Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.7 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 9879 656673 122932 2026-06-22T15:34:48Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Abimbola Rosemary "Bimbo" Odukoya''' (nee '''Abimbola Rosemary Segun-Williams)''' (September 12, 1960 - December 11, 2005) bụ pastọ Naijiria na onye mgbasa ozi ọma n'onyonyo nke lụrụ onye isi Fountain of Life Church,bụ Taiwo Odukoya . Odukoya, nke a na-akpọkarị "Pastor Bims," bụ onye natara ihe nrịte karịrị 60 nke Nijiri ma mba ndị ọzọ maka onyinye ya maka iwulite ,na imepe obodo ya bụ Naịjirịa, na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Afrịka, yana idu dịka nwanyị.nke ụkpụrụ omume dị elu na ihe nlereanya nye ọtụtụ ndị. Onye ode akwukwo, onye mgbasaozi a ma ama, onye okwu okwu n'ọgbakọ a na-achọ achọ, onye ọzụzụ ndị ntorobia na onye nkuzi ihe gbasara alụmdinanwunye, o sobu n'otu n'ime ndị [[Samsung]] họpụtara ị nọchite anya Naijiria maka i bu ọkụ nke Olimpiiki n'Athens,na [[Greece|Gris]] na 2004 Olympic Games . Ọ nwụrụ n'ihi ihe ọghọm nke ụgbọelu Sosoliso nke Flight 1145 . == Ndụ ya == Odukoya mụrụ [[Ákíkó mbu|History]] na Archaeology na University of Ịbada ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ jiri Bachelor nke Arts pụta. Ọ maliteziri ọrụ ya na National Theater dị na [[Lagos|Legos]] . N’oge na-adịghị anya ọ gbara arụkwaghịm i ji banye n'igbasa oziọma site n'afọ 1987 ruo n'afọ 1999, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi ngalaba na-enye ndụmọdụ na TREM n’okpuru nduzi nke Bishọp Mike Okonkwo . Pastọ Bimbo luru onye isi nke Fountain of Life Church, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfolc.org/|title=The Fountain Of Life Church|language=en-US}}</ref> Pastọ Taiwo Odukoya, ha nwere umu ato, Tolu Odukoya, (Pastọ) Jimmy Odukoya na Tobi Odukoya. N'oge ọnwụ ya, ọ bụ onye ọkaibe agadi ụkọchukwu nke The Fountain of Life Church na onye isi oche nke Discovery for Women . <ref name="tfolc.org">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tfolc.org/about-us/founding-pastors/13-pastor-bimbo-odukoya.html|title=Archived copy|accessdate=2011-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728090847/http://tfolc.org/about-us/founding-pastors/13-pastor-bimbo-odukoya.html|archivedate=2011-07-28}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nchịkọt nke ''Single and Married'', <ref name="tfolc.org"/> mmemme a na-agbasa n'ihe onyonyo na mpaghara Naijiria niile na mba ndị ọzọ nke na-ekwu banyere okwu ndị bara uru na-eche ndị mmadụ ihu n'alụmdi na nwunye na mmekọrịta. Ihe niile a na-akụzi n'ihe emume ahụ bụ [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ]] duziri ọdịnaya ahụ. A maara ya nke ọma dịka onye okwu okwu n'ọgbakoọ n'ime Naijiria na ụfọdụ mba ndị ọzọ. == Ọnwụ ya == Bimbo Odukoya banyere ụgbọ elu Sosoliso Flight 1145, na-aga [[Ugwu Ọcha|Port Harcourt]] site n'[[Abuja]] . N'ụbọchị nke 10 n'ọnwa Disemba n'afọ 2005, ụgbọelu ahụ dara mgbe ọ dara na ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba na Port Harcourt ; Bimbo nyara mbido ada ahụ were nwụọ site na mmerụ ahụ n'ụbọchị 11 n'ọnwa Disemba nke afọ 2005. Usoro ihe omume ụka ya na-aga n'ihu na njikwa nke nwa ya nwoke Othniel Jimmy Odukoya. == Akwụkwọ ndị o dere == ** ''How to Choose a Life Partner, by Bimbo Odukoya'', Xulon Press (15 October 2005) ** ''Living Free, How to Handle Rejection'' by Bimbo Odukoya, Grace Springs Publishers, Inc., 2006 ** ''Living Free, Overcoming Masturbation'' by Bimbo Odukoya, Grace Springs Publishers, Inc., 2006 ** ''Marriage, Real People, Real Issues, Wise Counsel'' by Bimbo Odokoya, Grace Springs Publishers, Inc., 2006 == Ebe m si dee == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ dị na mpụga == ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20070806175702/http://www.sunnewsonline.com/webpages/features/citysun/2006/sept/20/citysun-20-09-2006-001.htm Even in death, Bimbo Odukoya speaks] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20060222155128/http://www.singleandmarried.org/profile.htm A Profile of Pastor Bimbo] ** [http://www.tfolc.org/ The Fountain of Life Church Website] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20081027041029/http://www.pbofoundation.org/ Pastor Bimbo Odukoya Foundation Website] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20090220143151/http://www.gracespringsafrica.com/bookstore Pastor Bimbo's books] [[Òtù:1960 births]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme edemede]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] 2m0hd07elbsri0jeqmsm48zq3w9st3v 0 9923 656700 580706 2026-06-23T00:32:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} {{Audio}}'''Chioma Elizabeth Toplis''' {{Audio|Ig-Chioma Elizabeth Toplis.ogg|Audio}}bụ '''nwaafọ''' Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Naijiria (nke a kpọrọ ''Nollywood'' ). O mere oru mbu ya n'afọ 2004 n'ime ihe nkiri ''Stolen Bible'' tinyere [[Kate Henshaw]] mana ọ buụrụ onye a ma ama mgbe ọ putara n’ime ihe nkiri afọ 2005 a kpọrọ ''Trinity'' na otutu ndi ozo a ma ama na Naijiria <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news2.onlinenigeria.com/entertainment/309661-actress-chioma-toplis-to-femi-fani-kayode-i%E2%80%99m-laughing-out-loud-at-your-stupidty.html|title=Actress Chioma Toplis To Femi Fani-Kayode: I'm Laughing Out Lout At Your Stupidity|publisher=News2.onlinenigeria.com|date=|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ == Toplis, onye aha bekee bu Elizabeth, bu onye obodo [[Umuahia]],dị n'[[Ȯra Abia|Abia Steeti]], na mpaghara ndida [[Naijiria]] . Ya na onye ''Nollywood'' ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri na onye isi oche gara aga nke Actors Guild nke Naijiria, bụ Ejike Asiegbu bụ ụmụnna. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://peoplesdailyng.com/supremacy-tussle-emeka-ike-ejike-asiegbu-in-war-of-words/|title=Supremacy tussle: Emeka Ike, Ejike Asiegbu in war of words - Peoples Daily Newspaper of Nigeria &#124; Peoples Daily Newspaper of Nigeria|publisher=Peoplesdailyng.com|date=2013-08-30|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> Site n'afọ 1979 ruo n'afọ 1985, ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya n’ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ: St Michaels Primary School Umuahia, Orji Town Primary School [[Òwèrè|Owerri]], Umuhu Central School, Umuahia na 67 Infantry Battalion Primary School Faulks Road, [[Abá|Aba]] . Site n'afọ 1985 ruo n'afọ 1990, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ohuhu Community Secondary School Amaogwugwu, Umuahia. Mgbe ọ hapụrụ Naijiria were bie ọtụtụ afọ na [[London|Lọndọn]], ọ malitere na Valentine High School ịmụ asụsụ Bekee were mesịa debanye aha na Barking and Dagenham College n'afọ 2003 iji mụọ maka Social Healthcare. == Ndụ ezinụlọ == Chioma Toplis a lụọla di ma nwee ụmụ atọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2013/06/i-have-been-accused-of-using-black-magic-juju-on-my-husband-chioma-toplis.html|title=I have been accused of using black magic (Juju) on my husband – Chioma Toplis &#124; INFORMATION NIGERIA|publisher=Informationng.com|date=2013-06-09|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> O nwere ulo na [[London|Lọndọn]], [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na Victoria Island, ebe di elu na [[Lagos|Legos]], [[Naijiria]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/new/chioma-toplis-living-large/|title=Chioma Toplis living large &#124; The Nation|publisher=Thenationonlineng.net|date=2013-03-16|accessdate=2013-09-15}}</ref> O nwere mmasi n'ọrụ ebere ma sonye n'ọrụ Home For The Elderly<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/05/31/chioma-toplis-celebrates-40th-birthday-with-the-elderly/|title=Chioma Toplis celebrates 40th birthday with the elderly &#124; My Daily Newswatch|publisher=Mydailynewswatchng.com|date=|accessdate=2013-09-15|archivedate=2013-09-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911083304/http://www.mydailynewswatchng.com/2013/05/31/chioma-toplis-celebrates-40th-birthday-with-the-elderly/}}</ref> == Ndụ azụmahịa == Chioma Toplis bụkwa nwanyị na-azụ ahịa nwere mmasi na akwa na ihe ịchọ mma, ma nwee ọtụtụ ụlọ ahịa na Legos na Lọndọn. == Ihe nkiri == Toplis malitere ọrụ ya mgbe ọ pụtara n'ihe nkiri nke afọ 2004 gara nke ọma bụ ''Stolen'' ''Bible'' . Ngosipụta ya na ihe nkiri n'afọ 2005 bụ''Trinity'' ya na Hanks Anuku, Val Nwigwe na onye na-eme ihe nkiri ''[[Oge Okoye]]'', natara nlezianya dị mma, a na-ahụkwa ya dị ka mmepe ụzọ Toplis n'ime nnukwu oge na <nowiki><i>Nollywood</i></nowiki> . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://m.imdb.com/title/tt1172689/rate|title=IMDb page:Trinity|publisher=www.imdb.com|date=|accessdate=2013-09-20}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=TRINITY|url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2012/06/trinity.html&hl=en-NG}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Chioma_Toplis,_Rita_Edochie_and_Patience_Ozokwor.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Chioma Toplis, Rita Edochie na [[Patience Ozokwor]] na ogige nhazi ihe nkiri ''Abuja Top Ladies'', n'afọ 2006.]] == Njikọ dị na mpụga == * Chioma Toplis on IMDb == Nrụtụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Toplis, Chioma}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria bụ ndị Abịa Steeti]] [[Òtù:Ụmụ nwanyị Naijiria na-eme ihe nkiri]] 13ssgloimw3zw7gnhad52jq84yeaahe 0 11276 656667 538776 2026-06-22T13:06:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656667 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}} '''Beatrice Funke Ogunmola''' {{Audio|Yo-Beatrice Funke Ogunmola.ogg|Audio}} (amuru Febụwarị 15, 1980) bụ onye nọọsụ, onye na-emeputa ihe nkiri, onye na-ede ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke a na-akpọ kwa '''BFO''' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Beatrice Funke Ogunmola|url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12790951/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=IMDb|language=en}}</ref> Ihe nkiri ''[[Love Castle]]'' nke o mepụtara nwetara ihe nrite anọ n'ime nhọpụta iri; gụnyere onyinye atọ n'oge Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival nke mere na Ontario, Canada, Ọktoba 2021 <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2021-11-10|title=Love Castle wins awards in Nigeria, Toronto film festivals|url=https://punchng.com/love-castle-wins-awards-in-nigeria-toronto-film-festivals/|accessdate=2021-11-12|work=[[The Punch]] Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-10|title=Love Castle wins awards in Nigeria, Toronto film festivals|url=https://punchng.com/love-castle-wins-awards-in-nigeria-toronto-film-festivals/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=[[The Punch]] Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> na nke mere na Abuja International Film Festival na [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-16|title=Beatrice Funke Ogunmola wins multiple Awards with her New Epic Film, Love Castle|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/11/beatrice-funke-ogunmola-wins-multiple-awards-with-her-new-epic-film-love-castle/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)]] News|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Atedze|first=Mimi|date=2021-11-05|title=18th Abuja International Film Festival{{!}} See full list of winners + Pictures|url=https://fabmimi.com/18th-abuja-international-film-festival-see-full-list-of-winners-pictures/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=Fabmimi.com|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129111701/https://fabmimi.com/18th-abuja-international-film-festival-see-full-list-of-winners-pictures/}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Ogunmola bụ onye Naijiria si Itaogbolu, [[Ȯra Ondo|Ondo State]], [[Naijiria|Nigeria]] bi na US. Ogunmola tolitere n'ụlọ a na-alụ karịa otu nwanyị . Ọ bụ nwa nke abụọ n’ime ụmụ isii nne ya mụrụ na ụmụ iri na abụọ nna ya. Ogunmola lụrụ Victor Ogunmola ma nwee ụmụ atọ. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=hopestudiofilms|title=About Us|url=https://hopestudiofilms.com/about-us-2/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=Hope Studio Films|language=en}}</ref> === Agụmakwụkwọ === Ogo mmụta mbụ Ogunmola na Naijiria bụ na teknụzụ nri . Ọ lụọ di wee soro ezinụlọ ya kwaga United States. Ọ gara n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya wee mụọ na kọleji obodo, ọ ghọrọ Registered Nurse (RN) na-aru na US. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=Meet Beatrice Funke Ogunmola of Hope Studio in The Woodlands - Voyage Houston Magazine {{!}} Houston City Guide|url=http://voyagehouston.com/interview/meet-beatrice-funke-ogunmola-hope-studio-woodlands/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=Voyage Houston Magazine|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-12-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211213053441/http://voyagehouston.com/interview/meet-beatrice-funke-ogunmola-hope-studio-woodlands/}}</ref> === Ọrụ === Ọrụ ime ihe nkiri, ide na mmepụta Ogunmola malitere n'ime ihe nkiri nwere ogologo ihe n'afọ 2010 o dere, ihe nkiri otu ndi na-eme ihe nkiri nke ụka ya mepụtara, wee sonye na onye ndu. N'ikpeazụ, ọ malitere ime ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke "ndi na-eme ihe nkiri bu naanị ụmụaka". <ref name=":0" /> Ogunmola emeputala ọtụtụ ihe nkiri wee bụrụ onye ama ama ka o mepụtachara ''[[Love Castle]]'' na 2021. Ogunmola bụ onye isi oche nke Hope Studio na BFO Media. Ọ bụkwa nọọsụ edebanyere aha n'ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Houston, Texas, US. <ref name=":2" /> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" |+Ihe nkiri ọ dere, gosipụtara ma ọ bụ mepụta ! Afọ ! Aha ! Ụdị ! Ọrụ ! Ndi mere ihe nkiri ahọpụtara ! Edensibia |- | 2021 | ''[[Love Castle]]'' | Ihe nkiri | Onye nrụpụta<br>Kanyinsade | [[Kehinde Bankole]]<br> [[Jide Kosoko]]<br> [[Rachel Oniga]]<br> Zack Orji | |- | 2017 |''Time to Live'' | Thriller | | Lanette Gregor<br>Sola Alonge<br> Carlton Newark<br> Lupe Nunez<br>Rex Nwakamma | |- | |''Time Bomb'' | | rowspan="4" | Odee<br> Onye nrụpụta | | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Time Bomb|url=https://timebombmovie.vhx.tv/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=timebombmovie.vhx.tv}}</ref> |- | |''Dear Momma'' | | | rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ageless World|url=https://agelessworld.vhx.tv/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=agelessworld.vhx.tv}}</ref> |- | |''Great Mandate'' | | |- | |''Ageless World'' | | |} == Otuto == Na 2021, Ogunmola nwetara ọtụtụ ihe nrite n'ihi ọrụ ya n'imepụta ihe nkiri ''[[Love Castle]]'' . {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Onyinye na Nhọpụta ! Ụbọchị ! Ihe nrite ! Otu ! Nsonaazụ ! Ntụaka |- | rowspan="10" | 2021 | rowspan="6" | Ememme Nkiri Nollywood nke Toronto International (TINFF) | Ihe nkiri kacha mma Africa- ''Love Castle'' |{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-12|title=Nigerian culture, disabilities inspired Love Castle –Ogunmola|url=https://punchng.com/nigerian-culture-disabilities-inspired-love-castle-ogunmola/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Ihe nkiri kacha mma Nollywood- ''Castle ịhụnanya'' |{{Nom}} | <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-13|title=Pomp, culture as Love Castle hits cinemas|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/pomp-culture-as-love-castle-hits-cinemas/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)]] News|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri kacha mma- Nollywood (Beatrice Funke Ogunmola - ''Love Castle'' ) |{{Won}} | <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|date=2021-09-11|title=Glitz and glamour as 'Love Castle' premieres|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/glitz-and-glamour-as-love-castle-premieres/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]] Online|language=en-GB}}</ref> |- | Ihe nkiri nwanyị Nollywood kacha mma (onye na-emepụta BFO) |{{Won}} | <ref name=":3" /> |- | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwanyị Afrịka kacha mma |{{Nom}} | <ref name=":4" /> |- | Onye mmepụta ihe nkiri Africa kacha mma |{{Nom}} | <ref name=":3" /> |- | rowspan="2" | Abuja International Film Festival | Okwu Ememme maka Akụkọ |{{Won}} | <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-09-06|title=Love Castle highlights Nigerian culture interwoven with disability -Actor|url=https://punchng.com/love-castle-highlights-nigerian-culture-interwoven-with-disability-actor/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Ihe nkiri pụtara pụtara ìhè- ''Castle ịhụnanya'' |{{Nom}} | <ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2021-10-27|title=Abuja International Film Festival announces nominees for 18th edition|url=https://nollytrailers.com/events/abuja-international-film-festival-announces-nominees-for-18th-edition/|accessdate=2021-12-13|work=Nollytrailers|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-05-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529024512/https://nollytrailers.com/events/abuja-international-film-festival-announces-nominees-for-18th-edition/}}</ref> |- |} == Edensibia ==  {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|id=12790951|name=Beatrice Funke Ogunmola}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ogunmola, Beatrice Funke}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 8ldfkukss6zf5vhyo9oqtlpv43rhge4 0 12078 656676 538523 2026-06-22T15:50:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656676 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi''' (amuru 11 June 1963) bụ nwunye onyeisi obodo [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti State]], Nigeria dika nwunye Gọvanọ Ekiti State 2019-2023. Ọ bụbu nwunye eze Ekiti steeti na 2011–2015. Onye Britain [[Naijiria|-Naịjiria]] na-akwado ụmụnwanyị, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye na-akwado amụma, n'afọ 2001 ọ kwadoro Funding Development Women's African Women's Development Fund (AWDF), otu mbụ Pan-African na-enye onyinye. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka UN Women Nigeria Senior Advisor, na a họpụtara dịka Visiting Senior Research Fellow na King's College, University of London na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/alc/People/Visiting-Appointments/Visiting-Senior-Research-Fellows/Ms.-Bisi-Adeleye-Fayemi.aspx|title=King's College London - Ms. Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi|work=www.kcl.ac.uk|language=en-GB|accessdate=2018-03-08}}</ref> Ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Above Whispers Limited ma na-elekọta ịntanetị o guzobere a na-akpọ Abovewhispers.com. [[Usòrò:Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi (cropped).jpg|thumb|áká_ịkẹngạ]] Mgbe di ya bụ Dọkịnta Kayode Fayemi weere ọkwa dịka Gọvanọ nke steeti Ekiti, Naijiria, ọ malitere itinye aka n'ọrụ n'ọtụtụ usoro nkwado iwu, nkwado ime obodo na steeti Ekiti. O duuru mkpọsa ahụ iji wepụta Iwu mmachibido ime ihe ike dabere na nwoke na nwanyị (2011, edegharịrị na Ọktoba 2019), Bill Ohere nha nhata (2013) na HIV Anti-Stigma Bill (2014). Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na mmejuputa na nkwado nke atụmatụ ndị a dịka First Lady nke Ekiti State nke ugboro abụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-06-09|title=Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi: Women’s rights activist and community mobiliser, By Toyin Falola|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/466639-bisi-adeleye-fayemi-womens-rights-activist-and-community-mobiliser-by-toyin-falola.html|accessdate=2022-02-23|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ so ná ndị isi nke Fund Development Women's African Women's Development Fund . Ọ bụ onye isi oche na ahụ maka ndụmọdụ nke Nigerian Women's Trust Fund ma na-ejekwa ozi na Council Governing of Elizade University na Nigeria. Ugbu a ọ bụ onyeisi oche kọmitii na-ahụ maka iwu gbasara ime ihe ike gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, steeti Ekiti na onyeisi oche, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ọrịa AIDS steeti Ekiti. Ọ nọkwa na kọmitii nhazi nke Regional African Women Leaders Network (AWLN) na onye otu AWLN-Nigeria Steering kọmitii ebe ọ na-eje ozi dịka onye ndụmọdụ. Adeleye-Fayemi bụ onye dere akwụkwọ ''Loud Whispers'' (2017), Speaking For Myself (2013), na akwụkwọ banyere onwe ya nke isiokwu ya bụ Speaking Above A Whisper (2013). O deziekwara Voice '', Power and Soul.'' == Agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi na Liverpool, England, na 11 June 1963. O nwetara nzere bachelọ na mastas na ngalaba History na mahadum nke Ife ugbua bụ mahadum Obafemi Awolowo, Nigeria. Ọ nwetakwara MA na Gender and Society (1992) na Mahadum Middlesex, UK.&nbsp;Ọ bụ onyeisi ugbua, Above Whispers Limited, ọpụrụiche na mmepe onyeisi maka ụmụnwanyị, ọ na-agbakwa ụlọọrụ ịntanetị akpọrọ Abovewhispers.com, ebe ọ na-ede kọlụm kwa izu akpọrọ "Loud Whispers". Ọ bụruo mgbe nso nso a onye UN Women Nigeria Senior Advisor, na nso nso a họpụtara ya dị ka onye nleta Senior Research Fellow na King's College, University of London . <ref>[https://www.kcl.ac.uk/sspp/departments/alc/People/Visiting-Appointments/Visiting-Senior-Research-Fellows/Ms.-Bisi-Adeleye-Fayemi.aspx "Ms. Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi"], Visiting Senior Research Fellows, African Leadership Centre, King's College London.</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Erelu BAF.jpg|thumb]] Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onyeisi ụlọọrụ Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA), ọgbakọ mmepe mba ụwa maka ụmụnwanyị Africa, dabere na London, UK, site na 1991 ruo 2001 yana onye isi oche nke Fund Development Women Africa (AWDF), Africa mbụ. -wide inye onyinye nke na-akwado ọrụ nke òtù na-akwalite ikike ụmụnwanyị n' Africa, bido na 2001-2010. <ref name="Newfield Foundation">{{Cite web|url=http://www.newfieldfound.org/grants.awarded.php?group=16|title=African Women's Development Fund (AWDF)|publisher=Newfield Foundation|accessdate=5 July 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714205738/http://www.newfieldfound.org/grants.awarded.php?group=16}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.awdf.org/our-work/about//|title=About AWDF 10 Years of Leadership and Empowerment for African Women|publisher=www.awdf.org|date=|accessdate=21 June 2014|archivedate=2 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140702223538/http://www.awdf.org/our-work/about/}}</ref> N'ime afọ ọ nọ na UK, Bisi Fayemi rụrụ ọrụ na ngalaba ahụike dịka onye ọrụ nchịkwa. O wee bụrụ onye isi nke Akina Mama wa Afrika (AMwA), ọgbakọ mmepe mba ụwa maka ụmụ nwanyị Africa nke dabere na London, UK, nwere ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara Africa na Kampala, Uganda, site na 1991-2001. Mgbe ọ bụ onye isi AMwA, o guzobere African Women's Leadership Institute (AWLI), nkuzi na ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet maka ụmụ agbọghọ Africa. Ụlọ ọrụ ndị isi nke ọ mepụtara aghọwo ihe nketa dị ike nke na taa AWLI zụrụ ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị 6,000 n'ofe Africa, ọtụtụ n'ime ha nọ ugbu a n'ọkwá dị elu dị ka ndị Minista, ndị nnọchiteanya, ndị ọkachamara, ndị isi obodo na ndị ọrụ nke òtù mba ụwa. Adeleye-Fayemi e jikọtara ya na ọtụtụ ikike ụmụ nwanyị mba ụwa na otu ndị ọrụ enyemaka, gụnyere dịka onye isi oche nke International Network of Women's Funds, onyeisi oche nke Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID), na onye isi oche nke Health Women's Health International. Njikọ aka (IWHC). <ref name="Profile About Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi">{{Cite web|url=https://www.changemakers.com/users/bisi-adeleye-fayemi/|title=Profile About Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi|date=|publisher=Ashoka www.changemakers.com|accessdate=21 June 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172610/https://www.changemakers.com/users/bisi-adeleye-fayemi/}}</ref> Ọ nọkwa na Board of Trustees for Comic Relief (UK). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://philanthropyforum.org/members/bisi-adeleye-fayemi/|title=Bisi Adeleye-Fayemi Profile|publisher=philanthropyforum.org|date=|accessdate=5 July 2014|archivedate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714133723/http://philanthropyforum.org/members/bisi-adeleye-fayemi/}}</ref> Leymah Gbowee nke Liberia, onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel Peace Prize 2011, kwuputara nkuzi ọmụmụ ụbọchị ọmụmụ 50th nke Adeleye-Fayemi na 2013. Aha ya bụ "Leading the Change : The Journey of an African Woman", nkuzi a kọwara etu nkwado Adeleye-Fayemi siri gbado ụkwụ n'ọrụ Gbowee na Liberia, n'ikpeazụ butere ya Nrite Nobel. Gbowee kwuru maka otu Adeleye-Fayemi, dịka onye isi AWDF si kwadoo otu udo nke ụmụ nwanyị na Liberia n'oge ọ bụ nwata, sị: "Anyị na-achọ mgbanwe, mana anyi na eche ka onye bia zọpụta anyị. Ọtụtụ oge, enweghị mmasị anyị imepụta mgbanwe na ime ya pụtara na anyị anaghị agbanwe echiche gbasara anyị. Ma, Bisi, i nyeere anyị aka inweta mgbanwe anyị chọrọ . I jirila ọnọdụ gị ịkwa nrọ ma gosi na mgbanwe ga-ekwe omume ma nyere aka mee ka uche anyị dị na ya. Na m nwetara ihe nrite Nobel bụ maka ndị dị ka gị. Ụbọchị ahụ, ị hụghị m. Ị hụrụ nwanne nwanyị. Taa anyị na-asị, 'I meela'. I nyewo aka mee ka uche anyị dịrị na ya.” <ref name="Punch www.punchng.com">{{Cite news|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/peacemaker-was-here-to-fete-a-feminist/|title=Peacemaker Was Here To Fete A Feminist|work=Punch Nigeria|date=18 October 2013|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> == Ndụ ya == Ọ lụrụ Kayode Fayemi, bụ onye gara n'ihu bụrụ Gọvanọ Ekiti State na 2010, na ọzọ na 2019; Ha abụọ matara onwe ha mgbe ha ka bụ ụmụakwụkwọ. Ha nwere otu nwa nwoke, Folajimi Fayemi (amụrụ na afọ 1994). == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == E nyere Adeleye-Fayemi ihe nrite nke "Changing the Face of Philanthropy" site n'aka otu Women's Funding Network na 2007, ma kpọkwara ya otu n'ime ụmụnwanyị iri abụọ a ma ama na 2009 site na akwụkwọ ''akụkọ New African'' . <ref name="Synergos">{{Cite web|url=http://www.synergos.org/universityforanight/11/honorees.htm|title=University for a Night 2011: David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award Honorees|publisher=Synergos|accessdate=9 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719055504/http://www.synergos.org/universityforanight/11/honorees.htm|archivedate=19 July 2014}}</ref> <ref name="New African">{{Cite web|url=http://newafricanmagazine.com/women-of-influence/|title=Women of Influence|work=New African|date=9 June 2011|accessdate=9 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714151711/http://newafricanmagazine.com/women-of-influence/|archivedate=14 July 2014}}</ref> Na 2011, Women Deliver depụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime pụkụ mmadụ kacha elu n'ụwa, na-akwalite ikike ụmụnwanyị ndi okenye na ụmụnwanyị na eto eto. <ref name="Women Deliver">{{Cite web|url=http://www.womendeliver.org/knowledge-center/publications/women-deliver-100/women-deliver-100-26-50/|title=Women Deliver 100: 26–50|publisher=Women Deliver|accessdate=9 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110510195813/http://www.womendeliver.org/knowledge-center/publications/women-deliver-100/women-deliver-100-26-50|archivedate=10 May 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, e nyere ya ihe nrite '''''2018 Zik Leadership maka ndu ndu mmadu''''' site na nyocha nyocha na nyocha nke ọha (PPRAC). == Akwụkwọ ndị ahọpụtara == * 2017 ''Loud Whispers'' <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://punchng.com/for-adeleye-fayemi-time-for-loud-whispers/|title=For Adeleye-Fayemi, time for Loud Whispers|work=Punch Newspapers|accessdate=2018-03-08|language=en-US}}</ref> * 2013 Speaking Above A Whisper <ref name="Punch www.punchng.com" /> <ref>Adeleye-Fayemi (2013) ''Speaking Above A Whisper'', Ibadan, Nigeria: Amandla Consulting.</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Jimoh|first=Michael|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/first-lady-with-a-difference/162768/|title=First Lady with a Difference|work=This Day|date=27 October 2013|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> * 2013 Speaking For Myself<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ajibade|first=Kunle|url=http://www.cityvoiceng.com/championing-the-cause-of-african-women/|title=Championing the Cause of African Women|work=City Voice|date=21 October 2013|accessdate=5 July 2014}}</ref> * 2008 ''Voice, Power and Soul'' (nke Jessica Horn deziri) == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Adeleye-Fayemi, Bisi}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] acw4z5pliw5etl5i1jm0xt2gcmrafss 0 12242 656727 495822 2026-06-23T06:31:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656727 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Daphne Marie Rooke''' (née '''Pizzey''' ) (6 Maachị 1914 – 21 Jenụarị 2009 <ref>Obituary by R. W. Johnson in the ''National Post'', Canada, 2 Feb. 2009</ref> ) bụ onye South Africa odee ọrụ dịka "Mittee", "Ratoons" na "Mba Ọkachamara". O dekwara akụkọ njem na akwụkwọ maka ụmụaka e debere na India, Australia, New Zealand, na Obodo South Africa. Daphne Rooke mụrụ na Boksburg, Transvaal ; Nke ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụaka isii nke nne Afrikaaner mụrụ. Nna nna Daphne bụ Dietlof Siegfried Maré, onye nchoputa nke Pietersburg, onye nwere ụmụ ịrị abụọ na atọ site na nwunye abụọ. Otu n'ime nwanne nna Daphne bụ onye edemede Leon Maré. <ref>Introduction to the Penguin Classics edition of "Mittee"</ref> Nne Daphne bụ Maria Magdalena Maré, a mụrụ n'afọ 1878, onye a maara dị ka "Mittee". <ref name="three rivers">{{Cite book|author=Rooke|first=Daphne|title=Three Rivers – A Memoir|year=2003|publisher=Daffodil Press|isbn=0-9545228-0-X}}</ref> Ọ lụrụ onye England, Edward Knevitte <ref>[http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=AHN&db=erasmussa&id=I99 Rootsweb entry for the family of Dietlof Siegfried Maré and Carolina Augusta Eberhardt]</ref> ma ọ bụ Knevitt n'afọ 1899. <ref name="three rivers" /> N'oge agha Anglo-Boer, esemokwu dị n'etiti Afrikaans na Bekee dị elu, na di na nwunye na ụmụ ha anọ (ụmụnne atọ nke Daphne na otu ọkara nwanne) ka a manyere ịhapụ Pietersburg n'ihi nwa amaala Bekee nke Knevitt. <ref>Brandt, Johanna. ''The Petticoat Commando, or Boer Women in Secret Service'' (London: Mills & Boon, 1913)</ref> O doro anya na ndị Mares na Knevitts enweghị obere kọntaktị ka oge a gachara. Mgbe Edward Knevitt nwụsịrị, nne Daphne lụrụ onye England ọzọ, Robert Pizzey, n'afọ 1911, <ref name="three rivers" /> wee mụọ ụmụ nwanyị abụọ ọzọ: Rosemary mụrụ n'afọ 1912 na Daphne mụrụ n'afọ 1914. Robert Pizzey lụrụ ọgụ wee nwụọ na Agha Ụwa Mbụ . <ref name="three rivers" /> Mgbe ọ bụ nwata, Daphne na-enwekarị nsogbu obi na uto. <ref name="three rivers" /> N'ụzọ bụ isi n'ihi ahụike Daphne, <ref name="three rivers" /> ezi na ụlọ hapụrụ Highveld wee gaa nso na Durban Natal . Nne Daphne bụ onye nkụzi na onye nta akụkọ, nakwa onye edemede dị mkpirikpi. <ref name="three rivers" /> O bipụtara nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ''The Children of the Veld'', n'okpuru pseudonym "Mare Knevitt". Nke a kpaliri Daphne ịnwale aka ya n'ide ihe. Ọ ghọrọ onye nta akụkọ na onye edemede. N'afọ 1946, ọ bụ onye meriri ihe nrite akwụkwọ edemede nke ''Afrikaanse Pers'', maka ọrụ e mechara bipụta dị ka akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, n'okpuru aha ''"A Grove of Fever Trees"'' . <ref>KZN Literary Tourism website</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a (1937) ọ lụrụ onye Australia aha ya bụ Irvin ("Bertie") Rooke, onye ọ zutere mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ nhazi maka otu ndị ọrụ ụgbọ njem. Ka ha na ezinụlọ Bertie dị n’Australia nwee njikọ, ha gawara Australia n'afọ 1946. <ref name="three rivers" /> Ha laghachiri Natal n'afọ 1953, ma echiche steeti ndị uwe ojii na South Africa kpasuru ha iwe, laghachi Australia n'afọ 1965. N'afọ 1980, Mahadum Natal "chọpụtara ya" ọrụ ya, bụ nke nyere ya nzere doctorate n'afọ 1997. Ọ nọgidere na Australia ruo mgbe Bertie nwụrụ n'afọ 1989 mgbe ọ kwagara Cambridge, England, bụ́ ebe o biri ndụ ya nile. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110604145819/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article5798342.ece Obituary]: ''[[The Times]]'', 25 February 2009</ref> Dabere na ndepụta mbipụta sitere na "Ndị akwụkwọ akụkọ oge a", vol.15, edemede nke Lynne Bryer <ref>[http://biography.jrank.org/pages/4695/Rooke-Daphne-Marie.html "Contemporary Novelists" vol.15, entry for Daphne Rooke]</ref> === Akụkọ ihe mere eme === * ''Osimiri atọ - Ihe ncheta'' . Daffodil Press (2003)  === Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya === * ''Oke osimiri ahụ kpuchiri'' . Ụlọ ahịa akwụkwọ APB (1946) mechara bipụta ya dị ka ''A Grove of Fever Trees'', Houghton Miffin (1950), Jonathan Cape (1951). * ''Mitte'' . Victor Golancz (1951), Houghton Miffin (1952), Chameleon Press (1987), Penguin Books (1991), Toby Press (2007) * ''Ratoon'' . Victor Golancz na Houghton Miffin (1953) Chameleon Press (1987), Toby Press (2007) * ''Obodo Ọkachamara'' . Victor Golancz na Houghton Miffin (1957), Chameleon Press (1987) Toby Press (2007) <ref name="kindle">[https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/B004ZMWUAM Available on Amazon Kindle in the UK]</ref> * ''Beti'' . Victor Golancz na Houghton Miffin (1959). * ''Onye hụrụ Estelle n'anya'' . Victor Golancz na Houghton Miffin (1961). * ''The Greyling'' . Victor Golancz (1962), Reynal (1963). * ''Diamond Jo'' . Victor Golancz na Reynal (1965). * ''Nwa nwoke n'Ugwu'' . Victor Golancz (1969). * ''Margaretha de la Porte'' . Victor Golancz (1974). === Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi === * "Ndị Enyi," na ''Akụkọ South Africa'', nke David Wright deziri. Faber & Faber na Duell (1960). * "Fikizolo," na ''Over the Horizon'' . Victor Golancz (1960). === Akwụkwọ ụmụaka === * ''Ụmụ ejima South Africa'' . Jonathan Cape (1953); dị ka ''ejima na South Africa'', Houghton Miffin (1955). * ''Ụmụ ejima Australia'' . Jonathan Cape (1954); dị ka ''ejima na Australia'', Houghton Miffin (1956). * ''Ụmụ ejima New Zealand'' . Jonathan Cape (1957). * ''Ugboro abụọ Ex!'' . Victor Golancz (1971). * ''Ịnyịnya nke Ya'' . Victor Golancz (1976). == Ọmụmụ ihe dị egwu == * Orville Prescott, na ''New York Times'', 1 Maachị 1950 * Dorothy Canfield Fisher, n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ọnwa (New York), Jenụwarị 1952 * Sylvia Stallings, na ''New York Herald Tribune'', 20 Disemba 1953 * Paul Scott, na ''Ndụ Obodo'' (London), 24 Mee 1962 * RW Johnson, na ''Times Literary Supplement'' (London), 5 Julaị 2006 <ref name="TLS">Times Literary Supplement, R. W. Johnson, ''The Old Fires of Daphne Rooke '', 5 July 2006</ref> == Nchịkọta ihe odide == * Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Mugar Memorial Library, Mahadum Boston, USA; * National English Literary Museum, Grahamstown, South Africa. == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} hfi4bcvu6mhgq9i95jjx29y0gip7mpv 0 15340 656694 655096 2026-06-22T21:28:42Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Cecil Kenneth Baker''' (1921 rụọ ọnwa Nọvemba 1996) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe nà South Africa.<ref>Dates uncertain. Some sources give birth year as 1931; some sources give death year as 1995. Cause of death variously given as complications from a stroke or alcoholism.</ref><ref name="JB1">Johans Borman – Fine Art Gallery. https://web.archive.org/web/20210613180522/http://www.johansborman.co.za/sa-masters/baker-kenneth/. Retrieved 20 March 2010.</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Baker nà Harfield Road, Claremont, Cape Town, South Africa, nké bụ, n'oge a mụrụ ya, ọbọdọ ndị na-arụ ọrụ.<ref name="CG1">The Cape Gallery. https://web.archive.org/web/20210419193239/http://www.capegallery.co.za/kenneth_baker_cv.htm. Retrieved 20 March 2010.</ref> O yiri ka ọ natara afọ ole na ole nke ụlọ akwụkwọ, ma zụọ onwé ya dị ka onye na-ese ihe, mana nnà ya gbara ya ume, ónyé na-enweta ego ya dị ka ihe na-ese ụlọ.<ref name="JB1"/><ref name="CG1"/> Kenneth tolitere n'okpuru mkpochapụ nke ịkpa ókè agbụrụ South Africa. Ọbọdọ a mụrụ yá bụ ebumnuche nkè gọọmentị nke ógè ahụ nke iwepụ ndị mmadụ n'ike, ebe ọtụtụ puku ezinụlọ kwagara n'ebe ndị ọzọ, dabere na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Ezinụlọ Baker so n'ime ndị kwagara. Kenneth lụrụ Joan, ónyé na-akọ akụkọ, ha nwere ụmụ anọ. Joan na-akọwa esemokwu dị n'etiti ihe akụ na ụba chọrọ ịzụlite ezinụlọ na ọchịchọ ya ịbụ ónyé na-ese ihe ógè niile. Otu n'ime ọrụ ya a maara na mbụ bụ dị ka onye na-ede akara na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Cape, ebe o doro anya na ọ nwetara ụfọdụ mkpali màkà isiokwu nkè ihe osise yá. Ọ nwere ụfọdụ aha ọmá n'oge ndụ ya, na-eme ihe ngosi otu nwoke na otu, mana ọ na-ere ọrụ ya na ọnụahịa dị ala, na-anụ ụtọ eziokwu ahụ bụ na nke a mere ka ọ dịkwuo mfe.<ref name="CG1"/><ref name="JB1"/> Kemgbe Kenneth nwụrụ na 1996, ọrụ ya na-adọta mmasị na-arịwanye elu, ọ na-apụta n'ọtụtụ nchịkọta nka Cape. == Ụdị ejiji == A na-akọwa ụdị ya dị ka nke na-eme ihe nkiri na nke na-egosipụta ihe. Ọ na-ese ihe osise ala, ihe nkiri ọbọdọ, ihe oyiyi na ihe ndị nwụrụ anwụ. Ọrụ ya nwere ihe dị mfe, ma na-emetụtakarị isiokwu dịka ịda ogbenye na ihe ụtọ kwa ụbọchị. O sere ọtụtụ ihe nkiri ndụ n'okporo ámá na District Six, Ọbọdọ dị n'akụkụ ọbọdọ nke na-eme ihe na nke márá mma nke ndị ọchịchị mechara bibie dị ka ọkwa ikpeazụ nke mwepụ ọzọ a manyere.<ref>The [[District Six Museum]]. http://www.districtsix.co.za/. Retrieved 23 March 2010.</ref> A na-amata Baker dị ka otu n'ime ndị ikwu ole na ole jidere ihe nke mmụọ nke District Six na usoro okike.<ref name="SDS">{{Cite book|title=The Struggle for District Six: past and present|author=Jeppie|first=Shamil|year=1990|publisher=Buchu Books|isbn=0-9583057-3-0}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == Enwere ike ịhụ ozi ndị ọzọ, na ihe atụ nke ọrụ ya na: * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210419193239/http://www.capegallery.co.za/kenneth_baker_cv.htm Ụlọ ngosi ihe nkiri Cape] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210613180522/http://www.johansborman.co.za/sa-masters/baker-kenneth/ Ụlọ ngosi Johans Borman] * [http://www.michaelstevenson.com Ụlọ ngosi Michael Stevenson] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130505043454/http://www.swelco.co.za/ Stephan Welz & Co Auctioneers] * [http://www.ashbeysgalleries.co.za/ Ashbeys Fine Art Auctioneers] * [http://www.stellenboschartgallery.co.za/ Stellenbosch Art Gallery] * [http://www.fineartportfolio.co.za/ Fine Art Portfolio] * [http://www.askart.com/AskART/artists/search/Search_Repeat.aspx?searchtype=IMAGES&artist=11013562 Akwụkwọ Bluebook nke onye na-ese ihe] * [http://www.artnet.com/ Ụwa nka n'ịntanetị] f4ex4cdwti8uglu514xjjqni0if2qg2 0 16027 656682 538678 2026-06-22T17:12:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Bouchra Ahrich''' (nke a na-akpọkwa "Hraich"; a mụrụ n'abalị 27, ọnwa Julaị afọ 1972 na Salé) bụ onye Morocco na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-eme ọchị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=BOUITHY|first=PROPOS RECUEILLIS PAR ALAIN|title=Entretien avec l'actrice Bouchra Ahrich : "Il n'est pas évident de présenter la vraie image de la femme marocaine au quotidien"|url=https://www.libe.ma/Entretien-avec-l-actrice-Bouchra-Ahrich-Il-n-est-pas-evident-de-presenter-la-vraie-image-de-la-femme-marocaine-au_a13647.html|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=Libération|language=fr|archivedate=2021-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129153830/https://www.libe.ma/Entretien-avec-l-actrice-Bouchra-Ahrich-Il-n-est-pas-evident-de-presenter-la-vraie-image-de-la-femme-marocaine-au_a13647.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bouchra Ahrich, une actrice aux multiples facettes|url=http://2m.ma/fr/programme/20161004-bouchra-ahrich-une-actrice-aux-multiples-facettes/|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=2M|language=fr}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Ahrich na Salé. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ debanyere aha na Institut supérieur d'art dramatique et d'animation culturelle (ISADAC) na Rabat, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ anọ na-amụ ihe nkiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=OUASSAT|first=Propos recueillis par MEHDI|title=Bouchra Ahrich : "Je prends très au sérieux le rôle de femme modeste"|url=https://www.libe.ma/Bouchra-Ahrich-Je-prends-tres-au-serieux-le-role-de-femme-modeste_a29876.html|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=Libération|language=fr|archivedate=2024-06-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240612002448/https://www.libe.ma/Bouchra-Ahrich-Je-prends-tres-au-serieux-le-role-de-femme-modeste_a29876.html}}</ref> == Akụkụ ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri ndị a ma ama === * 2004: ''Tarfaya''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2RDaobIdKoIC&dq=Bouchra+Hraich&pg=PA42|title=Catalogo Infinity Festival 2005|date=2005|publisher=Effata Editrice IT|isbn=978-88-7402-297-7|language=it}}</ref> * 2008: ''Onye bụbu Chemkar''<ref>{{Cite web|title=filmnat11|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fnf11/exchamkar.html|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=www.ccm.ma}}</ref> * 2011: ''Larbi ma ọ bụ ọdịnihu nke onye egwuregwu bọọlụ'' a ma ama * 2015: ''Àgwàetiti Perejil''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Festival National du Film|url=https://www.ccm.ma/fnf17/laisladeperejil.html|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=www.ccm.ma}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bouchra Hraich et Abdellah Ferkous: "La Isla" est une parodie»|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/bouchra-hraich-et-abdellah-ferkous-la-isla-est-une-parodie-122348|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}</ref> * 2018: ''Corsa''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bouchra Ahrich accouche à bord d'un véhicule… funéraire !|url=https://aujourdhui.ma/culture/cinema/bouchra-ahrich-accouche-a-bord-dun-vehicule-funeraire|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=Aujourd'hui le Maroc|language=fr-FR}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi === * 2003: ''Balcon Atlantico''<ref>{{Cite web|title=International Short Film Festival - Clermont-Ferrand|url=http://my.clermont-filmfest.com/index.php?m=226&c=3&id_film=100042670&o=|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=my.clermont-filmfest.com|language=en|archivedate=2021-11-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129153829/http://my.clermont-filmfest.com/index.php?m=226&c=3&id_film=100042670&o=}}</ref> == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6173445/?ref_=m_nmfm_nm Bouchra Ahrich - IMDb] == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSOURT:Harich, Bouchra}} 10bow2fsnhlozesryvqutxqrgt1nbnc 0 16323 656701 580711 2026-06-23T00:35:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} [[Usòrò:Chipo Chung 1.jpg|thumb|Chipo Chung 1.jpg]]   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Chipo Tariro Chung''' (a mụrụ ụrụ n'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1977) bụ onye Zimbabwe na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-ekwuchitere mmadụ nke bi na London.<ref>{{Cite news|title=How We Met: Chipo Chung & Bonnie Greer|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/how-we-met-chipo-chung-amp-bonnie-greer-2326894.html|accessdate=3 March 2012|work=The Independent|date=31 July 2011|author=Bonnie Greer|authorlink=Bonnie Greer}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Chung dịka onye gbara ọsọ ndụ na Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Ọ bụ onye ọkara Zimbabwean nke Mberengwa na ọkara ndị China. Aha ya Chipo pụtara "onyinye" n'asụsụ Shona. Ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ mbụ ya n'ogige ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ na [[Mozambique]] na ọtụtụ puku ndị na-eto eto na-agbapụ n'agha na Rhodesia n'oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=100 Women: Chipo Chung on identity, acting and activism|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-24608662/100-women-chipo-chung-on-identity-acting-and-activism|publisher=BBC|date=21 October 2013|accessdate=30 January 2020}}</ref> A zụlitere Chung na Harare ebe ọ gara Dominican Convent High School ma zụlite ime ihe nkiri ya na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri agbụrụ Over the Edge. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asatọ, ọ kwagara United States ebe nne ya Fay Chung na-arụ ọrụ maka United Nations. Fay Chung bụ onye nkuzi na onye bụbu minista agụmakwụkwọ na Zimbabwe. Nna ya bụ Rugare Gumbo si Mberengwa district Zimbabwe onye bụbu onye otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na Zimbabwe.<ref>{{Cite news|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Chipo Chung: International actress of repute|url=https://www.thestandard.co.zw/2015/09/20/chipo-chung-international-actress-of-repute/|work=The Standard|date=20 September 2015|accessdate=30 January 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Chung bu ụzọ mụọ iduzi na Mahadum Yale, wee zụọ dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri na Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA) na London wee gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 2003.<ref name="The Stage">{{Cite web|author=Williams|first=Holly|title=Chipo Chung: ‘I had to go round the houses to get into theatre’|url=https://www.thestage.co.uk/features/interviews/2017/chipo-chung-go-round-houses-get-theatre/|work=THE STAGE|accessdate=30 January 2020|date=14 September 2017}}</ref> Egwuregwu ya gụnyere Talking to Terrorists (Royal Court Theatre), The Overwhelming (Royal National Theatre) na ''Fallujah'' (nke ọ na-eme Condoleezza Rice), yana ''ihe'' nkiri oge ochie dịka ''Phedre'', nke ya na Helen Mirren (Royal Nacional Theatre), na ''Epidavros''. Ọ pụtara ugboro abụọ na Doctor Who, n'otu ihe omume na-egwu onye na-enyere Master aka Chantho, na nke ọzọ, onye a na-akpọ Fortune Teller.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeffery|first=Morgan|date=2019-01-05|title=8 actors who played more than one role in Doctor Who|url=http://www.digitalspy.com/tv/cult/a857385/doctor-who-actors-recast-returned/|accessdate=2020-10-26|work=Digital Spy|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Battersby|first=Matilda|title=A.D's Mary Magdalene, Chipo Chung: Jesus was really advanced in his views on women|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/features/ads-mary-magdalene-chipo-chung-jesus-was-really-advanced-in-his-views-on-women-10151655.html|work=Independent|accessdate=3 June 2018|date=5 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-10-18|title=15 actors who’ve appeared in ‘Doctor Who’ as different characters - Page 2 of 3|url=https://cultbox.co.uk/features/lists/15-actors-whove-appeared-in-doctor-who-as-different-characters|accessdate=2020-10-26|work=CultBox|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Ihe'' nkiri mbụ ya bụ olu Icarus II na Danny Boyle's Sunshine, yana mpụta na In the Loop and Proof . Ihe ngosi telivishọn ndị ọzọ gụnyere ihe nkiri The Last Enemy na dịka ''onye'' nta akụkọ na usoro nke abụọ nke ''Sherlock'' "The Hounds of Baskerville". N'afọ 2011 ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugboro ugboro dịka Vivian, onye na-arụkọ ọrụ n'ụlọ ikpe Eze Uther nke na-arụzi ọrụ dịka onye na-elekọta Morgan, nwanne nwanyị Eze Arthur, na usoro ihe nkiri romance nke oge ochie ''Camelot''. Ọ pụtara na usoro nkiri British TV nke afọ 2015 Fortitude dịka Trish Stoddart. N'afọ 2015 ọ meriri ọrụ nke Mary Magdalene na usoro TV, A.D. The Bible Continues . A jara ngosi ahụ mma maka mba ụwa na ọtụtụ agbụrụ ma meghee ya maka nde mmadụ iri na otu n'ọnwa Eprel 2015. N'afọ 2017, Chung weere ọrụ nke Queen Dido na mmepụta nke Royal Shakespeare Company nke Dido, Queen of Carthage site n'aka onye na-ede egwuregwu Christopher Marlowe.<ref name="The Stage" /> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ Agent Whitman na Absentia na site n'afọ 2017 ruo 2019 Master na usoro TV Into the Badlands .<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mbiriyamveka|first=Jonathan|date=December 6, 2017|title=Chipo Chung charms M-Net viewing audiences in Absentia|url=https://www.gemnation.news/chipo-chung-charms-m-net-viewing-audiences-absentia/|work=Gem Nation|accessdate=August 10, 2020|archivedate=December 12, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171212073635/http://www.gemnation.news/chipo-chung-charms-m-net-viewing-audiences-absentia/}}</ref> == Ọrụ mgbachite == Chung na onye guzobere Nick Reding guzobere ọrụ ebere SAFE-[[Kenya]] nke na-emepe ihe nkiri maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na Kenya, na-elekwasị anya na agụmakwụkwọ HIV na iwepụ clitoridectomy, ma na-anọdụ ugbu a na Board of Trustees.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.safekenya.org|title=S.A.F.E. Homepage|work=Safekenya.org|accessdate=31 March 2017}}</ref> Ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ na ọrụ ebere Peace Direct iji kwado Envision Zimbabwe, ntụkwasị obi ụmụ nwanyị nke na-arụ ọrụ maka iwulite nkwekọrịta na udo na Zimbabwe. Ọ na-anọdụkwa na RADA Council na British Equity's International Committee for Artists' Freedom (ICAF). N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2019, ya na mmadụ 42 ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọdịbendị, Chung bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ ozi na-akwado ndị otu Labour Party n'okpuru nduzi Jeremy Corbyn na ntuli aka afọ 2019. Akwụkwọ ozi ahụ kwuru na "Nkwupụta ntuli aka nke ndị ọrụ n'okpuru idu ndú Jeremy Corbyn na-enye atụmatụ mgbanwe nke na-ebute mkpa ndị mmadụ na ụwa ụzọ karịa uru onwe onye na ọdịmma nke mmadụ ole na ole".<ref name="theguardian1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/vote-for-hope-and-a-decent-future|title=Vote for hope and a decent future|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 December 2019|accessdate=4 December 2019}}</ref><ref name="theguardian2">{{Cite news|author=Proctor|first=Kate|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/dec/03/coogan-klein-lead-cultural-figures-backing-corbyn-labour|title=Coogan and Klein lead cultural figures backing Corbyn and Labour|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=3 December 2019|accessdate=4 December 2019}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == === Ngwa mkpanaka === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2017 |Njem Oge Dị Oké Mkpa |Onye sayensị | |} === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2005 |''Ihe akaebe'' |Enyi Mahadum | |- |2007 |''Ìhè Anyanwụ'' |Icarus nke Abụọ (olu) | |- |2009 |''N'Okporo Njem'' |Annabelle Hsin | |- |2011 |''360'' |Onye nchịkọta akụkọ | |- |2012 |''Labalaba, Ọ ga-alaghachi'' |Attika |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |2013 |''Mpaghara Na-acha Uhie'' |Starling (olu) |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |2014 |''N'elu Ebe A Na-ahụ Anya'' |Agnes Takahata |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi |- |2018 |''Thomas & Friends: Big World! Nnukwu Ihe Omume!'' |Ụgbọ ala ndị na-enye nsogbu n'Afrịka, Ụdị Ndị Afrịka dị iche iche (olu) |Nsụgharị UK na US |} === Telivishọn === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2003 |''Ike zuru oke'' |Miriam |Ihe omume: "History Man" |- |2007 |''Dalziel na Pascoe'' |Layla Jadwin |Ihe omume 2 |- |2007-2008 |''Dọkịta Ònye'' |Chantho, onye na-akọ akụkọ ọdịnihu |Ihe omume "Utopia" na "Turn Left" |- |2007 |''Obodo Holby'' |Dr. Nicola Wood |Ihe omume: "N'oge gara aga ezughị oke" |- |2008 |''Onye iro Ikpeazụ'' |Lucy Fox |Ihe omume 2 |- |2009 |''Ndị nwụrụnụ'' |Dan Dan |Ihe omume: "Ònye ka ị chere na ị bụ?" |- |2009 |''Ihe nkiri Mba Na-eme'' |Ismene |Ihe omume: "Phedra" |- |2010 |''Ihe a maara'' |Michelle Fielding |Ihe omume: "Ndụ nke Abụọ" |- |2011 |''Camelot'' |Vivian |Ihe omume 8 |- |2012 |''Sherlock'' |Onye na-eme ihe ngosi |Ihe omume: "The Hounds of Baskerville" |- |2015 |''Ike'' |Trish Stoddart |Ihe omume 5 |- |2015 |''A.D. Bible na-aga n'ihu'' |Meri Magdalin |Ihe omume iri na abụọ |- |2015 |''Site n'Ochịchịrị'' |Jemima Greer |Ihe omume: "Ihe omume #1.2" |- |2016 |''Iri na Atọ'' |Alia Symes |Ihe omume 3 |- |2017 |''Enweghị ya'' |Onye Ọrụ Whitman |Ihe omume 7 |- |2017 2019 |''N'ime Ala Ọhịa'' |Nna Ukwu ahụ |Ihe omume iri na anọ |- |2018 |''Thomas na Ndị Enyi'' |Hong-Mei, Ụgbọ ala Africa |Olu UK/US |- |2021 |''Ntọala'' |Onye nkuzi Simulation |Ihe omume 2 |} === Egwuregwu vidio === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2017 |''Hellblade: Àjà Senua'' |Onye na-akọ akụkọ | |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Chipo Chung on Twitter * {{IMDb name|1496158|Chipo Chung}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151005003756/http://www.nationaltheatre.org.uk/discover-more/artists/chipo-chung Chipo Chung] onye otu peeji na National Theatre * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120526070016/http://www.ashbee.net/rada/grad03/chu.html RADA Profaịlụ] {{DEFAULTSORT:Chung, Chipo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p8bynfakt9ptcdqfhm7irntqkj8astm 0 16711 656708 588626 2026-06-23T02:28:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Clarissa T. Sligh (amụrụ n'ọnwa Ọgọọst 30, afọ 1939) bụ onye Afrịka-Amerịka na-ese akwụkwọ na onye na-ese foto nke bi na Asheville, [[Nort Kárólínạ|North Carolina]]. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ọ bụ onye isi mkpesa n'okwu ikpe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na Virginia. N'afọ 1988, ọ ghọrọ onye guzobere Coast-to-Coast: A Women of Color National Artists' Project, nke lekwasịrị anya n'ịkwalite ọrụ ndị inyom na-acha ọbara ọbara rụzuru. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Sligh na Washington, D.C. Ọ tolitere n'ezinụlọ buru ibu na-arụ ọrụ ma "ga ụlọ akwụkwọ dị iche iche na mpaghara Virginia nke ndị ọcha".<ref>{{Cite book|title=The Art of History: African American Women Artists Engage the Past|author=Collins|first=Lisa Gail|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2002|isbn=0813530210|location=New Brunswick, New Jersey|pages=[https://archive.org/details/artofhistoryafri0000coll/page/112 112]|url=https://archive.org/details/artofhistoryafri0000coll/page/112}}</ref> N'afọ 1955, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise, ọ bụ onye isi mkpesa n'okwu ikpe nke ụlọ akwụkwọ na Virginia (''Thompson v County School Board'' of Arlington County).<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140810075011/http://arts.gov/art-works/2012/art-talk-clarissa-sligh Art Talk with Clarissa Sligh], [[National Endowment for the Arts v. Finley|National Endowment for the Arts]], March 6, 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Thompson v County School Board of Arlington Virginia|url=https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/159/567/2343995/|work=Justia US Law|accessdate=16 March 2018}}</ref> Sligh gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Afrịkan-Amerịkan Hampton Institute dị na Hampton, Virginia, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na mgbakọ na mwepụ n'afọ 1961. N'afọ 1972, ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na Visual Arts na Mahadum Howard dị na Washington DC, n'afọ 1973, MBA na Wharton School na Mahadụ Pennsylvania. N'afọ 1999, ọ nwetara nzere Master of Fine Arts na Visual Arts na Mahadum Howard . == Ọrụ == Tupu ọ rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe, Sligh nwere ọrụ na NASA ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na mmemme ụgbọ elu ụgbọ elu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.clarissasligh.com/essays/2009_minewascrook.html|title=Clarissa Sligh|work=www.clarissasligh.com|accessdate=April 11, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316020843/http://www.clarissasligh.com/essays/2009_minewascrook.html|archivedate=March 16, 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 1987, Sligh nwere ike ịhapụ ọrụ ụbọchị ya iji lekwasị anya n'ịrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe.<ref name="wsworkshop.org">{{Cite web|date=2019-06-06|title=Clarissa Sligh: Living A Life, the Personal and the Political|url=https://wsworkshop.org/2019/06/clarissa-sligh-living-a-life-the-personal-and-the-political/|accessdate=2020-08-11|work=Women's Studio Workshop|language=en-US}}</ref> E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na Museum of Modern Art na New York City, Jewish Museum na New York Town, na Walker Art Center na Minneapolis, Minnesota. E gosipụtakwara ọrụ ya na National African American Museum Project, na Smithsonian Institution na Washington, DC, onye bu ụzọ na National Museum of African American History and Culture. {{DEFAULTSORT:Sligh, Clarissa}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] hiqf0z99icxpf1cbbw27os9gzpnaonh 0 16935 656736 630983 2026-06-23T09:21:23Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656736 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{databox}} '''Nasibu Abdul Juma Issack''' (a mụrụ n'ụbọchị nke abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 1989), onye a maara nke ọma site na aha egwu ya bụ '''Diamond Platnumz''', yana aha nka ndị ọzọ bụ Simba, Chibu Dangote, bụ onye [[Tanzania|Tanzanian]] bongo flava na-emepụta egwu, onye na-agba egwu, onye ọrụ ebere na onye ọchụnta ego nke ihe nketa Ha. A mụrụ ya ma zụlite ya na Tandale, Dar es Salaam . Ọ bụ onye guzobere na onye isi oche nke WCB Wasafi Record Label, Zoom Extra, Wasafi Bet na Wasafi Media. Diamond enwetala ọtụtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ na Central Africa.<ref name="bongo5">{{Cite web|date=26 April 2013|title=Mastaa 20 wa burudani, michezo na urembo Tanzania wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi|url=http://www.bongo5.com/mastaa-20-wa-burudanimichezo-na-urembo-tanzania-wenye-ushawishi-mkubwa-zaidi-04-2013/|publisher=bongo5}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye egwu mbụ sitere n'Afrịka iji nweta ngụkọta nke 1 ijeri [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diamond Platnumz becomes first African artiste to hit 40 billion views on Youtube|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/diamond-platnumz-becomes-first-african-artiste-to-hit-900-million-views-on-youtube-2706234|accessdate=2022-06-22|archivedate=2021-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110060006/https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/diamond-platnumz-becomes-first-african-artiste-to-hit-900-million-views-on-youtube-2706234}}</ref> Mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ndekọ na Universal Music n'afọ 2017, Platnumz wepụtara abọm studio nke atọ ya, A Boy from Tandale (2018). N'afọ 2021, Diamond na akara ndekọ ya WCB Wasafi<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-18|title=Diamond & WCB-Wasafi Ink Another Lucrative Deal with International Company (Photos)|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/celebrities/diamond-and-his-wcb-wasafi-ink-another-lucrative-deal-with-warner-music-south-africa/vpdwbq7|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Pulse Kenya|language=en}}</ref> banyere na 360 Partnership na ''Warner Music Group''.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Warner Music Group Warner Music Announces Partnership with Diamond Platnumz and WCB-Wasafi|url=https://www.wmg.com/news/warner-music-announces-partnership-diamond-platnumz-and-wcb-wasafi-35466|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=Warner Music Group Official Website|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Warner Music partners with Diamond Platnumz {{!}} Complete Music Update|url=https://completemusicupdate.com/article/warner-music-partners-with-diamond-platnumz/|accessdate=2021-05-18|archivedate=2021-05-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518114525/https://completemusicupdate.com/article/warner-music-partners-with-diamond-platnumz/}}</ref> [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] == Ọrụ == Ọrụ ya malitere n'afọ 2006 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na asaa mgbe ọ na-ere uwe. Ọ ga-eji ego ọ nwetara site na azụmahịa uwe dekọọ egwu ma mesịa dekọọ egwu mbụ ya "Toka Mwanzo", egwu Bongo flava jikọtara ya na R&B. Abụ ahụ enweghị ihe ịga nke ọma n'ahịa.<ref name="Citizen">{{Cite web|title=How Diamond Platnumz Became Tanzania's Biggest Star - The Citizen|url=https://www.thecitizen.co.tz/tanzania/news/entertainment/how-diamond-platnumz-became-tanzania-s-biggest-star-3503686|accessdate=August 8, 2021|work=The Citizen}}</ref> E wepụtara egwu ya bụ "Kamwambie" n'afọ 2010.<ref name="Citizen" /> Abụ ahụ meriri ugboro atọ Tanzania Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Neophytou|first=Nadia|title=How Diamond Platnumz Became Tanzania's Biggest Star|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/hip-hop/9610830/diamond-platnumz-tanzania-bongo-flava-interview/|accessdate=8 June 2021|work=Billaboard}}</ref> O weputara abọm studio mbụ ya ''Kamwambie'' n'otu afọ ahụ n'afọ 2010. N'afọ 2014, Platnumz nwetara nhọpụta na BET Awards 2014 maka Best International Act: [[Eluàlà|Africa]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2014-01-26|title=Beyonce & Jay Z Lead 2014 BET Awards|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/the-juice/6084917/beyonce-jay-z-lead-2014-bet-awards|accessdate=2014-05-14|work=Billboard}}</ref> Platnumz na onye na-ese vidio Director Kenny na-arụkọ ọrụ ugboro ugboro maka vidiyo egwu ya. A họpụtara vidiyo egwu maka "Waah", nke Kenny duziri, maka "Best African Video" na 2021 All Africa Music Awards.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Best African Video|url=https://afrima.org/AFRIMA2021voting/best-african-video|work=www.afrima.org|language=en|accessdate=2022-06-22|archivedate=2021-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027121026/https://afrima.org/AFRIMA2021voting/best-african-video}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=What Artists Are Nominated for All Africa Music Awards 2021|url=https://lifestyleuganda.com/nominees-africa-music-awards-2021/|accessdate=12 October 2021|work=www.lifestyleuganda.com|language=en|archivedate=3 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003072309/https://lifestyleuganda.com/nominees-africa-music-awards-2021/}}</ref> N'afọ 2022, o wepụtara egwu 10 ya gbasaa ebe ọ gosipụtara ndị omenkà kachasị elu dịka Zuchu, [[Adekunle Gold]], Focalistic na ọtụtụ ndị omenkọ ndị ọzọ kachasị elu n'Africa.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-11|title=First Of All by Diamond Platnumz|language=en-US|work=ivoryMP3|url=https://ivorymp3.com/diamond-platnumz-first-of-all-album/}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe == Diamond bụ onye Alakụba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Diamond on the Sporah Show|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gNyERFAm14&t=30m15s|accessdate=16 June 2014|publisher=Sporah Show}}</ref> Ya na onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ n'oge gara aga, onye ọchụnta ego si Uganda bụ Zari Hassan, nke bi na South Africa, nwere ụmụ abụọ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Musungu|first=Nahashon|date=2018-02-15|title=Zari Hassan finally divorces Diamond Platnumz... on Valentine's Day|language=en-US|work=Nairobi News|url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/zari-hassan-finally-divorces-diamond-platinumz-valentines-day/|accessdate=2018-04-05}}</ref><ref name="Aswani 2018">{{Cite web|author=Aswani|first=Nixon|date=2018-02-21|title=Diamond Platnumz biography: facts you didn't know about the king of Wasafi|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/266426-diamond-platnumz-biography-facts-didnt-king-wasafi.html|accessdate=2018-11-19|work=Tuko.co.ke - Kenya dayax news.}}</ref><ref name="Mbuthia 2018">{{Cite web|author=Mbuthia|first=Geoffrey|date=2018-05-11|title=Diamond denies rumours that Prince Nillan is not his son|url=https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/|accessdate=2018-11-19|work=Mpasho News|archivedate=2018-11-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181120095415/https://mpasho.co.ke/diamond-denies-rumours-nillan-son/}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ nna nke ugboro atọ ya na onye Tanzania Hamisa Mobetto.<ref name="TowerPostNews 2017">{{Cite web|date=2017-09-19|title=Diamond Platnumz Admits Cheating on Zari With Model Hamisa Mobeto|url=http://thetowerpost.com/2017/09/19/diamond-platnumz-admits-cheating-on-zari-with-model-hamisa-mobeto/|accessdate=2018-11-19|work=TowerPostNews}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2019, Diamond na onye Kenya na-eme ihe ngosi na onye egwu Tanasha Donna, onye ya na ya mụrụ otu nwa nwoke, amụrụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Muli|first=Davis|title=17 hours of labour: Tanasha Donna welcomes first child with Diamond|url=https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001344186/17-hours-of-labour-tanasha-donna-welcomes-first-child-with-diamond|accessdate=2020-02-18|work=Standard Digital News|archivedate=2020-02-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218090929/https://www.sde.co.ke/article/2001344186/17-hours-of-labour-tanasha-donna-welcomes-first-child-with-diamond}}</ref> Ha abụọ kewara kemgbe na Tanasha Donna na-efega n'ala nna ya, Kenya. Diamond bụ nwa nwanne nne nke onye Tanzania na-eme ihe nkiri na DJ, Romeo Abdul Jones, nke a maara dị ka Romy Jones.<ref>{{Cite web|date=31 July 2019|title=Diamond's brother Romy Jons and wife expecting their first child (Video)|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/diamonds-brother-and-official-dj-romy-jons-and-wife-kay-jord-expecting-their-first/xm2z3s8|work=Facebook}}</ref> O nwekwara ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ, onye egwu Queen Darleen, na onye ọchụnta ego na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya bụ Esma Platnumz.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Sauce|first=The|date=3 December 2019|title=Diamond Platnumz's elder sister Queen Darleen married as a second wife|url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/thesauce/diamond-platnumzs-elder-sister-queen-darleen-married-as-a-second-wife/}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, ọ kwadoro otu ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị na-achị Tanzania, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) na onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala, Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete.<ref>{{Cite web|date=28 August 2010|title=Mimi na mchagua Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DlUeI8T6FY|accessdate=17 September 2014|language=sw}}</ref> O weputara egwu ndi ozo na akwado CCM, dika "''CCM Tusonge Mbele''" ("CCM Let's Move Forward").<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 August 2014|title=Diamond Mbagala Remix CCM Tusonge Mbele|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkZdDn2U6iI|accessdate=17 September 2014|language=sw}}</ref> === Ọrụ azụmahịa === Na 23 Jenụwarị 2019, a mara Diamond Platnumz dịka onye nnọchi anya Pepsi Brand na East Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Kahaso|first=Wendy|date=24 January 2019|title=Diamond officially appointed as Pepsi brand ambassador|url=https://dailyactive.info/2019/01/24/diamond-officially-appointed-as-pepsi-brand-ambassador/|accessdate=22 June 2022|archivedate=17 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230617092245/https://dailyactive.info/2019/01/24/diamond-officially-appointed-as-pepsi-brand-ambassador/}}</ref> Na 13 Septemba 2019, Diamond Platnumz ghọrọ Brand Ambassador nke Parimatch Africa.<ref>{{Cite web|date=13 September 2019|title=Diamond Platnumz brand ambassador for Parimatch Africa|url=https://www.igamingbusiness.com/diamond-platnumz-brand-ambassador-parimatch-africa|work=iGaming Business|accessdate=22 June 2022|archivedate=19 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919092833/https://www.igamingbusiness.com/diamond-platnumz-brand-ambassador-parimatch-africa}}</ref> Na 25 Septemba 2019, a kpọrọ Diamond onye nnọchi anya Nice One Brand Ambassador.<ref>{{Cite web|date=25 September 2019|title=Diamond lands another ambassadorial deal (Video)|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/diamond-platnumz-appointed-nice-one-brand-ambassador/ezxj7bz|work=Facebook}}</ref> Na 4 Machị 2020, a kpughere Diamond Platnumz dịka onye nnọchi anya ọhụrụ nke Coral Paints (Tanzania).<ref>{{Cite web|date=4 March 2020|title=Details of Diamond's press conference that went down in Dar es Salaam|url=https://www.pulselive.co.ke/entertainment/diamond-platnumz-appointed-as-the-new-brand-ambassador-of-cotral-paints-in-tanzania/rhl8bkn|work=Facebook}}</ref> N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2021, ọ malitere Wasafibet na mmekorita ya na Odibets - ụlọ ọrụ egwuregwu Kenya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ngigi|first=Elizabeth|date=11 December 2021|title=Odibets partners with Diamond Platnumz to launch Wasafibet|publisher=The Star|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/sasa/word-is/2021-12-11-odibets-partners-with-diamond-platnumz-to-launch-wasafibet/|accessdate=1 April 2022}}</ref> == Ndekọ Egwu == === Abọm === * 2010: ''Kamwambie''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Free Music Streaming & Sharing &#124; Audiomack|url=https://audiomack.com/album/diamondplatnumz/kamwambie|work=audiomack.com}}</ref> * 2012: ''Lala Salama''<ref>{{Cite web|title=Free Music Streaming & Sharing &#124; Audiomack|url=https://audiomack.com/album/diamondplatnumz/lalasalama|work=audiomack.com}}</ref> * 2018: ''Nwa nwoke si Tandale''<ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-03-16|title=A Boy From Tandale: How The Diamond Platnumz Album Launch & Songa Bash Went Down - Potentash|language=en-US|work=Potentash|url=https://www.potentash.com/2018/03/16/diamond-platinumz-boy-from-tandale/|accessdate=2018-03-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2018-03-15|title=Diamond Platnumz 'A Boy From Tandale' Album Launch – Kenya (Review)|language=en-US|work=Black Roses|url=https://anyiko.wordpress.com/2018/03/15/diamond-platnumz-a-boy-from-tandale-album-launch-kenya-review/|accessdate=2018-03-20}}</ref> * 2022: Nke Mbụ n'ime Ihe niile<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-03-11|title=Diamond Platnumz First Of All|language=en-US|work=ivoryMP3|url=https://ivorymp3.com/diamond-platnumz-first-of-all-album/|accessdate=2022-03-11}}</ref> === Ndị ọ gụrụ naanị ha na ndi mmekorita === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Album |- | rowspan="12" |2010<br /><br /><br /><br /> |"Kamwambie" | rowspan="12" |''Kamwambie'' |- |"Nitarejea"feat. <small>Hawa)</small> |- |"Nakupa Moyo Wangu"(feat. <small>Maazị Blue)</small> |- |"Nalia Na Mengi"(feat. <small>Chid Benz)</small> |- |"Jayachi" . <small>Ngwair & Geez Mabovu)</small> |- |"Wivuwivu"feat. <small>Rj The Dj)</small> |- |"Mbagala" |- |"<small>Ọ</small> kpọrọ m gị asị"feat. <small>Hemedy PHD)</small> |- |"Binadam" |- |"Wakunesanesa" |- |"Ọ bụrụ na Uko Tayari" |- |"Toka Mwanzo"feat. <small>Fatma & Rj The Dj)</small> |- | rowspan="10" |2012<br /><br /><br /><br /> |"Lala Salama" | rowspan="10" |''Lala Salama'' |- |"Moyo Wangu" |- |"Chanda Chema" |- |"Nimpende Nani" |- |"Najua" |- |"Mawazo" |- |"Kwanini" |- |"Natamani" |- |"Gongo La Mboto"(feat. <small>Mrisho Mpoto)</small> |- |"Kizaizi" |- | rowspan="18" |2018 |"Hallelujah" (feat. <small>Morgan Heritage)</small> | rowspan="18" |''Nwa nwoke si Tandale'' |- |"Waka" (feat. <small>Rick Ross)</small> |- |"Baikoko" |- |"Pamela" (feat. <small>Onye Ogbu Mmadụ Na-eto Eto)</small> |- |"Iyena" (feat. <small>Rayvanny)</small> |- |"Kosa Langu" |- |"Nikuone" |- |"Ịgba egwú" |- |"Sijaona" |- |"African Beauty" (feat. <small>Omarion)</small> |- |"Eneka" |- |"Ọkụ" (feat. <small>[[Tiwa Savage]])</small> |- |"Lụọ Gị" (feat. <small>Ne-Yo)</small> |- |"Nọmba Otu" (feat. <small>[Remix]</small> |- |"Nana" (feat. <small>Nri)</small> |- |"Kidogo" (feat. <small>[[P-Square]])</small> |- |"Amanda" (feat. <small>Jah Prayzah)</small> |- |"Ebe Dị anya" (feat. <small>Vanessa Mdee)</small> |- | rowspan="11" | |"Onye" | rowspan="11"{{n/a|Songs}} |- |"Jibebe"Na. <small>Mbosso & Lava Lava)</small> |- |"Kanyaga" |- |"Inama" (feat. <small>Ipupa ụgha)</small> |- |"Baba Lao" |- |"Ọda" . <small>Teni (onye na-abụ abụ)</small> |- |"Gere"Na. <small>Tanasha Donna)</small> |- |"Mụ onwe m" |- |"Haunisumbui"<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-03|title=Music + Lyrics: Diamond Platnumz – Haunisumbui Mp3 & Lyrics|url=http://amebo9ja.com/music-lyrics-diamond-platnumz-haunisumbui-mp3-lyrics/|accessdate=2020-10-06|work=Amebo9ja|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201003151850/https://amebo9ja.com/music-lyrics-diamond-platnumz-haunisumbui-mp3-lyrics/}}</ref> |- |"Ongeza" |- |"Waah(feat. <small>[Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]</small> |- |2021 |"Naanzaje" | |} === E gosipụtara ya na === {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ !Afọ !Aha ya !Album |- |2017 |"Hụ gị n'anya na-anwụ" (<small>Patoranking ft</small>. <small>Diamond Platnumz)</small> |- | rowspan="4" |2019<br /><br /><br /><br /> |"My Way Remix" (<small>Stanley Enow ft</small>. <small>Diamond Platnumz)</small> | |- |"Yope" Remix (<small>Innoss'B ft</small>. <small>Diamond Platnumz)</small> | |- |"Moto"(Wawa Salegy ft. <small>Diamond Platnumz)</small> | |- |"Penzi" (<small>Ya Levis ft</small>. <small>Diamond Platnumz)</small> | |- |2020 |"Energy a tụfuru atụfu" (<small>Alicia Keys</small> <small>ft</small>. <small>Diamond Platnumz)</small> | |- |} == Edemsibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Diamond Platnumz on Twitter {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m7swky3fn42jrljxa5a034xn4lbxljv 0 17097 656674 141372 2026-06-22T15:39:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656674 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Kenneth Binyavanga Wainaina''' (18 Jenụwarị 1971 - 21 Mee 2019) bụ onye edemede Kenya, onye nta akụkọ na onye mmeri nke Caine Prize for African Writing na 2002. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2014, magazin Time gụnyere Wainaina na Time 100 ya kwa afọ dị ka otu n'ime "Ndị kacha nwee mmetụta n'ụwa".<ref name="time">{{Cite news|url=http://time.com/70795/binyavanga-wainaina-time-100/|title=Binyavanga Wainaina by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie: Time 100|work=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]|accessdate=31 May 2014|date=23 April 2014}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Binyavanga Wainaina na 18 Jenụwarị 1971 na Nakuru na Rift Valley Province, Kenya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/feb/16/binyavanga-wainaina-gay-rights-kenya-africa|title=Binyavanga Wainaina: coming out in Kenya|author=Adams|first=Tim|date=16 February 2014|work=The Observer|accessdate=23 May 2019|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref name="BBC">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/02/voices_from_kenya/html/wainaina.stm "Voices of Kenya's Voters"], BBC News.</ref> Ọ gara akwụkwọ na Moi Primary School na Nakuru, Mangu High School na Thika, na Lenana School na Nairobi. O mechara mụọ azụmahịa na Mahadum nke Transkei na South Africa, ebe ọ gara biri n'afọ 1991.<ref name="BBC" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200529215428/http://kwani.org/publication/kwanini-series/4/how_to_write_about_africa.htm Biographical note], "How To Write About Africa", Kwani?.</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ MPhil na Creative Writing na Mahadum nke East Anglia n'afọ 2010.<ref>[http://www.hurstonwright.org/authors/binyavanga-wainaina/ "Binyavanga Wainaina | Biography"], Hurston/Wright Foundation.</ref> E bipụtara akwụkwọ mbụ ya, akwụkwọ ncheta akpọrọ One Day I Will Write About This Place, n'afọ 2011. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2014, n'ịzaghachi ọtụtụ iwu na-emegide nwoke idina nwoke n'Africa, Wainaina kwupụtara n'ihu ọha na ọ bụ nwoke idina nwanyị, nke mbụ dere edemede nke ọ kọwara dị ka "isi furu efu" nke akwụkwọ ncheta ya nke afọ 2011 nke akpọrọ "Abụ m nne nwoke na-edina nwaanyị", wee tweeter: "Abụ m, maka onye ọ bụla nwere mgbagwoju anya ma ọ bụ na-enwe obi abụọ, nwoke idina. Nwoke na-edina nwoke ibe ya, ma nwee obi ụtọ".<ref name="Lost chapter">{{Cite web|url=http://africasacountry.com/i-am-a-homosexual-mum/|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|title=I am a homosexual, mum (A lost chapter from One Day I Will Write About This Place)|work=Africa is a Country|date=19 January 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160307133956/http://africasacountry.com/2014/01/i-am-a-homosexual-mum/|archivedate=7 March 2016}}</ref><ref>Howden, Daniel (21 January 2014), [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/21/kenyan-writer-binyavanga-wainaina-declares-homosexuality/print "Kenyan writer Binyavanga Wainaina declares: 'I am homosexual'"], ''The Guardian''.</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Usòrò:Binyavanga_Wainaina_2008.jpg|thumb|Wainaina na mmemme PICNIC na 2008, ebe ọ bụ ọkà okwu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.picniceverywhere.com/picnic-festival-2008|title=PICNIC Festival 2008: Create the Future (collaborative creativity)|accessdate=22 May 2019}}</ref>]] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Wainaina rụrụ ọrụ na Cape Town ruo afọ ole na ole dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ nri na njem n'onwe ya.<ref name="PostObit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/obituaries/binyavanga-wainaina-barrier-shattering-presence-in-african-literature-dies-at-48/2019/05/22/4fddb096-7c9c-11e9-8bb7-0fc796cf2ec0_story.html|title=Binyavanga Wainaina, barrier-shattering presence in African literature, dies at 48|first=Harrison|author=Smith|work=[[The Washington Post]]|date=22 May 2019|accessdate=22 May 2019}}</ref> N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2002 ọ meriri Caine Prize maka obere akụkọ ya "Discovering Home" (ndị ọka ikpe bụ Ahdaf Soueif, Margaret Busby, Jason Cowley na Abdulrazak Gurnah).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Caine%20Prize%20sways%20African%20writing/-/434746/910622/-/rud575z/-/|title=Caine Prize sways African writing|first=Mwenda|author=Micheni|date=3 May 2010|work=The East African}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Caine+Prize+2002%3A+top+award+goes+to+Kenya's+Wainaina.+(Events).-a091568303|title=Caine Prize 2002: Top award goes to Kenya's Wainaina|first=Stephen|author=Williams|date=1 September 2002|work=All Business|publisher=Reprinted at The Free Library}}</ref><ref>[https://static1.squarespace.com/static/565c3d39e4b027c789ba5b70/t/56a93116ab2810988519b820/1453928731099/CainePrize+Judges+Archive+2000-12.pdf Caine Prize judges since 2000.]</ref> Wainaina bụ onye guzobere nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''Kwani?'', akwụkwọ akụkọ na East Africa nke sitere na mgbanwe nka nke malitere na 2002.<ref name="okayafrica">{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/profile/binyavanga-wainaina|title=Binyavanga Wainaina|accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="guardianobit">{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/jun/02/binyavanga-wainaina-obituary|title=Binyavanga Wainaina obituary – Kenyan writer and LGBT activist who made a revolutionary impact on literature from and about the African continent|author=Busby|first=Margaret|date=2019-06-02|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2019-06-06|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.okayafrica.com/5-literary-magazines-that-have-shaped-contemporary-african-literature/|title=5 Literary Magazines That Have Transformed African Literature|first=Tadiwa|author=Madenga|date=27 June 2018|publisher=okayafrica.}}</ref> E guzobere ya na 2003, ''Kwani?'' abụrụla isi iyi dị mkpa nke ederede ọhụrụ sitere na Africa; Yvonne Owuor dekwara maka magazin ahụ wee merie Caine Prize na 2003.<ref name="okayafrica" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://caineprize.com/previous-winners/|title=Previous Winners|publisher=The 2003 Caine Prize for African Writing|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412113259/http://caineprize.com/previous-winners/|archivedate=12 April 2019|accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref> Akwụkwọ satirical nke Wainaina "Olee otu esi ede banyere Africa", nke e bipụtara na magazin ''Granta'' na 2005, dọtara uche dị ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://granta.com/how-to-write-about-africa/|title=How to Write About Africa|date=2 May 2019}}</ref><ref name="Bidoun">Wainaina, Binyavanga (24 May 2019), [http://bidoun.org/articles/how-to-write-about-africa-ii "How to Write About Africa II – The revenge"], ''Bidoun'', Issue 21: Bazaar II, 2008.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=Goats and Soda|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/05/22/725808622/binyavanga-wainaina-tells-us-how-to-write-about-africa|title=Binyavanga Wainaina Tells Us 'How To Write About Africa'|date=22 May 2019|accessdate=25 May 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2003, Kenya Publishers Association nyere ya onyinye maka ọrụ ya na akwụkwọ Kenya.<ref name="Kamau">{{Cite web|url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/273666-binyavanga-wainaina-7-controversial-author.html|title=Binyavanga Wainaina: 7 things you need to know about this controversial author|first=Stephen|author=Kamau|publisher=[[Tuko]]|date=16 May 2018|accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref> O dere maka The EastAfrican, ''National Geographic'', ''The Sunday Times'' (South Africa), ''Granta'', ''The New York Times'', ''Chimurenga'' na ''The Guardian'' (UK).<ref name="Kamau" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2017/08/07/how-to-write-about-everything-binyavanga-wainaina-on-the-problems-faced-by-african-writers-and-how-to-overcome-them/|title='How to write about everything'—Binyavanga Wainaina on the problems faced by African writers, and how to overcome them|first=Jennifer|author=Malec|work=The Johannesburg Review of Books|date=7 August 2017|accessdate=23 May 2019|quote=The piece was styled as a 'lost chapter' from his memoir, ''One Day I Will Write About This Place'', and was published simultaneously on Chimurenga...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://granta.com/binyavanga-wainaina/|title=Binyavanga Wainaina|first=Sigrid|author=Rausing|authorlink=Sigrid Rausing|work=Granta|date=22 May 2019|quote=We had already published his memoir... and, among others, a satirical piece...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://planetbinya.org/|title=Binyavanga Wainaina Archive|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831091818/https://planetbinya.org/|archivedate=31 August 2018|quote=He wrote several essays for the ''Sunday Times'', South Africa, commissioned by Andrew Unsworth, which are unavailable on their online archive.|accessdate=24 August 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2016-12-01-i-am-hiv-positive-binyavanga-tweets/|title=I am HIV positive, Binyavanga tweets|first=Patrick|author=Vidija|date=1 December 2016|accessdate=23 May 2019}}</ref> N'afọ 2007, Waina bụ onye edemede bi na Union College na Schenectady, NY (USA). N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2008, ọ nọ na Williams College, na Williamstown, Massachusetts, ebe ọ na-akụzi, na-akwalite ma na-arụ ọrụ na akwụkwọ akụkọ. Ọ bụ Bard Fellow na onye nduzi nke [[Chinụa Achebe|Chinua Achebe]] Center for African Literature and Languages na Bard College.<ref>{{Cite web|author=<!-- No author credited -->|title=Fellows of the Bard Center|url=http://www.bard.edu/institutes/bardcenter/fellows/|work=bard.edu|publisher=[[Bard College]]|accessdate=18 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218183600/http://www.bard.edu/institutes/bardcenter/fellows/|archivedate=18 February 2015}}</ref> Wainaina chịkọtara ihe karịrị 13,000 ntụziaka si gburugburu Africa ma bụrụ ọkachamara na nri ọdịnala na nke oge a nke Africa.<ref>Wainaina, Binyavanga (8 July 2021), [https://web.archive.org/web/20110215054759/http://generator21.net/g21archive/africa5.html "Black Mischief"], ''G21: The World's Magazine''.</ref> N'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2007, World Economic Forum họpụtara Wainaina dị ka "Onye ndu ụwa na-eto eto" bụ ihe nrite e nyere ndị mmadụ maka "ikike ha nwere inye aka n'ịkpụzi ọdịnihu nke ụwa". O mechara jụ onyinye ahụ. N'akwụkwọ ozi o degaara Klaus Schwab na Queen Rania nke Jọdan, o dere, sị:   == Ndụ onwe == N'ụbọchị 1 nke ọnwa Disemba 2016, World Aids Day, Wainaina mara ọkwa na profaịlụ Twitter ya na o nwere nje HIV, "ma nwee obi ụtọ".<ref name="guardianobit" /> N'afọ 2018 ọ mara ọkwa na ọ ga-alụ onye ya na ya na-arụkọ ọrụ ogologo oge n'afọ na-esote.<ref name="guardianobit" /><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190629095709/https://www.voice-online.co.uk/article/tributes-paid-binyavanga-wainaina-who-has-died-aged-48 "Tributes Paid To Binyavanga Wainaina Who Has Died Aged 48"], ''[[The Voice (British newspaper)|The Voice]]'', 22 May 2019.</ref> == Ọnwụ == Wainaina nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 48 mgbe ọ dara ọrịa strok n'uhuruchi nke ụbọchị 21 Mee 2019, na Aga Khan Hospital na Nairobi, dị ka akụkọ na ezinụlọ si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://johannesburgreviewofbooks.com/2019/05/22/binyavanga-wainaina-1971-2019-rip/|title=Binyavanga Wainaina, 1971–2019, RIP|work=The Johannesburg Review of Books|first=Jennifer|author=Malec|language=en-US|date=22 May 2019|accessdate=22 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2019/05/22/world/africa/ap-af-obit-binyavanga-wainaina.html|title=Kenyan Author, LGBT Activist Binyavanga Wainaina Dies at 48|author=Associated Press|date=22 May 2019|work=The New York Times|accessdate=22 May 2019|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ nwetala ọrịa strok ọtụtụ ugboro kemgbe afọ 2016.<ref name="PostObit"/><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/may/22/binyavanga-wainaina-kenyan-author-and-gay-rights-activist-dies-aged-48|title=Binyavanga Wainaina, Kenyan author and gay rights activist, dies aged 48|work=The Guardian|first=Alison|author=Flood|date=22 May 2019}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * "Discovering Home" (akụkọ dị mkpirikpi), ''g21net'', 2001. E bipụtaghachiri ya na Discovering Home: Nhọrọ nke ihe odide sitere na 2002 Caine Prize for African Writing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Discovering+Home.-a0108599981|title=Discovering Home|publisher=The Free Library by Farlex|year=2003|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> * "An Affair to Dismember" (akụkọ dị mkpirikpi), ''Wasafiri'', Mpịakọta 17, Mbipụta 37, 2002. * "Beyond the River Yei: Life in the Land Where Sleeping is a Disease" (ihe odide foto; ya na Sven Torfinn), Kwani Trust, 2004.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Beyond the River Yei: Life in the Land Where Sleeping is a Disease|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|year=2004|oclc=56639778|isbn=9789966983633|pages=97}}</ref> * "Olee otu esi ede banyere Africa" (isiokwu, satire), ''Granta'' 92, 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.granta.com/Magazine/92/How-to-Write-About-Africa|title=How to Write About Africa|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|work=Granta.com|date=Winter 2005|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080421143147/http://www.granta.com/Magazine/92/How-to-Write-About-Africa|archivedate=2008-04-21}}</ref> Dị ka ''Otu esi ede banyere Africa'', Kwani Trust, 2008, .<ref>{{Cite book|title=How to Write About Africa|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|publisher=Kwanini?|date=15 October 2008|isbn=978-9966700827|pages=52}}</ref> E mepụtara ya n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mbipụta ncheta ọmụmụ nke afọ 40 nke ''Granta'', 2 Mee 2019.<ref>{{Cite journal|journal=Granta|url=https://granta.com/how-to-write-about-africa/|title=How to write about Africa|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|issue=149: 40th Birthday Special|date=2 May 2019}}</ref> * "Na Gikuyu, maka Gikuyu. nke Gikuyu" (isiokwu, satire), ''Granta'' 103, 2008.<ref name="InGikuyu">{{Cite web|url=http://www.granta.com/Magazine/Granta-103/Letter-From/1|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|title=In Gikuyu, for Gikuyu, of Gikuyu|work=Granta.com|date=Autumn 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090501134318/http://www.granta.com/Magazine/Granta-103/Letter-From/1|archivedate=1 May 2009}}</ref> * "Olee otu esi ede banyere Africa II: The Revenge", ''Bidoun'', No. 21, Bazaar II, 2010.<ref name="Bidoun"/> * One Day I Will Write About This Place: A Memoir (autobiography); Graywolf Press, 2011, .<ref>{{Cite book|title=One Day I Will Write About This Place: A Memoir|date=19 July 2011|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|isbn=978-1555975913|url=https://archive.org/details/onedayiwillwrite00biny}}</ref> * "Viewpoint: Binyavanga on ihe mere onyinyo mba ụwa nke Africa ji bụrụ ihe na-ezighị ezi", BBC News Africa, 24 Eprel 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17814861|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|title=Viewpoint: Binyavanga on why Africa's international image is unfair|date=24 April 2012|work=bbc.co.uk|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> * "Abụ m nwoke na-edina nwoke ibe ya, nne m" (nkwupụta). ''Africa bụ mba'', 19 Jenụwarị 2014.<ref name="Lost chapter"/> E bipụtaghachiri ya na ''The Guardian'', 21 Jenụwarị 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jan/21/i-am-a-homosexual-mum-binyavanga-wainaina-memoir|title=I am a homosexual, mum|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|date=January 21, 2014|accessdate=May 27, 2019}}</ref> * "A Letter to All Kenyans from Binyavanga Wainaina or Binyavanga wa Muigai" (essay), Brittle Paper, 25 October 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2017/10/kenyas-presidential-election-binyavanga-wainaina-essay/|title=A Letter to All Kenyans from Binyavanga Wainaina or Binyavanga wa Muigai|first=Binyavanga|author=Wainaina|date=25 October 2017|work=Brittle Paper: An African Literary Experience|accessdate=24 May 2019}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ikike LGBT na Kenya == Ihe edeturu == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Binyavanga Wainaina Archive at the Wayback Machine (archived May 25, 2019) (unofficial archive of Binyavanga Wainaina's writing) * [http://www.kwani.org/ Kwani?] * "Ịchọpụta Ebe Obibi" [https://web.archive.org/web/20070210072714/http://www.g21.net/africa29.html Akụkụ nke Mbụ] [https://web.archive.org/web/20070108175808/http://www.g21.net/africa30.html Akụkụ nke Abụọ] * "[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/world/02/voices_from_kenya/html/wainaina.stm Olu nke ndị na-eme ntụli aka na Kenya]", Ajụjụ ọnụ, BBC News. * "Kenyan meriri ihe nrite edemede Africa", BBC News, 16 Julaị 2002. * Stephanie Bosch Santana, "Exorcizing Afropolitanism: Binyavanga Wainaina na-akọwa ihe mere 'Abụ m Pan-Africanist, ọ bụghị Afropolitan' na ASAUK 2012", Africa in Words, 8 February 2013. * Qazi Mustabeen Noor, "Binyavanga Wainaina, ike nke akwụkwọ edemede Africa, nwụrụ na 48", Dhaka Tribune, 12 June 2019. [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6pfizg5t5zmgxyndab5erpqn8wu7p2x 0 17908 656742 627904 2026-06-23T10:41:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Rodney "Don Vito" Richard (amụrụ na Julaị 9, 1978) bụ ónyé America na-emepụta ihe ndekọ. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nke ya na Kandi Burruss rụkọtara ọrụ na ọrụ ndị egosiri na The Real Housewives of Atlanta, gụnyere Kim Zolciak's breakout single "Tardy for the Party", dị ka ónyé ọka ikpe na The Kandi Factory na-egosi na Bravo, yana dị ka ónyé isi na-emepụta màkà usoro webisode kwa izu nke Kandi Burrusse ''Kandi Koated Nights''. == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Don Vito na July 9, 1978, na Gary, Indiana na Louis na Juanita Richard. Mgbè ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, ọ mụtara nkà nke DJing ma na-eme na ịgba egwú ụlọ akwụkwọ na oriri na ọṅụṅụ ụlọ. Mgbè a tọhapụrụ ya na Marine Corps, Vito kwagara Atlanta, Georgia. == Ọrụ egwu == A kọwaara Vito Ónyé na-emepụta ihe ndekọ, DJ Cooley C, ónyé nyèrè ya ohere iso ónyé na-ese egwu hip hop, Ghetto Mafia na Kilo rụọ ọrụ. Mgbè e mesịrị, ọ zutere Ian Burke ónyé méré ka ọ mata ónyé na-eti egwu Solé, nke bịanyere aka na RedZone Entertainment. Tricky Stewart bịanyere ya aka na Redzone, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-ese ihe dịka Solé, Mýa, na Blu Cantrell. N'ihe na-erughị afọ anọ ka e mesịrị, Don Vito sonyeere otu R&B, Cherish. == Nkọwapụta == === Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ === {| class="wikitable" !Artist !Album !Year !Credits |- |Karmin |''Hello'' |2012 |Producer |- |Nelly |''5.0'' |2010 |Producer, Programming |- |Nelly |''5.0 Deluxe Edition'' |2010 |Producer, Programming |- |Nelly |''5.0 Deluxe Edition (Clean)'' |2010 |Producer, Programming |- |Ciara |''Fantasy Ride'' |2009 |Producer |- |Ciara |''Fantasy Ride Deluxe Edition'' |2009 |Producer, Audio Production |- |Gorilla Zoe |''Don't Feed Da Animals'' |2009 |Producer |- |Pleasure P |''The Introduction of Marcus Cooper'' |2009 |Producer, Audio Production |- |Pleasure P |''The Introduction of Marcus Cooper (Clean)'' |2009 |Producer, Audio Production |- |Pleasure P |''The Introduction of Marcus Cooper (Japan Bonus Track)'' |2009 |Producer, Audio Production |- |Hurricane Chris |''Unleashed'' |2009 |Producer |- |Hurricane Chris |''Unleashed (Clean)'' |2009 |Producer |- |[[Rasheeda]] |''Certified Hot Chick'' |2009 |Producer |- |Karina |''First Love'' |2008 |Producer, Audio Producer |- |Cherish |''The Truth'' |2008 |2008 |- |Cherish |''The Truth (Japan Bonus Tracks)'' |2008 |2008 |- |Various Artist |''Total Club Hits, Vol.2'' |2008 |Producer |- |Bow Wow & Omarion |''Face Off'' |2007 |Producer, Audio Production |- |Bow Wow & Omarion |''Face Off'' (CD/DVD) |2007 |Producer, Audio Production |- |Bow Wow & Omarion |''Face Off (Japan Bonus Tracks)'' |2007 |Producer |- |[[Rasheeda]] |''Dat Type of Gurl'' |2007 |Producer |- |Yung Joc |''Hustlenomics'' |2007 |Audio Production |- |Yung Joc |''Hustlenomics (Clean)'' |2007 |Producer, Audio Production |- |Yung Joc |''Hustlenomics (Bonus MVI Clean)'' |2007 |Producer |- |Various Artist |''Def Jam Sessions, Vol. 1'' |2007 |Composer, Producer |- |Don Vito |''Don Vito Presents: Crunk and Famous'' |2006 |Executive Producer |- |Cherish |''Unappreciated'' |2006 |Producer, Mixing, Audio Production |- |Young Quon |''Doin It...Movin''' |2006 |Producer |- |Various Artist |''Young, Fly &amp;amp; Flashy, Vol. 1'' |2005 |Producer, Engineer |- |Various Artist |''Young, Fly &amp;amp; Flashy, Vol. 1 (Clean)'' |2005 |Producer, Engineer |- |Nasty Nardo |''Can't Stop Ballin'' |2004 |Composer |- |Mýa |''Moodring'' |2003 |Producer |- |Mýa |''Moodring (UK Bonus Tracks)'' |2003 |Producer |- |Blu Cantrell |''Bittersweet (Clean Bonus DVD)'' |2003 |Producer, Drum Programming |- |Gangsta Boo |''Enquiring Minds, Vol. 2: The Soap Opera'' |2003 |Producer |- |Gangsta Boo |''Enquiring Minds, Vol. 2: The Soap Opera (Clean)'' |2003 |Producer |- |Psy2ko & Mic L Moodswing |''Blood is Thicker Than Water'' |2002 |Producer |- |Original Soundtrack |''Bad Company (Original Soundtrack)'' |2002 |Producer |- |Blu Cantrell |''So Blu'' |2001 |Keyboards, Programming |- |Original Soundtrack |''Da New Dirty'' |2002 |Producer |} {| class="wikitable" !Onye na-ese ihe !Single !Afọ !Ihe ndị e dere n'akwụkwọ |- |Matthew Soloman |Were Nke ahụ |2012 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Kim Zolciak |Ekwela ka ị sie ike maka agbamakwụkwọ (Isi abụ) |2012 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Beanie Sigel |Dolla Ihe ịrịba ama f/ 8ball & MJG |2012 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Lloyd |Onye ahụ |2011 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Otu Ohere |Achọrọ Ya |2011 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Onyinye Ụgbọ okporo ígwè nke Mkpụrụ Obi |Egwú Isiokwu nke Red Carpet |2010 |Egwú Mbụ |- |Twista |Nwa agbọghọ ọjọọ f/ Lloyd |2010 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Berg na-eto eto |Gettin' gaa na Ego f/ Lil Wayne |2009 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Kim Zolciak |Ọ na-eguzogide Òtù ahụ |2009 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Lil Scrappy |Rịba Dị ka Nwoke f/ Lil Wayne |2008 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Cherish |Ogbugbu |2008 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Yung Joc |Ụlọ Ahịa Kọfị |2007 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Bobby nke Ise |Anonymous f/ Timbaland |2007 |Onye na-emepụta |- |Cherish |Mee Ya |2006 |Onye na-emepụta, Mixing |- |Twista |Ọ bụghị Nwoke |2004 |Onye na-emepụta |} == Onyinye na nhọpụta == * 2010, BMI, Nomination Special Background Performance Cue * 2007, Onyinye Onye na-ede abụ, Cherish, Mee ya na ya<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/535431|title=2007 BMI Urban Awards: BMI Award Winning Songs &#124; News|publisher=BMI.com|date=September 8, 2007|accessdate=November 22, 2015}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == # [https://web.archive.org/web/20121012121809/http://freddyo.com/tag/don-vito/ Meet Superstar Producer Don Vito, Freddyo.com] # [http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2009/09/breaking-news-exclusive-real-housewife-atlanta-kim-zolciak-being-sued-music Ezigbo nwanyị ụlọ nke Atlanta Kim Zolciak A na-ebo ya ebubo site n'aka onye na-emepụta egwu, Radaronline.com] # [http://straightfromthea.com/2012/01/13/kandi-burruss-hosts-kandi-koated-nights-wguests-phedra-parks-mona-scott-young-love-hip-hop-rasheeda-photos-video/ Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri nke Kandi Koated Nights, Straigftfromthea.com] # [http://www.xxlmag.com/bloggers/2007/06/preview-yung-jocs-new-album-hustlenomics/ Yung Joc Album Review, XXL, xxlmag.com] # [https://web.archive.org/web/20210806041515/http://hiphopmvp.com/rb-soul/the-one-don-vito-lloyd-new-music-listen-here Otu, Hip Hop MVP.com] # [http://soultrain.com/2011/12/29/sound-check-noralynn-rowe/ Soundcheck, Soultrain.com] # [https://web.archive.org/web/20130221044054/http://learnthemusicindustry.com/executive-ar-department-feedback A&R, Learnthemusicindustry.com] # [https://archive.ph/20130105184211/http://dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/HipHopFans_1/message/333?var=1 Don Vito Onye ọka ikpe ama ama, BET's 106 & Park] # [https://web.archive.org/web/20120608012833/http://priscillafromwasilla.com/2012/03/06/the-kandi-factory-is-worth-visiting/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Kandi kwesịrị ileta, Ụlọ Ọrụ Kandi] {{DEFAULTSORT:Vito, Don}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] ftka9kj6zkh8ofesxp36yhh7453ewyd 0 18555 656729 628843 2026-06-23T07:01:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656729 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''David Bateson''' (amụrụ ya na 9 Febụwarị 1960) bụ onye Britain na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emekwa ihe ọchị. A maara ya nke ọma maka inye olu nke Agent 47, onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke usoro egwuregwu vidio nke IO Interactive bụ Hitman, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ ahụ kemgbe afọ 2000 na nke ọ bụla n'ime egwuregwu asatọ nke franchise. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka olu maka mgbasa ozi na-akpọsa ụdị Lego dị iche iche.<ref name="playerone">{{Cite web|date=2017-02-23|title='Hitman' Voice Actor David Bateson Reveals His Real-Life Hitman Past|url=https://www.player.one/hitman-voice-actor-david-bateson-reveals-his-real-life-hitman-past-585711|accessdate=2021-07-07|work=Player.One|language=en|archivedate=2021-07-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190524/https://www.player.one/hitman-voice-actor-david-bateson-reveals-his-real-life-hitman-past-585711}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ ya == A mụrụ Bateson na 9 Febụwarị 1960, na Durban, South Africa, nne na nna Bekee.<ref name="Interview">{{Cite web|url=http://thegamingliberty.com/index.php/2010/10/21/agent-47-speaks-an-interview-with-david-bateson/|title=Agent 47 Speaks! An Interview With David Bateson|publisher=Thegamingliberty.com|date=21 October 2010|accessdate=30 August 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822221925/http://thegamingliberty.com/index.php/2010/10/21/agent-47-speaks-an-interview-with-david-bateson/|archivedate=22 August 2011}}</ref> Ọ banyere n'ọrụ ime ihe nkiri tupu ọ laghachi UK n'afọ 1984. O mechara kwaga Canada ma bi ugbu a na Copenhagen, Denmark. Ọ bụkwa onye otu zuru oke nke British Equity na ndị otu Danis na-eme ihe nkiri.<ref name="Bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.davidbateson.dk/cv/|title=Complete CV for David Bateson|publisher=Official website of David Bateson|accessdate=30 August 2012}}</ref> O nwetara ọrụ mbụ ya na nkiri ''Prince'' of Jutland nke afọ 1994 dị ka Hother . Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-eto eto na ihe nkiri 1996 Breaking the Waves, yana ọrụ dị mkpa na ihe nkiri mkpirikpi nke 2002 Debutanten . Na usoro egwuregwu Hitman, Bateson nyere olu nke Agent 47 na ntinye ọ bụla na usoro ahụ ruo egwuregwu nke ise, Hitman: Absolution, mgbe ọ gwara onye otu ndị na-akwado ''Hitman'' na "Ọ dịghị ''onye'' si IO Interactive na-aza oku m, ozi ịntanetị ma ọ bụ SMS". Bateson ga-emecha kwado na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nke onwe ya na "a chụpụrụ ya n'enweghị ememe", ma gbakwunye na ọ nweghị ike ikwu okwu ọzọ n'ihi "ihe gbasara iwu".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.davidbateson.dk/|title=Home|publisher=Davidbateson.dk|accessdate=2014-08-13}}</ref> Bateson mechara laghachi dị ka olu nke Agent 47 na ''Hitman'': Absolution .<ref>{{Cite web|work=Cinema Blend|title=David Bateson Returns To Voice Agent 47 in Hitman: Absolution|first=William|author=Usher|date=2012|url=http://www.cinemablend.com/games/David-Bateson-Returns-Voice-Agent-47-Hitman-Absolution-46217.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|work=[[Complex (magazine)|Complex]]|url=http://ca.complex.com/pop-culture/2012/10/hitman-absolution-us-tour-creepy-guy-from-lost-playing-as-agent-47-william-mapother|title="Hitman: Absolution" Goes on US Tour, Creepy Guy From "Lost" is Playing as Agent 47|first=Michael|author=Rougeau|date=25 October 2012|accessdate=18 July 2022|archivedate=13 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150213015555/http://ca.complex.com/pop-culture/2012/10/hitman-absolution-us-tour-creepy-guy-from-lost-playing-as-agent-47-william-mapother}}</ref> Na 16 June 2015, naanị otu ụbọchị mgbe ọkwa Hitman (2016), Bateson kwupụtara na ọ ga-ekwupụta Agent 47 ọzọ na aha ọhụrụ site na Twitter. Bateson kwupụtakwara Virgil na egwuregwu indie nke 2020 Lightmatter, ọrụ olu mbụ ya na-abụghị nke egwuregwu vidio Hitman. == Ihe nkiri == * ''Den Enes Død'' (1994) * Carl Th. Dreyer: My Métier (1995) (ihe ndekọ) * ''Kun'' na Pige (1995) * ''Krystalbarnet'' (1996) * ''Osimiri Spoon'' (1996) * ''Ị Ọzọ'' (1997) * Ndị Mmụọ Ozi Midnight (1998) * Debutanten (2002) (obere) - Bill * ''Langt fra Las Vegas'' (2001 na 2003) * ''Ezinụlọ Eze'' (TV, 2003) Akụkọ (English version) * The Core (2005) (ihe ndekọ) ̆ Niels Bohr * ''Onye dike nke Chineke'' (2006) * ''Anna Pihl'' (TV, 1 episode, 2008) Maazị Reed * ''Klovn'' (TV, 1 ihe omume, 2008) * ''Disco Ormene'' (2008) Olu * Maj & Charlie (TV, 1 episode, 2008) Ahụike Onye isi * ''Aurum'' (2008) Akụkọ banyere Mark Boland * Livvagterne (TV, 5 episodes, 2010) * The Dark Side of Chocolate (2010) (ihe ngosi) - Onye na-akọ akụkọ * ''Borgen'' (TV, 2 episodes, 2010 - 2011) Olu ndị ọzọ * The Micro Debt (2011) (ihe ndekọ) - Onye na-akọ akụkọ * ''Ndụ na Ọnwụ'' nke Thomas Simeon (2011) * A Tribute to J. J. Abrams (2013) (n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi) Olu nke Bouncer * Taming the Quantum World (2013) (ihe ndekọ) - Onye na-akọ akụkọ * ''Aftenshowet'' (TV, 2 episodes, 2013 - 2014) * Ọpụpụ: Ụmụ mmadụ nwere ọnụahịa (2014) Ọnụahịa * ''Monte Carlo Elsker USA'' (2014) Ọkà okwu * ''Mmalite'' (2014) * Huldra: Nwanyị nke Ọhịa (2016) Ō Mike * Digital Romance (2016) (n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi) * Bitter Grapes (2016) (ihe ngosi) - Onye na-akọ akụkọ * ''Ø'' (TV, 5 episodes, 2016) - Tommy * Real Life Hitman (2016) (obere) - Agent 47 (olu) * The Messenger (n'ụzọ dị mkpirikpi, 2018) * ''N'okpuru'' Surface (TV, 1 ihe omume, 2019) - onye na-agụ akụkọ na Britain (olu) * Breeder (2020) - Ọkà okwu * ''Kamikaze'' (TV, 1 ihe omume, 2021) - Bengt * The Exigency II: Course of Action (TBA) - H zoro ezo (olu) === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |1994 |''Prince nke Jutland'' |Onye ọzọ | |- |1996 |''Ịkwụsị Ebili Mmiri'' |Nwa okorobịa Na-akwọ Ụgbọ Mmiri | |- |2000 |''Enyemaka! Abụ m Azụ'' |Ọchịagha Shark, General Crab<ref name="btva">{{Cite web|url=https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/David-Bateson/|title=Behind the Voice Actors – David Bateson|work=Behind The Voice Actors|accessdate=12 September 2019}}</ref> |Olu |- |2002 |''Otu Hel nke Krismas'' |Tommy | |- |2003 |''Izu ohi Rembrandt'' |Stor Mand | |- |2008 |''Sunshine Barry na Disco Worms'' |Jimmy, Onye Nlekọta, Onye Ọkà okwu Okike<ref name="playerone" /> |Olu |- |2009 |''Onye Na-achụ Isi'' |Dr. Leipmann | |- |2011 |''Freddy Frogface'' |Bardini, Blacksmith, Carlo Androkles, Ole Antonioni<ref name="btva" /> |Olu |- |2012 |''Ivan Onye A Na-apụghị Ịkwụsị Ịkwụwa'' |Onye na-egbu anụ, Onye Nkụzi, Onye na-akụ azụ̀<ref name="btva" /> |Olu |- |} === Egwuregwu vidyo === {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Aha ya !Ọrụ !Ihe edeturu |- |2000 |''Hitman: Aha nzuzo 47'' |Onye Ọrụ 47<ref name="btva" /> | |- |2002 |''Hitman 2: Onye Ogbu Ọchụ Na-adịghị ekwu okwu'' |Onye Ọrụ 47, Onye Ọrụ 17 | |- |2004 |''Hitman: Nkwekọrịta'' | rowspan="5" |Onye Ọrụ 47<ref name="btva" /> | |- |2006 |''Hitman: Ego Ọbara'' | |- |2012 |''Hitman: Mgbaghara'' | |- |2016 |''Onye Ọkụ ahụ'' | |- |2018 |''Hitman 2'' | |- |2020 |''Ihe na-egbuke egbuke'' |Virgil<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://store.steampowered.com/app/994140/Lightmatter/|title=Lightmatter on Steam|work=store.steampowered.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-12-07}}</ref> | |- |2021 |''Hitman 3'' |Onye Ọrụ 47 | |} == Edensibia == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * David Bateson at IGDB.com * {{IMDb name|0061055}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bateson, David}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:1960 births]] jwtbfhouk4louc9wkhjh6z32ck75ayf 0 18812 656680 183131 2026-06-22T16:42:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Usòrò:Roasted_Plantain(Boli)_with_peppered_stew_and_fried_fish.png|thumb|Roasted Plantain(Boli) with peppered stew and fried fish]] '''Bole''' bụ nri plantain e siri esi na [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]]. A mụrụ ya n'etiti [[Ndi Yoruba|ndị Yoruba]] nke Naịjirịa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/plantain/roasted-plantain.html|title=Roasted Plantain (Boli)|work=www.allnigerianrecipes.com|accessdate=2017-10-06|archivedate=2017-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002223927/http://www.allnigerianrecipes.com/plantain/roasted-plantain.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Roasted plantain: Boli|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/337159446_The_contributions_of_charcoal_to_roasted_plantain_Bole_and_yam_business_in_Port_Harcourt_Nigeria|journal=ResearchGate}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-21|title=Boli La’n Ta was inspired by my love for roasted plantain- Omolola Kayode|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/boli-lan-ta-was-inspired-by-my-love-for-roasted-plantain-omolola-kayode/|accessdate=2022-07-02|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702204600/https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/boli-lan-ta-was-inspired-by-my-love-for-roasted-plantain-omolola-kayode/}}</ref> A na-akpọ ya 'boli' na South West Nigeria a maara ndị a dị ka ndị Yoruba ma na-eri ya na mkpụrụ osisi.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-18|title=Watch How To Prepare Homemade Boli (Roasted Plantain)|url=https://guardian.ng/life/watch-how-to-prepare-homemade-boli-roasted-plantain/|accessdate=2022-07-02|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|title=Evaluation of a roasted plantain|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/276454306_Design_Fabrication_and_Evaluation_of_a_Plantain_Roaster|journal=ResearchGate}}</ref> Ndị Yoruba anọwo na-anụ ụtọ nri a kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, enwere ike iri ya dị ka nri ma ọ bụ nri isi nke enwere ike ijikọta ya na ofe ose jupụtara na anụ, azụ̀ esiri esi ma ọ bụ ọkụkọ esiri esi karịsịa n'oge ememme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-05-19|title=Lerato’s roasted plantain, skinny efo, moringa and smoked chicken|url=https://guardian.ng/features/food-and-drinks/african-spring-clean-leratos-roasted-plantain-skinny-efo-moringa-smoked-chicken/|accessdate=2022-07-02|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702210721/https://guardian.ng/features/food-and-drinks/african-spring-clean-leratos-roasted-plantain-skinny-efo-moringa-smoked-chicken/}}</ref> A na-akpọpụta okwu 'boli' dị ka 'bole' n'ihi ọdịiche dị na ụda olu na mpaghara ndịda-ndịda na Naịjirịa. Na South South Nigeria, a na-akpọ ya 'bole' asụsụ a gbazitere n'aka ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ na Nigeria ma na-eri ya na azụ n'oge ememme dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kitchenbutterfly.com/2012/04/19/nigerian-street-food-bole-fish/|title=Nigerian Street Food: Boli & Fish {{!}} Kitchen Butterfly|work=Kitchen Butterfly|language=en-GB|accessdate=2017-10-06|archivedate=2020-02-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200223125202/http://www.kitchenbutterfly.com/2012/04/19/nigerian-street-food-bole-fish/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Onyeakagbu|first=Adaobi|date=2021-11-24|title=Recipe of the day: How to prepare bole and sauce in your oven at home|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/recipe-of-the-day-how-to-prepare-bole-and-sauce-in-your-oven-at-home/p71hqqp|accessdate=2022-07-02|work=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Boli-plantain.jpg|thumb|Boli-plantain]] == Ebenside == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Igbo cuisine]] fhpz9cl3s0815inwl08nu50misbundk 0 18897 656679 88959 2026-06-22T16:41:38Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} '''Ndị Bolewa''' bụ agbụrụ dị na mpaghara ugwu nke [[Ȯra Gombe|Gombe Steeti]]. Dị ka omenala Bolewa si kwuo, ndị nna nna ha sitere na Yemen. Ha na ndị mwakpo na ndị malitere alaeze Kanem na Songhai kwagara.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Aliyu|first=Sani|title=Gombe state : a history of the land and the people|publisher=[[Ahmadu Bello University Press]]|year=2000|isbn=9781258241|location=Zaria, Nigeria}}</ref>A chọtara ndị na-asụ Bolewa n'akụkụ osimiri Gongola niile, na-ebi n'obodo dị iche iche n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ nke Borno, dị ka Kalam, Fali, Daniski, Kafarati, Mbara na Steeti Bauchi.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Waziri|first=Ibrahim Maina|date=2013|title=The Bole Fika Political Institution and Its Structure. A Study of the Traditional Titles (Northern Nigeria).|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.13173/zeitdeutmorggese.163.1.0011|journal=Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft|volume=163|issue=1|pages=11–42}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Na narị afọ nke iri na atọ, ndị Bolewa guzobere nke ọma na mpaghara [[Ȯra Gombe|Gombe]] ma ha pụtakwara na ndagwurugwu Gongola dị ka Palmer tụrụ aro ebe ọ kpọrọ ha Ata-Gara. N'oge ọchịchị Kano Abdullahi nke a maara nke ọma dị ka Sarkin Kano, (1499-1509) e guzobere ebe obibi Kalam Bolewa ebe ha bi ebe dị ka Geri-kom, Tappi, Gadam, Dolli, Bojude, Bolari, Biri, Bomala, Gabukka wdg. Otú ọ dị, Kalam Bolewa nke bụ ebe siri ike maka Bolewa ka ndị Steeti [[Nkeji Ochíchííwu Kano|Kano]] wakporo otu narị afọ ka e mesịrị.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Victor|first=N. Low|title=Three Nigerian Emirate: A Study in Oral History|publisher=[[Northwestern University Press London]]|year=1971|isbn=978-0810138520}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta Bolewa == E mepụtara mmekọrịta Bolewa gburugburu ofufe nke bu ya ụzọ, na-ekwere na ofufe ime mmụọ nke ndị nna nna, gụnyere ememe na ịchụ àjà, bụ ntọala nke mmadụ. Akụkụ a ma ama nke ofufe Bolewa bụ ofufe na-eme mmiri ozuzo. A na-ekwu na nke a sitere na mmụọ nna nna n'etiti ndị Bojude, Dirri na Tappi, Bolewa bụ onye kwenyere na 意 Kononá ebe Bolewa nke Gadam, Dolli na Geri Kom, na-ezo aka na ya dị ka 意 Konón-Akúá ma ọ bụ "Konon Akkuá. Conon Akku bụ chi nna nna Jukun a ma ama nke e kwenyere na ọ na-enye nchebe ime mmụọ ma nwee ike ịnapụta ndị Jukuns niile n'oge nsogbu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|author=Kingsley|first=Meek Charles|title=Tribal Studies in Northern Nigeria|publisher=[[Kegan Paul Trench Trubner and Co Ltd]]|year=1931|isbn=9780404121099|location=London}}</ref> == Omenala na ichu àjà == Ndị Bolewa na-eme emume dika ịchụ àjà n'oge emume ọdịnala, dị ka nke a na-akpọ Tang ma ọ bụ nke a na'akpọ Tang. Omenala omenala a n'etiti ndị Bolewa, ọkachasị mgbe ndị mmadụ na-enwe ụkọ mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ ụkọ mmiri ọsịsa, a na-ekwu na ha na-akwụ ndị nna nna ma ọ bụ nnukwu ndị eze Bolewa (Bolewa) ndị e liri n'ebe pụrụ iche maka ichebe onye ọchịchị ọhụrụ. Omenala omenala jupụtara na fetiish, ọ na-agụnye gburugburu ili dabere na emume nke Gamsodō. Emume ọdịnala Bolewa ọzọ e guzobere nke ọma bụ nke a na-akpọ o Dengtiń ma ọ bụ nke a bụ naanị n'etiti ndị Bolewa nke Kafarati ka a na-eme omenala kwa afọ, ebe ụmụ nwoke na-eyi ákwà ụmụ nwanyị, ebe ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi akwa ụmụ nwoke. Emere ya na mpụga obodo Bolewa, ọkachasị, gburugburu osisi Baobab a ma ama, nke e kwenyere na ọ bụ ebe obibi nke ndị Kwami.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=T|first=Sulaiman|date=2011|title=The History of Bolewa before 1804 Jihad in Gombe Area|url=|journal=Gombe State University}}</ref> == Mgbanwe nke okpukpe == Site n'ọbịbịa nke Okpụkpere chi Alakụba, ọtụtụ ndị Bolewa ghọrọ ndị Alakụba ma hapụ usoro nkwenkwe na ọdịbendị ha niile. C.K Meeks (1931) kwusiri ike na Bolewa bụ otu ndị mwakpo dị ka ndị guzobere alaeze Kanem na Songhai, bụ ndị e kwenyere na ha si Yemen bịa Africa.<ref name=":0"/><ref>{{Cite book|author=Bala Usman|first=Yusufu|title=Studies in the history of pre-colonial Borno|publisher=[[Zaria : Northern Nigerian Pub. Co]]|year=1983|isbn=9789781692406}}</ref> == Asụsụ == Ndị Bolewa na-asụ asụsụ Bole.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bole|url=http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/yobe/bole/|accessdate=2022-03-28|work=African Languages at UCLA|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-07-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220702170450/http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/yobe/bole/}}</ref> == Ihe odide == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Òtù:Ȯra Gombe]] 64plqyxglx6rjvvl7ff0t59j5zbbvwc 0 18918 656741 88814 2026-06-23T10:23:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656741 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dombolo''', (nke a makwara dị ka '''umbhako''', ujeqe, dipapata na Setswana na '''rostile''' na Xhosa), bụ achịcha a na-esi ísì ụtọ na South Afrika. Ọ bụ nri a ma ama n'ọtụtụ ụlọ na mba South Afrịka. A na-akwadebe achịcha ahụ n'ime ite dị n'ime mmiri na-esi ísì. Ọ dị iche na dumpling ọdịnala n'ihi na a na-akwadebe ya site na iji ihe iko achịcha kama ime achịcha.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Biller|first=Hilary|title=The great debate: are dombolo and dumplings the same thing?|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/food/2020-06-04-the-great-debate-are-dombolo-and-dumplings-the-same-thing/|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> E nwere ụdị dị iche iche nke nri ahụ gburugburu obodo South Afrika. N'omenala ndị Zulu, a na-esi dombolo n'elu stew kama n'onwe ya n'ime ite dị iche. A maara ụdị achịcha a na-esi ísì ụtọ n'etiti ndị Zulu dị ka uJeqe.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-02|title=Ujeqe|url=https://www.zolanene.com/2020/09/02/ujeqe/|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=Zola Nene|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-07-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711193908/https://www.zolanene.com/2020/09/02/ujeqe/}}</ref> A na-eri Dombolo na ụdị nri dị iche iche dị ka nri ọkụkọ, anụ ehi, anụ ehi ehi, anụ nwa atụrụ, ma ọ bụ eriri afọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=RECIPE {{!}} Make dombolo and more with The Lazy Makoti’s versatile dough|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/lifestyle/food/2020-04-16-recipe--make-dombolo-and-more-with-the-lazy-makotis-versatile-dough/|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=TimesLIVE|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Enwere ike ime Dombolo site na iji ntụ ọka achicha ma tinye ya n'elu stew iji tinye ya na ụtọ stew.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Chiat|first=Jeniffer|title=Foodie’s Guide to Dumplings around the World|url=https://www.afoodieworld.com/jenifferchiat/foodie-s-guide-to-dumplings-around-the-world|accessdate=2021-07-11|work=Foodie Hong Kong|language=en}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nri ndị a na-esi ísì ụtọ * Nri ndị South Africa *  Food portal *  South Africa portal == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} i5yt9kky43gtal9fgwx6zenhsd5pj2x 0 19862 656730 169299 2026-06-23T08:21:07Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656730 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Deeper Christian Life MinistryHQ.png|thumb|Deeper Christian Life Ministry]]   {{Databox}}Deeper Christian Life Ministry nke a makwara dị ka Deeper Life Bible Church bụ òtù ndị Pentikọstal nke nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa, '''Deeper Life Biblia Church''' Lagos, na Gbagada, Lagos.<ref name="source1" /> Ọ bụ General Superintendent nke Deeper Life Bible Church, Pastor William Folorunso Kumuyi na-elekọta ya.<ref name="source1">{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200910260110.html|title=Timely Intervention|author=Okoro|first=Luke|date=24 October 2009|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica Global Media]]|accessdate=27 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200910121139.html|title=Refreshing Times at Deeper Life as Kumuyi Launches Satellite TV, Relaxes Stringent Marriage Conditions|author=Eyoboka|first=Sam|date=10 October 2009|work=[[AllAfrica.com]]|publisher=[[AllAfrica Global Media]]|accessdate=27 February 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=ADHB&p_theme=adhb&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0F8E4DB5C23BC394&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM|title=Deeper Life Bible Church to start offering suburban services Living faith|author=Souter|first=Janet|date=25 January 2003|work=[[Daily Herald (Arlington Heights)|Daily Herald]]|page=2|accessdate=27 February 2011}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == N'afọ 1973, mgbe ọ na-eje ozi dị ka onye nkuzi mgbakọ na mwepụ na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]], W.F. Kumuyi malitere otu ọmụmụ Bible na ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum 15 bịara ya na-arịọ maka ọzụzụ n'Akwụkwọ Nsọ.<ref>Laurent Fourchard, André Mary et René Otayek, "Entreprises religieuses transnationales en Afrique de l'Ouest", Karthala Editions, France, 2005, page 254</ref> Chọọchị ahụ malitere dị ka Deep Christian Life Ministry. W.F. Kumuyi bụ onye bụbu onye Anglịkan nke sonyeere Chọọchị Okwukwe Ndịozi mgbe e mechara ya baptizim.<ref>J. Gordon Melton and Martin Baumann, ''Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices'', ABC-CLIO, USA, 2010, page 876</ref> N'afọ 1975, a chụpụrụ ya na chọọchị maka ikwusa ozi ọma na-enweghị asambodo. Ọ gara n'ihu n'ozi onwe ya, nke na afọ 1982 ghọrọ Deeper Life Bible Church. Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 1980, obere ìgwè ahụ etoola ruo ọtụtụ puku, n'oge ahụ ka e guzobere Deeper Life Bible Church.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Korieh|first=Chima Jacob|title=Religion, history, and politics in Nigeria: essays in honor of Ogbu U. Kalu|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fnpl3xD0ilUC&q=%22deeper+christian+life+ministry%22&pg=PA242|year=2005|publisher=[[University Press of America]]|isbn=0-7618-3139-8}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Idowu|first=Samuel O.|title=Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility|date=21 December 2008|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hGAsvy7P5hYC&q=%22Deeper+Life+Bible+Church%22&pg=PA426|publisher=[[Springer Publishing]]|isbn=9783540688129}}</ref> Ụlọuka ahụ agbasaala n'[[Olile anyanwu Amerika|ebe]] ndịda Sahara Afrika wee gaa [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]], ebe e si mepụta alaka na ọdịda anyanwụ Europe, Russia, [[Ndia|India]], na North America.<ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|date=2017-09-04|title=Special Commemorative series as Deeper Christian Life Ministry clocks 44.|url=https://www.newsfrontonline.com.ng/special-commemorative-series-as-deeper-christian-life-ministry-clocks-44/|accessdate=2022-03-19|work=Newsfront Online|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126230345/https://www.newsfrontonline.com.ng/special-commemorative-series-as-deeper-christian-life-ministry-clocks-44/}}</ref> N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2018, Ngalaba Ndụ Ndị Kraịst Deeper nwere isi ụlọ ụka ọhụrụ ya na Gbagada nke e nyere ya na [[Vice President of Nigeria|osote onye isi ala Naịjirịa]] Yemi Osinbajo n'etiti ndị ọzọ a ma ama<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2018/04/24/deeper-life-unveils-billion-naira-headquarters/|title=Deeper Life unveils billion naira headquarters|date=24 April 2018|first=Kazeem|author=Ugbodaga|publisher=PM News|accessdate=7 December 2018}}</ref><ref>Yemi Adebisi, [https://www.independent.ng/deeper-life-new-auditorium-demonstration-of-unlimited-god/ Deeper Life New Auditorium: Demonstration Of Unlimited God], independent.ng, Nigeria, April 29</ref> N'afọ 2020, Chọọchị Lagos nwere mmadụ 65,000.<ref name="Leadership Network">Warren Bird, [https://web.archive.org/web/20141022053726/http://leadnet.org/world/ World megachurches], leadnet.org, USA, retrieved February 15, 2020</ref> == Nkwenkwe Ndị E kweere == Okpukpe ahụ nwere nkwupụta okwukwe Pentikọstal.<ref>Deeper Life Bible Church, [https://dclm.org/about/what-we-believe/ WHAT WE BELIEVE], dclm.org, Nigeria, retrieved March 7, 2020</ref> Chọọchị ahụ nwere nkwenkwe isi iri abụọ na abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Bp-Relate|date=2016-09-08|title=History Of Deeper Christian Life Ministry|url=https://believersportal.com/history-of-deeper-christian-life-ministry/|accessdate=2022-03-19|work=Believers Portal|language=en-US}}</ref> * [[Akwụkwọ Nsọ]] * Chi nke ahụ * Nwa agbọghọ na-amaghị nwoke ọmụmụ Jizọs * Mmebi zuru oke * Ịchegharị mmehie * Nweghachi * Eziokwu site n'okwukwe * Baptizim Mmiri * Nri Nri Anyasị nke Onyenwe anyị * Ịdị nsọ * Baptizim Mmụọ Nsọ * Mgbapụta * Oziọma Onwe Onye * [[Agbamakwụkwọ|Alụmdi na nwunye]] * Nnapụ ya * Mbilite n'ọnwụ nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ * Nnukwu ahụhụ * Ọbịbịa nke Abụọ nke Kraịst * Ọchịchị puku afọ nke Kraịst * Ikpe Ukwu White Throne * Eluigwe Ọhụrụ na Ụwa Ọhụrụ * Ọkụ ọkụ ala mmụọ == Hụkwa ==   * Ndepụta nke nnukwu ụka ndị bishọp * Ndepụta nke nnukwu ụlọ nzukọ ụka ndị bishọp * Ozi ofufe (evangelicalism) == Akwụkwọ == * {{Cite book|author=Anderson|first=Allan|title=African reformation: African initiated Christianity in the 20th century|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lcnwmxR2AcAC&q=%22deeper+christian+life+ministry%22&pg=PA173|year=2001|publisher=Africa Research & Publications|isbn=0-86543-884-6|pages=172–173}} * {{Cite book|author=Neumann|first=Mikel|title=Home Groups for Urban Cultures: Biblical Small Group Ministry on Five Continents|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kMIpl9fB8P0C&q=%22deeper+christian+life+ministry%22&pg=PA9|year=1999|publisher=[[William Carey Library]]|isbn=0-87808-281-6}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.dclm.org Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Deeper Life Bible Church] c9cd353z040frknjlajlsh6uqlenb10 0 22175 656698 198321 2026-06-22T23:00:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656698 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chaskele o''' bụ ihe egwuregwu bat-and-ball nke a na-eme n'etiti ìgwè abụọ nke ndị egwuregwu abụọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201507/248376.php|title="I Played Chaskele And Climbed Trees" - Michelle Attoh {{!}} General Entertainment {{!}} Peacefmonline.com|author=Online|first=Peace FM|work=www.peacefmonline.com|accessdate=2019-02-25|archivedate=2022-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201163717/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/news/201507/248376.php}}</ref> Ọ bụ egwuregwu Ghana nke ụmụaka na-egwu ma ọ dị ka cricket.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://squidmag.ink/chaskele-ghanaian-animation/|title=An Old Game, a Long Wait and a New Dream: How Chaskele Will Push Ghanaian Animation Forward|date=2019-02-19|work=Squid Mag|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-25}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/rio-2016-10-games-that-wouldve-probably-won-team-ghana-gold-at-the-olympics/hzl6j86|title=10 games that would've probably won Team Ghana gold at the Olympics|date=2016-08-12|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-25|archivedate=2022-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015221012/https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/rio-2016-10-games-that-wouldve-probably-won-team-ghana-gold-at-the-olympics/hzl6j86}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/old-times-nostalgia-these-are-the-10-childhood-games-in-ghana-we-cant-forget/1cdzc5g|title=These are the 10 childhood games in Ghana we can't forget|date=2018-08-24|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-26}}</ref> A na-eji ite ite a kụrisịrị akụrisị eme bọọlụ ahụ ma jiri osisi mee ihe dị ka ụtarị.<ref name=":0" /> == Otu esi agba egwu == A bu na-eji ite, osisi, taya ụgbọ ala ma ọ bụ bọket egwuri egwu Chaskele.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://squidmag.ink/chaskele-ghanaian-animation/|title=An Old Game, a Long Wait and a New Dream: How Chaskele Will Push Ghanaian Animation Forward|date=2019-02-19|work=Squid Mag|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-02-25}}</ref> Ọ dịkarịa ala ndị egwuregwu abụọ nwere ike ịmalite egwuregwu ahụ, otu na-amalite dị ka onye na-agbachitere na nke ọzọ, onye na-emeri. Onye na-agbachitere bụ iji jide n'aka na onye mmegide anaghị atụba bọọlụ n'ime bọket ma ọ bụ taya ụgbọ ala iji merie.<ref name=":1"/> 3zsbbj74sox9x3rmefx1wbrtyqhbiul 0 23201 656670 444314 2026-06-22T14:41:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}Baaitse Elizabeth "Bess" Nkabinde (amụrụ n'afọ 1959 na Silwerkrans) bụ onye bụbu onye ọka ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe iwu nke South Africa.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://whoswho.co.za/bess-nkabinde|title=Bess Nkabinde|work=whoswho.co.za|accessdate=2016-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421025520/http://whoswho.co.za/bess-nkabinde|archivedate=2016-04-21}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Nkabinde (née Motsatsi) na afọ 1959 na Silwerkrans, n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Transvaal n'oge ahụ (ma ugbu a bụ akụkụ nke mpaghara North West).<ref name=":0"/> Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mariasdal High School na Tweespruit na afọ 1979. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta BProc na Mahadum Zululand na afọ 1983, LLB na Mahadụ North-West na afọ 1986, na Diploma na Industrial Relations na Damelin College na afọ 1988.<ref name=":1"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ iwu na gọọmentị Bophutatswana ruo afọ anọ, tupu ọ ghọọ onye ọka iwu na afọ 1988.<ref name=":0"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na North West Bar ruo afọ iri tupu nhọpụta mbụ ya dị ka onye ọka ikpe na afọ 1999.<ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ ikpe == N'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 1999, a họpụtara Nkabinde na ngalaba Bophuthatswana nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke mba South Africa.<ref name=":0"/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Labour Court, Labour Appeal Court, na, na afọ 2005, Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Mkpegharị.<ref name=":0" /> Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke Rules Board.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/transcripts/bessnkabinde.html|title=JSC interview|author=Nkabinde|first=Bess|date=October 2005|work=www.constitutionalcourt.org.za|accessdate=2022-10-19|archivedate=2016-04-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419193405/http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/transcripts/bessnkabinde.html}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, Onye isi ala Thabo Mbeki họpụtara Nkabinde ka ọ nọchie Arthur Chaskalson n'ụlọ ikpe iwu nke South Africa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/justicebessnkabinde/index1.html|title=Justice Bess Nkabinde|accessdate=2008-11-09|publisher=Constitutional Court of South Africa|archivedate=2008-10-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081015172627/http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/judges/justicebessnkabinde/index1.html}}</ref><ref name=":2" /> Nhọpụta ya gosipụtara esemokwu, ebe ọ bụ na, n'agbanyeghị na ọ bụ "ihe na-amaghị ama" na enweghị ahụmịhe na iwu iwu, a họọrọ ya karịa onye ọkachamara iwu Wits Cora Hoexter, onye yiri ka ọ bụ onye siri ike.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.politicsweb.co.za/news-and-analysis/the-great-constitutional-court-mystery|title=The great Constitutional Court mystery|author=Myburgh|first=James|date=29 August 2008|work=www.politicsweb.co.za|accessdate=2016-04-07}}</ref> A mara Nkabinde maka ikpe ya na-e''s''e okwu na S Masiya v, ''Lee v Minister'' of Correctional Services, na ''Botha'' v Rich, nke ọ bụla dọtara nkatọ siri ike.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/2012/30.html|title=Lee v Minister of Correctional Services (CCT 20/12) [2012] ZACC 30; 2013 (2) BCLR 129 (CC); 2013 (2) SA 144 (CC); 2013 (1) SACR 213 (CC) (11 December 2012)|work=www.saflii.org|accessdate=2016-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/2014/11.html|title=Botha and Another v Rich N.O. and Others (CCT 89/13) [2014] ZACC 11; 2014 (4) SA 124 (CC); 2014 (7) BCLR 741 (CC) (17 April 2014)|work=www.saflii.org|accessdate=2016-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Phelps|first=K|date=2007|title=The Constitutional Court gets anal about rape – gender neutrality and the principle of legality in Masiya v DPP|journal=South African Journal of Criminal Justice|volume=20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Woolman|first=Stu|date=2007|title=The Amazing, Vanishing Bill of Rights|journal=South African Law Journal|volume=124}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fagan|first=Anton|date=2013|title=Causation in the Constitutional Court: Lee v Minister of Correctional Services|url=http://www.constitutionalcourtreview.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Causation-in-the-Constitutional-Court.pdf|journal=Constitutional Court Review|volume=5|accessdate=2016-04-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bhana|first=Deeksha|date=2015|title=The impact of the Constitution on the common law of contract : Botha v Rich NO|journal=South African Law Journal|volume=132}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11660/1789/WallisM.pdf?sequence=1|title=COMMERCIAL CERTAINTY AND CONSTITUTIONALISM: ARE THEY COMPATIBLE?|author=Wallis|first=Malcolm|date=17 September 2015|accessdate=19 October 2022|archivedate=20 December 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220114321/http://scholar.ufs.ac.za:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11660/1789/WallisM.pdf?sequence=1}}</ref> === Arụmụka Hlophe === N'afọ 2008, onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu bụ John Hlophe kwuru na ọ gakwuuru Nkabinde na Chris Jafta iji mee ka ha chọọ Onye isi ala Jacob Zuma na ikpe na-echere ikpe. Ụlọikpe Iwu ahụ tinyere mkpesa ọha na eze megide Hlophe nke Jafta na Nkabinde kwadoro.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/judge-jafta-pulls-concourt-application-1.420003|title=Judge Jafta pulls ConCourt application|author=Smook|first=Ella|date=13 October 2008|work=IOL}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, afọ isii ka e mesịrị, mgbe nyocha omume ọjọọ megide Hlophe na-echere, Jafta na Nkabinde wetara ihe ịma aka ụlọ ikpe na ikike ụlọ ikpe, na-ekwu na mkpesa nke ha abụghị nke iwu kwadoro.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/news/crime-courts/judges-file-hlophe-review-application-1.1594836|title=Judges file Hlophe review application|author=SAPA|date=21 October 2013|work=IOL}}</ref> Ndị na-akọwa ihe katọrọ "egwu" Jafta na Nkabinde, nke mere ka ụlọ ikpe iwu ahụ bụrụ ihe ihere.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iol.co.za/the-star/shame-on-those-two-concourt-judges-1.1588046|title=Shame on those two Concourt judges|author=Mackaiser|first=Eusebius|date=7 October 2013|work=IOL}}</ref> Ndị ọka ikpe kwuru, na nzaghachi, na ha na-akwado iwu ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.enca.com/south-africa/nkabinde-and-jafta-we-are-fighting-constitution|title=Nkabinde and Jafta: We are fighting for the Constitution|author=Hawker|first=Dianne|date=21 October 2013|work=eNCA|accessdate=19 October 2022|archivedate=19 October 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019164735/https://www.enca.com/south-africa/nkabinde-and-jafta-we-are-fighting-constitution}}</ref> Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu jụrụ arịrịọ ndị ọkàikpe na 26 Septemba, na afọ 2014, mana ha rịọrọ arịrịọ.<ref>''Nkabinde and Another v Judicial Service Commission and Others'' [http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZAGPJHC/2014/217.html &#x5B;2014&#x5D; ZAGPJHC 217]; 2015 (1) SA 279 (GJ).</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Hlophe-misconduct-Jafta-Nkabinde-stall-matter-20150429|title=Hlophe 'misconduct': Jafta, Nkabinde stall matter|author=Tolsi|first=Niren|date=6 October 2014|work=News24|publisher=City Press}}</ref> Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke Mkpegharị Ikpe jụrụ mkpesa ahụ na Machị na afọ 2016, na-akatọ akwụkwọ ikpe na-emebi ihe nke Jafta na Nkabinde ma na-egosi na ikpe ahụ welitere ajụjụ banyere "iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe" ha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org.za/za/cases/ZASCA/2016/12.html|title=Nkabinde and Another v Judicial Service Commission and Others (20857/2014) [2016] ZASCA 12|date=10 March 2016|work=SAFLII|accessdate=19 October 2022|archivedate=14 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211014052809/http://www.saflii.org.za/za/cases/ZASCA/2016/12.html}}</ref> N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 2016, Jafta na Nkabinde tinyere akwụkwọ mkpegharị ikpe n'ụlọ ikpe iwu nke ha na-arịọ ka ọ gbanwee mkpebi ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iono.fm/e/274194|title=HLOPHE CONCOURT|author=Affairs|first=SABC News and Current|work=iono.fm|accessdate=2016-04-07}}</ref> Ha mere nke a n'ụzọ ụfọdụ n'ihi na SCA mere "ihe mgbu" banyere ha. Ihe a niile bụ n'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ, dịka otu onye na-akọwa ihe kwuru, na Ụlọikpe Iwu ahụ ekwuola na afọ 2012 na ọ pụghị ịnụ mkpesa na okwu Hlophe nakwa na ikpe SCA ọ bụla bụ nke ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.saflii.org/za/cases/ZACC/2012/4.html|title=Hlophe v Premier of the Western Cape Province|date=30 March 2012|work=SAFLII}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/04/10/two-constitutional-court-justices-take-case-on-appeal-to-own-court|title=Two Constitutional Court justices take case on appeal to own court|work=Business Day Live|accessdate=2016-04-10|archivedate=2016-04-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414021547/http://www.bdlive.co.za/national/2016/04/10/two-constitutional-court-justices-take-case-on-appeal-to-own-court}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Nkabinde lụrụ di ma nwee ụmụ anọ.<ref name=":0"/> == Ebenside == <references /> {{DEFAULTSORT:Nkanbinde, Bess}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ọmụmụ afọ 1959]] qgk42g2cvm7bkv1kkt4o35ja2vtd66n 0 24356 656686 630944 2026-06-22T18:25:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656686 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bruce Gilley''' (July 21, 1966) bụ Prọfesọ Sayensị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Mahadum Portland State. Gilley nwetara otuto mba ofesi mana ọ bụkwa oke nkatọ maka ndị ọgbọ ya na- arụrịta ụka - enyochala akụkọ "The Case for Colonialism", nke e bipụtara na mbipụta ịntanetị nke akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị 'The Third World Quarterly' na 2017. Mmadụ iri na ise so na bọọdụ magazin ahụ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ihi akụkọ Gilley. == Ọrụ == Gilley nwetara Bachelor of Arts na akụnụba na mmekọrịta mba ụwa na Mahadum Toronto na 1988. Site na 1989 ruo 1991 ọ bụ Ọkammụta Commonwealth na Mahadum Oxford, ebe e nyere ya nzere Master of [[Ákọ na Uche|philosophy]] in Economics na 1991. Site na 1992 ruo 2002, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na [[Hong Kong]] wee dee akwụkwọ akụkọ 'Eastern Express' wee dee akwụkwọ akụkọ 'Far Eastern Economic Review'. ebe O kpughere nnyefe teknụzụ na-akwadoghị nke onye prọfesọ Stanford nyere ndị agha China. Gilley bụ onye ọkà mmụta Woodrow Wilson na Mahadum Princeton site na 2004 ruo 2006, nke ọ nwetara PhD na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.web.pdx.edu/~gilleyb/AndAboutMe.html |title=PDX.edu |accessdate=2023-01-05 |archivedate=2017-09-14 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914082011/http://www.web.pdx.edu/~gilleyb/AndAboutMe.html }}</ref> === Okwu maka Colonialism === E bipụtara akụkọ Gilley "Akụkọ maka colonialism" na 2017 na ntanetị n'ihu nke ụwa nke atọ nke atọ, megidere nkwenye nke ndị nyocha. Dị ka Gilley si kwuo, colonialism bụ ma uru nke ọma (uru ya karịrị ọghọm ya) na n'ụzọ ziri ezi (nke nnukwu akụkụ nke ndị obodo nabatara ya). N'ihi ya, onye edemede ahụ na-akpọ maka mweghachi nke colonialism. <ref>{{Cite journal|year=2017|title=The case for colonialism|journal=Third World Quarterly|pages=1–17|doi=10.1080/01436597.2017.1369037}}</ref> Edemede ahụ bụ arụmụka ma maka arụmụka ya na maka mgbagha ya na-esote, wee rụpụta arụmụka gbasara ụkpụrụ agụmakwụkwọ na "nyocha ndị ọgbọ ". <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230510220351/https://www.nas.org/academic-questions/31/2/the_case_for_colonialism "The Case for Colonialism"], Bruce Gilley, ''Academic Questions'', June 2018, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp. 167–185.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|accessdate=6 August 2022|title=Author Asks Journal to Pull Pro-Colonial Essay|url=https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2017/09/22/author-asks-journal-pull-pro-colonial-essay|date=22 September 2017|work=Inside Higher Ed}}</ref> Ndị otu iri na ise so na bọọdụ Academic Journal hapụrụ arụkwaghịm maka okwu a. E mechara wepụrụ akụkọ ahụ site na nkwenye Gilley wee bipụtaghachi ya n'April 2018 n'ime akwụkwọ akụkọ na-agbanwe agbanwe Academic Questions of the National Association of Scholars. Mgbe a jụrụ ya ma ọ bụrụ na ọ ga-abụ ụkpụrụ ọma ibipụta otu isiokwu na-akwado mgbukpọ, Gilley kwuru, sị: " ''Echere m na onye ọ bụla ga-ekwenye, 'mgbukpọ' bụ njehie omume "'', ma na o kweghị na colonialism bụ njehie omume. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 2022, Gilley zara ọtụtụ n'ime ndị nkatọ ya na edemede nke abụọ akpọrọ "Ihe gbasara Colonialism: Azaghachi nye Ndị nkatọ M." <ref>Gilley, Bruce, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405022200/https://www.nas.org/academic-questions/35/1/the-case-for-colonialism-a-response-to-my-critics ''The Case for Colonialism: A Response to My Critics''], Academic Questions, 2022</ref> == mbipụta nhọrọ == * ''Tiger on the Brink: Jiang Zemin and China's New Elite''. University of California Press, 1998. * ''Model Rebels: The Rise and Fall of China's Richest Village''. University of California Press, 2001. * ''China's New Rulers: The Secret Files''. New York Review of Books, New York, 2003. (With Andrew Nathan) * ''China's Democratic Future: How It Will Happen and Where It Will Lead''. Columbia University Press, 2004. * ''The Right to Rule: How States Win and Lose Legitimacy''. Columbia University Press, 2009. * ''The Nature of Asian Politics''. Cambridge University Press, 2014. * ''The Last Imperialist: Sir Alan Burns's Epic Defense of the British Empire''. Regnery Gateway, 2021. * ''In Defense of German Colonialism: And How Its Critics Empowered Nazis, Communists, and the Enemies of the West''. Regnery Gateway, 2022. === akụkọ === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200128160633/https://sites.hks.harvard.edu/fs/pnorris/Acrobat/stm103%20articles/Gilley_Concept_ethnic_conflict.pdf "Emegide echiche nke esemokwu agbụrụ"], ''Ụwa nke Atọ nke anọ'' . 25 (6): 1155–1166 . doi:10.1080/0143659042000256959. na mbụ na Jenụwarị 20, 2018. * "Akụkọ maka Ọchịchị Colonialism", ''Ụwa nke Atọ n'ime nkeji iri'' na ise, 2017. ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20230510220351/https://www.nas.org/academic-questions/31/2/the_case_for_colonialism E bipụtara] ya na ''Ajụjụ Ọmụmụ'', June 2018, Mpịakọta 31, Nke 2, p.&nbsp;167–185. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230405022200/https://www.nas.org/academic-questions/35/1/the-case-for-colonialism-a-response-to-my-critics "Akụkọ maka Ọchịchị Colonialism: Azịza nye Ndị nkatọ M"], ''Ajụjụ Ọmụmụ'', Oge opupu ihe ubi 2022. == mpụga njikọ == * {{Cite web|url=http://www.web.pdx.edu/~gilleyb/|title=Essays on "The case for colonialism"|work=Portland State University|accessdate=2017-11-11|archivedate=2015-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150110124937/http://www.web.pdx.edu/~gilleyb/}} * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5V8t4pPbr4k Video of lecture "The Case for Colonialism" at Texas Tech University, 2018]. ([https://web.archive.org/web/20221207143726/https://web.pdx.edu/~gilleyb/TexasTechTalk.pdf text]) == Isi mmalite == <references /> 22x3u6ycx1qry823mdtwtaq0cazoyea 0 25616 656695 208708 2026-06-22T21:51:32Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656695 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Central Pollution Control Board''' (CPCB) nkè India bụ nzukọ iwu kwadoro n'okpuru Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (Mo.E.F.C.C.Ọ dị iche iche E guzobere ya n'afọ 1974 n'okpuru Iwu Mmiri (Nchịkwa na Nchịkwa nkè mmetọ), 1974. A na-enyekwa CPCB ikike na ọrụ n'okpuru Iwu Mmiri (Nchịkwa na Nchịkwa nke Mmetọ), afọ 1981. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka ọzụzụ ubi ma na-enyekwa ọrụ teknụzụ na Ministry of Environment and Forests n'okpuru ndokwa nké Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. Ọ na-ahazi ọrụ nke State Pollution Control Boards site n'inye enyemaka na nduzi teknụzụ ma dozie esemokwu n'etiti ha. Ọ bụ nzukọ kachasị elu na mba ahụ n'ọhịa nchịkwa mmetọ, dị ka ngalaba teknụzụ nkè MoEFCC.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/delhi-ncr-air-pollution-cpcb-guidelines-complaints-supreme-court-social-media-5427900/|title=CPCB issues guidelines for public to lodge complaints on air pollution in Delhi-NCR|date=31 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=ESTABLISHMENT OF - Central Pollution Control Board|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/NRTOL-Profile.pdf|publisher=Central Pollution Control Board|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828140645/http://cpcb.nic.in/NRTOL-Profile.pdf|archivedate=28 August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Evaluation of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|publisher=Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow|accessdate=10 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515110806/http://cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|archivedate=15 May 2013}}</ref> Ónyé isi óche nke Kọmitii Ntinye nké Kọmiti nkè Gọọmentị India họpụtara na-eduzi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Central Board|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/rti/Manual-8.pdf|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514100126/http://cpcb.nic.in/divisionsofheadoffice/rti/Manual-8.pdf|archivedate=14 May 2012}}</ref> Ónyé isi óche na-anọchite anya ugbu a bụ Shri Tanmay Kumar (ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 2021) na ónyé odeakwụkwọ bụ Dr. Prashant Gargava.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chairman of CPCB|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/contact.php|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130601111819/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact.php|archivedate=1 June 2013}}</ref> CPCB nwèrè isi ụlọ ọrụ ya na New Delhi, nwéré ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara asaa na ụlọ nyocha ise. Kọmitii ahụ na-eme nyocha gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi na nyocha. Ọ bụ ọrụ ya màkà idebe ụkpụrụ mba n'okpuru iwu gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi dịgasị iche iche, na mkparịta ụka na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara, agbụrụ, na gọọmentị ime obodo. Ọ nwèrè ọrụ nlekota nke mmiri na ikuku, ma na-edebe data nlekota.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/opened-social-media-account-for-citizens-to-lodge-complaints-on-pollution-in-delhi-ncr-cpcb-to-sc/articleshow/66459895.cms|title=Opened social media account for citizens to lodge complaints on pollution in Delhi-NCR: CPCB to SC|work=The Times of India|date=November 2018}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-arụkwa ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ na ọkwa gọọmentị niile na mmemme mgbochi mmetọ dịgasị iché íchè na mgbalị nchekwa ike. Ọ na-adụ gọọmentị etiti ọdụ ka ha gbochie ma chịkwaa mmetọ mmiri na ikuku. Ọ na-enyekwa Gọọmentị nke Union Territories ndụmọdụ banyéré ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na isi mmalite ndị ọzọ nke mmiri na mmetọ [[Mmetọ ikuku|ikuku]]. CPCB tinyere ndị ibe ya State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) na-ahụ màkà mmejuputa iwu metụtara mgbochi na njikwa mmetọ gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Functions of the Central Board|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/Functions.php|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221539/http://cpcb.nic.in/Functions.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Central Pollution Control Board|url=http://www.envirospectra.org/central-pollution-control-board-cpcb-india.html|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430061633/http://www.envirospectra.org/central-pollution-control-board-cpcb-india.html|archivedate=30 April 2012}}</ref> Kọmitii ahụ nwèrè ihe dịka ndị ọrụ ógè niile narị ise gụnyere ndị injinia, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na ndị ọkachamara na-ahụ maka a nchekwa gbụrụ-gbúrụ ébé obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in India: Rapid Assessment|url=http://www.oecd.org/environment/outreach/37838061.pdf|publisher=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == E guzobere CPCB na iri abụo na abụo ịdị ọcha nke iyi, olulu mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Evaluation of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|publisher=Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow|accessdate=10 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515110806/http://cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|archivedate=15 May 2013}}</ref> E wepụtara Iwu Nchedo Gburugburu Ebe Obibi (EPA) n'afọ 1986 iji mechie oghere dị na Iwu Mmiri na Mmiri, site na ịgbakwunye ọrụ ụfọdụ na CPCB. CPCB na-arụ ọrụ na mbelata na nchịkwa nke mmetọ na mba ahụ site na ịmepụta data dị mkpa, inye ozi sayensị, ịnye ntinye teknụzụ màkà ịmepụta iwu na mmemme mba, ọzụzụ na mmepe nke ndị ọrụ na ịhazi ọrụ màkà ịkwalite mmata na ọkwa dị íchè íchè nke Gọọmentị na ọha na eze.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Evaluation of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB)|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|publisher=Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow|accessdate=10 February 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515110806/http://cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|archivedate=15 May 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Functions of CPCB|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/Functions.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221539/http://cpcb.nic.in/Functions.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> E guzobere Kọmitii Nchịkwa Mmetọ Delhi (DPCC) n'afọ 1991 site na Central Government na-arụ ọrụ na (CPCB) na (NGT) iji chịkwaa mmetọ na Capital.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dpcc.delhigovt.nic.in/about-dpcc.html|title=DPCC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/39343/thesaurus/delhi-pollution-control-committee-dpcc/?page=4|title=Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) - India Environment Portal {{!}} News, reports, documents, blogs, data, analysis on environment & development {{!}} India, South Asia|work=indiaenvironmentportal.org.in|accessdate=2019-08-05|archivedate=2019-08-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802023346/http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/category/39343/thesaurus/delhi-pollution-control-committee-dpcc/?page=4}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/delhi-news/delhi-govt-readies-first-action-plan-to-curb-noise-pollution/story-QZa2ZP9JrMg1UUEdRXtViI.html|title=Delhi govt readies first action plan to curb noise pollution|date=2019-08-02|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|accessdate=2019-08-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/newsscroll/issue-notification-for-mandatory-use-of-sound-limiters-in-sound-systems-ngt-to-delhi-govt/1590513|title=Issue notification for mandatory use of sound limiters in sound systems: NGT to Delhi govt|work=Outlook (India)|accessdate=2019-08-05}}</ref> == Ọdịdị nhazi == [[File:Organizational_structure_of_CPCB.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ọdịdị nhazi nke CPCB]] CPCB na-eduzi site na ''Ónyé isi oche'' ya na-esote odeakwụkwọ ''ónyé'' otu. CPCB na-arụ ọrụ ya dị íchè íchè site na nnukwu ọrụ itoolu na-esonụ / isi mmefu ego.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Organization Chart|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/Organzation_Chart.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221722/http://cpcb.nic.in/Organzation_Chart.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Current Organogram of CPCB|url=http://www.cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|publisher=Indian Institute of Management, Lucknow|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515110806/http://cpcb.nic.in/IIMLko.pdf|archivedate=15 May 2013}}</ref> * Nnyocha mmetọ (nnyocha na nlekota). * R&D na njikwa ụlọ nyocha. * Mmepe nke ụkpụrụ na ntuziaka màkà ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta ikuku na ụkpụrụ nsị * Ọzụzụ * Nchịkwa nchekwa data na ọbá akwụkwọ * Nkà na ụzụ nchịkwa mmetọ * Mmanye nchịkwa mmetọ * Mgbasa ozi na mbipụta ọha na eze * Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu ihe ize ndụ<ref>{{Cite web|title=CPCB CPCB OF An Introduction|url=http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/CPCB%20PROFILE%20English.pdf|publisher=Central Pollution Control Board Ministry of Environment & Forests|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130812170703/http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/CPCB%20PROFILE%20English.pdf|archivedate=12 August 2013}}</ref> == Nkewa nke CPCB Head Office == A na-ekewa isi ụlọ ọrụ CPCB ugbu a na ngalaba irí abụọ na abụọ. Nkewa ọ bụla nwèrè ónyé na-elekọta ya na ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke ọ bụla.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Divisions of Head Office|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/Divisions_Head_Office.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409221712/http://cpcb.nic.in/Divisions_Head_Office.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Màkà Nchịkwa Mmetọ (PCP).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pollution Control Planning Division|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pcp.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233504/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pcp.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Mmetọ, Nnyocha, Nlekọta na Nnyocha (PAMS).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pollution, Assessment, Monitoring & Survey|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pams.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233559/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pams.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Ngalaba Nchịkwa Mmetụta -I (PCI-I).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pollution Control Implementation Division - I|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci1.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233812/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci1.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Mmetụta Nchịkwa Mmetọ Division-II (PCI-II).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pollution Control Implementation Division-II|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci2.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233908/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci2.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Ngalaba Nchịkwa Mmetụta - III (PCI-III).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pollution Control Implementation Division - III|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci3.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233651/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci3.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Mmetụta Obodo (UPCD).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban Pollution Control Division|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_upcd.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233830/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_upcd.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Ngalaba Nchịkwa Ihe Ndị Dị Iche Ndụ (HWMD).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hazardous Waste Management Division|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_hwmd.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233644/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_hwmd.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Teknụzụ ozi.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Information Technology|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_computer.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233819/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_computer.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Ngalaba Ọzụzụ Gbụrụ-gbúrụ Ébé Obibi (ETU).<ref>{{Cite web|title=ETU|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_etu.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233759/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_etu.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Mkpụrụ ndụ iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LEGAL CELL|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_legalcell.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233534/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_legalcell.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Akụkụ nke mbụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PR SECTION|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pr.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233353/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pr.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Dị ka ihe ndekọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AS SECTION|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_as.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090619070123/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_as.php|archivedate=19 June 2009}}</ref> * Nkwupụta iwu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=BUILDING SECTION|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_building.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233510/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_building.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Akwụkwọ nnwere onwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=LIBRARY|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_library.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233902/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_library.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Nkwupụta nke India.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HINDI SECTION|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_hindi_details.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826105745/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_hindi_details.php|archivedate=26 August 2013}}</ref> * Nchịkọta (Nchịkọta). * PCI (SSI)<ref>{{Cite web|title=PCI (SSI)|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci-ssi.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409233722/http://cpcb.nic.in/contact_pci-ssi.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> * Nchịkọta (PERSONNEL). * Ihe omuma. * Akụkọ. == Ọfịs mpaghara == CPCB eguzobewo ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara itoolu na-enye nri na steeti dị íchè íchè. Ọfịs mpaghara bụ ọfịs mpaghara nke CPCB na atụmatụ niile a kwadebere na isi ụlọ ọrụ bụ ha na-eme ya. Ọfịs mpaghara na-eme nyocha n'ọhịa ma zipụ akụkọ gbasara Nlekọta Mmiri, Nlekọta Mmụọ, Nnyocha Ụlọ Ọrụ na ọrụ ndị ọzọ metụtara ya na isi ụlọ ọrụ màkà ime ihe ọzọ. Ọfịs mpaghara ọ bụla na-elekọta ọnụ ọgụgụ a kapịrị ọnụ nké steeti. Ọfịs mpaghara dị na Bengaluru, Kolkata, Shillong, Bhopal, Lucknow, Vadodara, Chandigarh, Pune na Project Office na Agra.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Zonal Offices|url=http://cpcb.nic.in/Zonal_Offices.php|publisher=CPCB|accessdate=31 May 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090409215153/http://cpcb.nic.in/Zonal_Offices.php|archivedate=9 April 2009}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na India * Kansụl India nke Nnyocha na Mmụta Ọhịa * Van Vigyan Kendra (VVK) Ogige Sayensị Ọhịa == Edensibia == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://cpcb.nic.in/ Central Pollution Control Board] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201112032817/http://www.eternalemech.com/cpcb-ii-india-1st-july-details-diesel-generator 2014 Mgbanwe na CPCB2 Generator Law na India] rawgnogz0e6otbik283hvqnseowqn9o 0 26674 656721 637831 2026-06-23T04:42:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656721 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|honorific_prefix=|name=Călin GeorBVCFCu|office2=[[Executive director]] of the [[United Nations]] Global Sustainable Index Institute in [[Geneva]]/[[Vaduz]]|term_start2=2015|term_end2=2016|office3=President of the [[European Research Center for Information Systems|European Research Centre]] for the [[Club of Rome]]|term_start3=2013|term_end3=2015|nationality=Romanian|citizenship=Romania|party=|birth_date={{birth date and age|1962|03|26|df=y}}|birth_place=[[Bucharest]], [[Socialist Republic of Romania|Romanian People's Republic]]|profession=[[Agriculturist|Agronomist]]|education=[[University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest]] (1986)<br>[[Carol I National Defence University]] (2007)}} '''Călin Georgescu''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1962) bụ onye [[Romania|Romanian]] bụ ọkachamara na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, nke a nabatara n"ọhịa, na ya na afọ iri na asaa nke ije ozi na mpaghara gburugburu ebe obibi na usoro United Nations. A họpụtara Georgescu ka ọ bụrụ onye isi nchịkwa nke United Nations Global Sustainable Index Institute na Geneva na Vaduz maka oge 2015-2016. Tupu nke ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke European Research Centre maka Club of Rome (2013[[2015). Ọ bụkwa onye otu Club of Rome International na [[Switzerland]]. == Agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Georgescu na mpaghara Cotroceni nke Bucharest, nwa Scarlat Georgesco na Aneta Georgespu, nke a mụrụ Popescu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cadranpolitic.ro/calin-georgescu-fisa-de-cadre/|title=Călin Georgescu, fișă de cadre|language=ro|first=Virginia|author=Mircea|work=www.cadranpolitic.ro|date=December 17, 2020|accessdate=February 9, 2022}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Land Reclamation College, Nicolae Bălcescu Institute of Agronomy na Bucharest (1986) wee nweta Ph.D. ya na sayensị ala na 1999. == Ọrụ == Georgescu rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke National Center for Sustainable Development na Bucharest site na 2000 ruo 2013. Onye a kwadoro ikike na atụmatụ atụmatụ na atụmatụ ọha na eze, gọọmenti Romania họpụtara ya ka ọ hazie mmepe nke nsụgharị abụọ na-esote nke National Sustainable. Strategy Development (na 1999 na 2008), kwekọrọ na ntuziaka nke European Strategy for Sustainable Development. Ọ na-ejikọta ihe ọmụma zuru oke nke ụkpụrụ na omume nke mmepe na-adịgide adịgide na ahụmahụ aka na ubi site n'ịrụ ọrụ na ndị na-ahụ maka ọha na eze na nkeonwe yana ndị obodo na-arụ ọrụ iji chepụta, mejuputa na ịgbaso site na ịmecha ọrụ dị iche iche n'okpuru Mpaghara Mpaghara. Agenda 21 (nke United Nations Development Programme malitere na 1992) maka ihe karịrị obodo ịrị anọ nke mba Romania. Onye bụbu Senior Fellow na United Nations Development Programme, Georgescu nwekwara ọkwa dị iche iche na usoro UN, dị ka UN Special Rapporteur na mmetụta ọjọọ nke mmegharị iwu na-akwadoghị na ịtụfu ngwaahịa na ihe mkpofu na nsị na ịnụ ụtọ ikike mmadụ na onye nnọchi anya Kọmitii Mba [[Ihe Omume Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UNEP]] maka Romania. O nwekwara ọkwa ndị dị ka: Onye ndụmọdụ nke Minista na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke Ministry of Environment, onye nduzi nke Ngalaba Na-emepụta Akụnụba nke Mba Nile na Ministry nke Mmekọrịta Mba Ọzọ nke Romania, Odeakwụkwọ General nke Romanian Association for the Club of Rome na onye isi nchịkwa nke Institute for Innovation and Development Projects. Dị ka nkwupụta e nyere na Nọvemba 2020, Georgescu kwuru na Ion Antonescu na Corneliu Zelea Codreanu bụ ndị dike site na ha "ọ biri akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba, site n'aka ha na-ekwu ma na'ekwu akụkọ mba ọ bụghị site site mu ndị na ya na ike ụwa nke na na - na<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.digi24.ro/stiri/actualitate/politica/cine-este-calin-georgescu-propunerea-aur-pentru-functia-de-premier-1417286|title=Cine este Călin Georgescu, propunerea AUR pentru funcția de premier|publisher=[[Digi24]]|accessdate=2021-10-08|language=ro}}</ref> Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR), otu pati nke batara n'ụlọ omebe iwu Romanian na-esote ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Romenian na Disemba 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=AUR a anunțat pe cine va propune ca premier: "Călin Georgescu este un român patriot"|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/aur-a-anuntat-pe-cine-va-propune-ca-premier-calin-georgescu-este-un-roman-patriot.html|accessdate=2020-12-07|work=Stirileprotv.ro}}</ref> N'oge nsogbu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Romania na 2021 nke dugara n'iwepụ Cîțu Cabinet n"ọfịs, otu pati ahụ tụụrụ ya aro ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Simion: "AUR propune un premier independent, care să respecte interesele națiunii române"|url=https://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/politic/simion-aur-propune-un-premier-independent-care-sa-respecte-interesele-natiunii-romane.html|work=Știrile Pro TV|date=11 October 2021|language=ro|accessdate=11 October 2021}}</ref> Ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbasa ozi katọrọ Georgescu maka nkwupụta ya na-akwado Russia, ụfọdụ ọbụna na'ime ha na na -ewere ya dị ka onye nnọchi anya ọdịmma Russia na Romania. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == *Romania at Crossroads, Editura Logos, Bucuresti, 2014 and Editura Christiana, 2016 (second revised edition and the country project) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130327182424/http://www.ipid.ro/reprofesionalizarea/?p=629 "Pentru un ideal comun"] [In Search of Common Purpose], Compania Publishing House, Bucharest, 2012. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20130327214110/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=453 “România după criză. Reprofesionalizarea”] [Romania after the crisis. Reshaping Professional Worth], coordinators {{ill|Mircea Malița|ro}} and Călin Georgescu, Compania Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140712155919/http://www.ipid.ro/rr3_docs/rr3.pdf “Trezirea la realitate”] [A Wake-up Call], in ''România post-criză. Reprofesionalizarea României III'' [''Romania after the Crisis''], 3rd IPID Report, Bucharest, 2010, pp.&nbsp;5–15. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150506021417/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr2_ro.pdf “Reclădirea capitalului uman”] [Rebuilding Human Capital], in ''Șansa României: oamenii. Reprofesionalizarea României II'' [''A Chance for Romania: Betting on People''], 2nd IPID Report, București, 2009, pp.&nbsp;7–18. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120309011236/http://www.clubofrome.ro/php/publications_files/pdfs/1262766668.pdf “Romania at the Eve of the Third Millennium”], in Millennium III, special issue on “Which Forces are Driving Europe?, European Conference of the National Associations of the Club of Rome”, Bucharest, 23–24 May 2008, pp.&nbsp;95–103. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140211082435/http://www.ipid.ro/documente/rr1_ro.pdf ''“Reprofesionalizarea României”''] [''Reshaping Professional Worth in Romania''], 1st IPID Report, Bucharest, 2008; author and editor. *[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/SNDD_2008_EN_.pdf ''National Sustainable Development Strategy of Romania 2013-2020-2030''], (available in Romanian and English), Government of Romania, Bucharest, 2008; Project Manager. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20160908065114/http://cndd.ro/documents_local_agenda_21.html ''Planurile Locale de Dezvoltare Durabilă “Agenda Locală 21”''] [Local Sustainable Development Plans under Local Agenda 21], for 40 local authorities, 2000–2008; Project Manager. *[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/NSSD_1999_EN.pdf ''National Sustainable Development Strategy''], (available in Romanian and English), United Nations Development Programme, Bucharest, 1999; Project Manager. *[https://cndd.ro/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Romania_2020.pdf ''Romania 2020''], Editura Conspress, București, 1998, Editor. ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} ==Njikọ Mpuga== *Club of Rome (https://www.clubofrome.org/) *European Research Centre of the Club of Rome (http://www.clubofrome.eu/) *United Nations Global Sustainability Index Institute - UNGSII (http://www.ungsii.org/) *United Nations Human Rights - Office of the High Commissioner - OHCHR (http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Pages/Home.aspx) *United Nations Development Programme - UNDP (http://www.undp.org/ *United Nations Environment Programme - UNEP (http://www.unep.org/) *Centrul Național pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă / National Centre for Sustainable Development (http://www.ncsd.ro) *Strategia Națională pentru Dezvoltarea Durabilă a României / National Sustainable Development Strategy (http://strategia.ncsd.ro/) ===Edemede na ajụjụ ọnụ === *{{YouTube|id=mhPyLLadmgs|title=Legile Afacerilor – Călin Georgescu}} – [[TVR 2]] – "Legile Afacerilor" (Business Laws), 5 September 2016 – in Romanian *[http://adevarul.ro/news/politica/adevarul-live-ora-1400-calin-georgescu-lider-clubul-roma-despre-nationalism-ortodoxie-lupta-politica-1_5757c7815ab6550cb8c110bf/index.html Călin Georgescu despre naționalism, ortodoxie, lupta politică] - 8 June 2016 - in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20230306065929/http://www.corectnews.com/politics/calin-georgescu-nu-recunosc-conducerea-acestei-tari Călin Georgescu: "Nu recunosc conducerea acestei țări"], 29 March 2015 - in Romanian *[http://meritocratia.ro/2014/10/calin-georgescu-interviu-la-realitatea-tv/ Călin Georgescu - interviu la Realitatea TV], 25 September 2014 - in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20161220171359/http://www.initiativepentruromania.ro/calin-georgescu-interviu-manifest-romania-are-nevoie-de-un-stat-care-isi-serveste-cu-abnegatie-cetatenii-si-nu-de-unul-care-slugareste-capitalul-international-2/ "România are nevoie de un stat care își servește cu abnegație cetățenii"], 3 March 2014 - in Romanian *[http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/lideri-priceputi-decizii-cruciale.html ”Lideri pricepuți. Decizii cruciale”]-in Romanian,[http://fundatiacndd.blogspot.ro/2013/03/skilled-leaders-for-crucial-decisions.html ”Skilled Leaders for Crucial Decisions”] in English, foreword to [https://web.archive.org/web/20230527080009/https://www.compania.ro/ Romanian edition of "Bankrupting Nature, Denying our Planetary Boundaries" by Anders Wijkman and Johan Rockström](compania, Bucharest, 2013)-in English. *"[http://www.bursa.ro/calin-georgescu-trebuie-restabilit-echilibrul-intre-rationalitatea-economica-si-suportabilitatea-sociala-145901&s=ziua_zeuro&articol=145901.html Trebuie restabilit echilibrul între raţionalitatea economică şi suportabilitatea socială"], interview by Adina Ardeleanu, BURSA, 27 October 2011. - in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120331102126/http://inregistrari.antena3.ro/view-26_Aug-2011-Vorbe_grele_cu_Victor_Ciutacu-30.html VIDEO Călin Georgescu este invitatul lui Victor Ciutacu la emisiunea "Vorbe Grele" la Antena 3], 26 August 2011. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120328123418/http://romaniapress.ro/interviuri/9657-exclusivitate-avem-ce-invata-de-la-altii-dar-problemele-noastre-tot-noi-trebuie-sa-le-rezolvam.html "Avem ce învăța de la alții, dar problemele noastre tot noi trebuie să le rezolvam"], interview with Călin Georgescu for RomaniaPress.ro, 3 August 2011. - in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110439/http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html "Nişa României: agricultura eco"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008110439/http://www.romanialibera.ro/opinii/interviuri/nisa-romaniei-agricultura-eco-230220.html |date=2012-10-08 }}: Călin Georgescu, director executiv al Centrului Naţional pentru Dezvoltare Durabilă din România ["Romania's Niche: bio agriculture": Călin Georgescu, executive director of the National Centre for Sustainable Development"], interview by Sabina Fati, 5 July 2011.-in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145007/https://www.wall-street.ro/live-text/Solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-Expertul-Calin-Georgescu-la-Dezbaterile-Wall-Street-ro_34.html Soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată: Expertul Călin Georgescu la Dezbaterile Wall-Street.ro] [Keys to country's immediate economic revival: expert Călin Georgescu at Wall-Street.ro debates], 4 July 2011.-in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110818055115/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=105268 VIDEO "Pentru omenire, criza actuală nu este o problemă, ci ceea ce urmează după ea"] [The Current Crisis is not the Problem for the Humanity, but what will come after it], interview by Rodica Culcer and Lidia Moise, PRIM PLAN, TVR 1, 20 June 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110823083021/http://www.tvr.ro/inregistrari.php Emisunea PRIM PLAN – integrala] poate fi vazuta la INREGISTRARILE SAPTAMANII, Luni: 20-06-2011.- in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110805081116/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4140 "Viitorul va fi al creierului și al minții"] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110805073503/http://www.cadranpolitic.ro/?p=4145 The Future Will Belong to the Brain and Mind], interview by Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, April 2011. *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110324003901/http://www.tvr.ro/articol.php?id=99484 VIDEO "Interviu în exclusivitate cu Călin Georgescu, unul dintre liderii europeni ai grupului de la Roma"] [Exclusive interview with Calin Georgescu, one of the European leaders of the Club of Rome] interview by Lidia Moise, TVR, 18 March 2011. - in Romanian *Despre soluții pentru o relansare economică imediată a țării [Keys to country's immediate economic revival], interview by Dr. Alex Todericiu, 15 December 2010, Wall Street, [http://www.wall-street.ro/articol/Economie/96663/INTERVIU-Calin-Georgescu-Despre-solutii-pentru-o-relansare-economica-imediata-a-tarii.html INTERVIU - Calin Georgescu: Despre solutii pentru o relansare economica imediata a tarii] (in Romanian). *"Poporul român va dainui, criza e provocată de trufie și lacomie" [The people of Romania will endure. Vanity and greed got us into crisis.], interview by Irina Ursu and Lucian Hainăroșie, 16 November 2010, www.ziare.com, [http://www.ziare.com/social/romani/calin-georgescu-poporul-roman-va-dainui-criza-e-provocata-de-trufie-si-lacomie-interviu-ziare-com-1055795 Calin Georgescu: Poporul roman va dainui, criza e provocata de trufie si lacomie - Interviu] (in Romanian). *"Sunt oameni pregătiţi să-şi dedice viaţa reconstruirii acestei ţări" [We have people who are willing to serve the country] by Anca Hriban and Roland Cătălin Pena, 29 October 2010, Ziua Veche, [https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072558/http://ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101130072558/http://ziuaveche.ro/opinii/intalnirile-ziua-veche/7729-intalnirile-ziuavechero-clin-georgescu-sunt-oameni-pregtii-s-i-dedice-viaa-reconstruirii-acestei-ri.html#comments |date=2010-11-30 }} (in Romanian). *”Călin Georgescu: ''România nu este aceasta''” [Călin Georgescu: ''This is not Romania''], interview by George Rădulescu, 15 October 2010, Adevărul, [http://www.adevarul.ro/la_masa_adevarului/Calin_Georgescu-_-Romania_nu_este_aceasta_0_353365205.html Călin Georgescu: „România nu este aceasta”] (in Romanian). *VIDEO. "Expertul Călin Georgescu la videochatul Adevărul: ''În patru ani, România ar putea să devină lider european''” [VIDEO The expert Călin Georgescu at Adevărul videochat: ''In four years Romania might become European leader''], 6 October 2010, Adevărul, http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/Expertul_in_Dezvoltare_Durabila_Calin_Georgescu_va_fi_prezent_de_la_ora_13-00_la_vidochatul_adevarul-ro_0_348565358.html (in Romanian). *”Măsurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi” [Austerity Measures in a Rush], interview with Călin Georgescu by Stelian Negrea, Financiarul, 15 June 2010, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100620030447/http://www.financiarul.com/articol_46290/calin-georgescu-masurile-de-austeritate-sunt-luate-pe-genunchi.html Calin Georgescu: „Masurile de austeritate sunt luate pe genunchi“ | Interviu] (in Romanian). *”N-am văzut încă o gândire coerentă pentru repornirea motoarelor economiei” [No Coherent Thinking on Restarting the Economic Engine], interview with Călin Georgescu by Cristian Andrei, Puterea, 13 May 2010, [http://www.puterea.ro/news1878/N-am-vazut-inca-o-gandire-coerenta-pentru-repornirea-motoarelor-economiei.htm{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ] (in Romanian). *”Mergeți la drum cu profesioniștii!” [Go along with the Professionals], article by Călin Georgescu, Foreign Policy România, September/October 2009; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100503111127/http://www.ipid.ro/wordpress/?p=157 Profesional » Blog Archive » Mergeti la drum cu profesionistii! - Blogul Alianței Profesioniștilor pentru Progres] (in Romanian). *”Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România” [The Professionals Close Ranks for Romania], interview with Călin Georgescu, Jurnalul Național, 9 July 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20100502043722/http://www.jurnalul.ro/stire-politic/profesionistii-strang-randurile-pentru-romania-514091.html “Profesioniştii strâng rândurile pentru România”] (in Romanian). *”Reprofesionalizarea României” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth], interview with Călin Georgescu by Cristian Banu, Cadran Politic, No 67, 2009, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120309175424/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2816 Cadran politic - Revista lunara de analiza si informare politica] (in Romanian). *”Incompetenţa generează corupţia” [Incompetence Breeds Corruption], interview with Călin Georgescu by Ovidiu Nahoi, Adevărul, 9 December 2008, http://www.adevarul.ro/actualitate/eveniment/Incompetenta-genereaza-coruptia_0_25197567.html (in Romanian). === Akụkọ Mgbasa ozi === *[http://www.activenews.ro/stiri-politic/Afirmatii-fara-precedent-facute-in-direct-la-Televiziunea-Nationala-Romania-nu-mai-este-un-stat-ci-o-corporatie-condusa-de-straini.-In-ultimii-26-ani-Romania-a-pierdut-peste-UN-TRILION-de-euro-mai-mult-decat-a-pierdut-de-la-Stefan-cel-Mare-pana-n-89-138517 "Romania nu mai este un stat, ci o corporatie condusa de straini"], 22 November 2016 - in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232414/http://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 "Motivatia: Romania"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104232414/http://romanialibera.ro/special/reportaje/cine-sunt-oamenii-din-spatele-miscarii-%E2%80%9Emotivatia--romania%E2%80%9C-348314 |date=2018-01-04 }}, 1 September 2014 - in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20220625103655/https://csr-romania.ro/articole-si-analize/concepte-de-baza/877-o-solutie-pentru-iesirea-din-criza-dezvoltarea-durabila.html „O soluție pentru ieșirea din criză: dezvoltarea durabilă”] [A way out of the crisis: sustainable development], an article by Green Revolution Association, 9 November 2010, CSR Romania. - in Romanian *[https://web.archive.org/web/20101014024001/http://www.cotidianul.ro/126184-Romania_dupa_criza_Reprofesionalizarea ”România după-criză. Reprofesionalizarea”] [Romania after the Crisis. Reshaping Professional Worth], by Dumitru Constantin, 12 October 2010, Cotidianul. -in Romanian *”Reprofesionalizarea României: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric și Dumitru Costin” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth: Călin Georgescu, Dan Puric and Dumitru Costin], by I.Culianu, Wordpress, 23 June 2010, [http://culianu.wordpress.com/2010/06/23/reprofesionalizarea-romaniei-calin-georgescu-dan-puric-si-dumitru-costin-2/ Reprofesionalizarea Romaniei: Calin Georgescu, Dan Puric si Dumitru Costin]. *”Desemnarea unui reprezentant al României în funcţia de Raportor special ONU” [Appointment of a Romanian Representative as UN Special Rapporteur], Press release, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Bucharest, 21 June 2010, http://www.mae.ro/index.php?unde=doc&id=44086&idlnk=2&cat=4. *”Pledoarie pentru competenţă, distributism şi economie civică” [A Plea for Competence, Distributive Growth and Civic Economy] by Ovidiu Hurduzeu, 18 June 2010, http://atreiafortaromaniaprofunda.blogspot.com/2010/06/o-pledoarie-pentru-competenta.html. *”Reprofesionalizarea României - lansarea unui proiect naţional” [Reshaping Romania's Professional Worth: Launch of a National Project], by Roxana Mazilu, Cadran Politic, No 67, 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20220125145003/http://arhiva.cadranpolitic.ro/view_article.asp?item=2790&title=%3FReprofesionalizarea. *”Anii vacilor slabe” [The Lean Years], by Emil Hurezeanu, Cotidianul, 6 March 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20110726050731/http://old.cotidianul.ro/anii_vacilor_slabe-79.html. *”Formarea elitelor profesionale—soluția pentru dezvoltarea durabilă a României” [Training of Professional Elites: The Solution for Sustainable Development], EurActiv, 3 March 2008, https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054035/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_12705/Formarea-elitelor-profesionale-solutia-pentru-dezvoltarea-durabila-a-Romaniei.html. *”L’IPID a lancé le volume La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie”, Investir en Roumanie, 29 February 2008, [https://web.archive.org/web/20230306070040/http://www.investir-roumanie.com/L-IPID-a-lance-le-volume-La-Reprofessionnalisation-de-la-Roumanie,540110.html Investir en Roumanie : L’IPID a lancé le volume "La Reprofessionnalisation de la Roumanie" - actualités économiques et opportunités d'affaires en Roumanie]. *”Pentru reprofesionalizarea României e nevoie de proiecte solide” [To Bring Back Professionalism Romania Needs Good Projects], EurActiv, 12 October 2006, https://web.archive.org/web/20120306054051/http://www.euractiv.ro/uniunea-europeana/articles%7CdisplayArticle/articleID_8382/Pentru-reprofesionalizarea-Romaniei-e-nevoie-de-proiecte-solide.html. it1wrbfgf0nv4vc8xb04haf2ob7giky 0 27022 656711 114106 2026-06-23T03:12:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox company|name=Cocoa Processing Company|logo=Cocoa Processing Company logo.jpg|logo_size=200px|type=[[Public limited company]]|traded_as={{GSE|CPC}}|industry=[[Manufacturing]]|foundation={{start date and age|df=yes|1981|11|27}}|location_city=Cocoa Processing Company,<br /> Heavy Industrial Area, [[Tema]],<br /> [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]], [[Ghana]]|key_people=Jacob S. Arthur ([[Chairman]])<br /> Richard Amarh Tetteh [[Chief executive officer|(CEO)]]|products=[[Cocoa bean|Cocoa Beans]]|homepage=[http://www.goldentreeghana.com/ www.goldentreeghana.com]}} '''Cocoa Processing Company Limited''' bụ ụlọ ọrụ nhazi koko nke Ghana. A na-edepụta ha na ndepụta ngwaahịa nke Ghana Stock Exchange, GSE All-Share Index. E guzobere ya na 1981. == Ngwaahịa == * Ụdị chocolate (Tetteh Quarshie Bar (TQ Bar), Kingsbite, Oranco bar, Akuafo Bar, Portem Pride, Portem Nut, Coffeechoc) * Choco-Bake * Choco Delight (chokoleti gbasaa) * Akị na-acha odo odo e ji chocolate kpuchie * Royal Natural Cocoa Powder * Oge niile (''Ịṅụ chocolate ozugbo'') * Vitaco (''Ịṅụ chocolate ozugbo'')<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goldentreeghana.com/ourproducts.html|title=The Golden Tree Products|accessdate=15 October 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029144149/http://goldentreeghana.com/ourproducts.html|archivedate=29 October 2012}}</ref> Ngwaahịa nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ enwetala ọtụtụ onyinye nturu ugo obodo na nke mba ụwa, si otú a na-akwado organoleptic àgwà ngwaahịa nri enyere ndị na-azụ ahịa. N'afọ 2002, egosiputala ngwaahịa itoolu nke ụlọ ọrụ na Nhọrọ World Quality, nke Monde Selection haziri. Asato n'ime ha (asaa akara chocolates na Alltime) enwetala ihe nrite ọla edo Award na otu n’ime ha (Vitaco) – onyinye nturu ugo ọla ọcha. == Hụkwa zie == * Ndepụta nke ndị na-emepụta chocolate == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://www.goldentreeghana.com/ Ebe obibi nke Cocoa Processing Company] * [http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/bir/517375 Ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta koko na Alacrastore] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040928082537/http://www.ghanaembassy.or.jp/business/cocoa.html Ụlọ ọrụ koko, na Ghana Embassy Japan] 6e7xo9v9ukwtohkzago7mi2er9g9fir 0 27055 656713 113761 2026-06-23T03:22:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656713 wikitext text/x-wiki Commercial Bank Centrafrique '''CBCA''', bụ otu n'ime nnukwu '''ụlọ''' akụ na [[Central African Republic]]. Ọ bụ onye otu Commercial Bank Group yana njikọ na Commercial Bank Tchad (CBT), Commercial Bank of Cameroon (CBC), Commercial Bank Equatorial Guinea (CBGE) na Commercial Bank São Tomé na Príncipe (CBSTP).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc-bank.com/page.php?langue=en&id=17&rub=16&pole=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20041108011700/http://www.cbc-bank.com/page.php?langue=en&id=17&rub=16&pole=1|archivedate=2004-11-08|title=Commercial Bank of Cameroon|date=2004-11-08|accessdate=2017-09-07}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Òtù Ụlọ Akụ̀ Azụmaahịa * Ụlọ Akụ̀ Azụmaahịa nke Cameroon * Central Bank nke Central African States  == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070310231341/http://www.centralafricaphonebook.com/en/banking/banks-financial-institutions/cbca-commercial-bank-centrafrique-10.html Peeji CBCA na Annulaires Afrique] {{Authority control}} 6h71wl6lvqcbj5sormks3b6h3zs016v 0 28069 656737 200124 2026-06-23T09:24:36Z Mbah Victor Chukwuemerie 16687 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356665917|Sanitation]]" 656737 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Faịlụ:Sanitation_Value_Chain.jpg|thumb|Usoro mkpofu: nchịkọta, njem, ọgwụgwọ, na iwepụ ma ọ bụ iji ya eme ihe ọzọ]]  {{Reflist}}  Nlekọta ahụike ọha na eze metụtara [[Mmịrị ọṅụṅụ|mmiri ọṅụṅụ]] dị ọcha na ọgwụgwọ na iwepụ [[Mmiri mkpofu|nsị]] mmadụ na nsị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sanitation|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117175208/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/sanitation|archivedate=November 17, 2017|title=sanitation {{!}} Definition of sanitation in English by Oxford Dictionaries|work=Oxford Dictionaries {{!}} English|accessdate=2017-11-17}}</ref> Igbochi mmetụ mmadụ na nsị bụ akụkụ nke '''Ịdị ọcha''', dị ka ịsa aka na ncha. Usoro nhicha ahụ na-ezube ichebe ahụike mmadụ site n'inye gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha nke ga-akwụsị nnyefe nke ọrịa, ọkachasị site na ụzọ nsị-ọnụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, [[afọ ọsịsa]], isi ihe na-akpata nsogbu nri na-edozi ahụ na uto na-adịghị mma n'ime ụmụaka, nwere ike belata site na ịdị ọcha zuru oke.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/|title=Diarrhoeal disease|work=World Health Organization|language=en-GB|accessdate=2017-11-17|archivedate=2014-04-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401193648/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs330/en/}}</ref> E nwere ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-ebute ngwa ngwa na obodo ndị nwere ọkwa dị ala, dị ka ascariasis (ụdị ọrịa ikpuru eriri afọ ma ọ bụ helminthiasis), ọgbụgbọ na ọgbụgba, ịba ọcha n'anya, polio, [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]], na trachoma, Iji kpọọ aha ole na ole. E nwere ọtụtụ teknụzụ na ụzọ mkpofu. Ihe atụ ụfọdụ bụ mkpocha zuru oke nke obodo, mkpocha nke container, mkpochi gburugburu ebe obibi, mkpoche mberede, mkpochapụ gburugburu ebe obibi na mkpocha na-adịgide adịgide. Usoro nhicha na-agụnye ijide, ichekwa, ibugharị, ọgwụgwọ na ikpofu ma ọ bụ iji nsị mmadụ na mmiri mkpofu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/water-sanitation-hygiene-fact-sheet-2010.pdf|title=Water Sanitation Hygiene Fact Sheet 2010|author=Gates Foundation|date=2010|work=Gates Foundation|accessdate=2017-11-17|archivedate=2020-10-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021134815/https://docs.gatesfoundation.org/documents/water-sanitation-hygiene-fact-sheet-2010.pdf}}</ref> Ọrụ iji ya mee ihe n'ime usoro nhicha ahụ nwere ike ilekwasị anya na ihe na-edozi ahụ, mmiri, ike ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị n'ime ihe mkpofu na mmiri mkpofu. A na-akpọ nke a "usoro uru nke ịdị ọcha" ma ọ bụ "akụnụba nke ịdị ọcha". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.trust.org/item/20170919145350-bovq7|title=The rise of the sanitation economy: how business can help solve a global crisis|author=Paranipe|first=Nitin|date=19 September 2017|work=Thomson Reuters Foundation News|accessdate=November 13, 2017|archivedate=29 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191229085853/http://news.trust.org/item/20170919145350-bovq7/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.toiletboard.org/media/30-Sanitation_Economy_Final.pdf|title=Introducing the Sanitation Economy|publisher=Toilet Board Coalition|year=2017|accessdate=2017-12-19}}</ref> A na-akpọ ndị na-ahụ maka nhicha, ịnọgide na-elekọta, ịrụ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ ikpochapụ teknụzụ ịdị ọcha n'oge ọ bụla nke usoro ịdị ọcha. "Ndị ọrụ nhicha". : 2 : 2  A na-eji ọtụtụ "ọkwa" ịdị ọcha iji tụnyere ọkwa ọrụ ịdị ọcha n'ime mba ma ọ bụ n'ofe mba.<ref name="Sanitation {{!}} JMP">{{Cite web|url=https://washdata.org/monitoring/sanitation|title=Sanitation {{!}} JMP|work=washdata.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-11-17|archivedate=2021-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721181243/https://washdata.org/monitoring/sanitation}}</ref> Ugo nke ịdị ọcha akọwapụtara site na Joint Monitoring Programme na 2016 na-amalite na nsị na-aga n'ihu na-eji okwu "na-adịghị mma", "oke", "isi", na ọkwa kachasị elu bụ " n'enweghị nsogbu".<ref name="Sanitation {{!}} JMP" /> Nke a metụtara Mba ndị na-emepe emepe. Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nabatara [[Ikike mmadụ nwere mmiri na idebe ihe ọcha|ikike mmadụ nwere maka mmiri na ịdị ọcha]] n'afọ 2010. Idebe ihe dị ọcha bụ ihe kachasị mkpa maka mmepe zuru ụwa ọnụ na isiokwu nke Sustainable Development Goal 6. <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="201" href="./Joint_Monitoring_Programme_for_Water_Supply_and_Sanitation" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation">JMP"},"body":{"id":"mw-reference-text-cite_note-JMP2017-9","html":"WHO and UNICEF (2017) <nowiki><a href=\"https://washdata.org/reports\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" class=\"external text\" id=\"mwA94\">Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines</a></nowiki> <nowiki><a about=\"#mwt34\" class=\"external text\" data-mw=\"{&amp;quot;parts&amp;quot;:[{&amp;quot;template&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;target&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Webarchive&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;href&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;./Template:Webarchive&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;params&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;url&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://web.archive.org/web/20190725020452/https://washdata.org/reports&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;date&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2019-07-25&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}]}\" href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190725020452/https://washdata.org/reports\" id=\"mwA98\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\" typeof=\"mw:Transclusion\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\">Archived</a></nowiki><nowiki><span about=\"#mwt34\" id=\"mwA-A\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"> 2019-07-25 at the </span></nowiki><nowiki><a about=\"#mwt34\" class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"768\" href=\"./Wayback_Machine\" id=\"mwA-E\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Wayback Machine\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Wayback Machine</a></nowiki><nowiki><link about=\"#mwt34\" href=\"./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links\" id=\"mwA-I\" rel=\"mw:PageProp/Category\" data-ve-ignore=\"\"></nowiki>. Geneva: World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), 2017"}}" id="cite_ref-JMP2017_9-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Sanitation#cite_note-JMP2017-9 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Atụmatụ na 2017 site na JMP na-ekwu na ijeri mmadụ 4.5 ugbu a enweghị ịdị ọcha n'enweghị nsogbu. [1] Enweghị ohere ịnweta ịdị ọcha nwere mmetụta ọ bụghị naanị na ahụike ọha na eze kamakwa na ùgwù mmadụ na nchekwa onwe onye.  <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> == Nkọwa == [[Faịlụ:2011_07-Internal_ReinventTheToilet_Animation.webm|thumb|Vidio na-eme ihe nkiri iji mesie mkpa ịdị ọcha dị (ebe a na-elekwasị anya na ụlọ mposi) na ahụike ọha na eze na Mba ndị na-emepe emepe]] [[Faịlụ:Urban_sanitation_facilities_vs._rural_sanitation_facilities,_OWID.svg|thumb|Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ dị mma n'obodo ukwu na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ime obodo dị mma, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Urban sanitation facilities vs. rural sanitation facilities|url=https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-sanitation-facilities-vs-rural-sanitation-facilities|work=Our World in Data|accessdate=6 March 2020|archivedate=19 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919224224/https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/urban-sanitation-facilities-vs-rural-sanitation-facilities}}</ref>]] E nwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị iche iche na ojiji nke okwu ahụ bụ "ịdị ọcha" n'etiti mba na òtù dị iche iche. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa A na-akọwa okwu ahụ bụ "ịdị ọcha" dị ka ndị a: <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>A na-agụnye ihe anọ ndị a na-agụnye ihe ndị a niile: usoro nchịkwa nsị, usoro nchịkwa mmiri mkpofu (gụnyere ebe a bụ Ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi mmiri mkpofu), usoro [[Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu|Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu siri ike]] yana usoro nsị mmiri maka mmiri ozuzo, nke a na-akpọkwa nsị mmiri ozuzo. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị nọ na ngalaba WASH na-agụnye naanị njikwa nsị na nkọwa ha nke ịdị ọcha.  Ihe atụ ọzọ nke ihe a gụnyere na Ịdị ọcha dị n'akwụkwọ ntuziaka site na Sphere na "Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Humanitarian Response" nke na-akọwa ụkpụrụ kacha nta na "akụkụ nzaghachi dị mkpa" anọ Ngalaba nzaghachi dị mkpa na Humanitarian Response. Otu n'ime ha bụ "Nkwado Mmiri, Nlekọta Mmiri na Nkwalite Ịdị ọcha" (WASH) ma ọ gụnyere Mpaghara ndị a: Nkwalite Ị dị ọcha, inye mmiri, njikwa nsị, njikwa vector, njikwa ihe mkpofu siri ike na WASH na Ntiwapụ nke ọrịa na ntọala [[Nlekọta ahụike ma ọ|nlekọta ahụike]]. : 91 : 91  Ọtụtụ ndị na-ahụ nkwalite Ịdị ọcha dị ka akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịdị ọcha. The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council na-akọwa N'agbanyeghị eziokwu ahụ bụ na ịdị ọcha gụnyere ọgwụgwọ mmiri nri, a na-ejikarị okwu abụọ ahụ eme ihe dị ka "ịdị ọcha na njikwa mmiri mmiri". Nkọwa ọzọ dị na ntuziaka nduzi Nkọwa bụ DFID Ntuziaka Manuel na mmemme mmiri na ịdị ọcha sitere na <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>Ịdị ọcha nwere ike ịgụnye ịdị ọcha onwe onye na ịdị ọcha ọha na eze. Ọrụ ịdị ọcha onwe onye nwere ike ịgụnye ijikwa ihe mkpofu nwoke, ihicha ụlọ mposi ụlọ, na ijikwa ihe mkpofu ụlọ. Ọrụ ịdị ọcha ọha na eze nwere ike ịgụnye ịnakọta ihe mkpofu, mbufe na ọgwụgwọ (njikwa mkpofu siri ike nke obodo), ihicha drains, n'okporo ámá, ụlọ akwụkwọ, ụgbọ oloko, ebe ọha na eze, ụlọ mposi obodo na ụlọ mposi ọha, nsị mmiri, ịrụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ nsị, wdg. [1]: 4 Ndị ọrụ na-enye ọrụ ndị a maka ndị ọzọ == Ebumnuche ==   [[Faịlụ:2016_EPI_Environmental_Health_Objective_-_Water_and_Sanitation_(26170609358).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ịnweta mmiridị ọcha dị mma (2016) ]] Ebumnuche nke ịdị ọcha bụ inye gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma maka onye ọ bụla, iji chekwaa akụ ndị sitere n'okike. (dị ka mmiri dị n'elu, mmiri dị n"okpuru ala, ala), yana inye ndị mmadụ nchekwa, nchekwa na ùgwù mgbe ha na-eme nsị ma ọ bụ na-eme mamịrị. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (UN) nabatara [[ikike mmadụ]] maka mmiri na ịdị ọcha n'afọ 2010. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/berkley-center/100308UNARES64292.pdf|title=General Assembly|accessdate=2019-11-25|archivedate=2017-03-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170319023103/https://s3.amazonaws.com/berkley-center/100308UNARES64292.pdf}}</ref> <ref name="HRWS2015">{{Cite web|url=http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The%20Human%20Rights%20To%20Water%20And%20Sanitation%20UN%20resolution.pdf|title=The human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation|accessdate=2019-11-25|archivedate=2017-08-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170825141743/http://www.endwaterpoverty.org/sites/endwaterpoverty.org/files/The}}</ref> A nabatara ya na iwu mba ụwa site na nkwekọrịta ikike mmadụ, nkwupụta na ụkpụrụ ndị ọzọ. A na-enweta ya site na ikike mmadụ na ọnọdụ ndụ zuru oke. Usoro nhicha dị irè na-enye ihe mgbochi n'etiti nsị na ụmụ mmadụ n'ụzọ ga-emebi usoro mbufe ọrịa (dịka ọmụmaatụ n'ihe gbasara ọrịa na-ebute nsị). A na-ahụ akụkụ a na F-diagram ebe ụzọ niile isi nke ọrịa fecal-oral na-amalite na mkpụrụedemede F: nsị, mkpịsị aka, ụmụ ahụhụ, ubi, mmiri, nri.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Conant|first=Jeff|title=Sanitation and Cleanliness for a Healthy Environment|date=2005|publisher=The Hesperian Foundation in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Sida|location=Berkeley, California, USA|url=http://www.unwater.org/downloads/EHB_Sanitation_EN_lowres.pdf}}</ref> A ghaghị ime ka akụrụngwa dị ọcha kwekọọ n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ ụfọdụ gụnyere atụmanya ndị na-azụ ahịa na ihe onwunwe mpaghara dịnụ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Nkà na ụzụ mkpofu nwere ike ịgụnye ihe owuwu injinia dị ka Usoro nsị, ọgwụgwọ nsị, nhazi nsị n'elu na ebe a na-ekpofu ihe. A na-emepụta ihe owuwu ndị a iji gwọọ mmiri na ihe mkpofu obodo. Nkà na ụzụ mkpocha nwekwara ike iwere ụdị usoro mkpocha dị mfe. Nke a nwere ike ịnwe n'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ ụlọ mposi dị mfe ma ọ bụ ụdị ụlọ mposi ndị ọzọ na-abụghị mmiri maka akụkụ njikwa nsị. Inye ndị mmadụ idebe ihe ọcha chọrọ nlebara anya na usoro ahụ dum, ọ bụghị naanị na-elekwasị anya n'akụkụ teknụzụ dị ka ụlọ mposi, njikwa nsị ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi mmiri. "Ụzọ mkpofu" na-agụnye ahụmịhe nke onye ọrụ, usoro Nchịkwa nsị na mmiri mkpofu, ibugharị na ọgwụgwọ nke ihe mkpofu, na iji ma ọ bụ kpochapụ. Ihe niile dị mkpa ka a tụlee ya nke ọma.<ref name="Tilley" /> === Mmetụta akụ na ụba === Uru ọha na eze nwere nke ijikwa nsị mmadụ buru ibu, maka ahụike ọha na eze yana maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka atụmatụ siri ike: Maka US $ 1 ọ bụla a na-emefu na nhicha, nloghachi na ọha mmadụ bụ US $ 5.50 .<ref>{{Cite book|author=WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme)|url=http://www.unwater.org/publications/publications-detail/en/c/853650/|title=The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017. Wastewater: The Untapped Resource|year=2017|isbn=978-92-3-100201-4|location=Paris}}</ref> : 2 : 2  Maka mba ndị na-emepe emepe, ego akụ na ụba nke enweghị ịdị ọcha zuru oke bụ nnukwu nchegbu. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dị ka nnyocha nke World Bank si kwuo, mmebi akụ na ụba n'ihi enweghị ịdị ọcha zuru oke na akụ na ụba India bụ 6.4% nke GDP ya.<ref name=":4">{{Cite book|author=WSP|title=The economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in India.|publisher=Water and Sanitation Programme, The World Bank|year=2011}}</ref> Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a bụ n'ihi ọnwụ mberede, oge furu efu na ịnweta, mmepụta ihe, ụgwọ ndị ọzọ maka nlekọta ahụike na ndị ọzọ.<ref name=":4" /> Enweghị ịdị ọcha zuru oke na-eduga na mfu site na ego njem nleta.<ref name=":4" /> Nnyocha a chọpụtakwara na mmetụta dị elu karịa maka ndị ogbenye, ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka. N'aka nke ọzọ, nnweta nke ụlọ mposi n'ụlọ na-enye aka n'ụzọ dị mma na ọdịmma akụ na ụba nke ụmụ nwanyị ka ọ na-eduga na mmụba nke ịgụ na ide na itinye aka na ndị ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Gius|first=Mark|date=2015|title=The Relationship between Inadequate Sanitation Facilities and the Economic Well-Being of Women in India|journal=Journal of Economics and Development Studies|volume=3|issue=1|doi=10.15640/jeds.v3n1a2|issn=2334-2382}}</ref> == Ụdị na echiche (maka njikwa nsị) == [[Faịlụ:Percentage_of_population_served_by_different_types_of_sanitation_systems.png|thumb|Percentage of population served by different types of sanitation systems<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.unwater.org/publications/publications-detail/en/c/853650/|title=The United Nations World Water Development Report 2017. Wastewater: The Untapped Resource|author=WWAP (United Nations World Water Assessment Programme)|year=2017|isbn=978-92-3-100201-4|location=Paris}}</ref>]] [[Faịlụ:Shower,_double-vault_urine-diverting_dry_toilet_(UDDT)_and_waterless_urinal_in_Lima,_Peru.jpg|thumb|Ihe atụ nke akụrụngwa dị ọcha: Ịsa ahụ, mposi abụọ na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ (UDDT) na mposi na-enweghị mmiri na Lima, Peru]] A na-ejikọta okwu ahụ dị ọcha na nkọwa ma ọ bụ adjectives dị iche iche iji gosipụta ụdị usoro ịdị ọcha ụfọdụ (nke nwere ike ịmekọrịta naanị njikwa [[Ihe mkpofu mmadụ|nsị mmadụ]] ma ọ bụ usoro ịdị ọcha dum, ya bụ, mmiri na-acha ntụ ntụ, mmiri ozuzo na njikwa ihe mkpofu siri ike) - n'usoro mkpụrụ akwụkwọ: === Idebe ihe ọcha === N'afọ 2017, [[Usoro Nlekọta Jikọrọ Aka maka Mmiri na Medo|JMP]] kọwara okwu ọhụrụ: "ọrụ mkpofu". A na-akọwa nke a dị ka ojiji nke ụlọ mposi ka mma nke na-esoghị n'ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ. A na-akpọ ọkwa dị ala ugbu a "ọrụ mkpofu dị oke ala" nke na-ezo aka n'iji ụlọ mkpofu dị mma nke ezinụlọ abụọ ma ọ bụ karịa na-ekerịta. === Mmiri dị ọcha nke na-adabere na container === {{Reflist}} === Mmiri dị ọcha nke obodo === <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Mmiri na-adịghị ọcha === Okwu ahụ bụ "ikpocha mmiri" anaghị eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, akọwaghịkwa ya nke ọma. Ọ na-ezo aka na usoro nke na-eji ụdị ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ na enweghị ihe mkpofu iji buru nsị. Ọtụtụ mgbe mgbe ndị mmadụ na-ekwu maka "ikpocha mmiri" ha na-ekwu na usoro mkpocha nke na-eji ụlọ mposi na-eme ka mmiri na-emebi mmiri (UDDTs). === Ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi ===   [[Faịlụ:Emergency_pit_lining_kits_by_Evenproducts_(6619616945).jpg|thumb|Ngwá ọrụ mkpuchi olulu mberede site na Evenproducts]] <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> === Ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi === Mmiri dị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi na-agụnye njikwa nke ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi ndị metụtara ọrịa. Akụkụ nke ụdị a bụ njikwa ihe mkpofu siri ike, mmiri na [[Mmiri mkpofu]], ọgwụgwọ Ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na njikwa mmetọ mkpọtụ. Dị ka ụlọ ọrụ [[Health|ahụike]] ụwa (WHO) si kwuo, akọwapụtara ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka njikwa nke ihe ndị ahụ niile dị na gburugburu ebe obibi nke na-enwe mmetụta na-emerụ ahụ na mmepe ahụike, ahụike na ndụ mmadụ. Otu n'ime ọrụ bụ isi nke ịdị ọcha gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ichebe ahụike ọha na eze. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> [[Faịlụ:Environmental_sanitation.jpg|thumb|Mmetụta dị ọcha nke gburugburu ebe obibi site n'aka onye otu NGO]] [[Faịlụ:Environmental_clean_up_in_UNN.jpg|thumb|Omume dị ọcha nke otu NGO haziri]] === Nchịkwa nsị === <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> === Imeziwanye na imeziwanye ịdị ọcha ===   === Enweghị ịdị ọcha === Enweghị ịdị ọcha na-ezo aka na enweghị ịdị ọcha. N'okwu ndị dị irè, ọ na-apụtakarị enweghị ụlọ mposi ma ọ bụ enweghị ụlọ mpụ dị ọcha nke onye ọ bụla ga-achọ iji n'afọ ofufo. Nsonaazụ nke enweghị ịdị ọcha na-abụkarị nsị na-emeghe (na nsị na oghe ma nke a anaghị echegbu onwe ya) na nsogbu ahụike ọha na eze siri ike.<ref name=":3">{{Cite journal|author=Mara|first=Duncan|date=2017|title=The elimination of open defecation and its adverse health effects: a moral imperative for governments and development professionals|url=http://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/7/1/1|journal=Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development|language=en|volume=7|issue=1|pages=1–12|doi=10.2166/washdev.2017.027|issn=2043-9083|accessdate=2017-08-17}}</ref> A na-eme atụmatụ na ijeri mmadụ 2.4 ka na-enweghị ụlọ mposi ka mma gụnyere nde mmadụ 660 na-enweghị mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma ka ọ na-erule afọ 2015.<ref name="sanitation">WHO and UNICEF ''[https://www.washdata.org/reports Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-water: 2015 Update] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212123015/https://washdata.org/reports|date=2021-02-12}}'', WHO, Geneva and UNICEF, New York</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/eib-big-ideas-on-water|accessdate=2020-12-07|year=2019|doi=10.2867/509830|language=en|author=European Investment Bank|publisher=Publications Office|isbn=978-92-861-4319-9}}</ref> A na-akọwa ịdị ọcha n'ebe ahụ (ma ọ bụ ịdị ọcha n"ebe ahụ) dị ka "usoro ịdị ọcha nke a na-anakọta [[Mmiri mkpofu|nsị]] na Mmiri na-adịghị mma ma chekwaa ma ọ bụ dozie ya na ogige ebe a na-emepụta ha". :: 173  Okwu ọzọ a na-eji maka otu usoro ahụ bụ usoro nhicha na-enweghị nsị (NSSS), nke jupụtara n'ọtụtụ mba. NSSS na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na njikwa dị nchebe nke nsị, na-aza ajụjụ maka ihe dịka ọkara nke usoro nhicha niile dị.<ref name=":1" /> Ọdịdị ọgwụgwọ nwere ike ịdịgasị iche, site na enweghị ruo n'ọkwa. Ihe atụ bụ ụlọ mposi (enweghị ọgwụgwọ) na tankị septic (ọgwụgwọ mbụ nke mmiri mkpofu). A na-ejikọkarị usoro nhicha dị n'ebe ahụ na usoro Nchịkwa nsị (FSM) ebe a na-agwọ nsị nke a na-emepụta n'ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ. A na-emepụta mmiri mkpofu (ihe nsị) naanị mgbe mmiri dị na paịpụ dị n'ime ụlọ ma ọ bụ na nso ha. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Okwu yiri ya bụ Usoro mmiri na-adịghị mma nke na-ezo aka karịsịa na akụkụ mmiri na-enweghị isi nke ịdị ọcha n'ebe ahụ. N'otu aka ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ nsị dị n'ebe ahụ nwere ike ịgwọ mmiri nsị a na-emepụta n'ógbè ahụ. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> A na-eme atụmatụ na ikuku methane zuru ụwa ọnụ sitere na NSSS na 2020 dị ka 377 Mt CO2e kwa afọ ma ọ bụ 4.7% nke ikuku methane sitere n'ụwa niile, nke a pụrụ iji tụnyere ikuku gas na-ekpo ọkụ site na ụlọ ọrụ nhicha mmiri. Nke a pụtara na ikuku GHG sitere na NSSS bụ isi iyi na-enweghị isi.<ref name=":1" /> === Nlekọta dị mma === [[Faịlụ:Share_of_population_using_safely_managed_sanitation_facilities,_OWID.svg|thumb|Share of population using safely managed sanitation facilities in 2022]] [[Faịlụ:Proportion_of_population_with_basic_handwashing_facilities_on_premises,_OWID.svg|alt=|thumb|Ọnụ ọgụgụ ebe ịsa aka n'ụwa, 2022]] Nlekọta dị ọcha bụ ọkwa kachasị elu nke ịdị ọcha n'ụlọ nke atụmatụ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke 6 chepụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=Joint Monitoring Programme of UNICEF and WHO|title=JMP - Sanitation|url=https://washdata.org/monitoring/sanitation|accessdate=25 February 2021|work=washdata.org|archivedate=21 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210721181243/https://washdata.org/monitoring/sanitation}}</ref> A na-atụle ya n'okpuru Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, Indicator 6.2.1, dị ka "ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị mmadụ na-eji (a) ọrụ nhicha na (b) ụlọ ịsa aka na ncha na mmiri". <ref name="unwater">{{Cite web|title=Indicator 6.2.1 - Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a handwashing facility with soap and water|url=https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator-621/|work=sdg6monitoring.org|publisher=UN Water|accessdate=25 February 2021|archivedate=3 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303212826/https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator-621/}}</ref> Ọnụ ego dị ugbu a na atụmatụ 2024 nke United Nations bụ na ijeri mmadụ 3.4 enweghị usoro nhicha.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Martin|title=Water and Sanitation|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/|accessdate=2025-08-13|work=United Nations Sustainable Development|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-akọwa ịdị ọcha a na-achịkwa n'ụzọ dị mma dị ka ụlọ ọrụ dị ọcha nke a na-ejikọghị ya na ezinụlọ ndị ọzọ, na ebe a na-edozi ma tụfuo nsị a na-emepụta n'ebe ahụ, na-echekwa ya nwa oge wee tụfuo ya ma buru ya gaa ọgwụgwọ n'èzí, ma ọ bụ na-ebugharị ya site na nsị nwere mmiri nsị wee gwọọ ya n'èbe.<ref name="unwater">{{Cite web|title=Indicator 6.2.1 - Proportion of population using safely managed sanitation services, including a handwashing facility with soap and water|url=https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator-621/|work=sdg6monitoring.org|publisher=UN Water|accessdate=25 February 2021|archivedate=3 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303212826/https://www.sdg6monitoring.org/indicator-621/}}</ref> N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, usoro nhicha dị n'enweghị nsogbu bụ ọrụ nhicha dị mkpa ebe a na-atụfu nsị n'enweghị ihe mgbochi n'ebe ahụ ma ọ bụ buru ya ma gwọọ ya n'ebe ọzọ. === Idebe ihe ọcha === {{Reflist}} == Ụdị, echiche na usoro ndị ọzọ == {{owidslider|start=2021|list=Template:OWID/death rate from unsafe sanitation gbd#gallery|location=commons|caption=|title=|language=|file=[[File:Death rate from unsafe sanitation gbd, World, 2021 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.6|Death rate from unsafe sanitation gbd]]|startingView=World}} [[Faịlụ:Wonga_wetlands_sewage_plant.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi nsị, [[Ostraliya|Australia]].]] Nchịkwa mmiri mkpofu na-agụnye nchịkọta, ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu (ma ọ bụ mmiri mkpofu nke obodo ma ọ bụ nke ụlọ ọrụ), mkpofu ma ọ bụ iji mmiri mkpofu a na-edozi eme ihe. A na-akpọkwa nke ikpeazụ dị ka mmiri mkpocha. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Sanitation systems in urban areas of developed countries usually consist of the collection of [[Mmiri mkpofu|wastewater]] in gravity driven sewers, its treatment in wastewater treatment plants for reuse or disposal in rivers, lakes or the sea. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Na Mba ndị na-emepe emepe, a ka na-ewepụ ọtụtụ mmiri na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nallapaneni Sasidhar|year=2026|url=https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/wp-content/uploads/papers/v6i1/A187206010526.pdf|title=Economically Viable Nature-based Sewage Treatment Method by Using Life Cycles of Mosquitoes and Non-biting Midges|publisher=Indian Journal of Environment Engineering}}</ref> Ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ka usoro nsị dị n'etiti gụnyere ịdị ọcha n'ebe ahụ, usoro mmiri nsị dị iche iche, Ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ ejikọtara na njikwa nsị. === Mmiri mmiri ozuzo ===   A na-ejikọta [[Mmiri mkpofu|nsị]] na nsị Mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ kewapụ ha dị ka nsị mmiri. A na-ahụkarị nsị ndị a jikọtara ọnụ n'etiti, akụkụ ochie ma ọ bụ obodo ukwu. [[Ifufe|Mmiri ozuzo]] siri ike na mmezi ezughi oke nwere ike iduga na ngụkọta nke nsị ma ọ bụ nsị nsị dị ọcha, ya bụ, a na-ewepụ nsị na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụlọ ọrụ na-ewepụkarị mmiri nsị n'ime ụlọ mposi obodo, nke nwere ike ime ka ọgwụgwọ mmiri nsị dị mgbagwoju anya ọ gwụla ma ụlọ ọrụ na-edozi mmiri ha.{{owidslider|start=2021|list=Template:OWID/death rate from unsafe sanitation gbd#gallery|location=commons|caption=|title=|language=|file=[[File:Death rate from unsafe sanitation gbd, World, 2021 (cropped).svg|link=|thumb|upright=1.6|Death rate from unsafe sanitation gbd]]|startingView=World}} [[Faịlụ:Israel_hiriya.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Hiriya Landfill, [[Israel]].]] A na-atụfu [[Ihe mkpofu siri ike nke obodo|Ihe mkpofu siri ike]] n'[[Ebe mkpofu ahịhịa|ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa]], mana ọkụ, imegharị ihe, composting na ntụgharị gaa na biofuels bụkwa ụzọ. N'ihe banyere ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa, mba ndị dị elu na-enwekarị usoro iwu siri ike maka mkpuchi ala kwa ụbọchị, ebe Mba ndị na-emepebeghị emepe na-adabere na usoro iwu siri oke. Mkpa nke mkpuchi kwa ụbọchị dị na mbelata nke njikọ vector na mgbasa nke pathogens. Ihe mkpuchi kwa ụbọchị na-ebelata ikuku na-esi ísì ma belata ihe mkpofu ikuku na-ebugharị. N'otu aka ahụ, mba ndị mepere emepe na-enwekarị ihe achọrọ maka imechi gburugburu ebe a na-ekpofu ahịhịa na ụdị ala ụrọ iji belata mbugharị nke leachate nke nwere ike imerụ Mmiri dị n'okpuru ala (ma si otú a mee ka ụfọdụ [[Mmịrị ọṅụṅụ|mmiri ọṅụṅụ]] dị n'ihe ize ndụ). Maka nhọrọ ọkụ, ntọhapụ nke mmetọ ikuku, gụnyere ụfọdụ ihe na-egbu egbu bụ nsonaazụ ọjọọ. Recycling na biofuel ntụgharị bụ nhọrọ na-adịgide adịgide nke na-enwekarị ọnụahịa ndụ dị elu, ọkachasị mgbe a na-atụle nsonaazụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọnụ ahịa composting ga-emesị bụrụ nke ahịa chọrọ maka ngwaahịa compost. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === Nchebe Nri === [[Faịlụ:Canteen_kitchen.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ebe a na-akwadebe nri n'Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ nke oge a.]] {{excerpt|Container-based sanitation|paragraphs=1|file=no}}Nlekọta n'ime ụlọ ọrụ nri pụtara ọgwụgwọ zuru oke nke ebe nri na-emetụ aka site na usoro nke dị irè n'ibibi mkpụrụ ndụ ahịhịa nke microorganisms nke dị mkpa maka ahụike ọha na eze, yana ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke microorganismes ndị ọzọ a na-achọghị, mana na-enweghị mmetụta ọjọọ na nri ma ọ bụ nchekwa ya maka ndị na-azụ ahịa (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Code of Federal Regulations, 21CFR110, USA). Usoro Ọrụ nke Sanitation Standard bụ iwu maka ụlọ ọrụ nri na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]. N'otu aka ahụ, na Japan, a ga-enweta ịdị ọcha nri site n'ịgbaso iwu ịdị ọcha nri.<ref name="fslj">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/market/regulations/pdf/food-e.pdf|title=Food Sanitation Law in Japan|author=Japan External Trade Organization|authorlink=Japan External Trade Organization|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080409155125/http://www.jetro.go.jp/en/market/regulations/pdf/food-e.pdf|archivedate=9 April 2008|accessdate=1 March 2008}}</ref> N'ime ụlọ ọrụ nri na biopharmaceutical, okwu ahụ bụ "ngwá ọrụ dị ọcha" pụtara ngwá ọrụ nke nwere ike ịsacha kpamkpam site na iji usoro dị ọcha (CIP) na usoro sterilization-in-place (SIP): nke ahụ nwere ike ịpụ kpamkpam na ngwọta nhicha na mmiri ndị ọzọ. Nhazi ahụ kwesịrị ịnwe obere ụkwụ nwụrụ anwụ, ma ọ bụ ebe ọgba aghara n'oge nhicha ezughi ezu iji wepụ ngwaahịa. N'ozuzu, iji melite ịdị ọcha, a na-eji Stainless Steel 316L, (ngwakọta nwere obere molybdenum) emepụta ngwá ọrụ a. A na-ejikarị eletropole elu ya ruo n'ókè dị irè nke na-erughị 0.5 micrometer iji belata ohere nke njikọ nje bacteria. === Nkwalite ịdị ọcha === {{excerpt|Community-led total sanitation|paragraphs=1|file=no}} [[Faịlụ:Hygiene_education.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Mmụta ịdị ọcha (na Ịsa aka kwesịrị ekwesị) na [[Afghanistan]]]] N'ọtụtụ ntọala, inye naanị ụlọ mposi anaghị ekwe nkwa ahụike dị mma nke ndị mmadụ. Nnyocha atụwo aro na mmetụta nke omume ịdị ọcha nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọrịa ndị metụtara ịdị ọcha dị ka inye ihe ndị dị ọcha. N'ihi ya, nkwalite ịdị ọcha bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke ịdị ọcha ma na-abụkarị isi ihe na-eme ka ahụike dị mma.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Reed|first=Brian|title=Managing hygiene promotion in WASH programmes|publisher=Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), Loughborough University|year=2014|isbn=978-1-84380-168-9|location=Leicestershire, UK}}</ref> Nkwalite ịdị ọcha bụ usoro a haziri ahazi iji mee ka ndị mmadụ mee ihe ma gbanwee omume ha iji belata na / ma ọ bụ gbochie ihe ndị metụtara [[WASH]]" id="mwAn8" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="WASH">mmiri, ịdị ọcha na ịdị ọcha (WASH) <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021|title=2021 water, sanitation and hygiene barometer|url=https://www.solidarites.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/water-barometer-2021.pdf|work=SOLIDARITÉS INTERNATIONAL|accessdate=2021-04-13|archivedate=2021-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325000242/https://www.solidarites.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/water-barometer-2021.pdf}}</ref> . Ọ na-agụnyekarị usoro itinye aka nke itinye ndị nnọchiteanya na mmadụ n'ọrụ iji were ọrụ na akụrụngwa WASH gụnyere ọrụ ya na mmezi ya. Ihe atọ dị mkpa nke ịkwalite ịdị ọcha bụ; ịkekọrịta ozi na ihe ọmụma, ịhazi obodo ndị metụtara na inye ihe na ihe ndị dị mkpa. [[Faịlụ:F-diagram-01.jpg|thumb|"F-diagram" (nri, mkpịsị aka, ụmụ ahụhụ, ubi, mmiri, nri), na-egosi ụzọ ọrịa na-efe efe. Ahịrị ndị na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-egosi ihe mgbochi: ụlọ mposi, mmiri dị mma, ịdị ọcha na Ịsa aka.]] {{excerpt|Ecological sanitation|paragraphs=1|file=no}}{{Excerpt|Improved sanitation|paragraphs=1|file=no}} == Akụkụ gburugburu ebe obibi == === Ihe ndị na-egosi ihe ndị dị ndụ === Mgbe a na-enyocha ihe nlele gburugburu ebe obibi, a na-eji ụdị ihe dị iche iche na-egosi ihe iji chọpụta mmetọ nsị nke ihe nlele ahụ. Ihe ngosi ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka Nnyocha mmiri nje nje bacteria gụnyere nje bacteria ''Escherichia coli'' (nke a na-akpọ ''E. coli) '' na fecal coliforms na-abụghị kpọmkwem. Banyere ihe nlele nke ala, nsị, ihe ndị dị ndụ ma ọ bụ ihe nsị sitere na Ụlọ mposi kpọrọ nkụ, àkwá helminth bụ ihe ngosi a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Site na nyocha nke àkwá helminth, a na-ewepụta àkwá site na sample ahụ mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a na'eme nnọchi anya steeti na-anọchite anya mpaghara wale iji mee ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti àkwá dị irè na nke na-adịghị adị. A na-agụta akụkụ dị irè nke àkwá helminth na sample ahụ. == Mgbanwe ihu igwe == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> == Usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ == === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ na-adịgide adịgide 6 === <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles> [[Faịlụ:Sustainable_Development_Goal_6.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|United Nations SDG 6 Logo]] N'afọ 2016, Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe ụwa-adịgide adịgide nọchiri Ihe mgbaruzu mmepe nke puku afọ. Idebe ihe dị ọcha bụ ihe kachasị mkpa maka mmepe zuru ụwa ọnụ ma gụnye [[Sustainable Development Goal 6|Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide 6]] (SDG 6). Ebumnuche bụ maka "mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha maka mmadụ niile" site na 2030.<ref name="SDG6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/|title=Goal 6: Ensure access to water and sanitation for all|accessdate=2017-11-17|archivedate=2019-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416212832/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/}}</ref> A na-eme nke a na-akpọkwa nke e atụmatụ na nde mmadụ 660 ka na-enweghị mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị mma ka ọ na-erule afọ 2015.<ref name="sanitation">WHO and UNICEF ''[https://www.washdata.org/reports Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-water: 2015 Update] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212123015/https://washdata.org/reports|date=2021-02-12}}'', WHO, Geneva and UNICEF, New York</ref><ref name=":5">{{Cite book|title=On Water|url=https://www.eib.org/en/publications/eib-big-ideas-on-water|accessdate=2020-12-07|year=2019|doi=10.2867/509830|language=en|author=European Investment Bank|publisher=Publications Office|isbn=978-92-861-4319-9}}</ref> Kemgbe ọrịa COVID-19 na 2020, ọgụ maka mmiri dị ọcha na ịdị ọcha dị mkpa karịa mgbe ọ bụla. Ịsa aka bụ otu n'ime ụzọ mgbochi a na-ahụkarị maka Coronavirus, ma mmadụ abụọ n'ime mmadụ ise enweghị ohere ịnweta ebe ịsa aka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=UN|title=Water and Sanitation|url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/|accessdate=2021-01-04|work=United Nations Sustainable Development|language=en-US|archivedate=2019-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190416212832/https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Ring-slab_latrine_in_Kalibari_community_in_Mymensingh,_Bangladesh.jpg|thumb|Example for lack of sanitation: Unhygienic pit latrine with ring slab in Kalibari community in Mymensingh, Bangladesh]] Òtù [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu]], n'oge Nzukọ Millennium na New York na 2000 na Nzukọ Ụwa nke 2002 na Mmepe Na-adịgide adịgide na Johannesburg, mepụtara Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) nke e mere iji kpochapụ ịda ogbenye na mmepe na-adịgide. Ebumnuche nke ịdị ọcha maka afọ 2015 bụ iji ọkara belata ọnụ ọcha na-agụnye gụgụ ndị na-enweghị [[Mmịrị ọṅụṅụ|mmiri ọṅụṅụ]] na ịdị ọcha n'afọ 1990. Dị ka JMP na United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report na 2006 gosipụtara, ọganihu na-ezute ebumnuche nke ịdị ọcha nke MDG dị nwere ayọ, yana nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'etiti mkpuchi ebumnuche na eziokwu dị ugbu a. [[Faịlụ:Drive_to_2015_campaign_logo_(6765627649).jpg|thumb|Logo gbanwere nke International Year of Sanitation, nke e ji mee ihe na UN Drive ruo 2015 campaign logo]] N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2006, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu kwupụtara afọ 2008 "Afọ Mba Nile nke Ịdị ọcha", iji kwado ọganihu dị nwayọ a na-eme maka ebumnuche nke ịdị ọcha MDGs.<ref name="Kurian and McCarney">{{Cite book|url=https://www.springer.com/978-90-481-9424-7|title=Peri-urban Water and Sanitation Services|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]]|year=2010|doi=10.1007/978-90-481-9425-4|isbn=978-90-481-9424-7|accessdate=2017-09-11|editor=Kurian}}</ref> Ebumnuche nke afọ ahụ bụ ịzụlite mmata na ihe ndị ọzọ iji mezuo ebumnuch nse ahụ. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe kpatara na ahu a ọdịiche a. Otu isi bụ na a naghị enyefe ịdị ọcha nlebara anya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na isiokwu ndị ọzọ n'agbanyeghị mkpa ọ dị. Idebe Mmiri adịghị elu na atụmatụ mmepe mba ụwa, a na-ekwukwa ọrụ ndị metụtara ọrụ inye mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Abellán|first=Javier|date=2022|title=Promoting global access to water and sanitation: A supply and demand perspective|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358066020|journal=Water Resources and Economics|language=en|volume=38|issue=|doi=10.1016/j.wre.2022.100194}}</ref> Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation nke WHO na UNICEF (JMP)anọwo na-ebipụta anọwo na-ebipụta akụkọ nke atụmatụ emelitere kwa afọ abụọ na ojiji nke ụdị mmiri ọṅụṅụ dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ nhicha na mba, mpaghara na ụwa. Akụkọ JMP maka afọ 2015 kwuru na: <ref name="sanitation">WHO and UNICEF ''[https://www.washdata.org/reports Progress on Sanitation and Drinking-water: 2015 Update] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212123015/https://washdata.org/reports|date=2021-02-12}}'', WHO, Geneva and UNICEF, New York</ref> * N'agbata afọ 1990 na afọ 2015, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị na-eme nsị n'èzí belatara site na 38% ruo 25% n'ụwa niile. Ihe na-erughị otu ijeri mmadụ (946 nde) ka na-eme nsị n'ụwa niile na 2015. * 82% nke ndị bi n'obodo ukwu zuru ụwa ọnụ, na 51% nke ndị bi na ime obodo na-eji ụlọ mposi ka mma na 2015, dịka nkọwa JMP nke "mposi ka mma". === Omume iji kwalite ịdị ọcha === N'afọ 2011, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation malitere "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" iji kwalite ụzọ dị nchebe, nke dị irè iji gwọọ ihe mkpofu mmadụ. Usoro ihe omume nke mmemme a bụ ịmepụta teknụzụ nke Nke ahụ ike inyere aka dozie ọdịiche dị n'etiti ịdị ọcha zuru ụwa ọnụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ Omni Processor, ma ọ bụ teknụzụ maka njikwa nsị). N'afọ 2015, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation bipụtara "Mmiri, ịdị ọcha, na mmelite atụmatụ ịdị ọcha" nke akpọrọ "Mkpa iwu maka ịdị ọcha". Ihe ọhụrụ na mpaghara nke ịdị ọcha nke ahụike ọha na eze na a eze, ugbu a na-anwale, gụnyere - iji 'ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya na-emepụta aka'; 'imeziwanye ụlọ mposi ọhụrụ'; na 'ikpocha nke na-adabere na container'. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ụlọ ọrụ ahụike ọha na eze nke United States anabatala atụmatụ atọ ahụ. === Mmepe ikike === A na-ewere Mmepe ikike dị ka usoro dị mkpa iji nweta ọganihu na ngalaba nhicha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na India, e mere ikpo okwu Sanitation Capacity Building (SCBP) iji "kwado ma wuo ikike nke obodo / obodo iji hazie ma tinye n'ọrụ ngwọta nke ịdị ọcha" na ego nke Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation site na 2015 ruo 2022.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About SCBP {{!}} SCBP|url=http://www.niua.org/scbp/?q=content/about-scbp|accessdate=2021-06-09|work=www.niua.org|archivedate=2021-08-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210803194142/https://www.niua.org/scbp/?q=content/about-scbp}}</ref> Nsonaazụ sitere na ọrụ a gosipụtara na mmepe ikike kachasị mma na-eme n'ọrụ na n'omenala nzukọ mmụta. N'ime atụmanya matụ mmepe ikike gọọmentị, ọ dị oke mkpa inwe iwu na ego mmemme iji sụgharịa ntinye mmepe ikike n'ime mmemme na mmepe obodo site na ụta akụrụngwa. Mmepe ikike na-ezube inye ndị ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ike, mepụta usoro mmụta, ọdịnaya mmụta na usoro ọzụzụ, yana mmekọrịta siri ike na ụlọ ọrụ mmụta.<ref name=":42" /> Capacity Development Effectiveness Ladder Framework (CDEL) na-akọwa nzọụkwụ ise dị mkpa maka itinye aka na mmepe ikike: Ịmepụta ọdịnaya mmụta mbụ, mmekọrịta maka mmụta na mgbasa ozi, usoro mmụta, ịhụ mgbanwe na imepụta ihe ngwọta, onyinye maka okwu mmepe ikike. <ref name=":42" /> == Ihe Ndị Na-efu == E mere nnyocha na 2018 iji tụnyere ọnụahịa ndụ nke usoro nhicha zuru oke n'obodo ndị na-emepe emepe nke Africa na Eshia. Ọ chọpụtara na usoro nsị ndị a na-ahụkarị bụ n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ nhọrọ mkpofu kachasị ọnụ, na-esote, n'usoro ọnụahịa, usoro mkpofu nke gụnyere tankị septic, ụlọ mposi ikuku ka mma (VIP), ụlọ mposi na-adọba mmiri na ụlọ mposi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|author=Daudey|first=Loïc|date=2018|title=The cost of urban sanitation solutions: a literature review|journal=Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development|language=en|volume=8|issue=2|pages=176–195|doi=10.2166/washdev.2017.058|issn=2043-9083}}</ref> Ihe ndị bụ isi na-ekpebi mmefu ego nke ime obodo gụnyere: Ụdị teknụzụ, ọrụ, ihe onwunwe na ọnụahịa, njupụta, ọdịdị ala, ọkwa ọrụ nke usoro ime ụlọ, ọnọdụ ala, ọnụahị a ike na ndị ọzọ (ebe dị anya na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri, ihu igwe, njedebe nke ngwaahịa hịa ọgwụgwọ, ụdị azụmahịa, ịdị elu nke tebụl mmiri). <ref name=":0" /> Ụfọdụ òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ụlọ mposi anwalewo ụlọ mposi na-achịkwa obodo nke ezinụlọ nwere ike ikpuchi ụgwọ owuwu na mmezi ya. Otu nnyocha nke yocha nke Mumbai informal settlements chọpụtara na US $ 1.58 kwa okenye ga-ezu maka owuwu, na ihe na-egbu -erughị US $ 1 / ezinụlọ / ọnwa ga-ezu maka mmezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Patel|first=Sheela|date=2015-04-01|title=The 20-year sanitation partnership of Mumbai and the Indian Alliance|journal=Environment and Urbanization|language=en|volume=27|issue=1|pages=55–72|doi=10.1177/0956247815569698|issn=0956-2478}}</ref> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>Obodo ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịmalite naanị ebe mmiri dị ọcha dị n'elu dị ọtụtụ, dị ka n'akụkụ [[osimiri]] ma ọ bụ isi iyi. N'akụkọ ihe mere eme niile, ndebirị mmadụ emepụ tala usoro iji nweta mmiri iri n'ime obodo na ezinụlọ ha, na iji kpochapụ (ma mesịa gwọọ) mmiri nsị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.academia.edu/22932774|title=The Art of Plumbing as Recorded through History|work=www.academia.edu|accessdate=2016-03-10|archivedate=2020-04-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200409140553/https://www.academia.edu/22932774}}</ref> Ihe a na-elekwasị anya ya n'ịgwọ nsị n'oge e ahụ bụ ibufe nsị na mmiri sitere n'okike, dịka a osimiri ma ọ bụ [[Oke Òrìmìlì|oké osimiri]], ebe a ga-agbanye ya ma kpochapụ ya. The Sanitation in the Indus Valley Civilization in Asia bụ ihe atụ nke inye mmiri ọha na eze na ịdị ọcha na-agụnye n'oge Bronze Age (3300-1300 BCE). Idebe Oge Ọcha na Rom oge ochie dị nnọọ ukwuu. Usoro ndị a nwere mmiri na-emebi si na nkume na oasis i na-anakọta ma wepụ mmiri na-adịghị mma mma n'ebe e ndị mmadụ bi - lee ihe atụ Cloaca Maxima n'ime Osimiri Tiber na Rom. E wuru ụlọ mposi mbụ nke Rom oge ochie n'etiti 800 na 735 BCE. == Site na mba == {{Excerpt|Sustainable sanitation|paragraphs=1|file=no}}E nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị na-etinye aka na ngalaba nke ịdị ọcha, dịka ọmụmaatụ n'akụkụ teknụzụ na ọrụ: ndị ọrụ ịdị ọcha, Ndị na-anakọta ihe mkpofu, ndị injinia dị ọcha. == Hụkwa == == Ihe odide == == Njikọ mpụga == *   * [http://www.susana.org Njikọ Na-adịgide Adịgide Na-eme Ka Ịdị Na Nche] * [https://www.unep.org/resources/publication/sanitation-and-wastewater-atlas-africa Nchịkọta na Mmiri Waste Atlas nke Africa] * Florence Nightingale (1863), Sanitary Statistics of Native Colonial Schools and Hospitals''[[gutenberg:52653|Statistics Sanitary nke Native Colonial Schools na Hospitals]]'' [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] rvz62hiyhlemg007dfx6v1cn6sw0fbd 0 30754 656672 538587 2026-06-22T15:34:00Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   '''Abimbola Oluwafemi''' DaramolaListeni (amụrụ na 9 Nọvemba 1967) bụ onye sayensị [[Naijiria]]<ref>{{Cite web|author=National Assembly|title=HON. DARAMOLA ABIMBOLA OLUWAFEMI|url=http://www.nassnig.org/nass2/portfolio/profile.php?id=HON.%20ABIMBOLA%20OLUWAFEMI%20DARAMOLA|year=2011}}</ref> na [[Ndị Naijiria|onye]] omeiwu na House of Representatives of Nigeria, na-anọchite anya Ekiti North Federal Constituency, [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti]] State, South-West Nigeria kemgbe 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Bimbo Daramola – Channels Television|url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/bimbo-daramola/|accessdate=2020-10-07}}</ref> == Oge ọ malitere == A mụrụ Bimbo Daramola na [[Ado Ekiti]], [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti Steeti]] n'ezinụlọ Francis Adebayo Daramola, onye bụbu onyeisi oche (Major) nke Oye Local Government Area mgbe Oye Local Government Zone nọ n'okpuru Ondo State, nke gọọmentị ndị agha nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nke General [[Sani Abacha]] duziri n'oge ahụ kpụrụ Ekiti Steet na 1996.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ekiti State Government|title=Oye Local Government Area|url=http://www.ekitistate.gov.ng/administration/local-govt/oye-lga/?wpmp_switcher1|accessdate=2023-10-01|archivedate=2016-12-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161226054347/http://ekitistate.gov.ng/administration/local-govt/oye-lga/?wpmp_switcher1}}</ref> == Mmụta == Daramola malitere agụmakwụkwọ ya na Emmanuel Anglican Primary School, Ado-Ekiti na St. Joseph Primary School. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Christ's School Ado Ekiti, nke Archdeacon Henry Dallimore guzobere.<ref>{{Cite web|title=History of Christ School, Ado Ekiti|url=http://www.christsschoolado.net/history|accessdate=1 August 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130716051248/http://www.christsschoolado.net/history|archivedate=16 July 2013}}</ref> Ọ gụrụ Geology na 1984 na Mahadum Ondo State nke oge ahụ, nke a gbanwere aha ya ka ọ bụrụ Mahadum Ado Ekiti, ma ugbu a Mahadum Ekiti State. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1989 ma mesịa ziga ya na Kaduna State, North West Nigeria, ebe o sonyere na otu afọ National Youth Service Corps na Water Survey (Nig) Ltd. O nwetara nzere masta ya na Business Administration, na [[Mahadum nke Ilorin]] n'afọ 1995. == Ọrụ == Daramola malitere ọrụ ya na Water Survey (Nig.) Limited mgbe ọ nọ na atụmatụ NYSC na Kaduna tupu ọ banye Savannah Bank na 1993 dị ka onye na-echekwa ego.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-10-31|title=Fayemi's Ekiti cargo airport, Lagos liaison office misplaced priorities –Ex-rep, Daramola|url=https://punchng.com/fayemis-ekiti-cargo-airport-lagos-liaison-office-misplaced-priorities-ex-rep-daramola/|accessdate=2022-06-20|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Daramola so guzobe Rucie Communications wee bụrụ osote onye isi nchịkwa ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Why Ekiti Indegenes Renew Call To Bring Back BIMBO DARAMOLA|url=http://www.modernghana.com/news/192604/why-ekiti-indegenes-renew-call-to-bring-back-bimbo-daramola.html|accessdate=2022-06-20|work=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara ihe ngosi, nke akpọrọ From Prison to Presidency, nke kọrọ akụkọ ndụ, oge na ọrụ nke onye bụbu onye isi ala [[Olusegun Obasanjo]]. Daramola bụ onye isi ọrụ nke The Bridge Concepts Nigeria Limited ma ọ bụ onye na-eme nzukọ nke One Unite Africa na Nigeria Skit Industry Awards<ref>{{Cite web|title=African Leaders' Silence Over Plot To Depopulate Black Continent Worrisome – Daramola|url=https://independent.ng/african-leaders-silence-over-plot-to-depopulate-black-continent-worrisome-daramola/|accessdate=2021-11-29|work=Independent Newspaper Nigeria|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-11-07|title=Nigeria Skits Industry Awards gets presidential endorsement|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/nigeria-skits-industry-awards-gets-presidential-endorsement/|accessdate=2021-11-26|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ajibulu|first=Emmanuel|date=2017-11-10|title=A tribute to Congressman Bimbo Daramola @ 50|url=https://orderpaper.ng/tribute-congressman-bimbo-daramola-50/|accessdate=2022-06-20|work=Order Paper}}</ref> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == N'afọ 1998, Daramola zutere otu ndị otu [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] Campaign Organization nke na-ahụ maka nhazi mkpọsa nke Asiwaju [[Bola Tinubu]] onye na-asọ mpi maka oche gọvanọ nke [[Ȯra Lagos|Lagos]] State n'okpuru ikpo okwu nke Alliance for Democracy iji nyochaa iji bọọdụ ego mkpanaka maka mkpọsa ya ma wegara atụmatụ mkpọsa mkpanaka ya na ndị otu mkpọsa nke onye a ka ga-ahọpụta n'oge ahụ bụ onye na-achọ ịbụ onye isi ala nke People's Democratic Party.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-10-24|title=DARAMOLA: Why Mandela wanted me to marry his secretary|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/10/daramola-mandela-wanted-marry-secretary/|accessdate=2022-06-20|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ndị otu ahụ nabatara aro ya ma "site na njikọ" ọ ghọrọ onye otu PDP.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Daniel Kanu|title=Why I dumped Obasanjo for Atiku–Daramola|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/02/why-i-dumped-obasanjo-for-atiku-daramola/|work=Daily Independence|date=17 February 2013|accessdate=9 August 2013}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, Action Congress of Nigeria họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-azọ oche nke mpaghara ya, Ekiti North 1 (Oye-Ikole Local Govt. Mpaghara) Federal Constituency, nke ọ meriri. == Ọrụ iwu == Daramola ṅụrụ iyi dị ka onye otu, House of Representatives, na-anọchite anya Oye/Ikole [[Ȯra Ekiti|Ekiti]]-North Federal Constituency 1, Ekiti State, na Mọnde, 6 June 2011 n'oge emeghe ụlọ nke asaa nke ndị nnọchi anya. Ọ bụ osote onye isi oche nke Kọmitii nke House of Representatives' Committee on Millennium Development Goals, na onye otu kọmitii ndị na-esonụ nke House of representatives: Army, Banking & Currency, Civil Society and Donor Agencies, and Diaspora.<ref>{{Cite web|author=National Assembly|title=HON. DARAMOLA ABIMBOLA OLUWAFEMI|url=http://www.nassnig.org/nass2/portfolio/profile.php?id=HON.%20ABIMBOLA%20OLUWAFEMI%20DARAMOLA|year=2011}}</ref> Daramola kwagara ihe omume akpọrọ Emerging Threats to Nigeria's Internal Security and the Need for the Establishment of Department of Homeland Security, iji dozie ''egwu'' nke ihe ịma aka nchekwa na-eche Nigeria ihu, dịka òtù Boko Haram si kwuo.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Clifford Udujihe|title=We need more will than dialogue to tackle insecurity – Rep Daramola|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/we-need-more-will-than-dialogue-to-tackle-insecurity-rep-daramola/|quote=... That was the very first motion of the Seventh Assembly of the House of Representatives and I moved it. I remembered that people were like 'is this man a ranking member?'|date=14 March 2013}}</ref> Daramola mere atụmatụ ịchọpụta nkwupụta nke ụlọ ọrụ Asset Management Company nke Naijiria na 140.9 ijeri Naira (ihe dị ka US $ 1 ijeri), nke Zenon Petroleum na Gas Limited na Forte Oil Plc ji ụgwọ n'ihi aghụghọ enyemaka mmanụ. E guzobere kọmitii ad hoc, nke Femi Gbajabiamila duziri iji nyochaa nkwupụta ịkwụ ụgwọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|author=John Ameh|title=Reps Panel to Probe N140.9bn|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/otedola/|work=Punch|date=12 October 2012}}</ref> Ụlọ Ndị Nnọchiteanya họpụtara Daramola ka ọ bụrụ onye isi kọmitii ad hoc iji nyochaa nkesa ala nye ụlọ ọrụ na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na Federal Capital Territory (FCT) na ikpe ndị nwere ike ịbụ aghụghọ na usoro ahụ site na 2010 ruo taa.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Jacob Segun Olatunji, Kolawole Daniel|title=Lawmakers to probe land allocations in FCT from 2010 till date|url=http://tribune.com.ng/news2013/index.php/en/news/item/17609-lawmakers-to-probe-land-allocations-in-fct-from-2010-till-date.html|work=Tribune|date=25 July 2013|accessdate=8 September 2013}}</ref> === Tebụl mmegharị a kwagara na ụgwọ Daramola gosipụtara === {| class="wikitable" !S/Mba !Ụbọchị !Aha nke Motion/Bill |- |1. |20 June 2011 |Egwu na-apụta na Nchebe Obodo Naịjirịa na mkpa ọ dị iguzobe Ngalaba Nchebe Ala<ref>{{Cite news|title=We need more will than dialogue to tackle insecurity – Rep Daramola|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2013/03/we-need-more-will-than-dialogue-to-tackle-insecurity-rep-daramola/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Bimbo Daramola|title=Insecurity and Challenges of Good Governance in Nigeria|url=http://bimbodaramola.com/insecurity-and-challenges-of-good-governance-in-nigeria-bimbo-daramola/|accessdate=2023-10-01|archivedate=2013-07-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130725025741/http://bimbodaramola.com/insecurity-and-challenges-of-good-governance-in-nigeria-bimbo-daramola/}}</ref> |- |2. |6 Ọktoba 2011 |Nkwupụta banyere 'mkpa dị mkpa iji nyochaa N30bn National Identity Card Scheme Project nke gọọmentị etiti'<ref>{{Cite news|author=Adesua Tsan|title=Reps To FG: Suspend N30bn National ID Card Project|url=http://leadership.ng/nga/articles/6166/2011/10/07/reps_fg_suspend_n30bn_national_id_card_project.html|work=Leadership|date=7 October 2011}}</ref> |- |3. |29 Febụwarị 2012 |Nkwupụta maka ileghara ikike nke ndị Naijiria anya site n'aka ndị ọrụ ụgbọelu na Naijiria na mkpa ọ dị ime ka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ elu gbasoo ụkpụrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na omume kachasị mma gbasara ọdịmma ndị ahịa |- |4. |March 7, 2012 |Nkwupụta banyere mkpa ọ dị ịtụle akụkụ ọ bụla nke mmekọrịta Naịjirịa na South Africa, ọkachasị ọdịmma akụ na ụba anyị karịa mgbochi ịbanye na ọdịmma 125 Naịjiria na nsogbu ndị metụtara ya<ref>{{Cite news|title=Reps Seek Review of Bilateral Relations With South Africa|url=http://leadership.ng/nga/articles/18553/2012/03/08/reps_seek_review_bilateral_relations_south_africa.html|work=Leadership|date=8 March 2012}}</ref> |- |5. |15 June 2012 |Iwu maka Iwu A ga-akpọ "Iwu Nchebe Ebe Ọdachi |- |6. |3 Julaị 2012 |Nkwupụta nke National Emergency Management Agency (Ebumnuche, wdg) (Mgbanwe) Bill<ref>{{Cite web|author=Fourth Republic 7th National Assembly|title=Second Session No.60: Order Paper|url=http://www.nassnig.org/nass2/ordersenate.php?id=1084%E2%80%8E|date=28 November 2012}}</ref> |- |7. |14 Julaị 2012 |Ntinye ndị agha 3500 na steeti Edo maka ebumnuche nke ntuli aka gọvanọ na-abịanụ<ref>{{Cite web|author=Channels Television|title=Deployment of soldiers to Edo causes commotion in House|url=http://www.channelstv.com/home/2012/07/11/motion-to-withdraw-soldiers-from-edo-causes-comotion-in-house/|date=11 July 2012}}</ref> |- |8. |11 Ọktoba 2012 |Nnyocha nke Final Settlement nke Zenon Petroleum and Gas Limited na Forte Oil Plc. ụgwọ dị ịrịba ama nke N140, 999, 620, 395.80 ji ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka njikwa ihe onwunwe nke Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite news|author=John Ameh|title=Reps Panel to Probe N140.9bn|url=http://www.punchng.com/news/otedola/|work=Punch|date=12 October 2012}}</ref> |- |9. |7 Nọvemba 2012 |Mkpa dị mkpa iwepu ụgbọelu niile a na-ejighịzi eme ihe, nke mebiri emebi na nke a na-adịghị arụ ọrụ site na mpaghara, ụlọ na ọdụ ụgbọ elu niile dị na Naịjirịa. |- |10. |26 Julaị 2013 |Mkpa Mkpa Mberede Ịchọpụta Ojiji nke Ego Ọha site na Bank of Industry n'okpuru Power and Airlines Intervention Fund<ref>{{Cite news|author=Tordue Salem|title=Reps probe BOI over N176bn disbursement|url=http://nationalmirroronline.net/new/reps-probe-boi-over-n176bn-disbursement/|work=National Mirror|date=26 July 2013}}</ref> |} == Nkwupụta banyere okwu mba == === Ihichapụ enyemaka mmanụ ụgbọala === N'oge arụmụka mba ahụ banyere iwepụ enyemaka mmanụ ụgbọala nke mesịrị duga na ngagharị iwe Occupy Nigeria, Daramola bụ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu Naijiria kpọrọ ka ha nwee nzukọ na Dr. [[Goodluck Jonathan]], onye isi ala Naijiria. Na ngwụcha nzukọ ahụ, Daramola kwuru na "Maazị Onye isi ala emeghị ka m ma ọ bụ ndị ọrụ ibe m ndị ọzọ kwenye na House of Representatives. Achọghị m ịbụ onye na-ese ihe na ihe mere n'ebe ahụ mana ana m agwa gị na ọ bụ pax adịgboroja. Echeghị m na o mezuru ebumnuche ọ bụla. Echeghị m na ọ kwagara akụkọ ahụ n'ihu. Aga m ekwu na ihe kpatara ya anaghị amasị ndị otu House of Representatives. === Ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ahịa isi obodo Naịjirịa daa === Daramola bụ onye otu kọmitii nke abụọ nke ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya nyere iwu iji nyochaa ọdịda nke Capital Market. A kọwara ya dị ka onye "nwere àgwà na-adịghị mma" Ọ gwara osote Gọvanọ nke Central Bank of Nigeria, (CBN), Kingsley Moghalu onye na-anwa iwepụ CBN na nsogbu ego nke na-enye ngalaba ego nke Naịjirịa nsogbu, ịnakwere ụta maka "ọdịda nke iwu ụlọ ọrụ".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Onwuka Nzeshi|title=Capital Market:House Begins Journey Afresh|url=http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/capital-market-house-begins-journey-afresh/112721/|date=1 April 2012|accessdate=8 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131003060211/http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/capital-market-house-begins-journey-afresh/112721/|archivedate=3 October 2013}}</ref> "Mmetọ ahụ mere kpọmkwem n'okpuru nlekọta gị. Ọ bụ n'ihi na i meghị ọrụ gị. Ọ bụ ụta gị; ọ bụ ọdịda ụlọ ọrụ. " CBN, site na Moghalu ebubo na mbụ na ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ daa n'ahịa isi obodo Naịjirịa bụ n'ihi mmegbu nke ụlọ akụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=John Ameh|title=Manipulation by banks caused capital market crash – CBN|url=http://www.punchng.com/business/business-economy/manipulation-by-banks-caused-capital-market-crash-cbn/|quote=...It was because you did not do your job|date=3 May 2012|accessdate=8 September 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002035457/http://www.punchng.com/business/business-economy/manipulation-by-banks-caused-capital-market-crash-cbn/|archivedate=2 October 2013}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150108175203/http://www.christsschoolado.net/Christ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Ado] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130724061234/http://www.ojudubabafemi.com/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Babafemi Ojudu] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130430234125/http://citypeoplegroup.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ City People] {{DEFAULTSORT:Daramola, Bimbo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] bbrnykrpokymbq36kay2qbs04j844gq 0 32033 656699 578167 2026-06-23T00:11:51Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656699 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   Chinemelu D. Elonu Jr. (amụrụ na Machị 11, 1987) bụ onye Naijiria-Amerịka ọkachamara na-agba bọọlụ maka Capitanes de Arecibo nke Baloncesto Superior Nacional (BSN). Chinemelu D. Elonu Jr. basketball Ndị isi nke Arecibo Basketball Superior National Ọ gbara bọọlụ kọleji maka Texas A&M. basketball kọleji Texas A&M == Ọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị == Elonu gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Alief Elsik ebe ọ na-enweta akara 15.0 n'egwuregwu ọ bụla dị ka onye okenye, na-enyere ndị otu ahụ aka na ndekọ 33-5 mgbe ọ na-etinye ọkwa kachasị elu nke akara 21 na 20 rebounds. Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Sekọndrị Alief Elsik<ref name="bio">{{Cite news|title=Texas A&M bio|url=http://www.aggieathletics.com/sports/m-baskbl/mtt/elonu_chinemelu00.html|accessdate=November 9, 2015|work=AggieAthletics.com}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dị ka onye na-eme ihe ike nke 48 na mba ahụ site na Scout.com. Scout.com<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.scout.com/player/61017-chinemelu-elonu|title=Chinemelu Elonu-Scout.com|work=Maxpreps.com|accessdate=January 2, 2017|archivedate=January 3, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170103094611/http://www.scout.com/player/61017-chinemelu-elonu}}</ref> == Ọrụ kọleji == Elonu gbara bọọlụ na Mahadum Texas A&M, ebe ya na ndị Aggies gbara bọọọọlụ, site n'afọ 2006 ruo 2009. Texas A&M University Aggies N'oge ọ na-eto eto na nke ikpeazụ, ọ na-enweta akara 10 na 7 rebounds kwa egwuregwu.<ref name="Chron626">{{Cite news|first=Brent|author=Zwerneman|title=A&M hoops star Elonu sets sights on NBA career|url=http://www.chron.com/sports/rockets/article/A-M-hoops-star-Elonu-sets-sights-on-NBA-career-1735155.php|accessdate=June 27, 2009|work=Chron.com|date=June 27, 2009}}</ref> Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ na Mee 2009 na nzere Bachelor of Science na Agricultural Leadership and Development.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Larry|author=Young|title=A&M's Elonu enters NBA Draft short on centers|url=http://www.chron.com/sports/rockets/article/A-M-s-Elonu-enters-NBA-Draft-short-on-centers-1729997.php|accessdate=June 22, 2009|work=Chron.com|date=June 22, 2009}}</ref> == Ọrụ ọkachamara == Los Angeles Lakers dere Elonu na nke 59 na 2009 NBA draft. Los Angeles Lakers 2009 NBA draft<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nba.com/lakers/news/090715meetchinemeluelonu.html|title=Meet Chinemelu Elonu|date=July 15, 2009|work=NBA.com|accessdate=November 9, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100901181947/http://www.nba.com/lakers/news/090715meetchinemeluelonu.html|archivedate=September 1, 2010}}</ref> O mechara bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta afọ abụọ na ndị otu Spain CAI Zaragoza ebe ọ na-enweta akara 6.3 na 5.8 rebounds kwa egwuregwu. CAI Zaragoza O nwere nkwekọrịta opt-out nke gaara enye ya ohere ịbịanye aka na Lakers mgbe oge 2009-10 gasịrị.<ref>{{Cite news|first=Elliott|author=Teaford|title=Draft pick signs … in Spain|url=http://www.insidesocal.com/lakers/2009/09/15/draft-pick-signs-in-spain/|accessdate=September 15, 2009|work=InsideSocal.com|date=September 15, 2009}}</ref> Mgbe otu afọ gasịrị, ọ hapụrụ Zaragoza. N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2010, Elonu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Panionios na Gris. Panionios Ọ hapụrụ Panionios tupu ngwụcha oge ahụ mgbe Ryvon Covile nọchiri ya. Na Jenụwarị 25, 2011, Elonu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Pau-Orthez na France iji dochie Travon Bryant merụrụ ahụ. Pau-Orthez Travon Bryant<ref name="Pau Orthez">{{Cite news|title=Chinemelu Elonu inks with Pau-Orthez|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/france/85154/chinemelu-elonu-inks-with-pau-orthez.html|accessdate=January 25, 2011|work=Sportando.com|date=January 25, 2011}}</ref> Ọ na-enweta nkezi 10.0 na 8.3 rebounds kwa egwuregwu. N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2012, Elonu sonyeere Los Angeles Lakers maka 2012 NBA Summer League. Los Angeles Lakers 2012 NBA Summer League N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2012, Elonu bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta ya na Tofaş nke Turkish Basketball Super League. Tofaş Turkish Basketball Super League<ref>{{Cite news|title=Tofas Bursa adds Chinemelu Elonu|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/europe/turkey/94576/tofas-bursa-adds-chinemelu-elonu.html|accessdate=August 16, 2012|work=Sportando.com|date=August 16, 2012}}</ref> Na June 2013, Elonu bịanyere aka na Jiangsu Dragons si China. Dragọn Jiangsu<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chinemelu Elonu signed in China with Jiangsu|url=http://www.sportando.com/en/world/asia/102540/chinemelu-elonu-signed-in-china-with-jiangsu.html|accessdate=November 9, 2015|work=Sportando.com|date=June 27, 2013}}</ref> Maka oge 2013-14, Elonu bịanyere aka na Tofaş. N'oge nke abụọ ya na klọb Turkish, Elonu nwetara akara 12.1, 8.5 rebounds na 1.1 blocks na Turkish League na 16.2 points, 9.7 rebounds and 1.8 blocks na EuroChallenge. Njikọ EuroChallenge nke Turkey Na Mee 2014, Elonu laghachiri na CAI Zaragoza mgbe afọ anọ gasịrị, wee bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ruo na ngwụcha oge ACB 2013-14. Oge 2013-14 ACB<ref>{{Cite news|title=Elonu regresa al CAI Zaragoza para reforzarlo hasta final de temporada|url=http://www.acb.com/redaccion.php?id=103859|accessdate=May 19, 2014|work=ACB.com|date=May 19, 2014|language=Spanish}}</ref> Na Julaị 17, 2014, ọ laghachiri Tofaş.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Transfer to Tofaş!|url=http://amkspor.sozcu.com.tr/2014/07/17/tofasta-ic-transfer-328306/|accessdate=December 31, 2016|work=amkspor.sozcu.com|date=July 17, 2014|language=Turkish}}</ref> N'oge oge ahụ, o sonyere na asọmpi Turkish League Slam Dunk, n'etiti Kenny Gabriel, Jan Vesely, Furkan Korkmaz, JaJuan Johnson, Patric Young, Sinan Güler na Sean Williams. Kenny Gabriel Jan Vesely Furkan Korkmaz JaJuan Johnson Patric Young Sinan Güler Sean Williams == Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ == {{Basketball player statistics legend}}'''Oge a na-eme mgbe niile'''{{Basketball player statistics start}} |- |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2010–11 | style="text-align:left;"| [[Panionios B.C.|Panionios]] | align=center | [[Greek Basket League|GBL]] | 9 || 21.2 || .471 || –|| .571 || 6.6 || 0.2 || '''0.7''' || '''1.7''' || 7.6 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2011–12 | style="text-align:left;"| [[Élan Béarnais Pau-Orthez|Pau-Orthez]] | align=center | [[LNB Pro A]] | '''30''' || '''24.2''' || .634 || –|| .603 || '''8.3''' || '''0.6''' || 0.6 || 1.1 || '''10.4''' |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2012–13 | style="text-align:left;"| [[Tofaş S.K.|Tofaş]] | align=center | [[Turkish Basketball Super League|BSL]] | 29 || 21.2 || '''.661''' || –|| .515 || 7.6 || 0.3 || 0.4 || 1.1 || 9.6 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2016–17 | style="text-align:left;"| [[AEK B.C.|AEK Athens]] | align=center | [[Greek Basket League|GBL]] | 14 || 14.1 || .623 || –|| '''.743''' || 5.7 || 0.5 || 0.5 || 0.4 || 6.6 |- | style="text-align:left;"| 2017–18 | style="text-align:left;"| [[AEK B.C.|AEK Athens]] | align=center | [[Greek Basket League|GBL]] | 12 || 13.2 || .523 || –|| .556 || 4.3 || 0.6 || 0.1 || 0.9 || 5.1 |} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist|2}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Elonu,Chinemelu}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] es11g4oegwp0u67a77kdgv4xeb66157 0 36019 656692 165351 2026-06-22T21:07:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656692 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Catching Feelings bụ ihe nkiri ịhụnanya nke South Africa nke 2017 nke Kagiso Lediga dere, mepụta ma duzie. Ndị <ref>{{Cite web|title=Catching Feelings|url=http://www.diprente.co.za/portfolio/catching-feelings/|accessdate=2020-08-27|work=Diprente Films|language=en-US|archivedate=6 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906185853/http://www.diprente.co.za/portfolio/catching-feelings/}}</ref>-eme ya bụ Lediga, [[Pearl Thusi]], Andrew Buckland, Akin Omotoso, Precious Makgaretsa, Kate Liquorish, Tessa Jubber na Loyiso Gola.<ref name="Casting1">{{Cite web|url=http://hollywoodsblackrenaissance.com/laff-2017-catching-feelings/|title=LAFF 2017: 'Catching Feelings' Starring Pearl Thusi Navigates the Journey of Sex, Marriage, & Love|author=Stidhum|first=Tonja|date=19 June 2017|work=The South African|accessdate=7 March 2018|archivedate=17 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117032825/http://hollywoodsblackrenaissance.com/laff-2017-catching-feelings/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/movies-theatre/catchingfeelings-local-film-tackles-trust-race-and-relationships-13589107|title=Catching Feelings : Local film tackles trust, race & relationships|author=Panyane|first=Masego|date=4 March 2018|work=Independent Online|accessdate=7 March 2018}}</ref> <ref name="Release1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2018/03/06/upcoming-south-african-movies-you-dont-want-to-miss_a_23378211/|title=Upcoming South African Movies You Don't Want To Miss|author=Mambana|first=Duenna|date=6 March 2018|work=The Huffington Post South Africa|accessdate=7 March 2018|archivedate=6 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180306190705/http://www.huffingtonpost.co.za/2018/03/06/upcoming-south-african-movies-you-dont-want-to-miss_a_23378211/}}</ref> wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na 9 Machị 2018, site na United International Pictures na Ster-Kinekor. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://memeburn.com/2018/04/catching-feelings-netflix/|title=Catching Feelings is debuting globally on Netflix in May|author=Walker|first=Ander|work=Memeburn|date=16 April 2018|accessdate=21 February 2019}}</ref> nkiri ahụ <ref name="Release">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/new-on-netflix-south-africa-june/|title=What's new on Netflix South Africa in June?|author=Andersen|first=Nic|work=The South African|date=6 June 2018|accessdate=7 May 2019}}</ref> n'ụwa niile na 18 Mee 2018, site na Netflix. == Atụmatụ == Ihe nkiri a na-esochi akụkọ nke "agụmakwụkwọ na-eto eto obodo na ọmarịcha nwunye ya, ka ndụ ha na-atụgharị mgbe otu onye edemede na-eme ememe na hedonistic batara n'ụlọ ha na Johannesburg. <ref name="Release" /> == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Kagiso Lediga dị ka Max Matsane<ref name="Casting1" /> * [[Pearl Thusi]] dị ka Samkelo<ref name="Casting1" /> * Akin Omotoso dị ka Joel<ref name="Casting1" /> * Precious Makgaretsa dị ka Lazola Yoko<ref name="Casting1" /> * Andrew Buckland dị ka Heiner Miller<ref name="Casting1" /> * Zandile Tisani dị ka Kabelo * Kate Liquorish dị ka Tabitha<ref name="Casting1" /> * Tyson Cross dị ka Miles * Tessa Jubber dị ka Nicole<ref name="Casting1" /> * Loyiso Gola dị ka Zweli == Mmepụta == E sere ihe nkiri ahụ na [[Cape Town]] na Johannesburg, South Africa, na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Q0gjs7F_3M|title=Movie Preview: Catching Feelings with Kagiso Lediga|work=[[YouTube]]|date=2 March 2018|accessdate=7 March 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=SA film-maker killed in accident|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/sa-film-maker-killed-in-accident-7968893|author=Leletu|first=Gxuluwe|work=IOL News|date=28 February 2017|accessdate=11 June 2018}}</ref> raara ya nye ncheta nke John Volmink, onye na-eme ihe nkiri South Africa nke nwụrụ na 2017. == Ntọhapụ == Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara na 2017 Los Angeles Film Festival na 18 June 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://shadowandact.com/exclusive-poster-art-for-los-angeles-film-festival-bound-dark-comedy-catching-feelings|title=Exclusive Poster Art for Los Angeles Film Festival-Bound Dark Comedy. 'Catching Feelings'|author=Obenson|first=Tambay|date=12 June 2017|work=Shadow and Act|accessdate=7 March 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.kayafm.co.za/everyone-is-catching-feelings-an-interview-with-kagiso-lediga/|title=Everyone is Catching Feelings — An interview with Kagiso Lediga|author=Cele|first=Nomali|date=9 March 2018|work=Kaya FM|accessdate=10 March 2018}}</ref><ref name="Release1" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/catching-feelings-release-date-cast-latest-trailer/|title=Catching Feelings: South African release date, cast and latest trailer|author=Andersen|first=Nic|date=28 February 2018|work=The South African|accessdate=7 March 2018|archivedate=8 March 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180308041428/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/catching-feelings-release-date-cast-latest-trailer/}}</ref> E wepụtara ihe nkiri ahụ na 9 Machị 2018 na South Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydot.com/upstream/catching-feelings-review/|title='Catching Feelings' ain't your typical Netflix rom-com|author=Cagle|first=Tess|date=22 May 2018|work=Daily Dot|accessdate=30 September 2018}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2018, ihe nkiri ahụ dị n'ụwa niile na Netflix. == Nnakwere == Ihe nkiri ahụ enwetala nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/catching_feelings/|title=Catching Feelings|publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|accessdate=20 October 2018}}</ref> ebe nrụọrụ weebụ nchịkọta nyocha, Rotten Tomatoes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwere nkwenye nke 100% dabere na nyocha 7, na nkezi nke 7.25/10 . Onye nkatọ ihe nkiri Phumlani S. Langa nke City Press South Africa nyere ihe nkiri ahụ kpakpando anọ n'ime ise, na-ekwu na "Lediga na otú ahụ abụọ na-enye ihe ngosi siri ike na mmepụta nke a mara mma na nkecha. dị ka onye kpochapụwo, [Woody Allen's] etiti abalị na Paris, na-enweghị akụkụ fantasy. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Langa|first=Phumlani S.|title=City Press Review: We caught feelings|url=https://www.news24.com/channel/Movies/News/city-press-review-we-caught-feelings-20180311|accessdate=2020-08-15|work=Channel|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * * {{IMDb title|tt5827360|Catching Feelings}} lduz5m5o4vnmv2qlbzq8ff8ckbtgvmj 0 37763 656718 214521 2026-06-23T04:27:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656718 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Cynthia Butare|other_names=|image=|alt=|caption=|birth_date=|birth_name=Cynthia Butare|birth_place=[[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]|death_date=|death_place=|resting_place=|resting_place_coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|nationality=[[Rwanda]]n <br> [[Switzerland|Swiss]]|alma_mater=[[Manchester Metropolitan University]]|height=|years_active=2011–present|party=|spouse=|children=|awards=|father=|mother=|relatives=|signature=|website=https://www.cynthiabutare.com|footnotes=|occupation=Director, videographer, blogger}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teakisi.com/cynthia-butare-hard-work-pays-off/|title=Cynthia Butare: Hard Work Pays Off|publisher=teakisi|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref>'''Cynthia Butare''', bụ Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na [[Rwanda|Rwandan]]-Switzerland yana Onye na-ese vidio. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/|title=11 Rwandan Filmmakers You Need to Know About|publisher=The Culture Trip|accessdate=14 October 2020|archivedate=7 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107063425/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/}}</ref> maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri [[Rwanda|Rwandan]] a ma ama Kickin' It With The Kinks . [1] == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na Geneva, [[Switzerland]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinterest.ch/pin/266979084143060921/?amp_client_id=CLIENT_ID(_)&mweb_unauth_id=%7B%7Bdefault.session%7D%7D&amp_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pinterest.ch%2Famp%2Fpin%2F266979084143060921%2F|title=Cynthia Butare: Hard Work Pays Off|publisher=pinterest|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> biri na Geneva ruo mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị wee kwaga [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu. == Ọrụ == O nwetara nzere bachelọ na Digital Media and Communications ma mesịa mechaa nweta nzere masta na Documentary Practice na Mahadum Manchester Metropolitan . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinterest.at/pin/266979084144904045/|title=Cynthia Butare on her journey into filmmaking|publisher=pinterest|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, o mere obere Kickin' It With The Kinks maka ọrụ mahadum ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-enweta ihe nrite maka ihe ngosi kachasị mma na ngalaba ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ovalhouse.com/whatson/detail/kickin-it-with-the-kinks|title=A documentary by Cynthia Butare, hosted by Selina Thompson|publisher=ovalhouse|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> e mesịrị na 2016, Cynthia ya na enyi ya Mundia, kpebiri imepụta ihe nkiri ahụ dị ogologo. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto <ref name="newtimes" />egwu ma gosipụta ya n'ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africatechsummit.com/kigali/cth_speaker/cynthia-butare/|title=Cynthia Butare: Founder CB Productions|publisher=africatechsummit|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref>'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, 'CB Production'. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ọ malitere ide blọgụ na 2003. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ kwụsịrị ide blọgụ mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, ọ maliteghachiri ide blọkọ n'afọ 2012. N'afọ 2013, Butare natara onyinye maka Blog kacha mma nke Afọ site na BEFFTA. Otú ọ dị, ọ kwagara Rwanda na 2014. <ref name="newtimes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/cynthia-butare-her-long-journey-filmmaking|title=Cynthia Butare on her long journey into filmmaking|publisher=newtimes|accessdate=14 October 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/cynthia-butare-her-long-journey-filmmaking "Cynthia Butare on her long journey into filmmaking"]. newtimes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Rwanda, o mere ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, Ishimwa: From Bloodshed To Grace . E gosipụtara ya dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme ihe nkiri Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/191178|title=When Diasporans return home, Butare captures moment in video|publisher=newtimes|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ọrụ a na-akpọ The Return . [1] == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ụdị !Ihe mgbochi. |- |2013 |''Anya mmiri na ọbara mere na China'' |Onye na-ese vidio |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2016 |''Kickin' Ya na Kinks'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri | |- |2019 |''Ishimwa: Site na Ịwụfu Ọbara Gaa n'Ekele'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri | |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == Rwanda na 2014. Mgbe ọ nọ na Rwanda, o mere ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, Ishimwa: From Bloodshed To Grace . E gosi * {{IMDb name|5975540}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303003048/https://www.104.fr/fiche-evenement/rokhaya-diallo-rokmyworld-kiwtk.html KICKIN' IT WITH THE KINKS, DE CYNTHIA BUTARE: mgbede nke Rokhaya Diallo chepụtara] * Cynthia ButarenaNdị nọ n'etiti [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] rencu1zxoxq9fvlsm4tuja8r51mdua0 656719 656718 2026-06-23T04:27:14Z KiranBOT 25138 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.9s 656719 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Cynthia Butare|other_names=|image=|alt=|caption=|birth_date=|birth_name=Cynthia Butare|birth_place=[[Geneva]], [[Switzerland]]|death_date=|death_place=|resting_place=|resting_place_coordinates=<!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->|nationality=[[Rwanda]]n <br> [[Switzerland|Swiss]]|alma_mater=[[Manchester Metropolitan University]]|height=|years_active=2011–present|party=|spouse=|children=|awards=|father=|mother=|relatives=|signature=|website=https://www.cynthiabutare.com|footnotes=|occupation=Director, videographer, blogger}} <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teakisi.com/cynthia-butare-hard-work-pays-off/|title=Cynthia Butare: Hard Work Pays Off|publisher=teakisi|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref>'''Cynthia Butare''', bụ Onye na-eme ihe nkiri na [[Rwanda|Rwandan]]-Switzerland yana Onye na-ese vidio. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/|title=11 Rwandan Filmmakers You Need to Know About|publisher=The Culture Trip|accessdate=14 October 2020|archivedate=7 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107063425/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/}}</ref> maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye nduzi nke ihe nkiri [[Rwanda|Rwandan]] a ma ama Kickin' It With The Kinks . [1] == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na Geneva, [[Switzerland]]. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://uk.pinterest.com/pin/cynthia-butare-hard-work-pays-off--266979084143060921|title=Cynthia Butare: Hard Work Pays Off|publisher=pinterest|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> biri na Geneva ruo mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị wee kwaga [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|UK]] maka agụmakwụkwọ dị elu. == Ọrụ == O nwetara nzere bachelọ na Digital Media and Communications ma mesịa mechaa nweta nzere masta na Documentary Practice na Mahadum Manchester Metropolitan . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pinterest.at/pin/266979084144904045/|title=Cynthia Butare on her journey into filmmaking|publisher=pinterest|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, o mere obere Kickin' It With The Kinks maka ọrụ mahadum ya. Ihe nkiri ahụ na-enweta ihe nrite maka ihe ngosi kachasị mma na ngalaba ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ovalhouse.com/whatson/detail/kickin-it-with-the-kinks|title=A documentary by Cynthia Butare, hosted by Selina Thompson|publisher=ovalhouse|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> e mesịrị na 2016, Cynthia ya na enyi ya Mundia, kpebiri imepụta ihe nkiri ahụ dị ogologo. Ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara otuto <ref name="newtimes" />egwu ma gosipụta ya n'ọtụtụ mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africatechsummit.com/kigali/cth_speaker/cynthia-butare/|title=Cynthia Butare: Founder CB Productions|publisher=africatechsummit|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref>'otu afọ ahụ, ọ malitere ụlọ ọrụ nke ya, 'CB Production'. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ụma, ọ malitere ide blọgụ na 2003. Ọ bụ ezie na ọ kwụsịrị ide blọgụ mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị, ọ maliteghachiri ide blọkọ n'afọ 2012. N'afọ 2013, Butare natara onyinye maka Blog kacha mma nke Afọ site na BEFFTA. Otú ọ dị, ọ kwagara Rwanda na 2014. <ref name="newtimes">{{Cite web|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/cynthia-butare-her-long-journey-filmmaking|title=Cynthia Butare on her long journey into filmmaking|publisher=newtimes|accessdate=14 October 2020}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/cynthia-butare-her-long-journey-filmmaking "Cynthia Butare on her long journey into filmmaking"]. newtimes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Rwanda, o mere ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, Ishimwa: From Bloodshed To Grace . E gosipụtara ya dị ka akụkụ nke mmemme ihe nkiri Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/191178|title=When Diasporans return home, Butare captures moment in video|publisher=newtimes|accessdate=14 October 2020}}</ref> na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na ọrụ a na-akpọ The Return . [1] == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ọrụ !Ụdị !Ihe mgbochi. |- |2013 |''Anya mmiri na ọbara mere na China'' |Onye na-ese vidio |Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- |2016 |''Kickin' Ya na Kinks'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri | |- |2019 |''Ishimwa: Site na Ịwụfu Ọbara Gaa n'Ekele'' |Onye nduzi |Ihe nkiri | |} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == Rwanda na 2014. Mgbe ọ nọ na Rwanda, o mere ihe nkiri nke abụọ ya, Ishimwa: From Bloodshed To Grace . E gosi * {{IMDb name|5975540}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303003048/https://www.104.fr/fiche-evenement/rokhaya-diallo-rokmyworld-kiwtk.html KICKIN' IT WITH THE KINKS, DE CYNTHIA BUTARE: mgbede nke Rokhaya Diallo chepụtara] * Cynthia ButarenaNdị nọ n'etiti [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 6fwr8u8ehm3hgwss229plhixt7wlong 0 37886 656677 577904 2026-06-22T16:01:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656677 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} <ref name="Africultures">{{Cite web|url=https://africultures.com/personnes/?no=3863|title=Blaise Senghor Réalisateur/trice, Documentariste|accessdate=30 August 2023|language=French|work=africultures.com|publisher=Africultures. Les mondes en relation}}</ref>'''Blaise Adolphe Antoine Marie Senghor''' (nke a na-akpọkwa Blaise Wali Antoine Marie Seng Hor, Joal, ugbu a Joal-Fadiouth, [[Senegal]], 30 Mee 1932 - Paris, France, 6 Ọktoba 1976) bụ Onye nduzi ihe nkiri [[Senegal|Ndị Senegal]], Onye edemede ihe nkiri na onye nnọchi anya UNESCO na osote onyeisi oche nke Senegal. <ref name="centre">{{Cite web|url=https://centrecultureldakar.art/cinema/blaise-senghor-cineaste-senegalais-et-diplomate-histoire-retracee/|title=Blaise Senghor, cinéaste sénégalais et diplomate: histoire retracée|author=|first=|date=2023|work=centrecultureldakar.art|publisher=Centre Culturel Régional Dakar|accessdate=30 August 2023|quote=Né le 30 mai 1932 à Joal, au Sénégal, Blaise Senghor est décédé le 6 octobre 1976 à Paris, en France. Il avait 44 ans. Mais, la carrière de Blaise a été riche : il fut réalisateur, assistant metteur en scène, Conseiller technique au Ministère de l’Information et à l’Ambassade du Sénégal à Paris. Il a également été Ambassadeur délégué permanent du Sénégal auprès de l’Unesco à Paris, Vice-président du Conseil exécutif de l’Unesco.|language=French|archivedate=14 October 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251014203301/https://centrecultureldakar.art/cinema/blaise-senghor-cineaste-senegalais-et-diplomate-histoire-retracee/}}</ref> <ref name="Africine">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/personne/blaise-senghor/3863|title=Blaise Senghor Réalisateur/trice Documentariste|language=French|publisher=Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC)|work=africine.org|accessdate=30 August 2023|date=2020|archivedate=16 April 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250416235113/https://www.africine.org/personne/blaise-senghor/3863}}</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ ya na 1932 na Joal, Senegal, na René Senghor na Hélène Conté, Blaise Senghor bụ nwa nwanne onye isi ala mbụ nke Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906 - 2001).<ref name="Décès">{{Cite web|language=French|title=Procès verbal d'ouverture Décès État civil|url=https://archives.paris.fr/arkotheque/visionneuse/visionneuse.php?arko=YTo2OntzOjQ6ImRhdGUiO3M6MTA6IjIwMjItMTAtMTciO3M6MTA6InR5cGVfZm9uZHMiO3M6MTE6ImFya29fc2VyaWVsIjtzOjQ6InJlZjEiO2k6NDtzOjQ6InJlZjIiO2k6Mjc0MTg0O3M6MTY6InZpc2lvbm5ldXNlX2h0bWwiO2I6MTtzOjIxOiJ2aXNpb25uZXVzZV9odG1sX21vZGUiO3M6NDoicHJvZCI7fQ==#uielem_move=-1155%2C-709&uielem_islocked=1&uielem_zoom=184&uielem_brightness=0&uielem_contrast=0&uielem_isinverted=0&uielem_rotate=F|format=|date=1976|work=archives.paris.fr|accessdate=30 August 2023|archivedate=24 February 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224121742/https://archives.paris.fr/arkotheque/visionneuse/visionneuse.php?arko=YTo2OntzOjQ6ImRhdGUiO3M6MTA6IjIwMjItMTAtMTciO3M6MTA6InR5cGVfZm9uZHMiO3M6MTE6ImFya29fc2VyaWVsIjtzOjQ6InJlZjEiO2k6NDtzOjQ6InJlZjIiO2k6Mjc0MTg0O3M6MTY6InZpc2lvbm5ldXNlX2h0bWwiO2I6MTtzOjIxOiJ2aXNpb25uZXVzZV9odG1sX21vZGUiO3M6NDoicHJvZCI7fQ==#uielem_move=-1155%2C-709&uielem_islocked=1&uielem_zoom=184&uielem_brightness=0&uielem_contrast=0&uielem_isinverted=0&uielem_rotate=F}} Paris 15th arrondissement death certificate, n° 2444, page 7 of 31.</ref><ref name="ast">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/640316/societe/dix-choses-a-savoir-sur-doudou-diene-preside-la-commission-denquete-de-lonu-sur-le-burundi/|title=Dix choses à savoir sur Doudou Diène, président de la Commission d’enquête de l’ONU sur le Burundi|date=10 October 2018|first=Anna|author=Sylvestre-Treiner|accessdate=30 August 2023|language=French}}</ref> Mgbe <ref name="Africine" /> gachara Lycée Van Vollenhoven (nke e mechara kpọwa Lycée Lamine Guèye) na Dakar, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Institut des hautes études cinématographiques (IDHEC) na Paris n'afọ 1958 - 1960. <ref name="Soleil">{{Cite web|language=French|first=Oumar|author=Diouf|title=Blaise Senghor|url=http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/blaise_senghor.html|date=|work=planete-senegal.com|publisher=[[Le Soleil (Senegal)]]|quote=Blaise Senghor (un article d'Oumar DIOUF pour le Soleil). Tout le monde, ou presque, connaît le Centre Culturel Blaise Senghor. Mais peu de gens peuvent dire exactement qui est le parrain de cette structure située sur le boulevard Dial Diop, juste en face du lycée Blaise Diagne.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414030303/http://www.senegalaisement.com/senegal/blaise_senghor.html|archivedate=14 April 2010|accessdate=30 August 2023}}. With a portrait photograph.</ref> nwetara Diplôme d'études supérieures ([[:fr:Diplôme d'études supérieures en France|fr]]) nke onye nkuzi na Asụsụ na akwụkwọ ọdịnala, na Bachelor of Arts (Licence de lettres). [1] Dị ka Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Blaise Senghor ghọrọ onye a ma ama maka Qui trop embrasse (1962, Series 1 episode 18 of Les cinq dernières minutes) <ref name="5 minutes">{{IMDb title|title=Qui trop embrasse}}. Director was Claude Loursais (1919 – 1988, [[:fr:Claude Loursais|fr]])</ref> na Le grand Magal de Touba (1962), na-edekọ emume ndị Sufi Islamic. <ref name="Grand">{{Cite web|url=http://www.africine.org/film/grand-magal-a-touba/214|title=Grand Magal à Touba|language=French|publisher=Fédération africaine de la critique cinématographique (FACC)|work=africine.org|accessdate=30 August 2023|date=2020}}</ref> <ref name="Africultures" /> rụrụ ọrụ na Senegal dị ka onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri Yves Ciampi bụ Liberté I . [1] Mgbe ọrịa strok mere ka ọ ghara ikwe omume ịga n'ihu na-eme ihe nkiri, Senghor malitere ịrụ ọrụ na Senegalese Embassy na Paris. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Senegal dị ka onye nnọchi anya UNESCO (ambassador) na Paris ma bụrụ otu n'ime ndị osote onyeisi oche nke ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ (1972-1974) n'okpuru onye isi nchịkwa Senegal Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://unesco.hemsida.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Infobroschyr-Unescos-styrelse.pdf|title=The Executive Board of UNESCO 2012 Edition|author=Roger|first=Dominique|date=2012|work=unesco.hemsida.eu|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=30 August 2023|quote=}}. Appendix 3. Composition of the Bureau (since 1946) p. 116 and Appendix 4. Executive Board Members Alphabetical list (from 1946 to 1993) p. 136.</ref> Ọ nwụrụ na 6 Ọktoba 1976 na Paris, France. <ref name="centre" /> gụrụ Centre culturel de Dakar Blaise Senghor ([[:fr:Centre culturel Blaise Senghor|fr]]) aha ya na mbido ya na 1976. [1] == Ihe nkiri == Ihe nkiri Senghor gụnyere:<ref name="Africine" /><ref name="Africultures" /> {| class="wikitable" border="1" !Afọ !Ihe nkiri !Ụdị !Ọrụ !Ogologo oge |- |1960 |Onye na-esusu ọnụ (Series 1 episode 18 of Les cinq derniers minutes) <ref name="5 minutes">{{IMDb title|title=Qui trop embrasse}}. Director was Claude Loursais (1919 – 1988, [[:fr:Claude Loursais|fr]])</ref><br /> |Ihe nkiri/Mgbukpọ, ihe omume TV |Onye na-enyere onye nduzi aka |90 nkeji (m) |- |1962 |''''Nnukwu Magal nke Touba'''' (nke a na-akpọkwa Nnukwu Magel nke Touba) <br /> |Ihe omuma di mkpirikpi |Onye nduzi, onye edemede ihe nkiri na Thomas Diop |25 mita |- |1962 |Liberté I nke Yves Ciampi dere |Ihe nkiri |Onye <ref name="centre" />-emepụta ihe [1] |89m |- |1974 |''Nkume Dị Mma'' |Dị mkpirikpi |Onye nduzi | |} == Ihe nrite == * Silver Bear maka Best Short Film maka Le Grand Magal de Touba na Berlin International Film Festival 1962. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/archive/awards-juries/awards.html/o=desc/p=33/rp=40|title=Awards. International Documentary and Short Film Jury 1962|author=|first=|date=|work=berlinale.de|publisher=Berlin International Film Festival|accessdate=30 August 2023|quote=}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ == * "Ihe nkiri sinima na Africa: Jean Rouch, Georges Sadoul, Blaise Senghor, Paulin Vieyra na ụmụ akwụkwọ Africa nke I.D.H.E.C". Ndụ Africa. Paris (15). 1961. OCLC 26849020. Nke a bụ mbipụta pụrụ iche.{{Cite journal|author=|first=|authorlink=|journal=La Vie Africaine|title=Le cinéma et l'Afrique: [[Jean Rouch]], [[Georges Sadoul]], Blaise Senghor, [[Paulin Vieyra]] avec les élèves africains de l'[[Institut des hautes études cinématographiques|I.D.H.E.C.]]|url=|date=1961|issue=15}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * ","href":"./Template:YouTube"},"params":{"id":{"wt":"upScQDhunpU"},"title":{"wt":"Grand Magal à Touba, film documentaire de M. Blaise Senghor. Ours d’argent Festival de Berlin 1962"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="<nowiki>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=upScQDhunpU</nowiki>" id="mwASI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow" typeof="mw:Transclusion"><span class="plainlinks">Grand Magal à Touba, ihe nkiri nke Maazị Blaise Senghor. Silver Bear Festival nke Berlin 1962</span> na YouTube. Ogologo oge vidiyo 19m 09s. Uploader Centre Culturel Dakar Blaise Senghor, 2023. s0vnorh24r7jvs5a3q28hxh33fhtb1a 0 38086 656717 155105 2026-06-23T04:10:01Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656717 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} <ref>[[Obi Emelonye]]</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/nigerian-drama-series-crazy-lovely-cool-clc-debuts-on-netflix/|title=Nigerian Drama Series: "Crazy, Lovely, Cool (CLC)" Debuts On Netflix|date=2019-12-17|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-02-22}}</ref>, Lovely, Cool bụ usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn Naijiria nke [[Obi Emelonye]] duziri na mmekọrịta mmepụta ya na The Nollywood Factory (TNF) na Trace TV . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/obi-emelonyes-crazy-lovely-cool-tv-series-ready/|title=Obi Emelonye’s Crazy, Lovely, Cool TV series ready » Arts and Culture » Tribune Online|date=2017-08-27|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-02-22}}</ref> == Ebe obibi == <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://traceplay.tv/series/crazy+lovely+cool|title=Crazy Lovely Cool|author=Trace|first=|date=|work=Trace|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222061422/https://traceplay.tv/series/crazy%2Blovely%2Bcool|archivedate=2020-02-22|accessdate=2020-02-22}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.showmax.com/v1.0/website/eng|title=Showmax|work=www.showmax.com|accessdate=2020-02-22|archivedate=2021-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814005148/https://www.showmax.com/v1.0/website/eng}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81213155|title=Crazy, Lovely, Cool {{!}} Netflix|work=www.netflix.com|language=en|accessdate=2020-02-22|archivedate=2020-02-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222061427/https://www.netflix.com/title/81213155}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://trace.tv/people/trace-partners-film-africa-premiere-trace-original-series-crazy-lovely-cool/|title=TRACE PARTNERS WITH FILM AFRICA FOR THE PREMIERE OF TRACE ORIGINAL SERIES ‘Crazy Lovely Cool’|date=2017-10-30|work=TRACE|language=en|accessdate=2020-04-08|archivedate=2021-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411145144/https://trace.tv/people/trace-partners-film-africa-premiere-trace-original-series-crazy-lovely-cool/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-27|title="Crazy, Lovely, Cool" portrays the Nigerian university experience|url=https://thenativemag.com/communities/av-club-crazy-lovely-cool-nigerian-university/|accessdate=2020-06-08|work=The Native|language=en-US}}</ref>''Crazy, Lovely, Cool'' bụ usoro ihe nkiri TV nke na-ele ndụ, ọṅụ na ọgụ nke otu ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere mmasị nke ụzọ ha na-agafe na campus nke mahadum kachasị ukwuu na Naịjirịa site na mkpughe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ nke blọọgụ asịrị aha ya. Mmepụta nke usoro ahụ bụ mmekọrịta na mmepụta nke Obi Emelonye, The Nollywood Factory na Trace TV dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Akụkọ nke Nigeria (NAN) si kwuo. Isi foto mere na 2017 na Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/368563-nigerian-tv-series-crazy-lovely-cool-debuts-on-netflix.html|title=Nigerian TV series ‘Crazy, Lovely, Cool’ debuts on Netflix|date=2019-12-17|language=en-GB|accessdate=2020-02-22}}</ref><ref name=":1"/> na-egosipụtakwa egwu nke ID Cabasa na ndị otu 'Kheengz' (King Bawa) na [[Ceeza Milli]]. == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * [[Adesua Etomi|Adesua Etomi-Wellington]] ''dị ka Funmi'' * Enyinna Nwigwe ''dị ka Izu'' * [[Uru Eke]] ''dị ka Dr. Douglas'' * Zynnell Zuh ''dị ka Nana'' * Lorenzo Menakaya ''dị ka Ubong'' * Anthony Monjaro ''dị ka dọkịta'' * Obi Okoli ''dị ka Prọfesọ'' * Emmanuel Emenu ''dị ka Luciano'' * [[Swanky JKA]] ''dị ka Neo'' * Kheengz (King Bawa), dị ka ''Hassan'' * Nnamdi Agbo dị ka Amamihe == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8528314 Crazy Lovely, Cool. IMDB] Mmepụta nke usoro ahụ bụ mmekọrịta na mmepụta nke Obi Emelonye, The Nollywood Factory na Trace TV dị ka Ụlọ Ọrụ Akụkọ nke Nigeria (NAN) si{{Obi Emelonye|state=expanded}} 1kokj2pt5x7f2jr16tuutuezg6jmm29 0 39085 656725 623407 2026-06-23T06:06:04Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656725 wikitext text/x-wiki <references /> {{Databox}}'''Daniela Passoni''' bụ onye na-egwu polo mmiri na South Africa, onye so n'òtù egwuregwu polo mmiri nke ụmụ nwanyị South Africa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=staff|first=Sport24|title=Tokyo Olympics full squad {{!}} Team SA brings largest ever contingent to Japan|url=https://www.news24.com/sport/othersport/olympics2020/tokyo-olympics-full-squad-team-sa-brings-largest-ever-contingent-to-japan-20210706|accessdate=2021-07-06|work=Sport|language=en-US}}</ref> ga-abụ otu n'ime ndị otu na asọmpi mmiri polo ụmụ nwanyị na 2020 Summer Olympics na-egbu oge. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-07-06|title=Tokyo Olympics {{!}} Team SA: The FULL list of athletes heading for Japan|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/tokyo-olympics/tokyo-olympics-team-sa-the-full-list-of-athletes-heading-for-japan/|accessdate=2021-07-06|work=The South African|language=en-ZA|archivedate=2021-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210712015819/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/tokyo-olympics/tokyo-olympics-team-sa-the-full-list-of-athletes-heading-for-japan/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Van Niekerk and Le Clos named in South African team heading to the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games|url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/van-niekerk-and-le-clos-named-in-sa-team|accessdate=2021-07-06|work=Tokyo 2020|language=en-US|archivedate=9 July 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709210215/https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/en/news/van-niekerk-and-le-clos-named-in-sa-team}}</ref> O sonye na 2018 FINA Women's Water Polo World Cup, na 2019 FINA World Women's Junior Waterpolo Championship.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daniella PASSONI {{!}} Results {{!}} FINA Official|url=http://www.fina.org/athletes/1051600/daniella-passoni|accessdate=2021-07-08|work=FINA - Fédération Internationale De Natation|language=en}}</ref> Ọ gbara maka Mahadum California State, East Bay.[5][6]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Daniela Passoni Named Vice Captain for South Africa Olympic Team|url=https://eastbaypioneers.com/news/2021/2/2/vice-captain-daniela-passoni-looks-to-lead-south-africa-to-olympics.aspx}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=1A DANIELA PASSONI|url=https://eastbaypioneers.com/sports/womens-water-polo/roster/daniela-passoni/3565}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{DEFAULTSORT:Passoni, Daniela}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] j6pgbinhly683sdarblnva9o5bp45ia 0 39314 656687 160518 2026-06-22T18:50:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656687 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|office=[[Executive Council of the Eastern Cape|Member of the Eastern Cape Executive Council for Sport, Recreation, Arts and Culture]]|party=[[African National Congress]]|termstart=9 May 2018|otherparty=[[South African Communist Party]]|alma_mater=[[University of the Western Cape]]<br />[[University of Fort Hare]]|birth_date={{birth year and age|1962}}|birth_place=[[Middledrift]], [[Cape Province]]<br />[[South Africa]]|premier=[[Phumulo Masualle]]|termend=7 May 2019|predecessor=[[Pemmy Majodina]]|successor=[[Fezeka Nkomonye-Bayeni]]}} '''Bulelwa Tunyiswa''' bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa nke jere ozi dị ka onye otu Eastern Cape nke Executive Council (MEC) maka egwuregwu, ntụrụndụ, nka na omenala site na Mee 2018 ruo Mee 2019.Tupu nke ahụ, ọ bụ osote onye isi okwu nke Eastern Cape Provincial omebe iwu site na 2010 ruo 2018.Ọ tụfuru ọkwá ya na Executive Council ka e mechara ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 2019, mgbe ọ nwetara ntuli aka ọzọ na ndị omebe iwu mpaghara.Onye otu African National Congress (ANC),Tuniswa abụrụla onye otu Central Committee nke South African Community Party (SACP) kemgbe 2012. == Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ == A mụrụ Tunyiswa na 1962 na Middledrift na mpaghara Cape Province. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum nke Western Cape na nzere masta na nchịkwa ọha na eze na Mahadum nke Fort Hare . Onye bụbu onye nkuzi, ọ ghọrọ onye a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị site na Congress of South African Trade Unions na South African Democratic Teachers' Union, ha abụọ bụ ndị mmekọ ANC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=12 May 2018|title=The lowdown on Premier Masualle’s four newbie MECs|url=https://www.heraldlive.co.za/weekend-post/your-weekend/2018-05-12-the-lowdown-on-premier-masualles-four-newbie-mecs/|accessdate=2023-02-15|work=Herald|language=en-ZA}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Na Ntuli aka nke afọ 2009, a họpụtara Tunyiswa ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ANC na Eastern Cape Provincial Legislature, nke nọ n'ọnọdụ nke iri na itoolu na ndepụta nke ANC.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 April 2009|title=Eastern Cape MPLs elected April 22|url=https://www.politicsweb.co.za/documents/eastern-cape-mpls-elected-april-22|accessdate=2023-02-15|work=Politicsweb|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke ndị omeiwu mpaghara, na-anọchi [[Neo Moerane]]; ndị mmegide Democratic Alliance kwuru na nhọpụta ya bụ n'ihi "ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Tripartite Alliance".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2010-07-30|title=Election of new Deputy Speaker is more ANC factionalism, says Mvenya|url=https://www.dabhisho.org.za/2010/07/30/election-of-new-deputy-speaker-is-more-anc-factionalism-says-mvenya/|accessdate=2023-02-15|work=The Democratic Alliance at the Bhisho Legislature|archivedate=2023-02-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230215202933/https://www.dabhisho.org.za/2010/07/30/election-of-new-deputy-speaker-is-more-anc-factionalism-says-mvenya/}}</ref> A họpụtara ya ọzọ ka ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu na Ntuli aka nke afọ 2014, ọ nọ n'ọnọdụ nke 35 na ndepụta nke ANC, ọ nọgidekwara na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Bulelwa Tunyiswa|url=http://www.pa.org.za/person/bulelwa-tunyiswa/|accessdate=2023-02-15|work=People's Assembly|language=en}}</ref> Na 10 Mee 2018, a họpụtara Tunyiswa na Eastern Cape Executive Council site n'aka Phumulo Masualie, onye isi oche nke Eastern Cape, onye mere MEC ya maka egwuregwu, ntụrụndụ, nka na omenala.City Press kọrọ na ndị isi mpaghara ANC, nke Oscar Mabuyane na-achị, amanyela Masualie ime mgbanwe ahụ.Tunyiswa jere ozi na Executive Council naanị otu afọ: na ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 2019, ọ nọ n'ọkwa 51st na ndepụta nke pati ANC ma ghara inwekwa ntuli aka ọzọ na ụlọ omebe iwu mpaghara. <ref>{{Cite web|date=10 May 2018|title=Phumulo Masualle fires four MECs and reshuffles his government|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/politics/2018-05-10-phumulo-masualle-fires-four-mecs-and-reshuffles-his-government/|accessdate=2023-01-19|work=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ngcukana|first=Lubabalo|date=14 May 2018|title=ANC twists Eastern Cape premier’s arm|url=https://www.news24.com/citypress/news/anc-twists-eastern-cape-premiers-arm-20180514|accessdate=2023-02-15|work=City Press|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=16 May 2019|title=19 party hopefuls at bottom of ANC’s Bhisho MPL list left out in the cold|url=https://www.dispatchlive.co.za/politics/2019-05-16-19-party-hopefuls-at-bottom-of-ancs-bhisho-mpl-list-left-out-in-the-cold/|accessdate=2023-02-15|work=Dispatch|language=en-ZA}}</ref> Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị ndị omeiwu, Tunyiswa gara n'ihu na-eje ozi na Central Committee nke SACP: a họpụtara ya maka afọ ise nke nke atọ ya na kọmitii na 2022 <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-18|title=Eight EC leaders elected to serve on SACP national body|url=https://www.goexpress.co.za/2017/07/18/eight-ec-leaders-elected-serve-sacp-national-body/|accessdate=2023-02-15|work=GO! & Express|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019|title=Current Central Committee|url=https://sacp.org.za/content/current-central-committee|accessdate=2022-12-04|work=South African Communist Party}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Previous Central Committee Members|url=https://sacp.org.za/content/previous-central-committee-members|accessdate=2022-12-04|work=South African Communist Party}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 98ukglgypzm07ttjrxu6f1o8ymg4gw0 0 41239 656671 158994 2026-06-22T15:00:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656671 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}}'''Bharat Vikas Parishad (BVP)''' ( ntụgharị : ''Indian Development Council'' ) bụ onye otu Sangh Parivar . == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == BVP, hiwere na 1963 na ncheta ọmụmụ nke Swami Vivekananda bụ ọgbakọ afọ ofufo nwere aka nri. Ebubere ya na aha - Citizens Council iji kpọkọta ndị mmadụ megide mwakpo ndị China na ókèala India mana emechara debanye aha ya wee debanye aha ya dị ka ọha mmadụ na 10 Julaị 1963. Ebumnuche ya bụ ịhazi ụmụ amaala India maka ọrụ enyemaka. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Working for a Mission – Bharat Vikas Parishad|url=https://bvpindia.com/about-us-2/about-us/|accessdate=1 May 2020|archivedate=29 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200129115418/http://bvpindia.com/about-us-2/about-us/}}</ref> BVP bụ onye otu Sangh Parivar . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Verma|first=Lalmani|date=1 September 2015|title=New BJP members take 'RSS lesson'|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/new-bjp-members-take-rss-lesson/|accessdate=27 September 2021|work=The Indian Express|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150902235211/http://indianexpress.com:80/article/cities/lucknow/new-bjp-members-take-rss-lesson/|archivedate=2 September 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Singh|first=Darpan|date=15 April 2014|title=30,000 saffron soldiers take up Narendra Modi's fight|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/30-000-saffron-soldiers-take-up-narendra-modi-s-fight/story-OGhAuJbZ6ziRh4qFCawTHP.html|accessdate=27 September 2021|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210927084129/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/30-000-saffron-soldiers-take-up-narendra-modi-s-fight/story-OGhAuJbZ6ziRh4qFCawTHP.html|archivedate=27 September 2021}}</ref> Ngosipụta nke Bharat Vikas Parishad gụnyere nhazi ọha mmadụ maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha. A hụrụ alaka mpaghara BVP ka ha na-ekesa ihe nchacha ọcha na ịkwalite mmata gbasara ịkpachara anya iji gbochie COVID-19 ịgbasa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=भारत विकास परिषद ने कोरोना योद्धाओं को बांटे सेनेटाइजर|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/kannauj/story-bharat-vikas-parishad-distributes-sanitizer-to-corona-warriors-3184974.html|work=livehindustan.com|language=hindi|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=अभियंता सुधाकर व्यास ने शादी की सालगिरह पर बांधे 100 परिंडे|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/local/rajasthan/kota/baran/news/engineer-sudhakar-vyas-tied-100-birds-on-wedding-anniversary-127261317.html|author=Kumar|first=Indrabhushan|date=1 May 2020|work=Dainik Bhaskar|language=hi|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> E mekwara ikesa ndị mmadụ ihe oriri. <ref>{{Cite web|title=भारत विकास परिषद ने मजदूरों के बीच किया राशन सामग्री का वितरण|url=https://www.jagran.com/bihar/east-champaran-bharat-vikas-parishad-distributed-ration-material-among-laborers-20163351.html|work=Dainik Jagran|language=hi|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=भारत विकास परिषद ने कर्मयोगी अखबार वितरकों को सम्मानित किया|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttar-pradesh/kannauj/story-bharat-vikas-parishad-honored-karmayogi-newspaper-distributors-3163025.html|work=livehindustan.com|language=hindi|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> Na Septemba 2020, BVP nyere 2.11 crore na PM Cares Fund . <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://wap.business-standard.com/article-amp/current-affairs/bharat-vikas-parishad-contributes-rs-2-11-crore-to-pm-cares-fund-govt-120092801246_1.html|title=Bharat Vikas Parishad contributes Rs 2.11 crore to PM Cares Fund: Govt|work=Business Standard India|date=28 September 2020}}</ref> === Ọmụmụ ihe maka ụmụ akwụkwọ === Alaka mpaghara BVP kesara ohere mmụta maka ụmụ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=भारत विकास परिषद ने मेधावी छात्रों व शिक्षकों को सम्मानित|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/uttarakhand/rudrapur/story-bharat-vikas-parishad-honored-meritorious-students-and-teachers-2731254.html|work=livehindustan.com|language=hindi|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> === Nzụlite nka maka kpuru ìsì === N'okpuru mmemme mgbasa ozi ọha mmadụ BVP kwadoro mmemme mmepe nka maka ndị ìsì. <ref>{{Cite web|title=बिना आंखों का ये व्यक्ति नेत्रहीन बच्चों के जीवन में भर रहा उजाला, भारत विकास परिषद ने किया सम्मानित|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/uttar-pradesh/varanasi/blind-man-learn-skill-to-blind-students-in-varanasi-bharat-vikas-parishad-awarded|work=Amar Ujala|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == {| class="wikitable" |+Enyere Bharat Vikas Parishad <ref>{{Cite web|title=National Awards – Bharat Vikas Parishad|url=https://bvpindia.com/about-us-2/national-awards/|accessdate=1 May 2020}}</ref> ! Afọ ! Ihe nrite ! Ebe ! Onye nyere ya |- | 1995 | Ihe nrite mba | Delhi | Onye isi ala India |- | 2004 | [[National Awards for e-Governance|Ihe nrite mba]] | Ludhiana | Onye isi ala India |- | 2007 | Ihe nrite FICCI | Ludhiana | Prime Minister nke India |- | 2008 | Nirmal Gram Puraskar | Delhi | Onye isi ala India |} == Edensibia == nri. Ebubere ya na aha - Citizens Council iji kpọkọta ndị mmadụ megide mwakpo ndị China na ókèala India mana emechara debanye aha{{Reflist|30em}} 2k7ozvlhxdpane9u0l80peifwpei72h 0 41577 656714 159462 2026-06-23T03:41:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656714 wikitext text/x-wiki Conwy & Denbighshire NHS Trust bụ NHS Trust na Wales .  Isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Trust dị na Glan Clwyd Hospital, na Bodelwyddan, na nso Rhyl, Denbighshire .  A kpọrọ aha obi ahụ na ' , ikegwọ 40 kacha elu' na UK maka awụ ise na-agba na 2006, aha nke CHKS nyere. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == Ntụ obi hibere na 1 ika 1999, site na ihe ngosi nke Glan Clwyd District General Hospital NHS Trust na nke Clwydian Community Care NHS Trust (ọkara nke ọzọ na-etinye uche na North East Wales NHS Trust, yana otu nke Gwynedd Community Health.  obi ( ndị mmụọ ọzọ na-eme North West Wales NHS Trust ) Trust ahụ jeere ndị bi na etiti North Wales, mpaghara Conwy na Denbighshire.  O nwere ndị ọrụ 5,325 dị ka nke 1 2006. Onye isi oche bụ Mr Alun Lewis. Conwy & Denbighshire NHS Trust gbara otu nnukwu nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ (Glan Clwyd Hospital), ụlọ ọgwụ abụọ nwere nnukwu nnukwu (HM Stanley na St. Asaph), na ụlọ ọgwụ Abergele, ụlọ ọgwụ obodo 6, na ngalaba ahụike uche. Ekwenyere na mmiri 2008 na Conwy & Denbighshire NHS Trust bu n'obi ijikọ na North East Wales NHS Trust .  Nkwenye akara abụọ ahụ ahụ na-egosi ahụ, yana osisi sitere n'aka onye pastọ na 22 Mee 2008. [1] Eji ozi obi ahụ nwa oge na North Wales NHS Trust na 1 egosi 2009, na ka emezi si n'ihu n  'ime ọhụrụ, na-akpata NHS Trusts atọ na North Wales nke gosiri Betsi Cadwaladr University Local Health Board na 1 October 2009. == Nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ == Nnukwu ụlọ ọgwụ bụ: * Ụlọ ọgwụ Abergele * Colwyn Bay Community Hospital * Ụlọ ọgwụ Conwy, Conwy, mechiri na 2003. * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Obodo Denbigh * Ụlọ ọgwụ Glan Clwyd . * HM Stanley Hospital, St. Asaph, mechiri Eprel 2012. * Ụlọ Ọgwụ Obodo Llangollen, mechiri Maachị 2013. * Prestatyn Community Hospital, mechiri mmiri 2013. * Ụlọ ọgwụ Royal Alexandra, Rhyl * Ruthin Community Hospital, Ruthin . == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110316182935/http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/home.cfm?orgid=115 Ụlọ ọrụ Conwy & Denbighshire NHS Trust] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110101135739/http://www.wales.nhs.uk/sites3/page.cfm?orgId=115&pid=17046 Akụkọ C&D Trust] (ọtụtụ faịlụ PDF ) [[Òtù:Ịda ogbenye]] 0yhqcubzivb4uc6dxhcd1pbkde8rm1h 0 46539 656739 624484 2026-06-23T09:45:46Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656739 wikitext text/x-wiki Didier William bụ onye na-ese ihe agwakọta [1] sitere na Port-au-Prince, Haiti .  [2] [3] [4] Ọrụ ya na-agụnye omenala na isiokwu, acrylic, collage na printmaking iji kwuo okwu njikọ nke ike na omenala. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.artinamericamagazine.com/reviews/didier-william/|title=Didier William|work=Art in America}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/arts/design/what-to-see-in-new-york-art-galleries-this-week.html|title=What to See in New York Art Galleries This Week|date=2018-11-14|work=The New York Times|accessdate=2019-03-18|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ == Nwanna William na 1983 na Port-au-Prince, Haiti.  [1] O tolitere na Miami, Florida, wee nata BFA na ụzọ site na Maryland Institute College of Art .  [2] [3] [4] [1] William fahimtar MFA na ụzọ na nbipụta site na akwụkwọ ikike akwụkwọ Yale . <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://annazorinagallery.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/BIO-WILLIAM.pdf|title=Anna Zorina Gallery - William Didier Biography|date=March 2018|work=Anna Zorina Gallery}}</ref> .Ọ bụ onye na-ese ihe na ebe obibi na Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation Archived <nowiki></link></nowiki> na Brooklyn, NY ma kuziere ihe na Yale School of Art, Vassar College, Columbia University, na SUNY Purchase .  Na 2016 mgbaàmà ya Onye isi oche nke ịhụnanya MFA na Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts na Philadelphia.  Ɔ adwuma a na Mee 2019. [1] [2] [3] N'oge ike 2019, a nchọpụta Didier onye-enwe Prọfesọ na Expanded Print na Mason Gross School of Arts na Mahadum Rutgers, NJ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.masongross.rutgers.edu/content/didier-william-appointed-assistant-professor-expanded-print|title=Didier William appointed Assistant Professor in Expanded Print|date=March 29, 2019|work=Mason Gross School of the Arts}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ihe osise Didier William na-eche echiche isi ojii na ndị na-eso ụzọ a na-ahụ anya na mmegbu mmadụ na eze, na-adabere na mkpuchi ya nke agha United States site na Haiti.  Ọrụ ya na-agụnye nke ọdịnala nke ezinụlọ ha, mana na mkpokọta na mgbasa ozi agwakọta iji ncheta uche n'ọkwa na ihe ọ gbakwunyere na ibe ọ mgbasa.  A na- iyọ nke Didier nke anya, Haitian Voudou, ihe mere eme eme, ifo, na ike site n'ịbụ ndị na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ.  [1] [2] Ihe ọdịdị ya, Stages, Shadows series (2017-2018) bụ nke nke ike ns sitere na ihe omume gbara ya gburugburu Trayvon Martin, onye na-eto eto na-menye ngwa ngwa bụ onye a gbagburu na 2012  Ọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbu a na nnukwu ọrụ ego, Stages, Shadows maka 2020 <ref name=":8">{{Cite web|url=http://www.strangefirecollective.com/qa-didier-william|title=Q&A: Didier William|author=Soldi|first=Rafael|date=December 13, 2018|work=Strange Fire Collective}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi === E taka ọrụ ya na ihe ngosi otu na ihe ngosi solo na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche, The Museum of Latin American Art in Long Beach, Bronx Museum of Art, Frederick na Freiser Gallery, The Fraenkel Gallery, na Gallery Schuster na Berlin<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.design.upenn.edu/fine-arts/graduate/people/didier-william|title=Graduate Fine Arts {{!}} PennDesign|work=www.design.upenn.edu|accessdate=2019-03-18}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://www.umass.edu/art/event/visiting-artist/2018/didier-william|title=Didier William - 2018/2019 Visiting Artist and Practitioner Series {{!}} Department of Art {{!}} UMass Amherst|work=www.umass.edu|accessdate=2019-03-18|archivedate=2019-03-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327101116/https://www.umass.edu/art/event/visiting-artist/2018/didier-william}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://fas.camden.rutgers.edu/2018/03/16/visiting-artists-program-continues-mar-27-with-didier-william/|title=Visiting Artists' Program Continues Mar. 27 with Didier William – Faculty of Arts and Sciences|work=fas.camden.rutgers.edu|accessdate=2019-03-18}}</ref> ==== Ihe ngosi Solo ==== 2010. Didier William na Galerie Schuster, Berlin Germany <ref name=":4"/> 2015. “Camouflage” Hap Gallery, Portland, Oregon <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hapgallery.com/hapworks/william-camouflage/|title=Hap Gallery {{!}} HapWorks {{!}} Camouflage|work=hapgallery.com|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2019-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325110423/https://hapgallery.com/hapworks/william-camouflage/}}</ref> 2017. "Swarm," PRIZM Art Fair, Miami, Fl (ihe ngosi mmadụ 2 na Nestor Armando Gil) <ref name=":4"/> 2017. "Anyị ga-emeri," Tiger gburu Asteroid, New York NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tigerstrikesasteroid.com/post/165673716139/ny-didier-william-we-will-win|title=NY / Didier William: We Will Win|work=Tiger Strikes Asteroid|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2019-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325110425/http://www.tigerstrikesasteroid.com/post/165673716139/ny-didier-william-we-will-win}}</ref> ==== Ihe ngosi otu ==== 2005. "Disegno: Ihe ngosi nka nke oge a," MICA, Kansas City Art Institute, Princeton University, California College of Art, Pennsylvania Academy of Art <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://annazorinagallery.com/artist/didier-william/biography/|title=Biography {{!}} Anna Zorina Gallery|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2008. "Ndị ntụgharị", Gateway/BlackBox Gallery, Maryland Institute College of Art <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmoreart.com/2008/11/transformers-more-than-meets-eye-at.html|title=Transformers: More Than Meets The Eye at MICA October 13 – November 16 – BmoreArt {{!}} Baltimore Contemporary Art|author=Ober|first=Cara|date=5 November 2008|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2019-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325110420/http://www.bmoreart.com/2008/11/transformers-more-than-meets-eye-at.html}}</ref> 2008. "New Akademiks", Galerie Schuster, Berlin Germany <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/The-New-Akademiks/BFB252739D710FAA|title=MutualArt.com - The Web's Largest Art Information Service.|work=www.mutualart.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2009. "Ihe ngosi okpomọkụ", Kravets Wehby Gallery, New York, NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/Summer-Exhibition/BF9583730111A839|title=MutualArt.com - The Web's Largest Art Information Service.|work=www.mutualart.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2009. "Mepee," Deitch Projects Long Island City, New York, NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mutualart.com/Exhibition/The-Open/36CD757E0CA6AF17|title=MutualArt.com - The Web's Largest Art Information Service.|work=www.mutualart.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2010. “Ama ọma jijiji”, Renaissance fin Art, New York, NY <ref name=":4"/> 2010. "Ọ dị mma izute gị", Sloan fine Art, New York, NY <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://coleccion-jimenezcolon.com/section/214959-William-Didier.html|title=William, Didier|work=coleccion-jimenezcolon.com|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2010. "Aga m ekwe ka ị nọrọ na nrọ m, ọ bụrụ na m nwere ike ịnọ na nke gị", Fredericks & Freiser Gallery, New York, NY <ref name=":4"/> 2011. "Omenala na-emekọrịta ihe / ụwa na-eme ihe na-eme ihe", Ụlọ ihe nkiri dị n'okpuru ala na The Betsy Hotel, Miami, FL <ref name=":4"/> 2011. Momenta Art Benefit, Loretta Howard Gallery, New York, NY <ref name=":4"/> 2011. “Ama ọma jijiji” nke Haiti Cultural Exchange haziri, Brooklyn NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://repeatingislands.com/2011/01/04/artquake-projects-commemorates-haiti%e2%80%99s-2010-earthquake/|title=ArtQuake projects commemorates Haiti's 2010 earthquake|author=lisaparavisini|date=2011-01-04|work=Repeating Islands|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2015-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150404204357/http://repeatingislands.com/2011/01/04/artquake-projects-commemorates-haiti%E2%80%99s-2010-earthquake/}}</ref> 2012. "Mark, Scrape, Wipe, Shape," nke Spaceshifter Projects haziri ma mee ya site na Sangram Majumdar na Karla Wozniak, Brooklyn, NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jackiegendel.com/index.php?/upcoming/mark-scrape-wipe-shape-at-spaceshifter/|title=Mark, Scrape, Wipe, Shape : Jackie Gendel|work=www.jackiegendel.com|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2019-06-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190609220255/http://www.jackiegendel.com/index.php?/upcoming/mark-scrape-wipe-shape-at-spaceshifter/}}</ref> 2014. "Ụgbọ mmiri ngosi emelitere," Brooklyn, NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://zacharykeeting.com/?cat=57|title=Zachary Keeting / Improvised Showboat|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2014. "Ọ dịghị ebe ọzọ", Alferro Gallery, Newark, NJ <ref name=":4"/> 2015. "Ọkpọ oku Bronx," Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Bronx nke Arts, New York, NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bronxmuseum.org/exhibitions/bronx-calling_2|title=Bronx Calling - Exhibitions - The Bronx Museum of the Arts|work=www.bronxmuseum.org|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2019-03-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302060444/http://www.bronxmuseum.org/exhibitions/bronx-calling_2}}</ref> 2015. "Obi bụ onye dinta naanị ya," The Fraenkel Gallery, San Francisco, CA <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fraenkelgallery.com/exhibitions/the-heart-is-a-lonely-hunter-curated-by-katy-grannan|title=The Heart is a Lonely Hunter: Curated by Katy Grannan|work=Fraenkel Gallery|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2016. "Fern gbasaa" Moskowitz Bayse <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moskowitzbayse.com/group-exhibition-enlarged-fern|title=Group Exhibition - Enlarged Fern|work=Moskowitz Bayse|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2017. Oge Ọkọlọtọ Pacific, “Relational Undercurrents” Museum of Latin American Art, Long Beach, CA <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wallach.columbia.edu/exhibitions/relational-undercurrents-contemporary-art-caribbean-archipelago|title=Relational Undercurrents: Contemporary Art of the Caribbean Archipelago|date=2017-08-04|work=Wallach Art Gallery {{!}} Columbia University|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2017. "Accordion Space," Feigenbaum Center for Visual Arts, Union College, Schenectedy. NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://muse.union.edu/visualarts/accordion-space/|title=Accordion Space {{!}} Visual Arts|work=muse.union.edu|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2019-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325110429/https://muse.union.edu/visualarts/accordion-space/}}</ref> 2017. "Ihe ngosi ncheta ncheta ụbọchị nduru onye njem," La Maison D'Art, NY <ref name=":4"/> 2017. "Mpịakọta Iri," CR Ettinger Studio, Philadelphia, PA <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.title-magazine.com/2017/12/fold-ten-conversations/|title=Fold: Ten Conversations|author=Mitchell|first=Samantha|date=2017-12-21|work=Title Magazine|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2018. "Aesthetics of Matter," Volta Art Fair, NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hyperallergic.com/431327/aesthetics-matter-volta-art-fair/|title=Aesthetics Matter at the Volta Art Fair|date=2018-03-09|work=Hyperallergic|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2018. "Isness," Morgan Lehman Gallery, NY <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artsy.net/show/morgan-lehman-gallery-isness|title=Isness {{!}} Morgan Lehman Gallery {{!}} Artsy|work=www.artsy.net|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25}}</ref> 2018. "Anya dị ịtụnanya," Gildar Gallery, Denver, CO <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gildargallery.com/exhibitions/strange-looks|title=Strange Looks|date=2018-03-04|work=Gildar Gallery|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-25|archivedate=2019-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190325110432/https://www.gildargallery.com/exhibitions/strange-looks}}</ref> === Ihe nrite === 2007. Morris Louis Award maka Ọkachamma na eserese <ref name=":6"/> 2006 & 7. Akwụkwọ edemede Maryland maka Ọkachamma na Arts, Ọfịs nke Senator Verna Jones <ref name=":6"/> 2007 & 8. MFA Student Fellowship, Yale University School of Art <ref name=":6"/> 2009. Toby Devan Lewis Fellowship maka eserese <ref name=":6"/> 2009, 10, na 11. Onye nnata ihe enyemaka Hearst Foundation <ref name=":6"/> 2012. Artist in Residence. Marie Walsh Sharpe Art Foundation Space Programme, Brooklyn NY <ref name=":6"/> 2014. Onye na-ese ihe na Ebe Ahịa, Bronx Museum of Art <ref name=":6"/> 2018. Ihe nturu ugo Rosenthal Family Foundation na nka <ref name=":6"/> == Ntụaka == <references /> == Njikọ mpụga == {{DEFAULTSORT:William, Didier}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230922223446/https://artcritical.com/2017/11/19/coloneobaroque-didier-william-tiger-strikes-asteroid/ Coloneobaroque: Didier William na Tiger na-egbu Asteroid] . * [https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/08/arts/design/what-to-see-in-new-york-art-galleries-this-week.html "Ihe ị ga-ahụ na New York Galleries: Didier William"] * [https://hyperallergic.com/409344/didier-william-we-will-win-tiger-strikes-asteroid-new-york-2017/ “Ndị nka Haiti na-eme ka anya,”] * [http://www.twocoatsofpaint.com/2017/11/didier-william-the-unblinking-eye.html "Didier William: Anya na-adịghị atụgharị,"] * [http://www.twocoatsofpaint.com/2017/11/didier-william-the-unblinking-eye.html "Mkparịta ụka Ann Pale/ Cafe: Artquake"] , * [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/william-eckhardt-kohler/mark-wipe-scrape-shape-spaceshifter_b_2201986.html " Ndụ eserese: Mark, Scrape, Hichapụ, Ọdịdị, na Spaceshifter," The Huffington Post] , * [http://www.gorkysgranddaughter.com/2014/04/didier-william-march-2014.html "Didier William: Nleta Studio" Tebụl nke onye na-ese ihe] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241219133321/http://www.artpractical.com/review/the-heart-is-a-lonely-hunter/ "Obi bụ dinta naanị ya" ArtPractical] , * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240303044457/https://www.umass.edu/art/event/visiting-artist/2018/didier-william "Didier William - 2018/2019 Onye na-ese ihe na usoro mmemme nleta"] * https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45319859 [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] onu5y9xp7r18jxcszq3gd0pdowhq913 0 47266 656705 171440 2026-06-23T01:47:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656705 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=|name=Chuck Graham|state_senate1=Missouri|district1=19th|term_start1=January 2005|term_end1=January 2009|predecessor1=[[Ken Jacob]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=178660 | title=Our Campaigns - MO State Senate 19 Race - Nov 02, 2004 }}</ref>|successor1=[[Kurt Schaefer]]|state_house2=Missouri|district2=24th|term_start2=January 1997|term_end2=January 2005|predecessor2=Jim Pauley<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=254268 | title=Our Campaigns - MO State House 024 Race - Nov 05, 1996 }}</ref>|successor2=[[Ed Robb]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=25626 | title=Our Campaigns - MO State House 024 Race - Nov 05, 2002 }}</ref>|party=[[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]|spouse=|birth_date={{Birth date|1965|02|24}}|birth_place=[[St. Louis]], [[Missouri]], United States|death_date={{Death date and age|2020|05|19|1965|02|24}}|death_place=|alma_mater=[[University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign]] ([[Bachelor of Science|BS]])|residence=}} '''Charles Graham''' (N’ubochi iri abuo na ano n’onwa Febuwari n’afo otu puku nari itolu na iri isii na ise ruo n’ubochi nke iri na itolu n’onwa Mee, n’afo puku abuo na iri abuo) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America na Democratic Party onye nọchitere anya 19th Senate District na Missouri General Assembly, nke gụnyere obodo Columbia, Missouri, ebe ọ bi. A mụrụ Graham na St. Louis, [[Mizurị|Missouri]]. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Illinois Urbana-Champaign n’afo otu puku nari itolu na iri asato na asaa na B.S. na journalism. <ref>[http://justfacts.votesmart.org/candidate/biography/11494/charles-graham Votesmart.com.]</ref> A họpụtara ya na mbụ na Missouri House of Representatives n’afo otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na isii ma jee ozi n'ebe ahụ ruo afo puku abuo na ise. A họpụtara ya na mbụ na Senate nke steeti Missouri n’afo puku abuo na ano, ma jee ozi dị ka onye na-enyere ndị Minority Floor Leader aka. A kpọtụrụ ya aha dị ka onye nwere ike ịzọ ọkwa na ntuli aka Senate nke United States n'afọ puku abuo na isii mana ọ kwụsịrị iji kwado onye na-ahụ maka nyocha steeti n'oge ahụ bụ Claire McCaskill. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kọmitii ndị a: * Mmụta * Nhọpụta ndị gọvanọ * Ikpe na Iwu Obodo na nke Mpụ * Ezumike nká, Ihe Ndị Agha na Iwu Nchịkọta N'afọ otu puku nari itolu na iri itolu na asato, Graham tụrụ aro iwu nke ga-enye ndị mkpọrọ nọ n'ọnụ Ọnwụ ohere inye akụkụ ahụ (mụrụ ma ọ bụ ụmị ọkpụkpụ) iji gbanwere ikpe ọnwụ ha. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1347&dat=19980316&id=jvkSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Jv0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5666,5162297|date=1998-03-16|accessdate=2009-11-09|author=Strait|first=Jason|work=[[The Ledger]]|page=A10|title=Oregon Inmate Donation Proposed}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://record.wustl.edu/archive/1998/04-09-98/articles/analysis.html|title=Proposed organ donation by death row inmates medically risky, coerced and immoral, expert says|date=1998-04-09|accessdate=2009-11-09|author=Lowell, Jeffrey A.|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090511000050/http://record.wustl.edu/archive/1998/04-09-98/articles/analysis.html|archivedate=2009-05-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bioethics.iu.edu/body.cfm?id=79|title=Death Row Organ Donation|accessdate=2009-11-09|publisher=[[Indiana University]]|author=Meslin, Eric M.|archivedate=September 4, 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120904014754/http://bioethics.iu.edu/body.cfm?id=79}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye nkwado siri ike nke nyocha stem-cell. N'abalị iri abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ puku abuo na asaa, Ngalaba Ndị Uwe Ojii Columbia jidere Graham n'ihi ebubo na ọ na-akwọ ụgbọala mgbe ọ ṅụbigara mmanya ókè mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ụgbọala n'azụ ya n'ụlọ ya na Southwest Columbia. E mechara kwụsị ikike ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.columbiatribune.com/2007/Oct/20071024News043.asp|title=Text of Columbia Police Department report|accessdate=2008-09-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080829124624/http://www.columbiatribune.com/2007/Oct/20071024News043.asp|archivedate=2008-08-29}}</ref> Graham bụ onye nwere nkwarụ mgbe o nwere ihe mberede ụgbọala mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii. Ọ natara nlebara anya mba n'oge mkpọsa telivishọn nke afọ puku abuo na asato na Columbia. Onye osote onye isi ala Joe Biden gwara ya ka ọ guzoro ma o doro anya na ọ maghị na ọ nwere ahụ mkpọnwụ. Mgbe Biden ghọtara na Graham enweghị ike iguzo ọtọ, ọ rịọrọ ìgwè mmadụ ka ha guzoro ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRV5Y1JCGRI|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171019183922/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRV5Y1JCGRI|archivedate=19 October 2017|title=Biden Gaffe: Asks a Gentleman in a Wheelchair to Stand Up|author=jimmydean31432|date=9 September 2008|publisher=|accessdate=31 October 2017}}</ref> N’abali ano n’onwa Nọvemba, n’afo puku abuo na asato, Graham tụfuru oche ya mgbe onye Republican Kurt Schaefer meriri ya na ntuli aka. Mgbe ntuli aka nke afọ puku abuo na asato gasịrị, ọ mara ọkwa na o nweghị atụmatụ ọ bụla n'ọdịnihu iji gbaa ọsọ maka ọkwa ọha. Graham nwụrụ n’abali iri na itolu n’onwa Mee, n’afo puku abuo na iri abuo mgbe ọ dị afọ iri ise na ise. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.komu.com/news/chuck-graham-former-state-senator-dies|title=Chuck Graham, former state senator, dies at 55|accessdate=May 20, 2020|archivedate=May 21, 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200521143243/https://www.komu.com/news/chuck-graham-former-state-senator-dies}}</ref> == Ihe odide == * ''Akwụkwọ ntuziaka gọọmentị, Steeti Missouri, 2005-2006.'' Jefferson City, MO: odeakwụkwọ nke steeti. {{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://archive.today/20130203003721/http://www.statesurge.com/members/1506 Iwu Chuck Graham ugbu a] * [http://www.senate.mo.gov/05info/members/mem19.htm Ozi ndị otu Senate - Chuck Graham, D-19] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160305150931/http://missouricures.com/news_032805ct.php Isiokwu Chicago Tribune] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120208110459/http://www.columbiamissourian.com/stories/2007/10/21/sen-chuck-graham-arrested-suspicion-driving-while-/ Sen. Chuck Graham jidere n'ihi ebubo ịkwọ ụgbọala mgbe ọ ṅụbigara mmanya ókè] * [http://www.columbiatribune.com/2008/Nov/20081105News003.asp Schaefer na-ewe Graham iwe]  [[Òtù:Visibilizing disabilities in Nigeria (1.0)]] [[Òtù:Igbo wikimedians user Group]] jlxx0nze9ixnomiqwszvr6zn8a1y8pn 0 47636 656690 212041 2026-06-22T20:20:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person|name=Carl Franklin|image=Carl Franklin publicity photo from Fantastic Journey cast, 1977 (cropped).JPG|caption=Franklin in 1977|birth_name=Carl Michael Franklin|birth_date={{birth date and age|1949|4|11}}|birth_place=[[Richmond, California]], U.S.|death_date=|death_place=|occupation=[[Film director]], television director, actor, screenwriter, producer|education=[[University of California, Berkeley]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])<br>[[American Film Institute]] ([[Master of Fine Arts|MFA]])|years_active=1973–present}} '''Carl Franklin''' (amuru Eprel 11, 1949) <ref name="hollywood1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/189750/Carl_Franklin |title=Carl Franklin {{pipe}} Biography, Photos, Movies, TV, Credits {{pipe}} Hollywood.com |accessdate=2013-01-25 |archivedate=2012-11-04 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104042918/http://www.hollywood.com/celebrity/189750/Carl_Franklin }}</ref> bu onye ihe nkiri America. Franklin bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum California, Berkeley, wee gaa n'ihu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na AFI Conservatory, ebe ọ gụsịrị akara mmụta MFA na nduzi na 1986. == Ndụ mbido == Franklin tolitere na Richmond, California . <ref name="latimes1995" /> Ọ dịghị mgbe ọ nwere ohere ịmara nna mụrụ ya, bụ onye nwụrụ tupu a mụọ Carl. Franklin bụ nne ya na nna nkuchi ya tolitere. Ọ bụ ezie na Franklin na-ekwu okwu nke ọma banyere nna nkuchi ya ma kpọọ ya "ezigbo ịhụnanya", <ref name="answers1">[http://www.answers.com/topic/carl-franklin Carl Franklin: Biography from Answers.com]</ref> o kwuwo banyere omume mkparị nna nkuchi ya, na-ejikọta iwe ya na ịṅụ mmanya na-aba n'anya. Nsogbu dị n'ụlọ yana ndụ na agbata obi siri ike kpaliri ọchịchọ Franklin ịbụ onye mbụ n'ime ezinụlọ ya ịga kọleji. Enyere ya akwụkwọ mmụta na Mahadum California, Berkeley . Ọchịchọ mbụ Franklin ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi ma ọ bụ onye ọka iwu dugara ya ịmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọ bịarutere mahadum. Agbanyeghị, ka afọ abụọ gachara, Franklin gbanwere isi ya na nka ihe nkiri. Franklin esonyeghị aka n'ọtụtụ ihe ngosi na Berkeley n'oge ahụ. N'ịkọwa ọnọdụ ahụ, Franklin gwara ''LA Times'' : "Ọ dị ka nrọ nye m, enweghị m ọkaibe nke ọma iji sonyere otu mmegharị." </link> == Ọrụ ime ihe == AMgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, Franklin mere mpụta mbụ ihe nkiri ya dị ka ohu na ụlọ ihe nkiri The Public Theatre nke ''Timon nke Athens'' . Ọ ga-aga n'ihu ime ihe na mmepụta Mark Taper Forum nke ''In the Belly of the Beast. <ref name="latimes1995">{{Cite web|author=Goldstein|first=Patrick|date=September 24, 1995|title=Easing Into Old L.A.|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-09-24-ca-49274-story.html|accessdate=November 27, 2022|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGoldstein1995">Goldstein, Patrick (September 24, 1995). [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-09-24-ca-49274-story.html "Easing Into Old L.A."] ''Los Angeles Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 27,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref>'' Otu n'ime ọrụ mbụ ya bụ ime ihe nkiri na New York Shakespeare Festival, ebe ọ pụtara na ''abalị iri na abụọ'' na ''Cymbeline'' . Franklin malitere ọrụ ya na ihuenyo na fim ''Five on the Black Hand Side'' na 1973. Site n'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ndị ọbịa na ihe ngosi telivishọn dị ka Barnaby Jones; ihe omume akpọrọ "Lekwasị anya na egwu" (January 31, 1980). ''Faịlụ Rockford'', ''Oge ọma'', ''Hulk na-enweghị atụ'' na ''okporo ụzọ San Francisco'' . <ref name="answers1"/> N'ime afọ ndị gafeworonụ, ọdịdị Franklin ebutela ya ọrụ na-egosi ndị nwere ikike, dị ka ndị uwe ojii ma ọ bụ ndị isi agha. N'agbata 1975 na 1985 Franklin bụ onye na-eme ihe nkedo oge niile na usoro TV anọ. Nke mbụ, ABC 's ''Caribe'' na 1975, bụ ihe nkiri mmanye iwu nke wesara nkeji iri na atọ wee tụba ya dị ka onye uwe ojii Sajan Mark Walters. Afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, NBC 's fantasy-sayensị usoro akụkọ ifo ''The Fantastic Journey'' were maka nkeji iri, ya na Franklin dị ka dọkịta na-eto eto na-eme egwuregwu Dr. Fred Walters. Mgbe afọ anọ ọzọ gasịrị, ihe nkiri telivishọn nke awa abụọ, ''Iwu McClain'', dugara na usoro ndị uwe ojii nke abụọ nke Franklin aha ya bụ, na telefilm, ''Iwu McClain'', ụgbọ ala NBC nke oge a maka ''Gunsmoke'' star James Arness, na Franklin nke ise dị ka onye uweojii na-achọpụta ihe. Jerry Cross, mana usoro 1981–82 dị naanị nkeji iri na anọ. Ọrụ kacha dịrị ogologo oge nke Franklin na ama ama bụ ihe ngosi 1983–85 nke Captain Crane na usoro ihe omume ama ama ''The A-Team'' . <ref name="hollywood1"/> == Ọrụ ihe nkiri == N'ịbụ onye sitere na ihe nkiri mmefu ego dị ala nke 1980, dị ka ''Chan Is Missing'' (1982), Franklin debara aha na AFI Conservatory na Los Angeles na 1986. <ref name="latimes1995"/> Ihe nkiri AFI nke nkeji 30 ya ''bụ Punk'' bụ maka nwa nwoke onye America America nọ na South-central Los Angeles na-emekọ ihe gbasara mmekọahụ na nwoke. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Loynd|first=Ray|date=August 6, 1993|title=TV REVIEWS : 'Punk': An Odyssey for the Young at Heart|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-08-06-ca-20829-story.html|accessdate=December 3, 2022|work=Los Angeles Times|language=en-US}}</ref> Site na mmemme Nna-ukwu ya, Franklin nwetara ọrụ ya na onye na-emepụta ihe nkiri Roger Corman na 1989. Mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Concord Films, Franklin nwetara ahụmahụ na-arụ ọrụ na fim ndị na-emefu ego dị ala, na-enyere aka ịmepụta ihe nkiri isii n'ime nanị afọ abụọ. Site na 1989 ruo 1990, Franklin rụrụ ọrụ na ''Enweghị ebe ọ ga-agba ọsọ'', ''Anya nke Ugo 2: N'ime Onye iro'', na ''Fathom Ise zuru oke'', n'otu n'otu, n'okpuru Concord Films. Na njedebe nke 80s, onye na-emepụta [[Jesse Beaton]] na-achọ onye nduzi maka ihe nkiri a na-akpọ ''Otu Ntugharị Ụgha'' . N'icheta obere ihe nkiri Franklin ''Punk'', Beaton zutere Carl iji kwurịta ọhụụ nke ihe nkiri ahụ. Ụzọ Franklin si mee ihe nkiri nlegharị anya weputara ihe na-akpali akpali nke ụdị ihe nkiri noir . Akụkọ ahụ na-esote ndị na-ere ọgwụ atọ, nke Billy Bob Thornton, Cynda Williams na Michael Beach na-eme na mmekọrịta ha na onye isi uwe ojii Arkansas nke Bill Paxton na-egwuri egwu. <ref name="hollywood1"/> N'ebe dị anya site na obere mmefu ego ya gara aga, mmefu ego Franklin nke $ 2 nde nyere ya ntakịrị ọnụ ụlọ iji mepụta ihe, wee nweta ọhụụ ya niile maka ihe nkiri ahụ. Otú ọ dị, e chere na fim mbụ e wepụtara na 1991, bụ nke na-eme ihe ike gabiga ókè. Na nzaghachi nye nkwupụta ndị dị otú ahụ, Franklin gwara ''onye na-ekiri ihe'', "Achọghị m ka ndị mmadụ na-enwe obi ụtọ ịhụ otú e nwere ike isi gbuo onye dị mma ... Achọrọ m ka ndị na-ege ntị nwee mmetụta mmetụta uche nke ndụ - ezi ime ihe ike bụ ọnwụ, Mmebi nke mmadụ. <ref name="hollywood1" /> N'agbanyeghị na ihe nkiri ahụ enweghị mgbasa ozi ọkachamara, ''One False Move'' bụ nke a na-akwalite nke ukwuu site n'okwu ọnụ wee nweta nyocha dị iche iche. Otú ọ dị, nyocha ndị dị mma dị nnọọ mma, na-enweta ọrụ ahụ nlebara anya karị. Akpọrọ ihe nkiri ahụ aha kacha mma nke afọ site na Gene Siskel, yana otu n'ime ihe nkiri iri kacha mma nke 1992 nke National Review Board. <ref name="jstor1">{{Cite journal|pages=8|title=BFC/A Hosts Carl Franklin|volume=15|issue=1|journal=Black Camera|year=2000}}</ref> Franklin jikọrọ aka na ndị na-emepụta Jonathan Demme na Jesse Beaton na imeghari akwụkwọ akụkọ Walter Mosley ''Ekwensu na uwe na-acha anụnụ anụnụ'' mgbe Demme nwetara ikike ihe nkiri ya. Franklin duziri wee dee ihe nkiri onyonyo a na mmefu ego US$21,000,000 . <ref name="latimes1995"/> Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara Denzel Washington dị ka Ezikiel "Easy" Rawlins . == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#bcbcbc;" |Year ! style="background:#bcbcbc;" |Award ! style="background:#bcbcbc;" |Result ! style="background:#bcbcbc;" |Category ! style="background:#bcbcbc;" |Film |- |1992 |Deauville Film Festival |'''Nominated''' |Critics Award |''One False Move'' |- style="background:#eaeaea;" |1992 |Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards |'''Won''' |New Generation Award |''One False Move'' |- | rowspan="2" |1992 | rowspan="2" |Mystfest |'''Nominated''' |Best Film |''One False Move'' |- style="background:#eaeaea;" |'''Won''' |Best Direction |''One False Move'' |- style="background:#eaeaea;" | rowspan="2" |1993 | rowspan="2" |Cognac Festival du Film Policier | rowspan="2" |'''Won''' |Grand Prix |''One False Move'' |- style="background:#eaeaea;" |Critics Award |''One False Move'' |- |1993 |Fantasporto |'''Nominated''' |Best Film |''One False Move'' |- style="background:#eaeaea;" |1993 |Independent Spirit Awards |'''Won''' |Best Director |''One False Move'' |- style="background:#eaeaea;" |1993 |MTV Movie Awards |'''Won''' |Best New Filmmaker |''One False Move'' |- |1995 |San Sebastián International Film Festival |'''Nominated''' |Golden Seashell |''Devil in a Blue Dress'' |- |1996 |American Film Institute |'''Won''' |Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal |"For Franklin's Outstanding Body of Work" |- |1996 |Edgar Allan Poe Awards |'''Nominated''' |Best Motion Picture |''Devil in a Blue Dress'' |- |2004 |Black Reel Awards |'''Nominated''' |Film: Best Director |''Out of Time'' |- |2014 |Primetime Emmy Awards |'''Nominated''' |Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series |''House of Cards'' (Episode: "Chapter 14") |} == Ntụaka == ike kpaliri ọchịchọ Franklin ịbụ onye mbụ n'ime ezinụlọ ya ịga kọleji. Enyere ya akwụkwọ mmụta na Mahadum California, Berkeley . Ọchịchọ mbụ Franklin ka ọ bụrụ onye nkuzi ma ọ bụ onye ọka iwu dugara ya ịmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme mgbe ọ bịarutere mahadum. Agbanyeghị, ka afọ abụọ gachara{{Reflist|2}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|name=Carl Franklin}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7kqmfvag19lcpxuwgvn4dlosnuppiyt 0 48153 656683 539902 2026-06-22T17:42:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder|image=Brenton Weyi.jpg}} {{Databox}}'''Brenton Weyi''' (amuru Jenụwarị 16, 1990) bụ onye edemede America, onye na-eche echiche, onye na-ede egwuregwu, onye na-ede uri na onye mmadụ. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.denvercenter.org/news-center/denver-center-theatre-company-expands-commitment-to-local-playwrights/|title=Denver Center Theatre Company expands commitment to local playwrights|author=Press|first=DCPA|date=2019-02-16|work=Denver Center for the Performing Arts|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://coloradocommunitymedia.com/stories/untold-denvers-next-massivemuse,269346|title=Untold: Denver's Next Massivemuse|date=2018-09-14|work=Colorado Community Media|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.westword.com/arts/feral-factory-launches-plan-to-activate-art-spaces-with-first-urban-collage-exhibit-8816722|title=Feral Factory Launches Plan to Activate Art Spaces With First Urban Collage Exhibit|author=Harris|first=Kyle|date=2017-02-22|work=Westword|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye mmekọ egwuregwu izizi na Denver Center maka Arts Arts <ref name=":3" /> yana onye ndu nhazi maka TEDxBoulder — otu n'ime mmemme TEDx kacha ukwuu n'ụwa niile. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://tedxboulder.com/speakers/brenton-weyi|title=Brenton Weyi|work=tedxboulder.com|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sueheilbronner.com/blog/what-does-entrepreneurship-have-to-do-with-stage-makeup-by-danielle-dannenberg|title=What Does Entrepreneurship Have to Do with Stage Makeup? By Danielle Dannenberg|work=sueheilbronner.com|accessdate=2019-03-11|archivedate=2019-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190818004518/https://www.sueheilbronner.com/blog/what-does-entrepreneurship-have-to-do-with-stage-makeup-by-danielle-dannenberg}}</ref> A maara ya maka imepụta ọzụzụ ọzụzụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.artsandvenuesdenver.com/about/diversity-equity-and-inclusiveness-initiative|title=Diversity, Equity and Inclusiveness Initiative {{!}} Denver Arts & Venues|author=Venues|first=Denver Arts &|work=www.artsandvenuesdenver.com|accessdate=2019-03-11|archivedate=2019-02-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190220171036/http://www.artsandvenuesdenver.com/about/diversity-equity-and-inclusiveness-initiative}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.westword.com/arts/colorado-creatives-brenton-weyi-11518074|title=Colorado Creatives: Brenton Weyi|author=Froyd|first=Susan|date=2019-10-21|work=Westword|accessdate=2019-11-23}}</ref> <ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-11|title=Living History With Brenton Weyi|url=https://www.lighthousewriters.org/blog/living-history-brenton-weyi|accessdate=2019-11-23|work=Lighthouse Writers Workshop|language=en}}</ref> yana maka egwu egwu ọ na-abịa, ''Obodo m, obodo m'' <ref name="Untold: Denver's Next Massivemuse">{{Cite web|url=http://lifeoncaphill.com/stories/untold-denvers-next-massivemuse,269346|title=Untold: Denver's Next Massivemuse|work=Colorado Community Media|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> <ref name=":6">{{Cite web|url=https://www.westword.com/arts/daniel-mazur-honored-as-a-colorado-creative-11198226|title=Colorado Creatives: Daniel Mazur|author=Froyd|first=Susan|date=2019-01-25|work=Westword|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web|url=https://www.westword.com/arts/best-things-to-do-in-denver-september-25-through-october-1-2018-10803755|title=The 21 Best Events in Denver, September 25-October 1|author=Staff|first=Westword|date=2018-09-25|work=Westword|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afterfm.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/shows.permalink/showID/23/showDate/2019-01-15/showName/Kabaret/kgnuShowID/157463|title=AfterFM - Kabaret - Building Community with The Storytellers|author=AfterFM.com|date=2019-01-15|work=afterfm.com|accessdate=2019-03-11|archivedate=2019-04-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407001640/http://www.afterfm.com/index.cfm/fuseaction/shows.permalink/showID/23/showDate/2019-01-15/showName/Kabaret/kgnuShowID/157463}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwa nwa nke onye ndu okpukpe Congo a na-asọpụrụ bụ Simon Kimbangu, nwa nwa nke onye ọchịchị obodo Charles Kisolokele, na onye sitere na onye amụma na onye isi ọchịchị Kongo King Kimpa Vita <ref name=":1">{{Cite news|author=Yessoufou|first=Moutiou|date=April 18, 2015|title=Brenton Weyi on 'African Roots'|url=http://kgnu.org/shows.php?name=africanroots|accessdate=March 20, 2016}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFYessoufou2015">Yessoufou, Moutiou (April 18, 2015). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220420031955/https://kgnu.org/shows.php?name=africanroots "Brenton Weyi on 'African Roots'"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2016</span>.</cite></ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Weyi a woyii wɔ Dallas, Texas, na wɔtoo Denver, [[Colorado]] ; ọ bụ nwa ndị mba ọzọ. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-22|title=A taste of the DCPA's fellowship for rising playwrights is at the Museum of Nature and Science's Botswana Hall|url=https://denverite.com/2019/10/22/get-a-taste-of-the-dcpas-fellowship-for-rising-playwrights-this-thursday-night/|accessdate=2019-11-23|work=Denverite|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://denverite.com/2019/10/22/get-a-taste-of-the-dcpas-fellowship-for-rising-playwrights-this-thursday-night/ "A taste of the DCPA's fellowship for rising playwrights is at the Museum of Nature and Science's Botswana Hall"]. ''Denverite''. 2019-10-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> O tolitere na-asụ [[Asụsụ French|French]] na [[Lingala]], ma mesịa mụọ Japanese. <ref name=":1" /> Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị George Washington, ebe ọ chịkọtara ndị otu ikpe mkpe mbụ ka ọ bụrụ onye mbụ na akụkọ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọhaneze Denver iji merie asọmpi steeti wee nweta aha mba kacha elu-5. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://gwhs.dpsk12.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/GW_IB_Broadcaster_2008_Aug_Sept.pdf|title=IB Broadcaster|author=High School|first=George Washington|date=2008-08-01}}</ref> Weyi wee gaa Whitman College, ebe o nwetara ogo na ma nkà ihe ọmụma na akụkọ ihe mere eme. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/whitmanpio/docs/circuit_issue3_web/24|title=The Circuit: Graduation Edition|work=Issuu|date=7 May 2012|accessdate=2019-03-11|archivedate=2024-06-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240614224237/https://issuu.com/whitmanpio/docs/circuit_issue3_web/24}}</ref> Ọ pụtara n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ihe nkiri, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whitmanwire.com/arts/2008/12/11/%e2%80%98tree-speak%e2%80%99-burrows-into-different-dance-roots/|title='TREE-SPEAK' burrows into different dance roots|author=Otto|first=Elsbeth|work=Whitman Wire|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> hibere ndị ọrụ hip-hop wee rụkọọ otu uri na-emeri ihe nrite. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://issuu.com/whitmanpio/docs/fall2009_issue13|title=Whitman College Pioneer - Fall 2009 Issue 13|work=Issuu|date=29 January 2010|accessdate=2019-03-11|archivedate=2023-02-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226193346/https://issuu.com/whitmanpio/docs/fall2009_issue13}}</ref> Ọ na-etinyekwa aka na nkwalite, egwu na <ref name=":1"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whitmanwire.com/arts/2009/12/07/whitman-djs-bring-the-party-to-campus/|title=Whitman DJs bring the party to campus|author=Hardee|first=Caitlin|date=2009-12-07|work=Whitman Wire|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> na-agba egwu maka oge. <ref name=":4"/> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/slideshow/Bumbershoot-2013-69332.php|title=Brenton Weyi Dances at Bumbershoot, 2013|author=Stead|first=Jordan|date=2013-09-01|work=Seattle Post-Intelligencer|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Weyi kwagara Thailand, bụ ebe o bi ma rụọ ọrụ na ụlọ akwụkwọ ntụgharị uche na ịgba egwu. <ref name=":4"/> Odeela maka ọtụtụ mbipụta dijitalụ na mbipụta, a makwaara ya maka edemede uri ya, na-ekwukarị isiokwu dị iche iche nke mmadụ. <ref name=":4" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.upliftingcontent.com/youll-never-look-at-a-city-the-same-way/|title=You'll Never Look at a City the Same Way|work=upliftingcontent.com|date=10 March 2019|accessdate=2019-03-11|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808031457/https://upliftingcontent.com/youll-never-look-at-a-city-the-same-way/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailystoic.com/way-of-stoicism-east-west/|title=The Way of Stoicism: How East and West Use Similar Principles for Virtuous Living.|date=2017-06-30|work=Daily Stoic|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> <ref name="eight">{{Cite news|url=http://brentonweyi.com/|title='Why Every Man Should Be Poor Once in His Life.' By Brenton Weyi. The Good Men Project|author=Nakaso, Dan|date=September 23, 2013|work=The good men project|accessdate=March 14, 2015}}</ref> A makwa ya maka njem o mere na mba iri isii. <ref name=":3"/> <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":1"/> N'afọ 2014, Weyi ghọrọ onye mbụ na-anabata akụ na ụba nkekọrịta, bụrụ onye mmeri maka Airbnb. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-d-sharing-denver-20140824-story.html|title=Learning the wonders of the sharing economy in trip to Denver|author=Hamm|first=Catharine|date=2014-08-22|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> Na 2019, Weyi bụ onye na-akọ akụkọ akụkọ nke mbipụta Denver nke Empathy Museum, mmapụta njem na-agba ndị otu ọha ume ka ha na-eje ije na akpụkpọ ụkwụ ibe ha. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2019/08/09/empathy-museum-denver-16th-street-mall/|title=Empathy Museum Encourages Visitors To Walk In Someone Else's Shoes|date=2019-08-09|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-12}}</ref> Emebere oru ngo a site n'aka onye omenkà Clare Patey, na mbipụta Denver bụ nke Biennial nke America tinyere, na-egosi akụkọ sitere na Suzi Q Smith, Mayor Michael B Hancock, na ndị ọzọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://denver.cbslocal.com/2016/11/16/happy-healthy-safe-place-hancock-talks-about-denvers-future/|title='Happy, Healthy & Safe Place': Hancock Talks About Denver's Future|date=2016-11-16|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-09-12}}</ref> === ''Obodo m, egwu obodo m'' === Na 2016, Weyi malitere ịrụ ọrụ na egwu egwu ogbo na-elekwasị anya na nnwere onwe nke Congo na ndabere nke Agha Nzuzo nke aha ''obodo m, obodo m'' . <ref name=":7"/> Mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ na-egosipụta akụkọ banyere Patrice Lumumba na Baudouin I nke Belgium na oge ọgba aghara nke ịhụ mba n'anya na ọchịchị Kọmunist gburugburu ụwa nke mesịrị gbuo Lumumba. Weyi haziri ọgụgụ mbụ ya na Denver Art Museum na 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://denverartmuseum.org/calendar/untitled-gregg-deal|title=Untitled: Gregg Deal|work=Denver Art Museum|accessdate=2019-03-11|archivedate=2020-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808033109/https://denverartmuseum.org/calendar/untitled-gregg-deal}}</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ 2018, Weyi ghọrọ onye mbụ Coloradan na-anabata Massivemuse - nnukwu ihe omume nka dị iche iche - maka ụlọ ọrụ egwu oge gboo nke mba Groupmuse, bụ nke gosipụtara ọgụgụ nke ''obodo m, obodo m'' na egwu Fanny Mendelssohn . <ref name="Untold: Denver's Next Massivemuse"/> Akpọrọ Weyi dị ka onye mmebe egwuregwu egwuregwu mbụ na Denver Center for Performing Arts, mkpakọrịta na-ede egwuregwu afọ ọhụrụ maka ndị na-ede egwuregwu Colorado anọ nwere ike. <ref name=":3"/> N'afọ 2019, Weyi gosipụtara ''obodo m, obodo m'' ugboro abụọ ọzọ. <ref name=":10"/> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Living History with Brenton Weyi|url=https://www.lighthousewriters.org/blog/living-history-brenton-weyi}}</ref> == Mmezu == * 2017: TEDxBoulder Ọkà Okwu nwere okwu akpọrọ "Achọrọ m ịgwa gị mgbe niile ..." <ref name=":5"/> * 2018: Grand Slam onye mmeri nke Boulder Storytelling Series, Ezi-okwu. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://storyslamboulder.com/2018/05/brenton-weyi-baby-blue/|title=Brenton Weyi 'Baby Blue'|work=Story Slam Boulder|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> * 2019: Ndị Obodo Denver na Denver Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọhaneze họpụtara maka onyinye Juanita Grey maka ọrụ ihe atụ nye obodo site n'aka onye Africa-American. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://theknow.denverpost.com/2019/01/30/dr-renee-cousins-king-black-american-west-museum/207668/|title=$100,000 gift spotlights Black History Month, family of pioneers in Five Points|date=2019-01-30|work=The Know|accessdate=2019-03-11}}</ref> * 2019: Egosiputara dị ka 'Colorado Creative,' usoro nke afọ na-akọwapụta ihe okike 100 kacha elu na Colorado <ref name=":0"/> * 2019: Akpọrọ aha Inaugural Dramatic Writing Fellow na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọkụ nke Lighthouse 'Ide na Agba' nlọghachi azụ <ref name=":9"/> == Ntụaka == merie asọmpi steeti wee nweta aha mba kacha elu-5. Weyi wee gaa Whitman College, ebe o nwetara ogo na ma nkà ihe ọmụma Weyi dị ka onye mmebe egwuregwu egwuregwu mbụ na Denver Center {{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Wei, Brenton}} mdf196a3ipnnzomhr4v4zpfds2zk4rv 0 48702 656723 199703 2026-06-23T05:11:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656723 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Light-Plus-Time-Tower-Raleigh-NC-20081012.jpeg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|226x226px| Light+ Time Tower, Raleigh, NC]] '''Dale Eldred''' (November 9, 1933 na Minneapolis, [[Minésótạ|Minnesota]] – Julaị 26, 1993 na [[Kansas City, Missouri|Kansas City]], Missouri ) bụ onye ọkpụ a ma ama n’ụwa niile ama ama maka nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ [1] nke mesiri ma ọkụ eke na ewe pụta. <ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFDB1F3FF93BA15754C0A965958260 "Dale Eldred; Sculptor, 59"], New York Times (obituary), Wednesday, July 28, 1993.</ref> == Akụkọ ndụ == Nwa nwa nke ndị Finnish kwabatara na-ewu ụlọ, Eldred nhazi na Minnesota.  Eldred kwagara Kansas City na 1959, na Mahadum Michigan pụta.  N'ime otu afọ, a hụrụ ya onye isi oche nke ngalaba ihe ọkpụkpụ nke Kansas City Art Institute . Eldred nwere anụ ahụ dị egwu ma bụrụ onye gbara nchekwa.  A mara na ọ na-esi ike n'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka, dị ka ọkụ na 1991 nke bibiri ụlọ ihe nkiri nke nwere ọbá akwụkwọ ya na ọtụtụ ihe ọrụ bara uru.. Eldred na-elekọta ngalaba ihe ọkpụkpụ na KCAI maka afọ 33, na-enwe ike dị ike na ọtụtụ puku ụmụ akwụkwọ, kpọọ: James Clover, Gary Freeman, Shawn Brixey, Ming Fay, Michael Rees, John E. Buck, na di na  ozi na-emekọ ihe ọnụ, (mbubreyo).  ) Kate Ericson na Mel Ziegler zutere na KCAI.  Ọ bụkwa onye nduzi nke Biosphere II, bụrụkwa onye otu ibe na Massachusetts Institute of Technology Center for Advanced Visual Studies.. Dale Eldred bụ onye ihe egwu ide mmiri "afọ 500" n'oge ọmụmụ nke 1993, mgbe eji Missouri rikpuru nke Kansas City.  Ọ nwụ na ike mgbe ọ na-ahụ ịzọpụtapụta n'ime ụlọ ihe nkiri West Bottoms -neighborhood ya. == Ọkpụkpụ == Ihe oyiyi mbụ nke Eldred bụ nnukwu ọrụ na ụrọ.  N'ịbụ onye ihe oyiyi oyiyi dị egwu nke David Smith na Alexander Calder na-emetụta, ọ na-eke ọrụ na-eke, osisi na ihe ndị ọzọ, na-ihe nnukwu ihe ọkpụkpụ na gburugburu ebe obibi.  Ọmụmaatụ nke ndị a na-agụnye ihe akpụ nke nwere otu ụzọ osisi na ikike nwere nnukwu ike, nke edobere n'ọnụ ụzọ Kansas City Art Institute;  na mgbochi dị na ugwu Kansas City, Missouri ebe obibi nnukwu okwute na gburugburu osisi.  Onye nkatọ na onye na-ese ihe bụ Donald Judd tụlere ọrụ ya nke oge a nke ọma. Enyere Eldred ọrụ ka o che ikike ogbe ndị Kansas City, Kansas .  Nhazi ọgbara ọhụrụ ya siri ike igodo isi iyi, okporo ụzọ na-adịghị mma, na njikọ ozi.  N'ịbụ ndị anataghị nke ọma, kwụ ọtọ na ya mere ka ahụ obodo ọtụtụ ọrụ ya, mana ọkụ ka dị taa.. Eldred egwuregwu ya i tọrọ ihe ndị sitere n'okike.  Ọ ụgbọ ihe ọkpụkpụ dị elu na mpaghara Kansas City nke na-efesa mmiri iji ikike ntụgharị ọkụ prismatic.  nkwado ya na-emesiwanye ike na ìhè;  ọ na-eji enyo, pigmenti dị ọcha, ọkụ gas, agba fluorescent, teepu refraction, iko, tubes neon na ihe ndị ọzọ iji ọkụ ọkụ.  "Achọrọ m ka ihe ọkpụkpụ ahụ na-echetara anyị niile," ka o kwuru, "na ndụ anyị nwere njikọ chiri anya na ìhè, nakwa na-ebu na ala anyị na-agagharị mgbe niile."  [1] O kere Light + Time Tower na obodo Raleigh, North Carolina e mere iji mee ka ìhè na-enwu n'ụtụ na ehihie ka ọ bụrụ agba mara mma nke ndị njem na-agafe na ya na-ahụ.  Steeple nke Ìhè ya, nke Frank Lloyd Wright tụbara na mbụ maka Community Christian Church na Kansas City, bụ onye mmekọ ya na onye mmekọ ya bụ Roberta Lord rụchara mgbe Eldred nwụsịrị na 1993 tupu emechaa ihe ọkpụkpụ ahụ na 1994. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kcur.org/arts-life/2016-12-23/with-the-steeple-of-light-a-kansas-city-artist-left-a-legacy-by-connecting-to-the-heavens|title=With 'The Steeple of Light,' A Kansas City Artist Left A Legacy By Connecting To The Heavens|author=Julie Denesha|publisher=KCUR|date=2016-12-23|accessdate=2020-08-08}}</ref> Na akwụkwọ ya na onye choreographer Todd Bolender, o kere set na eji ejiji maka "Voyager," ballet nke State Ballet nke Missouri nwere ike.. Ya na ndị omenkà na ndị egwu egwu ndị ọzọ a ma ama egwu onye na-ede ụda Philip Glass . == Kọmishọna, ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na mkpokọta nkeonwe == === United States === Arizona * ''Oge/ Fusion ọkụ'', 1990, Scottsdale Center for Arts, Scottsdale * ''Oge Ogige'', 1990, Arizona State University, Tempe * ''Ọhụụ Lens: Ìhè na Ọdịnihu'', 1990, Arizona State University, Tempe Colorado * ''Light & Time Labyrinth'', 1994 (arụnyere), Auraria Higher Education Center, Denver Florida * ''Ụgbọ elu Oge anwụ'', 1984, Broward County Main Library, Fort Lauderdale * ''Light Abacus I'', 1990, Criser Hall, Gainesville * ''Sun Stations'', 1983, Coconut Grove Station, Miami * ''Uwa na Ogige Igwe'', 1984, Mahadum South Florida, College of Public Health ogige, Tampa * "Spectral Field", 1990, Mahadum Central Florida, College of Engineering, Orlando Illinois * ''Oge ime obodo na ubi ọkụ'', 1985, Cermak Plaza Shopping Center, Berwyn Iowa * ''Akụkụ ihu ala #1'', 1965, Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines * ''Nlereanya maka ọdịdị ala'', 1967, Des Moines Art Center, Des Moines Kansas * ''Salina Piece'', 1969, Mahadum Kansas, Lawrence * ''Enweghị aha'', 1968, litho, Spencer Gallery of Art, Mahadum Kansas, Lawrence * ''Enweghị aha'', 1968, litho, Spencer Gallery of Art, Mahadum Kansas, Lawrence * ''Ogige Galileo'', 1984, Johnson County Community College, Overland Park Michigan * ''Enweghị aha'', 1973, Grand Valley State University, Allendale Minnesota * ''Mpekere Mankato'', 1968, Riverfront Park, Mankato * ''Minneapolis Project,'' 1983, Minneapolis Institute of Arts na saịtị ndị ọzọ, Minneapolis Missouri * ''Isi iyi Heritage'', 1977, Blue Valley Park, Kansas City * ''Steeple of Light'', 1990–94, Community Christian Church, Kansas City * ''Signage'', Harry J. Epstein Hardware, Kansas City * ''Iberibe ọnụ ụzọ ámá East'', 1966, Kansas City Art Institute, Kansas City * ''Asọpụrụ Ndị Ochie'', 1975, mbipụta, Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City * ''Echiche asaa nke Grand Canyon'', 1985, Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, Kansas City * ''Ọkpụkpụ II'', 1963, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City * ''Iron guzoro'', 1962, Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City * ''Enweghị aha'', 1962, Mahadum Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City * ''Ubi Anyanwụ'', 1991, Park Laumeier Sculpture Park, St. Louis North Carolina * ''Oge + Light Tower'', 1991, Capital Blvd & Fairview Dr, Raleigh Ohio * ''Ụzọ ụzọ ọkụ'', 1987, Case Western University, Cleveland * ''Sun Obelisk'', 1974, Promenade Park, Toledo Oklahoma * ''Oge Tulsa na Ọkụ na-aga n'ihu'', 1983, Ụlọ Mgbakọ, Tulsa * ''Radiant Range'', 1993, Convention Center, Tulsa * ''Kansas Landmark (Drum Piece)'', 1965, Philbrook Museum of Art, Tulsa Oregon * ''Levitated Light'', 1987, Portland State University, School of Business Administration, Portland Tennessee * ''Ọdụ ụgbọ elu Sun Project'', 1989, Nashville International Airport, Nashville Utah * ''Ìhè na oge ihe omume'', 1995, Utah State University, Science / Technology Library, Logan Virginia * ''Ogige ọkụ'', 1988, Virginia Beach Wisconsin * ''Appleton Aurora'', 1989, Appleton Center, Appleton === Mba ụwa === * Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka obodo, Helsinki (Finland) * Cankaya Cultural and Arts Foundation, Ankara, Turkey == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == Ọ natara ọtụtụ ihe nrite na ndị na-akpọ, kpọọ Guggenheim na ndị sitere na Ford Foundation, American Institute of Architects na National Endowment of Arts . == Mbipụta == Ralph Co. Dale Eldred: Ọkpụkpụ n'ime gburugburu, , Regents Press Kansas, 1978. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060322112152/http://www.cultureport.com/cultureport/artists/eldred/index.html Roberta Lord, Eluigwe n'elu Dale Eldred] * [http://kclibrary.org/localhistory/media.cfm?mediaID=34844 Akụkọ ndụ: Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọha Obodo Kansas] </link>< [[Category:Articles with permanently dead external links]] /link> * [https://www.jstor.org/pss/1576201 Homage to Dale Eldred, Jürgen Claus Leonardo, Vol.28, No.4 (1995), p.328-329, Bipụtara site: The MIT Press] * [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFDB1F3FF93BA15754C0A965958260 New York Times, Wenezde, Julaị 28, 1993] * [http://cityclerk.kcmo.org/liveweb/Documents/DocumentText.aspx?q=%2fhK37OJL2a4J8MDGbaUngwujgFBLBvhbj6zqH4Ngo02Rt3%2fuq%2bNHauH0qx7r46bg Kansas City Missouri, Ọfịs nke onye odeakwụkwọ obodo, Iwu #930908, 8/5/1993, Mkpebi Omume Pụrụ Iche, Ọta Ndị otu Kansụl: Na Ọnwụ nke Dale Eldred] blxip0d40dovdqx0nglgxggzqzi2gjs 0 50393 656691 444565 2026-06-22T20:49:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656691 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:OG2024-eventing-Caroline-Pamukcu.jpg|thumb|Caroline Pamukcu]]'''Caroline Pamukcu''' (neé '''Martin''' ; amuru Disemba 8, 1994) <ref name=":0">[https://www.usef.org/team-usa/athletes/caroline_pamukcu Caroline Pamukcu] (biography) [[US Equestrian]]</ref> <ref>[https://www.fei.org/athlete/10059212/PAMUKCU-Caroline Caroline Pamukcu (10059212)] (athlete) [[International Federation for Equestrian Sports|fei.org]]</ref> bu onye amuru ugbo ala America na-asọ mpi n'ememe . Ọ bụ onye egwuregwu Pan American nwere ihe nrite ọla edo na onye otu ọlaọcha. Dịka onye asọmpi ntorobịa, akpọrọ ya United States Eventing Association Young Rider of the Year ugboro anọ. <ref name=":1" /> == Akụkọ ndụ == Pamukcu malitere ịnya ụgbọ ala mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-10|title=Caroline's Getting Down to Business|url=https://www.fei.org/stories/sport/eventing/caroline-martin-equestrian-eventing-profile-2019|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=FEI.org|language=en}}</ref> Ọ na-agba ọsọ mgbe niile, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Decker|first=Meghan|date=2012-07-24|title=Pure Sport|url=https://lehighvalleystyle.com/August-2012/Pure-Sport/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=Lehigh Valley Style|language=en-us}}</ref> mana ọ bụghị nke siri ike n'oge ntorobịa ya. <ref name=":2" /> Na 2002, ezinụlọ ya zụtara Buckwampum Farm na Riegelsville, Pennsylvania . <ref>Tevis, R. (May 2, 2021). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240515005812/https://sidelinesmagazine.com/weekly-featured/caroline-martin-a-new-path-to-the-same-goals.html Caroline Martin: A new path to the same goals.] Sidelines Magazine</ref> Nne na nna ya Sherrie na Randy Martin mechara kpọọ onye mmemme mba ụwa Buck Davidson Jr. ka ọ kwado azụmahịa ya n'ugbo ha ma bụrụ onye nkuzi Pamukcu. <ref name=":3" /> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tevis|first=Ruby|date=2021-05-05|title=Caroline Martin: A New Path to the Same Goals|url=https://sidelinesmagazine.com/weekly-featured/caroline-martin-a-new-path-to-the-same-goals.html|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=Sidelines Magazine|language=en-US|archivedate=2024-05-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515005812/https://sidelinesmagazine.com/weekly-featured/caroline-martin-a-new-path-to-the-same-goals.html}}</ref> Na 2009, mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ ná mba ọzọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Pamukcu si n'ịnyịnya pụọ. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=2019-10-10|title=Caroline's Getting Down to Business|url=https://www.fei.org/stories/sport/eventing/caroline-martin-equestrian-eventing-profile-2019|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=FEI.org|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe o si South America lọta, ọ chọtara Quantum Solace, site na Buck Davidson. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-08-15|title=NAYRC 2013 Gold Medallists|url=https://horsesport.com/magazine/profiles/young-guns-nayrc-good-as-gold/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=Horse Sport|language=en-CA}}</ref> Di na nwunye a ga-aga n'ihu inweta ihe nrite ọla edo n'otu n'otu na otu na asọmpi Adequan/FEI North American Youth Championship 2013. <ref>Berreth, L. (July 21, 2013). [https://www.chronofhorse.com/article/martin-gallops-away-individual-gold-adequanfei-najyrc/ Martin gallops away with individual gold at Adequan/Fei NAJYRC] [[The Chronicle of the Horse]]</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ, akpọrọ Pamukcu na USEF Eventing High Performance Training List dị ka onye nke ọdụdụ n'ime otu ahụ na 17 afọ. <ref>[https://useventing.com/events-competitions/leaderboard/year-end-winners USEA Year-End Winners] [[United States Eventing Association]]</ref> Na 2014, Pamukcu na Quantum Solace debere nke ise na CCI3* nke mbụ ha. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|author=Spickard|first=Sally|title=Rolex Rookies: Caroline Martin and Quantum Solace - Eventing Nation - Three-Day Eventing News, Results, Videos, and Commentary|url=https://eventingnation.com/rolex-rookies-caroline-martin-and-quantum-solace/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=eventingnation.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2016, Pamukcu debere 10th na Branham Horse Trials N'okpuru mmemme 25 CCI3* na Quantum Solace. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Autry|first=Jenni|title=Another Big Year in Store for Caroline Martin - Eventing Nation - Three-Day Eventing News, Results, Videos, and Commentary|url=https://eventingnation.com/another-big-year-in-store-for-caroline-martin/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=eventingnation.com|language=en-US}}</ref> Mgbe afọ ahụ gasịrị, ha mere mpụta mbụ CCI4* ha na emume ụbọchị atọ nke Kentucky. <ref name=":3" /> Na 2017, ahọpụtara Pamukcu ka ọ nata onyinye Karen Stives Eventing Endowment Fund iji kwado njem na Europe iji merie. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Caroline Martin And Mackenna Shea Chosen For Karen E. Stives European Developing Tour - The Chronicle of the Horse|url=https://www.chronofhorse.com/article/caroline-martin-and-mackenna-shea-chosen-for-karen-e-stives-european-developing-tour/|accessdate=2024-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ ahụ, ọ gbara asọmpi na CCI5 * nke mbụ ya na Kentucky Three-Day Event with Spring Easy, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Threlkeld|first=Leslie|title=Rolx17_LT-6435 Caroline Martin and Spring Easy - Eventing Nation - Three-Day Eventing News, Results, Videos, and Commentary|url=https://eventingnation.com/rolx17_lt-6435/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=eventingnation.com|language=en-US}}</ref> ma nọchite anya United States na FEI Evening Nations Cup na Houghton Hall na Pebbly Maximus. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Spickard|first=Sally|date=2017-05-27|title=European Update: Caroline Martin Top American at Houghton Hall, Vogg Takes Command of Saumur - Eventing Nation - Three-Day Eventing News, Results, Videos, and Commentary|url=https://eventingnation.com/european-update-caroline-martin-top-american-at-houghton-hall-vogg-takes-command-of-saumur/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=eventingnation.com|language=en-US}}</ref> O mechara zọọ asọmpi na Bramham CCI4 * -L, na-echekwa Pebbly Maximus na The Apprentice gụchara 10 kacha elu. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">a chọrọ nkọwa</span>]]'' &#x5D;</sup> Kemgbe ọ tụgharịrị ọkachamara, Pamukcu enweela ọkwa mba ụwa na mmemme gụnyere Aachen CCIO4 * -S (Germany), <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ingrid Klimke Sets Aachen Record; Caroline Martin Rides to Plan for U.S.|url=https://useventing.com/news-media/news/ingrid-klimke-sets-aachen-record-caroline-martin-rides-to-plan-for-u-s|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=USEA : United States Eventing Association Inc.|language=en}}</ref> Millstreet CCI4 * -L (Ireland), Blair Castle CCI4 * -S (England), Strzegom CCIO4 * -S (Poland). ), na Mondial Du Lion World Breeding Championship (France). <ref name=":0"/> Na 2020, onye mmekọ azụmahịa Pamuku Kelley Hutchinson chọtara Irish Sport Horse HSH Blake dị ka atụmanya maka azụmaahịa ahịa ha. Mgbe enweghị ike ire ya na mbụ, ihe ịga nke ọma n'asọmpi Pamukcu na HSH Blake gbara Pamukcu ume ịchọta onye na-azụ ya nke ga-enye ya ohere ịga n'ihu na-agba ịnyịnya na ịzụlite ịnyịnya. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Spickard|first=Sally|date=2024-07-19|title=Caroline Pamukcu Ready for the World Stage with HSH Blake|url=https://practicalhorsemanmag.com/competitions/caroline-pamukcu-ready-for-the-world-stage-with-hsh-blake/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=Practical Horseman|language=en-US}}</ref> Na 2022, Pamukcu kwagara United Kingdom ka ya na Pippa Funnell zụọ ọzụzụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Buitenhuis|first=Julia|date=2024-04-11|title=Caroline Pamukcu: "You Can Do Both"|url=https://practicalhorsemanmag.com/competitions/kentucky-three-day-event/you-can-do-both/|accessdate=2024-07-25|work=Practical Horseman|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, aha Pamukcu na HSH Blake bụ ndị otu mmemme US maka egwuregwu Pan American na Santiago, Chile. Na-anọchite anya United States, ha na-ebute ụzọ n'ozuzu ya, na-enweta ihe nrite ọla edo n'otu n'otu. <ref>[https://www.usef.org/media/press-releases/us-equestrian-names-us-eventing-team-for US Equestrian names U.S. eventing team for Santiago 2023 Pan American Games] (August 23, 2023) [[US Equestrian]]</ref> E mechara kpọọ di na nwunye ahụ na ndị otu mmemme US maka asọmpi Summer Summer 2024 na Paris, France. <ref>[https://www.usef.org/media/press-releases/us-equestrian-announces-us-olympic-eventing US Equestrian announces U.S. Olympic eventing team ahead of Paris 2024 Olympic Games] (June 3, 2024) [[US Equestrian]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chronofhorse.com/article/ringside-chat-with-robust-mentorship-behind-her-pamukcu-aims-for-paris/|work=[[The Chronicle of the Horse]]|title=Ringside Chat: With Robust Mentorship Behind Her, Pamukcu Aims For Paris|date=May 17, 2024|author=Sherk, Hannah}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.readingeagle.com/2024/06/25/bucks-county-rider-heads-to-the-olympics-in-equestrian/|work=[[Reading Eagle]]|title=Pa. rider heads to Paris Olympics in equestrian|date=June 25, 2024|author=Bast, Derek}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://bucksco.today/2024/06/caroline-pamukcu-olympics/|work=BucksCo.Today|title=Springfield Resident Caroline Pamukcu Set to Compete in Paris Olympics Equestrian Events|date=June 14, 2024|author=Rapp, Julia}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pamukcu, Caroline}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] aff8zc40nk0e7gzc90t2yvs1mdfazyh 0 51461 656688 187260 2026-06-22T19:31:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656688 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[File:Ricardo Cadú.PNG|thumb|Cadú]] '''Ricardo Manuel Ferreira Sousa''' (amụrụ 21 Disemba 1981), nke a maara dị ka '''Cadú''', bụ Portuguese bụbu onye egwuregwu bọọlụ bụ onye na-egwu egwu dị ka onye na-agbachitere etiti. Ọ chịkọtara Primeira Liga ngụkọta nke egwuregwu 121 na ihe mgbaru ọsọ asaa karịa oge ise, ya na Paços de Ferreira, Boavista (abụọ n'otu) na Gil Vicente . Ọ nọrọ ọtụtụ ọrụ ya na Romania na CFR Cluj, na-apụta na asọmpi asọmpi 255 wee merie isi trophies asatọ. === Ụlọ ọrụ CFR === Cadú bịanyere aka na CFR Cluj si [[Romania]] na 12 Julaị 2006, na-ekwenye na nkwekọrịta afọ atọ maka € 750.000. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.record.xl.pt/arquivo/interior.aspx?content_id=277094|title=Cluj anuncia Cadú|work=Record|language=Portuguese|date=12 July 2006|accessdate=18 June 2013}}</ref> Ọ gbara otu ugboro n'ime egwuregwu 25 na oge mpụta mbụ ya, maka ebe atọ ikpeazụ na La Liga I. Cadú ghọrọ onye isi CFR na ngwụcha 2007, <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.presaonline.com/stiri/stiri-locale/cadu-noul-capitan-al-echipei-din-gruia-116662.html|title=Cadu noul capitan al echipei din Gruia|publisher=Presa Online|language=Romanian|date=20 October 2007|accessdate=15 September 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325001151/http://www.presaonline.com/stiri/stiri-locale/cadu-noul-capitan-al-echipei-din-gruia-116662.html|archivedate=25 March 2012}}</ref> ka ọ na-enyere ndị otu ahụ aka inweta aha iko Romanian ugboro atọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cfr1907.ro/ro/stiri/779/cupa-romaniei-ramane-la-cluj-napoca/|title=Cupa Romaniei ramane la Cluj-Napoca!|publisher=CFR Cluj|language=Romanian|date=13 June 2009|accessdate=14 June 2009|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20090616202549/http://www.cfr1907.ro/ro/stiri/779/cupa-romaniei-ramane-la-cluj-napoca/|archivedate=16 June 2009}}</ref> Na mgbakwunye, na njedebe nke mgbasa ozi 2009–10, ka ha meriri aha asọmpi nke abụọ n'ime afọ atọ, a họpụtara ya ''Central Defender of the Year'' n'akụkụ FC Unirea Urziceni 's George Galamaz . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://scoutingromania.com/category/liga-i-season-0910/|title=Best players in Romania|publisher=Scouting Romania|first=Radu|author=Baicu|date=24 June 2010|accessdate=19 June 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518193822/http://scoutingromania.com/category/liga-i-season-0910/|archivedate=18 May 2013}}</ref> Na 19 October 2010, Cadú meriri ugboro abụọ na asọmpi UEFA Champions League otu egwuregwu megide FC Bayern Munich, otu ugboro na ụgbụ nke ya, na mmeri 3-2 kwụsịrị. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/01ea-0e75d8f6fcff-5c6249d9d5a6-1000--bayern-beat-cfr-cluj-to-extend-group-lead/|title=Bayern beat CFR Cluj to extend group lead|publisher=UEFA|first=Ian|author=Holyman|date=19 October 2010|accessdate=23 September 2021}}</ref> N'ọgwụgwụ Jenụwarị 2012, e nyere ya ikike ịbụ nwa amaala Romania . <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.gsp.ro/fotbal/liga-1/cadu-a-primit-cetatenia-romana-dar-il-refuza-pe-piturca-merita-sa-fie-convocat-la-nationala-301192.html|title=Cadú a primit cetatenie romana|work=[[Gazeta Sporturilor]]|language=Romanian|date=January 2012|accessdate=26 January 2012}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu == '''Ụlọ ọrụ CFR''' * Njikọ I : 2007–08, 2009–10, 2011–12 <ref name="SIC">{{Cite web|url=https://sicnoticias.pt/desporto/2014-05-07-futebolista-portugues-cadu-diz-sentir-se-em-casa-no-cluj|title=Futebolista português Cadú diz sentir-se em casa no Cluj|publisher=[[SIC Notícias]]|language=Portuguese|date=7 May 2014|accessdate=20 March 2020|archivedate=20 March 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200320201712/https://sicnoticias.pt/desporto/2014-05-07-futebolista-portugues-cadu-diz-sentir-se-em-casa-no-cluj}}</ref> * Cupa României : 2007–08, 2008–09, 2009–10 <ref name="SIC" /> * Supercupa României : 2009, 2010 <ref name="SIC" /> == Ntụaka == ngwụcha 2007, [2] ka ọ na-enyere ndị otu ahụ aka inweta aha iko Romanian ugboro atọ.{{Reflist}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tbiehj9qrao9sw6ij5rl8f70lmivnmb 0 51484 656740 187562 2026-06-23T09:47:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656740 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Dieter Henrich''' (5 Jenụwarị 1927 - 17 Disemba 2022) bụ onye ọkà ihe ọmụma German. Onye na-eche echiche nke oge a na omenala German idealism, Henrich na-ewere dị ka "otu n'ime ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma a na-akwanyere ùgwù na nke a na-akpọkarị na Germany taa", onye "ihe ọmụmụ dị ukwuu na nke ukwuu nke German Idealism na nyocha usoro nhazi nke isiokwu ya emetụtala na German dị elu. arụmụka nkà ihe ọmụma na nkà mmụta okpukpe ." <ref name="Freundlieb">{{Cite book|author=Freundlieb|first=Dieter|title=Dieter Henrich and Contemporary Philosophy: The Return to Subjectivity|year=2003|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-7546-1344-2}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Henrich na Marburg, na 5 Jenụwarị 1927, <ref name="Munzinger">{{Cite web|title=Dieter Henrich / deutscher Philosoph; Prof. em.; Dr. phil|url=https://www.munzinger.de/search/portrait/Dieter+Henrich/0/24718.html|accessdate=21 December 2022|work=Munzinger-Archiv|date=21 October 2021|language=en}}</ref> nwa Hans Harry Henrich, onye na-arụ ọrụ nyocha, yana nwunye ya Frieda née Blum. N'ihi na ụmụnne ya atọ nwụrụ mgbe ha dị obere, ọ tolitere otu nwa; nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. <ref name="Munzinger" /> Henrich nwetara ''Abitur'' ya site na ụlọ ọrụ mmega ahụ mmadụ na Philippinum na Marburg na 1946. <ref name="Munzinger" /> Henrich gụrụ nkà ihe ọmụma, akụkọ ihe mere eme na sociology n'etiti 1946 na 1950 na Marburg, Frankfurt na Heidelberg . <ref name="Munzinger"/> Ọ dechara akwụkwọ mmụta PhD ya na Heidelberg na 1950 n'okpuru nlekọta nke [[Hans-Georg Gadamer]] . <ref name="Stosiek">{{Cite news|author=Stosiek|first=Tobias|url=https://www.br.de/nachrichten/kultur/buergerlicher-philosoph-zum-tod-von-dieter-henrich,TQSqYSe|title="Bürgerlicher Philosoph": Zum Tod von Dieter Henrich|date=19 December 2022|work=Bayerischer Rundfunk|language=de|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> Tesis bụ ''Die Einheit der Wissenschaftslehre Max Webers'' (ịdị n'otu nke Max Weber 's epistemology ). O dere ebe obibi ya na 1956, akpọrọ ''Selbstbewusstsein und Sittlichkeit'' . <ref name="Munzinger" /> Henrich bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Humboldt nke Berlin site na 1960 ruo 1965, na Mahadum Heidelberg site na 1965 ruo 1981, yana na Mahadum Munich site na 1981 ruo 1994, na-ezi ọgbọ nke ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma ụkpụrụ nke ịkọwa ederede oge ochie. Ọ bụkwa prọfesọ na-eleta na mahadum dị na United States, dị ka Harvard na Columbia . <ref name="Harvard">{{Cite web|title=Between Kant and Hegel – Dieter Henrich, David S. Pacini|url=https://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog.php?isbn=9780674027374|accessdate=11 March 2021|publisher=Harvard University|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ nkà ihe ọmụma == Nkuzi nkuzi nke Dieter Henrich nke 1973 na German Idealism webatara ndị na-ege America ihe dị ugbu a na nkà ihe ọmụma German. Kemgbe ahụ ebipụtawo nkuzi ya dị ka ''N'etiti Kant na Hegel,'' nke na-egosi ọganihu n'etiti echiche German na àgwà nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge a. <ref name="Harvard"/> Henrich webatara echiche ahụ na m-echiche (ihe ọ kpọkwara "mmekọrịta onwe onye" [ ''Das wissende Selbstverhältnis'' ]) pụtara nkwenye na ịdị adị nke ụwa nke ihe. <ref name="Freundlieb"/> == Ihe nrite == * 1995: Friedrich-Hölderlin-Preis, Mahadum Tübingen <ref>{{Cite web|title=Friedrich-Hölderlin-Preis|year=2015|publisher=Tübingen|language=de|url=https://www.tuebingen.de/9101.html|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> * 1999: Akwadoro doctorate na nkà mmụta okpukpe nke Mahadum Münster <ref name="Hanke">{{Cite web|author=Hanke|first=Thomas|title=Nachruf auf Dieter Henrich (1927–2022)|date=December 2022|publisher=University of Münster|language=de|url=https://www.uni-muenster.de/FB2/aktuelles/Dieter_Henrich_Sterbemitteilung.html|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> * 2003: Ihe nrite Hegel nke Obodo Stuttgart <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hegel‐Preis der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart|publisher=Hegel Prize|year=2021|language=de|url=https://www.stuttgart.de/kultur/kulturpreise-und-stipendien/hegel-preis.php|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> * 2002: nzere doctorate na nkà mmụta okpukpe nke Mahadum Marburg <ref name="Innovation">{{Cite web|title=Dr. Leopold-Lucas-Preisträger des Jahres 2008: Dieter Henrich, München|year=2008|work=innovations-report.de|language=de|url=https://www.innovations-report.de/sonderthemen/foerderungen-preise/bericht-102854/|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> * 2004: Internationaler Kant-Preis, ZEIT-Stiftung <ref name="wbg">{{Cite web|title=Dieter Henrich: Grundlegung aus dem Ich|work=wbg-wissenverbindet.de|year=2022|language=de|url=https://www.wbg-wissenverbindet.de/shop/42873/dieter-henrich-grundlegung-aus-dem-ich-3-hc-baende-erstmals-mit-quellenband|accessdate=21 December 2022|archivedate=21 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221193500/https://www.wbg-wissenverbindet.de/shop/42873/dieter-henrich-grundlegung-aus-dem-ich-3-hc-baende-erstmals-mit-quellenband}}</ref> * 2005: Sọpụrụ doctorate na nkà ihe ọmụma nke Mahadum Jena <ref>{{Cite web|title=Ehrendoktoren und Ehrendoktorinnen der Fakultäten der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena seit 1990|publisher=University of Jena|year=2022|language=de|url=https://www.uni-jena.de/bedeutende-persoenlichkeiten|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> * 2006: Deutscher Sprachpreis <ref>{{Cite web|title="Deutscher Sprachpreis" 2006 für Dieter Henrich|work=presseportal.de|date=28 April 2008|language=de|url=https://www.presseportal.de/pm/18931/816474|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> * 2006: Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dieter Henrich|work=badw.de|year=2022|language=de|url=https://badw.de/gelehrtengemeinschaft/preistraeger.html?tx_badwdb_badwperson%5Baction%5D=show&tx_badwdb_badwperson%5Bcontroller%5D=BADWPerson&tx_badwdb_badwperson%5BpartialType%5D=BADWPersonDetailsPartial&tx_badwdb_badwperson%5Bper_id%5D=1251&cHash=703b17cd592353cc9a343df2fae7f3c0|accessdate=21 December 2022|archivedate=21 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221221625/https://badw.de/gelehrtengemeinschaft/preistraeger.html?tx_badwdb_badwperson%5Baction%5D=show&tx_badwdb_badwperson%5Bcontroller%5D=BADWPerson&tx_badwdb_badwperson%5BpartialType%5D=BADWPersonDetailsPartial&tx_badwdb_badwperson%5Bper_id%5D=1251&cHash=703b17cd592353cc9a343df2fae7f3c0}}</ref> * 2008: Dr. Leopold-Lucas-Preis, Mahadum Tübingen <ref name="Innovation" /> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Henrich|first=Dieter|title=Endlichkeit und Sammlung des Lebens|year=2009|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|location=Tübingen|isbn=978-3-16-149948-7|url=http://www.mohr.de/en/philosophy/subject-areas/all-books/buch/endlichkeit-und-sammlung-des-lebens.html}}</ref> * 2008: Kuno-Fischer-Preis, Mahadum Heidelberg <ref name="wbg" /> == Nnukwu ọrụ == * {{Cite book|title=Die Einheit der Wissenschaftslehre Max Webers|year=1952|publisher=Tübingen: NN|doi=10.11588/DIGLIT.52825|url=https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/henrich1952|language=de|accessdate=21 December 2022|author=Henrich|first=Dieter}} * ''Hegel im Kontext''. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1971.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-518-29538-0|978-3-518-29538-0]]   * ''Der Grund im Bewußtsein. Untersuchungen zu Hölderlins Denken (1794/95)''. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta, 1992.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/3-608-91613-X|3-608-91613-X]] (2. erw. Aufl. 2004) * ''The Unity of Reason: Essays on Kant's Philosophy'', Harvard University Press, 1994.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-674-92905-5|0-674-92905-5]] * ''Versuch über Kunst und Leben. Subjektivität – Weltverstehen – Kunst''. München: Carl Hanser, 2001.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/3-446-19857-1|3-446-19857-1]] * ''Fixpunkte. Abhandlungen und Essays zur Theorie der Kunst''. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/3-518-29210-2|3-518-29210-2]] * (with David S. Pacini) ''Between Kant and Hegel: Lectures on German Idealism''. Harvard University Press, 2003.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-674-00773-5|0-674-00773-5]] * ''Grundlegung aus dem Ich. Untersuchungen zur Vorgeschichte des Idealismus. Tübingen – Jena 1790–1794''. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2004.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/3-518-58384-0|3-518-58384-0]] * ''Die Philosophie im Prozeß der Kultur''. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2006.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-518-29412-3|978-3-518-29412-3]] * ''Endlichkeit und Sammlung des Lebens'', Mohr Siebeck, 2009   * ''Furcht ist nicht in der Liebe. Philosophische Betrachtungen zu einem Satz des Evangelisten Johannes.'' Verlag Vittorio Klostermann [de], Frankfurt, 2022<ref name="Allert">{{Cite news|author=Allert|first=Tilman|url=https://www.nzz.ch/feuilleton/dieter-henrich-ist-gestorben-das-letzte-buch-ist-ein-vermaechtnis-ld.1717733|title=Die Liebe macht uns zu dem, was wir sein können: Der Philosoph Dieter Henrich ist gestorben – in seinem letzten Buch hat er nach dem Geheimnis des Liebens gesucht|date=19 December 2022|work=Neue Zürcher Zeitung|language=de|accessdate=21 December 2022}}</ref> == Ntụaka == ya atọ nwụrụ mgbe ha dị obere, ọ tolitere otu nwa; nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na otu. [3] Henrich nwetara Abitur ya site na ụlọ ọrụ mmega ahụ {{Reflist}} 70gyzihtd90xksp43w3ahrl030tyi73 0 52619 656731 621564 2026-06-23T08:25:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656731 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Faịlụ:Official_portrait_of_Dehenna_Davison_MP_crop_2.jpg|thumb|Dehenna Davison]] '''Dehenna Sheridan Davison''' (/diˈɛnə/; <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://parliamentlive.tv/event/index/bfc5da1b-5397-4e49-8dee-7592ef0518b0?in=21:21:08|title=House of Commons: Tuesday 17 December 2019: Meeting started at 2.23pm, ended 9.37pm|work=Parliament TV|accessdate=18 December 2019}}</ref> amụrụ na 27 Julaị 1993) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye mgbasa ozi nke British Conservative Party. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Onye omeiwu (MP) maka Bishọp Auckland site na 2019 ruo 2024. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka osote odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka Levelling Up n'etiti Septemba 2022 na Septemba 2023. A mụrụ ya n'aka onye na-atụ nkume na onye nọọsụ na Sheffield, Davison tolitere na ụlọ kansụl, wee gaa Sheffield High School na agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ gụrụ British Politics and Legislative Studies na Mahadum nke Hull, ebe ọ bụ onye nnọchi anya NUS, ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma na-eduzi mkpọsa iji wepụ òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na 2016. A họpụtara Davison dị ka onye omeiwu maka Bishop Auckland na ntuli aka 2019. Ọ bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye Conservative maka Kingston upon Hull North na Sedgefield na ntuli aka 2015 na 2017 n'otu n'otu. Davison bụ onye Conservative mbụ nọchitere anya mpaghara ahụ kemgbe e guzobere ya na 1885. Ọ bụ ndị Ọrụ aka n'oge gara aga nwere oche ahụ ruo afọ 84. Mgbe ntuli aka ya gasịrị, a na-ewere ya dị ka "kpakpando na-ebili" na pati ahụ, yana ihe atụ nke Conservative na-anọchite anya mpaghara mgbidi uhie.  Agbanyeghị, n'afọ 2022, o kwupụtara na ya agaghị akwado ntuli aka izugbe ọzọ.  Ọ kwadoro Liz Truss na mkpọsa ọ gara nke ọma ka ọ bụrụ Prime Minister na Septemba 2022 wee bụrụ onye omeiwu n'okpuru odeakwụkwọ steeti maka ọkwa ọkwa, ọrụ ọ nọgidere n'okpuru Rishi Sunak.  Davison bụ oge gboo liberal na nkwado Brexit. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Dehenna Sheridan Davison [1] na 27 Julaị 1993 [2] [3] na Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, ebe o tolitere na ala kansụl.[4] [5] [6] Nna ya, Dominic, bụ onye na-atụ nkume, ma nne ya, Nicola, bụ nọọsụ nọọsụ.[7] Davison gara Sheffield High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe na agụmakwụkwọ nke ụlọ akụ HSBC na-akwado.Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ, a wakporo papa ya ma gbuo ya. A tọhapụrụ onye wakporo ya maka igbu mmadụ mana ọ nọrọ ọnwa 18 n'ụlọ nga maka ebubo mwakpo dị iche.[1] Afọ atọ ka e mesịrị, ọ nọchitere anya ezinụlọ ahụ n'ụlọ ikpe nkwụghachi ụgwọ mmerụ ahụ ma kwuo na ajụjụ ọnụ ndị ahụ na ahụmahụ ahụ mere ka ọ nwee mmasị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Davison gụrụ akwụkwọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwu gbasara iwu na Mahadum Hull. N'oge ya na mahadum, ọ nọrọ otu afọ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere ndị omeiwu Jacob Rees-Mogg, MP maka North East Somerse.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmsecret/140220/140220.pdf|title=Register of Interests of Members' Secretaries and Research Assistants (As at 20 February 2014)|accessdate=19 December 2019|work=UK Parliament|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140325161944/http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm/cmsecret/140220/140220.pdf|archivedate=25 March 2014}}</ref> Davison bụkwa onye nnọchi anya NUS ma na-egwuri egwu maka otu lacrosse nke mahadum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://hulluniunion.com/news/article/huu-goes-nationwide-with-nus-conference|title=HUU Goes Nationwide with NUS Conference|work=hulluniunion.com|accessdate=21 September 2020|date=25 February 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://issuu.com/thehullfire/docs/cgw024_010213_issue5|work=The Hullfire|page=22|title=York's Women Lacrosse side show class as Hull crash|date=5 March 2013|accessdate=21 September 2020|author=Shoemark|first=Jack}}</ref> Ọ duziri mkpọsa na-aga nke ọma iji wepụ òtù ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum site na NUS na 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thetab.com/uk/hull/2016/04/26/hull-launches-campaign-disaffiliate-nus-10596|title=Hull students launch campaign to disaffiliate with the NUS|date=26 April 2016|author=Fredrickson|first=Connie|work=The Tab}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/news/hull-university-union-becomes-latest-disaffiliate-national-union-students-a7046696.html|work=The Independent|title=Hull University Union becomes latest to disaffiliate from National Union of Students|date=24 May 2016|accessdate=21 September 2020|author=Ali|first=Aftab}}</ref> N'otu afọ ahụ, Davison bụ onye na-azọ ọkwa onye Conservative maka ngalaba Kings Park na ntuli aka Hull City Council, ebe ọ mechara nke ikpeazụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page-_pageid%3D221%2C1515093%26_dad%3Dportal%26_schema%3DPORTAL|title=Local election results 2016|work=Hull City Council|accessdate=21 September 2020|archivedate=11 October 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181011060740/http://www.hullcc.gov.uk/portal/page-_pageid%3D221%2C1515093%26_dad%3Dportal%26_schema%3DPORTAL}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, ọ gara asọmpi ọzọ wee bụrụ onye nke ise na ngalaba Kingswood. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cmis.hullcc.gov.uk/cmis/Elections/HistoricElectionsInformation/tabid/249/ctl/ViewCandidates/mid/399/ID/23/Default.aspx|title=Election Ward Candidates Constituency Summary|work=Hull City Council|accessdate=24 September 2020}}</ref> Na ngwụcha afọ iri na ụma ya na mmalite afọ iri abụọ, mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ, Davison nwere ọrụ dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere ịrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ahịa egwuregwu vidio, ụlọ ịgba chaa chaa, ụlọ ahịa ịkụ nzọ, na alaka [[Pizza Hut]]. <ref name="McGoogan">{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/politics/meet-millennial-mp-dehenna-davison-boris-baby-just-survived/|work=The Telegraph|date=21 December 2019|title=Meet millennial MP Dehenna Davison – the 'Boris baby' who's just survived her first week in Westminster|author=McGoogan|first=Cara|accessdate=2 January 2020}}</ref> <ref name="Politico">{{Cite web|title=Tories target Blair country|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/tories-target-blair-country/|work=Politico|accessdate=13 December 2019|date=11 May 2017|author=McTague|first=Tom|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213101448/https://www.politico.eu/article/tories-target-blair-country/|archivedate=13 December 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/16/world/europe/uk-parliament-conservatives-majority.html|work=The New York Times|date=16 December 2019|accessdate=3 January 2020|title=Welcome to Parliament. Now Sit Down and Shut Up.|author=Castle|first=Stephen}}</ref> Tupu ọ bụrụ onye omeiwu, Davison bụ onye nyocha na mmepe maka LUMO, ụlọ ọrụ nke na-enye ndụmọdụ azụmaahịa na ụtụ isi.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/conservative-party/house/house-magazine/108577/class-2019-meet-new-mps|work=Politics Home|author=Bond|first=Daniel|date=16 December 2019|accessdate=16 December 2019|title=Class of 2019: Meet the new MPs|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191217174745/https://www.politicshome.com/news/uk/political-parties/conservative-party/house/house-magazine/108577/class-2019-meet-new-mps|archivedate=17 December 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ omeiwu == A họpụtara Davison dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa onye Conservative maka mpaghara Kingston upon Hull North na ntuli aka 2015. Ọ bụ onye nke atọ n'azụ ndị otu Labour Party na UK Independence Party.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ukpollingreport.co.uk/2015guide/hullnorth/|title=Kingston upon Hull North|work=UK Polling Report|accessdate=13 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213101458/https://ukpollingreport.co.uk/2015guide/hullnorth/|archivedate=13 December 2019}}</ref> Davison kwadoro Brexit na 2016 United Kingdom European Union referendum[1] na ọ bụ liberal oge gboo.[2] Ọ sochiri Sedgefield na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2017, ebe ọ gụchara nke abụọ n'azụ onye ndoro-ndoro ochichi nke Labour.[3][4] Na ntuli aka onye isi Conservative Party nke afọ 2019, ọ kwadoro Jeremy Hunt. A họpụtara ya dị ka onye omeiwu maka Bishop Auckland na ntuli aka nke afọ 2019, na ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke 7,962 (17.8%) na mgbanwe nke 9.5% site na Labour gaa na Conservatives.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/politics/constituencies/E14000569|title=Bishop Auckland parliamentary constituency|work=BBC News|accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> Davison bụ onye omeiwu Conservative mbụ maka mpaghara ahụ kemgbe e guzobere ya na 1885. <ref name="Winner">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/election-winners-and-losers-from-the-counts-as-results-come-in-tzhszqjk6|work=The Times|title=Election winners and losers, from Jo Swinson to Dominic Raab|accessdate=13 December 2019|date=13 December 2019}}</ref> Onye nnọchi anya oche ahụ bụ onye omeiwu Labour kemgbe afọ 1935.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bishop Auckland elects Dehenna Davison as first Conservative MP|work=The Northern Echo|date=13 December 2019|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/18099585.bishop-auckland-elects-first-conservative-mp-majority-almost-8-000/|accessdate=13 December 2019|author=Conner-Hill|first=Rachel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.itv.com/news/2019-12-13/johnson-heads-for-landslide-as-labours-red-wall-crumbles/|work=ITV News|title=Johnson heads for landslide as Labour's 'red wall' crumbles|date=13 December 2019|accessdate=13 December 2019}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi ya lekwasịrị anya na nkwa ndị e kwere na Brexit, wee mepee ngalaba mberede nke ụlọ ọgwụ Bishop Auckland nke mechiri na 2009.[1][2]  Kemgbe ntuli aka ya, a na-ewere ya dị ka "kpakpando na-ebili" na pati ahụ yana onye Conservative ama ama na-anọchite anya mpaghara mgbidi uhie.[3][4]  O kwuru okwu nwa agbọghọ ya na 16 Jenụwarị 2020.[5]  N'ọnwa ahụ, o kwupụtara nkwado ya maka iwepụ ọrụ ụgbọ oloko na-agba ọsọ nke HS2, na itinyeghachi ego ahụ n'ime atụmatụ njem njem obodo. Na 14 Febrụwarị 2020, a kọrọ na e sere Davison ya na ndị na-akwado aka nri abụọ na nnọkọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ maka Brexit na 31 Jenụwarị na mpaghara ya.  Na nzaghachi, Davison wepụrụ onwe ya n'echiche nke ndị ikom abụọ ahụ, na-ekwu, sị, "E sere foto ndị a na mmemme ọha na eze ma ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla m na-akwado echiche nke ndị mmadụ metụtara."<ref>{{Cite news|author=Priestley|first=Catherine|title=MP pictured with alleged far-right figures 'in no way condones' their views|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/18237366.mp-pictured-alleged-far-right-figures-in-no-way-condones-views/|accessdate=29 June 2020|work=The Northern Echo}}</ref> Davison bụ onye otu Home Affairs Select Committee site na Machị 2020 ruo Nọvemba 2021. <ref name="Career">{{Cite web|url=https://members.parliament.uk/member/4737/career|title=Parliamentary career|publisher=parliament.uk|accessdate=1 November 2022}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye otu European Research Group, na kọmitii na-eduzi China Research Group, na bọọdụ Blue Collar Conservatives, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.ft.com/content/b354c58b-06fc-4848-a823-584bcc0c3869|work=Financial Times|title=Senior Tories launch ERG-style group to shape policy on China|date=25 April 2020|accessdate=24 June 2020|author=Payne|first=Sebastian}}</ref> na onye otu kansụl ndị omeiwu nke ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche nke etiti aka nri The Northern Policy Foundation.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.northernpolicy.org/dehenna-davison|title=Dehenna Davison MP|publisher=The Northern Policy Foundation|accessdate=22 September 2020|archivedate=1 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001221736/https://www.northernpolicy.org/dehenna-davison}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thetelegraphandargus.co.uk/news/18538880.conservative-think-tank-set-bid-boost-north/|title=Conservative think tank set up in bid to boost the North|work=The Telegraph and Argus|date=25 June 2020|accessdate=22 September 2020|author=Black|first=Michael}}</ref> Na Septemba 2020, ndị otu nke ya katọrọ Davison mgbe ọ chịchara onye isi ndị Labour Scotland Richard Leonard maka inwe ụda bekee wee tụọ aro na nke a bụ ihe kpatara mbelata nkwado Labour na Scotland. Onye na-ekwuchitere ndị Conservatives Scottish kwuru na: "Nkatọ a bụ ihe a na-anabataghị. Ọ na-egwu n'ime ụdị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nkewa nke SNP na-akwalite. " Na Febụwarị 2021, Davison mepụtara All-Party Parliamentary Group (APPG) maka One-Punch Assaults ma jee ozi dị ka onyeisi oche ya ruo Septemba 2022. Nna ya nwụrụ site na mwakpo otu ugboro mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19118855.dehenna-davison-sets-parliamentary-group-one-punch-assault-victims/|work=The Northern Echo|title=Dehenna Davison launches group for one punch assault victims|author=Bellis|first=Richard|date=25 February 2021|accessdate=11 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/dehenna-davison-one-punch-killing-awareness-b2416010.html|work=The Independent|title=Dehenna Davison: MP whose father was killed by one punch opens up about trauma 15 years on|date=22 September 2023|accessdate=18 February 2024|author=Evans|first=Holly}}</ref> Ọ malitere Forum Market Free, otu ndị omebe iwu Conservative na-akwado liberalism oge gboo nke jikọtara ya na Institute of Economic Affairs think tank na Greg Smith na Eprel 2021. [[Usòrò:22_06_23,_London,_United_Kingdom._Dehenna_Davison,_Parliamentary_Under_Secretary_of_State_at_the_Department_for_Levelling_Up,_Housing_and_Communities,_pictured_at_the_Ukraine_Recovery_Conference_2023_(52992558727).jpg|thumb|Davison na Nzukọ Nweghachi Ukraine, 2023]] Davison bụ onye na-akwado The Political Correction na GB News n'ụtụtụ Sọnde n'etiti June 2021 na Septemba 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Bishop Auckland MP launches 'The Political Correction' on GB News|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19385874.bishop-auckland-mp-launches-the-political-correction-gb-news/|accessdate=20 June 2021|work=The Northern Echo}}</ref> Davison jụrụ ịtụ vootu maka Health and Social Care Levy na Septemba 2021. Ụtụ isi ahụ mụbara onyinye inshọransị mba nke ndị ọrụ na ndị were ha n'ọrụ kwụrụ site na 1.25% n'etiti Eprel 2022 na 2023 tupu ọ ghọọ ụtụ isi dị iche site n'oge ahụ gaa n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/19569685.bishop-auckland-mp-abstains-health-social-care-levy-vote/|work=The Northern Echo|date=9 September 2021|author=Engelbrecht|first=Gavin|title=Bishop Auckland MP abstains on health and social care levy vote}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk/explainers/health-social-care-levy|publisher=Institute for Government|date=6 April 2022|title=Health and social care levy}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị omebe iwu Conservative 99 ịtụ vootu megide iwebata akwụkwọ ikike Covid na England na Disemba 2021.[1] [2]  Na mbido 2022, o kwuputara nkwado ya maka ndozigharị nke Iwu nnabata nwoke na nwanyị 2004 iji gụnye njirimara onwe onye,[3] na mmachibido ọgwụgwọ ntụgharị gụnyere ndị transgender. Davison bụ otu n'ime ndị omeiwu 148 iji votu megide Prime Minister Boris Johnson na ntuli aka nke Conservative Party nke 2022 na onye ndu ya na 6 June.[1] Johnson lanarịrị ntuli aka nke ntụkwasị obi mana ọ gbara arụkwaghịm na 7 Julaị 2022 na-esochi asịrị Chris Pincher na nsogbu gọọmentị sochirinụ.[2][3] Ọ kwadoro Liz Truss na nhoputa ndi ochichi nke Julai-Septemba 2022 Conservative Party. Truss ghọrọ praịm minista na 6 Septemba 2022 ma họpụta Davison dị ka Onye omeiwu na-esote odeakwụkwọ nke steeti na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nkwado, Ụlọ na Obodo ụbọchị abụọ ka e mesịrị. Rishi Sunak nọchiri Truss n'ihi ntuli aka ndị isi Conservative Party n'October 2022 na Davison nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya. <ref name="Career"/> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/ministerial-appointments-september-2022|title=Ministerial Appointments: September 2022|date=8 September 2022|accessdate=16 September 2022|publisher=gov.uk}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-63375281|title=Rishi Sunak calls for stability and unity as he wins contest to be PM|date=25 October 2022|accessdate=1 November 2022|publisher=BBC News}}</ref> N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2022, Davison kwupụtara na ọ gaghị achọ ka a họpụta ya ọzọ dịka onye omeiwu na ntuli aka ọzọ na-ekwu na ọ dị mkpa inwe "ndụ na-abụghị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị" ma kwado ezinụlọ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tees-63759992/|title=Dehenna Davison to stand down as Bishop Auckland MP at election|work=BBC News|date=25 November 2022|accessdate=25 November 2022}}</ref> N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2023, ọ gbara arụkwaghịm dị ka osote odeakwụkwọ nke steeti maka Levelling Up n'ihi isi ọwụwa na-adịghị ala ala.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-66844580|title=Chronic migraines have forced me to quit, says Dehenna Davison|work=BBC News|date=18 September 2023|accessdate=18 September 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2023/sep/18/dehenna-davison-resigns-as-uk-minister-citing-struggle-with-chronic-migraine|work=The Guardian|date=18 September 2023|accessdate=20 September 2023|title=Dehenna Davison resigns as minister, citing struggle with chronic migraine|author=Adu|first=Aletha}}</ref> N'ọnwa Machị afọ 2024, ọ nwetara arụmụka mbụ nke ndị omeiwu banyere isi ọwụwa kemgbe afọ 1960 ma kpọọ ahụmahụ ya na isi ọwụcha dị ka "mbibi ndụ".<ref name="Migraine debate" /> Ya na ndị nnọchi anya National Migraine Centre na Migraine Trust rịọrọ gọọmentị ka ha zute iji melite ọgwụgwọ isi ọwụwa ma kwuo na ọtụtụ ndị na-arịa isi ọwụụ na-adịghị ala ala na-enwe "ihe mgbu na-egbu mgbu".<ref name="Migraine debate">{{Cite web|date=2024-03-21|title=MP Dehenna Davison highlights 'life-ruining' impact of migraines|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cw0z72kl7jeo|accessdate=2024-03-25|work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Davison lụrụ onye ndụmọdụ Hull City John Fareham, onye bụ afọ 35 ka ọ toro ya, na 2018 (mgbe Fareham bụ 59 na Davison bụ 24).Di na nwunye ahụ pụtara ọnụ na usoro akwụkwọ akụkọ Channel 4 Bride na Prejudice, nke gosipụtara agbamakwụkwọ ha na Guildhall, Kingston n'elu Hull. Ha kewapụrụ tupu ntuliaka izugbe nke afọ 2019.<ref name="Tucker">{{Cite news|author=Tucker|first=Grant|title=Meet Boris's Babies — they're young, fun and working class|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/news/meet-boriss-babies-theyre-young-fun-and-working-class-qr59rrhrp|accessdate=15 December 2019|work=The Times|date=15 December 2019}}</ref> Davison pụtara dị ka nwoke na nwanyị na 2021, ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ na-enwe mmekọahụ abụọ na nwanyị Conservative MP. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/oct/11/tory-mp-dehenna-davison-overwhelmed-with-support-after-saying-she-is-bisexual|work=The Guardian|title=Tory MP Dehenna Davison 'overwhelmed' with support after saying she is bisexual|date=11 October 2021|accessdate=22 October 2021|author=Walker|first=Peter}}</ref> Kemgbe 2022, ya na onye nnọchi anya Tony Kay na-enwe mmekọrịta, onye isi ngalaba nke Arab Peninsula na Ofesi, Commonwealth na Development Office.  Kay ga-abụ osote onye nnọchi anya Britain na Brazil n'oge ọkọchị nke 2024 na Davison ekwuola banyere isonyere ya ebe ahụ mgbe oge ya dị ka MP kwụsịrị. Davison bi n'obodo nta Coundon, County Durham . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dehennadavison.com/about-dehenna|title=About Dehenna|publisher=Bishop Auckland Conservative Association|accessdate=13 March 2021|archivedate=23 February 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240223111235/https://www.dehennadavison.com/about-dehenna}}</ref> Dịka akụkụ nke izu mmata ahụike uche 2019, Davison tụlere ahụmịhe onwe ya nke ịda mbà n'obi na echiche igbu onwe ya mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na London dị ka onye enyemaka ndị omeiwu, mgbe a chọpụtachara nne nne ya, ma mesịa nwụọ n'ihi ọrịa kansa akpa ume. O meela ka o doo anya maka ojiji o jiri ọgwụ mgbochi ịda mbà n'obi n'oge gara aga.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://herhouseuk.com/2019/05/18/one-hour-at-a-time-mental-health-awareness-week/|publisher=Her House UK|title=One Hour At A Time|date=18 May 2019|accessdate=15 September 2020|archivedate=15 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200915163502/https://herhouseuk.com/2019/05/18/one-hour-at-a-time-mental-health-awareness-week/}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2023, a kpọrọ Davison aha na ndepụta 100 Women nke BBC, nke gosipụtara 100 Ụmụ nwanyị na-akpali akpali ma na-emetụta site na gburugburu ụwa. <ref name="BBC">{{Cite web|date=November 23, 2023|title=BBC 100 Women 2023: Who is on the list this year?|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-02d9060e-15dc-426c-bfe0-86a6437e5234|accessdate=2023-11-24|work=BBC News|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * * [[Hansard]].parliament.uk/search/MemberContributions?memberId=4737" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Onyinye na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu na Hansard * [https://www.publicwhip.org.uk/mp.php?mpn=Dehenna_Davison Ihe ndekọ vootu] na Public Whip[[Public Whip|Ọkụ n'ihu ọha]] * [https://www.theyworkforyou.com/mp/25815 Ihe ndekọ na Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu] na TheyWorkForYou[[TheyWorkForYou|Ha Na-arụ Ọrụ Maka Gị]] {{s-start}} {{s-par|uk}} {{s-bef|before=[[Helen Goodman]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|Member of Parliament]]<br>for [[Bishop Auckland (UK Parliament constituency)|Bishop Auckland]]|years=2019–[[2024 United Kingdom general election|2024]]}} {{s-aft|after=[[Sam Rushworth]]}} {{s-off}} {{s-bef|before=[[Lia Nici]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Levelling Up]]|years=2022–2023}} {{s-aft|after=[[Jacob Young (politician)|Jacob Young]]}} {{s-end}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Davison, Dehenna}} [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2p8lklhricnynb74asnmaqk2ptk53xe 0 53066 656693 579956 2026-06-22T21:18:50Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656693 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Cathleen Calbert''' bụ onye America na-ede uri na onye edemede, onye edemede nke mkpokọta uri ise. Ihe odide ya apụtala na ''Ms. Magazine, The Nation, New Republic, The New York Times, The Paris Review, Poetry, Ploughshares,'' <ref>[http://www.pshares.org/authors/author-detail.cfm?authorID=231 ''Ploughshares'' > Authors & Articles > Cathleen Calbert]</ref> na ebe ndị ọzọ. Amụrụ ya na Jackson, Michigan ma zụlite na ndịda California. Ọ natara BA na Mahadum California na Berkeley, MA ya na Mahadum Syracuse, yana Ph.D. sitere na Mahadum Houston . Ugbu a, ọ bụ prọfesọ nke Bekee na Mahadum Rhode Island . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ric.edu/creativewriting/ |title=Rhode Island College > Creative Writing Program |accessdate=2024-10-08 |archivedate=2017-03-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170329005459/http://ric.edu/creativewriting/ }}</ref> == Ọrụ ebipụtara == '''Akwụkwọ''' * ''Ụmụ agbọghọ ahụ nọ n'ahụhụ'' (Mbipụta Obere Osisi Uhie, 2016) * ''Soro onye ama ama ama'' (Akwụkwọ CW, 2007) * ''Ikpe ọjọọ'' ( Akwụkwọ Sarabande, 1999) * ''Ihe nkuzi na Space'' ( University Press of Florida, 1997) == Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu == * Award Discovery "The Nation". * Ihe nrite Pushcart * Gordon Barber Memorial Award, Poetry Society of America * Sheila Motton Book Award, New England Poetry Club == Ntụaka == Poetry, Ploughshares, [1] na ebe ndị ọzọ. Amụrụ ya na Jackson, Michigan{{Reflist}} == Isi mmalite == * [https://www.amazon.com/Cathleen-Calbert/e/B001K7YQSE/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_1?qid=1469480607&sr=8-1 Amazon ode akwụkwọ ibe] * [http://cathleencalbert.com Ibe weebụ Cathleen Calbert] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081201090847/http://www.custom-words.com./calbert.html Akwụkwọ CW] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120721221044/http://www.sarabandebooks.org/sarabande/Authors/Cathleen%20Calbert/998339821217/ Akwụkwọ Sarabande] {{DEFAULTSORT:Calbert, Cathleen}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 2az4boq8h59slmlphgfherot5audejr 0 54016 656703 580001 2026-06-23T01:28:49Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656703 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} '''Christine Vivienne Stephens''' ONZM bụ ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ ahụike na agụmakwụkwọ nkà mmụta sayensị New Zealand. Ugbu a ọ bụ prọfesọ nke akparamaagwa na Mahadum Massey nke dabere na Palmerston North . <ref name="bio">{{Cite web|url=http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/expertise/profile.cfm?stref=743230|title=Prof Christine Stephens – Professor – Massey University|publisher=Massey.ac.nz|date=10 November 2016|accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị ntọala nke International Society of Critical Health Psychology, bụ nke ọ na-achịkwa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Career File: Christine Stephens|url=https://ischp.net/2019/03/15/career-file-christine-stephens/|author=Anonymous|date=15 March 2019|work=International Society of Critical Health Psychology|accessdate=20 May 2020}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Stephens gụchara akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na Mahadum Massey na ọrịa ọrịa overuse na-arụ ọrụ na nchekasị psychosocial, na-esote PhD na oke ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na ndị uwe ojii New Zealand na 1993. Ọ sonyeere ndị ọrụ na Massey na 1996, na-ebili na prọfesọ. <ref name="bio"/> Mgbe nhọpụta, ọ mepụtara nkuzi na nkwalite ahụike, nke e nyere site na 2001 na nke ọ kụziiri ruo 2016. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Chamberlain|first=Kerry|year=2018|title=Critical health psychology in New Zealand: Developments, directions and reflections|journal=[[Journal of Health Psychology]]|volume=23|issue=3|pages=457–471|doi=10.1177/1359105317734871|pmid=28994308}}</ref> N'oge a, o dere akwụkwọ gbasara nkwalite ahụike, nke isiokwu ya bụ ''nkwalite ahụike: A Psychosocial Approach'' na bipụtara na 2008. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Stephens|first=Christine|title=Health Promotion: A Psychosocial Approach|publisher=Open University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0335236947|location=Maidenhead, United Kingdom}}</ref> Stephens na-eduga otu ngalaba nyocha ahụike na ịka nká (HART) na Fiona Alpass, dịkwa na Massey. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Stories – Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand|url=https://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/get-help/stories/story/67/professors-christine-stephens-and-fiona-alpass|publisher=Mentalhealth.org.nz|accessdate=30 January 2018|archivedate=30 January 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180130204441/https://www.mentalhealth.org.nz/get-help/stories/story/67/professors-christine-stephens-and-fiona-alpass}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|author=Alpass|first=Chris Stephens|date=23 November 2014|title=The 'don't stop' attitude|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/future-nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503726&objectid=11362430|accessdate=30 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|date=26 June 2016|title=Why you'll never be able to retire|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11663503|accessdate=30 January 2018}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Christine Stephens &#124; Superu's research Hub|url=http://thehub.superu.govt.nz/author/christine-stephens|publisher=Thehub.superu.govt.nz|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051032/http://thehub.superu.govt.nz/author/christine-stephens|archivedate=22 December 2017|accessdate=19 December 2017}}</ref> Isi ihe ndị otu a lekwasịrị anya bụ ọmụmụ ogologo ogologo oge gbasara ịdịmma ndụ ịka nká (Ọmụmụ ahụike, ọrụ na ezumike nka), ọmụmụ ogologo oge nke New Zealand nke ịka nká. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hiirc.org.nz/page/35895/the-new-zealand-longitudinal-study-of-ageing/|title=The New Zealand Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NZLSA) • Health Improvement and Innovation Resource Centre|publisher=Hiirc.org.nz|accessdate=19 December 2017|archivedate=22 December 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051935/https://www.hiirc.org.nz/page/35895/the-new-zealand-longitudinal-study-of-ageing/}}</ref> Ndị otu nyocha ahụ emeela nyocha nke afọ abụọ maka ihe nlele nke ndị agadi kemgbe ihe karịrị afọ 10. Nchọpụta ahụ gụnyekwara ọmụmụ ihe omimi dị omimi na isiokwu ndị dị ka inye nlekọta nkịtị, nlekọta ahụike, ahụmahụ nke ọrịa na-egbu egbu, na mkpa ụlọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=International Network for Critical Gerontology|url=https://criticalgerontology.com/author/cstephens/}}</ref> == Ọmụmụ ihe == Nnyocha Stephen dị ugbu a dị na njikọ nke akparamaagwa ahụike na gerontology. Ọrụ mmụta ya na-elekwasị anya ugbu a na ihe ndị a chọrọ nke ndị agadi na mkpa ọ dị ịnye ozi maka amụma mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omume na-akwado. O meela nnukwu onyinye usoro ihe omuma na mpaghara a, ya na onye ọrụ ibe Mary Breheny, onye prọfesọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na Mahadum Massey na onye so na Health and Aging Research Team. N'otu aka, ha adọtala ụzọ ikike ama ama nke Amartya Sen iji zụlite usoro echiche dị iche iche nke gafere echiche nke biomedical site n'ịghọta echiche nke nkwụghachi, yana ahụmịhe nke ndị agadi n'onwe ha n'ịchọpụta ihe ịka nká pụtara. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Stephens|first=Christine|url=https://www.routledge.com/Healthy-Ageing-A-Capability-Approach-to-Inclusive-Policy-and-Practice/Stephens-Breheny/p/book/9781138193949|title=Healthy Ageing: A Capability Approach to Inclusive Policy and Practice|publisher=Routledge|year=2018|isbn=9781138193949}}</ref> == Nkwanye ugwu na ihe nrite == [[Usòrò:Christine_Stephens_ONZM_investiture.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Stephens (n'aka ekpe), ka emechara nyocha ya dị ka onye ọrụ nke New Zealand Order of Merit site n'aka onye isi gọvanọ, Dame Cindy Kiro, na Ụlọ Gọọmenti, Wellington, na 6 Septemba 2024]] Na 2024 King's Birthday Honors, a họpụtara Stephens onye ọrụ nke New Zealand Order of Merit, maka ọrụ na nkà mmụta uche ahụike na ndị agadi. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/kings-birthday-honours-2024-the-full-list-of-all-recipients/P4L54KE5MVCIHIMAJN3LOR335E/|title=King’s Birthday Honours 2024: The full list of all recipients|date=3 June 2024|work=[[The New Zealand Herald]]|accessdate=3 June 2024}}</ref> == Ọrụ ahọpụtara == * Ọ dịghị onye, Jack H., na Christine Stephens. "Ndị ikom, njirimara nwoke, na iji nlekọta ahụike." ''Sociology nke ahụike na ọrịa'' 30, mba. 5 (2008): 711–725 . * Stephens, Christine, na Nigel Long. "Mkparịta ụka na ndị nlekọta ndị uwe ojii na ndị ọgbọ dị ka ihe na-egbochi nrụgide traumatic ọrụ." ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke omume nhazi'' (2000): 407-424. * Stephens, Christine. "Ndị isi obodo n'ọnọdụ ya: Iji usoro mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ghọta isi obodo na enweghị oke na ahụike." ''Sayensị Ọhaneze &amp;amp; Ọgwụ'' 66, mba. 5 (2008): 1174–1184. * Stephens, Christine, Nigel Long, na Ian Miller. "Mmetụta nke trauma na nkwado mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nsogbu nrụgide posttraumatic: Nnyocha nke ndị uweojii New Zealand." ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ Criminal Justice'' 25, mba. 4 (1997): 303–314 . * Stephens, Christine, Fiona Alpass, Andy Towers, na Brendan Stevenson. "Mmetụta nke ụdị netwọk mmekọrịta, ndị a ghọtara nkwado mmadụ, na owu ọmụma na ahụike nke ndị agadi: Ịkọ maka ọnọdụ mmekọrịta." ''Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke ịka nká na ahụike'' 23, mba. 6 (2011): 887–911. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Christine Stephens publications indexed by Google Scholar * [http://www.massey.ac.nz/massey/expertise/profile.cfm?stref=743230 institutional homepage] [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Stephens, Christine}} cy0hmzy77ste5jythl3wn1w2r7wxcjc 10 55947 656743 654503 2026-06-23T10:41:34Z CommonsDelinker 87 Replacing Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg with [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 656743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Peru | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-spain = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg | flag alias-1820 = Flag of Tacna Regiment (1820 proposal).svg | flag alias-1821 = Flag of Peru (1821-1822).svg | flag alias-1822 = Flag of Peru (1822).svg | flag alias-1822a = Flag of Peru (1822–1825).svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg | flag alias-confederation = Flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.svg | flag alias-north = Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg | link alias-north = North Peru | flag alias-south = Flag of South Peru.svg | link alias-south = South Peru | flag alias-1884 = Flag of Peru (1884–1950).svg | flag alias-state = War flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-football = War flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Peruvian Army.svg | link alias-army = Peruvian Army | flag alias-naval= Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-naval = Peruvian Navy | flag alias-air force= Flag of the Peruvian Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Peruvian Air Force | flag alias-military=State flag of Peru.svg | link alias-military=Peruvian Armed Forces | flag alias-marines = Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-marines = Peruvian Naval Infantry | flag alias-navy = War flag of Peru.svg | link alias-navy = Peruvian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = spain | var2 = 1820 | var3 = 1821 | var4 = 1822 | var5 = 1822a | var6 = 1825 | var7 = confederation | var8 = north | var9 = south | var10 = 1884 | var11 = state | var12 = football | redir1 = PER </noinclude> }} 4c582h5on7wgitjpbxuaqzbk3zogqq3 0 56549 656712 364803 2026-06-23T03:13:52Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:COLD-FX logo.jpg|thumb|Cold-fX]] Cold-Fx bụ ngwaahịa sitere na mgbọrọgwụ North America ginseng (Panax quinquefolius). Ọ bụ Jacqueline Shan chepụtara ya, [1] na ụlọ ọrụ ya rụpụtara ya, Afexa Life Sciences (nke a na-akpọbu CV Teknụzụ..<ref name="home">{{Cite web|title=Cold-Fx|url=https://cold-fx.ca/|publisher=Bausch & Lomb|accessdate=17 February 2025|date=2025}}</ref> Enwere obere ihe akaebe iji kwado na Cold-Fx dị irè na oyi nkịtị.[1] Emere nnwale niile site n'aka onye nrụpụta yana enweghị mkpesa data adịghị mma. Dị ka akwụkwọ ndekọ aha Health Canada's Natural Health Product Directorate si kwuo, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-ekwu na ọ nwere ike "nyere aka belata ugboro ole, ogo na ogologo oge nke mgbaàmà oyi na flu site n'ịkwalite usoro ahụ ji alụso ọrịa ọgụ."[2] Cold-Fx bụ Health Canada nyere ikike dị ka ngwaahịa ahụike eke. <ref name="hc" /> == Ojiji ọgwụ == Enweghị ihe akaebe na Cold-Fx dị irè na ndị butere ọrịa oyi.<ref name="Nahas2011">{{Cite journal|author=Nahas|first=R|title=Complementary and alternative medicine for prevention and treatment of the common cold.|journal=Canadian Family Physician|date=Jan 2011|volume=57|issue=1|pages=31–6|pmid=21322286}}</ref> Mmetụta nke iji mgbochi eme ihe edoghị anya.<ref name="Nahas2011" /> Mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe mgbochi, ọ naghị eme ka ọ dị iche na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọrịa.<ref name="Seida2011" /> O yikwara ka ọ nweghị mmetụta ọ bụla n'otú ọrịa ahụ siri sie ike.<ref name="Seida2011" /> E nwere ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọ nwere ike ibelata ogologo oge nke ọrịa mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe mgbochi.<ref name="Seida2011" /> == Mmetụta ọjọọ == Ndị chọrọ ọgwụgwọ anticoagulant dị ka warfarin kwesịrị izere iji ginseng America.<ref name="hc">{{Cite web|url=http://webprod3.hc-sc.gc.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info.do?lang=eng&licence=80002849|title=Product Information: Cold-Fx|date=10 September 2013|publisher=Health Canada|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023061913/http://webprod3.hc-sc.gc.ca/lnhpd-bdpsnh/info.do?lang=eng&licence=80002849|archivedate=2013-10-23|accessdate=2025-03-06}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">. Health Canada. 10 September 2013. Archived from on 2013-10-23.</cite></ref> A naghị atụ aro ya maka ndị nwere imeju ma ọ bụ akụrụ na-adịghị arụ ọrụ.<ref name="hc" /> A naghị atụ aro ya na ndị dị ime ma ọ bụ na-enye nwa ara.<ref name="hc" /> Mmetụta ọjọọ ndị ọzọ nwere ike ịgụnye isi ọwụwa, nchegbu, nsogbu ihi ụra na afọ iwe.<ref name="hc" /> Ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ike ịkpata [[Ihe na-adịghị anabata ya|mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma]] na ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ.<ref name="hc" /> == Nkatọ == E gosighi na ngwaahịa ahụ na-ebelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ma ọ bụ oke oyi.<ref name="Seida2011">{{Cite journal|author=Seida|first=JK|title=North American (''Panax quinquefolius'') and Asian Ginseng (''Panax ginseng'') Preparations for Prevention of the Common Cold in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review.|journal=Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine|year=2011|volume=2011|pages=282151|pmid=19592479|doi=10.1093/ecam/nep068}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSeidaDurec,_TKuhle,_S2011">Seida, JK; Durec, T; Kuhle, S (2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136130 "North American (''Panax quinquefolius'') and Asian Ginseng (''Panax ginseng'') Preparations for Prevention of the Common Cold in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review"]. ''Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine''. '''2011''': 282151. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1093/ecam/nep068|10.1093/ecam/nep068]]. [[PMC (identifier)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3136130 3136130]</span>. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19592479 19592479].</cite></ref> E nwere ihe akaebe na-egosi na ọ nwere ike ime ka oyi dị mkpụmkpụ n'etiti ndị toro eto nwere ahụike mgbe a na-ewere ya iji gbochie ya.<ref name="Seida2011" /> Nnyocha niile na-etinye nsonaazụ "dị mkpa" na ịdị irè ya bụ nke mbụ ma bụrụ nke onye nrụpụta kwadoro.<ref name="Seida2011" /> Nkatọ ndị ọzọ na-egosi na ọmụmụ ihe ndị a bụ obere, na-enwe ọdọ mmiri ndị na-ekere òkè na nkesa nwoke na nwanyị na-adịghị mma.<ref name="abcarticle" /> Ndị na-eme nchọpụta ekwuola na enweghi nyocha zuru oke banyere mmetụta nke ụdị ọ bụla nke ginseng na oyi nkịtị iji mepụta nkwubi okwu ọ bụla.<ref name="acarticle">{{cite web |url=http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=9c59543e-3d59-4673-8538-ab20e05c20eb |title=Does ginseng really work? It depends on who you ask |author=William Lin |date=2007-02-16 |publisher=The Ottawa Citizen |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080621195037/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=9c59543e-3d59-4673-8538-ab20e05c20eb |archive-date=2008-06-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ekwuola na anwalebeghị ngwaahịa ahụ maka ikike ya ịgwọ oyi mgbe mmadụ butere ọrịa.<ref name="unproven">{{Cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/features/health/la-he-ginseng18feb18,0,4445115.story|title=Ginseng Unproven in U.S.|accessdate=|author=|date=2008-02-18|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Enweghị nnyocha e mere iji nyochaa mmetụta ndị nwere ike ịdị ogologo oge nke ịṅụ ọgwụ ahụ kwa ụbọchị n'oge oyi na influenza.<ref name="abcarticle">{{Cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Flu/story?id=1247773|title=Fighting the Common Cold|author=|date=2005-10-25|work=ABC News}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://abcnews.go.com/GMA/Flu/story?id=1247773 "Fighting the Common Cold"]. ''ABC News''. 2005-10-25.</cite></ref>A katọrọ onye nrụpụta ahụ maka ime nkwupụta ahụike banyere ngwaahịa ahụ nke a na-anwalebeghị ma ọ bụ nyochaa sayensị. Ruo n'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2007, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nyere ndụmọdụ maka usoro ọgwụ 18 n'ime ụbọchị 3 iji nweta "mgbapụta ozugbo" site na oyi. Nnyocha nke Health Canada banyere akwụkwọ sayensị kwadoro na nke a abụghị nkwupụta na o nwere ikike ime.<ref name="immediaterelief">{{Cite web|url=http://www.macleans.ca/homepage/magazine/article.jsp?content=20070326_103302_103302|title=COLD-fX catches the sniffles again|author=Charlie Gillis|date=2007-03-26|publisher=Maclean's Magazine|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207163510/http://www.macleans.ca/homepage/magazine/article.jsp?content=20070326_103302_103302|archivedate=2012-02-07}}</ref>Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mepụtara ngwaahịa dị iche maka ojiji a. Nkwupụta mgbasa ozi CV Technologies kọwara mgbanwe na usoro ọgwụgwọ dị ka nhọrọ iji tinye usoro abụọ na Health Canada.<ref name="CV Technologies Press Release">{{Cite web|url=http://cnrp.ccnmatthews.com/cnrp_files/20070305-305CVQ.pdf|title=COLD-fX Sets Record Straight: Health Canada's Approval of New Medical Claims Unchanged|author=|date=March 5, 2007|publisher=CV Technologies|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002214300/http://cnrp.ccnmatthews.com/cnrp_files/20070305-305CVQ.pdf|archivedate=October 2, 2011}}</ref> N'afọ 2015, a malitere ikpe mkpegharị nke kwuru na onye na-emepụta ya eduhiewo ndị mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cold-FX users were misled about top-selling cold and flu remedy, lawsuit alleges|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/cold-fx-users-were-misled-about-top-selling-cold-and-flu-remedy-lawsuit-alleges|work=National Post|accessdate=23 June 2015|date=March 31, 2015}}</ref> Onye ọka ikpe nke Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke British Columbia jụrụ ịkwado ikpe ahụ, mana o kpeghị ikpe na nkwupụta ahụ n'onwe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/11/16/cold-fx-class-action-lawsuit-tossed.html|title=Cold-FX class action lawsuit tossed - Toronto Star|work=thestar.com|date=16 November 2016}}</ref> A jụrụ arịrịọ ahụ n'okwu ikpe a n'afọ 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=B.C. Appeal Court rejects class action lawsuit aimed at Cold-FX|url=http://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/b-c-appeal-court-rejects-class-action-lawsuit-aimed-at-cold-fx|work=financialpost.com May 2, 2018|accessdate=March 6, 2025|archivedate=April 15, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415044122/https://business.financialpost.com/pmn/business-pmn/b-c-appeal-court-rejects-class-action-lawsuit-aimed-at-cold-fx}}</ref> == Edemsibia == 41au2ahg51kxrrxm50pyc5pt8n9dhq1 0 56567 656728 201398 2026-06-23T06:50:59Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656728 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Dashiki_and_kufi_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Onye na-eti egwu na [[Ghana]], yi dashiki]] dashiki (/ dəˈʃiːki, dɑː-/, də-SHEE-kee, dah-)[1] [2] bụ uwe mara mma nke na-ekpuchi ọkara elu ahụ, nke a na-eyikarị na West Africa.[3] Ọ nwere ụdị nkịtị na nke na-abụghị nke na-adịgasị iche site na uwe mwụda dị mfe ruo na suut ahaziri nke ọma. Ụdị a na-ahụkarị bụ uwe na-adọpụ uche na-adịghị mma, nke nwere akwa olu nwere ụdị V, na nke ahaziri na nke kpara olu na ahịrị aka. A na-eyikarị ya na okpu kufi na-enweghị isi (nke a na-eyi n'ime obodo ndị Alakụba na Africa na ndị si mba Africa) na uwe ogologo ọkpa. Ndị obodo ndị dị n'Afrịka, ọkachasị ndị Afrịka America agbasala ma kwuo ya. Emebere dashiki ụghalaahịa ugbu a sitere na <nowiki>''</nowiki> Angelina print <nowiki>''</nowiki>, ụdị mbipụta wax sitere n'aka onye nrụpụta Dutch Toon van de Mannaker maka Vlisco nke Netherlands, onye atụmatụ ya bụ "Africa sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ".[1] [2] Ihe mkpali ziri ezi maka ụkpụrụ mbipụta Angelina bụ uwe akwa silk ọdịnala nke ụmụ nwanyị Etiopia na-eyi.[1][3] Mbipụta nke Angelina na-ewu ewu dabara na ntọhapụ nke egwu egwu ndụ Ghana dị elu "Angelina", aha ahịa ahịa West Africa ga-amalite ịkpọ ụdị mbipụta wax.[4] Na Congo, a ga-akpọ ya "Ya Mamado!" ma emesịa "Miriam Makeba", nke mbụ bụ egwu egwu egwu egwu nke ndị otu mpaghara nyere aka gbasaa ụkpụrụ ahụ na nke ikpeazụ bụ onye egwu South Africa ama ama nke na-eyikarị mbipụta wax..<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Vlisco Angelina fabric - story behind these African fabric patterns|url=https://www.vlisco.com/fabric_story/angelina/|accessdate=2022-08-06|work=Vlisco|language=en-US}}</ref> Okwu ahụ bụ "dashiki" sitere na <span cx-link="" data-linkid="29" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" href="./Yoruba_language" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Yoruba language">Yoruba-language text" typeof="mw:Transclusion">''dàńṣíkí''</span>, okwu mgbazinye Yoruba sitere [[Asụsụ Hausa|Ndị Hausa]] {{Lang|ha|dan ciki}}, nke pụtara <nowiki>'uwe' ma ọ bụ ''</nowiki> (dị ka uwe mpụga, ''Babariga''). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://kuwala.co/blogs/news/173604679-african-fabrics-101-dashiki|title=African Fabrics 101: From Angelina Print To Dashiki Shirt|date=June 8, 2016|publisher=Kuwala Co|accessdate=January 10, 2018|archivedate=January 11, 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111052619/https://kuwala.co/blogs/news/173604679-african-fabrics-101-dashiki}}</ref> == Nsụgharị == Ụdị dashiki nke a na-amaghị ama bụ akwụkwọ ọdịnala ma ọ bụ dashiki e ji chọọ mma. E nwere nsụgharị atọ. Ụdị nke mbụ nwere dashiki, ''sokoto'' (uwe na-ese ihe), na [[kufi]] kwekọrọ. A na-akpọ ụdị ejiji a dashiki ma ọ bụ dashiki trouser set ma ọ bụ uwe ọtụtụ ndị na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ na-eyi n'oge emume agbamakwụkwọ. Ụdị nke abụọ nwere uwe ogologo ụkwụ, nke kwekọrọ kufi, na ''sokoto'' ma a na-akpọ ya Kaftan nke Senegal. Ụdị nke atọ nwere dashiki na brọsh ndị kwekọrọ. A na-eyi uwe na-asọ asọ n'elu ihe ndị a. A na-akpọ ụdị a grand boubou ma ọ bụ [[agbada]]. E nwere ọtụtụ ụdị ejiji dashiki dị na ụlọ ahịa ejiji. Ụdị uwe ejiji a gụnyere na setịpụrụ na-ekpebi aha ahụ. Uwe ọdịnala dashiki gụnyere uwe ogologo nke apata ụkwụ. Akpụkpọ ụkwụ dị mkpirikpi, ụdị ọdịnala na-amasị ndị purists. Uwe dashiki ogologo na-agụnye uwe elu nke dị ogologo ma ọ bụ ogologo. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụrụ na uwe ahụ eruo nkwonkwo ụkwụ, ọ bụ kaftan Senegalese. N'ikpeazụ, uwe dashiki lace gụnyere uwe e ji lace mee. Ngwakọta nke dashiki na kaftan nke ụmụ nwanyị na-eyi bụ dashiki nwoke ọdịnala nwere uwe ọdịda anyanwụ. === Agba agbamakwụkwọ === Gray bụ ụcha ọdịnala maka agbamakwụkwọ ụfọdụ dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka.<ref name="Bridalzine">{{Cite web|url=http://www.bridalzine.com/culture1.html|title=African American Wedding Culture|accessdate=2009-04-30|archivedate=2017-12-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171206140050/http://www.bridalzine.com/culture1.html}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị na-alụ nwanyị ọhụrụ na-eyi uwe dashiki ọcha n'oge emume agbamakwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ di na nwunye na-eyi agba ndị na-abụghị omenala. Agba ndị na-abụghị omenala bụ purple na blue. * Purple na lavender: ụcha nke ndị eze Africa.<ref name="WeddingDetails.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.weddingdetails.com/wedding-traditions/africa/|title=African Wedding Traditions}}</ref> * Blue: ụcha nke ịhụnanya, udo, na nkwekọrịta. === Agba olili ozu === Ọcha na ọbara ọbara bụ ụcha ọdịnala nke iru uju.<ref name="Path Ghana.com">{{Cite web|url=http://pathghana.com/funerals-in-ghana.html|title=Funerals in Ghana|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715051715/http://pathghana.com/funerals-in-ghana.html|archivedate=2011-07-15}}</ref> == Na United States == Dashiki chọtara ahịa na America n'oge Civil Rights na Black Power movements. Okwu ''dashiki'' malitere ịpụta na mbipụta ma ọ dịkarịa ala n'afọ 1967. N'ịkọ akụkọ banyere ọgba aghara Newark nke 1967 na Amsterdam News na July 22, 1967, George Barner na-ezo aka na uwe ọhụrụ nke Africa a na-akpọ "danshiki". Akụkọ Faith Berry dere na The New York Times Magazine gụnyere ya na July 7, 1968. ''Dashiki'' pụtara na Webster's New World Dictionary, 1st College Edition nke 1970/72. Ọ na-ekwu na J. Benning bụ onye mbụ e dere okwu ahụ n'akwụkwọ n'afọ 1967. J. Benning, M. Clarke, H. Davis na W. Smith bụ ndị guzobere New Breed of Harlem na Manhattan, New York City, onye mbụ na-emepụta uwe ahụ na United States. E gosipụtara dashiki na ihe nkiri Uptight (1968), ''Putney Swope'' (1969), na usoro telivishọn kwa izu Soul Train (1971). Ihe omume Sanford na Son "Lamont Goes African" gosipụtara nwa Sanford bụ Lamont na-eyi dashiki dị ka akụkụ nke mgbalị ya ịlaghachi na mgbọrọgwụ Africa ya. Jim Brown, Wilt Chamberlain, Sammy Davis Jr., na Bill Russell so n'ime ndị ama ama na-eme egwuregwu na ndị na-eme ihe ntụrụndụ na-eyi dashiki na ihe ngosi okwu. Ndị na-agba ịnyịnya na-ejikwa dashikis n'ime uwe ha dị ka ụzọ isi gosipụta ụkpụrụ ọdịbendị.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-types-styles/dashiki|title=Dashiki|first=Norma H.|author=Wolff|publisher=LoveToKnow|accessdate=2025-03-06|archivedate=2022-06-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630171231/https://fashion-history.lovetoknow.com/clothing-types-styles/dashiki}}</ref> A maara onye bụbu onye isi obodo nke District of Columbia na onye otu kansụl Marion Barry maka iyi dashiki na-eduga na ntuli aka. A hụla Dashikis n'ọtụtụ ndị egwu, ndị na-eti egwu na ndị na-agụ egwu, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|Ndị Africa America]], gụnyere [[Beyoncé Knowles|Beyoncé]], [[Rihanna]], Chris Brown, Wiz Khalifa, ScHoolboy Q<nowiki><span typeof="mw:Entity" id="mwpQ">&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki>, Q-Tip, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Fred Hampton nke Black Panther Party dere banyere ndị nwe ụlọ ọrụ ojii na-eyi dashikis n'okwu ya nke afọ 1969 "Power Anywhere Where There's People": "[A]nybody nke na-abata n'ime obodo iji nweta uru site n'iji ha mee ihe nwere ike ịkọwa dị ka onye isi obodo. Anyị anaghị echegbu onwe anyị maka ọtụtụ mmemme ha nwere, ogologo oge a dashiki ha nwere. N'ihi na ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị anaghị esi n'aka dashiki; ike ndọrọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-esi na barrel nke égbè apụta. " N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2023, a tọhapụrụ onye omeiwu ọhụrụ bụ Justin J. Pearson n'ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya [[Tennessee]] mgbe ọ na-eyi dashiki, na-akpali mmeghachi omume ozugbo site n'aka ndị omeiwu na-agbaso omenala. GOP nke ụlọ Tennessee tweeted na Pearson "kwesịrị ịchọpụta ohere ọrụ dị iche" ma zoo aka na iwu ejiji a na-akọwaghị akọwa maka ụlọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wpln.org/post/a-new-tennessee-lawmaker-walks-into-the-capitol-wearing-a-dashiki-house-gop-suggests-he-explore-other-careers/|title=A new Tennessee lawmaker walks into the capitol wearing a dashiki. House GOP suggests he explore other careers|date=10 February 2023}}</ref> == Hụkwa == == Edemsibia == [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q0iexdd1jmtiev3kk9znvsn4x2dcblz 0 57421 656689 345901 2026-06-22T20:19:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:CarlClowes.jpg|thumb|Carl Clowes]] '''Carl Iwan Clowes''' [[Order of the British Empire|OBE]] <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wales.nhs.uk/newtownmedpractice/news/43009|title=Newtown Medical Practice - Non-Executive Director Dr Carl Clowes publishes autobiography|date=20 October 2016|work=Wales.nhs.uk|accessdate=13 March 2025|archivedate=16 December 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216013243/http://www.wales.nhs.uk/newtownmedpractice/news/43009}}</ref> (11 Disemba 1943 - 4 Disemba 2021) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Click here to view the tribute page for Dr Carl Iwan CLOWES|url=https://funeral-notices.co.uk/notice/clowes/4999841|accessdate=2021-12-18|work=Funeral-notices.co.uk|language=en}}</ref> bụ onye dọkịta Welsh. ''N'afọ 1978, o hiwere Nant Gwrtheyrn Trust iji zụta obodo Nant Gwrheyrn, iji weghachi na mweghachi ya na iji guzobe ebe asụsụ Welsh.'' A mụrụ Clowes ma zụlite na Manchester, nne ya bụ Welsh (ma na-asụ Welsh) na nna ya bụ Bekee. Mgbe nne na nna ya laghachiri n'ebe ugwu Wales, ọ malitere ịmụ Welsh. Mgbe ọ ruru eru dị ka dọkịta na 1967, ọ nọrọ afọ asatọ dị ka dọka na Llanaelhaearn na mpaghara Llŷn tupu ọ nweta nzere masta na ọgwụgwọ ọha na eze na London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Na 1974, ọ bụ onye isi oche mbụ nke Antur Aelhaearn; nke mbụ obodo na-arụkọ ọrụ na United Kingdom, nke hiwere iji chekwaa ụlọ akwụkwọ mpaghara ahụ. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche na onye isi oche nke Dolen Cymru, ọrụ ebere nke e guzobere na 1985 iji wulite mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Wales na mba [[Lesotho]] nke ndịda Afrịka.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://golwg.360.cymru/newyddion/2079850-carl-clowes-wedi-marw|title=Dr Carl Clowes wedi marw|date=5 December 2021|work=Golwg.360.cymru}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dolencymru.org/team-member/carl-clowes/|title=Carl Clowes|work=Dolencymru.org|accessdate=2025-03-13|archivedate=2021-12-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216014723/https://www.dolencymru.org/team-member/carl-clowes/}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ Plaid Cymru maka mpaghara Montgomeryshire na ntuli aka izugbe nke 1979, 1983 na 1987 UK.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Wilks|first=Rebecca|title=Tributes paid to former Montgomeryshire MP candidate Dr Carl Clowes|url=https://www.countytimes.co.uk/news/19764954.tributes-paid-death-nant-gwrtheyrn-founder/|work=Powys County Times|date=6 December 2021}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Ọ lụrụ di ma mụọ ụmụ anọ gụnyere Dafydd na Cian bụ ndị so na otu Super Furry Animals. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.lleol.cymru/blog/hanesion-dadlennol-hunangofiant-carl-clowes.html|title=Hanesion dadlennol hunangofiant Carl Clowes|work=Lleol.cymru|accessdate=15 February 2022}}</ref> Ọ nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 77 n'ụlọ ya na [[Pencaenewydd]], Llŷn, ma lie ya na ili ozu Llanaelhaearn. == Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara == * - Atụmatụ maka asụsụ Welsh{{Cite book|title=Strategaeth Iaith 1991–2001|date=1991|publisher=Fforwm Iaith Genedlaethol|isbn=9780000677105|language=cy}} * - akụkọ ihe mere eme na akụkọ ọdịnala banyere Nant Gwrtheyrn na ntụkwasị obi asụsụ ya <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gwales.com/goto/biblio/en/9780862437282|title=Nant Gwrtheyrn|work=Gwales.com}}</ref>{{Cite book|title=Nant Gwrtheyrn|date=2004|publisher=Y Lolfa|isbn=9780862437282|language=cy}} * - akụkọ ndụ onwe onye{{Cite book|title=Super Furries, Prins Seeiso, Miss Siberia - A Fi|date=2016|publisher=Y Lolfa|isbn=978-1784611576|language=cy}} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ == * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] "Akwụkwọ: Super Furries, Prins Seeiso, Miss Siberia - a Fi". British Journal of General Practice. 67 (656): 129.1–129. doi:10.3399/bjgp17X689749. PMC 5325646. <nowiki>PMID 28232354</nowiki>. - Nnyocha nke akụkọ ndụ Clowes na ihe ncheta banyere ya{{Cite journal|author=Parri|first=Ieuan|title=Books: Super Furries, Prins Seeiso, Miss Siberia — a Fi|journal=British Journal of General Practice|date=2017|volume=67|issue=656|pages=129.1–129|doi=10.3399/bjgp17X689749|pmid=28232354}} === Akụkọ ọnwụ === * {{Cite news|author=Mosalski|first=Ruth|title=Tributes paid to Carl Clowes, the founder of Nant Gwrtheyrn|url=https://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/tributes-paid-carl-clowes-founder-22371311|work=[[Wales Online]]|date=5 December 2021}} * {{Cite news|title=Dr. Carl Clowes, chairman and founder of Canolfan Nant Gwrtheyrn has died|url=https://nation.cymru/news/dr-carl-clowes-chairman-and-founder-of-canolfan-nant-gwrtheyrn-has-died/|work=[[Nation.Cymru]]|date=5 December 2021}} * {{Cite news|title=Dr Carl Clowes, a 'visionary' who revived Welsh language learning|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-59548952|work=BBC News|date=6 December 2021}} {{Authority control}} pb3quvtudbh72ihi2x5c9n6v1w1i4io 0 59164 656696 624375 2026-06-22T22:07:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656696 wikitext text/x-wiki   Chantal Radimilahy bụ ọkà mmụta ihe ochie na onye na-ahụ maka ihe ngosi nka si Madagascar. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ si obodo ahụ nwetara PhD na Archaeology na nwanyị mbụ na-eduzi Museum of Art and Archaeology na Mahadum Antananarivo. == Ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:Sloth_lemur_drawing.jpg|thumb|Sloth lemur si n'ọgba Andriamamelo (Melaky) ]] Radimilahy bụ onye nyocha doctoral na Mahadum Sorbonne dị na [[France]] n'etiti 1981 na 1985, ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na protohistoric ethnology. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nyochara ọrụ ígwè oge ochie na Madagascar.[1] Ọ kwagara na Mahadum Uppsala ebe ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ maka doctorate nke abụọ, bụ nke e nyere ya na 1998. Ọrụ nyocha nke abụọ a nyochara obodo Mahilaka, obodo ochie nke dị n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Madagascar.[2] Mgbe o mechara ọrụ nyocha ndị a, Radimilahy gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ ubi n'ọtụtụ saịtị na Madagascar ma na-eji nkà mmụta ihe ochie na-egbochi nchebe iji chebe saịtị ndị dị ize ndụ..<ref name=":02" /> Na mgbakwunye na nyocha, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na nchịkọta nke Arịa ndị China nke e mere na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie nke mahadum, ihe ngosi dị mkpa nke Azụmaahịa gafee Oké Osimiri [[Ndia|India]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nivard|first=Jacqueline|title=Chantal Radimilahy – ChinElectrodoc|url=https://chinelectrodoc.hypotheses.org/tag/chantal-radimilahy?lang=en_GB|accessdate=2021-03-12|language=fr-FR}}</ref> O kwukwara banyere mkpa ọ dị ichekwa nchedo na saịtị ndị dị na Madagascar na mkpa obodo dị iche iche na-etinye aka na usoro ahụ. O nweela ndị otu a ma ama na ọkwa dị iche iche na sayensị na ndị na-amụ banyere ihe mgbe ochie, gụnyere ịbụ onyeisi oche ruo afọ isii na International Council of Museums (ICOM). <ref name=":02"/> Prọfesọ Radimilahy na-arụ ọrụ dị ukwuu na nkuzi na ntụziaka, ma na-enye ntụziaka na mkpali nye ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, na ọgbọ na-eto eto na Madagascar. Dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke People, Contacts, and the Environment in the African Past, o mere ka "ọgbọ ọhụrụ nke ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Africa" gosipụta nyocha ha nye ndị na-ege ntị.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Schoenbrun|first=David|date=2002|title=Review of People, Contacts, and the Environment in the African Past|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097665|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|volume=35|issue=2/3|pages=548–550|doi=10.2307/3097665|issn=0361-7882}}</ref> A kọwara akwụkwọ Radimilahy bụ ''Mahilaka'' dị ka "onyinye dị mkpa na nkà mmụta ihe ochie nke Africa na Indian Ocean" site n'aka Mike Parker Pearson.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|author=Pearson|first=Mike Parker|date=2001|title=Mahilaka: An Archaeological Investigation of an Early Town in North-Western Madagascar. By Chantal Radimilahy. 294mm. Pp 293, 86 figs, 18 pls, 4col pls, 104 tables. Uppsala: Studies in African Archaeology, 15. Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Uppsala, 1998. ISBN 91–506–1313–8. Price not given.|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquaries-journal/article/abs/mahilaka-an-archaeological-investigation-of-an-early-town-in-northwestern-madagascar-by-chantal-radimilahy-294mm-pp-293-86-figs-18-pls-4col-pls-104-tables-uppsala-studies-in-african-archaeology-15-department-of-archaeology-and-ancient-history-university-of-uppsala-1998-isbn-9150613138-price-not-given/5DC02EFFF4573E1DB80195A63ED2F663|journal=The Antiquaries Journal|language=en|volume=81|pages=440|doi=10.1017/S0003581500072735|issn=1758-5309}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka ụkpụrụ ma ọ bụ onye nchọpụta na ọtụtụ ọrụ, gụnyere 'Sealinks' mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị ọkà mmụta si na Mahadum Oxford, Bristol, [[Michigan]], na Sydney na Museum of Art and Archaeology na Mahadim Antananarivo, nke e mere iji nyochaa njikọ mbụ dị n'agbata Madagascar na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ Eshia. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sealinks Project » Joint Sealinks-Madagascar project kicks off|url=https://sealinksproject.com/?projects=joint-sealinks-madagascar-project-kicks-off-2|accessdate=2021-03-12|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420204936/https://sealinksproject.com/?projects=joint-sealinks-madagascar-project-kicks-off-2}}</ref> Ọ hazikwara mmemme MAGE nke nyocha mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na asụsụ nke Mahadum Bordeaux na Mahadum Toulouse mepụtara.<ref name=":02">{{Cite web|title=Chantal Radimilahy {{!}} TrowelBlazers|url=https://trowelblazers.com/chantal-radimilahy/|accessdate=2021-03-12}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://trowelblazers.com/chantal-radimilahy/ "Chantal Radimilahy | TrowelBlazers"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-03-12</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == * Chantal M. Radimilahy & Zoë Crossland (2015) Na-etinye Madagascar: Indian Ocean dynamics na akụkọ ihe mere eme, Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa, 50:4, 495-518.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Radimilahy|first=Chantal M.|date=2015-10-02|title=Situating Madagascar: Indian Ocean dynamics and archaeological histories|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/0067270X.2015.1102942|journal=Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa|volume=50|issue=4|pages=495–518|doi=10.1080/0067270X.2015.1102942|issn=0067-270X}}</ref> * Ancien Métallurgie du Fer à Madagascar (Oxford, 1988).<ref>{{Cite book|author=Radimilahy|first=Marie de Chantal|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/18516554|title=L'ancienne métallurgie du fer à Madagascar|date=1988|publisher=B.A.R|isbn=0-86054-544-X|location=Oxford, England|oclc=18516554}}</ref> * Mahilaka: Ihe ndị e gwupụtara n'obodo mbụ dị na North Western Madagascar (1998). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Radimilahy|first=Marie de Chantal|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/41275832|title=Mahilaka : an archaeological investigation of an early town in northwestern Madagascar|date=1998|publisher=Dept. of Archaeology and Ancient History|isbn=91-506-1313-8|location=Uppsala|oclc=41275832}}</ref> * David A. Burney, Julian P. Hume, Roger Randalana, Radosoa A. Andrianaivoarivelo, Owen Griffiths, Gregory J. Middleton, Tanambelo Rasolondrainy, Ramilisonina & Chantal Radimilahy (2020) Ihe osise nkume sitere na Andriamamelo Cave na Beanka Protected Area nke ọdịda anyanwụ Madagascar, ''The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology.'' . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Burney|first=David A.|date=2020-05-26|title=Rock art from Andriamamelo Cave in the Beanka Protected Area of western Madagascar|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/15564894.2020.1749735|journal=The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology|volume=17|issue=2|pages=171–194|doi=10.1080/15564894.2020.1749735|issn=1556-4894}}</ref> * Elmqvist T, Pyykönen M, Tengö M, Rakotondrasoa F, Rabakonandrianina E, Radimilahy C (2007) Ụkpụrụ nke Mfu na Mweghachi nke Oké Ọhịa kpọrọ nkụ na Madagascar: Ọnọdụ Ụlọ Ọrụ. PLoS ONE 2 (5): e402.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Elmqvist|first=Thomas|date=2007-05-02|title=Patterns of Loss and Regeneration of Tropical Dry Forest in Madagascar: The Social Institutional Context|journal=PLOS ONE|language=en|volume=2|issue=5|pages=e402|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0000402|issn=1932-6203|pmid=17476324}}</ref> == Edemsibia == {{DEFAULTSORT: Radimilahy, Chantal}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 62mxmj9zs5aokjeb722wlodywaqbzra 0 71725 656668 577881 2026-06-22T13:12:34Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Beatriz da Consolação Mateus Buchili''' bụ onye ọka iwu sitere na '''Mozambique'''. Ọ bụ '''nwanyị mbụ''' ghọtarala '''Onye Ọka Iwu Ukwu (Attorney General) nke''' Mozambique.<ref name="House2015">{{Cite book|author=Freedom House|title=Freedom in the World 2015: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5WEDCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA470|year=2015|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers|isbn=978-1-4422-5408-4}}</ref> == Ndụ == Beatriz Buchili nwere nzere masta na iwu na Mahadum Federal nke Rio Grande do Sul na [[Brazil]]. Ọ sonyeere Ọfịs Ọkaiwu na 1994 dị ka onye ọka iwu ma too ruo ghọọ **osote Attorney General** n’aka , <ref name="Commonwealth">{{Cite web|title=Attorney General’s Office, Republic of Mozambique|work=Commonwealth of Nations|url=https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/partner/attorney_general_mozambique/|accessdate=28 February 2021|archivedate=5 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305201452/https://www.commonwealthofnations.org/partner/attorney_general_mozambique/}}</ref>, [[Augusto Paulino]]. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Paulino replaced as Attorney-General|work=Mozambique News Reports & Clippings|date=13 July 2014|url=https://www.open.ac.uk/technology/mozambique/sites/www.open.ac.uk.technology.mozambique/files/files/Mozambique_265_Renamo_arrest.pdf|accessdate=28 February 2021}}</ref> Onye isi ala Armando Guebuza họpụtara Buchili ka ọ nọchie Paulino dị ka Attorney General na 21 Julaị 2014. Ọ bụ onye isi oche nke ọtụtụ ikpe nrụrụ aka a ma ama. Otu ikpe metụtara mmadụ iri abụọ a na-ebo ebubo, gụnyere Greg ftorio Leão, onye bụbu onye isi nchịkwa nke ọrụ nzuzo ([[State Security and Intelligence Service|SISE]]); onye isi nchịk nke nzuzo akụ na ụba António do Rosário; Inês Moiane, odeakwụkwọ onwe onye nke onye bụbu onyeisi ala Armando Guebuza; na nwa onye bụbu isi ala Armando Ndambi Guebuza. Ikpe nrụrụ aka abụọ ọzọ bụ ikpe Embraer, metụtara ịzụta ụgbọ elu maka LAM Mozambique Airlines, na ikpe Odebrecht, metụtara iwu ọdụ ụgbọ elu Nacala International na ọdụ coal na Ọdụ Ụgbọ Mmiri Beira.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Buchili and Munguambe terms of office end – Mozambique|work=Club of Mozambique|date=22 July 2019|url=https://clubofmozambique.com/news/buchili-and-munguambe-terms-of-office-end-mozambique-137448/|accessdate=28 February 2021|archivedate=7 October 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191007201718/https://clubofmozambique.com/news/buchili-and-munguambe-terms-of-office-end-mozambique-137448/}}</ref> N’ọnwa '''Ọgọst 2019''', Onye isi ala '''Filipe Nyusi''' were '''Buchili''' iyi maka '''oge afọ ise nke abụọ''' ya dịka '''Attorney General'''.[1]<ref>{{Cite news|title=Mozambique: Nyusi Swears Buchili in for Second Term|work=Agencia de Informacao de Mocambique|date=19 August 2019|url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201908190654.html|accessdate=28 February 2021}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Buchili, Beatriz}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 35c2w2z2zna1122sr5e50abcn2bz83e 828 72449 656744 654504 2026-06-23T10:42:14Z CommonsDelinker 87 Replacing Flag_of_Peru_(state).svg with [[File:War_flag_of_Peru.svg]] (by [[:c:User:CommonsDelinker|CommonsDelinker]] because: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: [[:c:COM:FR#FR3|Criterion 3]] (obvious error) · This is not the State flag, this is the war flag [ht 656744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{ {{{1<noinclude>|country showdata</noinclude>}}} | alias = Peru | flag alias = Flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-spain = Flag of Cross of Burgundy.svg | flag alias-1820 = Flag of Tacna Regiment (1820 proposal).svg | flag alias-1821 = Flag of Peru (1821-1822).svg | flag alias-1822 = Flag of Peru (1822).svg | flag alias-1822a = Flag of Peru (1822–1825).svg | flag alias-1825 = Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg | flag alias-confederation = Flag of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation.svg | flag alias-north = Flag of Peru (1825–1884).svg | link alias-north = North Peru | flag alias-south = Flag of South Peru.svg | link alias-south = South Peru | flag alias-1884 = Flag of Peru (1884–1950).svg | flag alias-state = War flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-football = War flag of Peru.svg | flag alias-army = Flag of the Peruvian Army.svg | link alias-army = Peruvian Army | flag alias-naval= Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-naval = Peruvian Navy | flag alias-air force= Flag of the Peruvian Air Force.svg | link alias-air force = Peruvian Air Force | flag alias-military=State flag of Peru.svg | link alias-military=Peruvian Armed Forces | flag alias-marines = Flag of the Peruvian Navy.svg | link alias-marines = Peruvian Naval Infantry | flag alias-navy = War flag of Peru.svg | link alias-navy = Peruvian Navy | size = {{{size|}}} | name = {{{name|}}} | altvar = {{{altvar|}}} | altlink = {{{altlink|}}} | variant = {{{variant|}}} <noinclude> | var1 = spain | var2 = 1820 | var3 = 1821 | var4 = 1822 | var5 = 1822a | var6 = 1825 | var7 = confederation | var8 = north | var9 = south | var10 = 1884 | var11 = state | var12 = football | redir1 = PER </noinclude> }} 4c582h5on7wgitjpbxuaqzbk3zogqq3 0 73392 656720 621044 2026-06-23T04:31:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656720 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Cynthia Chisom Umezulike''' bụ onye ọka iwu na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na Naijiria, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2023-01-21|title='Masculine dominance has been engraved in mindset of African women'|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/masculine-dominance-has-been-engraved-in-mindset-of-african-women/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> ọkà mmụta iwu, onye na-ahụ Maka iwu, onye edemede <ref>{{Cite book|author=Umezulike|first=Cynthia C.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gAISEQAAQBAJ|title=The Death of Mother: An Ogbanje Story|date=2024-07-05|publisher=Troubador Publishing Ltd|isbn=978-1-80514-925-5|language=ar}}</ref> na onye na-akwado ihu igwe. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-12-26|title=Prioritise Human Rights, Citizens' Welfare, UK-based Lawyer tells Nigeria's Next President - Daily Trust|url=https://dailytrust.com/prioritise-human-rights-citizens-welfare-uk-based-lawyer-tells-nigerias-next-president/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=[[Daily Trust]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2020-08-16|title=Outrage, condemnation trail rise in rape cases|url=https://thesun.ng/outrage-condemnation-trail-rise-in-rape-cases/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> A maara ya maka ọrụ ya gbasara mmepe nke ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ, ikpe ziri ezi gbasara nwoke na nwanyị, iguzogide ihu igwe, na usoro akụ na ụba gụnyere mmadụ niile, na-elekwasị anya karịsịa n'ụmụ nwanyị ime obodo, akụnụba na-abụghị nke ọha, na obodo ndị metụtara ihu igwe na Afrịka na Global South. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Cynthia Umezulike {{!}} University of Bedfordshire|url=https://www.beds.ac.uk/howtoapply/departments/school-of-accounting-law-and-sustainable-tourism/staff/cynthia-umezulike/|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=www.beds.ac.uk}}</ref> Umezulike bụ onye isi oche na Global Human Rights Centre (GHRC) London, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Okeke-Korieocha|first=Ifeoma|date=2023-08-12|title=Victimhood shaped my activism against gender-based violence - Umezulike|url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/victimhood-shaped-my-activism-against-gender-based-violence-umezulike/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> na onye guzobere Centre for Sustainable Development, Energy Transitions and Climate Change na Mahadum Bedfordshire, United Kingdom. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa|first=New|date=2024-05-27|title=Nigerian Model and Human Rights Lawyer bags 2 Master's Degrees and a PhD in Law from the UK|url=https://risingafrica.org/nigerian-model-and-human-rights-lawyer-bags-2-masters-degrees-and-a-phd-in-law-from-the-uk/|accessdate=2024-11-20|work=Rising Africa|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa Onyeisi oche na onye nduzi nke International Conference on Human Rights, Sustainability and Climate Change, ogbako mba ụwa dị iche iche na-akwalite ụzọ ikike si ele ihe ịma aka ihu igwe na mmepe anya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|first=Urowayino|date=2024-11-21|title=COP29: Umezuulike urges human rights framework for climate action|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/cop29-umezuulike-urges-human-rights-framework-for-climate-action/|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> O meela onyinye ederede na nke ọnụ na usoro na nzukọ ndị ruuru mmadụ nke United Nations, gụnyere ntinye aka na Kansụl Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ, ndị Rapporteurs pụrụ iche, na ndị ọkachamara na-arụ ọrụ na ikpe ziri ezi ihu igwe, azụmaahịa na ikike mmadụ, ịha nhata agbụrụ, ahụike uche, na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. na onye isi oche nke Hon. Justice Innocent Umezulike Foundation . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Justice Innocent Foundation|url=https://umezulikefoundation.org/team/|accessdate=2024-11-19}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Umezulike n'aka nna ya bụ onye ọka iwu nke jere ozi dị ka onye isi ikpe nke [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]] State Innocent Umezulike <ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|date=July 2020|title=Hon. Justice Innocent Umezulike: The Irony of the Wheels Of Justice|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/07/hon-justice-innocent-umezulike-the-irony-of-the-wheels-of-justice/|accessdate=19 November 2024|work=Vanguard}}</ref> si Mgbidi na Enugu State.<ref name="auto2" /> Ọ gara Our Lord's Shepherd International School (OLSIS) na Enugu ma mesịa sonye na Mahadum Igbinedion na Edo State, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.).<ref>{{Cite web|title=I want to give hope to the African Child - Cynthia, beauty queen|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/37340/i-want-to-give-hope-to-the-african-child-cynthia-beauty-q.html|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=Nigerian Voice}}</ref> Ọ gara [[Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Nigeria|Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Naijiria]] wee bụrụ onye ọka iwu na onye ọka iwu n'iwu (BL) Federal Republic of Nigeria Law (BL). <ref name="auto12" /> Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ nwetara nzere Master of Laws (LL.M.) na [[International human rights law|Iwu ikike mmadụ nke mba ụwa]] site na Mahadum Queen Mary nke London ma mesịa nweta nzere masta nke abụọ LL. M. nzere na iwu mba ụwa na ikpe ikpe mpụ site na Mahadum nke East London . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2020-02-02|title=I love the mesmerising pillow talk collection –Dr. Cynthia Umezulike|url=https://thesun.ng/i-love-the-mesmerising-pillow-talk-collection-dr-cynthia-umezulike/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}</ref> Ọ gara Birkbeck, Mahadum nke London, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) na iwu. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-07-06|title=Doctoral students compete in Birkbeck's first Three Minute Thesis competition|url=https://www.bbk.ac.uk/news/doctoral-students-compete-in-birkbeck2019s-first-three-minute-thesis-competition|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=Birkbeck, University of London|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ ya, ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ dịka onyeisi iwu na nchịkwa azụmaahịa na Diamond Hanger Aviation London na onye nkuzi na iwu iwu na nchịkwa na Birkbeck, Mahadum nke London, na onye nkuzi ikike mmadụ mba ụwa na Mahadum Buckingham, onyeisi oche nke International Conference on Human Rights, Sustainability and Climate Change na Mahadum nke Buckingham. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Lowson|first=James|title=University of Buckingham to host international human rights conference|url=https://www.bucksherald.co.uk/news/people/university-of-buckingham-to-host-international-human-rights-conference-4281768|accessdate=19 November 2024|work=The Bucks Herald}}</ref> Ọ ghọkwara onye nduzi nke ikike mmadụ na nkwado ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nke atọ nke Ịha nhata agbụrụ, Ịdị iche iche, na Ntinye aka, na-enyere òtù aka n'ịmepụta na itinye aka ọdịbendị iji mee ka mgbanwe usoro na ọdịbendị.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|author=Rapheal|date=2019-09-15|title=Nigeria has lost the generation of seasoned, intellectual jurists –Cynthia Umezulike, lawyer/daughter of late Justice Umezulike|url=https://thesun.ng/nigeria-has-lost-the-generation-of-seasoned-intellectual-jurists-cynthia-umezulike-lawyer-daughter-of-late-justice-umezulike/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=The Sun Nigeria|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRapheal2019">Rapheal (2019-09-15). [https://thesun.ng/nigeria-has-lost-the-generation-of-seasoned-intellectual-jurists-cynthia-umezulike-lawyer-daughter-of-late-justice-umezulike/ "Nigeria has lost the generation of seasoned, intellectual jurists –Cynthia Umezulike, lawyer/daughter of late Justice Umezulike"]. ''The Sun Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-19</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Activist Cynthia Umezulike (Ph.D.) Pioneers the World's First Human Rights in Fashion Centre to Solve Environmental and Human Rights Issues in the Fashion Industry – Concord News Now|url=https://news.concordnewsnow.com/story/333708/activist-cynthia-umezulike-phd-pioneers-the-worlds-first-human-rights-in-fashion-centre-to-solve-environmental-and-human-rights-issues-in-the-fashion-industry.html|accessdate=2024-11-19|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Umezulike guzobere The Hon. Justice Innocent Umezulike Foundation, n'oge okwu ncheta nke na-eme emume ncheta ọnwụ nna ya site na ngosi nke akwụkwọ Hon. Justice Inocent Umezu Like: A Chronicle of Leading Judgements Mpịakọta 1 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=Remembering Justice Umezulike|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/remembering-justice-umezulike/|accessdate=19 November 2024|work=The Nation}}</ref> ma mesịa ghọọ onye isi oche na onye nlekọta nke ntọala ahụ, nke a na-akpọ aha nna ya. <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://pure.hud.ac.uk/en/publications/hon-justice-innocent-umezulike-a-chronicle-of-leading-judgements-|title=Hon. Justice Innocent Umezulike: A Chronicle of Leading Judgements (Volume 1)|date=2019-09-27|publisher=Chenglo LImited|isbn=978-978-56313-5-7}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2024-09-14|title=Umezulike Foundation awards scholarship to UNILAG student|url=https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria/metro/umezulike-foundation-awards-scholarship-to-unilag-student/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Edema|first=Grace|date=2024-03-12|title=Unilorin student wins N100,000 essay prize|url=https://punchng.com/unilorin-student-wins-n100000-essay-prize/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}</ref> Òtù Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (United Nations Consultative Group) kwadoro ya n'aka onyeisi oche nke Kansụl Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ na 2024 dịka onye a họpụtara n'ọkwa abụọ ikpeazụ maka ọrụ ọkachamara n'onwe ya nke ikike mmadụ bụ Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Report of the Consultative Group to the President of the Human Rights Council relating to the vacancies of mandate holders to be appointed at the fifty-fifth session of the Human Rights Council|url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/appointments/hrc55/CG-REPORT-HRC55_final.docx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121081123/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/appointments/hrc55/CG-REPORT-HRC55_final.docx|archivedate=2025-01-21}}</ref> na dịka onye otu Working Group of Expert on the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Report of the Consultative Group to the President of the Human Rights Council relating to the vacancies of mandate holders to be appointed at the fifty-seventh session of the Human Rights Council|url=https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/appointments/hrc57/CG-REPORT-HRC57_to_HRC-President.docx|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121082305/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/appointments/hrc57/CG-REPORT-HRC57_to_HRC-President.docx|archivedate=2025-01-21}}</ref> Ọ bụ osote prọfesọ na onye nduzi maka The Centre for Sustainable Development, Energy transition and Climate change.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|first=Urowayino|date=2024-11-21|title=COP29: Umezuulike urges human rights framework for climate action|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/cop29-umezuulike-urges-human-rights-framework-for-climate-action/|accessdate=2025-07-24|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref>''' ''' == Mgbalị maka ikike mmadụ na nkwado ihu igwe == A maara Umezulike maka ọrụ ya na ikike mmadụ, nkwado ihu igwe, ikpe ziri ezi nwoke na nwanyị, na itinye aka na nzukọ ọha na eze na-ekwu maka ịkpa ókè agbụrụ nke gụnyere Black Lives Matter.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Black Lives Matter: Breaking the Cycle of Silence on Social Media and Beyond – THISDAYLIVE|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2020/08/21/black-lives-matter-breaking-the-cycle-of-silence-on-social-media-and-beyond/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Enyemaka iwu na agụmakwụkwọ ya na-elekwasị anya na ikike mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ike ụmụ nwanyị, na Ikpe ziri ezi nke ihu igwe, ọkachasị na obodo ndị na-adịghị ike. N'otu echiche nke 2024 bipụtara na [[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]], ọ kwadoro mgbanwe ọgbọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, na-akpọ maka itinye ndị ntorobịa na ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Anthony|date=2025-07-10|title=Why Nigeria must retire its political geriarchy|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/why-nigeria-must-retire-its-political-geriarchy/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> O sonyekwara na mkparịta ụka mba ụwa gbasara ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ebe o gosipụtara mkpa nkwurịta okwu dabere na ụkpụrụ iji kwalite ntụkwasị obi ọha na eze na atụmatụ metụtara ihu igwe na COP29, ebe ọ kpọrọ oku maka njikọta nke ụkpụrụ ikike mmadụ n'ime iwu ihu igwe, na-ekwusi ike na usoro mmeghachi omume nwoke na nwanyị maka obodo ime obodo ndị mgbanwe ihu igwe metụtara. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Ling|first=Jacqueline|date=2023-07-03|title=How to cut through mistrust of ESG communications|url=https://pa.media/blogs/pr-services/how-to-cut-through-mistrust-of-esg-communications/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=How to cut through mistrust of ESG communications - PA Media : PA Media|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|first=Urowayino|date=2024-11-21|title=COP29: Umezuulike urges human rights framework for climate action|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/11/cop29-umezuulike-urges-human-rights-framework-for-climate-action/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref> Kemgbe 2024, Umezulike na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche nke UK Human Rights Lawyers Association, <ref>{{Cite web|author=Chioma|first=Unini|date=2025-02-27|title=Dr. Cynthia C. Umezulike Elected Vice Chair Of UK Human Rights Lawyers Association|url=https://thenigerialawyer.com/dr-cynthia-c-umezulike-elected-vice-chair-of-uk-human-rights-lawyers-association/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=TheNigeriaLawyer|language=en}}</ref> na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị ojii kachasị nta iji nwee ọkwa dị elu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke nzukọ ahụ <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-07-22|title=Patrons & Executive Committee|url=https://hrla.org.uk/executive-committee/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=Human Rights Lawyers Association|language=en-GB}}</ref> ma kpọọ ya aha n'etiti ndị kacha nwee mmetụta nke ndị Afrịka (MIPAD) n'okpuru 40 maka onyinye ya na iwu, iwu, na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Dr. Cynthia C. Umezulike|url=https://blog.mipad.org/dr-cynthia-c-umezulike/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=blog.mipad.org}}</ref> N'afọ 2025, ọ haziri mkpọsa mmata banyere ọnọdụ ihu igwe na ọtụtụ mahadum UK, <ref>{{Cite web|title=University hosts sustainability talk, tree planting & Green Lunch event {{!}} University of Bedfordshire|url=https://www.beds.ac.uk/news/2025/june/university-hosts-sustainability-talk-tree-planting-green-lunch-event/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=www.beds.ac.uk}}</ref> gụnyere Mahadum Bedfordshire, na-ejikọta agụmakwụkwọ iwu na mgbasa ozi gburugburu ebe obibi <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=University hosts sustainability talk, tree planting & Green Lunch event|url=https://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/education/university-hosts-sustainability-talk-tree-planting-green-lunch-event-5191269|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=Bedford Today|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2025-06-24|title=University hosts sustainability talk, tree planting & Green Lunch event|url=https://www.miltonkeynes.co.uk/education/university-hosts-sustainability-talk-tree-planting-green-lunch-event-5191905|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=Milton Keynes Citizen|language=en}}</ref> na ọrụ ya maka ikike nwoke na nwanyị sitere na ahụmịhe onwe onye, gụnyere ịlanarị ime ihe ike ụmụaka na mmetọ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Okeke-Korieocha|first=Ifeoma|date=2023-08-12|title=Victimhood shaped my activism against gender-based violence - Umezulike|url=https://businessday.ng/bd-weekender/article/victimhood-shaped-my-activism-against-gender-based-violence-umezulike/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=Businessday NG|language=en-US}}</ref> Ọ kwalitela mgbanwe iwu na nke ụlọ ọrụ iji kwado ikike akụ na ụba ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'ime ime obodo na Naịjirịa ma dee banyere usoro nna ochie na omenala ọdịbendị, na-agba ume ikwu okwu banyere njikọta nke enweghị nhata nwoke na nwanyị n'etiti ndị Afrịka. <ref>{{Cite web|author=olufemiajasa|date=2025-02-21|title=Human rights lawyer advocates economic justice for rural market women|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/02/human-rights-lawyer-advocates-economic-justice-for-rural-market-women/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Anthony|date=2023-01-21|title='Masculine dominance has been engraved in mindset of African women'|url=https://guardian.ng/guardian-woman/masculine-dominance-has-been-engraved-in-mindset-of-african-women/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ide ihe == === Ntinye aka nke United Nations na onyinye isiokwu === Umezulike emeela ọtụtụ onyinye ederede na nke ọnụ na usoro United Nations, na-emetụta okwu ụwa niile gbasara ikike mmadụ na ọchịchị na-adịgide adịgide. O nyere nkọwa edere na United Nations Human Rights Council maka akụkọ isiokwu The Ocean and Human Rights, nke Special Rapporteur kwadebere maka ikike mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi dị ọcha, dị mma ma na-adịgide adịgide, Astrid Puentes Riaño (A / HRC/58/59) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Document Viewer|url=https://docs.un.org/en/A/HRC/58/59|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=docs.un.org}}</ref> O nyekwara aka na oku nke United Nations maka ntinye aka na Human Rights in the Life Cycle of Renewable Energy and Critical Minerals, nke Special Rapporteur on Climate Change wepụtara, na-ekwu maka ihe ize ndụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara nchọpụta mineral, usoro nnyefe akwụkwọ ndụ, na mmebi ọrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=OHCHR {{!}} Call for inputs - Human Rights in the life cycle of Renewable Energy and Critical Minerals|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/calls-for-input/2025/call-inputs-human-rights-life-cycle-renewable-energy-and-critical-minerals|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=OHCHR|language=en}}</ref> Umezulike nyere ndị ọkachamara na United Nations Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent (WGEPAD) maka akụkọ isiokwu Fulfilling the Economic, Social and Cultural Rights of People of African Disent in the Age of Digitalisation, Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies (A/HRC/57/70) N'ihe gbasara ahụike uche na nnwere onwe, Umezulike nyere nkwupụta ederede nke akpọrọ "Nnwere onwe, Ịkwanyere ùgwù, na Ahụike Uche: Ịma Aka Ọgwụgwọ Enweghị Mmasị site na Lens Human Rights" na Nzukọ Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu gbasara Ahụike Uche na Ikike Mmadụ nke Ụlọ Ọrụ nke Kọmishọna Ukwu maka Ihe Ndị Ruuru Mmadụ (OHCHR) haziri na Palais des Nations, Geneva. Ntinye aka a katọrọ omume mmanye nke uche ma kwado maka ụdị nlekọta ahụike uche nke dabere na ikike, nke nkwenye na-akwalite.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Mental health and human rights|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/health/mental-health-and-human-rights|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=OHCHR|language=en}}</ref> === Echiche Akụkọ na Nkwupụta Ọha === A makwaara Umezulike maka nkọwa ya siri ike gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọkachasị gbasara ọchịchị Naijiria, ịma mma obodo, na ịza ajụjụ gbasara ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. E bipụtara echiche ya na usoro mgbasa ozi ndị isi gụnyere The Guardian, Vanguard, na Premium Times. Akwụkwọ ndị a ma ama gụnyere: * Invading Nigeria Is Not a Punchline and History Shows Guns A-Blazing Fixes Nothing - nzaghachi dị oke egwu maka okwu agha na okwu ntinye aka mpụga na nkọwa ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Times|first=Premium|date=2025-11-14|title=Invading Nigeria is not a punchline and history shows “guns a-blazing” fixes nothing, By Cynthia C. Umezulike|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/835295-invading-nigeria-is-not-a-punchline-and-history-shows-guns-a-blazing-fixes-nothing-by-cynthia-c-umezulike.html|accessdate=2026-01-20|language=en-GB|work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2025-11-19|title=Invading Nigeria is not a punchline and fixes nothing|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/columnists/invading-nigeria-is-not-a-punchline-and-fixes-nothing/|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ezigbo Nsogbu Naịjirịa abụghị idu ndú kama ọ bụ akparamagwa nke Led - nyocha nke ịza ajụjụ obodo, omenala ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, na nkwụsị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Amos|date=2025-10-24|title=Nigeria’s real crisis not leadership but psychology of the led|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/columnists/nigerias-real-crisis-not-leadership-but-psychology-of-the-led/|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> * Ihe mere Naịjirịa ga-eji laa ezumike nká n'ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya - na-akwado mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na imezigharị ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Anthony|date=2025-07-10|title=Why Nigeria must retire its political geriarchy|url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/why-nigeria-must-retire-its-political-geriarchy/|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US}}</ref> === Ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ agụmakwụkwọ === Umezulike bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke Lord Denning Law Journal ma na-eje ozi dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka Journal of Sustainability and Clean Energy, na-enye aka na ntụziaka na nyocha nke okwu pụrụ iche lekwasịrị anya na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide, mgbanwe ike, na ọchịchị ihu igwe. Ọrụ nchịkọta akụkọ ya na-akwado agụmakwụkwọ interdisciplinary na-ejikọta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi, iwu, na mmepe nke ikike mmadụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Denning Law Journal|url=https://www.scienceopen.com/collection/7b872c0b-239a-4ce0-b761-edfaaa0d6cb5|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=ScienceOpen|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Special Issues Details - Clean Energy and Sustainability - SCIEPublish|url=https://www.sciepublish.com/journals/ces/special_issues/SDETCJ|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=www.sciepublish.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Home Review Book - Cambridge Scholars Publishing|url=https://cambridgescholars.com/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260101154242/https://cambridgescholars.com/|archivedate=2026-01-01|accessdate=2026-01-20|work=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2024, o dere akụkọ dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ, The Death of Mother: An Ogbanje Story . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Death of Mother|url=https://troubador.co.uk/bookshop/contemporary/the-death-of-mother-VdHi|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=troubador.co.uk|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Death of Mother by Dr Cynthia C. Umezulike &#124; Waterstones|url=https://www.waterstones.com/book/the-death-of-mother/dr-cynthia-c-umezulike//9781836281641|work=www.waterstones.com}}</ref> == Nkwado na onyinye == N'afọ 2022, ọ natara Distinguished Emerging Scholar Award site na Marymount Manhattan College, New York <ref>{{Cite web|title=Imagining the Edible: Food, Creativity, and the Arts|url=https://estudiosnutricionales.com/assets/downloads/O22-Conference-Proceedings-PDF.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080514/https://estudiosnutricionales.com/assets/downloads/O22-Conference-Proceedings-PDF.pdf|archivedate=2025-01-21}}</ref> na onyinye Global Engagement site na Mahadum nke East London na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Alumni achievement awards|url=https://www.uel.ac.uk/about/alumni/alumni-achievement-awards|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=University of East London|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2010, ọ meriri Miss Commonwealth International Nigeria ma nọchite anya Nigeria na Miss Commonwealth International <ref name="auto12">{{Cite web|date=2012-10-24|title=Cynthia Chisom Umezulike: set for higher heights|url=https://trumpetmediagroup.com/the-trumpet/fashion/cynthia-chisom-umezulike:-set-for-higher-heights/|accessdate=2024-11-19|work=Trumpet Media Group|language=en-gb|archivedate=2025-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121080827/https://trumpetmediagroup.com/the-trumpet/fashion/cynthia-chisom-umezulike:-set-for-higher-heights/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20250712063838/https://trumpetmediagroup.com/the-trumpet/fashion/cynthia-chisom-umezulike%3A-set-for-higher-heights/ "Cynthia Chisom Umezulike: set for higher heights"]. ''Trumpet Media Group''. 2012-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-19</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Edemsibia == <references responsive="1"></references> [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ahuam62k610r6dtgvnlndnnpah7dpbk 0 75721 656707 637647 2026-06-23T02:23:30Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656707 wikitext text/x-wiki Clardeluna (   ) bụ aha mkpịsị odee Occitan, onye ode akwụkwọ na onye odeakụkọ Joana Barthes. A mụrụ ya na 1898 na Cazedarnes na Hérault, France wee nwụọ na 1972..<ref>{{Cite web|title=Clardeluna Joana Barthès {{!}} E... rau !|url=https://ieo-erau.com/24/03/2024/clardeluna-joana-barthes/|accessdate=2025-03-07|work=ieo-erau.com|language=oc|archivedate=2024-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202084114/https://ieo-erau.com/24/03/2024/clardeluna-joana-barthes/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Nicolas|first=Bernard|date=2017-11-13|title=Collège Calandreta Clardeluna - Hérault - Maraussan|url=https://www.lepetitjournal.net/34-herault/2017/11/13/college-calandreta-clardeluna/|accessdate=2025-03-07|work=Le Petit Journal|language=fr-FR}}</ref> [[Asụsụ Bekee|Ọ gbara akwụkwọ akụkọ Trencavel. "Clar de luna" sụgharịrị dị ka "ìhè ọnwa" na bekee.]].{{IPA|oc|ˌklaɾðeˈlyno̞}}{{IPA|oc|ˌklaɾðeˈlyno̞}}{{IPA|oc|ˌklaɾðeˈlyno̞}} == Na-arụ ọrụ == === Abụ === <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" />  === Ihe nkiri === <templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css" /> == Edemsibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clardeluna}} ctycm8avint4hcrh03u3deczdcu1ujx 0 75814 656724 637931 2026-06-23T05:14:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656724 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vcard" |+ class="infobox-title fn org" id="6" |Dalhatu United ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ala | class="infobox-data label" |Sardauna Memorial Stadium[[Gusau]], Nigeria<br />[[Nigeria|Naịjirịa]] |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Ikike | class="infobox-data" |5,000 |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye isi oche | class="infobox-data agent" |Alhaji A.A. Master |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Onye njikwa | class="infobox-data agent" |Abdulkadir Mu'azu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |[[Nigeria National League|Njikọ Mba Naịjirịa]] |} '''Dalhatu United Football Club''' bụ ụlọ egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa hiwere isi na Gusau, Zamfara State. Ha na-agba n'ọkwa abụọ nke egwuregwu bọọlụ ọkachamara na Naịjirịa, Nigeria National League. ==Ndị otu dị ugbu a== == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722150702/http://www.triumphnewspapers.com/weekend/sport1392008.html] [[Otú:Ȯra Zamfara]] [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] 0w2q8c1c6hwcxlfkcpph7y908muht3h 0 75836 656709 655108 2026-06-23T02:31:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656709 wikitext text/x-wiki == Akụkọ ndụ == Edmonde Vinel natara na ule nke École normale supérieure, rue d'Ulm, naanị nwanyị nke klas ya (1932, nke Georges Bonnefoy , Jean Gosset na Latinist Pierre Grimal onye ọ mechara lụọ). N'ịbụ onye argegée na nkà ihe ọmụma, ọ kụziiri ihe n'abalị nke agha na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Rennes. O sonyere na Congress Esprit na Jouy-en-Josas na 1939, ebe joung Jorge Semprún zutere ya (O mechara nye akụkọ gbasara mmekọrịta ha na L'Écriture ou la Vie [fr]). N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1940, ọ malitere mmekorita ya na akwụkwọ akụkọ Esprit n'okpuru pseudonym Claude-Edmonde Magny, akụkọ ntụgharị uche ọzọ (banyere Aldous Huxley na February) na ndetu na akwụkwọ edemede na nso nso a. Mgbe agha ahụ gasịrị, na ruo n'afọ 1951, o nyere Esprit akwụkwọ iri na abụọ na Georges Bataille, ndị edemede nke mbula na Sartre, Joyce, Malraux, Mauriac, Balzac. A na-ewerekarị ha na nchịkọta mgbe a nwụsịrị, ndị e bipụtara na Poésie 46 na 47, na Preuves na magazin ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi French na Newnham College, Cambridge. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ya gụnyere onye ọkà n'akparamàgwà mmadụ bụ Anne Treisman. == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == * 1949: Oge ọlaedo nke akwụkwọ akụkọ America, Prix Sainte-BeuveIhe nrite Sainte-Beuve * [https://www.franceinter.fr/player/reecouter?play=470161 ''Akwụkwọ ozi banyere ikike ide ihe''], Paris, Éditions Flammarion, usoro "Climats", 2012,   * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] == Njikọ mpụga == * [http://bu.univ-angers.fr/zone/Patrimoine/archives-litteraires/ecole-de-rochefort-magny-claude-edmonde Ihe onwunwe nke Claude-Edmonde Magny nke ọ́bá akwụkwọ mahadum Angers] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241228223154/https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Claude-Edmonde-Magny/166763 Claude Edmonde Magny] na Babelio * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161220113114/http://www.lmda.net/din/tit_lmda.php?Id=3248 ''Akwụkwọ ozi banyere ikike ide ihe''] na Le Matricule des anges * [http://asautsetagambades.hautetfort.com/archive/2012/08/09/lettre-sur-le-pouvoir-d-ecrire-claude-edmonde-magny.html ''Akwụkwọ ozi banyere ikike ide ihe''] fn25zb6i3do8alqgonbhrt4q43yubn6 0 75900 656738 638280 2026-06-23T09:37:37Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656738 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Diane Jacquin de Margerie''' (24 n'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1927 - 25 Ọgọst afọ 2023) bụ nwanyị French nke akwụkwọ ozi na Onye ntụgharị si [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]]. == Akụkọ ndụ == Diane de Margerie bụ nwa nwanyị nke Jenny Fabre-Luce (1896-1991) na Roland de Margerie (1899-1990). Nna ya bụ nwa nwanne onye edemede Edmond Rostand na nwa nwanne Gérard Mante, onye lụrụ nwa nwanne Marcel Proust. Rainer Maria Rilke hụrụ nne ya n'anya. Diane de Margerie bụ nwanne Bertrand de Margerie [fr] (1923–2003), onye Jesuit na ọkà mmụta okpukpe, na Emmanuel Jacquin de Margerie (1924–1991), onye nnọchi anya France na United States. de Margerie lụrụ Prince Ricardo Pignatelli della Leonessa (1927-1985). A mụrụ nwa nwoke na 1952, Fabrizio Pignatelli della Leonessa, onye ga-aga n'ihu bụrụ onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ ma bụrụ onye nnọchiteanya Ịtali na Guatemala na Honduras. Alụmdi na nwunye nke abụọ ya bụ onye edemede Dominique Fernandez; di na nwunye ahụ nwere nwa nwoke, Ramon Fernandez , na nwa nwanyị, Laetitia Fernandez. Onye edemede, onye nkatọ agụmagụ, onye edemede akụkọ dị mkpirikpi, onye na-ede akụkọ ndụ na onye ntụgharị, de Margerie bụ onye dere ọrụ dị iche iche. Ozugbo ọ bụ onye otu ndị ọka ikpe Prix Femina, ọ natara ọtụtụ onyinye. Ọ biri na China na Ịtali. Na La Femme en pierre (1989), de Margerie na-eme emume Katidral Chartres, obodo ebe ọ bi. Ya na Isola, Retour des îles Galapagos, ọ na-akọ, n'ụdị uri, mmetụta ya nke njem. Diane de Margerie nwụrụ na Paris na 25 n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri itoolu na ise (95). <ref>{{Cite news|title=Mort de la romancière Diane de Margerie|url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/mort-de-la-romanciere-diane-de-margerie-20230825|accessdate=26 August 2023|work=[[Le Figaro]]|date=25 August 2023}}</ref> == Ọrụ == * 1974: Le Détail révélateur, akwụkwọ akụkọ, Flammarion, Paris * 1976: Le Paravent des enfers, akwụkwọ akụkọ, Flammarion * 1979: L'Arbre de Jessé, akwụkwọ akụkọ, Flammarion * 1979: La Volière, akụkọ, Éditions Balland , Paris * 1980: N'ebe ọzọ na n'ụzọ ọzọ, akụkọ mkpirikpi, Flammarion * 1982: Duplicités, akụkọ mkpirikpi, Flammarion * 1985: Ihe ncheta, Flammarion * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] Otu na nke ọzọ, Paris * 1992: ''Marcel Proust (Marcel na Léonie) '', Christian Pirot * 1994: Le Jardin secret de Marcel Proust, album, foto nke André Martin, Albin Michel, Paris * 1996: ''N'ime ihe na-agba gburugburu'', Gallimard, coll. Nwatakịrị dị elu, Paris * 1997: ''Ebe a na-edebe anụmanụ na Japan'', Albin Michel * 1998: ''Gburugburu Gustave Moreau'', Christian Pirot * 2000: Edith Wharton, ọgụgụ nke ndụ, akụkọ ndụ * 2001: ''Ugbu a'', Mercury nke France, Paris * [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] * 2004: ''Aurore na George'', akụkọ ndụ, Albin Michel * 2006: L'Étranglée, akwụkwọ akụkọ, Mercure de France * 2007: ''Agbamakwụkwọ ink'', edemede, Philippe Rey * 2010: ''Proust na ọchịchịrị'', edemede, Albin Michel * 2012: Passion de l'énigme, Mercure de France * 2013: ''Nsogbu ehighị ụra'' nke ọma, Mbipụta Grasset * 2016: ''Site na mbàrá gaa na urukurubụba'', Arlea * 2016: ''Na-achọ Robert Proust'', Flammarion == Ihe nrite na ọdịiche == * 1985: Ihe nrite Marcel Proust maka Le Ressouvenir''Ịcheta Ihe'' * 1994: Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres * 1996: Prix Jacques-Chardonne na ihe nrite nke Pen club French, maka Dans la spirale''N'ime ihe na-agba gburugburu'' * 2000: Prix Marcel-Thiébaut, prix France-Amérique, maka Edith Wharton, ọgụgụ nke ndụ''Edith Wharton, onye na-agụ otu ndụ'' * 2001: Prix littéraire Prince-Pierre-de-Monaco, maka ọrụ ya niile * 2004: Ihe nrite Médicis maka ''Aurore na George'' * 2008: Commander nke National Order of Merit (France) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Décret du 16 mai 2008 portant promotion et nomination|work=Légifrance|url=https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr|language=fr|accessdate=26 September 2023}}</ref> * 2009: Prix Contrepoint maka La passion Brando''Mmasị Brando'' * 2013: Ihe nrite Cazes maka ''Nsogbu ehighị ụra'' * 2015: Onye isi nke Legion of Honour <ref>{{Cite web|language=fr|title=Décret du 3 avril 2015 portant promotion et nomination|url=http://legifrance.gouv.fr/affichTexte.do;jsessionid=?cidTexte=JORFTEXT000030440152&dateTexte=&oldAction=dernierJO&categorieLien=id|accessdate=4 January 2017}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250125055333/https://www.babelio.com/auteur/Diane-de-Margerie/118239 Diane de Margerie] na Babelio * [http://www.livreshebdo.fr/article/diane-de-margerie-quitte-le-jury-du-femina ''Diane de Margerie hapụrụ ndị ọka ikpe nke Femina''] on LivresHebdo (13 Nọvemba 2014) * [https://www.franceculture.fr/personne-diane-de-margerie.html Diane de Margerie] na France CultureỌdịbendị France * [[Arléa|Arlea]].fr/Diane-De-Margerie" id="mw0w" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Diane de Margerie na saịtị Arléa * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drtpv_9g9_E Diane de Margerie na-akọ banyere mmasị ya n'ide akwụkwọ] na YouTube [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] iuhr7z9x32xi8dgtbvrryn73e9cuniy 0 75992 656706 655104 2026-06-23T01:49:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656706 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Afraik Kaejtan "Chucks" Nwoko''' (amụrụ na 21 Nọvemba 1978) bụ [[Footbọl|onye na-agba bọọlụ]] nke na-agba na ọkwa ọkachamara na nke mba ụwa dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu n'etiti. A mụrụ ya na Naijiria, ọ nọchitere anya otu mba Malta. Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na-erubeghị afọ iri na itoolu nke otu Malta First Division Balzan Youths. == Ọrụ ịgba egwu == A mụrụ Nwoko na Lagos, Naịjirịa, wee malite ọrụ ya na 1995 na Julius Berger. Ọ sonyeere otu egwuregwu Maltese bụ Birkirkara na ngwụcha afọ ahụ, mgbe ọ gbasịrị bọọlụ na CSKA Sofia na Bulgaria na 2001, ọ gbakwara bọọlụ maka Marsaxlokk, Sliema Wanderers na Qormi, lara ezumike nka na 2009. == Ọrụ mba ụwa == Mgbe ọ lụchara onye mba Malta - ya mere na-eru eru igwu egwu maka Otu egwuregwu bọọlụ mba Malta, Nwoko mere nke mbụ ya na mba ụwa na 1998. O mere ngụkọta nke 46 mba ụwa, na-agba otu goolu, ruo 2003. == Ndụ onwe onye == Nwa ya nwoke Kyrian bụkwa onye na-agba bọọlụ, ọ na-egwuri egwu dị ka onye na-eme egwuregwu na onye na-aga n'ihu maka otu mba Malta.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://vallettafc.net/news/new-valletta-fc-signing|title=New Valletta FC signing|first=Valletta|author=FC|work=Valletta FC|accessdate=2026-05-26|archivedate=2020-09-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200921031219/http://vallettafc.net/news/new-valletta-fc-signing}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20131011030503/http://www.maltafootball.com/players/chucksnwoko.html Chucks Nwoko na MaltaFootball.com] * Chucks Nwokona Soccerbase * Chucks Nwokona National-Football-Teams.com [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] tqbrwzzq1mlx2oyikdvb5sfizw8gbm7 0 76145 656702 644766 2026-06-23T01:02:54Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656702 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>[http://fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/634.html Helsingborg imponerade av Christian Ifeany Inyam ]</ref> '''Christian Ifeanyi Inyam''' {{Audio|LL-Q1860 (eng)-Chikeme Chizurum-Christian Ifeanyi Inyam.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ na Disemba 20, 1991, na [[Ikeja]]) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ na-agbachitere [[Sunshine Stars F.C.]] ugbu a.<ref>[https://www.npl.com.ng/component/joomsport/player/1/48.html Ifeanyi Christian Inyam (Sunshine Stars FC) - NPL.com]{{dead link|date=November 2016 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na Festac Sports Academy tupu afọ 2008 abanye na Warri Wolves F.C. wee bịanye aka na nkwekọrịta mgbazinye ego ọkara afọ na Julaị 2009 na ASEC Mimosas.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120720061504/http://www.asec.ci/fjoueur.php?id=66 ASEC Mimosas Player Profile]</ref>. Na ụbọchị asaa nke ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2010, ọ hapụrụ Warri Wolves F.C. maka nnwale mana ha enweghị ike ikwenye na ego mbufe maka onye ọkpụkpọ ahụ, ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa. Na 7 Febụwarị 2010 ọ hapụrụ Warri Wolves F.C. wee bịanye aka na klọb Swedish Helsingsborg IF.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120626191244/http://www.hif.se/cmsport/Handlers/Media.aspx?MediaID=1389 2010 var det första i en rad av framgångsrika år - Helsingborgs IF] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626191244/http://www.hif.se/cmsport/Handlers/Media.aspx?MediaID=1389 |date=June 26, 2012 }}</ref>. Mgbe naanị ọnwa itoolu gasịrị na 20 Nọvemba 2010 ọ laghachiri [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] wee bịanye aka na <ref>[http://westafricanfootball.com/2010/11/21/observations-from-the-nigerian-premier-league/ OBSERVATIONS FROM THE NIGERIAN PREMIER LEAGUE]</ref>. Na 21 Nọvemba 2012 ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu iri na otu, ndị bịanyere aka na Lobi Stars F.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.futaa.com/football/article/lobi-stars-unveil-15-new-players|title=Lobi Stars unvei 15 new players|accessdate=2012-11-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121208013106/http://www.futaa.com/football/article/lobi-stars-unveil-15-new-players|archivedate=2012-12-08}}</ref> == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1jplapflkeihz95t84jr0f7cljltpw5 0 76222 656746 655168 2026-06-23T11:42:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656746 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css"></templatestyles>  ''Onye Na-arọ nrọ'' Isioma {{Audio|LL-Q33578 (ibo)-Vivian Amalachukwu-Dreamer Isioma.wav|Listen}} (amụrụ n'afọ 2000/2001) bụ onye na-agụ egwú na onye na-ede egwú na Naijiria-Amerịka na onye na'ọtụtụ ụdị na-ese ihe na Chicago .<ref name=":1" /> Mgbe egwu Isioma's breakout "Sensitive" gachara na TikTok na 2020, ha[a] weputara album mpụta mbụ akpọrọ Goodnight Dreamer na 2022. album ha nke abụọ, Princess Forever, bụ AWAL wepụtara na 2023. == Oge ọ malitere ==   Onye na-arọ nrọ Isioma tolitere n'ezinụlọ [[Onye Kraịst|Ndị Kraịst]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Konemann|first=Liam|date=February 22, 2022|title=Dreamer Isioma: achingly-cool, community-focused pop from a future indie hero|url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/dreamer-isioma-interview-goodnight-dreamer-album-3166196|accessdate=December 10, 2022|work=[[NME]]|language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKonemann2022">Konemann, Liam (February 22, 2022). [https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/dreamer-isioma-interview-goodnight-dreamer-album-3166196 "Dreamer Isioma: achingly-cool, community-focused pop from a future indie hero"]. ''[[NME]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ha sitere n'ezinụlọ Naijiria-America. <sup class="mw-ref reference" mwqg="">Vogue.com/article/dreamer-isioma<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;access-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;December 10, 2022<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;website<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]</nowiki><nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;language<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;en-US<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;}},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;i<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:0}}]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwATs\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt22\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFRandall2022\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Randall, Tiana (November 9, 2022). <a class=\"external text\" href=\"https://www.vogue.com/article/dreamer-isioma\" id=\"mwATw\" rel=\"mw:ExtLink nofollow\">\"This Musician's Fashion Philosophy Is \"Drip Has No Gender\"\"</a></nowiki>. <nowiki><i id=\"mwAT4\"><a class=\"cx-link\" data-linkid=\"143\" href=\"./Vogue_(magazine)\" id=\"mwAT8\" rel=\"mw:WikiLink\" title=\"Vogue (magazine)\">Vogue</a></nowiki><nowiki></i></nowiki><nowiki><span class=\"reference-accessdate\" id=\"mwAUA\">. Retrieved <span class=\"nowrap\" id=\"mwAUE\">December 10,</span></nowiki> 2022<nowiki></span></nowiki>.<nowiki></cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Dreamer_Isioma#cite_note-:0-5 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> Ezinụlọ ha na-akwagharịkarị, ha wee nọrọ na Lagos, London, na Chicago.<ref name=":0" /> Na Chicago, ha malitere ịmụ Echiche egwu mgbe ha dị afọ atọ, ma mesịa mụọ piano na violin oge ochie.<ref name=":4"/> Ha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik, ebe ha nwalere ngosipụta nwoke na nwanyị n'ime Uwe ụlọ akwụkwọ.<ref name=":0" />Mgbe ha dị afọ iri na abụọ, ha pụtara dị ka ndị na-eme ihe ọchị, ma mechaa bụrụ ndị na-anaghị eme ihe ọchị mgbe ha nwesịrị ahụmịhe uche n'oge ha dị afọ iri na ụma. E gosipụtara ejiji ha dị iche iche nke na-agwakọta ihe ndị metụtara nwoke na nwanyị n'ọdịnala na Vogue.<ref name=":0" /> N'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Isioma gbalịrị ịgbanwe site n'ịkpọ egwu gaa n'ịbụ onye na-eme egwuregwu, nke bụ ihe a na-anabata na ọha mmadụ. Otú ọ dị, a gbochiri mgbanwe a n'ihi na ha gbajiri aka ha.<ref name=":4" /> Mgbe ha dị afọ iri na isii, ha malitere ime egwu, na mmetụta gụnyere Chief Keef na Paramore.<ref name=":0" /> Imepụta egwu ghọrọ nnukwu ihe na-atọ ụtọ mgbe Isioma ka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị; ha na-etinye awa na-arụ ọrụ na egwu kwa ụbọchị.<ref name=":4" /> Mgbe ha gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Isioma malitere ịga kọleji na Chicago; ha bu n'obi ịmụ ahịa na mbụ mana ha gbanwere gaa na nkwukọrịta iji zere klas mgbakọ na mwepụ achọrọ..<ref name=":5" /> N'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, a wara ha ahụ n'obi ma gosipụta Obi ụtọ nwoke na nwanyị na mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta.<ref name=":6" /> ime egwu n'ụzọ ọkachamara na 2018. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Randall|first=Tiana|date=November 9, 2022|title=This Musician's Fashion Philosophy Is "Drip Has No Gender"|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/dreamer-isioma|accessdate=December 10, 2022|work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]|language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRandall2022">Randall, Tiana (November 9, 2022). [https://www.vogue.com/article/dreamer-isioma "This Musician's Fashion Philosophy Is "Drip Has No Gender""]. ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> N'afọ 2020, egwu ha "Sensitive" gbasara na TikTok, wee bụrụ egwu ha. <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=Garrett|first=Ural|date=February 28, 2022|title=Dreamer Isioma, The Fearless Observer, Is Unfazed|url=https://www.mtv.com/news/6icj35/dreamer-isioma-interview-goodnight-dreamer|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210195045/https://www.mtv.com/news/6icj35/dreamer-isioma-interview-goodnight-dreamer|archivedate=December 10, 2022|accessdate=December 10, 2022|work=[[MTV]]|language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFGarrett2022">Garrett, Ural (February 28, 2022). . ''[[MTV]]''. Archived from on December 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Egwú ahụ, nke na-agwakọta R&amp;amp;B, [[Hip hop music|hip hop]], na mmetụta funk, ka e mesịrị kọwaa na ''Chicago Tribune'' dị ka "ihe ịtụnanya na-egwuri egwu". <ref name=":4"/> E gosipụtara ya na oge ikpeazụ nke Insecure . <ref name=":5" /> N'ihi ihe ịga nke ọma nke "Sensitive", Isioma nwere ike ịnweta ihe ndị ọzọ iji ''Mmetụta'' abọm, na-arụ ọrụ na ndị na-ekesa ya na ndị na'otu na-emepụta ihe ma nwee mmefu ego maka oge mbụ.<ref name=":0"/> Ọrụ malitere na abọm ahụ na Machị 2020. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Julious|first=Britt|date=February 11, 2022|title=Since the hit 'Sensitive,' Chicago music artist Dreamer Isioma has been in a whirlwind of fame|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/ct-ent-dreamer-isioma-chicago-hip-hop-20220211-o4cwqyox2jfa5bjzcismekpu3u-story.html|accessdate=December 10, 2022|work=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJulious2022">Julious, Britt (February 11, 2022). [https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/ct-ent-dreamer-isioma-chicago-hip-hop-20220211-o4cwqyox2jfa5bjzcismekpu3u-story.html "Since the hit 'Sensitive,' Chicago music artist Dreamer Isioma has been in a whirlwind of fame"]. ''[[Chicago Tribune]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> Ha wepụtara EP abụọ na 2020, nke akpọrọ Sensitive na The Leo Sun Rises . <ref name=":5"/> N'afọ 2021, Isioma mere njem izizi ha, <ref name=":5"/> nke gụnyere ịpụta na Lollapalooza na Austin City Limits. <ref name=":4"/> Isioma released their debut album ''Goodnight Dreamer'' on February 23, 2022,<ref name=":1"/> after the release of a lead single and accompanying music video titled "Bad Ting".<ref name=":3" />The album was distributed by AWAL.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=Crowell|first=Rachel|date=March 10, 2022|title=On Goodnight Dreamer, Dreamer Isioma is chameleonic|url=https://wrbbradio.org/2022/03/10/on-goodnight-dreamer-dreamer-isioma-is-chameleonic/|accessdate=December 10, 2022|work=[[WRBB]]|language=en-US|archivedate=December 10, 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210195045/https://wrbbradio.org/2022/03/10/on-goodnight-dreamer-dreamer-isioma-is-chameleonic/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFCrowell2022">Crowell, Rachel (March 10, 2022). [https://web.archive.org/web/20230323043852/https://wrbbradio.org/2022/03/10/on-goodnight-dreamer-dreamer-isioma-is-chameleonic/ "On Goodnight Dreamer, Dreamer Isioma is chameleonic"]. ''[[WRBB]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> ''NME'' described the album as a blend of various influences including Afrobeats, rock and roll, and modern electronic and pop music, and praised it as feeling "genuinely fresh, newly discovered".<ref name=":1" /> ''MTV'' stated that the album is made up of "various soundscapes and themes of being one’s authentic self".<ref name=":5"/> WRBB gave the album four stars out of five, praising it as "an intriguingly beautiful commentary on love and sexuality" with "fresh androgynous musical style".<ref name=":6" /> A jụrụ ha na Febụwarị 2022 site n'aka PAPER otu ha ga-esi kọwaa ọrụ ha n'ihi ihe nkiri egwu ha na-egosi na egwu, Isioma kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye nduzi ihe okike" kama kpọmkwem "onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye na-ede abụ ma ọ bụ onye na-abụ abụ". Ha kwuru na ọ bụ ezie na e kere egwu ha niile site na mmekorita ya na ndị enyi, ha "na-anya isi nke ukwuu n'ịbụ onye isi ihe.".<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Whitmer|first=Savannah|date=February 2, 2022|title=Dreamer Isioma Travels Through Time|url=https://www.papermag.com/dreamer-isioma-bad-ting-2656533735.html|accessdate=December 10, 2022|work=[[Paper (magazine)|PAPER]]|language=en}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWhitmer2022">Whitmer, Savannah (February 2, 2022). [https://www.papermag.com/dreamer-isioma-bad-ting-2656533735.html "Dreamer Isioma Travels Through Time"]. ''[[Paper (magazine)|PAPER]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> N'ọnwa Eprel 2023, Isioma wepụtara abọm nke abụọ akpọrọ ''Princess Forever'' . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Shepard|first=Ryan|date=2023-04-21|title=Dreamer Isioma Releases 'Princess Forever'|url=https://defpen.com/?p=323987|accessdate=2023-04-21|work=Def Pen|language=en-US}}</ref> ''Pitchfork'' gụnyere abọm ahụ, nke AWAL kesara, na ndepụta kwa izu nke abọm ọhụrụ iji gee ntị.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Monroe|first=Jazz|date=2023-04-21|title=8 Albums Out This Week You Should Listen to Now|url=https://pitchfork.com/news/8-new-albums-you-should-listen-to-now-everything-but-the-girl-dreamer-isioma-esther-rose/|accessdate=2023-04-21|work=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Kehlani * Young M.A. * Saucy Santana == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] roxjlnbryblbbm8n0fu1qumq14q2w5o 0 76405 656678 655013 2026-06-22T16:15:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656678 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Blessings''''' bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ [[Chukwuebuka Ibeh]] dere n'afọ 2024. E bipụtara ya site na akara mbipụta {{ill|Viking Books|en}} nke ụlọ mbipụta {{ill|Penguin Random House|en}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/454618/blessings-by-ibeh-chukwuebuka/9780241618257|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} Blessings|website=Penguin Books Ltd}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=22-Year-Old Chukwuebuka Ibeh’s Debut Novel Blessings Will Be Published By Viking in 2024|first=Kuhelika |last=Ghosh |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/11/22-year-old-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-blessings-will-be-published-by-viking-in-2024/|date=1 November 2022 |access-date=14 October 2024 |website=[[Brittle Paper]] |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Nchịkọta akụkọ== Obiefuna bụ nwa mbụ nke nne na nna ya. Nne ya na-ele ya anya dịka ngọzi nye ezinụlọ. Ndụ ya gbanwere kpamkpam mgbe otu nwa amụma nke nna ya bịara biri n'ụlọ ha. Aboy bịarutere n'ụlọ ahụ ma kpalite n'ime Obiefuna mmetụta ọ maghị na ọ nwere. Mgbe nna ya hụrụ ha abụọ n'ọnọdụ ịhụnanya pụrụ iche, ọ kpọgara Obiefuna ụlọ akwụkwọ obibi ma chụpụ Aboy n'ụlọ ahụ. Site n'ọtụtụ ihe isi ike na ule ndụ, Obiefuna malitere ịghọta onye ọ bụ n'eziokwu n'ime akụkọ a gbasara ịchọpụta onwe onye. ==Onye dere ya== A mụrụ [[Chukwuebuka Ibeh]] na obodo [[Port Harcourt]] di na mba Nigeria, n'afọ 2000.<ref name="Bidisha">{{Cite news |last=Mamata |first=Bidisha |author-link=Bidisha Mamata|date=2024-03-03 |title=Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh review – when a clinch is a crime |url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/mar/03/blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh-review-when-a-clinch-is-a |access-date=2024-03-21 |newspaper=The Observer |language=en-GB |issn=0029-7712}}</ref> Ọ na-amụ ugbu a maka nzere MFA na mahadum {{ill|Washington University in St. Louis|en}} dị na {{ill|St. Louis, Missouri|en}}.<ref name="Ghosh">{{Cite web |title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh's Forthcoming Novel Secures Film Agent and 4 International Book Deals |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/brittle-paper-alumnus-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-secures-film-agent-and-u-s-canada-german-and-spanish-book-deals/|first=Kuhelika|last=Ghosh|date=18 May 2023 |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Brittle Paper}}</ref> Onye odee akwụkwọ [[Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie]] kọwara ederede ya dịka nke "na-ahụ ihe nke ọma nke ukwuu... ma juputara na ncheta gara aga".<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 July 2019 |title=Purple Hibiscus Literary Evening Event with Chimamanda Adichie |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dc9ujmTiSG8&t=1319s |access-date=2024-03-21 |publisher=Brittle Paper|via=YouTube |language=English}}</ref> E bipụtala ọrụ ya na ''{{ill|McSweeneys Quarterly|en}}'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021 |url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/mcsweeney-s-issue-56 |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=McSweeney's |language=en-US}}</ref> ''{{ill|New England Review|en}}'', ''Dappled Things'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021 |url=https://www.dappledthings.org/store/p/mary-queen-of-angels |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Dappled Things |language=en-US}}</ref> na ''{{ill|Lolwe|en}}''.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Lolwe |last2=Troy |date=2020-05-18 |title=The Ache of Longing - Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://lolwe.org/the-ache-of-longing/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Lolwe |language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, ''{{ill|Electric Literature|en}}'' kpọrọ ya otu n'ime “olu ọhụrụ kachasị ekwe nkwa n'edemede akụkọ ifo Naịjirịa”.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Zimmerman |first=Jess |date=2019-07-11 |title=Meet the Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction |url=https://electricliterature.com/meet-the-most-promising-new-voices-of-nigerian-fiction/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Electric Literature |language=en-US}}</ref> ==Mmepe na mbipụta== {{ill|Viking Books|en}} kwupụtara na ọ zụtara ikike ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ Ibeh nke ha kpọrọ “ọrụ ebube” na October 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Viking scoops 'miraculous' début by Ibeh in exclusive submission |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/viking-scoops-miraculous-debut-by-ibeh-in-exclusive-submission |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=[[The Bookseller]] |language=En|date=31 October 2022|first=Sian|last=Bayley}}</ref> Na Mee 2023, otu afọ tupu e bipụta akwụkwọ ahụ, e rere ikike ime ya ihe nkiri nye The Artists Partnership, ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya ndị nka dị na London.<ref name="Ghosh" /> N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Ibeh nyere okwu {{ill|TEDx|en}} akpọrọ ''What Are African Values?'' na TEDxWUSTL na St. Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Citation |title=What Are African Values? {{!}} Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} TEDxWUSTL | date=26 May 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygiaRURMPnk |access-date=2024-03-21 |language=en}}</ref> ==Ihe ndị ọzọ kwuru== ''Blessings'' nwetara ezigbo nnabata, gụnyere nkwado ọha sitere n'aka [[Zadie Smith]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Debut Novel Zadie Smith Wants Everyone to Read: Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/09/the-debut-novel-zadie-smith-wants-everyone-to-read-blessing-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=brittlepaper.com|first=Kuhelika|last=Ghosh|date=25 September 2023}}</ref> Na ''{{ill|The New York Times|en}}'', Joshua Barone toro ụdị asụsụ e ji dee akwụkwọ ahụ ma kọwaa ya dịka "na-ekpughe eziokwu ma hapụkwa ụfọdụ ajụjụ n'azụ, dị mfe ma nwekwa ọtụtụ olu, juputara n'olileanya ma jupụtakwa n'obi mgbawa".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Barone |first=Joshua |date=2024-06-04 |title=A Queer Coming-of-Age Tale, Set in a Brutal Anti-Gay World |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/books/review/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh.html |access-date=2024-06-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> Nyocha nyere kpakpando ise na ''{{ill|The Daily Telegraph|en}}'' kpọrọ ya " ọgụ ọgụgụ isi megide iwu Naịjirịa na-emegide ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwoke".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waters |first=Katherine |date=2024-02-07 |title=A smart literary attack on Nigeria's anti-gay laws |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/review-blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |newspaper=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> ''{{ill|The Observer|en}}'' kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dịka "akụkọ na-emetụ n'obi banyere Obiefuna, nwa okorobịa Naịjirịa nwere nkà na mmetụta miri emi nke nna ya nwere echiche ọdịnala siri ike hụrụ ka ya na nwoke ọzọ nọ n'ọnọdụ ịhụnanya", ma mechie ya dịka "akwụkwọ mbụ na-emetụ n'obi nke ukwuu".<ref name="Bidisha" /> ''Buzz Magazine'' kpọrọ ya "nnyocha miri emi banyere njirimara onwe onye na nnabata".<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-03-14 |title=BLESSINGS: a profound exploration of identity and acceptance |url=https://www.buzzmag.co.uk/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh-book-review/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |website=Buzz Magazine |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''{{ill|The Sunday Times|en}}'' kpọrọ ya "akwụkwọ mbụ na-akpali akpali banyere ịhụnanya na ịnọ naanị mmadụ".<ref>[https://penguinrandomhouselibrary.com/book/?isbn=9780593865477 "Blessings"], Library Marketing, Penguin Random House.</ref> N'ime nyocha nke na-adị ntakịrị iche, ''{{ill|The Times Literary Supplement|en}}'' toro ụfọdụ akụkụ nke akwụkwọ ahụ dịka "e dere nke ọma nke ukwuu", ma kwuo na ọ tụrụ anya ịhụ nkọwa miri emi karịa banyere obodo Port Harcourt na ndị bi na ya.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh-book-review-estelle-shirbon/|title=Magic and terror – Same-sex love in a hostile Nigeria|first=Estelle|last=Shirbon|website=TLS|date=March 1, 2024}}</ref> ''Blessings'' sonyekwara na ndepụta ogologo nke 2024 Wilbur Smith Adventure Writing Prize.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Digital |first=Make |date=2024-04-30 |title=2024 Longlist |url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/awards/best-published-novel-2019/2024-longlist |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Wilbur & Niso Smith Foundation |language=en |accessdate=2026-06-10 |archivedate=2024-06-13 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240613075745/https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/awards/best-published-novel-2019/2024-longlist }}</ref> Akwụkwọ a so na akwụkwọ ndị ''Esquire'' tụrụ aro maka afọ 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-01 |title=The Biggest Books Landing on Your Reading List in 2024|first=Henry |last=Wong |url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/g46199447/best-books-2024/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Esquire |language=en-GB}}</ref> ''{{ill|USA Today|en}}'' tinyekwara ya n'ime akwụkwọ kacha mma ndị odee ojii dere n'afọ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Mangino |first1=Samantha |title=These are some of the best books by Black authors to read in 2024 |url=https://reviewed.usatoday.com/lifestyle/features/books-black-authors-2024|date=23 February 2024|access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Reviewed |language=en}}</ref> ==Edensibia== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ nke 2024]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ Naịjirịa nke 2024]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke afọ 2020s]] [[Category:Akwụkwọ akụkọ LGBTQ nke Naịjirịa]] [[Category:Ọrụ edemede metụtara LGBTQ nke 2024]] 4drunod3fm37gazhhhlichfb3rw3p74 0 76649 656669 655692 2026-06-22T14:01:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656669 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cbsg.org/about-cpsg/ulysses-s-seal-award |title=Archived copy |access-date=2024-08-15 |archive-date=2024-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815130240/http://www.cbsg.org/about-cpsg/ulysses-s-seal-award |url-status=dead |accessdate=2026-06-13 |archivedate=2024-08-15 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240815130240/http://www.cbsg.org/about-cpsg/ulysses-s-seal-award }}</ref> '''Bengt Holst''' (amụrụ na 14 Mee 1952) bụ ọkà mmụta ihe ndị dị ndụ na Denmark, onye, ​​ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na njedebe nke afọ 2020, bụ onye nduzi sayensị na Copenhagen Zoo.<ref name=":0">[http://www.u-landsnyt.dk/navnenyt/m-rkedage/bengt-holst-blir-60 "Bengt Holst bliver 60"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714141712/http://www.u-landsnyt.dk/navnenyt/m-rkedage/bengt-holst-blir-60 |date=14. July 2014 }} (14-05-2012). ''U-landsnyt.dk. ''Læst 12-06-2014.</ref> . Holst nwetara MSc na Biology na Mahadum Copenhagen na 1983. . Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, Holst were ọrụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ụmụ anụmanụ na onye na-enyere aka na nyocha na Copenhagen Zoo. N'afọ 1988, Holst ghọrọ onye isi nke ngalaba anụmanụ na n'afọ 1994 osote onye nduzi na onye nduzi sayensị.<ref name=":0" /> Holst esonyewo na mmemme redio sayensị nke Denmark Radio Leksikon og Viden Om . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Om Aftenshowets eksperter|publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]]|url=https://www.dr.dk/DRPresse/Artikler/20100115081530.htm}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Kansụl Omume Anụmanụ.<ref>[http://www.kristeligt-dagblad.dk/mennesker/formand-med-interesse-regnorme "Formand med interesse for regnorme"] (31-10-2012). ''[[Kristeligt Dagblad]]''. Last accessed July 12th, 2014.</ref> == Arụmụka == Holst nwetara ihe a ma ama na Febụwarị 2014 mgbe ọ nọchitere anya Copenhagen Zoo na mgbasa ozi Danish na nke mba ụwa, na-akọwa mkpebi iji nyochaa ozu giraffe aha ya bụ Marius n'ihu ọha. Holst mere ka o doo anya na ịnyefe Marius n'ogige ntụrụndụ ọzọ nwere ike iduga na njupụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na inbreeding. Iji bulie ọdịiche dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa maka ụmụ n'ọdịnihu na mmemme ịzụlite zoo, a na-ewere ya dị ka ihe bara uru karị iwebata giraffe ọzọ nwere ọdịdị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ndụ ihe nkesa dị iche iche.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/10/world/europe/anger-erupts-over-danish-zoos-decision-to-put-down-a-giraffe.html "Anger Erupts After Danish Zoo Kills a ‘Surplus’ Giraffe"] ''[[New York Times]]'' Last accessed August 7th 2021.</ref> == Ntinye aha nke Danish Nature Fund == Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká dị ka onye nduzi sayensị nke Zoo Copenhagen na 31 Disemba 2020, Minista Na-ahụ Maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke Denmark họpụtara Holst dị ka onyeisi oche ọhụrụ nke Danish Nature Fund.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210115170929/https://www.mim.dk/nyheder/2021/jan/miljoeministeren-udpeger-ny-formand-for-den-danske-naturfond/ “Miljøministeren udpeger ny formand for Den Danske Naturfond”] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210115170929/https://www.mim.dk/nyheder/2021/jan/miljoeministeren-udpeger-ny-formand-for-den-danske-naturfond/ |date=2021-01-15 }} Press release January 15th 2021 from the Ministry of the Environment. Accessed August 7th, 2021.</ref> == Edensibia == [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] l202piaklusxu9brfyd6tsmvxd9b80e 0 76669 656697 655614 2026-06-22T22:37:24Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656697 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Charles Marion Russell''' (onwa Machị 19, afọ 1864 – onwa Ọktoba 24, afọ 1926), <ref name="Mantle Fielding's">{{Cite book|editor=Opitz|title=Mantle Fielding's Dictionary of american Painters, Sculptors & Engravers|year=1987|publisher=Apollo Book|location=Poughkeepsie, NY|isbn=0-938290-04-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/mantlefieldingsd0000fiel/page/1047 1047]|url=https://archive.org/details/mantlefieldingsd0000fiel/page/1047}}</ref> a makwaara dịka '''CM Russell''', '''Charlie Russell''', na " '''Kid''' " '''Russell''', bụ onye Amerịka na-ese ihe nke American Old West . O kere ihe karịrị puku abụọ eserese nke ndị cowboy, ndị America, na ala dị iche iche e tinyere na ọdịda anyanwụ United States na Alberta, Canada, na mgbakwunye na ihe oyiyi ọla nchara. A maara ya dị ka "onye na-ese ihe cowboy" ma bụrụkwa onye na-akọ akụkọ na onye edemede. Ọ ghọrọ onye na-akwado ndị Obodo Amerịka noo n'ọdịda anyanwụ, na-akwado nkwa Chippewa na-enweghị ala ka e guzobe ha na Montana. N'afọ 1916, Ndị omeiwu mere iwu iji mepụta ebe a na-edebe ihe nke Rocky Boy . Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka CM Russell dị na Great Falls, Montana nwere ihe karịrị ihe osise Russell 2,000, ihe ndị mmadụ na-ahụ anya, na ihe ochie. A na-ahazi nchịkọta ndị ọzọ dị mkpa na Òtù Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Montana dị na Helena, Montana, Buffalo Bill Center nke West dị na Cody, Wyoming, Amon Carter Museum of American Art dị na Fort Worth, Texas, na Sid Richardson Museum dị na Fort Worth. Ihe osise ya nke afọ 1912 ''bụ Lewis and Clark Meeting Indians na Ross' Hole,'' nke dị n'ime ụlọ nke Montana Capitol dị na Helena, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Montana Historical Society Museum Collections Online|url=https://mhsmuseum.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/E20B4EB1-9FC2-4FDF-9B0F-119049484337|work=Montana Historical Society Museum Collections Online|accessdate=February 13, 2023}}</ref> na ihe osise ''Piegans'' ya nke afọ 1918 rere maka $5.6&nbsp;nde na ahịa n'afọ 2005. <ref>{{Cite web|title=2005 auction results|work=Coeur d'Alene Art Auction|url=http://cda.stremmelgallery.com/past/index.html|accessdate=July 26, 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505011619/http://cda.stremmelgallery.com/past/index.html|archivedate=May 5, 2008}}</ref> N'afọ 1955, e tinyere ya n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ nke Ebe ngosi ihe nketa nke mba Cowboy na Western Heritage dị na Oklahoma City, Oklahoma . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Hall of Great Westerners|url=https://nationalcowboymuseum.org/hall-of-great-westerners/|work=National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum|accessdate=November 22, 2019}}</ref> == Oge nwata == Nka bụ akụkụ nke ndụ Russell mgbe niile. Mgbe ọ na-etolitere na [[Mizurị|Missouri]], ọ sere ihe osise ma na-eme ihe oyiyi anụmanụ dị ka ụrọ. Russell nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na "ọdịda anyanwụ ọhịa" ma na-etinye ọtụtụ awa na-agụ banyere ya. Russell na-ekiri ndị nchọpụta na ndị na-azụ ahịa ajị anụ bụ́ ndị na-abịakarị na Missouri. Ọ mụtara ịnya ịnyịnya na Hazel Dell Farm dị nso na Jerseyville, Illinois, n'elu ịnyịnya Agha Obodo a ma ama aha ya bụ Great Britain. Onye nkụzi Russell bụ Kọnịl William H. Fulkerson, onye lụrụ di na nwunye n'ezinụlọ Russell. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, Russell hapụrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ wee gaa [[Montana]] ịrụ ọrụ n'ebe a na-azụ atụrụ. <ref name="russell2">{{Cite web|title=125 Montana Newsmakers: Charles Marion Russell|url=http://www.greatfallstribune.com/multimedia/125newsmakers6/cmrussell1.html|work=Great Falls Tribune|author=Tribune Staff|accessdate=August 28, 2011|archivedate=July 19, 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130719015742/http://www.greatfallstribune.com/multimedia/125newsmakers6/cmrussell1.html}}</ref> == Montana na Ọdịda Anyanwụ == [[Faịlụ:Charles_Marion_Russell_–_Smoke_of_a_.45_–_Google_Art_Project.jpg|thumb|''Anwụrụ ọkụ nke .45'', mmanụ dị na kanvas, afọ 1908]] Russell hapụrụ ebe a na-azụ atụrụ wee chọta ọrụ na Jake Hoover, onye dinta na onye na-azụ anụ nke ghọburu onye na-azụ anụ. O nwere ala na Judith Basin nke Central Montana. Russell mụtara ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ụzọ ndị Ọdịda Anyanwụ n'aka ya, ha abụọ ka bụkwa enyi ruo ogologo ndụ ha niile. <ref name="Paladin"/> Mgbe Russell letara ezinụlọ ya na Missouri obere oge n'afọ 1882, ọ laghachiri Montana, wee biri ma rụọ ọrụ ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-azụ ehi maka ọtụtụ uwe dị iche iche, ma dekọọ oge oyi siri ike nke 1886-1887 n'ọtụtụ agba mmiri. <ref name="Paladin"/> Russell nọ na-arụ ọrụ na O-H Ranch dị na Judith Basin n'oge ahụ. Onye nlekọta ugbo natara akwụkwọ ozi n'aka onye nwe ya, na-ajụ ya otú ìgwè ehi ahụ si nagide oge oyi. N'ịzaghachi ya, onye nlekọta ahụ zigara mmiri mmiri dị ka kaadị nke Russell sere nke ụgbọ mmiri siri ike nke anụ ọhịa wolf na-ekiri n'okpuru mbara igwe oyi na-acha ntụ ntụ. Onye nwe ugbo ahụ gosiri ndị enyi na ndị ha na ha maara azụmaahịa kaadị ozi ahụ, ma mesịa gosipụta ya na windo ụlọ ahịa na Helena, Montana . Mgbe nke a gasịrị, onye omenkà ahụ malitere ịnata ọrụ maka ọrụ ọhụrụ. Ihe e dere na Russell n'elu eserese ahụ, nke a kpọrọ 'Na-eche Chinook', ghọrọ aha nke agba mmiri. Russell mechara see nkọwa zuru ezu nke ihe nkiri ahụ nke ghọrọ otu n'ime ọrụ ya kacha mara amara. Malite n'afọ 1888, Russell biri ndụ na ndị Blood Indians ruo oge ụfọdụ, otu alaka nke mba Blackfeet . <ref name="Osmundson">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kWjFHd4ER34C&q=keeoma+story+of&pg=PT14|title=Osmundson, Linda L. ''How the West Was Drawn: Cowboy Charlie's Art''|date=2011-02-15|isbn=9781455615155|accessdate=2012-05-05|author=Osmundson|first=Linda L.|publisher=Pelican}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta kwenyere na o nwetara ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma miri emi banyere omenala ndị obodo Amerịka n'oge a. <ref name="Paladin">{{Cite web|author=Paladin|first=Vivian A|title=Facts and Reflections About Charles M. Russell|publisher=Art Montana|url=http://artmt.com/cmr/cmrbio.html|accessdate=November 6, 2011}}</ref> Mgbe ọ laghachiri na Judith Basin n'afọ 1889, ọ hụrụ na ọ na-ejupụta na ndị ọbịa. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ndị mepere emepe ruo afọ ole na ole tupu ya ebiri na mpaghara Great Falls, Montana, n'afọ 1892. N'ebe ahụ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ iji nweta ihe onwunwe dịka onye na-ese ihe oge niile. <ref name="Paladin" /> N'afọ 1896, Russell lụrụ nwunye ya bụ́ Nancy. Ọ dị afọ 32, nwunye ya dịkwa afọ 18. <ref name="Paladin"/> N'afọ 1897, ha si n'obodo nta dị na Cascade, Montana kwaga n'obodo ukwu nke Great Falls. Russell nọrọ ihe ka ukwuu ná ndụ ya fọdụrụ ebe ahụ. Ọ gara n'ihu na nka ya, ghọọ onye a ma ama n'obodo ahụ ma nweta otuto site n'aka ndị nkatọ n'ụwa niile. Ebe ọ bụ na Russell enweghị nkà n'ịzụ ahịa ọrụ ya, a na-enye Nancy otuto maka ime ya onye omenkà a ma ama n'ụwa niile. O mere ọtụtụ ihe ngosi maka Russell n'ofe United States na [[London]], wee mepụta ọtụtụ ndị na-eso ụzọ Russell. N'afọ 1912, o sonyeere onye na-ese ihe osise cowboy bụ Frank Tenney Johnson na njem eserese gaa Blackfoot Reservation n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Ogige Mba Glacier di na [[Montana]] . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sidrichardsonmuseum.org/collection/trouble-on-the-pony-express/|title=Trouble on the Pony Express}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:When_the_Land_Belonged_to_God_by_C.M._Russell.jpg|thumb|''Mgbe Ala ahụ Bụ nke Chineke'', afọ 1914, onyonyo yiri ya nke e gosipụtara ruo ọtụtụ afọ na Sineti Montana]] N'afọ 1913, Russell sere ''Wild Horse Hunters'', nke na-egosi ndị na-agba ịnyịnya na-ejide ịnyịnya ọhịa, nke otu ìgwè ọ bụla nwere ịnyịnya ịnyịnya. O jiri agba dị iche iche dịka onye omenkà nwere ike iji mee ihe n'ugwu ya. Dịka onye na-ese ihe, Russell pụtara n'oge Wild West nwere mmasị dị ukwuu n'ebe ndị bi n'obodo ukwu nọ, a ka na-akwagharị ehi n'ebe dị anya. O sere foto nke Old West nke ndị Western mechara jiri, nke ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na ihe nkiri. Russell nwere mmasị n'ụdị nka ndị ama ama ma meekwa ọtụtụ enyi n'etiti ndị na-anakọta ọrụ ya bara ọgaranya, gụnyere ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri dịka William S. Hart, Harry Carey, Will Rogers, na Douglas Fairbanks . Russell sokwa ndị omenkà ibe ya nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ na-akpakọrịta, gụnyere ndị na-ese ihe Edgar Samuel Paxson, onye na-ese ihe [[Edward Borein|Edward "Ed" Borein]], onye na-ese ihe osise na onye na-ese ihe Maynard Dixon na Will Crawford onye na-ese ihe osise. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Remembering Russell’s West: Friend Dixon|url=https://cmrussell.org/remembering-russells-west-friend-dixon/|work=C. M. Russell Museum}}</ref> N'ụbọchị e liri Russell n'afọ 1926, ụmụaka nọ na Great Falls ka atọhapụrụ n' akwụkwọ ka ha wee nwee ike ikiri ngagharị olili ozu ahụ. E gosipụtara igbe ozu Russell n'ime ụgbọ ala nwere iko, nke ịnyịnya ojii anọ dọtara. Russell mepụtara ihe dị ka ọrụ nka 4,000, gụnyere ihe osise mmanụ na mmiri, eserese na ihe ọkpụkpụ e ji wax, ụrọ, plasta na ihe ndị ọzọ kpụọ, ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụkwa ndị e ji ọla nchara kpụọ. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://centerofthewest.org/explore/western-art/research/charles-m-russell/|title=Charles M. Russell – Whitney Western Art Museum – Buffalo Bill Center of the West}}</ref> == Ihe osise nke Charles Marion Russell == <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="150" caption="Ọrụ ndị ọzọ rụrụ"> Faịlụ:Charles_M._Russell.jpg|alt=Portrait by A.O. Gregory| Foto nke AO Gregory sere Faịlụ:MVI_2799_Russell_in_studio_at_Amon_Carter_Museum.jpg|alt=Russell working in his studio in Great Falls, Montana| Russell na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọrụ ya na Great Falls, Montana Faịlụ:CMR_MacKay.jpg|alt=C. M. Russell statue by John Weaver; Identical statues are held in the National Statuary Hall Collection and by the Montana Historical Society.| Ihe oyiyi CM Russell nke John Weaver ; E debere ihe oyiyi ndị yiri ya na Nchịkọta Ụlọ Nzukọ Ihe Ochie nke Mba na Montana Historical Society . </gallery><gallery mode="packed" heights="150" caption="Foto Charles Marion Russell"> Faịlụ:CMR_and_Friends.jpg|alt=C. M. Russell and his friends. A detail of the picture was used for a Montana U.S. Postage Stamp in 1989.| ''C.&nbsp;M. Russell na ndị enyi ya'' . E jiri nkọwa nke foto ahụ mee stampụ ozi US nke Montana na 1989. Faịlụ:CMR_Xmas_greeting.jpg|alt=Self-portrait with Christmas greeting, 1914| Foto onwe onye na ekele ekeresimesi, 1914 </gallery> == Ekele == [[Faịlụ:Charles_M_Russell_Log_Cabin_Studio_-_Great_Falls_Montana_-_September_1976.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ ọrụ osisi Russell dị na Great Falls, Montana. E chekwara ya ugbu a, ọ bụkwa akụkụ nke CM Russell Museum Complex]] E bipụtara nchịkọta akụkọ dị mkpirikpi akpọrọ ''Trails Plowed Under'' <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks07/0700941h.html|title=Trails Plowed Under|publisher=Gutenberg.net.au|accessdate=2012-03-06}}</ref> otu afọ mgbe ọ nwụsịrị. [[Faịlụ:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_The_Tenderfoot_(1900).jpg|thumb|''Ụkwụ Tenderfoot'' (1900)]] N'afọ 1960, e wuru ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị nke Charles M. Russell na Missoula, Montana . N'afọ 1965, e wuru ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Osimiri Missouri na Great Falls, Montana ma kpọọ ya Charles M. Russell High School, iji sọpụrụ Russell. Abọm Ian Tyson nke afọ 1987, ''Cowboyography'', gụnyere abụ akpọrọ "The Gift" nke na-akọ akụkọ Russell. Michael Nesmith, onye a ma ama na Monkees,dekọrọ egwu akpọrọ "Ọchị Kpoo Obi Mkpọmkpọ" nke sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ, ma kọwaa ihe dị n'ime ya, ihe osise Russell a ma ama nke nwere otu aha ahụ. Onye na-abụ abụ ọdịnala Blackfeet bụ Jack Gladstone dere abụ raara nye Russell nke akpọrọ "When the Land Belonged to God." Abụ ahụ na-akọwa ihe osise Russell nke nwere otu aha ahụ. N'afọ 1985, A họpụtara Russell n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị Na-ese Ihe na New York. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.societyillustrators.org/programs/hall-fame|title=Homepage|accessdate=2020-05-07|archivedate=2020-04-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200416102025/https://www.societyillustrators.org/programs/hall-fame}}</ref> N'afọ 1991, A họpụtara Russell n'ime Ụlọ Nzukọ Ndị A Ma Ama na St. Louis . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement|title=St. Louis Walk of Fame Inductees|author=St. Louis Walk of Fame|publisher=stlouiswalkoffame.org|accessdate=25 April 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121031162946/http://www.stlouiswalkoffame.org/inductees/?view=achievement|archivedate=31 October 2012}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Russell_Meat_for_Wild_Men_Amon_Carter_Museum.jpg|thumb|''Anụ maka ụmụ nwoke ọhịa,'' ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara, nke na-egosi ịchụ nta ehi]] E gosipụtara ụfọdụ n'ime ihe osise Russell n'oge ihe ngosi nke usoro ihe nkiri telivishọn ABC ama dika ''How the West Was Won'', nke James Arness gosipụtara. James McDowell Sr. nke Tulsa, Oklahoma nyere mpịakọta iri abụọ na anọ nke ihe osise ya nye Nchịkọta Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Ọdịda Anyanwụ na Mahadum Oklahoma n'afọ 1997. A họpụtara Russell na klas mbụ nke Ụlọ Nzukọ Ama Ama nke Mpụga n'afọ 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://missoulian.com/lifestyles/recreation/montana-outdoor-hall-of-fame-inducts-inaugural-class/article_ca3d81a3-c77c-5501-8a30-9c114bd4b34e.html|title=Montana Outdoor Hall of Fame inducts inaugural class|date=3 December 2014}}</ref> A sọpụrụ ya na Ncheta nke Stockmen na Cochrane, Alberta, Canada. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.smflibrary.ca/r.html|title=Stockmen's Memorial Foundation Library and Archives - Subject Headings - R|accessdate=2020-06-07|archivedate=2020-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607061749/http://www.smflibrary.ca/r.html}}</ref> A buru ebe mgbaba anụ ọhịa nke mba Charles M. Russell aha maka Russell, aha ụgbọ mmiri nnwere onwe nke Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, ''SS Charles M. Russell'', ka e nyere aha ya ma wepụta ya n'afọ 1943 na Portland, Oregon. Ụlọ Nkwari Akụ na Ụlọ Nkwari Akụ Bull Head, nke dị n'akụkụ Ụzọ Going-to-the-Sun na Ogige Mba Glacier, bụ ebe obibi Russell n'oge okpomọkụ, a dekwara ya na Ndekọ Mba nke Ebe Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme . == Ọrịre ahịa == [[Faịlụ:Russell_The_Buffalo_Hunt_No_26_1899.jpg|thumb|''Ịchụ nta Buffalo'' nke afọ 1899. Ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie Amon Carter, Fort Worth]] E rere Russell's Piegans na 2005 maka nde dọla $5.6, nke karịrị okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ahịa kachasị elu nke ọrụ ya rere n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga. Na ahịa ọrịre ahịa n'afọ 2008, e rere ihe osise mmanụ Russell ''bụ The Hold Up (Maịlụ 20 ruo Deadwood)'' maka $5.2&nbsp;nde mmadụ, a reekwa ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara ya bụ́ ''Buffalo Hunt'' (nke gosiri ndị Amerịka abụọ na-awakpo bison na-agba ọsọ) maka $4.1&nbsp;nde. <ref name="GriffithFetch">Griffith, Martin. "Bierstadt, Russell Paintings Fetch Millions at Reno Auction." ''Great Falls Tribune.'' July 26, 2011.</ref> Na Julaị afọ 2009, agba mmiri na gouache nke Russell afọ 1907 bụ ''The Truce'' ruru $2.03&nbsp;nde nye onye na-enye ekwentị aha ya. Russell nke 1911 18 inches (460 mm) na 13 inches (330 mm) ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara, ''Bronc Twister'', a ree ya n'ahịa n'afọ 2008 maka $805,000—karịa nke ukwuu karịa atụmatụ $300,000 tupu a ree ya. N' onwa Julaị afọ 2011, ọnụ ahịa ọrụ Russell rịrị elu ọzọ. Ihe osise mmanụ ya nke afọ 1892 ''bụ Water for Camp'' (nke gosiri ụmụ nwanyị ndị Amerịka bi n'ime ite mmiri) na agba mmiri ya nke afọ 1924 ''bụ A Dangerous Sport'' (nke e ji nkume cowboys abụọ a na-akpọ lasso a mountain lion) rere ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ $1.5.&nbsp;nde nke ọ bụla. E rere ihe osise iri atọ nke Russell n'ọtụtụ nde dollar na Coeur d'Alene Art Auction (nke emere na Reno, Nevada ) n' onwa Julaị afọ 2014, nke mere ka e nwee ndekọ ọhụrụ maka ọtụtụ ihe osise. E rere ihe osise Russell's ''Trail of the Iron Horse'' (nke na-egosi otu ndị obodo Amerịka na-agba ịnyịnya na-eche echiche banyere ụzọ ụgbọ okporo ígwè) maka $1.9&nbsp;nde, ebe a na-ere ahịa ''Dakota Chief'' (nke gosiri otu nwa okorobịa onyeisi Lakota nọ n'elu ịnyịnya) maka $1.1&nbsp;nde (ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ahịa ikpeazụ o nyere). E rere ọbụna obere eserese pensụl maka $25,000. <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/museums/charles-m-russells-artwork-sells-for-millions-at-reno-auction/2014/07/31/76a1a67a-1684-11e4-9e3b-7f2f110c6265_story.html|author=Griffith|first=Martin|title=Charles M. Russell's Artwork Sells for Millions at Reno Auction|work=The Washington Post|date=August 2, 2014|accessdate=August 3, 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị a ma ama == [[Faịlụ:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_Buccaroos_(1902).jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|''Buccaroos'', 1902]] Ọrụ Russell nwere ọtụtụ isiokwu dị iche iche, gụnyere ihe ndị mere n'akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndụ kwa ụbọchị n'ọdịda anyanwụ. Ọrụ ya pụtara ìhè maka ugboro ole o ji gosi ihe omume ndị a ma ama site n'echiche nke ndị Obodo Amerịka kama echiche nke ndị na-abụghị ndị Obodo. A maara ya maka ileba anya nke ọma n'ihe gbasara mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na izi ezi nke o ji gosipụta uwe na ngwa nke ma ndị ehi na ndị obodo. Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na-amụ ọrụ ụmụ nwanyị n'ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ akatọla nkọwa Russell banyere ụmụ nwanyị. Ha na-ahụ ọkwa dị iche iche nke mmetụta uche n'ihe osise ya nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha na ndị obodo, ebe o yiri ka ọ na-ebufe mmekọahụ site na ndị ọcha gaa na ụmụ nwanyị ndị obodo, iji kwekọọ n'ụkpụrụ omume na echiche nke ụmụ nwanyị n'oge ya. A na-egosi ọtụtụ ihe osise Russell nke ụmụ nwanyị ọcha dị ka "ndị dị ọcha" na ndị na-abụghị ndị mmekọ nwoke na nwanyị, ewezuga ihe osise ndị ahụ kpọmkwem na-egosi ndị akwụna. N'ụzọ dị iche, usoro ihe osise Keeoma ise ya na onyonyo ndị yiri ya na-egosi nwanyị obodo nwere mmetụta uche. E dekọrọ ha site na nkwupụta na Keeoma bụ ezigbo nwanyị Russell hụrụ n'anya. E nwere foto ndị gosiri na ihe nlereanya nke onyonyo ndị a bụ nwunye Russell, Nancy. <ref name="Armitage">{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/womenswest00armi|quote=keeoma story of.|author=Susan Armitage|title=The Women's West|year=1987|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=9780806120430|accessdate=2012-05-05}}</ref> === Ndụ onye na-agba ịnyịnya === <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> Faịlụ:LaughKillsLonesome.jpg|alt=Laugh Kills Lonesome, oil on canvas, 1925. Along with Bronc to Breakfast and In Without Knocking, arguably the most famous of Russell's "cowboy" paintings.| ''Ọchị Na-egbu Naanị Mmadụ'', mmanụ n'elu ákwà, 1925. Tinyere ''Bronc to Breakfast'' and ''In Without Knocking'', ihe osise Russell kacha mara amara. Faịlụ:Bronc_Breakfast_web.jpg|alt=Bronc to Breakfast, oil, 1908| ''Bronc ruo nri ụtụtụ'', mmanụ, 1908 Faịlụ:Charles_Marion_Russell_–_In_Without_Knocking_–_Google_Art_Project.jpg|alt=In Without Knocking 1909| ''Na-enweghị ịkụ aka'' na 1909 Faịlụ:Russell_Loops_and_Swift_Horses_are_Surer_than_Lead_1916.jpg|alt=Loops and Swift Horses are Surer than Lead, 1916| ''Ịnyịnya ndị a na-akpọ Loops na Swift Horses dị ike karịa Lead'', 1916 Faịlụ:HerdQuit.jpg|alt=The Herd Quitter, oil on canvas, 1897| ''Ihe e ji kpụọ ihe n'ime ákwà'', mmanụ e ji mee ihe n'elu ákwà, 1897 Faịlụ:Roundup2CMR.jpg|alt=Roundup #2, oil 1913| ''Nchịkọta #2'', mmanụ 1913 Faịlụ:Cowpunching_Sometimes_Spells_Trouble.jpg|alt=Cowpunching Sometimes Spells Trouble, 1889, Oil on canvas, Sid Richardson Museum, Fort Worth, Texas| ''Ịkụ ehi mgbe ụfọdụ na-akpata nsogbu'', 1889, Mmanụ n'elu ákwà, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Sid Richardson, Fort Worth, Texas <ref name="sidrichardsonmuseum.org">{{Cite web|url=https://www.sidrichardsonmuseum.org/|title=Home - Sid Richardson Museum - Fort Worth, Texas|accessdate=2016-06-30|archivedate=2021-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512215956/https://sidrichardsonmuseum.org/}}</ref> Faịlụ:When_Cowboys_Get_in_Trouble_(The_Mad_Cow).jpg|alt=When Cowboys Get in Trouble (The Mad Cow), 1899, Oil on canvas, Sid Richardson Museum, Fort Worth, Texas| ''Mgbe Ndị Cowboys Nọ n'Ọnọdụ Nsogbu (The Mad Cow)'', 1899, Mmanụ n'elu ákwà, Ụlọ Ihe Ngosi Ihe Mgbe Ochie Sid Richardson, Fort Worth, Texas <ref name="sidrichardsonmuseum.org" /> </gallery> === Ndị Obodo Amerịka === <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> Faịlụ:Russell_charles_marion-the_cryer.jpg|alt=The Cryer, bronze sculpture| Ihe ọkpụkpụ ọla nchara nke a ''kpọrọ The Cryer'' Faịlụ:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_Cree_Indian.jpg| ''Cree Indian'' Faịlụ:CM_Russell_The_Scouts.jpeg|alt=The Scouts| ''Ndị Skọt'' Faịlụ:CM_Russell_When_Blackfoot_And_Sioux_Meet.jpeg|alt=When Blackfoot and Sioux Meet| ''Mgbe Blackfoot na Sioux Zukọrọ'' Faịlụ:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_Buffalo_Hunt.jpg|alt=Buffalo Hunt| ''Ịchụ nta Buffalo'' Faịlụ:The_Marriage_Ceremony_(Indian_Love_Call).jpg|alt=The Marriage Ceremony (Indian Love Call), 1894, Oil on cardboard, Sid Richardson Museum, Fort Worth, Texas| ''Emume Alụmdi na Nwunye (Oku Ịhụnanya Ndị India)'', 1894, Mmanụ e tinyere na katọn, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Sid Richardson, Fort Worth, Texas <ref name="sidrichardsonmuseum.org" /> Faịlụ:Bringing_Up_the_Trail.jpg|alt=Bringing Up the Trail, 1895, Oil on canvas, Sid Richardson Museum, Fort Worth, Texas| ''Ịmalite Ụzọ'', 1895, Mmanụ n'elu ákwà, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Sid Richardson, Fort Worth, Texas <ref name="sidrichardsonmuseum.org" /> Faịlụ:Maney_Snows_Have_Fallen...(Letter_from_Ah-Wa-Cous_(Charles_Russell)_to_Short_Bull).jpg|alt=Maney Snows Have Fallen...(Letter from Ah-Wa-Cous (Charles Russell) to Short Bull), ca.1909 - 1910, Watercolor, pen & ink on paper, Sid Richardson Museum, Fort Worth, Texas| ''Maney Snow Adaala... (Akwụkwọ ozi sitere n'aka Ah-Wa-Cous (Charles Russell) gaa na Short Bull)'', ihe dịka 1909 - 1910, Mmiri mmiri, pen na ink n'akwụkwọ, Ụlọ ihe ngosi nka Sid Richardson, Fort Worth, Texas <ref name="sidrichardsonmuseum.org" /> </gallery> === Ụmụ nwanyị === === Ndị ọzọ === <gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> Faịlụ:Camp_Cook's_Troubles_by_Charles_Marion_Russell.jpg|alt=Camp Cook's Troubles| ''Nsogbu nke Onye Na-esi Nri n'ogige'' Faịlụ:Blackfeet_Burning_Crow_Buffalo_Range.jpg|alt=Burning Crow Buffalo Range| ''Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na-ere ọkụ nke na-ere ọkụ nke oke bekee'' Faịlụ:Utica_(A_Quiet_day_in_Utica).jpg|alt=Utica (A Quiet day in Utica), 1907| ''Utica (Ụbọchị Nọrọ N'udo na Utica)'', 1907 Faịlụ:Deer_in_Forest_(White_Tailed_Deer).jpg|alt=Deer in Forest (White Tailed Deer), 1917, Oil on canvasboard| ''Mgbada n'ime Oke ọhịa (Mgbada ọdụ ọcha)'', 1917, Mmanụ n'elu kanvasboard <ref name="sidrichardsonmuseum.org" /> </gallery><gallery mode="packed" heights="160"> Faịlụ:Chinook2.gif|alt=Waiting for a Chinook, also known as Last of the 5000. One of several depictions of the winter of 1886–87| ''Na-eche Chinook'', nke a makwaara dị ka ''Ikpeazụ nke 5000.'' Otu n'ime ọtụtụ ihe osise nke oge oyi nke 1886–87 Faịlụ:Flying_hoofs_-_Charles_M_Russell_(1894).jpg|alt=Flying hoofs, 1894| ''Akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-efe efe'', 1894 Faịlụ:To_The_Victor_Belongs_The_Spoils_by_Charles_Marion_Russell.jpg|alt=To The Victor Belongs The Spoils| ''Nke Victor bụ ihe ndị a na-emebu'' </gallery> === Ihe omume akụkọ ihe mere eme === <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> Faịlụ:Indians_DiscoveringLC.jpg|alt=The Indians discovering Lewis and Clark. Russell depicted various stages of the Lewis and Clark Expedition in a number of works.| ''Ndị India chọpụtara Lewis na Clark'' . Russell gosipụtara ọtụtụ usoro nke Lewis na Clark Expedition n'ọtụtụ ọrụ. Faịlụ:Lewis_and_clark-expedition.jpg|alt=Lewis and Clark on the Lower Columbia.| ''Lewis na Clark dị na Lower Columbia'' . Faịlụ:Charles_Marion_Russell_-_The_Custer_Fight_(1903).jpg|alt=The Custer Fight (lithograph, 1903). Depicts the Battle of the Little Bighorn from the point of view of the Native American combatants.| ''Ọgụ Custer'' ( lithograph, afọ 1903). Ọ na-egosi Agha nke Little Bighorn site n'echiche nke ndị agha obodo Amerịka. </gallery> == Hụkwa == * Earl W. Bascom, onye na-ese ihe/onye na-akpụ ihe nke Charlie Russell nwere mmetụta na ndị mmekọ ya. * Charles Beil, onye na-akpụ ihe osise na onye na-akwado Russell * Harold Dow Bugbee, onye omenkà ọdịda anyanwụ nke Russell metụtara * Dan Muller, onye omenkà cowboy nke CM Russell metụtara * JK Ralston, onye omenkà ọdịda anyanwụ * Frederic Remington, onye omenkà ọdịda anyanwụ == Edesibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dpskovfuv66rq99w4smgkf8ivtoonur 0 76782 656675 656013 2026-06-22T15:41:53Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656675 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Multiple issues/styles.css"></templatestyles> <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Ike sitere n’ihe ndị dị ndụ nke [[Obodo Békè|Europe]]''' (nke a maara n'oge gara aga dị ka AEBIOM) bụ òtù azụmahịa Europe na-emeghe maka òtù biomass mba na ụlọ ọrụ bioenergy na-arụ ọrụ na Europe. E hiwere ya na 1990 n'okpuru nduzi nke onye omeiwu France Michel Souplet na ebumnuche ịkwalite mmepụta ike site na biomass n'ụdị ya niile: ike sitere n' ihe ndi di ndu, oku sitere n' ihe ndi di ndu, ma ọ bụ mmanụ sitere n' ihe ndi di ndu maka njem. Ike sitere n’ihe ndị dị ndụ nke Europe bụ nzukọ nche anwụ nke European Pellet Council (EPC), <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://epc.bioenergyeurope.org/|title=European Pellet Council – The voice of the wood pellet sector in Europe|work=Epc.bioenergyeurope.org|accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref> na International Biomass Torrefaction Council (IBTC). <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ibtc.bioenergyeurope.org/|title=IBTC – International Biomass Torrefaction Council|work=Ibtc.bioenergyeurope.org|accessdate=3 February 2019|archivedate=21 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210321130816/https://ibtc.bioenergyeurope.org/}}</ref> Ike sitere n’ihe ndị dị ndụ nke Europe nwere asambodo mba ụwa abụọ maka <a href="./Wood_fuel" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="123" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Wood fuel&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Campfire_at_Bramble_Bield.jpg/120px-Campfire_at_Bramble_Bield.jpg&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:53},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Wood used as fuel for combustion&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q1642788&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;label&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwGg" title="Wood fuel">Mmanụ ọkụ pellet</a>. ENplus, na-enye asambodo nke osisi pellet <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://enplus-pellets.eu/en-in/|title=ENplus - Home|work=Enplus-pellets.eu|accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref> na GoodChips, Na-achọ ịhụ na mma di na obere osisi na mmanụ ọkụ sitere n’osisi (hog fuel). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioenergyeurope.org/activities/european-ongoing-projects/goodchips-wood-chips-certification/|title=GoodChips®- Wood Chip certification · Bioenergy Europe|work=Bioenergyeurope.org|accessdate=3 February 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180821151956/https://bioenergyeurope.org/activities/european-ongoing-projects/goodchips-wood-chips-certification/|archivedate=21 August 2018}}</ref> == Ọchịchị == Dị ka otu azụmahịa nke Europe, ndị otu Ike sitere n’ihe ndị dị ndụ Europe na-ahụ maka ọchịchị (lee ndepụta dị n'okpuru) ma hazie ya gburugburu Nzukọ Ezumezu, otu ndị nduzi na otu ndị isi na-ekpebi atụmatụ atụmatụ na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke nzukọ ahụ dabere na ndụmọdụ nke Bioenergy European's Working Groups and Secretariat.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bioenergyeurope.org/about-us/governance/|title=Governance · Bioenergy Europe|work=Bioenergyeurope.org|accessdate=3 February 2019}}</ref> == Ndị otu == Ndị otu ya gụnyere ndị na-emepụta ihe na ndị na-ere ahịa, ndị na-eweta ngwá ọrụ, ndị na'emepụta ike, ndị na na-emepụta ọkụ ọkụ na stove, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha na mmepe, ndị na -enye ọrụ, ndị ọrụ asambodo, ụlọ ọrụ ike na-agbanwe agbanwe, òtù nkwado, na ụlọ ọrụ ego na itinye ego. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Join us now|url=https://bioenergyeurope.org/join-us-now/|accessdate=2025-07-25|work=Bioenergy Europe|language=en-US}}</ref> === Njikọ Mba (39) === * Òtù Biomass nke Austria - [http://www.biomasseverband.at/home/ ABA] * Òtù Ndị Na-eme Egwú nke Austria - Ndị Na-emepụta Egwú nke[https://www.propellets.at/ Propelts Austria] * Njikọ Biomass nke Bosnia na Herzegovina - [http://www.biomass-association.ba/ Udruženje Biomasa u Bosni na Hercegovini] * Belgium Renewable Energy trade federation - EDORA[https://www.edora.org Oge Anyị] * Njikọ azụmaahịa pellet osisi nke Belgium - FEBHEL[https://www.febhel.be Ụbọchị Iche] * [[Canadian Pellets Association|Òtù Ndị Pellets nke Canada]] - [https://www.pellet.org/ WPAC] * Central Agricultural Raw Material Marketing and Development network - [https://www.carmen-ev.de/ C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.] * Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Akụnụba nke Croatia - [https://hgk.hr/ Hrvatska Gospodarska Komora] * Òtù Croatian nke Biomass, Pellets na Associated Technologies - CROBIOM[http://www.drvnipelet.hr/ Ihe omuma] * Czech Biomass Association - [http://czbiom.cz/en/ CZ-BIOM] * Ìgwè Pellets nke Czech - [http://www.ceska-peleta.cz/ Česká peleta, z.s.p.o] * Òtù Biomass nke Denmark - [https://www.danskindustri.dk/brancher/di-energi/di-bioenergi/ DI Bioenergy] * Òtù Pellets nke Denmark - [http://www.enplus-pellets.dk/ Propelts Denmark FMBA] * Njikọ Biomass nke Ojiji Ike - [https://www.euba.bg EUBA] * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ike Ọhụrụ nke Estonia - [https://www.taastuvenergeetika.ee/en/ EREA] * French Renewable Energy Industries Association - [https://www.enr.fr/ SER - FBE] * French Pellet Association - Propellet France[https://www.propellet.fr Ụgbọelu France] * France Miscanthus * German BioEnergy Association - [https://www.bioenergie.de BBE] * Òtù Ndị Biomass nke Gris - [http://www.hellabiom.gr/?lang=en HELLABIOM] * Italian Agroforestry Energy Association - [https://www.aiel.cia.it/ AIEL] * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ike Ndị Dị Ndụ nke Ireland - [http://www.irbea.org IrBEA] * Latvian Bioenergy Association - LATBIO[http://latbio.lv/en/home/ Ihe na-egbu egbu] * Lithuanian Bioenergy Association - LITBIOMA[http://www.biokuras.lt/titulinis.html Ihe omuma] * Òtù Norwegian Bioenergy - NOBIO[http://nobio.no/ Nkwụsị] * Polish Biomass Association - POLBIOM[http://www.polbiom.pl/ ỤMỌ Bụ Mgbalị] * Kansụl Pellet nke Poland - [https://www.polskaradapelletu.org Polska Rada Pelletu] * Òtù Pellet Portuguese - [https://www.anpeb.pt ANPEB] * Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ike Ọhụrụ nke Portugal - APREN[https://www.apren.pt Nkwupụta] * Òtù Romanian nke Biomass na Biogas - [https://www.arbio.ro/ ARBIO] * Russian Bioenergy Association - ENBIO[https://www.enbio.ru/ Ihe mgbochi] * Òtù Bionenergy nke Spain - [https://www.avebiom.org/es/ AVEBIOM] * Spanish Renewable Energies Association - [https://www.appa.es/ APPA] * Swedish Bioenergy Association - [https://www.svebio.se/english SVEBIO] * Swedish Wood-Fuel Association - [https://www.tradbransle.se Svenska Trädbränsleföreningern] * Swiss Pellets Association - [https://www.propellets.ch/ ProPellets Switzerland] * UK Pellet Council - UK Pellet Kansụl[https://www.pelletcouncil.org.uk/ Kansụl Pellet nke UK] * Ukrainian Bioenergy Association - [https://uabio.org/en/ UBA] * Nkwalite nke Biomass na Belgium - [http://www.valbiom.be/ ValBiom] === Ndị ọkà mmụta (7) === * Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha na Teknụzụ Hellas - CERTH[http://www.certh.gr - Ebe Obibi] * Ụlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Ike nke Netherlands - [http://www.ecn.nl ECN] * [[European Institute for Energy Research]] - EIFER[https://www.eifer.kit.edu/ EBIGỌ MBI] * Mahadum [https://heig-vd.ch/ HEIG-VD] - HEIG-VP * National Renewable Energy Centre - [http://www.cener.com/ CENER - CIEMAT Foundation] * Walloon Agricultural Research Centre - [http://www.cra.wallonie.be Cra-w] * [[Wood Technology Institute|Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà na Ụzụ Osisi]] === Ụlọ ọrụ (81) === * AIREX Ike inc. - Airex Energy[http://www.airex-energy.com Ike ikuku] * [http://www.albioma.com ALBIOMA] - ALBIOMA * [http://www.akahl.de Amandus Kahl] GmbH & Co.KG - Amandus Kahr * [http://americanbiocarbon.com American BiocarbonA] LLC - American Biocarc * AR-TU Kimya Sanayi hụrụ Ticaret A.Ş. - AR-TU Kimya Sanayi na-abịa na Ticaret[http://www.artukimya.com/anasayfa-!1 AR-TU Kimya Sanayi na-ahụ Ticaret] * Arigna Fuels Ltd.- ArignaFuels[http://www.arignafuels.ie Mmanụ Arigna] * BIO ECO ENERGY COMPANY - [http://www.beeco.hr Beeko] * BioEndev - [www.bioendev.se/ BioEndev] * [http://www.biofin.eu BIOFIN] Sprl - BIOFINE * [http://www.biopale.com Injinia Biopale] - Injinia biopale * [http://www.biowanze.be Biowanze] - Biowanze * Bord na Móna - Bord na Mona[https://www.bordnamona.ie Ụgbọ mmiri na Monaco] * [http://www.cadelsrl.com Cadel] srl - Cadel * Clean Electricity Generation B.V. - [http://cegeneration.com/ CEG] * [http://www.cleantektrade.com Azụmaahịa Cleantek] - Azụmaịa Cleantek * [http://www.cnim.com/ CNIM] - CNIM * Cockerill Maintenance na Injinịa SA - CMI Group[http://www.cmigroupe.com/ Òtù CMI] * [http://www.cplindustries.co.uk/ CPL] Industries Limited - CPL * [http://www.cpmeurope.nl CPM Europe] B.V - CPM Europe * [http://www.denoudengroep.com Den Ouden] Greenrecycling B.V. - Den Ouden * DISTRI & DESIGN sprl (SUTI) - [https://www.suti.be/] * [https://www.dnvgl.com/ DNV GL] Netherlands B.V - DNVGL * Ike [http://www.drax.com Drax] - Drax * [http://www.drufire.com DRU] Verwarming BV - DRU * Eastman Chemical - [https://www.eastman.com Eastman Chemical] * Electricite nke France - [http://www.edf.fr/en/the-edf-group EDF] * EDF [https://edfluminus.edf.com/en/meta-home/edf-luminus Luminus] - Luminus * [http://www.ekmangroup.com/ Ekman] & Co AB - Ekman * Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-enye Ọkụ - [https://www.esb.ie/ ESB] * Enea Trading Sp. z o.o. - Enia[https://www.enea.pl/pl/eneatrading Enweghị eriri] * ENGIE Lab Laborelec - ENGIE[http://www.engie.com Ịgbaghara] * Enviva - [http://www.envivabiomass.com Enviva] * EP Power Europe A.S. - EP Power Europe[http://www.eppowereurope.cz EP Ike Europe] * Euro Energies - Euro Energies[http://www.woodstock-bois.fr Ike Euro] * Euronext - Euronext[http://www.euronext.com Ihe odide Euronext] * Biomass Europe - Biomass European[http://www.ebiomass.eu Biomass nke Europe] * EXOFLAM SAS - EXOFLam[http://www.exoflam.fr Ịchụpụ] * Forest Value Investment Management S.A. - Forest Value Investment Management[http://www.fvim.lu/ Nchịkwa Mkpụrụ Ego Ọhịa] * [http://www.fortum.com Fortum] Oyj - Fortum * Generandi SL - GENERANDI[http://www.generandi.com Ọmụmụ] * [http://www.glendimplex.nl Glen Dimplex Benelux] - Glen Dimplev Benelux * Granorama - Granorama[http://www.granorama.com Nnukwu ihe nkiri] * [https://www.hawkinswright.com/ Hawkins Wright] Ltd.- Hawkins Wright * HOFOR Mmepụta Ike - HOFOR[https://www.hofor.dk Ụzọ E Si Eme Ihe] * [http://www.biomasseconsulting.de IB Biomasseconsulting] - IB Biomassaconsulting * Inspectorate International Ltd. - Inspectorate Internationale[http://www.bureauveritas.com/ Ndị Nnyocha Mba Nile] * [http://www.jeferco.com/ Jeferco Pellets] - Jeferco * [https://www.jord.one/ Jọdan] AB - Jọdan * [https://www.komptech.com/ Komptech] GmbH - Komptech * [http://www.kwb.net KWB] GmbH - KWB * LC Energy Limited - LC Energy[http://www.lcenergy.co.uk Ike LC] * [http://www.marquard-bahls.com Marquard & Bahls] AG - Marquard& Bahls * [http://www.metgen.com MetGen] Oy - MetGen * Mikkeli Development Miksei Ltd - Mmepe Miksei[http://www.mikseimikkeli.fi/ Mmepe nke Miksei] * Nkà na ụzụ Carbon nke Mba * NAWARO ENERGIE Betrieb GmbH - NAWARo ENERGIA[http://www.nawaro-energie.at Ntinye aka na NAWARO] * [https://newfuels.eu/ NewFuels RSEZ] SIA - NewFuels * [https://www.nextfuel.com NextFuel AB] - NextFuelAB * [https://www.northstar.pl Northstar Poland] LLC - Northstar Poland * Nkwupụta na ịzụ ahịa Ltda. - [https://www.novaliscc.com Nkwado na Ahịa] * [https://www.nyvraa.dk Ny Vraa Bioenergy] I/S - Ny Vraa Bienergy * [https://www.okofen.be ÖkoFEN] Belgium - ÖkoFèn * [https://www.palazzettigroup.com/en/ Palazzetti] Lelio S.p.A. - Palazzetti * [https://www.onepeterson.com Peterson Rotterdam] B.V. - Peterson Rotterdam * [https://www.polytechnik.com Polytechnik] GmbH - Polytechnik * Pöyry Management Consulting Ltd - Pöyry Administration Consulting[https://www.poyry.com Ntụziaka Nlekọta Pöyry] * [https://newfuels.eu/ RAGT Ike] - RAGT Ike * RWE Ọgbọ NL BV - [https://www.rwe.com/rwe-generation-se RWE] * [https://www.salixenergi.se SalixEnergi Europe] AB - SalixEnerji Europa * Scandbio AB - Scandbio[https://www.scandbio.com Ihe ihere] * [https://www.schiedel.com Schiedel] GmbH - Schiedel * [https://www.sekab.com/ SEKAB E-Technology] AB - SEKAB e-Technology * [[Söderenergi]] AB - Söderenergi * [https://www.statkraft.com Statkraft] - Statkraft * Stora Enso Wood Products - [https://www.storaenso.com Stora Enso] * [https://www.stuv.com Stuv] SA - Stûv * [https://www.sveaskog.se/en/ Sveaskog] - Sveaskog * Teal Sales Incorporated (TSI) - TSI[https://tsi-inc.net/biomasswood/ IST] * Torr-Coal International B.V. - International[https://www.torrcoal.com/ Mba Nile] * [https://www.total.com/ Ngụkọta] Ahịa na Ọrụ - Ngụkọta * [https://www.traditiongreen.com Omenala Green] - Omenala Verde * [https://www.turboden.com/ Turboden] - Turboden * US Industrial Pellet Association ([https://www.theusipa.org/ USIPA]) - USIPA * Valmet Oy - [https://www.valmet.com Valmet] * Vapo Oy - [https://www.vapo.com Vapo Oy] * Veolia Mpaghara SA - Veolia[https://www.veolia.com Veolia Ebe obibi] * [https://www.victam.com Mmeri] mba ụwa Bv - Mmeri * Ọhịa & Onye mmekọ == Hụkwa == * Òtù Ụwa Na-ahụ Maka Ike Sitere n'ihe Ndi Dị Ndụ * Mmanụ ọkụ pellet == Ihe odide == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://bioenergyeurope.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Bioenergy Europe] * [https://epc.bioenergyeurope.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ EPC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421091117/https://ibtc.bioenergyeurope.org/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ IBTC] E debere Wayback Machine * [http://www.enplus-pellets.eu/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ENplus] {{Authority control}} 1wqch0wp32zx98i3xocbg8m8ll0hexj 0 76800 656710 656090 2026-06-23T02:42:31Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656710 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Claudia Pía Baudracco''' (22 Ọktoba 1970 - 18 Machị 2012) bụ onye Argentina na-eme ihe maka ikike [[Ikike ụmụ nwanyị|ụmụ nwanyị]], ndị na-enwe mmekọahụ, na Ndị LGBT. == Akụkọ ndụ == A mụrụ Baudracco na 22 Ọktoba 1970 na La Carlota, Córdoba Province. O biri oge ntorobịa ya na ezinụlọ ya na Venado Tuerto, wee kwaga Buenos Aires.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.diariocontexto.com.ar/2015/03/18/claudia-pia-baudracco-volveria-a-elegir-ser-trans-porque-asi-soy-feliz/|title=Claudia Pía Baudracco: 'volvería a elegir ser trans porque así soy feliz'|work=Diario Contexto|language=Spanish|date=2015-03-18|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> N'ihi njirimara nwoke na nwanyị ya, ọ tara ahụhụ na mmeso ọjọọ ma gaa mba ọzọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ, nke mbụ na Uruguay na Europe.<ref name="colectivo" /> == Mgbalị == Na 25 Juun 1993, Baudracco, ya na María Belén Correa na ndị ọzọ na-akwado ndị ọzọ, hiwere Association of Travestis nke Argentina (Asociación de Travestis de Argentina) ma bụrụ onye nhazi ya ruo 1995. Mgbe e mesịrị, a ga-akpọ otu a Argentine Travesti Transsexual Transgender Association (Asociación Travestis Transsexuales Transgéneros Argentinas; ATTTA). Site na nkwado nke otu a, ọ ga-edu ndị otu maka iwepụ Códigos de Faltas na mpaghara 15; koodu ndị a mere ka njirimara trans mebie iwu. Ihe si na ya pụta bụ iwepụ ha n'ọtụtụ mpaghara.<ref name="documental" /> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ilga.org/es/organizaciones-trans-reclaman-la-modificaci-n-del-c-digo-de-faltas|title=Organizaciones trans reclaman la modificación del Código de Faltas|publisher=[[International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association]]|language=Spanish|date=2010-09-23|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> Baudracco mere mkpọsa maka nkwado nke Gender Identity Law, nke nyere ndị trans ikike inwe aha ha họọrọ na ịnweta nlekọta ahụike.<ref name="colectivo">{{Cite web|url=https://perio.unlp.edu.ar/node/1910|title=Murió Claudia Pia Baudracco, activista por los derechos del colectivo trans|first=Claudia|author=Vásquez Haro|publisher=[[National University of La Plata]]|language=Spanish|accessdate=2019-06-28|archivedate=2018-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404135004/http://perio.unlp.edu.ar/node/1910}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFVásquez_Haro">Vásquez Haro, Claudia. &#x5B;Murió Claudia Pia Baudracco, Activist for the Rights of the Trans Community, Dies&#x5D; (in Spanish). [[National University of La Plata]]. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180404135004/http://perio.unlp.edu.ar/node/1910 the original] on 4 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> Na Septemba 2005, ọ bụ onye hiwere ma bụrụkwa onye otu ndị isi nke Federation of Argentina de Lesbianas, Gays, Bisexuales y Trans; FALGBT). Na 2008, o mere ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi na nyocha dịka onye otu Country Coordinating Mechanism nke The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. <ref>{{Cite book|url=http://files.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/knowyourresponse/countryprogressreports/2010countries/argentina_2010_country_progress_report_es.pdf|title=Informe nacional sobre los progresos realizados en la aplicación del UNGASS – Argentina enero de 2008 – diciembre de 2009|first=María de los Ángeles|author=Commisso|publisher=[[Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS]]|language=Spanish|date=2010-03-31|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> ọrụ ọ rụrụ na Ministry of Health's Directorate of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.msal.gob.ar/prensa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=410:condolencias-por-fallecimiento-de-militante-por-la-identidad-de-genero-y-la-no-discriminacion-sexual&catid=1:noticias410|title=Condolencias por fallecimiento de militante por la identidad de género y la no discriminación sexual|publisher=[[Ministry of Health (Argentina)|Ministry of Health]]|language=Spanish|date=2012-03-19|accessdate=2019-06-28|archivedate=4 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404135018/http://www.msal.gob.ar/prensa/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=410:condolencias-por-fallecimiento-de-militante-por-la-identidad-de-genero-y-la-no-discriminacion-sexual&catid=1:noticias410}}</ref> Claudia Pía Baudracco nwụrụ n'ụlọ ya na Buenos Aires na 18 Machị 2012. Ọ gara n'enweghị nyocha ahụike n'ọtụtụ oge nke ndụ ya, ọ nweghịkwa ike iji usoro nlekọta ahụike nke Gender Identity Law mee ihe, dịka e mere ya obere oge ka ọ nwụsịrị.<ref name="Cupo">{{Cite news|url=https://www.laizquierdadiario.com/Cupo-laboral-un-derecho-pendiente-para-las-personas-trans|title=Cupo laboral, un derecho pendiente para las personas trans|first=Eluney|author=Aguirre|work=La Izquierda Diario|language=Spanish|date=2018-03-18|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sentidog.com/lat/2012/03/fallecio-claudia-pia-baudracco/|title=Falleció Claudia Pia Baudracco|publisher=SentidoG|language=Spanish|date=2012-03-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321114544/http://www.sentidog.com/lat/2012/03/fallecio-claudia-pia-baudracco/|archivedate=2012-03-21|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> == Ụbọchị Nkwalite nke Ikike nke Ndị Trans == [[Faịlụ:Día_de_la_Promoción_de_los_Derechos_de_las_Personas_Trans_casa_lgbt_santa_fe.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ihe omume ọdịnala na CASA LGBT nke Santa Fe maka 2018 Day of the Promotion of the Rights of Transgender People]] Iji kwanyere Claudia Pía Baudracco ùgwù, Ndị omeiwu obodo Buenos Aires wepụtara iwu na 13 June 2013, na-ahọpụta 18 March, ụbọchị ọ nwụrụ, dị ka "Ụbọchị Nkwalite nke Ikike nke Ndị Trans".<ref name="Cupo/ref">{{Cite news|url=http://www.telam.com.ar/notas/201403/55791-se-conmemora-por-primera-vez-el-dia-de-la-promocion-de-los-derechos-de-las-personas-trans.html|title=Se conmemora por primera vez el Día de la Promoción de los Derechos de las Personas Trans|language=Spanish|date=2014-03-18|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> E mere nke a na 15 Julaị. <ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www2.cedom.gob.ar/es/legislacion/normas/leyes/ley4578.html|title=Ley 4578 – 'Día de la Promoción de los Derechos de las Personas Trans'|journal=Boletín Oficial del Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires|language=Spanish|date=2013-07-31|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> == Ihe nkiri == N'afọ 2015, e gosipụtara ihe nkiri banyere ya, Si te viera tu madre... Huellas de una leona (n'asụsụ Bekee: ''Ọ bụrụ na nne gị nwere ike ịhụ gị: Ụzọ ụkwụ nke ọdụm''), nke Andrés Rubiño duziri na Patricia Rasmussen nke ATTA, na Salón Raúl Alfonsín nke Buenos Aires Legislature.<ref name="documental">{{Cite web|url=http://blogs.lanacion.com.ar/boquitas-pintadas/agenda/claudia-pia-baudracco-se-presento-un-documental-sobre-la-activista-trans/|title=Claudia Pía Baudracco: se presentó un documental sobre la activista trans|first=Verónica|author=Dema|work=[[La Nación]] Blogs|language=Spanish|date=2015-04-20|accessdate=2019-06-28|archivedate=2018-04-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134819/http://blogs.lanacion.com.ar/boquitas-pintadas/agenda/claudia-pia-baudracco-se-presento-un-documental-sobre-la-activista-trans/}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDema2015">Dema, Verónica (20 April 2015). &#x5B;Claudia Pía Baudracco: A Documentary About the Trans Activist Presented&#x5D;. ''[[La Nación]] Blogs'' (in Spanish). Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134819/http://blogs.lanacion.com.ar/boquitas-pintadas/agenda/claudia-pia-baudracco-se-presento-un-documental-sobre-la-activista-trans/ the original] on 4 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)]]</ref> == Nkwado == Iji guzobe usoro mkparịta ụka, itinye aka na amụma ọha, na nyocha gbasara ụdị mmekọahụ dị iche iche na Argentina na Latin America, FLACSO Argentina, onye odeakwụkwọ nke amụma ọdịiche mmekọahụ nke Santa Fe Province, na FALGBT mepụtara agụmakwụkwọ Claudia Pía Baudracco maka ọmụmụ ihe doctoral na sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://flacso.org.ar/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Becas-Claudia-Pia-Baudracco-Bases-y-condiciones.pdf|title=Becas 'Claudia Pia Baudracco' de la subsecretaría de políticas dediversidad sexual de la provincia de Santa Fe en el marco del doctorado enciencias sociales de la FLACSO Argentina|publisher=[[Latin American Social Sciences Institute|FLACSO]] Argentina|language=Spanish|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> Na 2012, mmepe malitere na Archivo de la Memoria Trans. Nke a bụ ọrụ Baudracco na María Belén Correa chepụtara, na-anakọta ihe dịka foto, vidiyo, na akwụkwọ akụkọ iji wughachi ihe ncheta trans nke Argentina. Na 2014, ha haziri ihe a kpọrọ La construcción de una Líder n'isi ụlọ ọrụ FALGBT, ya na foto, akwụkwọ ozi, na ihe ndị Baudracco nwere.. N'afọ 2013, e guzobere ụlọ ọrụ akwa Claudia Pía Baudracco na Mar del Plata, nke ụmụ nwanyị 14 nọ n'ógbè ahụ duziri, nke e bu n'obi ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ mmekọahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.0223.com.ar/nota/2013-7-4-cooperativa-textil|title=Aguja, hilo y máquinas de coser: el camino para esquivar la prostitución|first=Luciana|author=Acosta|publisher=0223.com.ar|language=Spanish|date=2013-07-04|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> N'afọ 2017, e meghere Claudia Pía Baudracco Inclusive Health Center, ụlọ ọrụ mbụ dị otú ahụ na Chubut Province, na Comodoro Rivadavia.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.comodoro.gov.ar/desarrollohumano/?p=30516|title=Quedó inaugurado el primer Consultorio Inclusivo de la provincia|publisher=Government of [[Comodoro Rivadavia]]|language=Spanish|accessdate=2019-06-28}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Mariana Casas * María Rachid * Diana Sacayán * Ikike ndị na-agbanwe nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na Argentina == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 4vle2z0o7id5im3ecbssflmqiv8z4al 0 76842 656722 656319 2026-06-23T04:42:32Z ~2026-36470-62 62541 /* */ 656722 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam}}'''Bùi Văn Thanh''' (sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003), thường được biết đến với nghệ danh '''Thanh1''' (đọc là ''Thanh Mốt''), là một nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam. Anh hoạt động trong lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc kỹ thuật số, tập trung vào các thể loại nhạc điện tử, phonk và nhạc không lời. {{Infobox musical artist | name = Bùi Văn Thanh | image = | caption = Thanh1 năm 2026 | birth_name = Bùi Văn Thanh | alias = | birth_date = 17 tháng 4, 2003 | birth_place = Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam | origin = 🇻🇳 Việt Nam | genre = Phonk, EDM, Nhạc điện tử, Nhạc không lời | occupation = Nhạc sĩ, Nhà sản xuất âm nhạc | instrument = | years_active = 2021–nay | label = Độc lập }} == Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp == === 2003–2021: Đầu đời và khởi đầu sự nghiệp === Bùi Văn Thanh sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003 tại Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam trong một gia đình nông dân. Lớn lên trong điều kiện bình thường ở khu vực nông thôn, anh sớm tiếp xúc với công nghệ và dành sự quan tâm đặc biệt cho âm nhạc. Năm 2021, Thanh bắt đầu tìm hiểu và theo đuổi lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc. Trong giai đoạn đầu, anh tập trung sáng tác và sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc thể loại nhạc điện tử (EDM) nhằm phát triển kỹ năng và theo đuổi niềm đam mê âm nhạc. Tuy nhiên, hoạt động âm nhạc trong thời kỳ này chủ yếu mang tính cá nhân và chưa tạo ra nguồn thu nhập ổn định. Năm 2023, Thanh tạm ngừng các hoạt động âm nhạc để tập trung vào lĩnh vực kinh doanh. Tuy nhiên, dự án kinh doanh của anh gặp khó khăn và phải chấm dứt sau một thời gian ngắn hoạt động. Sau đó, anh làm việc trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, nơi anh có cơ hội tiếp cận với các công nghệ số, nền tảng trực tuyến và phương thức phát triển nội dung hiện đại. Trong thời gian hoạt động trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, Thanh đồng thời tham gia sáng tạo nội dung trên mạng xã hội và quản lý các trang thông tin trực tuyến. Từ những kinh nghiệm tích lũy được, anh nhận thấy tiềm năng của việc kết hợp giữa sản xuất âm nhạc và truyền thông số nhằm đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc tiếp cận với nhiều đối tượng khán giả hơn. Sau đó, Thanh quay trở lại hoạt động âm nhạc dưới nghệ danh '''Thanh1'''. Anh tập trung sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc các thể loại như phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử, đồng thời ứng dụng kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực truyền thông để quảng bá và phân phối âm nhạc trên các nền tảng số. Theo các bài viết được đăng tải trên Báo Thái Nguyên và Báo Phú Thọ năm 2026, Thanh1 theo đuổi định hướng đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc số do người Việt Nam sáng tạo tiếp cận thị trường quốc tế thông qua các nền tảng phân phối và truyền thông trực tuyến. == Phong cách âm nhạc == Âm nhạc của Thanh1 chủ yếu thuộc các thể loại phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử. Các sản phẩm của anh thường hướng đến tính ứng dụng trong môi trường truyền thông số, nội dung trực tuyến và các nền tảng chia sẻ video. == Bản phát hành lẻ == {| class="wikitable" !Single Release !Year |- |Dtarlight |2026 |- |Nightlife |2026 |- |Parkour |2026 |- |Drift |2026 |- |Burning |2026 |- |Scene |2026 |- |} * Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/7qNBFXapr96YDgEUm42ccy * YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UCbzkS6xWdQrDi532hRaqX1g == Tham khảo == * {{Cite web|url=https://baothainguyen.vn/van-hoa/van-hoc-nghe-thuat/202606/khat-vong-lan-toa-am-nhac-viet-ra-the-gioi-cua-music-producer-bui-van-thanh-64c5f22/|title=Khát vọng lan tỏa âm nhạc Việt ra thế giới của Music Producer Bùi Văn Thanh|website=Báo Thái Nguyên}} * {{Cite web|url=https://baophutho.vn/bui-van-thanh-tren-hanh-trinh-dua-am-nhac-so-viet-nam-ra-thi-truong-quoc-te-255644.htm|title=Bùi Văn Thanh trên hành trình đưa âm nhạc số Việt Nam ra thị trường quốc tế|website=Báo Phú Thọ}} 95x7djrkijxzjpctws9l67m9tdefbha 0 76875 656704 656449 2026-06-23T01:39:10Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 656704 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Christopher 'Pere' Ajuwa''' (23 Nọvemba 1941 - 31 Jenụwarị 2017) bụ nwoke mbụ si n'ógbè Niger Delta nke [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na-agba ọsọ maka ọfịs [[Ishi ochíchì Naigeria|Onye isi ala Naijiria]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://punchng.com/ex-presidential-candidate-pere-ajuwa-dies/|title=Ex-presidential candidate, Pere Ajuwa, dies|date=31 January 2017|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == A mụrụ Christopher 'Pere' Ajuwa na steeti [[Ȯra Bayelsa|Bayelsa]], nke dị na South Nigeria, na mpaghara Niger Delta. N'afọ 1993, Pere banyere na ntuli aka onye isi ala megide Alhaji Bashir Tofa n'okpuru usoro ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị nke National Republican Convention (NRC). N'ikpeazụ, na 2003 na 2007, ọ gbara ọsọ maka onye isi ala nke Naijiria megide Onye isi ala [[Muhammadu Buhari]] (2015-2019) n'okpuru usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke All Nigeria People Party (ANPP). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=144299|title=Our Campaigns - Candidate - Christopher Pere Ajuwa|work=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> Chief Dr. Christopher Pere Ajuwa nwụrụ na 2017 na Port Harcourt mgbe ọ dị afọ 76. <ref name="auto">{{Cite news|url=https://www.sunnewsonline.com/breaking-pere-ajuwa-dies-at-76/|title=Pere Ajuwa, popular Ijaw politician, dies at 76|date=January 31, 2017|work=[[The Sun (Nigeria)|The Sun]]}}</ref> == Ezinụlọ na nwata == A mụrụ Christopher Pere Ajuwa na 23 Nọvemba 1941 n'ezinụlọ Onye isi Pa Ogongolo Vurudu Ajuwa nke Egbesubiri Quarter, na Chief Ma Mrs. Rachael Diriayefa Ajuwa and Erubiri Quarter of Gbaranraun Obodo, na Lịkaka Gọọmenti na Southern Ijaw nke dị na steeti Bayelsa. === Mmụta === Pere gara Ade Oshodi, ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị dị na mpaghara Westan Nịajirịa, site na 1954 ruo 1960 wee nweta asambodo mbụ ya. Site na 1961 ruo 1964, ọ gara Stella Maris College, Okitipupa, na Ondo Lịkaka Gọọmenti nke Ondo State.<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web|url=https://blerf.org/index.php/biography/ajuwa-christopher-perewari/|title=AJUWA, Christopher Perewari|date=September 20, 2016}}</ref> Ọ gara Government College Technical College Ijebu-Ode, Yaba Trade Centre, Lagos ma nweta Obodo na Nduzi Intermediate na 1968. Ọ hapụrụ Naịjirịa wee gaa Yaba Technical College na Mahadum Glasgow, Scotland ebe ọ nwetara Nzere Asambodo teknụzụ dị eluna 1975. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, na ngwụcha afọ 1970, Pere nọ na Mahadum Worcester, United Kingdom na-amụ Structural Engineering na ọmụmụ injinia ndị ọzọ ma ọ ghọrọ British Certified Technical Injinia Structural na mbido afọ 1980. N'afọ 2006, Pere nwetara nzere masta na Nchịkwa azụmahịa na Mahadum Ekiti State . <ref name="auto4">{{Cite web|url=https://timelesspersons.com/christopher-pere-ajuwa-1941-2017/|title=Christopher Pere Ajuwa (1941-2017)|date=February 16, 2019|accessdate=June 20, 2026|archivedate=June 11, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230611172258/https://www.timelesspersons.com/christopher-pere-ajuwa-1941-2017/}}</ref> === Ọnwụ === N'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke afọ 2016, a chọpụtara na Pere nwere ọrịa kansa prostate. Ọ laghachiri n'ụlọ ya mana ọ hapụrụ ọrụ ọha na eze na nke ọha na eze. Ọ nwụrụ na Mọnde, 31 Jenụwarị 2017 na ebe obibi ya na Port Harcourt . Gọvanọ Seriake Henry Dickson kọwara ọnwụ Pere dị ka ihe mwute, ihe na-awụ akpata oyi n'ahụ na nnukwu mfu nye Gọọmentị na ndị Bayelsa Steeti.<ref name="auto" /> N'ikwu okwu n'ememe olili ozu e mere na Chief DSP Alamieyeseigha Banquet Hall na Yenagoa, iji sọpụrụ onye ahụ nwụrụ anwụ, Dickson kwuru na a ga-echeta onyinye Pere nyere maka uto mmekọrịta na akụ na ụba na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke steeti Bayelsa na Naijiria ruo mgbe ebighị ebi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/pere-ajuwa-epitome-ijaw-struggle-%e2%80%95dickson/|title=Pere Ajuwa was an epitome of the Ijaw struggle ―Dickson » Latest News » Tribune Online|date=April 8, 2017|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]}}</ref> === Ọrụ mmalite === N'afọ 1969, e were Pere n'ọrụ mbụ dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ọrụ na Western State Ụlọ ọrụ Water Corporation na Ibadan. Mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyeere Ụlọ ọrụ Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria kwa na Ibadan (CRIN) dị ka onye injinia na-ahụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na-agwọ mmiri na 1970; ọ rụrụ ọrụ afọ abụọ. Ọ hapụrụ ọnọdụ ahụ iji gaa gụọ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Glasgow na United Kingdom na ngwụcha afọ 1970. Mgbe ọ laghachiri Naịjirịa, Pere ghọrọ onye isi ndụmọdụ injinia, SP Group Engineers na 1977. Ọ banyere na azụmaahịa onwe onye dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ na Ahịa mmanụ ala na mbido afọ 1980. Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ Onyeisi Sịvụl Injinia na Ụlọ ọrụ Prefab na Mba Ofesi Limited. N'afọ 1993, o nyere aka chọta ma chịa Pere Roberto Nịajirịa Limited dị ka odeakwụkwọ ụlọ ọrụ wee ghọọ onye isi nchịkwa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://companycheck.co.uk/company/02856769/PERE-ROBERTO--ASSOCIATES-LIMITED/companies-house-data|title=PERE ROBERTO & ASSOCIATES LIMITED. Free business summary taken from official companies house information. Free alerts. Registered as 02856769|first=company check|author=ltd|work=Company Check}}</ref> === Ndụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === N'afọ 1986, a họpụtara Pere ka ọ bụrụ onye isi oche nke Port Harcourt Chamber of Commerce and Industries. N'afọ 1989, o sonyere ma merie oche nke [[Yenagoa]] Federal Constituency n'ime nzukọ ndị omeiwu nke oge ahụ. N'afọ 1992, e nwere mgbanwe nke usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Naijiria nke mesịrị mụọ National Republican Convention (NRC) na Social Democratic Party (SDP). Pere mechara bụrụ onye guzobere NRC ma kwado Chief Rufus Ada George dị ka Gọvanọ (Jenụwarị 1992 ruo Nọvemba 1993) nke Rivers State ochie. N'afọ 1992, Pere bụ onye na-achọ ịbụ onye isi ala na ikpo okwu nke National Republican Convention (NRC). <ref name="auto3" /> A manyere Pere ịpụ n'ala maka Alhaji Bashiru Torfa onye mechara bụrụ onye na-eburu ọkọlọtọ nke NRC na onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala nke Social Democratic Party - SDP Alhaji MKO Abiola gbara ọsọ na ntuli aka onye isi ala na June 12, 1993 nke a kagburu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.citypeopleonline.com/prominent-celebs-die-port-harcourt-one-week/|title=PROMINENT CELEBS DIE IN PORT HARCOURT IN ONE WEEK|first=Daniji|author=Emmanuel|date=February 14, 2017}}</ref> N'afọ 1998 na Pere ghọrọ onye guzobere All People Party (APP) nke mechara ghọọ All Nigerian Peoples Party (ANPP). Ọ gbara ọsọ na primaries megide onye isi ala ugbu a bụ [[Muhammadu Buhari|Mohammadu Buhari]] ma merie na 2003 na 2007 n'otu n'otu. Ọ gbara ọsọ dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala na ntuli aka onye isi ala n'afọ 2003 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/PartyDetail.html?PartyID=4478|title=Our Campaigns - Political Party - Liberal Democratic (LDPN)|work=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> na 2007 <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/PartyDetail.html?PartyID=3174|title=Our Campaigns - Political Party - Alliance for Democracy (AD)|work=www.ourcampaigns.com}}</ref> na pati Liberal Democratic Party of Nigeria (LDPN) na Alliance for Democracy (AD) n'otu n'otu. <ref name="auto3" />{{Cite web|url=http://armada.ng/former-presidential-candidate-pere-ajuwa-dies-76/|title=Former Presidential candidate, Pere Ajuwa dies at 76|first=Preye|author=Ebiowei|date=January 31, 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEbiowei2017">Ebiowei, Preye (January 31, 2017). [http://armada.ng/former-presidential-candidate-pere-ajuwa-dies-76/ "Former Presidential candidate, Pere Ajuwa dies at 76"].</cite></ref>N'afọ 2003, a manyere ya ka ọ gbapụ na All Nigeria Peoples Party (ANPP) mgbe General Mohammadu Buhari, bụ onye a họpụtara dị ka onye na-akwado onye isi oche, mere ka Pere hapụ pati ahụ. Ebe ọ bụ na ANPP agaghị enye ya tiketi onye isi ala, ọ tụgharịrị gaa na Liberal Democratic Party of Nigeria (LDPN) wee pụta n'ọzọ ọkwa onyeisiala na 2003.[2]You N'ịkwado ntuli aka nke afọ 2007, ọ laghachiri na ANPP ma manye ya ịpụ n'ọkwa maka General [[Muhammadu Buhari|Mohammadu Buhari]]. Alliance for Democracy mechara nabata ya dị ka onye na-azọ ọkwa onye isi ala mgbe onye na-agbachitere ọkwa onye isi oche n'oge ahụ, Chief [[Adebayo Adefarati]] nwụsịrị na mberede. N'afọ 2011, ọ gbara ọsọ iji mejupụta oche Bayelsa Central Senatorial na ikpo okwu nke ANPP ma merie onye na-achị PDP. === Onye na-eme ngagharị iwe === N'afọ 2006, Ajuwa duuru obodo Ijaw 145 n'okpuru nkwado nke ndị Aborigine Ijaw ebubo Shell tupu nnọkọ jikọrọ aka nke National Assembly.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nigerialii.org/ng/judgment/supreme-court/2011/7|title=Chief (Dr.) Pere Ajuwa & Anor. v. The Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria Limited (SC.290/2007)[2011] NGSC 7 (16 December 2011) (SC.290/2007) [1960] NGSC 1 (15 December 2011); &#124; Nigeria Legal Information Institute|work=nigerialii.org}}</ref> Nzukọ nke Mba nyere obodo US $ 1.5 ijeri mmebi dị ka ụgwọ maka mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ kpatara kemgbe ọ malitere nyocha mmanụ na 1956. <ref name="auto3">{{Cite web|url=http://armada.ng/former-presidential-candidate-pere-ajuwa-dies-76/|title=Former Presidential candidate, Pere Ajuwa dies at 76|first=Preye|author=Ebiowei|date=January 31, 2017}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1o7elg2jo1tepwiwsrdu0ldn92xtmf3 1728 76909 656715 656657 2026-06-23T03:57:03Z Akwugo 11031 /* Lists */ 656715 wikitext text/x-wiki There are numerous entries on the Igbo wiktionary but many of these entries need expansion, standardisation, usage examples, pronunciation guides proper definitions and other grammatical informations. This project aims to improve the completeness, quality and accuracy of entries dump on the Wiktionary interface through the interaction of experience editors. Improving these entries is very crucial in ensuring that Igbo speakers, Researchers and linguists have access to accurate and complete linguistic Resources. == Focus == This project will focus mostly on improving existing entries on the Igbo Wiktionary. Selected participants will be assigned Wiktionary pages needing improvement. These improvements will be on moving pages, creating new category, adding categories, linking words, adding pronunciation, fixing grammatical errors, adding usage examples or adding the dialects or words meaning in different languages. '''Note -''' This project is not a contest based project. == Timeline == 23rd June - 15th July 2026 == Venue == Dunhill Restaurant, opposite Everyday Supermarket Awka. == Lists == * [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xyVmGirek4KetykCvkFDXdsXGUgw3trGmik8N0TP0KE/edit?tab=t.0 work list] [[Otú:Igbo Wikimedians User Group]] iq01zfod0xn7dzg65j0x7gp8v0ljatw 0 76910 656666 2026-06-22T12:48:13Z Ginikanwachimamkpa 61353 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1347948425|Saka Isau]]" 656666 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder | name = Saka Isau | honorific_suffix = [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria|SAN]] | office = Attorney General and Commissioner of Justice | office2 = SSG to Kwara State | country = Nigeria | term_start = 4 September 2003 | birth_name = Saka Abimbola Isau | birth_date = March 1955 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|01|04|1955|03||df=y}} | death_place = [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara State]], Nigeria | term_end = 23 March 2011 }} {{Reflist}}{{Infobox officeholder | name = Saka Isau | honorific_suffix = [[Senior Advocate of Nigeria|SAN]] | office = Attorney General and Commissioner of Justice | office2 = SSG to Kwara State | country = Nigeria | term_start = 4 September 2003 | birth_name = Saka Abimbola Isau | birth_date = March 1955 | birth_place = | death_date = {{death date and age|2025|01|04|1955|03||df=y}} | death_place = [[Ilorin]], [[Kwara State]], Nigeria | term_end = 23 March 2011 }} '''Saka Abimbola Isau''' . <ref name="death">{{Cite web|title=Former Kwara State SSG, Saka Isau, Dies at 69, Janazah to hold on Sunday|url=https://thenationalpilot.ng/2025/01/04/former-kwara-state-ssg-saka-isau-dies-at-69-janazah-to-hold-on-sunday/|accessdate=5 January 2025|work=National Pilot Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news|title=Associates, Friends Felicitate Saraki at 61, Hold Special Prayers|url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2023/12/20/associates-friends-felicitate-saraki-at-61-hold-special-prayers/|accessdate=4 January 2025|work=[[This Day]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Adebayo|first=Abdulrazaq|date=5 January 2025|title=Gov Abdulrazaq, Emir mourn late SSG, Saka Issau|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/01/05/gov-abdulrazaq-emir-mourn-late-ssg-saka-issau/|accessdate=5 January 2025|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Isau bụ onye otu People's Democratic Party ma gbaa ọsọ maka tiketi gọvanọ nke pati ahụ na ntuli aka nke afọ 2019, n'akụkụ Bolaji Abdullahi. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Reporter|first=Our|date=20 September 2018|title=Bolaji Abdullahi and the race to Kwara 2019|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/bolaji-abdullahi-and-the-race-to-kwara-2019/|accessdate=4 January 2025|work=[[Nigerian Tribune]]|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Sesan|date=3 September 2018|title=Three declare interest in Kwara gov seat|url=https://punchng.com/three-declare-interest-in-kwara-gov-seat/?amp=#amp_tf=From%20%251$s&aoh=17360232352543&referrer=https://www.google.com|accessdate=4 January 2025|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}</ref> .<ref name="death">{{Cite web|title=Former Kwara State SSG, Saka Isau, Dies at 69, Janazah to hold on Sunday|url=https://thenationalpilot.ng/2025/01/04/former-kwara-state-ssg-saka-isau-dies-at-69-janazah-to-hold-on-sunday/|accessdate=5 January 2025|work=National Pilot Newspaper|language=en-US}}</ref>Isau rụrụ ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche nke iri na anọ nke Nigerian Bar Association alaka Ilorin n'agbata afọ 2000 na 2001.Ọ nwụrụ n'abalị anọ nke ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2025, mgbe ọ dị afọ iri isii na itoolu. == Edemsibia == q5rcoyeraoxy45jb43s35772bo077p7 0 76911 656681 2026-06-22T17:03:33Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1349025390|Anemometer]]" 656681 wikitext text/x-wiki Na meteorology, '''Annemometer''' (nke sitere na άνεμος (ánemos) 'ikuku' na () 'ihe ọ̀tụ̀') bụ ngwaọrụ na-atụ ọsọ na ntụziaka nke . Ọ bụ ngwá ọrụ a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ọnọdụ ụgbọ ihu igwe. Nkọwa mbụ a maara nke anemometer bụ nke onye na-ese ụkpụrụ ụlọ na onye edemede Italian Leon Battista Alberti (site n'afọ 1404 rụọ afọ 1472) n'afọ 1450. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Faịlụ:Leonardo's_anemometer.jpg|thumb|267x267px|Nrụzigharị nke anemometer site n'aka Leonardo da Vinci]] Anemometer agbanweela ntakịrị nke kemgbe mmepe ya na narị afọ nke iri na ise. A na-ekwu na Alberti mepụtara ya n'ihe dịka n'afọ 1450. N'ime narị afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ, gụnyere Robert Hooke (site n'afọ 1635 rụọ afọ 1703), mepụtara nsụgharị nke ha, na ụfọdụ ndị e nyere otuto na-ezighị ezi dị ka onye mepụtara ya. N'afọ 1846, Thomas Romney Robinson (site n'afọ 1792 rụọ n'afọ 1882) meziwanyere imewe ahụ site na iji iko anọ na wiil igwe. N'afọ 1926, onye Canada na-ahụ maka ihu igwe bụ John Patterson (site n'afọ 1872 rụọ afọ 1956) mepụtara anemometer nwere iko atọ, nke Brevoort na Joiner meziwanyere n'afọ 1935. N'afọ 1991, Derek Weston gbakwunyere ikike iji tụọ ụzọ ifufe. N'afọ 1994, Andreas Pflitsch mepụtara sonic anemometer.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.windlogger.com/blogs/news/history-of-the-anemometer|title=History of the Anemometer|publisher=Logic Energy|date=2012-06-18}}</ref> == Anemometers nke ọsọ == === Anemometers nke iko === Ụdị anemometer dị mfe bụ nke Rev. Dr. John Thomas Romney Robinson nke Armagh Observatory chepụtara n'afọ 1845. O nwere iko anọ nke dị n'akụkụ anọ n'ogwe aka dị larịị nke a na-etinye n'elu ogwe aka kwụ ọtọ. Mmiri na-agafe iko ahụ n'akụkụ ọ bụla dị larịị tụgharịrị oghere ahụ na ọnụego nke kwekọrọ na ọsọ nke ifufe. Ya mere, ịgụta ''ntụgharị'' nke oghere ahụ n'ime oge a kapịrị ọnụ mepụtara uru kwekọrọ na nkezi ọsọ ifufe maka ọsọ dịgasị iche iche. Ụdị mgwa ọrụ a ka ana akpọkwa ụdị ngwá ọrụ a rotational anemometer. ==== Iko anọ ==== N'iji anemometer nwere iko anọ, ifufe na-enwekari oghere nke otu iko, ma na-efekwa n'azụ iko nke na-emegide ya. Ebe ọ bụ na oghere oghere nwere coefficient drag nke .38 n'akụkụ okirikiri na 1.42 n'akụkụ oghere, a na-emepụta ike ọzọ na iko na-egosi akụkụ ya oghere n'ikuku. N'ihi ike a na-enweghị atụ, a na-emepụta torque na axis nke anemometer, na-eme ka ọ na-agbagharị. N'echiche, ọsọ ntụgharị nke anemometer kwesịrị ịdị ka ọsọ ifufe n'ihi na ike a na-emepụta n'ihe na-adabere na ọsọ nke gas ma ọ bụ mmiri na-agafe ya. Otú ọ dị, n'omume, ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetụta ọsọ ntụgharị, gụnyere ọgba aghara nke ngwaọrụ ahụ na-emepụta, na-abawanye drag na-emegide torque nke iko na-emepụta na aka nkwado, na ịfụkọta na ebe a na-arịgo. Mgbe Robinson bu ụzọ mepụta anemometer ya, o kwuru na iko ndị ahụ na-aga otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ọsọ nke ifufe, na-emetụtaghị nha iko ma ọ bụ ogologo aka. O doro anya na nke a gosipụtara site na nnwale onwe mbụ, mana ọ bụghị eziokwu. Kama nke ahụ, oke nke ọsọ nke ifufe na nke iko, ihe anemometer, dabere na nha nke iko na ogwe aka, ma nwee uru n'etiti abụọ na obere karịa atọ. Ozugbo a chọpụtara njehie ahụ, aghaghị imeghachi nnwale niile gara aga metụtara anemometers. ==== Iko Atọ ==== Anemometer nwere iko atọ nke Canadian John Patterson mepụtara n'afọ 1926, ya na nkwalite iko sochirinụ nke Brevoort & Joiner nke United States mepụtara n'afọ 1935, dugara na imewe iko nwere nzaghachi fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ akara na njehie nke ihe na-erughị 3% rụọ 60 mph (97 km/h). Patterson chọpụtara na iko ọ bụla na-emepụta torque kachasị elu mgbe ọ dị na 45° na ikuku. Anemometer nwere iko atọ nwekwara torque na-adịgide adịgide ma meghachi omume ngwa ngwa na gusts karịa anemometer nwere iko anọ. ==== Ebe ikuku na-aga iko atọ ==== Ọstrelia Dr. Derek Weston mezigharịrị anemometer nke nwere iko atọ n'afọ 1991 iji tụọ ụzọ ifufe. Ọ gbakwunyere mkpado na otu iko, na-eme ka ọsọ cupwheel mụbaa ma belata ka mkpado ahụ na-agagharị na ikuku. A na-agbakọ ntụziaka ifufe site na mgbanwe ndị a na-agba ọsọ, ebe a na-ekpebi ọsọ ifufe site n'ọsọ nkezi cupwheel. Anemometers nke iko atọ ugbu a bụ ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ maka ọmụmụ nyocha na omume ikuku. === Anemometers nke eriri === Otu n'ime ụdị ndị ọzọ nke anemometer na-agba ọsọ bụ anemometer vane. Enwere ike ịkọwa ya dị ka ihe igwe ikuku ma ọ bụ anemoneometer propeller. N'adịghị ka Robinson anemometer, nke axis nke ntụgharị ya kwụ ọtọ, vane anemometer ga-enwerịrị axis ya kwụ ọtọ na ntụziaka nke ifufe ma yabụ ọ dị larịị. Ọzọkwa, ebe ọ bụ na ifufe na-agbanwe n'ụzọ na axis ga-agbaso mgbanwe ya, a ghaghị iji wind vane ma ọ bụ ihe ndị ọzọ iji mezuo otu nzube ahụ. Anemometer vane si otú a jikọta propeller na ọdụ n'otu axis iji nweta ọsọ ikuku ziri ezi na nke ziri ezi na ntụziaka site n'otu ngwá ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="WMO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.eumetcal.org/resources/ukmeteocal/rapid_cyclo/www/english/glossary/vaneanem.htm|title=Vane anemometer|author=World Meteorological Organization|authorlink=World Meteorological Organization|work=Eumetcal|accessdate=6 April 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408221107/http://www.eumetcal.org/resources/ukmeteocal/rapid_cyclo/www/english/glossary/vaneanem.htm|archivedate=8 April 2014}}</ref> A na-atụle ọsọ nke fan site na counter revolution ma gbanwee ya ka ọ bụrụ ọsọ ifufe site na chip eletrọniki. N'ihi ya, enwere ike ịgbakọ ọnụego mmụba ma ọ bụrụ na amaara mpaghara mpaghara. N'ọnọdụ ebe ntụziaka nke mmegharị ikuku na-adị mgbe niile, dịka na ikuku ikuku ogbunigwe na ụlọ, a na-arụ ọrụ ikuku ikuku a maara dị ka mita ikuku, ma na-enye nsonaazụ na-eju afọ.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Various|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iUFjDwAAQBAJ&q=In+cases+where+the+direction+of+the+air+motion+is+always+the+same%2C+as+in+ventilating+shafts+of+mines+and+buildings%2C+wind+vanes+known+as+air+meters+are+employed%2C+and+give+satisfactory+results.&pg=PP8|title=Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 2, Part 1, Slice 1|date=2018-01-01|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|language=en}}</ref><gallery class="center" caption="Vane anemometers"> Faịlụ:Wind_speed_and_direction_instrument_-_NOAA.jpg|Vane style of anemometer Faịlụ:Prop_vane_anemometer.jpg|Helicoid propeller anemometer incorporating a wind vane for orientation Faịlụ:Anemometer-IMG_4734-white.jpg|Hand-held low-speed vane anemometer Faịlụ:Digital_Handheld_Anemometer.jpg|Hand-held digital anemometer or Byram anenometer. </gallery> === Anemometers nke eriri ọkụ === [[Faịlụ:Hd_sonde.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ihe mmetụta nke eriri ọkụ]] Anemometer waya na-ekpo ọkụ na-eji eriri dị mma (n'usoro nke ọtụtụ micrometers) na-ekpo ọkụ eletrik ruo okpomọkụ ụfọdụ n'elu gburugburu. Ikuku na-agafe waya na-eme ka waya ahụ jụọ oyi. Dịka nguzogide eletrik nke ọtụtụ ọla na-adabere na okpomọkụ nke ọla (tungsten bụ nhọrọ a ma ama maka waya ọkụ), enwere ike inweta mmekọrịta n'etiti nguzogide nke waya na ọsọ nke ikuku.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.efunda.com/designstandards/sensors/hot_wires/hot_wires_intro.cfm|title=Hot-wire Anemometer explanation|publisher=eFunda|accessdate=18 September 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010125307/http://www.efunda.com/DesignStandards/sensors/hot_wires/hot_wires_intro.cfm|archivedate=10 October 2006}}</ref> N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, a enweghị ike iji ha tụọ ntụziaka nke ikuku na-eru, ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya na ikuku ikuku. Ọtụtụ ụzọ esi emejuputa atụmatụ a dị, enwere ike kewaa ngwaọrụ waya ọkụ dị ka CCA (anemometer ugbu a), CVA (anemometer voltaji na-aga n'ihu) na CTA (anemometer okpomọkụ na-aga mgbe niile). N'ihi ya, mmepụta voltaji sitere na anemometers ndị a bụ nsonaazụ nke ụdị circuit ụfọdụ n'ime ngwaọrụ ahụ na-anwa ịnọgide na-enwe mgbanwe a kapịrị ọnụ (oge, voltaji ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ), na-agbaso Iwu Ohm. Na Mgbakwunye, a na-eji kwa anemometers PWM (ụkpụrụ obosara nke pulse) anemometers, ebe a na-ekwu na ọsọ ahụ bụ ogologo oge nke pulse na-emegharị nke na-eweta waya ruo na nguzogide a kapịrị ọnụ wee kwụsị ruo mgbe a ruru "ala", mgbe ahụ a na-eziga pulse ọzọ. Anemometer na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ebe ọ na-esikwa ike nke ukwuu, nwere nzaghachi ugboro ugboro dị elu na mkpebi dị mma ma e jiri ya tụnyere usoro nyocha ndị ọzọ, n'ihi ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ya eme ihe maka nyocha zuru ezu nke ọgba aghara, ma ọ bụ ọ bụla na-agafe nke mgbanwe ọsọ na-adọrọ mmasị. Ụdị ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke anemometer wires dị mma bụ mita ọkụ ọkụ, nke na-agbaso otu echiche ahụ, mana ọ na-eji pin abụọ ma ọ bụ eriri iji nyochaa mgbanwe nke okpomọkụ. Akara ndị ahụ nwere eriri dị mma, mana ikpuchi wires na-eme ka ha sie ike ma nwee ike ịlele ikuku, gas, na ikuku na-agafe na paịpụ, paịpụs, na stacks. Ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-enwekarị unyi nke ga-emebi anemometer ọkụ ọkụ. [[Faịlụ:Laser_anemometer.png|thumb|360x360px|Ihe osise nke laser anemometer. A na-ewepụta ìhè laser (1) site na oghere ihu (6) nke anemometer ma na-agbasa azụ na ikuku (7). Radiation (dot) na-abanyeghachi na ngwaọrụ ahụ ma gosipụta ya ma duzie ya n'ime ihe nchọpụta (12).]] === Laser Doppler anemometers === Na laser Doppler velocimetry, laser Doppler anemometers na-eji ọkụ ọkụ sitere laser nke kewara ụzọ abụọ, nke a na-agbasa na anemometer. Particulates (ma ọ bụ kpachaara anya webatara ihe mkpụrụ) na-asọba yana ikuku ikuku nso ebe ọkụ na-apụ apụ na-egosipụta, ma ọ bụ na-atụgharị azụ, ìhè na-alaghachi n'ime ihe nchọpụta, ebe a na-atụ ya n'ihe metụtara ọkụ laser mbụ. Mgbe ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ahụ na-aga nke ọma, ha na-emepụta mgbanwe Doppler shift maka ịlele ọsọ ifufe na ọkụ laser, nke a na-eji gbakọọ ọsọ nke ihe ndị ahụ, ya mere ikuku gburugburu anemometer.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Iten|first=Paul D.|date=29 June 1976|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3966324|title=Laser Doppler Anemometer|publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office|accessdate=18 September 2006}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:WindMaster.jpg|thumb|3D ultrasonic anemometer]] [[Faịlụ:Wind_gauge_Radio_Shack_63-1119.jpg|thumb|200x200px|Anemometer dabere na ụda (mmetụta). Radio Shack rere nke a n'ihe dị ka afọ 1990. N'aka ekpe bụ ngwaọrụ na n'aka nri ihe mmetụta (4 microphones).]] Ultrasonic anemometers, nke mbụ mepụtara na 1950s, na-eji ebili mmiri ụda ultrasonic iji tụọ ọsọ ifufe. Ha na-atụle ọsọ ifufe dabere na oge ụgbọ elu nke ụda n'etiti abụọ nke transducers. Oge ụda na-ewe iji gaa site n'otu transducer gaa na abụọ ya na-adabere na ọsọ nke ụda na ikuku tinyere ọsọ nke ifufe n'otu ụzọ ahụ: t = L (c + v) {\displaystyle t={\frac {L}{ (c+v) }}} ebe t {\displaystyle t} bụ oge ụgbọ elu, L {\displaystyle L} bụ anya dị n'etiti transducers, c {\displaystyle c} bụ ọsọ nke ụda na ikuku na v {\displaystyle v} bụ ọsọ ifufe. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ka ifufe na-afụ ngwa ngwa, otú ahụ ka ụda na-aga ngwa ngwa. Iji dozie ọsọ nke ụda na ikuku (nke dịgasị iche dabere na okpomọkụ, nrụgide na iru mmiri) a na-eziga ụda ụda n'akụkụ abụọ ahụ ma na-agbakọ ọsọ nke ifufe site na iji oge ihu na azụ nke ụgbọ elu: v = 1 2 L ( 1 t 1 − 1 t 2 ) {\displaystyle v={\frac {1}{2}}L ({\fraic {1}}{t_{1}}}-{\frach {1} {t_{2}}}) } ebe t 1 {\displaystyle t_{1}} bụ oge ụgbọ elu na-aga n'ihu na t 2 {\displaystyle t_{2}} n'ụzọ dị iche. N'ihi na ultrasonic anenometers enweghị akụkụ na-agagharị agagharị, ha chọrọ obere mmezi ma enwere ike iji ya mee ihe na gburugburu ebe siri ike. Ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ọtụtụ ọsọ ifufe. Ha nwere ike ịlele mgbanwe ngwa ngwa na ọsọ na ntụziaka nke ifufe, na-ewere ọtụtụ nha kwa sekọnd, ya mere ha bara uru n'ịtụle usoro ikuku na-agagharị agagharị. Isi ihe na-adịghị mma ha bụ mgbagwoju anya nke ikuku na-aga site na nhazi na-akwado transducers, nke chọrọ mgbazi dabere na ọnụọgụ nke ikuku iji belata mmetụta ahụ. Mmiri ozuzo ma ọ bụ ice na transducers nwekwara ike ịkpata ihe na-ezighị ezi. Ebe ọ bụ na ọsọ nke ụda na-adịgasị iche na okpomọkụ, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ kwụsie ike na mgbanwe nrụgide, a na-ejikwa anemometers ultrasonic dị ka Thermometers. Enwere ike ijikọta ọnụọgụ site na transducers abụọ iji nweta ọnụọgụ nke ọsọ na 1-, 2-, ma ọ bụ 3-dimensional flow. A na-eji ọnụọgụ abụọ (ọsọ ifufe na ntụziaka ifufe) sonic anemometers eme ihe na ngwa ndị dị ka ọdụ ihu igwe, ụgbọ mmiri ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọelu, ihu igwe buoys na turbines ifufe. Nlekota nke ikuku na-achọkarị ọnụego ume ọhụrụ nke ọnụọgụ ọsọ ifufe nke 3 Hz, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Giebhardt|first=Jochen|editor=Dalsgaard Sørensen|title=Wind Energy Systems: Optimising design and construction for safe and reliable operation|publisher=Elsevier|date=December 20, 2010|pages=329–349|chapter=Chapter 11: Wind turbine condition monitoring systems and techniques|isbn=9780857090638}}</ref> nke a na-enweta n'ụzọ dị mfe site na anemometers. A na-eji anemometers ụda atọ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe iji tụọ ikuku gas na usoro okike site na iji usoro mkpuchi eddy mgbe ejiri ya na ngwa ngwa ngwa Infrared gas analyzers ma ọ bụ laser-based analyzers.&nbsp; ==== Anemometers nke ụda olu ==== [[Faịlụ:Acoustic_Resonance_Wind_Sensor.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Acoustic resonance anemometer]] Acoustic resonance anemometers bụ ụdị ọhụrụ nke sonic anemometer. Ọ bụ Savvas Kapartis mepụtara teknụzụ ahụ ma nye ya ikike n'afọ 1999. Ọ bụ ezie na anemometers ụda na-adabere n'oge nke ịtụle ụgbọ elu, ihe mmetụta ụda na-eji ụda olu (ultrasonic) na-ada ụda n'ime obere oghere e wuru iji mee nyocha ha. E wuru n'ime oghere ahụ bụ usoro transducers ultrasonic, nke a na-eji emepụta usoro dị iche iche na-eguzo na ultrasonic frequencies. Ka ifufe na-agafe n'ime oghere ahụ, mgbanwe na ihe onwunwe nke ebili mmiri ahụ na-eme (mgbanwe nke oge). Site n'ịtụle ọnụọgụ nke mgbanwe nke oge na mgbaàmà natara site na transducer ọ bụla, wee site na nhazi data, ihe mmetụta ahụ nwere ike inye nyocha ziri ezi nke ọsọ na ntụziaka ifufe. N'ihi na teknụzụ ụda olu na-eme ka a tụọ ya n'ime obere oghere, ihe mmetụta na-adịkarị obere karịa ihe mmetụta ultrasonic ndị ọzọ. Obere nha nke acoustic resonance anemometers na-eme ka ha sie ike ma dị mfe iji kpoo ọkụ, ya mere na-eguzogide ice. Njikọ nke atụmatụ a pụtara na ha na-enweta ọkwa dị elu nke data ma dabara adaba maka njikwa turbine ikuku na ojiji ndị ọzọ chọrọ obere ihe mmetụta siri ike dị ka ihu igwe agha. Otu nsogbu na ụdị ihe mmetụta a bụ izi ezi n'ịtụle ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe mmetụta igwe. Maka ọtụtụ ojiji njedebe, a na-akwụ ụgwọ adịghị ike a site na ogologo ndụ nke ihe mmetụta na eziokwu ahụ bụ na ọ chọghị recalibration ozugbo etinyela. == Anemometers nke nrụgide == [[Faịlụ:Britannia_Yacht_Club_tour,_burgee,_and_wind_gauge.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Britannia Yacht Club clubhouse tour, burgee, na wind gauge n'elu ụlọ]] E kewara atụmatụ mbụ nke anemometers na-atụle nrụgide n'ime ụdị efere na tube. === Anemometers nke efere === Ndị a bụ anemometers nke oge a. Ha nwere efere dị larịị nke a kwụnyere n'elu ka ifufe wee tụgharịa efere ahụ. N'afọ 1450, onye Ịtali na-ese ihe osise Leon Battista Alberti mepụtara anemometer mbụ dị otú ahụ; <ref>{{Cite web|title=Windvanes and anemometers|url=https://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/itineraries/multimedia/WindvanesAndAnemometers.html|publisher=[[Museo Galileo]] - Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza}}</ref> n'afọ 1663, Robert Hooke mepụtara ya ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=A Method for making a History of the Weather|title=The History of the Royal Society of London|first=Thomas|author=Sprat|authorlink=Thomas Sprat|date=1746|origdate=1663}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History of the Meteorological Office|first=Malcolm|author=Walker|publisher=Cambridge University Press|quote=The habit of making weather observations regularly and systematically was encouraged by the Royal Society, and as early as 1663 Hooke presented to the Society his paper titled 'A method for making a history of the weather'|url=https://assets.cambridge.org/97805218/59851/excerpt/9780521859851_excerpt.htm}}</ref> Ụdị nke a na-esote nwere efere dị larịị, ma ọ bụ square ma ọ bụ okirikiri, nke ikuku na-eme ka ikuku dị mma. A na-eji isi iyi eme ka ikuku na-efe n'ihu ya. Mkpịsị nke isi iyi na-ekpebi ike nke ifufe na-etinye na efere ahụ, a na-agụkwa nke a na gauge kwesịrị ekwesị, ma ọ bụ na ihe ndekọ. Ngwá ọrụ ndị a anaghị emeghachi omume na ifufe dị mfe, ha ezighị ezi maka ọgụgụ ifufe dị elu, ma jiri nwayọ meghachi omume na ikuku na-agbanwe agbanwe. A na-eji plate anemometers eme ihe iji mee ka ikuku na-ada ụda na àkwà mmiri. === Anemometers tube === [[Faịlụ:Tube_anemometer_invented_by_William_Henry_Dines.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Anemometer tube nke William Henry Dines mepụtara. A na-etinye akụkụ a na-ebugharị (n'aka nri) n'akụkụ a na-akwụsi ike (n'akụkụ aka ekpe).]] [[Faịlụ:Instruments_at_Mount_Washington_Observatory.JPG|thumb|Ngwá ọrụ na Mount Washington Observatory. Anemometer nke pitot tube dị n'aka nri.]] [[Faịlụ:Pitot_tube_static_anemometer.JPG|thumb|Isi dị n'elu bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri pitot. A na-ejikọta obere oghere na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kwụ otu ebe.]] Anemometer James Lind nke 1775 nwere tube U nke a kwụnyere n'elu nke nwere mmiri Manometer (nchekwa nrụgide), nke otu nsọtụ gbagọrọ agbagọ n'akụkụ dị larịị iji chee ihu n'ikuku na njedebe nke ọzọ kwụ ọtọ. Ọ bụ ezie na Lind abụghị nke mbụ, ọ bụ anemometer kachasị mma na nke a maara nke ọma nke ụdị a. Ọ bụrụ na ifufe na-efe n'ọnụ tube, ọ na-akpata mmụba nke nrụgide n'otu akụkụ nke manometer. Ifufe na-efe n'elu njedebe mepere emepe nke tube kwụ ọtọ na-akpata obere mgbanwe na nrụgide n'akụkụ nke ọzọ nke manometer. Ọdị iche dị n'elu n'ụkwụ abụọ nke tube U bụ ihe na-egosi ọsọ ifufe. Otú ọ dị, nha ziri ezi chọrọ ka ọsọ ifufe banye kpọmkwem na njedebe mepere emepe nke tube ahụ; obere ọpụpụ site na ntụziaka nke ifufe na-akpata nnukwu ọdịiche na ọgụgụ. Anemometer nke ọma nke William Henry Dines n'afọ 1892 jiri otu ọdịiche nrụgide dị n'etiti ọnụ na-emeghe nke tube kwụ ọtọ na-eche ihu n'ikuku na mgbanaka nke obere oghere dị na tube kwụ ọtọ nke mechiri na njedebe elu. A na-etinye ha abụọ n'otu ịdị elu. Mgbanwe nrụgide nke omume ahụ dabere na ya dị obere, a chọkwara ụzọ pụrụ iche iji debanye aha ha. Ihe ndekọ ahụ nwere ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri n'ime ụlọ a mechiri emechi nke jupụtara na mmiri. A na-ejikọta ọkpọkọ ahụ sitere na ọkpọkọ kwụ ọtọ n'elu ụlọ ahụ a na-emechi emechi ma na-eduzi ọkpọkọ sitere na obere ọkpọkọ n'ime ala n'ime ihe na-ese n'elu. Ebe ọ bụ na ọdịiche dị n'ime nrụgide na-ekpebi ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ nke ihe na-ese n'elu mmiri nke a bụ ihe atụ nke ọsọ ifufe.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Anemometer Comparisons|first=W. H.|author=Dines|journal=Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society|date=1892|volume=18|issue=83|url=https://archive.org/details/quarterlyjourna33britgoog|accessdate=14 July 2014|doi=10.1002/qj.4970188303}}</ref> Uru dị ukwuu nke anemometer tube na-adabere n'eziokwu na akụkụ ekpughere nwere ike ikwado ya n'eluogwe osisi dị elu, ọ dịghikwa achọ mmanụ ma ọ bụ nlebara anya ruo ọtụtụ afọ; enwere ike itinye mpaghara ndebanye aha n'ọnọdụ ọ bụla dị mma. A chọrọ tubes njikọ abụọ. Ọ nwere ike ịpụta na mbụ dịka a ga-asị na otu njikọ ga-eje ozi, mana ọdị iche dị na nrụgide nke ngwá ọrụ ndị a dabere na ya dị obere, nke na a ga-atụle nrụgide nke ikuku n'ime ụlọ ebe a na-etinye akụkụ ndekọ ahụ. Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na ngwá ọrụ ahụ dabere na nrụgide ma ọ bụ mmetụta ịmị naanị ya, a na-atụkwa nrụgide maọbụ ịmịpụta a megide nrụgide ikuku n'ime ụlọ nkịtị ebe a na-emechi ọnụ ụzọ na windo ma na-ere akwụkwọ akụkọ ọkụ na anwụrụ ọkụ, enwere ike ịmepụta mmetụta dịka ifufe nke 10 mi/h (16 km/h); na imeghe windo na ihu igwe siri ike, ma ọ bụ imeghe ọnụ ụzọ, nwere ike ịgbanwe ndebanye aha kpamkpam.&nbsp;&nbsp; Ọ bụ ezie na anemometer Dines nwere mperi nke naanị 1% na 10 (16 km/h), ọ meghị nke ọma na ifufe dị ala n'ihi mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma nke plate vane dị larịị achọrọ iji tụgharịa isi n'ime ifufe. N'afọ 1918, a na-eji ikuku eme ihe nke nwere okpukpu asatọ karịa nke efere dị larịị meriri nsogbu a. ==== Anemometers nke tube Pitot ==== Igwe ikuku tube nke oge a na-eji otu ụkpụrụ ahụ dị na anemometer Dines, ma na-eji ụdị dị iche. Ihe mmejuputa a na-eji pitot-static tube, nke bụ pitot tube nwere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri abụọ, pitot na static, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe n'ịleta ikuku nke ụgbọ elu. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri pitot na-atụle nrụgide dị ike nke ọnụ na-emeghe nke tube nwere isi dị nkọ na-eche ihu n'ikuku, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kwụ otu ebe na-atụkwa nrụgide kwụ otu ebe site na obere oghere dị n'akụkụ na tube ahụ. A na-ejikọta tube pitot na ọdụ ka o wee mee ka isi tube chee ihu n'ikuku. Tụkwasị na nke a, a na-eme ka tube ahụ dị ọkụ iji gbochie mmepụta ice na tube ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Instrumentation: Pitot Tube Static Anemometer, Part 1|url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-blogs/clarkb/instrumentation/14828|publisher=Mt. Washington Observatory|accessdate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714135450/http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-blogs/clarkb/instrumentation/14828|archivedate=14 July 2014}}</ref> E nwere ahịrị abụọ site na tube ruo na ngwaọrụ iji tụọ ọdịiche dị na nrụgide nke ahịrị abụọ ahụ. Ngwaọrụ nyocha nwere ike ịbụ Manometers, transducers nrụgide, ma ọ bụ analog chart recorders.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Instrumentation: Pitot Tube Static Anemometer, Part 2|url=http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-blogs/clarkb/instrumentation-1/15065|publisher=Mt. Washington Observatory|accessdate=14 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714232314/http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-blogs/clarkb/instrumentation-1/15065|archivedate=14 July 2014}}</ref> === Anemometers bọọlụ Ping-pong === A na-eji boolu ping-pong arụ ọrụ anemometer a na-ejikarị eme ihe na eriri. Mgbe ifufe na-efegharị n'akụkụ, ọ na-agbanye ma na-ebugharị bọọlụ ahụ; n'ihi na bọọlụ ping-pong dị arọ nke ukwuu, ha na-aga n'ụzọ dị mfe na ifufe dị mfe. Ịtụle oghere dị n'etiti ngwaọrụ eriri na nke kwụ ọtọ na-enye atụmatụ nke ọsọ ifufe. A na-ejikarị ụdị anemometer a eme ihe maka ntụziaka nke ụlọakwụkwọ etiti, nke ọtụtụ ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme n'onwe ha, mana a na ejikwa ngwaọrụ yiri ya na Phoenix Mars Lander. === Mmetụta nke njupụta na nha === N'ime tube anemometer a na-atụle nrụgide dị ike n'ezie, ọ bụ ezie na a na-agbanwekarị ọkwa dịka ọkwa ọsọ. Ọ bụrụ na ikuku dị iche na uru calibration, n'ihi ọdịiche dị n'etiti okpomọkụ, ịdị elu ma ọ bụ nrụgide barometric, a chọrọ mgbazi iji nweta ọsọ ifufe n'ezie. A ga-agbakwunye ihe dịka 1.5% (1.6% n'elu 6,000 ụkwụ) na ọsọ nke tube anemometer dekọrọ maka 1000 ft ọ bụla (5% maka kilomita ọ bụla) n'elu oke osimiri.&nbsp; == Mmetụta nke ice == N'ọdụ ụgbọ elu, ọ dị mkpa ịnweta data ikuku ziri ezi n'okpuru n'ọnọdụ niile, gụnyere oke mmiri ozuzo. A chọkwara anemometry na nlekọta ma na-achịkwa ọrụ nke ikuku ikuku, nke na gburugburu ebe oyi na-enwekarị ice na igwe ojii. Icing na-agbanwe aerodynamics nke anemometer ma nwee ike igbochi ya kpamkpam ịrụ ọrụ. Ya mere, anemometers eji eme ihe ndị a ga-enwerịrị okpomọkụ n'ime. Ma anemometers ịkọ na sonic anemometers dị ugbu nwere ụdị ọkụ. == Ebe ngwá egwú dị == Ka ikuku na agba ọsọ wee tụnyere site na ebe ruo na ebe, ọ dị mkpa ka a tụlee mmetụta nke ala ahụ, karịsịa n'ihe gbasara ịdị elu. Ihe ndị ọzọ a na eche echiche ọnụnọ nke osisi, na ma canyons okike na canyons aka mere (ụlọ ime obodo). Ogo anemometer ọkọlọtọ dị n'ime ime obodo mepere emepe bụ mita iri.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Oke|first=Tim R.|title=Initial Guidance to Obtain Representative Meteorological Observations At Urban Sites|chapterurl=https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/www/IMOP/publications/IOM-81/IOM-81-UrbanMetObs.pdf#page=23&zoom=auto,-16,235|accessdate=4 February 2013|series=Instruments and Observing Methods|year=2006|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|pages=19–26|chapter=3.5 Wind speed and direction}}</ref> == Hụkwa == {{Reflist|30em}} * Mmetụta ikuku na-agafe * Anemoi, maka mmalite oge ochie nke aha teknụzụ a * Anemoscope, ngwaọrụ oge ochie maka ịtụ ma ọ bụ ịkọ ọdịnihu ma ọ bụ ihu igwe * Ebe ihu igwe na-arụ ọrụ n'onwe ya * N'abalị nke Nnukwu Ifufe * Nchịkọta nke ihe oyiyi * Igwe ikuku Savonius * Nkọwapụta ike ifufe * Ifufe na-agba ọsọ * Windsock, ihe ngosi dị mfe nke a na-ahụ anya nke ọsọ na ntụziaka nke ifufe == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />{{Reflist|30em}} == Ebensibịa == <templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" />  == Njikọ mpụga == *   *   * [http://www.dl1glh.de/ultrasonic-anemometer.html Nkọwa nke mmepe na iwu nke ultrasonic anemometer] * [http://www.gill.co.uk/products/anemometer/principleofoperation.htm Ihe nkiri na-egosi ụkpụrụ Sonic nke Ọrụ (Oge nke Flight Theory)] - Gill Instruments * [http://www.geag.de/txt_sammlung.htm Nchịkọta nke anemometer akụkọ ihe mere eme] * [http://www.fttechnologies.com/About-FT/FT-Technologies/Acu-Res-Technology Ụkpụrụ nke Ọrụ: Mmetụta ụda olu] - FT Technologies * [http://www.thermopedia.com/content/558 Thermopedia, "Anemometers (laser doppler) "] * [http://www.thermopedia.com/content/559 Thermopedia, "Anemometers (pulsed thermal) "] * [http://www.thermopedia.com/content/560 Thermopedia, "Anemometers (vane) "] * Rotorvane Anemometer. Ịtụ ma ọsọ ifufe na ntụziaka site na iji ihe mmetụta atọ echekwara Wayback Machine [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6uobxsz0h7dcti0hbvv6rp6ner3h9q2 0 76912 656684 2026-06-22T17:50:52Z Iwuala chisom 17246 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1350623806|Fred Singer]]" 656684 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}}  '''Siegfried Fred Singer''' (September 27, 1924 - April 6, 2020) <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Dr. S. Fred Singer, R.I.P.|url=https://www.heartland.org/news-opinion/news/dr-s-fred-singer-rip|accessdate=April 7, 2020|work=The Heartland Institute|language=en}}</ref> bụbụ onye ọka mmụta sayensị na America a mụrụ na Austria na prọfesọ emeritus nke sayensị gburugburu na Mahadum Virginia, zụrụ azụ dịka onye physics ikuku. A maara ya maka ịjụ nkwekọrịta sayensị n'ọtụtụ okwu, gụnyere Mgbanwe ihu igwe, njikọ dị n'etiti UV-B na ọnụọgụgụ melanoma, mmebi ozone stratospheric nke chlorofluoro compounds, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dịka refrigerants, na ihe ize ndụ ahụike nke ịṅụ sịga.<ref>{{Cite journal|year=2013|author=Dunlap|first=R. E.|title=Climate Change Denial Books and Conservative Think Tanks: Exploring the Connection|journal=The American Behavioral Scientist|volume=57|issue=6|pages=699–731|pmid=24098056|doi=10.1177/0002764213477096}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/16/science/naomi-oreskes-a-lightning-rod-in-a-changing-climate.html|title=Naomi Oreskes, a Lightning Rod in a Changing Climate|work=The New York Times|date=June 15, 2015|author=Gillis|first=Justin}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye edemede ma ọ bụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere Global Effects of Environmental Pollution (1970), The Ocean in Human Affairs (1989), Global Climate Change (1989), The Greenhouse Debate Continued (1992), na Hot Talk, Cold Science (1997). O deekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ Unstoppable Global Warming: Kwa afọ 1,500 Years (2007) na Dennis Avery, na Climate Change Reconsidered (2009) na Craig Idso.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://sepp.org/about%20sepp/bios/singer/cvsfs.html|title=S. Fred Singer, Ph.D.|accessdate=March 15, 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090125045629/http://sepp.org/about%20sepp/bios/singer/cvsfs.html|archivedate=January 25, 2009}}</ref> Onye na-abụ abụ nwere ọrụ dị iche iche, na-eje ozi na ndị agha, gọọmentị, na agụmakwụkwọ. O rụrụ ogbunigwe maka ndị agha mmiri US n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ, tupu ọ nweta Ph.D. ya na physics na Mahadum Princeton n'afọ 1948 ma rụọ ọrụ dịka onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta sayensị na U.S. Embassy na London. Ọ ghọrọ onye isi na nyocha mbara igwe mbụ, na-etinye aka na mmepe nke satellites na-ahụ maka ụwa, n'afọ 1962 guzobere National Weather Bureau's Satellite Service Center. Ọ bụ onye guzobere Mahadum nke Miami School of Environmental and Planetary Sciences n'afọ 1964, ma nwee ọtụtụ ọkwa gọọmentị, gụnyere osote osote onye nchịkwa maka Ngalaba Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi, na onye isi sayensị maka Ngalaba Transportation. Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Mahadum Virginia site n'afọ 1971 ruo n'afọ 1994, na Mahadum George Mason ruo n'afọ 2000. N'afọ 1990, onye na-abụ abụ guzobere Science & Environmental Policy Project, n'afọ 2006 ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Canada kpọrọ ya aha dịka otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ole na ole kwuru na ha na-emepụta nkwekọrịta na mgbanwe ihu igwe. <ref name="CBCsmoking" /> Onye na-abụ abụ kwuru, n'ụzọ megidere nkwekọrịta sayensị banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe, na ọ nweghị ihe aka ebe na okpomọkụ ụwa bụ n'ihi mmụba nke carbon dioxide ikuku sitere na mmadụ, nakwa na ụmụ mmadụ ga-erite uru ma ọ bụrụ na okpompe arịgo.<ref name="Gray2009">{{Cite news|author=Louise Gray|title=Fred Singer to speak at climate change sceptics conference|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/copenhagen-climate-change-confe/6592414/Fred-Singer-to-speak-at-climate-change-sceptics-conference.html|accessdate=October 4, 2019|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|date=November 18, 2009}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye na-emegide Kyoto Protocol, ma kwuo na ụdị ihu igwe anaghị adabere na eziokwu ma ọ bụ ihe akaebe. A na-ebo onye na-abụ abụ ebubo ịjụ ihe aka ebe sayensị nke ndị ọgbọ nyochara ma kwado n'onwe ya na nkwupụta ya gbasara ahụike ọha na eze na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. <ref name="scheuering2004" /> <ref name="CBCsmoking">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|title=The Denial Machine|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=November 15, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026050126/http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|archivedate=October 26, 2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Oreskes|first=Naomi|title=Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Global Warming|url=https://archive.org/details/merchantsofdoubt00ores|location=New York|publisher=Bloomsbury Press|date=2010|isbn=9781596916104}}</ref><ref name="Singer, S. Fred 2003">{{Cite book|author=Singer|first=S. Fred|chapter=The Revelle-Gore Story: Attempted Political Suppression of Science|editor=Gough|chapterurl=http://media.hoover.org/documents/0817939326_283.pdf|title=Politicizing Science: The Alchemy of Policymaking|publisher=Hoover Press|date=2003|accessdate=May 10, 2007}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Amụrụ onye na-abụ abụ na Vienna, Austria, n'ezinụlọ ndị Juu. Nna ya bụ onye na-ere ọla na nne ya bụ onye ọrụ ụlọ. Mgbe Anschluss gasịrị n'etiti Nazi Germany na Austria n'afọ 1938, ezinụlọ ahụ gbapụrụ Austria, onye na-abụ abụ wee soro ụmụaka ndị Juu ndị ọzọ banye n'ụgbọ okporo igwe ụmụaka. Ọ gara England, ebe ọ biri na Northumberland, na-arụ ọrụ nwa oge dịka onye na-ahụ maka anya n'afọ iri na ụma. Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ gachara, ọ kwagara Ohio wee ghọọ nwa amaala America n'afọ 1944. Ọ natara nzere Bachelor nke Injinia Eletrik (B.E.E.) na Mahadum steeti Ohio n'afọ 1943. Ọ kụziri physics na Princeton mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na masters ya na doctorate ya, na-enweta Ph.D. ya n'ebe ahụ n'afọ 1948. A kpọrọ akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya, "The density spectrum and latitude dependence of extensive cosmic ray air shoers". Onye nlekọta ya bụ John Archibald Wheeler, na kọmitii edemede ya gụnyere J. Robert Oppenheimer na Niels Bohr. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Singer, S. Fred|year=1949|title=The density spectrum and latitude dependence of extensive cosmic ray air showers|journal=American Doctoral Dissertations}}</ref> == Ọrụ == === 1950: Ndị Agha Mmiri nke United States === Mgbe nna ya ukwu gasịrị, onye na-abụ abụ sonyeere ndị agha, na-arụ ọrụ maka ndị agha mmiri United States na agha ogbunigwe na mgbochi site n'afọ 1944 ruo n'afọ 1946. Mgbe ọ nọ na Naval Ordnance Laboratory, ọ mepụtara ihe arithmetic maka Kọmputa dijitalụ nke ọ kpọrọ "ụbụrụ eletrọniki". A tọhapụrụ ya n'afọ 1946 wee sonye na Upper Atmosphere Rocket Program na Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory na Silver Spring, Maryland, na-arụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ ruo n'afọ 1950. O lekwasịrị anya na ozone, cosmic rays, na ionosphere, niile a tụrụ site na balloons na rocket ndị sitere na White Sands, New Mexico, ma ọ bụ site na ụgbọ mmiri na oké osimiri. [[Rachel White Scheuering]] dere na maka otu ọrụ iji gbaa rọket, ọ ji ụgbọ mmiri gaa [[Arktik|Arctic]], ma na-agbapụ rọket site na ụgbọ mmiri na equator. Site n'afọ 1950 ruo n'afọ 1953, ọ nọ na U.S. Embassy na London dị ka onye ọrụ mmekọrịta sayensị na Office of Naval Research, ebe ọ mụrụ mmemme nyocha na Europe na radiation cosmic na physics nuklia. Mgbe ọ nọ n'ebe ahụ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị nnọchiteanya asatọ nwere nzụlite na ọrụ Ngwá agha ndị a na-eduzi iji kwuo okwu na Nzukọ nke anọ nke International Congress of Astronautics na Zurich n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1953, n'oge, dịka ''The New York Times'' kọrọ, ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị hụrụ ụgbọ elu dịka akụkọ sayensị zoro ezo. [[Faịlụ:MOUSE_(Fred_Singer).jpg|thumb|188x188px|Satellite Singer's MOUSE, nke o mepụtara na mbido afọ 1950 ]] Onye na-abụ abụ bụ otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mbụ gbara ume ka a tụọ satellites ụwa maka nyocha sayensị n'oge afọ 1950. N'afọ 1951 ma ọ bụ n'afọ 1952, ọ tụrụ aro MOUSE ("Minimal Orbital Unmanned Satellite, Earth"), satịlaịtị 100 pounds (45 kg) nke ga-enwe Geiger counters maka ịlele ụzarị mbara igwe, mkpụrụ ndụ foto maka inyocha ụwa, telemetry electronics maka iziga data azụ n'ụwa, ngwaọrụ nchekwa data magnetic, na mkpụrụ ndụ ike anyanwụ. Ọ bụ ezie na MOUSE enwetụbeghị ụgbọelu, ''Baltimore News-Post'' kọrọ n'afọ 1957 na arụmụka Singer banyere mkpa maka satellites ka a na-ege ntị, US gaara emeri Russia site na ịmalite Satellite mbụ nke ụwa. Ọ tụkwara aro (ya na R. C. Wentworth) na enwere ike iji nyocha satellite nke ultraviolet backscatter mee ihe dịka usoro iji tụọ profaịlụ ozone ikuku.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Singer|first=S. F|title=A method for the determination of the vertical ozone distribution from a satellite|journal=J. Geophys. Res.|date=June 1957|volume=62|issue=2|pages=299–308|doi=10.1029/JZ062i002p00299|issn=2156-2202}}</ref> E mechara jiri usoro a mee ihe na Satellite ihu igwe mbụ.<ref>{{Cite book|editor=Zerefos|title=Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer|date=2000|doi=10.1007/978-94-011-4353-0|url=https://www.springer.com/us/book/9780792365136|series=Nato Science Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences|publisher=Springer Netherlands|location=[[Dordrecht]]|isbn=978-0-7923-6513-6|quote=Recent studies have demonstrated a link between ozone changes caused by human activities and changing UV levels at the Earth's surface, as well as a link to climate through changes in radiative forcing and links to changes in chemical composition.}}</ref> === 1953: Mahadum nke Maryland === Onye na-abụ abụ laghachiri na United States n'afọ 1953, ebe ọ malitere ọrụ dịka prọfesọ na physics na Mahadum Maryland, ma n'otu oge ahụ bụrụ onye nduzi nke Center for Atmospheric and Space Physics. Scheuering dere na ọrụ ya gụnyere ịme nnwale na rọket na satellites, remote sensing, radiation belts, [[magnetosphere]], na meteorites. Ọ mepụtara usoro ọhụrụ nke ịtụba rọket na mbara igwe: ịgba ha site na ụgbọ elu na-efe elu, ma na-enweghị onye na-anya ụgbọelu. Ndị agha mmiri nabatara echiche ahụ ma Singer lekọtara ọrụ ahụ. Ọ natara White House Special Commendation site n'aka Onye isi ala Eisenhower n'afọ 1954 maka ọrụ ya. Ọ ghọrọ otu n'ime ndị otu 12 nke American Astronautical Society, otu e guzobere n'afọ 1954 iji nọchite anya ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia 300 na-eduga na mpaghara nke mgbọ ogbunigwe - ọ bụ otu n'etiti ndị otu asaa gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọnwa disemba 1956 mgbe usoro esemokwu banyere ntụziaka na njikwa nke otu ahụ. N'ọnwa nọvemba afọ 1957, onye na-abụ abụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ndị ọzọ nọ na mahadum ahụ nwere ihe ịga nke ọma n'ịmepụta ma gbaa bọmbụ "Oriole" ọhụrụ atọ na Virginia Capes. Rocket ndị ahụ dị ihe na-erughị pounds 25 (11 kg) ma nwee ike iwu ya maka ihe dịka $ 2000. A chụpụrụ ha site na LSM Navy a gbanwere agbanwe, ha nwere ike iru n'ịdị elu nke 50,000 feet (15,000 m) ma nwee usoro telemetry zuru oke iji zipụ ozi gbasara cosmic, ultraviolet na X-rays. Onye na-abụ abụ kwuru na ịgba égbè ahụ debere "nnyocha nke mbara igwe dị elu na rọket dị elu n'otu ihe ahụ, ọnụahịa na mgbalị, dị ka ọnụọgụ ikuku dị ala na balloons ihu igwe. Site ugbu a gaa n'ihu, anyị nwere ike ịgba ọtụtụ puku rọket ndị a n'ụwa niile na obere ego". N'ọnwa Febụwarị n'afọ 1958, mgbe ọ bụ onye isi nke otu cosmic ray nke ngalaba physics nke Mahadum Maryland, ọ natara otuto pụrụ iche site n'aka Onye isi ala Eisenhower maka "ihe ndị pụtara ìhè ọ rụzuru na mmepe nke satellites maka ebumnuche sayensị". N'ọnwupụta n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1958. A họpụtara ya dịka onye ndụmọdụ na Kọmitii Nhọrọ Ụlọ na Astronautics na Space Exploration, nke na-akwadebe ịnwe ntị na aro Onye isi alaisenhower maka ụlọ ọrụ ọhụrụ iji jikwaa nyocha mbara igwe mee nchọpụta, otu ọnwa ka ọ nwetakwuo ihe nrite Distinguished Alumnus nke Mahadụ. Ọ ghọrọ prọfesọ zuru oke na Maryland n'afọ 1959, ma họrọ ya n'afọ ahụ site na United States Junior Chamber of Commerce dịka otu n'ime ụmụ okorobịa iri pụtara ìhè na mba ahụ. N'ọnwa Jenụwarị 1960 na American Physical Society, Singer depụtara ọhụụ ya banyere ihe gburugburu ụwa nwere ike ịgụnye, na-agbasa ruo 40,000 kilomita (64,000 km) n'ime mbara igwe. A maara ya maka amụma mbụ ya banyere njirimara nke ụmụ irighiri eletrik ndị tọrọ n'ụwa, nke nchọpụta ndị e mechara chọpụta na nnwale satellite. N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 1960, ọ tụrụ aro ịdị adị nke mkpokoro ájá a na-ahụ anya gburugburu ụwa ihe dịka 600 ruo 1,000 kilomita (1,600 km) na mbara igwe, karịa nke e nwere obere ihe, micrometer ma ọ bụ obere n'obosara, na-agbasa 2,000 ruo 4,000 kilomita (6,400 km). N'ọnwa Maachị 1961, onye na-abụ abụ na onye ọzọ na-ahụ maka physics na Mahadum Maryland, E. J. Opik, nyere onyinye $ 97,000 site na NASA iji mee nyocha afọ atọ nke gas na uzuzu interplanetary. === 1960: Echiche nke Phobos aka mere === N'akwụkwọ akụkọ Astronautics nke afọ 1960, onye na-abụ abụ kwuru na echiche Iosif Shklovsky na usoro ọnwa Phobos na-atụ aro na ọ bụ oghere, nke na-egosi na ọ bụ nke aka mere. onye na-abụ abụ dere, sị: "Nkwupụta m dị, ebe a ka m kwadoro Shklovsky, na ọ bụrụ na satellite na agbagharị n'ime dịka e si nweta ya site na nyocha nke mbara Egwu, mgbe ahụ enwere obere ihe ọzọ maka echiche ahụ na ọ bụ oghere ma ya mere e mere na Mars. Nnukwu 'ọ bụrụ' dị na nyocha nke astronomical; ha nwere ike ịbụ na ha na-ezighị ezi. Ebe ọ bụ na ha dabere na ọtụtụ usoro nke ndị na-ekiri dị iche iche na-ekiri ihe dị iche iche jiri ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche iche iche mee ihe, njehie nwere ike ịmetụta ha. " Foto site na nyocha malitere n'afọ 1972 na-egosi elu nkume sitere n'okike nwere oghere. Ndị na-ahụ maka Ufology na-aga n'ihu na-egosi onye na-abụ abụ dịka onye na-akwado echiche Phobos nke Shklovsky. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sema4.com.au/an/211-AN.pdf|title=Andrew Kelleher, "Phobos: the odd moon of Mars", in Alienation News #211 Nov 2002.|accessdate=May 26, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20040902064151/http://www.sema4.com.au/an/211-AN.pdf|archivedate=September 2, 2004}}</ref> Mag Time dere n'afọ 1969 na onye na-abụ abụ nwere mmasị ndụ ya niile na Phobos na ọnwa nke abụọ nke Mars, Deimos. Ọ gwara o''''ge'''' na ọ nwere ike ikwe omume ịdọrọ Deimos n'ime usoro ụwa ka e wee nwee ike inyocha ya. N'oge nnọkọ mbara igwe mba ụwa n'ọnwa Mee 1966, nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mbara igwe si United States na Soviet Union bịara, ọ bu ụzọ kwuo na ịdakwasị ndị mmadụ n'ọnwa Martian ga-abụ nzọụkwụ ezi uche dị na ya mgbe ndị mmadụ rutere n'ọnwụrụ ụwa. O kwuru na obere nha nke Phobos na Deimos - ihe dịka iri na anọ na asatọ (23 na 13 km) n'obosara na ikike ndọda nke sub milli-g - ga-eme ka ọ dịrị ụgbọ mbara igwe mfe ịdakwasị ma bido ọzọ. === 1962: National Weather Center na Mahadum Miami === N'afọ 1962, o''ge'' ọ nọ na ezumike na mahadum ahụ, a kpọrọ Singer dịka onye nduzi mbụ nke ọrụ satellite ihu igwe maka National Weather Satellite Center, nke bụzi akụkụ nke National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, ma duzie mmemme maka iji satellites ịkọ ihu igwe. Ọ nọrọ ebe ahụ ruo n'afọ 1964. Ọ gwara magazin Time n'afọ 1969 na ọ na-atọ ya ụtọ ịgagharị. "Njem ọ bụla nyere m echiche ọhụrụ", ka o kwuru. "Ọ bụrụ na m nọdụrụ ala, ma eleghị anya m ka na-atụle ụzarị mbara igwe, isiokwu nke thesis m na Princeton. Nke ahụ bụ ihe na-eme ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. " Mgbe ọ kwụsịrị dịka onye nduzi, ọ natara ihe nrite Gold Medal nke Ngalaba Azụmaahịa maka Ọrụ Federal. N'afọ 1964, ọ ghọrọ onye isi mbụ nke Ụlọ Akwụkwọ nke Environmental and Planetary Sciences na University of Miami n'afọ 1964, ụlọakwụkwọ mbụ nke ụdị ya na mba ahụ, raara onwe ya nye nyocha nke afọ.. N'ọnwa Disemba 1965, akwụkwọ akụkọ The New York Times kọrọ banyere otu ogbako Singer kwadoro na Miami Beach n'oge nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ise, na-arụ ọrụ n'adabereghị onwe ha, gosipụtara nyocha nke na-egosi ihe ha kwenyere na ọ bụ ihe foduru nke ọkụ primordial nke mere mgbe a mụrụ eluigwe na ụwa.. === 1967–1994 === N'afọ 1967, ọ nakweere ọkwa osote odeakwụkwọ na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime Obodo nke United States, ebe ọ na-ahụ maka ịdị mma mmiri na nyocha. Mgbe e guzobere [[Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke United States|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] na 1970, ọ ghọrọ osote osote onye nchịkwa iwu ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=S. Fred Singer (1924 - 2020)|url=https://heartland.org/about-us/who-we-are/s-fred-singer/|accessdate=2025-03-27|work=The Heartland Institute|language=en-US}}</ref> Singer accepted a professorship in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia in 1971, a position he held until 1994,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.heartland.org/about-us/who-we-are/s-fred-singer|title=S. FRED SINGER (1924 - 2020)|publisher=Heartland Institute|language=en-US|accessdate=October 31, 2019}}</ref> where he taught classes on environmental issues such as ozone depletion, acid rain, climate change, population growth, and public policy issues related to oil and energy. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> In 1987 he took up a two-year post as chief scientist at the U.S. Department of Transportation, and in 1989 joined the [[Institute of Space Science and Technology]] in Gainesville, Florida where he contributed to a paper on the results from the Interplanetary Dust Experiment using data from the Long Duration Exposure Facility satellite. When he retired from Virginia in 1994, he became Distinguished Research Professor at the Institute for Humane Studies at George Mason University until 2000. Naomi Oreskes na Erik Conway na-ekwu na Singer tinyere aka na mbọ gọọmentị Reagan na-agba iji gbochie usoro nchịkwa iji belata mmiri ozuzo acid. == Arụmụka ọha na eze == === Ide ihe === N'oge niile ọ na-arụ ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ, Singer na-ede ugboro ugboro na akwụkwọ akụkọ, gụnyere ''The New York Times'', The Washington Post, na Wall Street Journal, na-ekwukarị n'ọnọdụ ndị na-ese okwu n'echiche. Ọnọdụ ya n'ozuzu ya bụ otu n'ime enweghị ntụkwasị obi na iwu gọọmentị etiti na nkwenye siri ike na ịdị irè nke ahịa nweere onwe ya. O kwenyere na ihe Rachel White Scheuering na-akpọ "nwere onwe ahịa gburugburu ebe obibi": na ụkpụrụ ahịa na ihe mkpali kwesịrị ezu iji duga na nchedo gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa nke ihe onwunwe. Isiokwu ndị a na-ahụkarị n'isiokwu ya bụ ike, mmachibido iwu mmanụ, OPEC, Iran, na ọnụahịa na-arị elu. N'ime afọ ndị 1970 niile, dịka ọmụmaatụ, o belatara echiche nke Nsogbu ike ma kwuo na ọ bụ ihe omume mgbasa ozi.<ref name="scheuering2004" /> N'ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na 1990s na 2000s, ọ kpughere ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ megide isi, na-ajụ njikọ dị n'etiti UV-B na ọnụọgụ melanoma, na nke dị n'agbata CFCs na ọnwụ ozone stratospheric. YArụmụka ọha na eze nke Singer nwetara ọtụtụ nkatọ bụ maka anwụrụ ọkụ na okpomọkụ ụwa. Ọ jụrụ njikọ dị n'etiti anwụrụ ọkụ na ọrịa kansa akpa ume, ọ bụkwa onye na-emegide echiche sayensị gbasara Mgbanwe ihu igwe; ọ rụrụ ụka na enweghị ihe akaebe na mmụba nke carbon dioxide nke ụmụ mmadụ na-emepụta na-akpata okpomọkụ ụwa na okpomọkụ nke ụwa agbanweela mgbe niile.<ref name="Gray2009">{{Cite news|author=Louise Gray|title=Fred Singer to speak at climate change sceptics conference|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/copenhagen-climate-change-confe/6592414/Fred-Singer-to-speak-at-climate-change-sceptics-conference.html|accessdate=October 4, 2019|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|date=November 18, 2009}}</ref> Ihe ngosi CBC Fifth Estate na 2006 jikọtara arụmụka abụọ a, na-akpọ Singer dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị nke rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ maka ụlọ ọrụ na mpaghara abụọ ahụ, ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ site na ụlọ ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze.<ref name="CBCsmoking">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|title=The Denial Machine|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=November 15, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026050126/http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|archivedate=October 26, 2007}}</ref> Naomi Oreskes na Erik Conway kpọrọ Singer n'akwụkwọ ha, Merchants of Doubt, dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị atọ na-emegide onwe ha - tinyere Fred Seitz na Bill Nierenberg - bụ ndị na-etinye onwe ha n'ime arụmụka ọha na eze banyere okwu sayensị na-ese okwu, na-etinye ha n'ọnọdụ dị ka ndị na-enwe obi abụọ, echiche ha na-enweta ike n'ihi na mgbasa ozi na-enye ha oge hà nhata n'ihi echiche nke ikpe ziri ezi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Brown|first=Seth|date=2010-06-01|title='Merchants of Doubt' delves into contrarian scientists|url=https://www.usatoday.com/money/books/reviews/2010-06-01-deathmerchants01_ST_N.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601083553/https://www.usatoday.com/money/books/reviews/2010-06-01-deathmerchants01_ST_N.htm|archivedate=2010-06-01|accessdate=2023-08-04|work=[[USA Today]]}}</ref> Dịka [[David Biello]] na John si kwuo na Scientific American, a maara onye na-abụ abụ nke ọma maka ịgọnahụ ihe ize ndụ ahụike nke ịṅụ sịga. O sonyere n'afọ 1994 dịka onye edemede na onye nyocha nke akụkọ banyere okwu ahụ site na Alexis de Tocqueville Institution, ebe ọ bụ onye isi. Akụkọ ahụ katọrọ Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Gburugburu Ebe Obibi (EPA) maka nyocha ha n'afọ 1993 banyere ihe ize ndụ cancer nke ịṅụ sịga, na-akpọ ya "sayensị mkpofu". Onye na-abụ abụ gwara CBC's Ụlọ nke ise n'afọ 2006 na ọ kwụsiri ike n'ọnọdụ na EPA "esiri data" iji gosi na anwụrụ ọkụ nke abụọ na-akpata ọrịa kansa akpa ume. CBC kwuru na ego ụtaba akwụla ụgwọ maka nyocha onye na-abụ abụ na nkwalite ya, nakwa na ọ bụ APCO haziri ya. Onye na-abụ abụ gwara CBC na ọ dịghị ihe dị iche ebe ego ahụ si. "Ha anaghị ebu akwụkwọ ozi na akwụkwọ ego dollar na-asị 'Nke a sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ụtaba,'" ka o kwuru. "N'ọnọdụ ọ bụla amaghị m banyere ya, ajụghịkwa m APCO ebe ha na-enweta ego ha. Nke ahụ abụghị azụmahịa m. "<ref name="CBCsmoking">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|title=The Denial Machine|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=November 15, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026050126/http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|archivedate=October 26, 2007}}</ref> N'akwụkwọ ozi n'afọ 2003 degara ''Financial Times'', Onye na-abụ abụ dere na "enweghị ihe akaebe doro anya na ihu igwe ụwa na-ekpo ọkụ n'ezie."<ref>{{Cite news|title=Climate concern is just a tax ruse|author=Singer|first=S.|work=[[Financial Times]]|date=November 26, 2003}}</ref> N'afọ 2006, CBC's Fifth Estate kpọrọ onye na-abụ abụ dị ka otu n'ime obere ìgwè ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị mepụtara ihe akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ kpọrọ nkwụsị nke na-emebi nzaghachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na okpomọkụ ụwa. .<ref name="CBCsmoking">{{Cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|title=The Denial Machine|publisher=[[Canadian Broadcasting Corporation]]|date=November 15, 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071026050126/http://www.cbc.ca/fifth/denialmachine/video.html|archivedate=October 26, 2007}}</ref> N'afọ sochirinụ ọ pụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ British Channel 4 ''The Great Global Warming Swindle''. Onye na-abụ abụ na-arụ ụka na ọ nweghị ihe akaebe na-egosi na mmụba nke carbon dioxide nke ụmụ mmadụ na-emepụta na-akpata okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ, na ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ ebili na ọ ga-adị mma maka mmadụ. Ọ gwara CBC: "Ọ na-ekpo ọkụ otu puku afọ gara aga karịa ka ọ dị taa. Vikings biri Greenland. Nke ahụ ọ dị mma ma ọ bụ ihe ọjọọ? Echere m na ọ dị mma. Ha na-eto mmanya na England, n'ebe ugwu England. echere m na nke ahụ dị mma. Ma ọ dịkarịa ala ụfọdụ ndị na-eche otú ahụ." "Anyị na-etinyekwu carbon dioxide na ikuku, "ka ọ gwara Daily Telegraph na 2009. Otú ọ dị, ikuku dị nnọọ mgbagwoju anya na mmadụ enweghị ike ịrụ ụka na nnị n'ihi na CO2 bụ gas na-ekpo ọkụ na-akpat okpomọkụ."<ref name="Gray2009">{{Cite news|author=Louise Gray|title=Fred Singer to speak at climate change sceptics conference|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/earth/copenhagen-climate-change-confe/6592414/Fred-Singer-to-speak-at-climate-change-sceptics-conference.html|accessdate=October 4, 2019|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|date=November 18, 2009}}</ref> O kwenyere na ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na-emebiga ihe ókè na-ekwubiga okwu ókè. "Mgbalị dị n'okpuru ebe a yiri ka ọ bụ iji okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ dị ka ihe ngọpụ iji belata iji ike eme ihe," ka o kwuru. "Ọ dị nnọọ mfe: ọ bụrụ na ị belata iji ike eme ihe, mgbe ahụ, ị na-ebelata ọganihu akụ na ụba. Ma kwere ya ma ọ bụ na ọ bụghị, e nwere ndị mmadụ n'ụwa kwenyere na anyị agafewo oke na ụba akụ na ụba." Echiche ndị na-agụ egwú na-emegide nkwekọrịta sayensị banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe, <ref name="The MIT Press">{{Cite book|title=Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren|editor=DiMento|year=2007|publisher=The MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-54193-0|pages=[https://archive.org/details/climatechangewha00dime/page/n82 65]–66|chapter=The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change: How Do We Know We’re Not Wrong?|author=Oreskes|first=Naomi|url=https://archive.org/details/climatechangewha00dime}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|quote=The evidence for human influence on the climate system has grown since the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). It is extremely likely that more than half of the observed increase in global average surface temperature from 1951 to 2010 was caused by the anthropogenic increase in greenhouse gas concentrations and other anthropogenic forcings together|publisher=IPCC|url=http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_SPMcorr2.pdf|title=CLIMATE CHANGE 2014: Synthesis Report. Summary for Policymakers|accessdate=March 7, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227220848/http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar5/syr/SYR_AR5_SPMcorr2.pdf|archivedate=February 27, 2015}}</ref> ebe enwere nkwekọrịta siri ike maka okpomọkụ ụwa nke mmadụ kpatara, yana njikọ dị n'etiti oke carbon dioxide na okpomọkụ nke ụwa, yana nkwekọrịta na mgbanwe dị otú ahụ na ihu igwe ga-enwe ihe dị ize ndụ. <ref name="Stern"> {{Cite book|title=The Economics of Climate Change — The Stern Review|first=Nicholas Herbert|author=Stern|authorlink=Nicholas Stern|year=2007|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=978-0-521-70080-1|url=http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/earth-and-environmental-science/climatology-and-climate-change/economics-climate-change-stern-review|accessdate=February 19, 2014}}</ref><ref> {{Cite news|title=How Dangerous Is Global Warming?|work=[[Los Angeles Times]]|accessdate=April 14, 2007|date=June 17, 2001|url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/access/74167018.html?dids=74167018:74167018&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jun+17%2C+2001&author=&pub=Los+Angeles+Times&edition=&startpage=M.3&desc=DIALOGUE}}</ref> N'afọ 2005, magazin nne Jones kọwara Singer dị ka "nna nna nke ịGọnahụ okpomọkụ ụwa". Otú ọ dị, onye na-abụ abụ kọwara onwe ya dị ka "onye na-enwe obi abụọ" kama ịbụ "onye na'agọnahụ" mgbanwe ihu igwe ụwa.<ref name="mj200505">{{Cite news|url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2005/05/put-tiger-your-think-tank|title=Put a Tiger In Your Think Tank|date=May 2005|work=[[Mother Jones (magazine)|Mother Jones]]|accessdate=October 20, 2015}}</ref> N'afọ 1990, onye na-abụ abụ guzobere Science & Environmental Policy Project (SEPP) iji rụrịta ụka megide usoro mgbochi megide okpomọkụ ụwa. Mgbe 1991 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Earth Summit, onye na-abụ abụ malitere ide ma kwuo okwu iji mee ka obi abụọ na sayensị. O buru amụma na ọdachi akụ na ụba sitere na mgbochi ọ bụla na ojiji mmanụ ala, ma kwuo na ụwa okike na usoro ihu igwe ya dị mgbagwoju anya ma bụrụ nke a na-aghọtaghị nke ọma, nakwa na a maghị ihe gbasara mgbanwe okpomọkụ site n'oké osimiri gaa na ikuku, ma ọ bụ ọrụ igwe ojii. Ka nkwekọrịta sayensị na-eto, ọ gara n'ihu na-arụ ụka site na ọnọdụ na-eleghara anya. Ọ katọrọ ụdị ihu igwe nke na-ebu amụma okpomọkụ ụwa ugboro ugboro. N'afọ 1994, o jiri nsonaazụ ihe nlereanya tụnyere okpomọkụ a hụrụ ma chọpụta na okpomọkụ e buru n'amụma maka afọ 1950 rụọ afọ 1980 si na okpompe nke mere n'ezie, nke o kwubiri na kọlụm ya na The Washington Times - na isiokwu nke ụbọchị ahụ "Mkpesa ihu igwe na-ada n'okpuru ọkụ Sayensị na-egbuke egbuke" - na ụdị ihu igwe adịghị mma. N'afọ 2007, ọ rụkọtara ọrụ na nyocha nke chọpụtara na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ tropospheric nke ụdị "Ihu igwe nke narị afọ nke 20"" dị iche na nyocha satellite site na okpukpu abụọ nke ihe nlereanya ahụ bụ ejighị n'aka. Rachel White Scheuering dere na, mgbe SEPP malitere, ọ nwere njikọ na Washington Institute for Values in Public Policy, ụlọ ọrụ na-eche echiche nke onye isi Unification Church Sun Myung Moon guzobere. Akụkọ n'afọ 1990 maka Cato Institute gosipụtara onye na-abụ abụ dịka onye nduzi nke ọrụ sayensị na iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na Washington Institute for Values in Public Policy, na ezumike site na Mahadum Virginia.<ref>Singer, S. Fred. {{Cite web|url=http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/reg13n1-singer.html|title=Environmental Strategies with Uncertain Science|accessdate=January 15, 2003|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080110224712/http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/reg13n1-singer.html|archivedate=January 10, 2008}}</ref> Scheuering dere na Singer akwụsịla mmekọrịta ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ, ụlọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ kwadoro ya.<ref name="scheuering2004" /> O dere na ọ bụ onye ndụmọdụ a na-akwụ ụgwọ maka ARCO, ExxonMobil, Shell, Sun Oil Company, na Unocal, nakwa na SEPP natara enyemaka site na ExxonMobil. Singer kwuru na mmekọrịta ego ya emetụtaghị nyocha ya. Scheuering na-ekwu na nkwubi okwu ya kwekọrọ na ọdịmma akụ na ụba nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị na-akwụ ya ụgwọ, na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ahụ chọrọ ịhụ mbelata na nchịkwa gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref name="scheuering2004" /> N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2007, ''Newsweek'' kọrọ na n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1998, mmadụ iri na abụọ sitere n'ihe ọ kpọrọ "ngwunye ịgọnahụ" zutere n'isi ụlọ ọrụ American Petroleum Institute na Washington. Nzukọ ahụ gụnyere otu onye na-abụ abụ, George C. Marshall Institute, na ExxonMobil. ''Newsweek'' kwuru na, dị ka akwụkwọ ozi dị peeji asatọ nke e wepụtara, nzukọ ahụ tụrụ aro mkpọsa nde $ 5 iji mee ka ọha na eze kwenye na sayensị nke okpomọkụ ụwa bụ arụmụka na ejighị n'aka. A kọọrọ ndị nta akụkọ atụmatụ ahụ ma ọ dịghị mgbe a rụzuru ya. N'izu mgbe akụkọ ahụ gasịrị, Newsweek bipụtara echiche dị iche site n'aka Robert Samuelson, otu n'ime ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, onye kwuru na akụkọ nke igwe na agọnahụ ego bụ nke e chepụtara echepụta ma na-eduhie eduhie. ABC News kọrọ na Machị 2008 na onye na-abụ abụ kwuru na ọ bụghị na ụgwọ ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ike, mana ọ kwetara na SEPP natara otu onyinye ebere a na-arịọghị arịrịọ nke $ 10,000 site na ExxonMobil, nakwa na ọ bụ otu pasent nke onyinye niile natara. Onye na-abụ abụ kwuru na njikọ ya na Exxon dịka ịnọ na ndepụta ozi ha karịa ịnwe ọnọdụ a kwụrụ ụgwọ. Mmekọrịta ahụ emebiwo nyocha Singer n'etiti ndị otu sayensị, dị ka Scheuering si kwuo. Onye omebe iwu Lynn Rivers jụrụ ntụkwasị obi onye na-abụ abụ n'oge a na-ege ya ntị n'afọ 1995, na-ekwu na o nweghị ike ibipụta ihe ọ bụla na akwụkwọ sayensị a na-enyocha ndị ọgbọ ya maka afọ 15 gara aga, ma e wezụga otu nkọwa teknụzụ. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Michaels|first=P. J.|title=Analyzing Ultraviolet-B Radiation: Is There a Trend?|journal=Science|date=May 27, 1994|volume=264|issue=5163|pages=1341–1342|doi=10.1126/science.264.5163.1341|pmid=17780851}}</ref> ==== Nkatọ nke IPCC ====   N'afọ 1995, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) wepụtara [[Akụkọ nnyocha nke Abụọ nke IPCCnyocha|akụkọ]] na-egosipụta nkwekọrịta ''Sayensị'' na nguzozi nke ihe akaebe na-egosi na enwere mmetụta mmadụ a na-ahụ anya na ihu igwe ụwa. Onye na-abụ abụ ji akwụkwọ ozi zaghachi na sayensị na-ekwu na akụkọ IPCC gosipụtara ihe ahọpụtara. O dere, sị: "Nchịkọta ahụ ekwughị na afọ iri na asatọ nke data satellite ihu igwe nke na-egosi obere ọnọdụ oyi zuru ụwa ọnụ, na-emegide ụdị niile nke okpomọkụ ihu igwe. " Scheuering dere na onye na-abụ abụ kwetara na thermometers nke elu site na ụlọ ọrụ ihu igwe na-egosi okpomọkụ, mana ọ na-ekwu na satellites na-enye data ka mma n'ihi na nha ha na-ekpuchi ogidi na ogidi. Dịka Edward Parson na Andrew Dessler si kwuo, data satịlaịtị egosighi okpomọkụ elu ozugbo, mana a ghaghị idozi ya site na iji ụdị. Mgbe emere mgbanwe maka ihe omume ndị na-agafe agafe, data ahụ gosipụtara obere okpomọkụ, na nyocha tụrụ aro na ọdịiche dị n'etiti data elu na nke satellite bụ nsogbu dị ka odịiche dị na satellite. Onye na-abụ abụ dere "Leipzig Declaration on Global Climate Change in the U.S." n'afọ 1995, na emelite ya n'afọ 1997 iji gbaghaa Kyoto Protocol. [[Nkwekọrịta Kyoto]] bụ nsonaazụ nke mgbakọ mba ụwa nke e mere na Kyoto, Japan, n'oge ọtụtụ mba mepere emepe kwetara belata gas ha na-eme ka okpomọkụ. Nkwupụta onye na-abụ abụ na-agụ, sị: "Ike dị mkpa maka uto akụ na ụba ... Anyị ghọtara ihe na-akpali iwepụ ihe a na-eche na ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka mgbanwe ihu igwe nwee ike; mana anyị kwenyere na Kyoto Protocol - iji belata ikuku carbon dioxide site na naanị akụkụ nke obodo ụwa dị ize ndụ, ọ naghị arụ ọrụ, ma na-ebibi akụ na ụba na ọrụ na ụkpụrụ ndụ. " Scheuering dere na onye na-abụ abụ gbasara nke a na United States na Europe ma kpọkọta 100 ndị bịanyere aka, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-ekwu na a na-enyo ụfọdụ n'ime asambodo ndị bịa nyekwara aka enyo. Ọ dịkarịa ala 20 bụ ndị nta akụkọ ihu igwe televishọn, ụfọdụ enweghị nzere sayensị, na ụbọchị iri na anọ edepụtara dịka ndị prọfesọ n'ekwughị otu mpaghara. Dịka Scheuering si kwuo, ụfọdụ n'ime ha mechara kwuo na ha kwenyere na ha na-abịanye aka n'akwụkwọ iji kwado ime ihe megide mgbanwe ihu igwe. Onye na-abụ abụ guzobere Nongovernmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC) n'afọ 2004 mgbe 2003 United Nations Climate Change Conference na Milan. NIPCC haziri ogbako ihu igwe mba ụwa na Vienna n'ọnwa eprel afọ 2007, <ref name="nature1" /> iji nye ihe ha kpọrọ nyocha onwe onye nke ihe akaebe maka mgbanwe ihu igwe. Singer kwadebere akụkọ NIPCC akpọrọ "Nature, Not Human Activity, Rules the Climate," nke Ụlọ Ọrụ Heartland Institute bipụtara n'ọnwa maachị 2008. ABC Ozi kwuru n'otu ọnwa ahụ na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ihu igwe a na-akpọghị aha sitere na NASA, Stanford, na Princeton bụ ndị gwara ABC okwu banyere akụkọ ahụ jụrụ ya dị ka "ihe nzuzu efu". N'akwụkwọ ozi mkpesa o degaara ABC Ozi, Singer kwuru na akwụkwọ ha jiri "okwu ajọ mbunobi, eziokwu gbagọrọ agbagọ, nkwutọ, na nkwutọ na-amaghị aha". N'ọnwa Septemba 18, 2013, e bipụtara akụkọ nke anọ nke NIPCC, nke akpọrọ Climate Change Reconsidered II: Physical Science.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://heartland.org/media-library/pdfs/CCR-II/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131020171042/http://heartland.org/media-library/pdfs/CCR-II/Summary-for-Policymakers.pdf|archivedate=2013-10-20|title=Summary for Policymakers|publisher=[[The Heartland Institute]]|date=September 2013|accessdate=March 14, 2014}}</ref> Dịka akụkọ NIPCC gara aga, ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi katọrọ ya mgbe e bipụtara ya; dịka ọmụmaatụ, David Suzuki dere na ọ "jupụtara na nkwupụta a na ekwughị, gụnyere na ikuku carbon dioxide dị mma n'ihi na ha na-akpali ndụ".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/david-suzuki/climate-change-deniers_b_3984750.html|title=Climate Change Deniers Don't Deserve an Equal Voice|work=[[Huffington Post]]|date=September 25, 2013|accessdate=March 14, 2014|author=Suzuki, David}}</ref> Mgbe akụkọ ahụ nwetara akụkọ dị mma site n'aka Doug McKelway nke Fox News Channel, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ihu igwe Kevin Trenberth na Michael Oppenheimer katọrọ akụkọ a, Trenberth kpọrọ ya "ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-enweghị isi" na Oppenheims na-akpọ ya "ihe na-ezighi ezi". <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.foxnews.com/politics/new-study-says-threat-of-man-made-global-warming-greatly-exaggerated|title=New study says threat of man-made global warming greatly exaggerated|work=[[Fox News Channel]]|date=September 19, 2013|accessdate=March 16, 2014|author=McKelway, Doug}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mediamatters.org/blog/2013/09/18/fox-equates-faux-un-climate-report-with-the-rea/195947|title=Fox Equates Faux UN Climate Report With The Real Thing|work=[[Media Matters for America]]|date=September 18, 2013|accessdate=March 16, 2014|author=McKelway, Doug}}</ref> ==== Ọnọdụ ihu igwe ==== N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2009, mgbe esemokwu email nke Climatic Research Unit gasịrị, onye na-abụ abụ dere otu echiche maka Reuters nke o kwuru na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ejirila Nnyocha ndị ọgbọ mee ihe n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, rụgidere ndị editọ ka ha gbochie mbipụta nke echiche ndị ọzọ, ma mebie ndị mmegide. O kwukwara na ozi ịntanetị ndị a na-agbapụta gosipụtara na "ihe ọmụma okpomọkụ nke [[Ngalaba Gọọmentị Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ihu igwe|IPCC]] dabere na ya dabere na data na algọridim gbagọrọ agbagọ nke ha na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị agaghị ekerịta. " O kwuru na ihe omume ahụ kpughere usoro na-adịghị mma, nakwa na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-aga n'okpuru ọbụna ka gas ndị na-ekpo ọkụ dị ka CO<nowiki><sub id="mwAvA">2</sub></nowiki> na-abawanye na ikuku. O dere, sị: "Njikọ a na-adịghị mma na-emegide nsonaazụ nke ụdị nke IPCC dabere na ya ma na-egosi na okpomọkụ ụwa nke mmadụ (AGW) dị obere," na-ekwubi "ma ugbu a ọ na-apụta na okpomanya ụwa nwere ike ịbụ 'mmadụ mere' n'ezie. " Kọmitii British House of Commons Science and Technology Select mechara wepụta akụkọ nke wepụrụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2010/07/08/science/earth/08climate.html|author=Gillis|first=Justin|title=British Panel Clears Climate Scientists|date=July 8, 2010|work=The New York Times|accessdate=August 23, 2025}}</ref> na kọmitii asatọ nyochara ebubo ahụ, na-enweghị ihe aka ebe nke aghụghọ ma ọ bụ omume ọjọọ sayensị. == Ọnwụ == N'ọnwa Eprel 6, 2020, onye na-abụ abụ nwụrụ n'ụlọ ndị agadi na Rockville, Maryland. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news|title=Dr. S. Fred Singer, R.I.P.|url=https://www.heartland.org/news-opinion/news/dr-s-fred-singer-rip|accessdate=April 7, 2020|work=The Heartland Institute|language=en}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} == Hụkwa == * Sayensị dịpụrụ adịpụ * Ịṅụ sịga nke abụọ * ''Ike nke Nnukwu Mmanụ'' == Ihe edeturu == * [https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/merchants-of-doubt-9781596916104/ Oreskes, Naomi na Erik Conway. 2010. Ndị na-ere ahịa nke obi abụọ: Otu ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị si kpuchie eziokwu na nsogbu site na anwụrụ sịga ruo okpomọkụ ụwa. Bloomsbury] E debere ya na July 21, 2017, na Wayback Machine == Njikọ mpụga == *   [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dzwbcp6ileo5a2anwodkbhqrue6zn4x 0 76913 656685 2026-06-22T18:20:44Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356590618|Opa River]]" 656685 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Osimiri Opa''' bụ osimiri dị mkpa na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa. Ọ na-asọ gafee obodo Ile-Ife na ogige mahadum Obafemi Awolowo.Osimiri a bụ otu n’ime osimiri ndị na-asọba n’ime Shasha River ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n’usoro mmiri nke mpaghara ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adedeji|first=Adebukola A|date=2020|title=Assessment of the Ecological Status of OPA Reservoir, ILE IFE, Nigeria Based on a Comparative Study of its Planktonic Community and Water Quality Parameters|journal=Open Academic Journal of Advanced Science and Technology|volume=4|pages=1–14|doi=10.33094/5.2017.2020.41.1.14}}</ref> == Ọdịdị ala na ọdịdị ala == Osimiri Opa dị na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naijiria, na-agafe obodo Ile-Ife na ogige Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo. Ọ gafere ihe dịka kilomita 40 (maịl 25) n’ogologo. Isi mmalite ya sitere n’ugwu ndị dị gburugburu Ile-Ife.<ref>{{Cite web|title=River Opa|url=https://www.mindat.org/feature-2325938.html}}</ref> N’ihi na osimiri ahụ dị na mpaghara okpomọkụ , ọnọdụ ihu igwe nke mpaghara ahụ na-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu n’àgwà mmiri ya na usoro ọ na-asọ. N’ihe gbasara nkume ndị dị n’okpuru ala, mpaghara mmiri na-anakọta n’ime Osimiri Opa dị n’elu nkume kristal siri ike nke a na-akpọ basement rocks, nke gụnyere granite, gneiss, na schist.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ola|first=Anuoluwapo Victoria|url=https://ttl.run.edu.ng/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=31562|title=The history of Ipetumodu from pre-colonial period to 2015|date=2016|publisher=History and International Studies|edition=History and International Studies|series=Ipetumodu History, Pre-colonial period, Social- Cultura Era|location=Humanities}}</ref> Ọnọdụ ala a dị mgbagwoju anya na-akpụzi ọdịdị ala nke osimiri ahụ. A na-eji ngwakọta nke NE-SW na NW-SE mara ụzọ osimiri ahụ, na-egosipụta mmetụta nke lithologies dị iche iche na ọrụ tectonic. Ihe ndị dị na mpaghara nke Osimiri Opa gụnyere ọwa nke anọ, nke nwere ogologo na njupụta dịgasị iche iche. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụkụ iyi ahụ sitere na 0.08 km ruo 4.33 km, na-egosi mmụba nke njikwa mgbawa nke iyi site na ala ruo n'elu. Ọnụ ọgụgụ mmiri na-adọba mmiri dị elu, na ndagwurugwu na-agbanwe agbanwe. Usoro mmiri nke osimiri ahụ bụ dendritic, na ndị na-esite n'ugwu ndị gbara ya gburugburu na-asọba n'osimiri ahụ. Ihe na-agbakọta bụ nke dị n'etiti ruo n'elu, ebe ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ogologo, na oke ogologo dị n'elu ruo n'etiti. Njirimara ndị a na-enye aka na mmiri nke osimiri ahụ. Ebe Mmiri nke Osimiri Opa na-ekpuchi ihe dịka 110 km2, na-agụnye ebe obibi, ugbo nyocha, na obodo ime obodo. Ọdịdị ala nke mmiri ahụ, ojiji ala, na geology na-emekọrịta ihe iji metụta ogo mmiri nke osimiri ahụ, ndụ mmiri, na gburugburu ebe obibi .<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Konwea|first=C. I.|title=Assessment of geomorphic and morphometry characteristics of parts of Shasha and Opa river basins in Obafemi Awolowo University Campus, Southwestern Nigeria|journal=Ife International Journal of Science|url=https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijs/article/view/233891|volume=24|issue=2|pages=173–188|date=13 October 2022}}</ref> == Mmụta gbasara mmiri == Mmiri nke Osimiri Opa na-ejikarị mgbanwe oge mara, na-asọsi ike n'oge mmiri ozuzo (Eprel-Oktoba) na obere mmiri n'oge ọkọchị (Nọvemba- Maachị). Ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu na-emekarị na July-August, ebe a na-eme ka mmiri dị n'okpuru ala na-aga n'ihu.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=Abridged Report: State of Osun Structure Plans Project|url=https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2020/09/abridged_report_state_of_osun_structure_plans_project.pdf|journal=UN-Habitat|date=September 2020|accessdate=4 September 2025}}</ref> Mgbanwe a na-agafe na-enwe mmetụta dị ịrịba ama maka njikwa mmiri na usoro okike mmiri.<ref name="tandfonline.com">{{Cite journal|author=Eludoyin|first=Adebayo Oluwole|date=2 July 2020|title=A remote sensing-based evaluation of an ungauged drainage basin in Southwestern Nigeria|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15715124.2019.1640226|journal=International Journal of River Basin Management|language=en|volume=18|issue=3|pages=307–319|doi=10.1080/15715124.2019.1640226|issn=1571-5124}}</ref> Ọdịdị mmiri nke Osimiri Opa na-emetụta ọtụtụ ihe, gụnyere mmiri ọrụ ugbo sitere na ugbo nyocha na obodo ime obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu, mmetụta mmepe obodo site na obodo Ile-Ife na ogige Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo, na geology, yana nkume ndị dị n'okpuru ala na-enye aka na mmiri siri ike. Ihe ndị a na-enye aka na mgbanwe na ogo mmiri, na-emetụta ndụ mmiri na ojiji mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Projects – Ecological Project Office|url=https://ecologicalproject.gov.ng/projects/|accessdate=13 October 2024|language=en-US}}</ref> Osimiri Opa na-eche ihe ịma aka mmiri ihu, gụnyere idei mmiri n'oge nnukwu mmiri ozuzo, siltation n'ihi mmụba nke sediment, na mmetọ mmiri sitere na ọrụ ugbo na obodo.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Aliu|first=Olanrewaju O.|date=6 April 2020|title=Biological assessment of the headwater rivers of Opa Reservoir, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, using ecological methods|journal=The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology|volume=81|issue=1|pages=11|doi=10.1186/s41936-020-00151-5|issn=2090-990X}}</ref> == Ọdọ Mmiri Opa == Ọdọ Mmiri Opa bụ mmiri mmadụ mere nke dị n'ime ogige Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo na Ile-Ife, ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa.E hiwere ọdọ mmiri a n’afọ 1978, ma ọ na-arụ ọrụ dịka isi usoro inye mmiri maka ndị bi na ndị na-arụ ọrụ n’ime mahadum ahụ . Ihe ndị e ji mara ọdọ mmiri ahụ gụnyere Ogologo nke kilomita 2.5.,Obosara nke kilomita 0.8. N’ịzaghachi oke idei mmiihe dịka nwe ya nke mere n’ọ2a, gbasaa, ma gwuo ọwa mmiri nke Osimiri Ogbe Esimirin, bụ isi iyi mmiri na-asọba n’ime Osimiri Opa, ruo n’ókèala mahadum ahụ.Ọ bụ ezie na ebumnuche ọrụ a bụ ibelata nsogbu idei mmiri, ọ kpatara n’amaghị ama nchikọta ájá na ntụ (siltation) n’ime osimiri ma gbochie mmiri Osimiri Opa ịsọ nke ọma n’ebe mmiri Osimiri Ogbe Esimirin na-abanye n’ime ya.<ref name="aaa">{{Cite journal|author=Adedeji|first=Adebukola A.|date=2020|title=Assessment of the Ecological Status of OPA Reservoir, ILE IFE, Nigeria Based on a Comparative Study of its Planktonic Community and Water Quality Parameters|url=https://onlineacademicpress.com/index.php/OAJAST/article/view/211/601|journal=Open Academic Journal of Advanced Science and Technology|language=en|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1–14|doi=10.33094/5.2017.2020.41.1.14|issn=2577-7807}}</ref> == Mkpa na nchekwa == Osimiri Opa na Dam na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkpụzi njirimara mmiri nke ogige Mahadum Obafemi Awolowo. Osimiri Opa na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na akụ na ụba nke obodo ndị gbara ya gburugburu. Mkpa ya na-agbasa n'inye [[Mmịrị ọṅụṅụ|mmiri ọṅụṅụ]] maka ebe obibi, ọrụ ugbo, na ebumnuche ụlọ ọrụ, na-akwado ịgba mmiri maka ihe ọkụkụ na anụ ụlọ, yana inye aka na nchekwa nri.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Securing a Sustainable Future: Protecting Opa Dam, the Lifeline of Obafemi Awolowo University and Beyond|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/07/securing-a-sustainable-future-protecting-opa-dam-the-lifeline-of-obafemi-awolowo-university-and-beyond|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]|date=July 2024|accessdate=4 September 2025}}</ref> Tụkwasị na nke a, osimiri ahụ na-echekwa ụdị dị iche iche, na-achịkwa usoro mmiri, ma na-ebelata Mgbanwe ihu igwe, na-enye ohere maka [[Iku azu|ịkụ azụ]] na njem nleta gburugburu ebe obibi. O nwekwara uru ime mmụọ na ọdịbendị maka obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ. Ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri ahụ dị oke mkpa maka ịnọgide na-enwe nguzozi dị nro nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Otú ọ dị, Osimiri Opa na-eche ọtụtụ egwu ihu, gụnyere mgbukpọ ọhịa na mmebi ala, mmetọ sitere na nsị ọrụ ugbo na ihe mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ, mgbanwe ihu igwe na mgbanwe, iwepụ mmiri n'ụzọ gabigara ókè, na njikwa mkpofu ezughi oke. Egwu ndị a chọrọ mgbalị nchedo ngwa ngwa iji hụ na osimiri ahụ ga-adịgide adịgide.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oginni|first=F.|date=2014|title=Assessment of sanitation levels of sources of water in Osun State Capital, Nigeria|journal=International Journal of Water and Sanitation|volume=XX|issue=YY|pages=ZZ–ZZ}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Ȯra Osun]] mwzd0vsz4ad5jlxsknwhffbtljncbxq 0 76914 656716 2026-06-23T04:01:12Z ~2026-36470-62 62541 Jiri '{{Short description|Nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam}} '''Bùi Văn Thanh''' (sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003), thường được biết đến với nghệ danh '''Thanh1''' (đọc là ''Thanh Mốt''), là một nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam. Anh hoạt động trong lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc kỹ thuật số, tập trung vào các thể loại nhạc điện tử, phonk và nhạc không lời...' kere ihü 656716 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam}} '''Bùi Văn Thanh''' (sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003), thường được biết đến với nghệ danh '''Thanh1''' (đọc là ''Thanh Mốt''), là một nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam. Anh hoạt động trong lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc kỹ thuật số, tập trung vào các thể loại nhạc điện tử, phonk và nhạc không lời. {{Infobox musical artist | name = Bùi Văn Thanh | image = | caption = Thanh1 năm 2026 | birth_name = Bùi Văn Thanh | alias = | birth_date = 17 tháng 4, 2003 | birth_place = Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam | origin = 🇻🇳 Việt Nam | occupation = Nhạc sĩ, Nhà sản xuất âm nhạc | years_active = 2021–nay | genre = Phonk, EDM, Nhạc điện tử, Nhạc không lời | instrument = | label = Độc lập }} == Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp == === 2003–2021: Đầu đời và khởi đầu sự nghiệp === Bùi Văn Thanh sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003 tại Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam trong một gia đình nông dân. Lớn lên trong điều kiện bình thường ở khu vực nông thôn, anh sớm tiếp xúc với công nghệ và dành sự quan tâm đặc biệt cho âm nhạc. Năm 2021, Thanh bắt đầu tìm hiểu và theo đuổi lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc. Trong giai đoạn đầu, anh tập trung sáng tác và sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc thể loại nhạc điện tử (EDM) nhằm phát triển kỹ năng và theo đuổi niềm đam mê âm nhạc. Tuy nhiên, hoạt động âm nhạc trong thời kỳ này chủ yếu mang tính cá nhân và chưa tạo ra nguồn thu nhập ổn định. Năm 2023, Thanh tạm ngừng các hoạt động âm nhạc để tập trung vào lĩnh vực kinh doanh. Tuy nhiên, dự án kinh doanh của anh gặp khó khăn và phải chấm dứt sau một thời gian ngắn hoạt động. Sau đó, anh làm việc trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, nơi anh có cơ hội tiếp cận với các công nghệ số, nền tảng trực tuyến và phương thức phát triển nội dung hiện đại. Trong thời gian hoạt động trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, Thanh đồng thời tham gia sáng tạo nội dung trên mạng xã hội và quản lý các trang thông tin trực tuyến. Từ những kinh nghiệm tích lũy được, anh nhận thấy tiềm năng của việc kết hợp giữa sản xuất âm nhạc và truyền thông số nhằm đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc tiếp cận với nhiều đối tượng khán giả hơn. Sau đó, Thanh quay trở lại hoạt động âm nhạc dưới nghệ danh '''Thanh1'''. Anh tập trung sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc các thể loại như phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử, đồng thời ứng dụng kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực truyền thông để quảng bá và phân phối âm nhạc trên các nền tảng số. Theo các bài viết được đăng tải trên Báo Thái Nguyên và Báo Phú Thọ năm 2026, Thanh1 theo đuổi định hướng đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc số do người Việt Nam sáng tạo tiếp cận thị trường quốc tế thông qua các nền tảng phân phối và truyền thông trực tuyến. == Phong cách âm nhạc == Âm nhạc của Thanh1 chủ yếu thuộc các thể loại phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử. Các sản phẩm của anh thường hướng đến tính ứng dụng trong môi trường truyền thông số, nội dung trực tuyến và các nền tảng chia sẻ video. == Bản phát hành lẻ == {| class="wikitable" !Single Release !Year |- |Dtarlight |2026 |- |Nightlife |2026 |- |Parkour |2026 |- |Drift |2026 |- |Burning |2026 |- |Scene |2026 |- |} * Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/7qNBFXapr96YDgEUm42ccy * YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UCbzkS6xWdQrDi532hRaqX1g == Tham khảo == * {{Cite web |url=https://baothainguyen.vn/van-hoa/van-hoc-nghe-thuat/202606/khat-vong-lan-toa-am-nhac-viet-ra-the-gioi-cua-music-producer-bui-van-thanh-64c5f22/ |title=Khát vọng lan tỏa âm nhạc Việt ra thế giới của Music Producer Bùi Văn Thanh |website=Báo Thái Nguyên }} * {{Cite web |url=https://baophutho.vn/bui-van-thanh-tren-hanh-trinh-dua-am-nhac-so-viet-nam-ra-thi-truong-quoc-te-255644.htm |title=Bùi Văn Thanh trên hành trình đưa âm nhạc số Việt Nam ra thị trường quốc tế |website=Báo Phú Thọ }} go25x0h1lq8fikm9uu4mn29txjtjf0u 656733 656716 2026-06-23T09:07:03Z ~2026-36506-97 62543 /* */ 656733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam}} '''Bùi Văn Thanh''' (sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003), thường được biết đến với nghệ danh '''Thanh1''' (đọc là ''Thanh Mốt''), là một nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam. Anh hoạt động trong lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc kỹ thuật số, tập trung vào các thể loại nhạc điện tử, phonk và nhạc không lời. {{Infobox musical artist | name = Bùi Văn Thanh | image = Thanh1.jpg | caption = Thanh năm 2025 | birth_name = Bùi Văn Thanh | alias = | birth_date = 17 tháng 4, 2003 | birth_place = Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam | origin = 🇻🇳 Việt Nam | occupation = Nhạc sĩ, Nhà sản xuất âm nhạc | years_active = 2021–nay | genre = Phonk, EDM, Nhạc điện tử, Nhạc không lời | instrument = | label = Độc lập }} == Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp == === 2003–2021: Đầu đời và khởi đầu sự nghiệp === Bùi Văn Thanh sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003 tại Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam trong một gia đình nông dân. Lớn lên trong điều kiện bình thường ở khu vực nông thôn, anh sớm tiếp xúc với công nghệ và dành sự quan tâm đặc biệt cho âm nhạc. Năm 2021, Thanh bắt đầu tìm hiểu và theo đuổi lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc. Trong giai đoạn đầu, anh tập trung sáng tác và sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc thể loại nhạc điện tử (EDM) nhằm phát triển kỹ năng và theo đuổi niềm đam mê âm nhạc. Tuy nhiên, hoạt động âm nhạc trong thời kỳ này chủ yếu mang tính cá nhân và chưa tạo ra nguồn thu nhập ổn định. Năm 2023, Thanh tạm ngừng các hoạt động âm nhạc để tập trung vào lĩnh vực kinh doanh. Tuy nhiên, dự án kinh doanh của anh gặp khó khăn và phải chấm dứt sau một thời gian ngắn hoạt động. Sau đó, anh làm việc trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, nơi anh có cơ hội tiếp cận với các công nghệ số, nền tảng trực tuyến và phương thức phát triển nội dung hiện đại. Trong thời gian hoạt động trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, Thanh đồng thời tham gia sáng tạo nội dung trên mạng xã hội và quản lý các trang thông tin trực tuyến. Từ những kinh nghiệm tích lũy được, anh nhận thấy tiềm năng của việc kết hợp giữa sản xuất âm nhạc và truyền thông số nhằm đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc tiếp cận với nhiều đối tượng khán giả hơn. Sau đó, Thanh quay trở lại hoạt động âm nhạc dưới nghệ danh '''Thanh1'''. Anh tập trung sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc các thể loại như phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử, đồng thời ứng dụng kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực truyền thông để quảng bá và phân phối âm nhạc trên các nền tảng số. Theo các bài viết được đăng tải trên Báo Thái Nguyên và Báo Phú Thọ năm 2026, Thanh1 theo đuổi định hướng đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc số do người Việt Nam sáng tạo tiếp cận thị trường quốc tế thông qua các nền tảng phân phối và truyền thông trực tuyến. == Phong cách âm nhạc == Âm nhạc của Thanh1 chủ yếu thuộc các thể loại phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử. Các sản phẩm của anh thường hướng đến tính ứng dụng trong môi trường truyền thông số, nội dung trực tuyến và các nền tảng chia sẻ video. == Bản phát hành lẻ == {| class="wikitable" !Single Release !Year |- |Dtarlight |2026 |- |Nightlife |2026 |- |Parkour |2026 |- |Drift |2026 |- |Burning |2026 |- |Scene |2026 |- |} * Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/7qNBFXapr96YDgEUm42ccy * YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UCbzkS6xWdQrDi532hRaqX1g == Tham khảo == * {{Cite web |url=https://baothainguyen.vn/van-hoa/van-hoc-nghe-thuat/202606/khat-vong-lan-toa-am-nhac-viet-ra-the-gioi-cua-music-producer-bui-van-thanh-64c5f22/ |title=Khát vọng lan tỏa âm nhạc Việt ra thế giới của Music Producer Bùi Văn Thanh |website=Báo Thái Nguyên }} * {{Cite web |url=https://baophutho.vn/bui-van-thanh-tren-hanh-trinh-dua-am-nhac-so-viet-nam-ra-thi-truong-quoc-te-255644.htm |title=Bùi Văn Thanh trên hành trình đưa âm nhạc số Việt Nam ra thị trường quốc tế |website=Báo Phú Thọ }} 3732np41oa1ctzurl2z1iaop0r7q7xi 656734 656733 2026-06-23T09:13:45Z ~2026-36506-97 62543 /* */ 656734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam}} '''Bùi Văn Thanh''' (sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003), thường được biết đến với nghệ danh '''Thanh1''' (đọc là ''Thanh Mốt''), là một nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam. Anh hoạt động trong lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc kỹ thuật số, tập trung vào các thể loại nhạc điện tử, phonk và nhạc không lời. {{Infobox musical artist | name = Bùi Văn Thanh | image = Thanh1.jpg | caption = Thanh năm 2025 | birth_name = Bùi Văn Thanh | alias = Thanh1 | birth_date = 17 tháng 4, 2003 | birth_place = Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam | origin = 🇻🇳 Việt Nam | occupation = Nhạc sĩ, Nhà sản xuất âm nhạc | years_active = 2021–nay | genre = Phonk, EDM, Nhạc điện tử, Nhạc không lời | instrument = | label = Độc lập }} == Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp == === 2003–2021: Đầu đời và khởi đầu sự nghiệp === Bùi Văn Thanh sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003 tại Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam trong một gia đình nông dân. Lớn lên trong điều kiện bình thường ở khu vực nông thôn, anh sớm tiếp xúc với công nghệ và dành sự quan tâm đặc biệt cho âm nhạc. Năm 2021, Thanh bắt đầu tìm hiểu và theo đuổi lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc. Trong giai đoạn đầu, anh tập trung sáng tác và sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc thể loại nhạc điện tử (EDM) nhằm phát triển kỹ năng và theo đuổi niềm đam mê âm nhạc. Tuy nhiên, hoạt động âm nhạc trong thời kỳ này chủ yếu mang tính cá nhân và chưa tạo ra nguồn thu nhập ổn định. Năm 2023, Thanh tạm ngừng các hoạt động âm nhạc để tập trung vào lĩnh vực kinh doanh. Tuy nhiên, dự án kinh doanh của anh gặp khó khăn và phải chấm dứt sau một thời gian ngắn hoạt động. Sau đó, anh làm việc trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, nơi anh có cơ hội tiếp cận với các công nghệ số, nền tảng trực tuyến và phương thức phát triển nội dung hiện đại. Trong thời gian hoạt động trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, Thanh đồng thời tham gia sáng tạo nội dung trên mạng xã hội và quản lý các trang thông tin trực tuyến. Từ những kinh nghiệm tích lũy được, anh nhận thấy tiềm năng của việc kết hợp giữa sản xuất âm nhạc và truyền thông số nhằm đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc tiếp cận với nhiều đối tượng khán giả hơn. Sau đó, Thanh quay trở lại hoạt động âm nhạc dưới nghệ danh '''Thanh1'''. Anh tập trung sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc các thể loại như phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử, đồng thời ứng dụng kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực truyền thông để quảng bá và phân phối âm nhạc trên các nền tảng số. Theo các bài viết được đăng tải trên Báo Thái Nguyên và Báo Phú Thọ năm 2026, Thanh1 theo đuổi định hướng đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc số do người Việt Nam sáng tạo tiếp cận thị trường quốc tế thông qua các nền tảng phân phối và truyền thông trực tuyến. == Phong cách âm nhạc == Âm nhạc của Thanh1 chủ yếu thuộc các thể loại phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử. Các sản phẩm của anh thường hướng đến tính ứng dụng trong môi trường truyền thông số, nội dung trực tuyến và các nền tảng chia sẻ video. == Bản phát hành lẻ == {| class="wikitable" !Single Release !Year |- |Dtarlight |2026 |- |Nightlife |2026 |- |Parkour |2026 |- |Drift |2026 |- |Burning |2026 |- |Scene |2026 |- |} * Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/artist/7qNBFXapr96YDgEUm42ccy * YouTube: https://youtube.com/channel/UCbzkS6xWdQrDi532hRaqX1g == Tham khảo == * {{Cite web |url=https://baothainguyen.vn/van-hoa/van-hoc-nghe-thuat/202606/khat-vong-lan-toa-am-nhac-viet-ra-the-gioi-cua-music-producer-bui-van-thanh-64c5f22/ |title=Khát vọng lan tỏa âm nhạc Việt ra thế giới của Music Producer Bùi Văn Thanh |website=Báo Thái Nguyên }} * {{Cite web |url=https://baophutho.vn/bui-van-thanh-tren-hanh-trinh-dua-am-nhac-so-viet-nam-ra-thi-truong-quoc-te-255644.htm |title=Bùi Văn Thanh trên hành trình đưa âm nhạc số Việt Nam ra thị trường quốc tế |website=Báo Phú Thọ }} olmm3sxua5n5dzdg72mhtgpb9g4oln2 656735 656734 2026-06-23T09:14:24Z ~2026-36506-97 62543 /* Bản phát hành lẻ */ 656735 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam}} '''Bùi Văn Thanh''' (sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003), thường được biết đến với nghệ danh '''Thanh1''' (đọc là ''Thanh Mốt''), là một nhạc sĩ và nhà sản xuất âm nhạc người Việt Nam. Anh hoạt động trong lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc kỹ thuật số, tập trung vào các thể loại nhạc điện tử, phonk và nhạc không lời. {{Infobox musical artist | name = Bùi Văn Thanh | image = Thanh1.jpg | caption = Thanh năm 2025 | birth_name = Bùi Văn Thanh | alias = Thanh1 | birth_date = 17 tháng 4, 2003 | birth_place = Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam | origin = 🇻🇳 Việt Nam | occupation = Nhạc sĩ, Nhà sản xuất âm nhạc | years_active = 2021–nay | genre = Phonk, EDM, Nhạc điện tử, Nhạc không lời | instrument = | label = Độc lập }} == Cuộc đời và sự nghiệp == === 2003–2021: Đầu đời và khởi đầu sự nghiệp === Bùi Văn Thanh sinh ngày 17 tháng 4 năm 2003 tại Thái Nguyên, Việt Nam trong một gia đình nông dân. Lớn lên trong điều kiện bình thường ở khu vực nông thôn, anh sớm tiếp xúc với công nghệ và dành sự quan tâm đặc biệt cho âm nhạc. Năm 2021, Thanh bắt đầu tìm hiểu và theo đuổi lĩnh vực sản xuất âm nhạc. Trong giai đoạn đầu, anh tập trung sáng tác và sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc thể loại nhạc điện tử (EDM) nhằm phát triển kỹ năng và theo đuổi niềm đam mê âm nhạc. Tuy nhiên, hoạt động âm nhạc trong thời kỳ này chủ yếu mang tính cá nhân và chưa tạo ra nguồn thu nhập ổn định. Năm 2023, Thanh tạm ngừng các hoạt động âm nhạc để tập trung vào lĩnh vực kinh doanh. Tuy nhiên, dự án kinh doanh của anh gặp khó khăn và phải chấm dứt sau một thời gian ngắn hoạt động. Sau đó, anh làm việc trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, nơi anh có cơ hội tiếp cận với các công nghệ số, nền tảng trực tuyến và phương thức phát triển nội dung hiện đại. Trong thời gian hoạt động trong lĩnh vực truyền thông, Thanh đồng thời tham gia sáng tạo nội dung trên mạng xã hội và quản lý các trang thông tin trực tuyến. Từ những kinh nghiệm tích lũy được, anh nhận thấy tiềm năng của việc kết hợp giữa sản xuất âm nhạc và truyền thông số nhằm đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc tiếp cận với nhiều đối tượng khán giả hơn. Sau đó, Thanh quay trở lại hoạt động âm nhạc dưới nghệ danh '''Thanh1'''. Anh tập trung sản xuất các tác phẩm thuộc các thể loại như phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử, đồng thời ứng dụng kinh nghiệm trong lĩnh vực truyền thông để quảng bá và phân phối âm nhạc trên các nền tảng số. Theo các bài viết được đăng tải trên Báo Thái Nguyên và Báo Phú Thọ năm 2026, Thanh1 theo đuổi định hướng đưa các sản phẩm âm nhạc số do người Việt Nam sáng tạo tiếp cận thị trường quốc tế thông qua các nền tảng phân phối và truyền thông trực tuyến. == Phong cách âm nhạc == Âm nhạc của Thanh1 chủ yếu thuộc các thể loại phonk, EDM và nhạc điện tử. Các sản phẩm của anh thường hướng đến tính ứng dụng trong môi trường truyền thông số, nội dung trực tuyến và các nền tảng chia sẻ video. == Bản phát hành lẻ == {| class="wikitable" !Single Release !Year |- |Dtarlight |2026 |- |Nightlife |2026 |- |Parkour |2026 |- |Drift |2026 |- |Burning |2026 |- |Scene |2026 |- |} == Tham khảo == * {{Cite web |url=https://baothainguyen.vn/van-hoa/van-hoc-nghe-thuat/202606/khat-vong-lan-toa-am-nhac-viet-ra-the-gioi-cua-music-producer-bui-van-thanh-64c5f22/ |title=Khát vọng lan tỏa âm nhạc Việt ra thế giới của Music Producer Bùi Văn Thanh |website=Báo Thái Nguyên }} * {{Cite web |url=https://baophutho.vn/bui-van-thanh-tren-hanh-trinh-dua-am-nhac-so-viet-nam-ra-thi-truong-quoc-te-255644.htm |title=Bùi Văn Thanh trên hành trình đưa âm nhạc số Việt Nam ra thị trường quốc tế |website=Báo Phú Thọ }} h4bqa12c0046kpvite3pcfvuz4ld9ws 0 76915 656726 2026-06-23T06:16:49Z Amaka of God 62412 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1302352413|Gaius Obaseki]]" 656726 wikitext text/x-wiki Chief Gaius Obaseki CBE bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria bụ osote onye isi otu Action Group na 1951.[1] Ọ bụ onye ndu otu ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na Benin na ndị ọrụ nkwekọrịta bụ ndị na-achọ nnọchite na olu na ọchịchị Benin.[2] Enyere ya utu aha Iyase nke Benin site na nkwado nke ndị ntorobịa gụrụ akwụkwọ, obodo ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi na ndị ọchịchị colonial bụ ndị ọ na-arụrụ ya ọrụ n'oge gara aga.[3] Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị ntorobịa gụrụ akwụkwọ bụ ndị kwadoro ịrị elu ya na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere nkụda mmụọ n'ihi ọrụ Emegharịrị Ogboni na Benin nke nwere Obaseki dịka onye nwe ya (Oluwo).[4] Obaseki bụ onye ahọpụtara ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ọgbakọ omebe iwu Naijiria na ndị isi ọchịchị Gọvanọ. Ọ jere ozi na ọkwa ndị a mgbe ọ na-achị aha Iyase. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Obaseki site n'ezinụlọ Agho Obaseki, onye isi obodo Benin. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị gọọmentị Benin na ụlọ akwụkwọ nyocha, Lagos. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ọchịchị colonial dị ka onye ntụgharị okwu tupu ọ laa ezumike nká dị ka Chief Clerk na ụlọ ọrụ ndị bi.[5] Mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká, o guzobere azụmahịa osisi. A họpụtara Obaseki bụ Iyase nke Benin n'afọ 1948 ka ọ nwetara nkwado nke otu ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi obodo Benin bụ ndị ndị ọrụ ngo ibe ya na-edu.[6] na ndị ntorobịa gụrụ akwụkwọ nọ na ngalaba ahụ. Obiọma sitere na ngalaba ndị a nke obodo Benin mere ka o kwe omume n'ihi na ọ bụghị onye mbụ na-ahọrọ nke Oba Akenzua II. Ezinụlọ abụọ a nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme, nna Akenzua, Oba Eweka na nna Obaseki, Agho, ndị Iyase bụ ndị mmegide.[6] Ka emezigharịrị n'usoro ọchịchị obodo, otu ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi nwetara ikike nke otu kansụl ngalaba nke Benin mebere ọhụrụ. Obaseki ghọrọ onye isi oche nke kansụl ọhụrụ ma bụrụkwa onye isi oche ndị ọrụ nchịkwa nchịkwa nke na-ahazi ọrụ nke Benin Central Council, ikike ala nke Oba na Divisional Council na-edu.[7]E mechara họpụta ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị omebe iwu na Council Executive Gọvanọ. N'afọ 1930, ụfọdụ ndị omeiwu Benin hibere ụlọ obibi Benin nke Reformed Ogboni, bụ ọgbakọ sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke ndị Yoruba bi na Legọs malitere.[8] Obaseki ghọrọ onye ndu (oluwo) nke otu ahụ, otu ahụ jikọtara ya na otu ndị na-atụ ụtụ isi wee gaa n'ihu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na mpaghara Benin site na 1948 ruo 1951. Ụfọdụ ndị obodo na-atụ Ogbonis egwu mana ọ nwekwara echiche na-aga n'ihu maka ndị ọchịchị ọdịnala na-emegide ndị omenala Benin. N'oge onyeisi oche Obaseki, Council Divisional wefere mkpesa ka e belata ụgwọ ọnwa nke Oba na ịmanye Oba ka ọ chọọ nkwado tupu inye ụmụ amaala aha nke onyeisi ndị site na ọdịdị nke aha ọhụrụ nwere ike ịghọ ndị otu kansụl. Otú ọ dị, e boro kansụl ahụ na ọ bụ Ọgbonis na-achị ya - bụ onye rụgidere ndị ọchịchị obodo ka ha weta ma ọ bụ kwalite ndị otu ha n'ihi ndị ọzọ. [9] Ihe omume ndị Ogboni mere butere mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma sitere na akụkụ nke ọha mmadụ, ọkachasị ndị ntorobịa gụrụ akwụkwọ bụ ndị kwadoro Obaseki dịka Iyase.. Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ ndị Benin lere Ogboni anya dị ka ndọtị nke ọchịchị ndị Yoruba, ọkachasị ebe ndị isi ndị Ogboni sonyeere otu ihe kacha bụrụ Yoruba Action Group n’afọ 1951. E hiwere otu ndọrọ ndọrọ bụ Otu Edo iji maa ndị Ogboni aka n’isi nke ịkwalite ụlọ ọrụ ọdịnala. Otu Edo gara n’ihu imeri ntuliaka ime obodo n’afọ 1951.[10] Agbanyeghị, Obaseki gara n'ihu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na Ibadan na Legọs dịka onye otu ụlọ ọgbakọ omebe iwu Western na Council of Legislative. Ọ nwụrụ na 1956. == Ihe ndetu == {{Reflist}} == Edensibia == orq6dcokjx86o881wq3yk0v20kmmr97 0 76916 656732 2026-06-23T09:00:13Z Nachi kim 20090 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1357180210|Wilbur Plaugher]]" 656732 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''Wilbur Plaugher''' (Machị 13, 1922 - Jenụwarị 2, 2018) bụ onye Amerịka na-elekọta ehi, rodeo clown na Onye na-enye nkịta ọzụzụ. == Ndụ na ọrụ == A mụrụ Plaugher na [[Ohaïyo|Ohio]]. oge ọ dị afọ anọ, ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagere na [[California|Kalịfọnịa]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wranglernetwork.com/news/wilbur-plaugher-obituary/|title=ProRodeo Hall of Famer Plaugher Passes Away|work=Wrangler Network|date=January 3, 2018|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> N'afọ 1974, Plaugher na steer-wrestling, onye mmeri nke nwa efi Mark Schricker guzobere Fellowship nke Christian Cowboys dị ka ngalagba nke otu dịbu adị Fellowsship nke Christian Athletes.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|title=Can I Get a Yee-Haw and an Amen: Collecting and Interpreting Oral Histories of Texas Cowboy Churches|url=https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/etds/472|journal=Electronic Theses and Dissertations|date=2013-12-01|first=Jake|author=McAdams}}</ref> N'afọ 1982, a kpọrọ Plaugher ProRodeo Clown nke Year . <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.deseret.com/1990/7/26/18873067/oldest-rodeo-clown-is-also-famous-now/|title=Oldest Rodeo Clown Is Also Famous Now|work=[[Deseret News]]|first=Myrna|author=Trauntvein|date=July 26, 1990|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> N'afọ 1990, a enwebatara Plaugher na ProRodeo Hall nke Fame . <ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=https://www.prorodeohalloffame.com/inductees/contract-personnel/wilbur-plaugher/|title=Wilbur Plaugher|work=[[ProRodeo Hall of Fame]]|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> Plaugher nwụrụ <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article192851559.html|title=A true legend,' rodeo cowboy and clown Wilbur Plaugher lived large|work=[[The Fresno Bee]]|date=January 12, 2018|first=Carmen|author=George|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> na Jenụwarị 2, 2018, na Sanger, Kalịfọnịa, <ref name="a">{{Cite web|url=https://www.prorodeohalloffame.com/inductees/contract-personnel/wilbur-plaugher/|title=Wilbur Plaugher|work=[[ProRodeo Hall of Fame]]|accessdate=May 2, 2024}}</ref> oge ọ dị afọ 95. == Ihe Ndetu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}  == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}  [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] jm9zz69hkapjx34s90yk0e4ofsris9d 0 76917 656745 2026-06-23T10:58:47Z Neme244 16387 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1356591917|Njaba River]]" 656745 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Osimiri Njaba''' (a na-akpọkwa Njaba), nke dị n’ime Niger Delta Basin, bụ otu n’ime nnukwu iyi na-asọba n’ime Ọdọ Mmiri Oguta n’Ọwụwa Anyanwụ steeti Imo, Naịjirịa. Osimiri a nwere omimi nkezi ruru mita 4.5 (ụkwụ 15), ogologo ya dum bụ kilomita 78.2, ebe mmiri ya na-anakọta sitere na ya bụ ihe dịka kilomita skwea 145.63, ma nwee nkezi mmiri ọ na-ebufe pụrụ iche nke ruru ihe dịka mita kubik 1,700 kwa elekere. == Mmiri na-asọ == [[Faịlụ:Njaba_River_in_Njaba(2).jpg|thumb|290x290px|Ndị na-ahụ maka ọdịnala na-eme ka mmụọ / chi nke osimiri ahụ dị jụụ]] [[Faịlụ:Njaba_River_in_Njaba(4).jpg|thumb|290x290px|A na-ewere akụkụ a nke osimiri ahụ dị ka ihe dị nsọ nye ndị bi n'ime obodo]] Njaba na-asọ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ-ọdịda anyanwụ, na-esi na Amucha na Ekwe na-agafe ọtụtụ obodo gụnyere Okwudor, Awo-Omamma na [[Mgbidi]] tupu ọ banye n'[[Oguta Lake|Ọdọ Mmiri Oguta]]. == Mmanụ na Gas == Ụfọdụ n’ime ebe a na-amịpụta mmanụ dị n’ime mpaghara mmiri Osimiri Njaba gụnyere Ossu, Izombe na Njaba. A na-arụ ọrụ n’ebe ndị a n’okpuru OML 53 nke ChevronTexaco na OML 124 nke Addax Petroleum, ha abụọ dị na Izombe<ref name="rigzone.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rigzone.com/news/oil_gas/a/72217/Addax_Strikes_Oil_at_Njaba_2_Well_Onshore_Nigeria|title=Njaba Oil Wells|work=rigzone.com}}</ref>.<ref name="owel-linkso.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.owel-linkso.com/izombe_project|title=Izombe Gas Processing Project|work=owel-linkso.com}}</ref> OML 124 nwekwara olulu mmanụ ọzọ a na-akpọ Njaba 2 nke ka na-emepụtaghị nke ọma n’ala Naịjirịa. A chọpụtara ya n’ọnwa Disemba afọ 2008 n’obodo Awo-Omamma<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rns-pdf.londonstockexchange.com/rns/2934O_1-2009-3-4.pdf|title=Addax Petroleum Management's Discussion and Analysis (for the year ended December 31, 2008): 2008 Operational Update, p5|work=londonstockexchange.com}}</ref> Dị ka Addax Petroleum si kwuo, e nwekwara ọtụtụ ebe achọpụtala na ha nwere ike ịnwe mmanụ ma ọ bụ gas gburugburu Njaba, ma a kpụbeghị olulu nyocha ma ọ bụ nwalee ha. Ebe mmanụ a nwere ike ịghọ otu n’ime nnukwu ebe mmanụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ nwere na Naijira.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.addaxpetroleum.com/operations/nigeria|title=Addax Petroleum, License Areas; License|work=addaxpetroleum.com|accessdate=2015-08-04|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043917/https://www.addaxpetroleum.com/operations/nigeria}}</ref> N’ịgbaso ntụziaka nke Gọọmenti Etiti Naịjirịa nke chọrọ ka a kwụsị ịkụ gas ọkụ ruo n’afọ 2008, e mepụtara atụmatụ iji wulite ụlọọrụ nhazi gas n’ime mpaghara mmiri Osimiri Njaba n’okpuru Izombe Integrated Gas Processing Project. == Ahịa nkwụ == Obodo ndị dị n’akụkụ Osimiri Njaba gụnyere Oguta, Mgbidi, Osemotor na Awo-Omamma bụbu ebe ndị dị mkpa maka azụmahịa. Mgbe a kwụsịrị azụmahịa ohu n’afọ 1830, nkwụ mmanụ ghọrọ otu n’ime ihe ndị bụ isi e ji enweta ego n’ime mpaghara mmiri Osimiri Njaba <ref name="jsd-africa.com">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jsd-africa.com/Jsda/V12No2_Spring2010_B/PDF/A%20Survey%20of%20Ethno-Religions%20Crisis.pdf|title=Beyond The Platitude of Rehabilitation, Reconstruction, and Reconciliation in Nigeria: Revolutionary Pressures in The Niger Delta|first=Abraham Nabhon|author=Thomas|journal=Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa|volume=12|date=2010|issn=1520-5509}}</ref> . <ref name="dspace.ucalgary.ca">{{Cite journal|url=http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/bitstream/1880/48254/12/UofCPress_LandHasChanged_2010_Chapter01.pdf|title=The Land Has Changed: History, Society and Gender in Colonial Eastern Nigeria|first=Chima J.|author=Korieh|journal=University of Calgary Press}}</ref> E hiwere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta mmanụ nkwụ n’ọtụtụ obodo, gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ nkwụ Umuezukwe nke dị nso n’akụkụ mmiri na Awo-Omamma. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1903, mbupụ ngwaahịa mmanụ nkwụ mụbara nke ukwuu n’ihi ụzọ mmiri ọhụrụ e mepụtara iji bufee ngwaahịa ndị ahụ gaa n’ụsọ oké osimiri. == Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba, gburugburu ebe obibi, na akụrụngwa == Ndị ọkụ azụ, ebe ndị na-akụ azụ na ndị na-egbu azụ dị n'ọtụtụ obodo Imo State; ụfọdụ na-ahụ n'ime obodo ndị dị na [[Awo-Omamma]],[[Oguta]], Abiaziem, Nnebukwu, na Nkwesi na ọdọ mmiri Njaba, gụnyere Udoka Fish Farmers Group, [[Umuezukwe]], Awo-omamma na Kalabari Beach Fishermen Coop. Society, Oguta.<ref name="aquaticcommons.org">{{Cite web|url=http://aquaticcommons.org/848/1/FISON2003_007-011.pdf|first=H.O|author=Igwe|title=An Overview of The Capture Fisheries Development in Imo State|work=Department of Fisheries, [[Michael Okpara University of Agriculture]], [[Umudike]], [[Abia State]]|publisher=[[Aquatic Commons]]}}</ref> Ebe ha na-ebudata ma ọ bụ na-ebata ngwongwo ha gụnyere Umuezukwe (Ughamiri), Umudei, K-Beach, Osse Abiaziem, na Osemotor, ndị dị n’obodo Awo-Omamma na Oguta. Ndị ọrụ ugbo na ndị na-akụ azụ ndị a na-eche ọtụtụ nsogbu akụ na ụba ihu, nke na-egbochi ha ịrụ ọrụ ugbo na ịkụ azụ ha nke ọma ma nweta ezigbo mmepụta. A chọrọ itinye aka iji dozie ọtụtụ n'ime akụrụngwa ndị a na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime obodo ndị dị na [[Awo-omamma]]", [[Izombe]], Oguta, nnukwu ọdọ mmiri nwere mmanụ na ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na Imo steeti.Enyemaka dị mkpa na mmepe nke okporo ụzọ ndị a na-agafe agafe n'obodo nta na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri ndị a dị ka Umuezukwe, [[Ubahaeze]], Abiaziem, [[Izombe]] et al. yana ịkwado ọrụ nhazi azụ na ihe ọkụkụ nke oge a site na mmepụta ọkụ eletrik na enyemaka ọrụ ugbo.Na Mọnde, Jenụwarị 28, 2013, ndị ntorobịa iwe mere mkpesa maka enweghị mmetụta nke Gọọmentị Steeti maka nsogbu nke ndị ha na-ejikọta ụzọ ha na Okwudor na obodo ndị agbata obi ha, ha, kwuru na steeti ahụ hapụrụla ya ruo ọtụtụ afọ. <ref name="dailyindependentnig.com">{{Cite web|url=http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/01/angry-imo-youths-block-onitsha-owerri-highway/|title=Youths Protest Governments Insensitivity to their plight on Awo-Omamma Roads|date=January 2013|work=dailyindependentnig.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219194501/http://dailyindependentnig.com/2013/01/angry-imo-youths-block-onitsha-owerri-highway/|archivedate=2016-02-19}}</ref> Dị ka ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ nke Niger Delta, ịga n’ihu n’ịkụ gas ọkụ n’ụlọ ọrụ nchịkọta mmanụ na-ebute nnukwu ihe ize ndụ nye ịdị mma ikuku gburugburu ebe ahụ.<ref name="www.isesco.org.ma">{{Cite journal|url=http://www.isesco.org.ma/ISESCO_Technology_Vision/NUM16/doc/2.pdf|title=Impact of Gaseous Emissions from "E" Flow Station on Oguta Lake and its associated Tributaries, Niger Delta Basin, South Eastern Nigeria|first=Cosmas A|author=Ahiarakwem|volume=9|issue=16|date=November 2013}}</ref> A na-atụ anya na mgbe e mechara Ụlọọrụ Nhazi Gas Izombe, ọ ga-abụ nnukwu etiti nhazi gas dị n'ime ala nke ga-arụ ọrụ n'ịnakọta na ịhazi ọtụtụ gas ndị ka na-enweghị ụzọ eji arụ ọrụ n'akụkụ osimiri Njaba. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Ȯra Imo]] lzr1gnh9f2qk0vawik0a9j0sg1h7zdw