị a mụrụ n'ime otu afọ, nke na-abụkarị afọ atọ, ya mere ha nwere afọ ole a kara aka. Agba a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe na ịkwalite ọdịnala nke obodo. Ihe ndị a bụ akara afọ na Okpofe: * Chikwadoro * Ugochukwu * Igwebuike * Ndiekwoaba * Ezinwanne * Ogueri * Udo-Abia * Ahaoma * Akurulo * Udokamma * Ariri eri mba == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} c3x3u5puqf5aotjcz33zxekxsrv0hdk 654158 654157 2026-06-06T17:40:56Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Corrected reference error 654158 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  '''Okpofe''' bụ obodo na-achị onwe ya nke dị na mpaghara[[Ezinihitte Mbaise]]" na Imo Steeti, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nwere ókèala ya na obodo Itu, Ezeagbogu, Ihitte, Amumara na Oboama. Okpofe bụ etiti ezinụlọ Ezinihitte Mbaise, ọ bụkwa naanị ya bụ obodo dị na Ezinihitte Mbaise nke na-esoghị na mpaghara gọọmentị ọzọ dị na Imo Steeti. Ọ bụ obodo pụrụ iche na Ezinihitte. [gịnị mere?] Ọ nọkwa na ndekọ na e guzobere [[ụlọ ụka ndi Catholic|Chọọchị Roman Katọlik]] mbụ n'obodo Okpofe n'afọ 1918 mgbe ndị ozi ala si obodo oyibo kpọbatara n'obodo ahụ hiwere Misa Katọlik nke mbụ na ụlọ nsọ nke Inyama Oguegbe Ajero, onye n'onwe ya bụ bu Eze nke Abụọ nke obodo ochie ahụ mgbe Chief Mbagwu chịchara. Ezinihitte Mbaise (ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, obodo ahụ mere emume otu narị afọ nke Ụlọ ụka Roman Katọlik dịrị na Okpofe.) [nkọwa dị mkpa] Anglican Juniorate na Mbaise dịkwa na Okpofe.   Onye ọchịchị ọdịnala mbụ ya n'oge a bụ [[Eze Ewulonu Modestus C. Anyankah]], onye rịgooro n'ocheeze mgbe ọ dị afọ 42, nke nwa nwanyị Umuimee mụrụ n'aka nwoke Okwu. Taa, ihe omume ọdịnala nke obodo ahụ nọ n'okpuru nlekọta nke Eze Sir Reginald Jesse Chukwuma Aguwamba, onye a kọwara dị ka "nwoke nke ndị mmadụ", onye nwanne nna ya bụ onye isi ikpeazụ nke kpuwere [[Eze Anyankah]] okpueze n'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1970. Eze Reginald Aguwamba bụ onye nwoke si Umuimee mụrụ. (Mara ihe dị mkpa maka obodo Umuimee a dị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ọchịchị Eze na Okpofe). Eze Aguwamba bụ onye na-enyocha ala site n'ọrụ ya, o ji aka ya laa ezumike nká na Owerri Capital Development Authority iji jeere ala nna ya ozi dị ka Eze Oha nke Abụọ. Ruo ugbu a, ọ duru obodo ahụ gaa n'ọnọdụ dị mma na Emume Oji Ezinihitte nke ọ dịghị obodo ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ nwetara n'oge 2013 Emume Oji na Okpofe na nke e mechiri na Ezeagbogu. N'ime ọnwa ole na ole mbụ ọ nọ n'ọchịchị, ụfọdụ ọrụ mmepe ndị ọzọ sitere na Gọọmentị Steeti Imo batara na Okpofe. Akụkọ banyere Okpofe enweghị ike ịzu oke na-enweghị aha Sydney Ngozi Njoku nwụrụ anwụ. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka o jiri aka ya wuo Okpofe Secondary School, Okpofe Town Hall na Okpofe Post Office. O nyere nnukwu onyinye ego maka ọrụ ndị a. Ọ rụrụ ma kpebie ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepe mmadụ na nhazi na Okpofe, Ezinihitte na steeti Imo n'ozuzu ya. "Singoz", dịka a na-akpọ ya, nwụrụ n'afọ 1982 mgbe ọ dị afọ 42. Ọzọkwa onyinye nke onye nwụrụ anwụ Hon Chief Dr Athanasius Nwaogazi Awuja JP MON bụ onye a mụrụ na November 7, 1933, nye ezinụlọ nke late Chief Awuja Eke nke Umueche. Chukwuoma Okpofe, onye nlereanya ṅomiri nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị Okpofe lere anya kwadoro nkuzi nke ukwuu, ndị nne na nna nyere ndị nke ha ndụmọdụ nke ukwuu ka ha dị uchu n'ọmụmụ ihe dịka Nwogazi Awuja. Ya wa nye karịchara ọtụtụ ụmụ Okpofe egoenyemaka ịgụ akwụkwọ; ndị bụ ụmụ amaala ama ama na Naijiria taa. Chief A N Awuja na nwunye ya Lolo Madam Grace U Awuja (Nne Ebegbulem Enyinna) chọpụtara The Sacred Heart Hospital Okpofe iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere nlekọta ahụike n'ime obodo ha. N'ịkwado mmụọ ịhụ mba n'anya ya na-enweghị atụ na ntinye aka na mmepe obodo Okpofe, HRH Eze E.M.C Anyankah Ezeoha 1 nke Okpofe nwụrụ anwụ nyere ya ọkwa ọchịchị dịka Aladịmma nke Okpofe na 26 Disemba 1985. N'afọ 1993, o nwetara nsọpụrụ ọzọ n'aka gọọmentị Imo steeti dịka JUSTICE OF PEACE (JP), nke kachasị onwe, onye Isiala mba Naijiria niile.-[[Olusegun Obasanjo]] nyere ya nsọpụrụ mba nke MON n'afọ 2006. == Obodo nta == Okpofe, nke kewara n'ụzọ sara mbara n'akụkụ abụọ - Umuerim na Imoko, nwere obodo iri na abụọ ya bụ: * Chukwuoma * Umuafoeze * Umuocha * Umumgbadi * Okwu * Okpuala * Umuoma * Umuimee * Umuotirikpo * Dimukwu * Umuke * Okwuaba (Mara na ndepụta a abụghị n'usoro nke ndị okenye. Obodo isii mbụ bụ nke Imoko ebe obodo isii ikpeazụ bụ nke Umuerim.) == Ahịa == Okpofe nwere ahịa etiti a na-akpọ Ahịa Afo-Ekiri, nke dị n'etiti obodo ahụ dum. A na-akpọkwa ya Ahia Afor n'ihi na a na-eme ya n'ụbọchị Afor. A na-akpọ ahịa nke abụọ, nke dị n'obodo Umuke, Nkwo-onyeokamma. A na-eme ya n'ụbọchị Nkwo {{Cite web|url=http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498|title=Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498 "Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria"].</cite></ref> == Ụlọ Ụka == Ụlọ ụka abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Okpofe bụ Ụlọ ụka Kristi bụ Eze Katọlik na Ụlọ ụka St Mark's Anglican. E nwekwara ndị ọzọ dịka ndị Apostolic, Assemblies of God, Christ Chosen, Christ Faith, Seventh-Day Adventist, Cherubim na Seraphim, Christ Solution Ministry, na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498|title=Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria}}</ref> == Ụlọ akwụkwọ == Okpofe Community nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị (Okpofe Secondary School), na Anglican Juniorate (Mary Sumner Juniorate), ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị atọ (Central School nke a makwaara dị ka CKS, Community School, na Group School Okpofe), na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọdrị nke mmadụ nwe (Bro Fab). == Ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ == * Ụlọ akụ na-ahụ Micri-finance * Ụlọ nzukọ obodo Okpofe * Ebe nlekọta ahụike bụ isi * Ụlọ ọgwụ mmadụ nwe na ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-amụ nwa * Post Ọfịs * Ebe Azụmaahịa * Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara * Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị ọzọ == Okpofe Improvement Union (OIU) == Okpofe Improvement Union bụ njikọ nke ụmụ amaala Okpofe ebe ọ bụla ha bi na mba ahụ na ala. OIU Home and Abroad bụ isi obodo na Community Development Council (CDC) nke Okpofe. Ọ bụ akụkụ na-eme iwu nke obodo. OIU Home and Abroad nwere alaka njikọ na: Port Harcourt, [[Òwèrè|Owerri]], [[Aba, Nigeria|Aba]], [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], Lagos, [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], [[Warri]], [[Calabar]], [[Kaduna]], [[Ibadan]], [[Abuja]], [[Kano]], New York City, New Jersey (dị ka Okpofe Dev. Association - ODA), Washington DC/Maryland/Virginia, na Canada. OIU Home and Abroad na-ahazi ma na-enye aka na mmepe na imezi obodo. Ọ bụ Dr Chief Emmanuel Ohuakanwa Uba na-eduzi ya ugbu a dị ka Onye isi ala (PG). Ndị isi ọrụ gara aga gụnyere Chief Ralph Okeahialam Ntiajuka, Chief Eric I. C.Nwankwo, Chief Dr Festus Ekpewerechi Ngumah na ndị ọzọ. === Afọ ole na ole === Agba afọ ndụ Okpofe bụ njikọ nke ụmụ nwoke Okpofe ndị a mụrụ n'ime otu afọ, nke na-abụkarị afọ atọ, ya mere ha nwere afọ ole a kara aka. Agba a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe na ịkwalite ọdịnala nke obodo. Ihe ndị a bụ akara afọ na Okpofe: * Chikwadoro * Ugochukwu * Igwebuike * Ndiekwoaba * Ezinwanne * Ogueri * Udo-Abia * Ahaoma * Akurulo * Udokamma * Ariri eri mba == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} bmj4x9w1vhbw92mwf83yemkuq6n0r4c 654258 654158 2026-06-07T08:19:26Z Iwuala Judith Chinenyenwa 24940 Added audio pronunciation 654258 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>  '''Okpofe''' {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Chigozirim2005-Okpofe.wav|Listen}} bụ obodo na-achị onwe ya nke dị na mpaghara[[Ezinihitte Mbaise]]" na Imo Steeti, [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nwere ókèala ya na obodo Itu, Ezeagbogu, Ihitte, Amumara na Oboama. Okpofe bụ etiti ezinụlọ Ezinihitte Mbaise, ọ bụkwa naanị ya bụ obodo dị na Ezinihitte Mbaise nke na-esoghị na mpaghara gọọmentị ọzọ dị na Imo Steeti. Ọ bụ obodo pụrụ iche na Ezinihitte. [gịnị mere?] Ọ nọkwa na ndekọ na e guzobere [[ụlọ ụka ndi Catholic|Chọọchị Roman Katọlik]] mbụ n'obodo Okpofe n'afọ 1918 mgbe ndị ozi ala si obodo oyibo kpọbatara n'obodo ahụ hiwere Misa Katọlik nke mbụ na ụlọ nsọ nke Inyama Oguegbe Ajero, onye n'onwe ya bụ bu Eze nke Abụọ nke obodo ochie ahụ mgbe Chief Mbagwu chịchara. Ezinihitte Mbaise (ka ọ na-erule afọ 2018, obodo ahụ mere emume otu narị afọ nke Ụlọ ụka Roman Katọlik dịrị na Okpofe.) [nkọwa dị mkpa] Anglican Juniorate na Mbaise dịkwa na Okpofe.   Onye ọchịchị ọdịnala mbụ ya n'oge a bụ [[Eze Ewulonu Modestus C. Anyankah]], onye rịgooro n'ocheeze mgbe ọ dị afọ 42, nke nwa nwanyị Umuimee mụrụ n'aka nwoke Okwu. Taa, ihe omume ọdịnala nke obodo ahụ nọ n'okpuru nlekọta nke Eze Sir Reginald Jesse Chukwuma Aguwamba, onye a kọwara dị ka "nwoke nke ndị mmadụ", onye nwanne nna ya bụ onye isi ikpeazụ nke kpuwere [[Eze Anyankah]] okpueze n'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1970. Eze Reginald Aguwamba bụ onye nwoke si Umuimee mụrụ. (Mara ihe dị mkpa maka obodo Umuimee a dị na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Ọchịchị Eze na Okpofe). Eze Aguwamba bụ onye na-enyocha ala site n'ọrụ ya, o ji aka ya laa ezumike nká na Owerri Capital Development Authority iji jeere ala nna ya ozi dị ka Eze Oha nke Abụọ. Ruo ugbu a, ọ duru obodo ahụ gaa n'ọnọdụ dị mma na Emume Oji Ezinihitte nke ọ dịghị obodo ọzọ nọ n'ezinụlọ ahụ nwetara n'oge 2013 Emume Oji na Okpofe na nke e mechiri na Ezeagbogu. N'ime ọnwa ole na ole mbụ ọ nọ n'ọchịchị, ụfọdụ ọrụ mmepe ndị ọzọ sitere na Gọọmentị Steeti Imo batara na Okpofe. Akụkọ banyere Okpofe enweghị ike ịzu oke na-enweghị aha Sydney Ngozi Njoku nwụrụ anwụ. Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka o jiri aka ya wuo Okpofe Secondary School, Okpofe Town Hall na Okpofe Post Office. O nyere nnukwu onyinye ego maka ọrụ ndị a. Ọ rụrụ ma kpebie ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepe mmadụ na nhazi na Okpofe, Ezinihitte na steeti Imo n'ozuzu ya. "Singoz", dịka a na-akpọ ya, nwụrụ n'afọ 1982 mgbe ọ dị afọ 42. Ọzọkwa onyinye nke onye nwụrụ anwụ Hon Chief Dr Athanasius Nwaogazi Awuja JP MON bụ onye a mụrụ na November 7, 1933, nye ezinụlọ nke late Chief Awuja Eke nke Umueche. Chukwuoma Okpofe, onye nlereanya ṅomiri nke ọtụtụ ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị Okpofe lere anya kwadoro nkuzi nke ukwuu, ndị nne na nna nyere ndị nke ha ndụmọdụ nke ukwuu ka ha dị uchu n'ọmụmụ ihe dịka Nwogazi Awuja. Ya wa nye karịchara ọtụtụ ụmụ Okpofe egoenyemaka ịgụ akwụkwọ; ndị bụ ụmụ amaala ama ama na Naijiria taa. Chief A N Awuja na nwunye ya Lolo Madam Grace U Awuja (Nne Ebegbulem Enyinna) chọpụtara The Sacred Heart Hospital Okpofe iji nyere ụmụ nwanyị ohere nlekọta ahụike n'ime obodo ha. N'ịkwado mmụọ ịhụ mba n'anya ya na-enweghị atụ na ntinye aka na mmepe obodo Okpofe, HRH Eze E.M.C Anyankah Ezeoha 1 nke Okpofe nwụrụ anwụ nyere ya ọkwa ọchịchị dịka Aladịmma nke Okpofe na 26 Disemba 1985. N'afọ 1993, o nwetara nsọpụrụ ọzọ n'aka gọọmentị Imo steeti dịka JUSTICE OF PEACE (JP), nke kachasị onwe, onye Isiala mba Naijiria niile.-[[Olusegun Obasanjo]] nyere ya nsọpụrụ mba nke MON n'afọ 2006. == Obodo nta == Okpofe, nke kewara n'ụzọ sara mbara n'akụkụ abụọ - Umuerim na Imoko, nwere obodo iri na abụọ ya bụ: * Chukwuoma * Umuafoeze * Umuocha * Umumgbadi * Okwu * Okpuala * Umuoma * Umuimee * Umuotirikpo * Dimukwu * Umuke * Okwuaba (Mara na ndepụta a abụghị n'usoro nke ndị okenye. Obodo isii mbụ bụ nke Imoko ebe obodo isii ikpeazụ bụ nke Umuerim.) == Ahịa == Okpofe nwere ahịa etiti a na-akpọ Ahịa Afo-Ekiri, nke dị n'etiti obodo ahụ dum. A na-akpọkwa ya Ahia Afor n'ihi na a na-eme ya n'ụbọchị Afor. A na-akpọ ahịa nke abụọ, nke dị n'obodo Umuke, Nkwo-onyeokamma. A na-eme ya n'ụbọchị Nkwo {{Cite web|url=http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498|title=Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498 "Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria"].</cite></ref> == Ụlọ Ụka == Ụlọ ụka abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Okpofe bụ Ụlọ ụka Kristi bụ Eze Katọlik na Ụlọ ụka St Mark's Anglican. E nwekwara ndị ọzọ dịka ndị Apostolic, Assemblies of God, Christ Chosen, Christ Faith, Seventh-Day Adventist, Cherubim na Seraphim, Christ Solution Ministry, na ndị ọzọ.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=http://ng.geoview.info/umuelagwa,2320498|title=Umuelagwa populated place, Imo State, Nigeria}}</ref> == Ụlọ akwụkwọ == Okpofe Community nwere ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị (Okpofe Secondary School), na Anglican Juniorate (Mary Sumner Juniorate), ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị atọ (Central School nke a makwaara dị ka CKS, Community School, na Group School Okpofe), na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọdrị nke mmadụ nwe (Bro Fab). == Ihe owuwu ndị ọzọ == * Ụlọ akụ na-ahụ Micri-finance * Ụlọ nzukọ obodo Okpofe * Ebe nlekọta ahụike bụ isi * Ụlọ ọgwụ mmadụ nwe na ụlọ ọgwụ ndị na-amụ nwa * Post Ọfịs * Ebe Azụmaahịa * Ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ ọta akara * Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ na ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ndị ọzọ == Okpofe Improvement Union (OIU) == Okpofe Improvement Union bụ njikọ nke ụmụ amaala Okpofe ebe ọ bụla ha bi na mba ahụ na ala. OIU Home and Abroad bụ isi obodo na Community Development Council (CDC) nke Okpofe. Ọ bụ akụkụ na-eme iwu nke obodo. OIU Home and Abroad nwere alaka njikọ na: Port Harcourt, [[Òwèrè|Owerri]], [[Aba, Nigeria|Aba]], [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], Lagos, [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], [[Warri]], [[Calabar]], [[Kaduna]], [[Ibadan]], [[Abuja]], [[Kano]], New York City, New Jersey (dị ka Okpofe Dev. Association - ODA), Washington DC/Maryland/Virginia, na Canada. OIU Home and Abroad na-ahazi ma na-enye aka na mmepe na imezi obodo. Ọ bụ Dr Chief Emmanuel Ohuakanwa Uba na-eduzi ya ugbu a dị ka Onye isi ala (PG). Ndị isi ọrụ gara aga gụnyere Chief Ralph Okeahialam Ntiajuka, Chief Eric I. C.Nwankwo, Chief Dr Festus Ekpewerechi Ngumah na ndị ọzọ. === Afọ ole na ole === Agba afọ ndụ Okpofe bụ njikọ nke ụmụ nwoke Okpofe ndị a mụrụ n'ime otu afọ, nke na-abụkarị afọ atọ, ya mere ha nwere afọ ole a kara aka. Agba a na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmepe na ịkwalite ọdịnala nke obodo. Ihe ndị a bụ akara afọ na Okpofe: * Chikwadoro * Ugochukwu * Igwebuike * Ndiekwoaba * Ezinwanne * Ogueri * Udo-Abia * Ahaoma * Akurulo * Udokamma * Ariri eri mba == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} 4l7tef8sjgvhq39xujjm7mrxd2f614p 3 76530 654159 2026-06-06T18:00:17Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 654159 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Afrowriter|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 18:00, 6 Jụn 2026 (UTC)}} j1he4efyxqh5j8eupmx0wvmlyftvzf7 0 76531 654160 2026-06-06T18:24:05Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357800104|And Then He Sang a Lullaby]]" 654160 wikitext text/x-wiki   And Then He Sang a Lullaby bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 2023 nke onye edemede Naijiria na onye na-eme ihe ike [[Ani Kayode Somtochukwu]] dere. E bipụtara ya dị ka aha izizi nke Roxane Gay Books nke Grove Press, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-agbaso ụmụ okorobịa Naijiria abụọ, August na Segun, ka ha na-agagharị n'ịhụnanya, njirimara, na homophobia na Naijiria nke oge a. A na-eto ọrụ ahụ maka ngosipụta ya nke ndụ queer na Naijiria ma nata ihe nrite Gold nke 2023 Foreword INDIES maka akụkọ ifo. <ref>{{Cite web|title="And Then He Sang a Lullaby" is a 2023 Foreword INDIES Winner|work=Foreword Reviews|date=6 June 2023|url=https://www.forewordreviews.com/awards/books/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ani Kayode Somtochukwu bụ onye Naịjirịa na-ede uri, edemede, ma bụrụkwa onye na-akwado ikike ndị queer. Ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ o dere, e dekwara ya dịka nzaghachi nye nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke iwu ndị LGBTQ na-eche ihu na Naịjirịa. Akụkọ a mere n'oge gbara gburugburu mmejuputa Iwu Mgbochi Alụmdi na Nwunye N'etiti Ndị Otu Nwoke ma ọ bụ Otu Nwanyị (Mmachibido Iwu) Act 2013, nke mere ka mmachi megide mmekọrịta ịhụnanya n'etiti ndị otu nwoke na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na nwanyị, nakwa mgba maka ikike ndị LGBTQ, sie ike karịa. == Atụmatụ == Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-agbanwe n'etiti echiche nke August na Segun. August, nwa akwụkwọ mahadum si [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], na-alụ ọgụ na obi amamikpe maka ọnwụ nne ya n'oge ọ na-amụ nwa na atụmanya ndị ezinụlọ ya nyere ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwoke na-adọrọ mmasị ya, ọ na-egbochi mmekọahụ ya n'ihi nkwenkwe okpukpe, nrụgide ezinụlọ, na egwu nke ịjụ ọha na eze. N'ụzọ dị iche, Segun na-ekwuputa nke ọma gbasara mmasị mmekọahụ ya n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-eche ihu mmegbu, ime ihe ike, na ịkpa ókè. Nne ya, onye na-agba mbọ maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ahụ ya, ma nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi. Mgbe ha abụọ zutere na mahadum, ha malitere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ọbụna na iwu na-emegide nwoke idina nwoke. == Nnakwere == Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ. Publishers Weekly kpọrọ ya "akụkọ ịhụnanya na-ezighi ezi ma na-adọrọ mmasị" ma mee ka ọ pụta ìhè na mmetụta uche ya na izi ezi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby by Ani Kayode|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780802160751|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> Ali Ortiz nke Foreword Reviews dere na ọ "na-ajụ ịhụnanya, nzuzo, na mgbanwe na Naịjirịa" ma too ngosipụta ya nke mmetụta nke okpukpe, ọdịnala, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ ndị queer .<ref>{{Cite web|title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby|url=https://www.forewordreviews.com/reviews/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/|work=Foreword Reviews|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * 2023 Okwu mbido INDIES Award maka akụkọ ifo * Ihe nrite Edmund White maka akụkọ ifo mbụ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Davidson|first=Ruth|title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby by Ani Kayode Somtochukwu|work=Foyles|date=17 August 2025|url=https://www.foyles.co.uk/book/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/ani-kayode-somtochukwu/9781804710197|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} 4vh3b3ui2pyg27pyxeuyaqq9x1m992h 0 76532 654177 2026-06-06T20:00:55Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308645710|Blessings (novel)]]" 654177 wikitext text/x-wiki   Blessings bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 2024 nke onye edemede Naijiria bụ [[Chukwuebuka Ibeh]] dere. Ọ bụ Penguin Random House's Viking Books imprint bipụtara ya na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/454618/blessings-by-ibeh-chukwuebuka/9780241618257|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} Blessings|work=Penguin Books Ltd}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=22-Year-Old Chukwuebuka Ibeh’s Debut Novel Blessings Will Be Published By Viking in 2024|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/11/22-year-old-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-blessings-will-be-published-by-viking-in-2024/|date=1 November 2022|accessdate=14 October 2024|work=[[Brittle Paper]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nchịkọta atụmatụ == Obiefuna bụ nwa mbụ nke nne na nna ya. N'ịbụ onye nne ya lere anya dị ka ngọzi nye ezinụlọ ahụ, ndụ ya gbanwere nke ukwuu mgbe onye na-amụ ọrụ nke nna ya bịara soro ha biri. Aboy batara n'ụlọ ma teta na Obiefuna, mmetụta ọ na-amaghị na o nwere. Mgbe nna ya chọpụtara na ha nọ n'ọnọdụ dị nso, ọ zigara Obiefuna n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi ma zipụ Aboy n'ụlọ. Site na whirlwinds na ule, Obiefuna na-achọpụta onwe ya n'akụkọ a na-ewu ewu nke mmezu onwe onye. == Onye dere ya == A mụrụ Chukwuebuka Ibeh na Port Harcourt, Naijiria, n'afọ 2000.<ref name="Bidisha">{{Cite news|author=Mamata|first=Bidisha|authorlink=Bidisha Mamata|date=2024-03-03|title=Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh review – when a clinch is a crime|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/mar/03/blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh-review-when-a-clinch-is-a|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=The Observer|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ na-agbaso nzere MFA ugbu a na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis, Missouri . <ref name="Ghosh">{{Cite web|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh's Forthcoming Novel Secures Film Agent and 4 International Book Deals|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/brittle-paper-alumnus-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-secures-film-agent-and-u-s-canada-german-and-spanish-book-deals/|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=18 May 2023|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGhosh2023">Ghosh, Kuhelika (18 May 2023). [https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/brittle-paper-alumnus-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-secures-film-agent-and-u-s-canada-german-and-spanish-book-deals/ "Chukwuebuka Ibeh's Forthcoming Novel Secures Film Agent and 4 International Book Deals"]. ''brittlepaper.com''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> Ihe odide ya,ka Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kọwara dịka nke “na-elebara ihe anya nke ọma nke ukwuu… ma juputara n’echiche ncheta banyere oge gara aga.”E bipụtala ọrụ ide ya n’akwụkwọ na magazin dịka McSweeney's Quarterly Concern, The New England Review of Books, na Dappled Things na Lolwe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2019|title=Purple Hibiscus Literary Evening Event with Chimamanda Adichie|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dc9ujmTiSG8&t=1319s|accessdate=2024-03-21|publisher=Brittle Paper|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021|url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/mcsweeney-s-issue-56|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=McSweeney's|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021|url=https://www.dappledthings.org/store/p/mary-queen-of-angels|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Dappled Things|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lolwe|date=2020-05-18|title=The Ache of Longing - Chukwuebuka Ibeh|url=https://lolwe.org/the-ache-of-longing/|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Lolwe|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Electric Literature kpọrọ ya otu n'ime "Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Zimmerman|first=Jess|date=2019-07-11|title=Meet the Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction|url=https://electricliterature.com/meet-the-most-promising-new-voices-of-nigerian-fiction/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=Electric Literature|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmepe na mbipụta == Viking Books kwupụtara nnweta ya nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ "ọrụ ebube" nke Ibeh n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Viking scoops 'miraculous' début by Ibeh in exclusive submission|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/viking-scoops-miraculous-debut-by-ibeh-in-exclusive-submission|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=[[The Bookseller]]|language=En|date=31 October 2022|first=Sian|author=Bayley}}</ref> Na Mee 2023, otu afọ tupu ewepụta akwụkwọ ahụ, e rere ikike ihe nkiri ahụ na The Artists Partnership, ụlọ ọrụ talent nke dị na London.<ref name="Ghosh">{{Cite web|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh's Forthcoming Novel Secures Film Agent and 4 International Book Deals|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/brittle-paper-alumnus-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-secures-film-agent-and-u-s-canada-german-and-spanish-book-deals/|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=18 May 2023|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Ibeh nyere TEDx Talk nke akpọrọ "What Are African Values?" nke e nyere na TEDxWUSTL na St Louis, Missouri. == Nnakwere == A nabatara Blessings nke ọma, nke gụnyere ndụmọdụ ọha na eze site n'aka Zadie Smith.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Debut Novel Zadie Smith Wants Everyone to Read: Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/09/the-debut-novel-zadie-smith-wants-everyone-to-read-blessing-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=25 September 2023}}</ref> Na ''The New York Times'', Joshua Barone toro akụkọ ahụ, na-akọwa ya dị ka "ihe na-ekpughe ma ọ bụ nke a na-edozighị edozi, nke dị mfe ma na-enwe ọtụtụ ụda, nke nwere olileanya ma jupụtara na obi mgbawa. " Nnyocha kpakpando ise na The Telegraph kpọrọ ya "a smart literary attack on Nigeria's anti-gay laws". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Barone|first=Joshua|date=2024-06-04|title=A Queer Coming-of-Age Tale, Set in a Brutal Anti-Gay World|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/books/review/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh.html|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Observer'' kọwara akwụkwọ akụkọ a dịka “akụkọ na-emetụ n’obi banyere Obiefuna, nwa okorobịa Naịjirịa nwere nkà ma nwee mmetụta miri emi, onye nna ya na-achọsi ike ịkwado omenala siri ike hụrụ ka ya na nwa okorobịa ọzọ nọ n’ọnọdụ ịhụnanya.” N’ikpeazụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ka ha kpọrọ “ọrụ mbụ na-akpali mmetụta ma na-emetụ n’obi nke ukwuu.” ''Buzz Magazine'' kpọrọ ya “nnyocha miri emi banyere njirimara onwe onye na nnabata.” ''The Sunday Times'' kọwara ya dịka “ọrụ mbụ na-emetụ n’obi banyere ịhụnanya na ịnọ naanị mmadụ.” N'ime nyocha na-adịchaghị mkpali, The Times Literary Supplement toro akwụkwọ ahụ maka "ihe nkiri ndị a rụrụ nke ọma", ka ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-atụ anya "ihe ngosi doro anya nke obodo ahụ na ndị Port Harcourt".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh-book-review-estelle-shirbon/|title=Magic and terror – Same-sex love in a hostile Nigeria|first=Estelle|author=Shirbon|work=TLS|date=March 1, 2024}}</ref> E depụtara Blessings maka onyinye edemede Wilbur Smith Adventure nke afọ 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Digital|first=Make|date=2024-04-30|title=2024 Longlist|url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/awards/best-published-novel-2019/2024-longlist|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Wilbur & Niso Smith Foundation|language=en}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ so na ndepụta ''Esquire'' nke akwụkwọ ndị a tụrụ aro na 2024 . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-01|title=The Biggest Books Landing on Your Reading List in 2024|first=Henry|author=Wong|url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/g46199447/best-books-2024/|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=Esquire|language=en-GB}}</ref> USA Today kpọrọ ya n'etiti "akwụkwọ kachasị mma nke ndị edemede ojii". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangino|first=Samantha|title=These are some of the best books by Black authors to read in 2024|url=https://reviewed.usatoday.com/lifestyle/features/books-black-authors-2024|date=23 February 2024|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=Reviewed|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} 4wu7h6ehq82w34b7pppasjntez1gmgl 654187 654177 2026-06-06T20:27:11Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1308645710|Blessings (novel)]]" 654187 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}Blessings bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 2024 nke onye edemede Naijiria bụ [[Chukwuebuka Ibeh]] dere. Ọ bụ Penguin Random House's Viking Books imprint bipụtara ya na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/454618/blessings-by-ibeh-chukwuebuka/9780241618257|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} Blessings|work=Penguin Books Ltd}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=22-Year-Old Chukwuebuka Ibeh’s Debut Novel Blessings Will Be Published By Viking in 2024|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/11/22-year-old-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-blessings-will-be-published-by-viking-in-2024/|date=1 November 2022|accessdate=14 October 2024|work=[[Brittle Paper]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nchịkọta atụmatụ == Obiefuna bụ nwa mbụ nke nne na nna ya. N'ịbụ onye nne ya lere anya dị ka ngọzi nye ezinụlọ ahụ, ndụ ya gbanwere nke ukwuu mgbe onye na-amụ ọrụ nke nna ya bịara soro ha biri. Aboy batara n'ụlọ ma teta na Obiefuna, mmetụta ọ na-amaghị na o nwere. Mgbe nna ya chọpụtara na ha nọ n'ọnọdụ dị nso, ọ zigara Obiefuna n'ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi ma zipụ Aboy n'ụlọ. Site na whirlwinds na ule, Obiefuna na-achọpụta onwe ya n'akụkọ a na-ewu ewu nke mmezu onwe onye. == Onye dere ya == A mụrụ Chukwuebuka Ibeh na Port Harcourt, Naijiria, n'afọ 2000.<ref name="Bidisha">{{Cite news|author=Mamata|first=Bidisha|authorlink=Bidisha Mamata|date=2024-03-03|title=Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh review – when a clinch is a crime|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/mar/03/blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh-review-when-a-clinch-is-a|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=The Observer|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ na-agbaso nzere MFA ugbu a na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis, Missouri . <ref name="Ghosh">{{Cite web|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh's Forthcoming Novel Secures Film Agent and 4 International Book Deals|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/brittle-paper-alumnus-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-secures-film-agent-and-u-s-canada-german-and-spanish-book-deals/|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=18 May 2023|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> Ihe odide ya,ka Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kọwara dịka nke “na-elebara ihe anya nke ọma nke ukwuu… ma juputara n’echiche ncheta banyere oge gara aga.”E bipụtala ọrụ ide ya n’akwụkwọ na magazin dịka McSweeney's Quarterly Concern, The New England Review of Books, na Dappled Things na Lolwe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2019|title=Purple Hibiscus Literary Evening Event with Chimamanda Adichie|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dc9ujmTiSG8&t=1319s|accessdate=2024-03-21|publisher=Brittle Paper|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021|url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/mcsweeney-s-issue-56|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=McSweeney's|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021|url=https://www.dappledthings.org/store/p/mary-queen-of-angels|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Dappled Things|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lolwe|date=2020-05-18|title=The Ache of Longing - Chukwuebuka Ibeh|url=https://lolwe.org/the-ache-of-longing/|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Lolwe|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Electric Literature kpọrọ ya otu n'ime "Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Zimmerman|first=Jess|date=2019-07-11|title=Meet the Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction|url=https://electricliterature.com/meet-the-most-promising-new-voices-of-nigerian-fiction/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=Electric Literature|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmepe na mbipụta == Viking Books kwupụtara nnweta ya nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ "ọrụ ebube" nke Ibeh n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Viking scoops 'miraculous' début by Ibeh in exclusive submission|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/viking-scoops-miraculous-debut-by-ibeh-in-exclusive-submission|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=[[The Bookseller]]|language=En|date=31 October 2022|first=Sian|author=Bayley}}</ref> Na Mee 2023, otu afọ tupu ewepụta akwụkwọ ahụ, e rere ikike ihe nkiri ahụ na The Artists Partnership, ụlọ ọrụ talent nke dị na London.<ref name="Ghosh">{{Cite web|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh's Forthcoming Novel Secures Film Agent and 4 International Book Deals|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/brittle-paper-alumnus-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-secures-film-agent-and-u-s-canada-german-and-spanish-book-deals/|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=18 May 2023|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Ibeh nyere TEDx Talk nke akpọrọ "What Are African Values?" nke e nyere na TEDxWUSTL na St Louis, Missouri. == Nnakwere == A nabatara Blessings nke ọma, nke gụnyere ndụmọdụ ọha na eze site n'aka Zadie Smith.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Debut Novel Zadie Smith Wants Everyone to Read: Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/09/the-debut-novel-zadie-smith-wants-everyone-to-read-blessing-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=25 September 2023}}</ref> Na ''The New York Times'', Joshua Barone toro akụkọ ahụ, na-akọwa ya dị ka "ihe na-ekpughe ma ọ bụ nke a na-edozighị edozi, nke dị mfe ma na-enwe ọtụtụ ụda, nke nwere olileanya ma jupụtara na obi mgbawa. " Nnyocha kpakpando ise na The Telegraph kpọrọ ya "a smart literary attack on Nigeria's anti-gay laws". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Barone|first=Joshua|date=2024-06-04|title=A Queer Coming-of-Age Tale, Set in a Brutal Anti-Gay World|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/books/review/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh.html|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> ''The Observer'' kọwara akwụkwọ akụkọ a dịka “akụkọ na-emetụ n’obi banyere Obiefuna, nwa okorobịa Naịjirịa nwere nkà ma nwee mmetụta miri emi, onye nna ya na-achọsi ike ịkwado omenala siri ike hụrụ ka ya na nwa okorobịa ọzọ nọ n’ọnọdụ ịhụnanya.” N’ikpeazụ, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ ka ha kpọrọ “ọrụ mbụ na-akpali mmetụta ma na-emetụ n’obi nke ukwuu.” ''Buzz Magazine'' kpọrọ ya “nnyocha miri emi banyere njirimara onwe onye na nnabata.” ''The Sunday Times'' kọwara ya dịka “ọrụ mbụ na-emetụ n’obi banyere ịhụnanya na ịnọ naanị mmadụ.” N'ime nyocha na-adịchaghị mkpali, The Times Literary Supplement toro akwụkwọ ahụ maka "ihe nkiri ndị a rụrụ nke ọma", ka ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-atụ anya "ihe ngosi doro anya nke obodo ahụ na ndị Port Harcourt".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh-book-review-estelle-shirbon/|title=Magic and terror – Same-sex love in a hostile Nigeria|first=Estelle|author=Shirbon|work=TLS|date=March 1, 2024}}</ref> E depụtara Blessings maka onyinye edemede Wilbur Smith Adventure nke afọ 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Digital|first=Make|date=2024-04-30|title=2024 Longlist|url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/awards/best-published-novel-2019/2024-longlist|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Wilbur & Niso Smith Foundation|language=en}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ so na ndepụta ''Esquire'' nke akwụkwọ ndị a tụrụ aro na 2024 . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-01|title=The Biggest Books Landing on Your Reading List in 2024|first=Henry|author=Wong|url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/g46199447/best-books-2024/|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=Esquire|language=en-GB}}</ref> USA Today kpọrọ ya n'etiti "akwụkwọ kachasị mma nke ndị edemede ojii". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangino|first=Samantha|title=These are some of the best books by Black authors to read in 2024|url=https://reviewed.usatoday.com/lifestyle/features/books-black-authors-2024|date=23 February 2024|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=Reviewed|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} htppvpwtyhuvd8vpc0yov927up8dof5 0 76533 654188 2026-06-06T21:01:34Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357228680|Clarissa (2026 film)]]" 654188 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Clarissa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Nke onye nduzi | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Arie Esiri * Chuko Esiri </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Edere ya | class="infobox-data" |Chuko Esiri |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Dabere na | class="infobox-data" |<div class="template-based-on">''Oriakụ Dalloway'' Virginia Woolf<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Mepụtara site na | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Arie Esiri * Chuko Esiri * Ogige Ntụrụndụ Theresa * Nicholas Weinstock </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Sophie Okonedo * India Amarteifio * Ayo Edebiri * Toheeb Jimoh * [[Nikki Amuka-Bird]] * [[David Oyelowo]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Ihe nkiri | class="infobox-data" |Jonathan Bloom |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Edere site na | class="infobox-data" |Blair McClendon |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Egwú site na | class="infobox-data" |Kelsey Lu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Per Capita Productions * Ụlọ Ọrụ Invention </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Nke e kesara site na | class="infobox-data" |Neon (United States) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ụbọchị a tọhapụrụ ya</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Mee 16, 2026 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2026-05-16</span>)&nbsp;</span> (Cannes) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Oge ịgba ọsọ</div> | class="infobox-data" |125 nkeji |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * United States * Naịjirịa * Ijipt </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Asụsụ | class="infobox-data" |Bekee |} '''''Clarissa''''' bụ ihe nkiri nke 2026 nke Arie Esiri na Chuko Esiri duziri ma mepụta. Ihe nkiri a bụ ihe ngosi nke oge a nke akwụkwọ akụkọ 1925 Mrs Dalloway nke Virginia Woolf, nke e mere na Lagos, Nigeria. Ndị na-eme ya bụ Sophie Okonedo, India Amarteifio, Ayo Edebiri, Toheeb Jimoh, [[Nikki Amuka-Bird]], na [[David Oyelowo]]. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara n'ụwa niile na ngalaba Directors' Fortnight nke 2026 Cannes Film Festival na Mee 16, ebe a họpụtara ya maka Queer Palm. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Clarissa|url=https://www.quinzaine-cineastes.fr/en/film/clarissa|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Quinzaine des cinéastes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Queer Palm - Festival de Cannes|url=https://queerpalm.org/|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=queerpalm.org}}</ref> == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Sophie Okonedo dị ka Clarissa India Amarteifio dị ka Clarisa na-eto eto ** India Amarteifio dị ka Clarissa na-eto eto * [[Nikki Amuka-Bird]] dị ka Sally, enyi Clarissa bụ ** Ayo Edebiri dị ka Sally na-eto eto * [[David Oyelowo]] dị ka Peter, onye bụbu onye Clarissa hụrụ n'anya ** Toheeb Jimoh dị ka Peter na-eto eto * Fortune Nwafor dị ka Septimus, onye agha nwere mmerụ ahụ * [[Modesinuola Ogundiwin]] dị ka Aisha, nwunye Septimus * Jude Akuwudike dị ka Richard, di Clarissa ** Ogranya dị ka Richard na-eto eto * Danny Sapani dị ka Ugo, enyi Clarissa Kehinde Cardoso dị ka Uago na-eto eto ** Kehinde Cardoso dị ka Ugo na-eto eto * Ụtọgbụgba Sọnde Dị ka Ntụkwasị Obi * [[Joke Silva]] dị ka Lady Maryam, onye isi Ugo == Mmepụta == N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, ụmụnne ejima na-eme ihe nkiri, Arie na Chuko Esiri, kwupụtara na ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ịmepụta ụdị ọhụrụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Mrs Dalloway'' nke Virginia Woolf dere na afọ 1925, ma tinye akụkọ ahụ n'oge a na Lagos, Naịjirịa.Chuko dere edemede ihe nkiri ahụ, ebe ya na nwanne ya Arie rụkwara ọrụ dịka ndị nrụpụta na ndị nduzi. Theresa Park nke Per Capita Productions na Nicholas Weinstock nke Invention Studios sonyere n'òtù mmepụta ihe nkiri ahụ. A họpụtara Sophie Okonedo dị ka Clarissa tupu edee edemede ahụ; dị ka ụmụnne ahụ si kwuo, Okonedo bụ naanị onye ha chere na ọ bụ ya. Ayo Edebiri mechara sonye na ọrụ ahụ dị ka Sally na-eto eto; na Adeberi na Okonedo, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ike inweta mmasị nke onye nduzi nhazi Nina Gold, na-enyere aka ịkwadebe ụzọ maka ndị fọdụrụ na ndị na-ese ihe iji gbakọta ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Georgiades|first=Luke|date=2026-05-21|title=Chuko and Arie Esiri on Clarissa, their Nigerian adaptation of Mrs. Dalloway|url=https://a-rabbitsfoot.com/editorial/film/cannes-2026/chuko-and-arie-esiri-on-clarissa-their-nigerian-adaptation-of-mrs-dalloway/|accessdate=2026-05-21|work=A Rabbit's Foot|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Blyth|first=Antonia|date=2026-05-19|title='Clarissa's Sophie Okonedo And Cast Cannes interview|url=https://deadline.com/video/clarissa-sophie-okonedo-david-oyelowo-cannes-interview/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Isi foto mere na Lagos na Delta State n'oge Nọvemba na Disemba 2025, na Jonathan Bloom na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke foto na 35mm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.16by16.co/blog/scores-and-the-city-sounds-of-16-with-chuko-esiri|work=16 By 16|accessdate=February 6, 2026|title=Scores and the City: SOUNDS OF 16 with CHUKO ESIRI|date=August 31, 2025}}</ref> A kọrọ na e mere ihe nkiri ahụ maka ihe na-erughị nde dọla ise, na ọkara nke ego sitere na CANEX Creations, nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka nke Fund for Export Development in Africa (FEDA), akụkụ itinye ego nke Afreximbank.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tabbara|first=Mona|title=Directors’ Fortnight’s ‘Clarissa’ filmmakers on their next feature and the future of Nigerian cinema|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/directors-fortnights-clarissa-filmmakers-on-their-next-feature-and-the-future-of-nigerian-cinema/5216812.article|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=Screen|language=en}}</ref> na MBO Capital, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ego nke onwe Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayeni|first=Ibukunoluwa|date=2026-02-09|title="Clarissa" Nigerian Cast Revealed: Modesinuola Ogundinwin, Joke Silva, Chigul, Chuks Joseph, Attached In Esiri Brothers’ Sophomore Feature|url=https://shockng.com/nigerian-cast-of-clarissa-movie-2026/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=ShockNG|language=en-US}}</ref><sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="218" href="./Neon_(company)" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Neon (company)">Neon Drops First Look for Buzzy Cannes Premiere ‘Clarissa’ (EXCLUSIVE)<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://variety.com/2026/film/global/canex-creations-african-film-neon-first-look-cannes-clarissa-1236749482/&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;access-date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2026-05-20&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;website&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Variety&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;language&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en-US&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}</nowiki>]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mw_g\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt34\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFVourlias2026\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Vourlias, Christopher (May 15, 2026). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://variety.com/2026/film/global/canex-creations-african-film-neon-first-look-cannes-clarissa-1236749482/\" id=\"mw_w\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"Canex Creations Boss Talks Global Ambitions for African Film as Neon Drops First Look for Buzzy Cannes Premiere 'Clarissa' (EXCLUSIVE)\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwAQA\">Variety</i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwAQE\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwAQI\">May 20,</span></nowiki> 2026<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-9" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Clarissa_(2026_film)#cite_note-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-02-20|title=CANEX Invests in Nigerian Feature ‘Clarissa’ as NEON Secures Global Rights|url=https://thehighstreetjournal.com/canex-invests-in-nigerianfeature-clarissa/|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2025, Neon nwetara ikike nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Matt|author=Grobar|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/clarissa-movie-acquired-neon-sophie-okonedo-david-oyelowo-1236711206/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=February 6, 2026|title=Neon Acquires 'Mrs. Dalloway' Reimagining 'Clarissa' Starring Sophie Okonedo, David Oyelowo, India Amarteifio, Ayo Edebiri & Toheeb Jimoh|date=February 6, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CLARISSA; Motion picture|work=[[U.S. Copyright Office]]|accessdate=10 February 2026|url=https://publicrecords.copyright.gov/detailed-record/rmm_voyager_V01504014100000}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Mgbe emesịrị ya na Cannes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị gụnyere <nowiki><i id="mwhQ">The Guardian</i></nowiki>, The Hollywood Reporter, The Wrap, na Screen Daily. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bradshaw|first=Peter|date=2026-05-16|title=Clarissa review – Sophie Okonedo mesmeric as Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway decamps to Nigeria|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/may/16/clarissa-review-virginia-woolf-mrs-dalloway-nigeria|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gyarkye|first=Lovia|date=2026-05-16|title=‘Clarissa’ Review: Sophie Okonedo and Ayo Edebiri in a Sharp and Stirring Nigeria-Set Take on ‘Mrs. Dalloway’|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/clarissa-review-sophie-okonedo-ayo-edebiri-david-oyelowo-1236597124/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hutchinson|first=Chase|date=2026-05-16|title=‘Clarissa’ Review: Sophie Okonedo Is Outstanding In Riveting Reimagining of Virginia Woolf’s ‘Mrs Dalloway’|url=https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/clarissa-review-sophie-okonedo-cannes/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=TheWrap|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Daniels|first=Robert|title=‘Clarissa’ review: Sophie Okonedo, David Oyelowo anchor bold Lagos-set ‘Mrs Dalloway’ adaptation|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/clarissa-review-sophie-okonedo-david-oyelowo-anchor-bold-lagos-set-mrs-dalloway-adaptation/5216760.article|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=Screen|language=en}}</ref> Na webụsaịtị nchịkọta nyocha ihe nkiri Rotten Tomatoes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara akara 100%, ma nwee nkezi ọkwa 8.2/10, dabere na nyocha 12. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|33335610}} {{Virginia Woolf}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 73sf7cxk596wfphspwrqi4gojwxdd5f 0 76534 654189 2026-06-06T21:04:34Z Chinemeremprince 13026 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1338112554|Henny van der Windt]]" 654189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Henny_van_der_Windt.jpg|thumb|Henny van der Windt na 2021 n'oge njem nleta na mpaghara Dutch Wadden Sea]] '''Hendrik Johannes (Henny) van der Windt''' (amụrụ na 22 Ọgọst 1955, na Vlaardingen) bụ prọfesọ mmekọ Dutch na Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, ọkachamara na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nkwado na sayensị, ọkachasị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nchekwa okike na gburugburu ebe obibi na n'etiti teknụzụ ike, atụmatụ ike mpaghara na mgbanwe ike. == Ntorobịa na ọmụmụ ihe == Van der Windt tolitere na Vlaardingen ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ('Hogere Burgerschool-B'). Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi Centraal Aksiekomitee Rijnmond na kọmitii ụmụ akwụkwọ dị iche iche na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gụrụ ihe ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na RijksUniversiteit Groningen (1972-1981). == PhD na ọnọdụ agụmakwụkwọ == O nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate ya na 1995 site na edemede PhD ya "En dan: kedu ihe bụ okike na ala dit?: natuurbescherming na Nederland 1880-1990" (E kwuwerị, gịnị bụ okike na mba a, nchekwa okike na Netherlands 1980-1990), yana isiakwụkwọ gbasara mmụba nke nchekwa okike, esemokwu dị n'etiti ọrụ ugbo na nchekwa okike, oke ọhịa, mweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa nke Osimiri Wadden. N'oge ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye nkuzi na Ngalaba Biology nke Mahadum Groningen. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye nchọpụta (post-doc) na Groningen n'ime usoro nyocha Ethics and Policy nke NWO N'ihe dị ka afọ 2000 ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na Science & Society Group (mgbe e mesịrị Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES)) nke Mahadum Groningen. == Nnyocha na agụmakwụkwọ == Ọ mụrụ mmekọrịta sayensị na ọha mmadụ gbasara genomics, [[Food|nri]], Mweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi, ike na nkwado, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Henny van der Windt|url=https://research.rug.nl/en/persons/henny-van-der-windt}}</ref> na-ejikọta ụzọ na nghọta sitere na ihe ndị dị ndụ, [[sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] na akụkọ ihe mere eme gburugburu ebe obibi yana sayensị da teknụzụ ọmụmụ. Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya gụnyere ọmụmụ dị iche iche dị ka afọ nke abụọ Bachelor Science & Society, obere Future Planet Innovation <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rug.nl/sustainable-society/education/bachelor/|title=Minor Future Planet Innovation (FPI)|date=6 May 2020}}</ref> na ọmụmụ nke mastertrack Science, Business & Policy <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rug.nl/research/irees/education/sciencebusinessandpolicy/|title=Science, Business & Policy|date=2 July 2020}}</ref> na master Energy and Environmental sciences. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ sayensị, akụkọ akụkọ na akụkọ iwu <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Henny_Windt|title=Profile: Henny J. van der Windt|work=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> Van der Windt bụ onye edemede ma ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ isi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Henny van der Windt|url=https://research.rug.nl/en/persons/henny-van-der-windt}}</ref> Nhọrọ: * 1995. ''N'asụsụ Dan: wat bụ строma nog in dit land? Natuurbescherming na Netherlands 1880-1990''. Ọganihu. * 2001. ''Een Spiegel der Wetenschap, 200 Jaar Koninklijk Natuurkundig Genootschap te Groningen.'' Mụ na Adriaan Blaauw, [[Bert Boekschoten]], Ulco Kooystra, Dick Leijenaar, Franck Smit, Kees Wiese & Marten van Wijhe. Ihe omuma * 2005. ''Nkwekọrịta ma ọ bụ ịdị iche iche?'' Na: Nature and Art, The Hoge Veluwe. Ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị * 2008. ''Tussen dierenliefde n'etiti''. Academia Press. * 2009. ''Banyere Snowy Plovers, Lapwings na Wolves; Otu esi etinye ọhụụ dị iche iche nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị nkịtị na mkpebi''. Na: ọhụụ ọhụrụ nke okike; mgbagwoju anya na izi ezi, Springer. * 2012. ''Ịkụ aka n'ọnụ ụzọ: Ihe ndị dị n'ókè na Nchekwa na Nweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi''. Mụ na Sjaak Swart. Na: Sustainability Science, The Emerging Paradigm and the Urban Environment, Springer. * 2012. ''Ogige ntụrụndụ na-enweghị Ọzara, Ọzara na-enweghị Ogige ntụ?'' Na: Civilizing Nature, National Parks in Global Historical Perspective. Berghahn * 2019. ''Nchekwa Ike Obodo: Ọchịchị na Ụdị Azụmaahịa. '' Mụ na Binod Koirala, Rudi Hakvoort na Ellen van Oost. Na: Consumer, Prosumer, Prosumager, Elsevier. * 2021. ''Ụzọ Ọhụrụ Maka Ike na Nchekwa Obodo''. Mụ na Ellen van Oost, Binod Koirala & Esther van der Waal. MDPI * 2026. Nkọwa banyere usoro ọrụ ugbo atọ ọzọ iji kwalite mgbanwe usoro nri maka ndụ n'ala. Mụ na Jorien Zevenberg Na: Elgar Companion to Food System Transformation for Sustainable Development, Elgar. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.rug.nl/staff/h.j.van.der.windt/ Henny van der Windt] Rijksuniversiteit Groningen profaịlụ * [https://netherlands.openaire.eu/search/find/research-outcomes?f0=q&fv0=Henny%2520van%2520der%2520windt&page=18/ Henny van der Windt] Netherlands Research Portal [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] t7jvw5k5ftevv7eywxk71tuexjdualc 654190 654189 2026-06-06T21:09:32Z Chinemeremprince 13026 654190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Henny_van_der_Windt.jpg|thumb|Henny van der Windt na 2021 n'oge njem nleta na mpaghara Dutch Wadden Sea]] '''Hendrik Johannes (Henny) van der Windt''' (amụrụ na 22 Ọgọst 1955, na Vlaardingen)<ref>1995. En dan: wat is natuur nog in dit land? : natuurbescherming in Nederland 1880-1990</ref> bụ prọfesọ mmekọ Dutch na Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, ọkachamara na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nkwado na sayensị, ọkachasị mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nchekwa okike na gburugburu ebe obibi na n'etiti teknụzụ ike, atụmatụ ike mpaghara na mgbanwe ike. == Ntorobịa na ọmụmụ ihe == Van der Windt tolitere na Vlaardingen ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ('Hogere Burgerschool-B'). Ọ na-arụsi ọrụ ike na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi Centraal Aksiekomitee Rijnmond na kọmitii ụmụ akwụkwọ dị iche iche na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>Boender, C.J.B. (1985), Milieuprotest in Rijnmond, Sijthoff, Rijswijk.</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ gụrụ ihe ọmụmụ ihe ndị dị ndụ na RijksUniversiteit Groningen (1972-1981). == PhD na ọnọdụ agụmakwụkwọ == O nwetara akara ugo mmụta doctorate ya na 1995 site na edemede PhD ya "En dan: kedu ihe bụ okike na ala dit?: natuurbescherming na Nederland 1880-1990" (E kwuwerị, gịnị bụ okike na mba a, nchekwa okike na Netherlands 1980-1990), yana isiakwụkwọ gbasara mmụba nke nchekwa okike, esemokwu dị n'etiti ọrụ ugbo na nchekwa okike, oke ọhịa, mweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi na njikwa nke Osimiri Wadden. N'oge ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye nkuzi na Ngalaba Biology nke Mahadum Groningen. Mgbe ọ nwetasịrị nzere doctorate, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onye nchọpụta (post-doc) na Groningen n'ime usoro nyocha Ethics and Policy nke NWO.<ref>Adriaan Blaauw ea. red. (2001). ''Een spiegel der wetenschap : 200 jaar Koninklijk Natuurkundig Genootschap te Groningen''. Koninklijk Natuurkundig Genootschap, Groningen.</ref>, N'ihe dị ka afọ 2000 ọ ghọrọ osote prọfesọ na Science & Society Group (mgbe e mesịrị Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES)) nke Mahadum Groningen. == Nnyocha na agụmakwụkwọ == Ọ mụrụ mmekọrịta sayensị na ọha mmadụ gbasara genomics, [[Food|nri]], Mweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi, ike na nkwado, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Henny van der Windt|url=https://research.rug.nl/en/persons/henny-van-der-windt}}</ref> na-ejikọta ụzọ na nghọta sitere na ihe ndị dị ndụ, [[sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi]] na akụkọ ihe mere eme gburugburu ebe obibi yana sayensị da teknụzụ ọmụmụ. Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya gụnyere ọmụmụ dị iche iche dị ka afọ nke abụọ Bachelor Science & Society, obere Future Planet Innovation <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rug.nl/sustainable-society/education/bachelor/|title=Minor Future Planet Innovation (FPI)|date=6 May 2020}}</ref> na ọmụmụ nke mastertrack Science, Business & Policy <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rug.nl/research/irees/education/sciencebusinessandpolicy/|title=Science, Business & Policy|date=2 July 2020}}</ref> na master Energy and Environmental sciences. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == Na mgbakwunye na akwụkwọ sayensị, akụkọ akụkọ na akụkọ iwu <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Henny_Windt|title=Profile: Henny J. van der Windt|work=[[ResearchGate]]}}</ref> Van der Windt bụ onye edemede ma ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ isi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Henny van der Windt|url=https://research.rug.nl/en/persons/henny-van-der-windt}}</ref> Nhọrọ:<ref>{{cite web | title=Henny van der Windt | url=https://research.rug.nl/en/persons/henny-van-der-windt }}</ref>. * 1995. ''N'asụsụ Dan: wat bụ строma nog in dit land? Natuurbescherming na Netherlands 1880-1990''. Ọganihu. * 2001. ''Een Spiegel der Wetenschap, 200 Jaar Koninklijk Natuurkundig Genootschap te Groningen.'' Mụ na Adriaan Blaauw, [[Bert Boekschoten]], Ulco Kooystra, Dick Leijenaar, Franck Smit, Kees Wiese & Marten van Wijhe. Ihe omuma * 2005. ''Nkwekọrịta ma ọ bụ ịdị iche iche?'' Na: Nature and Art, The Hoge Veluwe. Ndị na-akwagharị akwagharị * 2008. ''Tussen dierenliefde n'etiti''. Academia Press. * 2009. ''Banyere Snowy Plovers, Lapwings na Wolves; Otu esi etinye ọhụụ dị iche iche nke ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị nkịtị na mkpebi''. Na: ọhụụ ọhụrụ nke okike; mgbagwoju anya na izi ezi, Springer. * 2012. ''Ịkụ aka n'ọnụ ụzọ: Ihe ndị dị n'ókè na Nchekwa na Nweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi''. Mụ na Sjaak Swart. Na: Sustainability Science, The Emerging Paradigm and the Urban Environment, Springer. * 2012. ''Ogige ntụrụndụ na-enweghị Ọzara, Ọzara na-enweghị Ogige ntụ?'' Na: Civilizing Nature, National Parks in Global Historical Perspective. Berghahn * 2019. ''Nchekwa Ike Obodo: Ọchịchị na Ụdị Azụmaahịa. '' Mụ na Binod Koirala, Rudi Hakvoort na Ellen van Oost. Na: Consumer, Prosumer, Prosumager, Elsevier. * 2021. ''Ụzọ Ọhụrụ Maka Ike na Nchekwa Obodo''. Mụ na Ellen van Oost, Binod Koirala & Esther van der Waal. MDPI * 2026. Nkọwa banyere usoro ọrụ ugbo atọ ọzọ iji kwalite mgbanwe usoro nri maka ndụ n'ala. Mụ na Jorien Zevenberg Na: Elgar Companion to Food System Transformation for Sustainable Development, Elgar. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.rug.nl/staff/h.j.van.der.windt/ Henny van der Windt] Rijksuniversiteit Groningen profaịlụ * [https://netherlands.openaire.eu/search/find/research-outcomes?f0=q&fv0=Henny%2520van%2520der%2520windt&page=18/ Henny van der Windt] Netherlands Research Portal [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1ijo1t2j65ut4csw3jwa2eck34ru1w9 0 76535 654203 2026-06-07T00:27:22Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1355248814|Calvin and Hobbes]]" 654203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Calvin and Hobbes title.png|thumb|Calvin and Hobbes]]   '''''Calvin and Hobbes''''' bụ ihe ọchị a na-ebipụta kwa ụbọchị na akwụkwọ akụkọ na America, nke onye na-ese ihe ọchị Bill Watterson kere ma dee, site na Nọvemba 18, 1985, ruo Disemba 31, 1995. Akụkọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na Calvin, nwa nwoke dị afọ isii nwere echiche sara mbara na omume na-adịghị ahụkebe, na Hobbes, agụ ya, onye na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka ma mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka enyi nwere mmetụta na ndụ, dabere n’echiche onye na-ele ya anya. E debere akụkọ ahụ na United States nke oge a, ma ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ya gụnyere nne na nna Calvin, nwa klas ya Susie Derkins, onye nkụzi ya Miss Wormwood, na onye na-elekọta ya Rosalyn. Otu akụkụ a ma ama nke ihe ọchị ahụ bụ echiche efu Calvin na-enwekarị, nke a na-egosipụtakarị site n’àgwà ndị ọ na-eme onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ, dịka Spaceman Spiff na Stupendous Man,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-01-12|title=Spaceman Spiff and the Stupendous Man: The Culture Industry in "Calvin and Hobbes"|url=http://www.stripteasethemag.com/spaceman-spiff-and-the-stupendous-man-the-culture-industry-in-calvin-and-hobbes/|access-date=2022-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref> yana site n’otú o si akọwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ kwa ụbọchị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-ahụkarị ihe ndị nkịtị dịka igbe kaadiboodu dị ka ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche, dịka igwe oge. Ụdị nka Watterson, nke ihe ọchị ndị mbụ dịka ''Peanuts'', ''Pogo'', na ''Krazy Kat'' metụtara, gbanwere ma tolite ka oge na-aga, ruo n’ókè ọ malitere iji nhazi panel dị iche iche na eserese mmiri na Sunday strips. N’oge ọ kacha ewu ewu, ''Calvin and Hobbes'' pụtara n’ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ 2,000 n’ụwa niile.<ref name="cleve2010">{{cite news|first=John|last=Campanelli|title='Calvin and Hobbes' fans still pine 15 years after its exit|newspaper=[[The Plain Dealer]]|url=http://www.cleveland.com/living/index.ssf/2010/02/fans_still_pine_for_calvin_and.html|date=February 1, 2010|access-date=December 16, 2015|archive-date=2010-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204074004/http://www.cleveland.com/living/index.ssf/2010/02/fans_still_pine_for_calvin_and.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Watterson jụrụ ikwe ka e jiri ndị agwa ya mee ngwaahịa azụmahịa, ma ya na ndị na-ebipụta ọrụ ya nwekwara esemokwu gbasara njikwa nke ọrụ ahụ. E mepụtaghị ngwaahịa gọọmentị ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri dabere na ''Calvin and Hobbes'' n’oge a na-ebipụta ya. Watterson kwụsịrị ihe ọchị ahụ n’afọ 1995, na-ekwu na ya enyochala ma mezuo ihe ọ chọrọ ime site na usoro ahụ, ma nwee afọ ojuju na otú o si kwụsị ya. 2g4aw1flf2t8wfqjv496f5r2swb4eng 654204 654203 2026-06-07T00:27:40Z Wikipedian12512 61424 Ce 654204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Calvin and Hobbes title.png|thumb|Calvin and Hobbes]] '''''Calvin and Hobbes''''' bụ ihe ọchị a na-ebipụta kwa ụbọchị na akwụkwọ akụkọ na America, nke onye na-ese ihe ọchị Bill Watterson kere ma dee, site na Nọvemba 18, 1985, ruo Disemba 31, 1995. Akụkọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na Calvin, nwa nwoke dị afọ isii nwere echiche sara mbara na omume na-adịghị ahụkebe, na Hobbes, agụ ya, onye na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka ma mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka enyi nwere mmetụta na ndụ, dabere n’echiche onye na-ele ya anya. E debere akụkọ ahụ na United States nke oge a, ma ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ya gụnyere nne na nna Calvin, nwa klas ya Susie Derkins, onye nkụzi ya Miss Wormwood, na onye na-elekọta ya Rosalyn. Otu akụkụ a ma ama nke ihe ọchị ahụ bụ echiche efu Calvin na-enwekarị, nke a na-egosipụtakarị site n’àgwà ndị ọ na-eme onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ, dịka Spaceman Spiff na Stupendous Man,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-01-12|title=Spaceman Spiff and the Stupendous Man: The Culture Industry in "Calvin and Hobbes"|url=http://www.stripteasethemag.com/spaceman-spiff-and-the-stupendous-man-the-culture-industry-in-calvin-and-hobbes/|access-date=2022-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref> yana site n’otú o si akọwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ kwa ụbọchị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-ahụkarị ihe ndị nkịtị dịka igbe kaadiboodu dị ka ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche, dịka igwe oge. Ụdị nka Watterson, nke ihe ọchị ndị mbụ dịka ''Peanuts'', ''Pogo'', na ''Krazy Kat'' metụtara, gbanwere ma tolite ka oge na-aga, ruo n’ókè ọ malitere iji nhazi panel dị iche iche na eserese mmiri na Sunday strips. N’oge ọ kacha ewu ewu, ''Calvin and Hobbes'' pụtara n’ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ 2,000 n’ụwa niile.<ref name="cleve2010">{{cite news|first=John|last=Campanelli|title='Calvin and Hobbes' fans still pine 15 years after its exit|newspaper=[[The Plain Dealer]]|url=http://www.cleveland.com/living/index.ssf/2010/02/fans_still_pine_for_calvin_and.html|date=February 1, 2010|access-date=December 16, 2015|archive-date=2010-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204074004/http://www.cleveland.com/living/index.ssf/2010/02/fans_still_pine_for_calvin_and.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Watterson jụrụ ikwe ka e jiri ndị agwa ya mee ngwaahịa azụmahịa, ma ya na ndị na-ebipụta ọrụ ya nwekwara esemokwu gbasara njikwa nke ọrụ ahụ. E mepụtaghị ngwaahịa gọọmentị ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri dabere na ''Calvin and Hobbes'' n’oge a na-ebipụta ya. Watterson kwụsịrị ihe ọchị ahụ n’afọ 1995, na-ekwu na ya enyochala ma mezuo ihe ọ chọrọ ime site na usoro ahụ, ma nwee afọ ojuju na otú o si kwụsị ya. bh31p1hbz3km6f5wod1ewc23iwme1cz