Wikipedia igwiki https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihu_mb%E1%BB%A5 MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.11 first-letter Midia Ọpụrụiche Ńkàtá Ojiarụ Ńkàtá ojiarụ Wikipedia Ńkàtá Wikipedia Faịlụ Ńkàtá faịlụ MidiaWiki Ńkàtá MidiaWiki Templeeti Ńkàtá templeeti Enyemaka Ńkàtá enyemaka Otú Ńkàtá otú Édēchághị́ Ńkàtá Édēchághị́ TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 12652 688413 642011 2026-07-18T09:59:16Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{databox}} [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Infobox person | name = Elsie Addo Awadzi | image = File:Mrs Elsie Awadzi.jpg | alt = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --> | caption = Addo speaking at the Ghana Securities Industry Association Summit during their 2018 Capital Market Week. | birth_name = | birth_date = | birth_place = Ghana | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = [[Ghanaian]] | other_names = | occupation = [[Lawyer]], [[Economist]], [[Author]] | years_active = | known_for = 2nd Deputy Governor of [[Bank of Ghana]] | notable_works = ''Designing Legal Frameworks for Public Debt Management'' | website = <!--{{url|}} --> }} '''Elsie Addo Awadzi''' bụ onye ọka iwu gbasara akụ na ụba na ego mba [[Ghana]] . A họpụtara ya dịka onye nnọchi anya Gọvanọ nke abụọ nke Bank of Ghana na February 2018, nwanyị nke abụọ jigoro ọkwa ahụ. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bog.gov.gh/governors-deputies/|title=List of Governors and Deputy Governors of the Bank since its inception|work=Bank of Ghana|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316091336/https://www.bog.gov.gh/governors-deputies/|archivedate=16 March 2021}}</ref> A họpụtara ya dị ka onye isi oche nke Alliance for Financial Inclusion's Gender Inclusive Finance Committee na 2020. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-17|title=AFI Gender Committee elects Elsie Addo Awadzi as Chairperson of GIFC|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/AFI-Gender-Committee-elects-Elsie-Addo-Awadzi-as-Chairperson-of-GIFC-1111369|accessdate=2020-11-20|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ == Addo gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ghana ma nwetakwa nzere iwu yana M.B.A. n'ihe gbasara ego. Ọ gara n'ihu na Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Iwu Mahadum Georgetown, bụ ebe ọ nwetara nzere Masters n'iwu na iwu azụmahịa na akụnụba mba ụwa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2018/02/elsie-awadzi-appointed-bog-2nd-deputy-governor/|title=Elsie Awadzi appointed as BoG 2nd Deputy Governor|date=2018-02-12|work=Citi 97.3 FM – Relevant Radio. Always|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-10|archivedate=2024-06-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240621203839/https://citifmonline.com/2018/02/elsie-awadzi-appointed-bog-2nd-deputy-governor/}}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/elsie-awadzi-named-as-first-female-bog-2nd-deputy-governor/|title=Elsie Awadzi named as first female BoG 2nd Deputy Governor {{!}} Business & Financial Times Online|author=Hayford|first=Norvan Acquah|date=13 February 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-10|archivedate=2020-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510130142/https://thebftonline.com/2018/business/elsie-awadzi-named-as-first-female-bog-2nd-deputy-governor/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanastar.com/news/akufo-addo-appoints-2nd-deputy-bog-governor/|title=Akufo-Addo Appoints 2nd Deputy BoG Governor|date=2018-02-12|work=The Ghana Star|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/834774/president-appoints-mrs-elsie-awadzi-as-2nd-bog.html|title=President Appoints Mrs. Elsie Awadzi As 2nd BoG Deputy Governor|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Addo rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye kọmishọna nke Ghana's Securities and Exchange Commission afọ isii wee bụrụ onye ndụmọdụ dị elu nke ngalaba iwu nke IMF (Financial and Fiscal Law Unit), ebe ọ na-adụ ọdụ na mgbanwe ngalaba ego n'ihe gbasara nleba anya nke I.M.F., ịgbazinye ego na ọrụ enyemaka. O nwere ihe karịrị ahụmahụ afọ iri abụọ n'ọrụ dị iche iche na Ghana, Japan, South Africa, na United Kingdom <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":5" /> <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":5" /> mgbe ọ bụ nwanyị nke abụọ ga-abụ osote onye isi nke abụọ nke Bank of Ghana. Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo họpụtara ya na Febrụwarị afọ 2018. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/10-ghanaian-women-who-inspired-us-in-2018/km4hdd9|title=10 Ghanaian women who inspired us in 2018|date=2018-12-31|work=www.pulse.com.gh|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/akufo-addo-appoints-elsie-awadzi-as-2nd-deputy-governor-of-bog.html|title=Akufo-Addo appoints Elsie Awadzi as 2nd Deputy Governor of BoG|date=2018-02-12|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2019/January-9th/video-exclusive-interview-with-bogs-elsie-awadzi.php|title=VIDEO: Exclusive interview with BoG's Elsie Awadzi|work=www.myjoyonline.com|accessdate=2019-10-10|archivedate=2019-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010085150/https://www.myjoyonline.com/business/2019/January-9th/video-exclusive-interview-with-bogs-elsie-awadzi.php}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://yen.com.gh/105639-akufo-addo-names-second-deputy-bog-governor.html|title=Elsie Awadzi appointed as BoG 2nd Deputy Governor|author=Effah|first=K.|date=2018-02-13|work=Yen.com.gh – Ghana news.|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/02/akufo-addo-appoints-elsie-awadzi-2nd-dep-governor-bog/|title=Akufo-Addo appoints Elsie Awadzi as 2nd Dep Governor of BoG {{!}} Starr Fm|author=Welsing|first=Kobina|date=12 February 2018|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-10|archivedate=2019-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010085744/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/02/akufo-addo-appoints-elsie-awadzi-2nd-dep-governor-bog/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Akufo-Addo-appoints-Elsie-Awadzi-as-2nd-Deputy-Governor-of-BoG-625771|title=Akufo-Addo appoints Elsie Awadzi as 2nd Deputy Governor of BoG|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en|accessdate=2019-10-10|archivedate=2019-10-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010085744/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/business/Akufo-Addo-appoints-Elsie-Awadzi-as-2nd-Deputy-Governor-of-BoG-625771}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/president-appoints-2nd-bog-deputy-governor/|title=President Appoints 2nd BoG Deputy Governor|date=2018-02-13|work=DailyGuide Network|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thepublisheronline.com/akufo-addo-appoints-elsie-awadzi-as-bogs-2nd-dep-governor/|title=Akufo-Addo Appoints Elsie Awadzi as BoG's 2nd Dep Governor|date=2018-02-12|work=The Publisher Online|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-10-10}}</ref> == Ihe ndị o dere == Ọ bụ ya dere ọrụ ndị a: * ''Designing Legal Frameworks for Public Debt Management''<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.centralbanking.com/node/2416264|title=IMF senior counsel explores legal frameworks for public debt management|date=2015-07-03|website=Central Banking|language=en|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|url=https://imf.academia.edu/ElsieAddoAwadzi|title=Elsie Addo Awadzi {{!}} International Monetary Fund – Academia.edu|website=imf.academia.edu|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref> * ''Resolution Frameworks for Islamic Banks''<ref name=":4" /> * ''Private law underpinnings of public''<ref name=":4" /> == Ebensidee == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Awadzi, Elsie Addo}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] p4x2c9esreer9bql8gbojopokhkiqoi 0 14232 688355 129866 2026-07-17T16:41:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688355 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] {{Databox}} '''Oladapo Olaitan Olaonipekun''', nke a makwaara dị ka '''Dagrin''' (25 Ọktoba na afọ 1984 - 22 Eprel na afọ 2010), bụ onye na-eti egwu na Naijiria si [[Ȯra Ogun|Ogun]], Naịjirịa.<ref name="BNobit">{{Cite web|date=22 April 2010|title=A shining star dimmed too soon – Rising Nigerian Musician DaGrin has passed away|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2010/04/22/a-shining-star-dimmed-too-soon-rising-nigerian-musician-da-grin-has-passed-away/|accessdate=5 June 2011|publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nationaldailyngr.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1302:dagrin-the-life-of-an-artiste&catid=45:shop&Itemid=404|title=Dagrin: The Life of an Artiste|publisher=Nationaldailyngr.com|date=30 April 2011|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref> E wepụtara ihe nkiri nke ndụ ya nke akpọrọ ''Ghetto Dreamz'' n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011. == Mmalite ndụ ya == Ụlọ Olaonipekun dị na Meiran, Alagbado, Lagos. == Ọrụ ya == O weputara abọm studio mbụ ya bụ Still On The Matter, mana abọm ahụ kụrụ afọ n'ala n'ihi enweghị nkwalite zuru oke. N'afọ 2009, o wepụtara abọm studio ya nke abụọ a kpọrọ C.E.O. (Chief Executive Omoita). N'afọ 2010, a họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite ntụrụndụ nke Naịjịrịa maka Abọm kacha mma (C.E.O.), Hottest Single "Pon Pon Pon", Best Rap Act na Best Collaboration with vocals.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2010/07/09/nea-awards-2010-nominees-da-grin-omawumi-shine/|title=NEA Awards 2010 Nominees – Da Grin & Omawumi Shine|date=9 July 2010|publisher=Jaguda.com|accessdate=5 June 2011|archivedate=22 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022220356/http://jaguda.com/2010/07/09/nea-awards-2010-nominees-da-grin-omawumi-shine/}}</ref> Abọm ya C.E.O. (Chief executive Omota English: Chief Executive Thug) meriri Hip hop World Award afọ 2010 maka abọm rap kacha mma.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jaguda.com/2010/05/30/hip-hop-world-awards-2010-winners/|title=Hip-Hop World Awards 2010 Winners|date=30 May 2010|publisher=Jaguda.com|accessdate=5 June 2011|archivedate=22 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022222346/http://jaguda.com/2010/05/30/hip-hop-world-awards-2010-winners/}}</ref> Site na ya, egwu "Pon Pon Pon", na "Kondo". Dagrin na ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe na Naijiria rụkọrọ ọrụ dịka Y.Q, 9ice, M.I, Iceberg Slim, Omobaba, Terry G, Ms Chief, Owen G, K01, code, MISTAR DOLLAR, TMD entertainment, Omawumi, Chudy K, Bigiano, na Konga. Ya na ndị na-emepụta egwu dị ka Sossick, Dr Frabz, Sheyman, Frenzy, 02 & Heavy L Beatz. A tọhapụrụ studio ya nke atọ If I Die mgbe ọ nwụsịrị Otu n'ime egwu ''ọ bụrụ'' site na abọm If I Die. bụ If I Die, ọ dị ka ọ maara na ọ ga-anwụ n'ezie mgbe ewepụtara abọm ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://naijgreen.com/dagrin-if-i-die/|title=Download mp3 Dagrin – If I Die|publisher=Naijgreen.com|accessdate=19 January 2019|archivedate=25 January 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125102745/https://naijgreen.com/dagrin-if-i-die/}}</ref> == Ihe Nketa == E hotara Da Grin dị ka otu n'ime ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ndị na-abụ abụ rap nke asụsụ Yoruba na Pidgin na Naijiria. Onye nta akụkọ Naijiria, Idoko Salihu nke [[Premium Times]] kwuru na "Da Grin bụ onye na-eti egwu nke gbanwere ụlọ ọrụ rap nke Naijiria, ọ na-etinye Bekee na asụsụ ala ya".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/features-and-interviews/389229-da-grin-remembering-a-rap-legend-decade-after-death.html|title=Da Grin: Remembering a rap legend decade after death|date=22 April 2020}}</ref> == ''Ghetto Dreamz'' == E meela ihe nkiri nke ndụ ya ''Ghetto Dreamz'', nke Trybson Dudukoko na [[Doris Simeon|Doris Simeon-Ademinokan]] gosipụtara dị ka enyi ya nwanyị ma wepụta ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2011.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2011/03/09/bn-bytes-trailer-posters-for-ghetto-dreamz-the-da-grin-biopic/|title=BN Bytes: Trailer & Posters for "Ghetto Dreamz" – The Da Grin Biopic|publisher=Bella Naija|date=9 March 2011|accessdate=5 June 2011}}</ref> == Ọmụme Ihe Ngosi == * Still On The Matter (2006) * C.E.O (Chief Executive Omoita) (2009) * If I Die (2011) == Ihe nrite na nhọpụta == === Won === * Ihe nrite Hip Hop nke afọ 2010 - Artiste nke Afọ === A họpụtara ya === * Ihe nrite Hip Hop nke afọ 2010- Artiste nke Afọ Olaonipekun nwere ihe mberede na Eprel 14, afọ 2010 ma nwụọ mgbe ụbọchị asatọ gasịrị mgbe ọ dị afọ iri abụọ na ise na 22 Eprel afọ 2010 mgbe ihe mberede ụgbọala mere na [[Lagos|Legos]], Naijiria.<ref name="BNobit" /> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120321182542/http://www.werunthings.net/2009/11/dagrin-c-e-o-chief-executive-omo-ita/ Ajụjụ ọnụ banyere album] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110513083022/http://www.hiphopworldmagazine.com/reviews1.php?rID=1 Nyocha abọm] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210616054529/https://codedwapng.com/2019/03/see-top-facts-from-dagrin-biography-you-probably-dont-know-photos/ Akụkọ ndụ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110317001412/http://www.nollywood.com/video/56/Ghetto-Dreamz--The-Dagrin-Story-trailer Ghetto Dreamz Trailer] {{authority control}} 2pbqgph7xmlb2en11eld0vz2acjrdf7 0 14421 688377 638828 2026-07-17T23:05:06Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Desmond Elliott''' (24 Disemba 1930 - 12 Ọgọst 2003) bụ onye nkwusa a ma ama na onye na-ede akwụkwọ.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-13539388 "'Overnight success' in line for Desmond Elliott prize"], BBC News, 25 May 2011.</ref> Ọ malitere ọrụ ya na ụlọ mbipụta Macmillan tupu ọ gaa n'ihu ịchọta ụlọ ọrụ mbipụta nke ya Arlington Books . N'ime ọrụ nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri isii, ọ bụ ya chọpụtara ọtụtụ ndị edemede gara n'ihu bụrụ ndị ka ere ahịa gụnyere Penny Vincenzi na Jilly Cooper .<ref name="BBC">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/marriage/10512.shtml ''Man Alive''], BBC.</ref><ref>[http://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/news/edward-stourton-chairs-desmond-elliott-judges/?agent=20 “Curtis Brown”]</ref> == Ọrụ == A mụrụ Desmond Elliott na London n'abalị Krismas nke afọ 1929. Mgbe nna ya nwụsịrị, e debere ya na Royal Masonic Orphanage na Dublin, Ireland mgbe ọ dị afọ iri. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ nke ọma ma nweta agụmakwụkwọ na Trinity College, Dublin, mana o kpebiri ịga England n'afọ 1947 mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na isii, na naanị £ 2 na akwụkwọ ozi mmeghe site n'aka onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke ''The Irish Times'' . Elliot bu ụzọ rụọ ọrụ dịka nwa nwoke ọfịs maka Macmillan Publishers, tupu ọ banye na Hutchinson (onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ) wee banye Michael Joseph (onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ). Mgbe Max Reinhardt (onye na-ebipụta akwụkwọ) chụrụ ya n'ọrụ, ọ natara ụgwọ £ 1,000 na ọrụ site n'aka Sidney Bernstein, nke ITV Granada - onye nwere echiche nke abụọ. N'iji ụgwọ ọrụ ya fọdụrụnụ, o guzobere dịka onye ọrụ onwe ya n'afọ 1960 wee guzobe akwụkwọ Arlington.<ref>Liz Thomson, [https://archive.today/20130420042619/http://www.ehaus2.co.uk/pnarchive/display.asp?K=20030815_20030926_006&sf1=topics&st1='Elliott'&m=9&dc=9 "Desmond Elliott obituary"], ''Publishing News'', 15 August 2003.</ref> Nraranye ya na echiche azụmahịa ya mere ka Elliott bụrụ otu n'ime ndị ikom kachasị nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'ọhịa ya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.foyles.co.uk/desmond-elliott|title=Foyles|accessdate=2012-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117062551/http://www.foyles.co.uk/desmond-elliott|archivedate=2013-01-17}}</ref> Elliot bụ isi ihe mere e mepụtara ndepụta nke ndị na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ na-aga nke ọma dịka Candida Lycett Green, Penny Vincenzi nakwa Lynda Lee-Potter .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.desmondelliottprize.org/about_desmond_elliott.asp|title=Desmond Elliott Prize Website|accessdate=2012-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508165129/http://www.desmondelliottprize.org/about_desmond_elliott.asp|archivedate=2012-05-08}}</ref><ref name="BBC"/> Ọ kpọbatakwara Tim Rice na Andrew Lloyd Webber dịka onye ahịa mbụ. N'ịbụ onye ndị dere ya na-akwanyere ùgwù ma hụ ya n'anya, n'okwu Candida Lycett Green, Elliott bụ naanị "anwansi". == Ụzọ Ndụ == Desmond Elliott biri ndụ ya na verve, na-aṅụ naanị champagne, na-emeso Fortnum & Mason dịka "cornershop" ya ma na-agafe Atlantic na Concorde.<ref>Guy Dammann, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2008/may/22/news.guydammann "Tom Rob Smith hot favourite for Desmond Elliot prize"], ''The Guardian'', 22 May 2008.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.literaryfestivals.co.uk/bookawards/desmondelliott.html |title=Literary Festivals |accessdate=2022-06-09 |archivedate=2013-05-16 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516053927/http://www.literaryfestivals.co.uk/bookawards/desmondelliott.html }}</ref> Ọfịs ya dị na Mayfair ma nwee ụlọ na St James na Park Avenue. == Ihe nrite Desmond Elliott == Tupu ọnwụ ya n'afọ 2003, Desmond Elliott kwuru na a ga-etinye ego ya na ụlọ ọrụ ebere nke ga-akwụ ụgwọ onyinye edemede "iji mee ka ọrụ nke ndị edemede ọhụrụ baa ụba".<ref>Katie Allen, [http://www.thebookseller.com/news/shukla-connolly-kelman-desmond-elliott-longlist.html "Shukla, Connolly, Kelman on Desmond Elliott longlist"], ''The Bookseller'', 11 April 2011.</ref> Ya mere, e hiwere Desmond Elliott Prize kwa afọ n'afọ 2007, na-enye ego GB £ 10,000 nye onye dere akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ e bipụtara na UK.<ref>Richard Lea, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2011/jun/24/anjali-joseph-desmond-elliott-prize "Anjali Joseph wins Desmond Elliott prize"], ''The Guardian'', 24 June 2011.</ref> Elliott gwara onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Sam Llewellyn akwụkwọ akụkọ ya dị mma bụ "n'etiti ịchụ nta akụ na agbụrụ" na akwụkwọ akụkọ mmeri ga-egosipụta omimi na obosara na akụkọ na-akpali akpali.<ref>Charlotte Williams, [http://www.thebookseller.com/news/seren-chatto-and-doubleday-desmond-elliott-shortlist.html "Seren, Chatto and Doubleday on Desmond Elliott shortlist"], ''The Bookseller'', 24 May 2012.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/News_and_Events/News/Pages/Anjali-Joseph-wins-the%20Desmond-Elliott-Prize.aspx|title=Harper Collins|accessdate=2012-06-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021220616/http://www.harpercollins.co.uk/News_and_Events/News/Pages/Anjali-Joseph-wins-the%20Desmond-Elliott-Prize.aspx|archivedate=2011-10-21}}</ref> == Edemsibịa [https://web.archive.org/web/20211204101451/https://desmondelliottprize.org.uk/] == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120503215217/http://www.societyofauthors.net/ Society of Authors] * [http://www.arvonfoundation.org/ Arvon Foundation] * [http://www.adventuresinfiction.co.uk/ Adventures na akụkọ ifo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211204101451/https://desmondelliottprize.org.uk/ Ihe nrite Desmond Elliott] kpvfdqrxorvj9vmzfn1558a458oegka 0 16237 688409 643806 2026-07-18T09:03:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Addo''' (amụrụ n'ụbọchị mbụ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 1993) bụ [[Footbọl|onye]] Ghana na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agba ọsọ maka Djurgårdens IF nke Swedish Damallsvenskan . Ọ bụkwa onyeisi ndị otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba Ghana.<ref name=":9">{{Cite web|date=2020-10-01|title=Elizabeth Addo: Black Queens captain joins Cypriot side Apollon Ladies FC|url=https://citisportsonline.com/2020/10/01/elizabeth-addo-black-queens-captain-joins-cypriot-side-apollon-ladies-fc/|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=Citi Sports Online|language=en-US}}</ref> == Ọrụ klọb == Addo malitere ọrụ ya na Ghana, na-egwuri egwu maka Tesano Ladies F.C. na afo 2003 ma mesịa bịanye aka na Athleta Ladies F-C nke a maara dị ka "Ashaiman Ladies" nke dị na Ashaiman n'afọ 2007-2012.<ref name=":10">{{Cite web|title=Black Queens midfielder Elizabeth Addo wins Hungarian FA Cup title with Ferencvaros|url=http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/other-sports/item/8741-black-queens-midfielder-elizabeth-addo-wins-hungarian-fa-cup-title-with-ferencvaros|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=Ghana sportsonline|date=20 May 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920201408/http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/other-sports/item/8741-black-queens-midfielder-elizabeth-addo-wins-hungarian-fa-cup-title-with-ferencvaros|archivedate=20 September 2016}}</ref> Ọ nọrọ oge ole na ole n'ebe ahụ ma mesịa sonye n'otu nnukwu Rivers Angels FC nke Naijiria site na 2012 ruo 2014. Ọrụ ya nyeere ndị otu ahụ aka imeri 2012/2013 Nigerian Women Football League na 2013/2014 Nigerian Women Soccer League n'okpuru Rivers Angels F.C. Manager Edwin Okon.<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Rivers Angels are Nigeria women league champions {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/npfl/2014/11/27/6551141/rivers-angels-are-nigeria-women-league-champions|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị Port Harcourt, ji okpukpu abụọ buru ụzọ na nkeji nke 56 mgbe Addo gbara egwu mara mma na igbe 18 nke Amazon.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web|title=Rivers Angels win 2013 Federation Cup|url=http://m.news24.com.ng/Nigeria/Sport/Football/Rivers-Angels-win-2013-Federation-Cup-20130916|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=news24|date=16 September 2013}}</ref><ref name=":13">{{Cite web|date=2013-09-15|title=Rivers Angels win 2013 Federation Cup -|url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/rivers-angels-win-2013-federation-cup/|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=The Eagle Online|language=en-US}}</ref> Addo laghachiri [[Ghana]] na 2014 ma mesịa sonye na ŽFK Spartak Subotica na [[Serbia]] n'otu afọ ahụ.<ref>[http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2015/clubs/player=250074070/index.html%7C%7Caccessdate=4 August 2016]</ref> === Ferencvárosi TC, 2015 === N'afọ 2015, Addo laghachiri [[Obodo Békè|Europe]] wee sonye na nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ Hungary Ferencvárosi TC na Budapest [[Hungary]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=VIDEO: Black Queens midfielder Elizabeth Addo joins Hungarian Club Ferencvarosi|url=http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/other-sports/item/5375-video-black-queens-midfielder-elizabeth-addo-joins-hungarian-club-ferencvarosi|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=Ghana sportsonline|date=22 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920210757/http://ghanasportsonline.com/index.php/other-sports/item/5375-video-black-queens-midfielder-elizabeth-addo-joins-hungarian-club-ferencvarosi|archivedate=20 September 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke otu mbụ n'okpuru onye njikwa Balázs Dörnyei ma merie 2015/2016 Hungarian Női NB I league title na Hungarian Women's Cup na 2016.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web|author=MyJoyOnline|date=8 June 2016|title=Black Queens midfielder wins double with Hungarian side|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/black-queens-midfielder-wins-double-with-hungarian-side/|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}</ref> A na-ewere Addo dị ka otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu atọ kachasị elu. Ọ gbara egwuregwu 27 na league ma gbaa goolu 17 nyere ndị otu ya aka imeri n'asọmpi Női NB I League nke Hungary.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Queens midfielder Elizabeth Addo wins Hungarian Cup title with Ferencvaros FC|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-queens-midfielder-elizabeth-addo-wins-hungarian-cup-title-with-ferencvaros-fc|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=Ghana Soccernet|date=20 May 2016}}</ref> Ọ gbara goolu na nkeji nke 89 megide onye na-asọmpi MTK nke tụgharịrị akara akara Ferencvárosi TC 1 意 1 MTK. Ihe mgbaru ọsọ ya nyeere klọb ya aka iru eru maka asọmpi ikpeazụ nke Hungarian FA Cup na penalties. Ọ gbara nkeji iri itoolu zuru ezu maka ndị otu ya iji merie Honved 5 z0 na ngwụcha.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Queens midfielder wins double with Hungarian side|url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2016/June-8th/black-queens-midfielder-elizabeth-addo-wins-league-and-cup-double-with-hungarian-side-ferencvaros-fc.php|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=My Joyonline|date=8 June 2016|archivedate=26 December 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181226184242/http://www.myjoyonline.com/sports/2016/June-8th/black-queens-midfielder-elizabeth-addo-wins-league-and-cup-double-with-hungarian-side-ferencvaros-fc.php}}</ref> Addo gbara bọọlụ maka Club Ferencváros na 201516 UEFA Women's Champions League ma bụrụ onye nke abụọ n'oge otu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Addo|url=http://www.uefa.com/womenschampionsleague/season=2016/clubs/player=250074070/index.html|accessdate=4 August 2016|publisher=Ghana Soccernet|date=14 July 2016}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, Addo bụ otu n'ime ndị egwuregwu atọ edepụtara maka 2015/2016 Női NB I Women Footballer of the Year award.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ferencváros Women's Football|url=https://www.facebook.com/620793251314482/photos/ms.c.eJxFy8EJwEAIBMCOguu559p~;YwGD8TswMNGcUaGC8zwYkHtQdwFkltsAs0twoUvqB3UBBm50OVr4Cl5BKRtN.bps.a.1085025454891257.1073741967.620793251314482/1085025494891253/?type=3&theater|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ferencváros Women's Football|url=https://www.facebook.com/Ferencváros-Womens-Football-620793251314482/photos/?tab=album&album_id=1085025454891257|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> === Kvarnsvedens IK, 2016-2017 === N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n’afo 2016, otu Kvarnsvedens IK nke Damallsvenskan League bịanyere aka na Addo onye sonyeere klọb ahụ n'efu.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tv.ghanasoccernet.com/elizabeth-addo-joins-swedish-side-kvarnsvedens-ik-on-short-term-deal|title=Elizabeth Addo joins Swedish side Kvarnsvedens IK on short-term deal|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en|accessdate=2019-01-28|archivedate=2019-01-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129064053/https://tv.ghanasoccernet.com/elizabeth-addo-joins-swedish-side-kvarnsvedens-ik-on-short-term-deal}}</ref> Addo abụwo onye na-adọrọ mmasị na [[Sweden]] Damallsvenskan league, Ruo ugbu a, ọ gbara egwuregwu 8 gbara goolu 5 maka Kvarnsvedens IK( Ọ gbara dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ etiti na egwuregwu 7 Damallsvenscan league ma gbaa 1, nyere goolu 2, mepụtara penalties 2 na egwuregwu ọ bụla ma gbaa goolu 4 na Sweden FA Cup. O nwere aha ya na Sweden Damallsvenskan Best XII nke ọnwa Septemba 2016. === Ọchịchị Seattle, 2018 === Addo bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta iji sonye na Boston Breakers na NWSL, agbanyeghị na Breakers kwụsịrị n'ihu oge 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://footy-ghana.com/2018/01/elizabeth-addo-traded-americas-seattle-reign/|title=Elizabeth Addo traded to Seattle Reign|accessdate=7 July 2018|date=31 January 2018|archivedate=7 July 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180707230546/http://footy-ghana.com/2018/01/elizabeth-addo-traded-americas-seattle-reign/}}</ref> Ọ bụ [[Seattle]] Reign họpụtara ya na Dispersal Draft na nhọpụta nke asatọ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebentmusket.com/2018/1/30/16949204/boston-breakers-players-nwsl-dispersal-draft|title=Boston Breakers players taken in NWSL dispersal draft|accessdate=7 July 2018|date=30 January 2018|archivedate=30 September 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230930053709/https://www.thebentmusket.com/2018/1/30/16949204/boston-breakers-players-nwsl-dispersal-draft}}</ref> === Western Sydney Wanderers, 2018 (ụgwọ) === N'abalị iri na otu n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2018, Addo bịanyere aka na mgbazinye ego na Western Sydney Wanderers maka oge W-League 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wswanderersfc.com.au/news/wanderers-sign-elizabeth-addo|title=Wanderers sign Elizabeth Addo}}</ref> === Jiangsu Suning === N'ọnwa Eprel 2019, ndị otu Chinese Women's Super League Jiangsu Suning bịanyere aka na ya na nkwekọrịta otu afọ mgbe ọ hapụsịrị Seattle Reign mgbe nkwekọrịta ya kwụsịrị ebe ọ sonyeere onye otu ya, Tabitha Chawinga na klọb Swedish Kvarnsvedens.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Laryea|first=Beatrice|title=Queens' captain Elizabeth Addo wins first trophy with Jiangsu Suning|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/graphicsports/transfers/queens-captain-elizabeth-addo-wins-first-trophy-with-jiangsu-suning.html|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=Graphic SPORTS|language=en-gb}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana star Elizabeth Addo joins Chinese Women's Super League side Jiangsu Suning {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/ghana-star-elizabeth-addo-joins-chinese-womens-super-league-side-/1psw9uzsejgff1oi8ts8l4hh58|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Ghana captain Elizabeth Addo moves to China|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/47804015|accessdate=2020-12-01}}</ref> Oge ọ nọrọ na klọb ahụ kwụsịrị ngwa ngwa karịa ka ọ kwesịrị ịdị mwute n'ihi ọrịa COVID-19 na 2020. Mgbe ọ nọ na klọb ahụ, ọ gbara egwuregwu iri na anọ, gbaa bọọlụ ugboro ise ma nye aka iri.<ref name=":1" /> N'ime obere oge ahụ na klọb ahụ, ọ meriri iko anọ, The Chinese Women's [[Chinese Women's Super League|Super League]], Women's FA Cup, FA Tournament na Women's super Cup.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|date=2019-11-17|title=Elizabeth Addo wins fourth title with Chinese side Jiangsu Suning FC|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/elizabeth-addo-wins-fourth-title-with-chinese-side-jiangsu-suning-fc|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|date=18 Nov 2019|title=Addo and Chawinga win quadruple as Jiangsu Suning lift Chinese Women's Super Cup title {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/addo-and-chawinga-win-quadruple-in-china-as-jiangsu-suning/136wvm6qkgagx1qte6y3qmtz6w|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> Addo bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke otu ahụ nke nọ n'ọnọdụ nke abụọ na AFC Women's Club Championship na oge izizi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Women's Club Championship 2019 {{!}} AFC|url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-womens-club-championship/|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=the-AFC|language=en-GB}}</ref> === Ụmụ nwanyị Apollon === Mgbe ọ gbasịrị otu afọ na Chinese Women's Super League Addo, ọ bịanyere aka na Apollon Ladies FC nke Cypriot n'afọ 2020.<ref name=":9"/><ref name=":8">{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Addo: Ghana midfielder signs for Apollon Limassol {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/elizabeth-addo-ghana-midfielder-signs-for-apollon-limassol/plvrwhm613gx11vgkgpb5ktbn|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> Addo mere nke mbụ ya maka Apollon Ladies FC nke Saịprọs na 4 Nọvemba 2020 na mmeri ha meriri Swansea Ladies na agba nke mbụ nke UEFA Women's Champions League.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-06|title=Elizabeth Addo plays debut game for Apollon Ladies FC|url=https://pfag.com.gh/index.php/2020/11/06/elizabeth-addo-plays-debut-game-for-apollon-ladies-fc/|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=The Professional Footballers Association of Ghana (PFAG)|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-11-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128014645/https://pfag.com.gh/index.php/2020/11/06/elizabeth-addo-plays-debut-game-for-apollon-ladies-fc/}}</ref> === North Carolina Obi Ike, 2021 === Na 18 Jenụwarị n’afo 2021, Addo laghachiri na United States mgbe ọ kwagara na klọb National Women's Soccer League North Carolina Courage na nkwekọrịta otu afọ, yana nhọrọ nke ịgbatị ọnwa 12.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|date=19 January 2021|title=Elizabeth Addo: North Carolina Courage sign Ghana midfielder {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/elizabeth-addo-north-carolina-courage-sign-ghana-midfielder/8grnjlewn8s51qfpeyj4klc7r|accessdate=2021-01-25|work=www.goal.com|publisher=Goal}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=intive|title=Elizabeth Addo Signs Contract with NC Courage|url=https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/elizabeth-addo-signs-contract-with-nc-courage|accessdate=2021-01-25|work=www.nwslsoccer.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210130195324/https://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/elizabeth-addo-signs-contract-with-nc-courage}}</ref> == Ọrụ mba ụwa == === Ìgwè ndị ntorobịa === Addo bụ onye mba ụwa zuru oke maka [[Ghana]] kemgbe afọ 2007. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na anọ, ọ sonyeere ndị otu mba na-erubeghị afọ iri na ise na 2007 FIFA U-14 Women's World Cup nke e mere na [[Switzerland]] ma duzie ndị otu ahụ ruo na ngwụcha na asọmpi ahụ. Ọ bụ onye isi oche Ghana na afo 2008 FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup nke e mere na New Zealand ma bụrụ osote onye isi oche nke otu ụmụ nwanyị U17 nke Ghana (Black Maidens) na 2010 2010 FIFA U-17 World Cup.<ref>{{Cite web|title=My Best Is Yet To Come- Elizabeth Addo|url=http://www.sportscrusader.com/my-best-is-yet-to-come-elizabeth-addo/}}</ref><ref name=":10"/> Addo so n'òtù mba nke sonyere na 2010 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup nke e mere na [[Jémanị|Germany]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana 2 – 0 Switzerland|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=253537/match=300125160/index.html#nosticky|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100724062714/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=253537/match=300125160/index.html#nosticky|archivedate=24 July 2010|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> ma sọọ mpi na 2012 FIFA U-20 women's World cup nke e mere ne [[Japan]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana 0 – 1 Germany|url=https://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=258175/match=300200437/index.html#nosticky|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120825032752/http://www.fifa.com/u20womensworldcup/matches/round=258175/match=300200437/index.html#nosticky|archivedate=25 August 2012|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> === Ndị otu ndị okenye === Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị otu mba nke sonyere na 2014 African Women's Championship qualification.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia 0 – 2 Ghana|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/awc2014qualifiers(2014)/MatchDetails?MatchId=v3H47%2fmdYKL9sbE6HX68hjL%2b74yCSG71JY6eQK6C%2fXTl0Cu4s8pCx7heGGeVSqCw|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ghana 3 – 0 Ethiopia|url=http://www.cafonline.com/en-us/competitions/awc2014qualifiers(2014)/MatchDetails?MatchId=OzEiQu%2biCzOO9ZxCOnpJ1LEbUJ9%2bVAquVIAZbF37LOGXSpquQxe1Lye9sfgZAt19|accessdate=4 August 2016}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime Ghana Squared nke chere Cameroon ihu maka 2016 Rio Olympic Games qualifier na Accra Sports Stadium -Ghana Ọ gbara egwuregwu enyi na enyi megide Germany na 22 Julaị 2016. 12 Eprel 2016, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Ghana iru eru maka 2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/yusif-bassigi-invites-22-black-queens-to-prepare-for-2016-olympics-games-qualifier-against-cameroon|title=Yusif Bassigi invites 22 Black Queens to prepare for 2016 Olympics Games qualifier against Cameroon|work=social_image}}</ref> O duuru ndị otu Ghana dị ka onyeisi gaa n'ọnọdụ nke atọ na 2016 Africa Women Cup of Nations .<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|title=Ghana beat South Africa to third place|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/38184881|accessdate=2020-12-02}}</ref> O meriri mmadụ abụọ n'ime ihe nrite egwuregwu ma gbaa goolu atọ na asọmpi ahụ iji mechie dị ka onye nke atọ kacha gbaa goolu na onye kacha gbaa gooli maka ndị otu Ghana.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-12-13|title=Black Queens coach Yusif Basigi backs Elizabeth Addo to win 2016 Africa Female Footballer of the year|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-queens-coach-yusif-basigi-backs-elizabeth-addo-to-win-2016-africa-female-footballer-of-the-year|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref> N'ihi ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na asọmpi ahụ, a kpọrọ ya aha na Team of the Tournament.<ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 Women's AFCON: Linda Eshun and Elizabeth Addo make tournament best eleven team|url=https://footballghana.com/2016-womens-afcon-linda-eshun-elizabeth-addo-make-tournament-best-eleven-team|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=Footballghana|language=en}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Ghana na 2018 Africa Women Cup of Nations nke e mere na Ghana. N'ọnwa Machị 2020, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị otu Ghana nke sonyere na 2020 Turkish Women's Cup nke bụ asọmpi bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị a na-eme kwa afọ na Turkey.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Turkish Women's Cup: Ghana have a fair knowledge of Chile – Tagoe {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-cm/news/turkish-womens-cup-ghana-have-a-fair-knowledge-of-chile/1a6gw5g86curm1rmzbbpprbatu|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> O duuru ndị otu ahụ gaa n'ọkwa nke abụọ n'òtù ha ka ha na-etinye nke atọ n'ozuzu na asọmpi iji merie ọla nchara na iko.<ref name=":6">{{Cite web|author=Association|first=Ghana Football|title=Turkish Women's Cup: Queens beat Kenya to finish second|url=https://www.ghanafa.org/turkish-womens-cup-queens-beat-kenya-to-finish-second|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=www.ghanafa.org|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":6" /><ref name=":7">{{Cite web|title=Ghana 3–1 Kenya: Addo at the double as Black Queens silence Harambee Starlets {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-cm/news/ghana-3-1-kenya-addo-at-the-double-as-black-queens-silence/omke03rtoo481o2dkq0o9b3ny|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == === Klọb === * Nigeria Women Premier League: 2014<ref name=":11"/> * Aiteo Cup: 2013, 2014<ref name=":12"/><ref name=":13"/><ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivers Angels retain Fed Cup – Nigeria – Women|url=https://africanfootball.com/news/483724/Rivers-Angels-retain-Fed-Cup|accessdate=2020-12-13|work=African Football}}</ref> '''Ferencváros''' * Női NB I: Onye mmeri 2015 1910<ref name=":5"/> * Nöi Magyar Kupa: Onye mmeri 2015-16<ref name=":5" /> '''Jiangsu Suning''' * Chinese Women's Super League: 2019<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":2"/><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|author=Group|first=Suning Holdings|title=Zhang Jindong Praised Suning Women's Football Club for a Quadruple Crown|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/zhang-jindong-praised-suning-women-s-football-club-for-a-quadruple-crown-811182512.html|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=www.prnewswire.com|language=en}}</ref> * Iko FA nke ụmụ nwanyị China: 2019<ref name=":4" /><ref name=":2" /> * Egwuregwu FA nke ụmụ nwanyị China: 2019<ref>{{Cite web|author=llc|first=Online media Ghana|title=Elizabeth Addo Scores Brace As Jiangsu Suning Beat Guangdong Meizhou To Lift Chinese League Cup :: Ghana Olympic Committee|url=https://ghanaolympic.org/?item=6625|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=ghanaolympic.org|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":4" /> * Super iko ụmụ nwanyị China : 2019<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":1"/> * AFC Women's Club Championship 2019 : Ndị na-agba ọsọ<ref>{{Cite web|title=MD3: Jiangsu Suning defeat Incheon Hyundai to finish second {{!}} Football {{!}} News {{!}} Women's Club Championship 2019|url=https://www.the-afc.com/competitions/afc-womens-club-championship/latest/news/md3-jiangsu-suning-defeat-incheon-hyundai-to-finish-second|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=the-AFC|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Chawinga's brace helps Jiangsu Suning end AFC Women's Club Championship as runners-up {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/chawingas-brace-helps-jiangsu-suning-end-afc-womens-club/eyfvegc40tep132ncytmdra87|accessdate=2020-12-04|work=www.goal.com}}</ref> '''Ghana''' * Africa Women Cup of Nations : Ebe nke atọ 2016<ref name=":3"/> * Iko ụmụ nwanyị Turkey : Ebe nke atọ 2020<ref name=":7"/> === Onye ọ bụla === * Africa Women Cup of Nations 2016 : Best XI<ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 Women's AFCON: Linda Eshun and Elizabeth Addo make tournament best eleven team|url=https://footballghana.com/2016-womens-afcon-linda-eshun-elizabeth-addo-make-tournament-best-eleven-team|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=Footballghana|language=en}}</ref> * Onye na-agba bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị Ghana nke afọ :2019<ref>{{Cite web|author=Jr|first=Daraja Kapoor|date=2020-10-10|title=45th SWAG Awards: Elizabeth Addo named Women's Footballer of the Year|url=https://footballmadeinghana.com/2020/10/10/swag-awards-elizabeth-addo-named-womens-footballer-of-the-year/|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=Football Made in Ghana|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-10-11|title=45th SWAG Awards: Elizabeth Addo wins Women's Footballer of the Year|url=https://ghananewspage.com/45th-swag-awards-elizabeth-addo-wins-womens-footballer-of-the-year/|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=Ghana News Page|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-10-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027130454/https://ghananewspage.com/45th-swag-awards-elizabeth-addo-wins-womens-footballer-of-the-year/}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị nke Afọ Africa 2016 : Top 3<ref>{{Cite web|date=2017-01-05|title=Ghana Elizabeth Addo misses out on 2016 CAF Women's Player of the Year Award|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/ghana-elizabeth-addo-misses-out-on-2016-caf-womens-player-of-the-year-award|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 CAF AWARDS: And the winner is... – 2016 CAF Confederation Cup – Nigeria – Women|url=https://africanfootball.com/news/676464/2016-CAF-AWARDS-And-the-winner-is|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=African Football}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ghanafa.org|title=Black Queens skipper in CAF Best Player shortlist|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/graphicsports/football/black-queens-skipper-in-caf-best-player-shortlist.html|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=Graphic SPORTS|language=en-gb}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị nke Afọ [[Eluàlà|Afrịka]] 2018 : Top 10<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nominees for all Caf 2018 Awards revealed {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/nominees-for-all-caf-2018-awards-revealed/9s1xi5lu3lx417r3exsfxpbdz|accessdate=2020-12-02|work=www.goal.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Shortlists revealed for Caf awards|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/46398988|accessdate=2020-12-02}}</ref> * Onye egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị nke Afọ Afrịka 2019 : Top 10<ref>{{Cite web|author=Football|first=CAF-Confedération Africaine du|title=List of Nominees for CAF Awards 2019 announced|url=https://www.cafonline.com/news-center/news/list-of-nominees-for-caf-awards-2019-announced|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=CAFOnline.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-11-25|title=Black Queens captain Elizabeth Addo delighted to make CAF Women's Footballer of the year shortlist|url=https://ghanasoccernet.com/black-queens-captain-elizabeth-addo-delighted-to-make-caf-womens-footballer-of-the-year-shortlist|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=GhanaSoccernet|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Elizabeth Addo nominated for 2019 Africa women's player award|url=https://footballghana.com/elizabeth-addo-nominated-for-2019-africa-womens-player-award|accessdate=2020-12-01|work=Footballghana|language=en}}</ref> * IFFHS CAF Women Team nke Afọ Iri 2011 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925|title=IFFHS WOMAN TEAM – CAF – OF THE DECADE 2011–2020|work=IFFHS|date=28 January 2021|accessdate=20 June 2022|archivedate=2 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402080022/https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ụmụ nwanyị Ghana na-agba bọọlụ mba ụwa == Ihe odide == <references /> {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Elizabeth Addo – FIFA competition record (archived) * Elizabeth Addo – UEFA competition record (archive) * Elizabeth Addo at Soccerway {{DEFAULTSORT:Addo, Elizabeth}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mc9zgygixrfr2c1z7zkxmml592wtt09 0 17181 688407 674295 2026-07-18T08:40:41Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Ellis (Eli) Reed (amụrụ n'afọ 1946) bụ onye Amerịka na-ese foto na onye nta akụkọ foto.<ref name="dj" /><ref name="uta know">{{Cite journal|author=Rail|first=Dutch|title=Photographer Eli Reed discusses being black in America|journal=KNOW|date=February 11, 2010|url=http://www.utexas.edu/know/2010/02/11/eli_reed-discussion/|accessdate=July 9, 2010}}</ref> Reed bụ onye na-ese foto ''ojii'' mbụ na-arụ ọrụ oge niile nke Magnum Agency were n'ọrụ na onye dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ, gụnyere Black In America.<ref name="rvw" /><ref name="bim">{{Cite book|author=Reed|first=Eli|title=Black In America|date=March 17, 1997|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company; 1st edition|isbn=0-393-03995-1|pages=[https://archive.org/details/blackinamerica00reed/page/160 160]|url=https://archive.org/details/blackinamerica00reed/page/160}}</ref> A matala ọtụtụ n'ime foto sitere na ọrụ ahụ na ihe ngosi na ihe ngosi.<ref>{{Cite web|author=O'NEILL|first=CLAIRE|title=Photographer Eli Reed On Being Black In America|url=https://www.npr.org/blogs/pictureshow/2010/01/photographer_eli_reed_on_being.html|work=The Picture Show|publisher=NPR: National Public Radio|accessdate=July 9, 2010}}</ref><ref name="utbio" /> Reed bụbu Nieman Fellow na Mahadum Harvard (1982[[83) ma bụrụkwa prọfesọ ùgbúà na-ahụ maka foto na Mahadim Texas na Austin. Ọ bụ onye nke abụọ maka Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography n'afọ 1982.<ref name="ppc">{{Cite web|author=Pulitzer Prize Committee|title=Feature Photography|url=http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Feature-Photography|work=1982 Ellis C. Reed of San Francisco Examiner For photos of life in a public housing project.|accessdate=July 9, 2010|archivedate=December 24, 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151224121259/http://www.pulitzer.org/bycat/Feature-Photography}}</ref> Reed bụ onye nnọchi anya Sony Global Imaging yana onye natara World Press Award na Overseas Press Club Award.<ref name="interview" /> E nyere Reed ihe nrite Lucie Foundation Award na Documentary Photography n'afọ 2011. N'afọ 2015, e gosipụtara ọrụ Reed na prestigious Visa pour l'image Festival Du Photoreportage na Perpignan, France. N'ọnwa Ọktoba, afọ 2015, a kpọrọ Reed ka ọ kwuo okwu na Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture dị ka akụkụ nke usoro "Visually Speaking". N'ọnwa Jenụwarị, afọ 2016, Reed bụ onye isi okwu na National Geographic Magazine's Photography Seminar na Washington, D.C. == Oge ọ malitere == A zụlitere Reed na Perth Amboy, [[Nú Jezị|New Jersey]].<ref name="dj">{{Cite journal|author=Halstead|first=Dirck|title=Living in the Now - Photographs by Eli Reed|journal=The Digital Journalist|year=2000|url=http://www.digitaljournalist.org/issue0007/erintro.htm|accessdate=July 9, 2010}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFHalstead2000">Halstead, Dirck (2000). [http://www.digitaljournalist.org/issue0007/erintro.htm "Living in the Now - Photographs by Eli Reed"]. ''The Digital Journalist''. "Eli Reed - The Gentle Giant"<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> O sere foto mbụ ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri, na-edekọ nne ya n'akụkụ osisi Krismas.<ref name="rvw">{{Cite web|author=staff|title=Review: "Eli Reed, Black in America"|url=http://www.fototv.com/eli_reed|work='"Black in America"', a succession of photographs documenting the broader picture of black life in America|publisher=Foto TV|accessdate=July 9, 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170621013817/http://www.fototv.com/eli_reed|archivedate=June 21, 2017}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFstaff">staff. . ''<nowiki/>'"Black in America"', a succession of photographs documenting the broader picture of black life in America''. Foto TV. Archived from [http://www.fototv.com/eli_reed the original] on June 21, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> N'ịbụ onye na-akụziri onwe ya na foto, ọ na-ekwu na nduzi ya bụ Donald Greenhaus kama ọmụmụ ihe ọ bụla.<ref name="interview">{{Cite web|author=Bourne|first=Scott|title=Interview With Eli Reed|url=http://photofocus.com/2009/10/04/interview-with-eli-reed/|work=PhotoFocus Magazine|accessdate=July 9, 2010|date=October 4, 2009|quote=I am self taught but I had a wonderful mentor, Donald Greenhaus, who pointed me in the right direction I should go in. I believe that the more formal education you can receive, the better it will be for you if you have good teachers.|archivedate=August 22, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160822090417/https://photofocus.com/2009/10/04/interview-with-eli-reed/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBourne2009">Bourne, Scott (October 4, 2009). . ''PhotoFocus Magazine''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2010</span>. <q>I am self taught but I had a wonderful mentor, Donald Greenhaus, who pointed me in the right direction I should go in. I believe that the more formal education you can receive, the better it will be for you if you have good teachers.</q></cite></ref> Ọ gụrụ ihe osise na Newark School of Fine and Industrial Arts, gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ 1969. == Ọrụ == Reed ghọrọ onye na-ese foto n'onwe ya n'afọ 1970. Magnum Photos sonyeere ya mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma nke ọrụ ya na esemokwu ndị dị ka agha na Central America, agha na Lebanọn (nke ọ kpuchiri n'etiti afọ 1983 na 1987), nnupụisi Haiti nke afọ 1986 megide "Baby Doc" Duvalier, na ọrụ agha US nke afọ 1989 na Panama.<ref name="utbio">{{Cite news|author=University of Texas, Austin|first=School of Journalism|title=Ellis Reed, Clinical Professor|url=http://journalism.utexas.edu/faculty/elireed.html|accessdate=July 9, 2010|work=College of Communication}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFUniversity_of_Texas,_Austin2005">University of Texas, Austin, School of Journalism (2005). . ''College of Communication''. Archived from [https://web.archive.org/web/20100624005420/http://journalism.utexas.edu/faculty/elireed.html the original] on June 24, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite></ref> Reed ghọrọ onye otu zuru oke nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ n'afọ 1988. O dere ihe ndekọ nke Million Man March, [[Lebanon]] n'oge agha obodo, ndụ nke ndị Afrịka Amerịka, ọgba aghara na Zaire, ọrụ agha US na Panama na ihe ndị ọzọ. Reed malitere ise foto nke ihe nkiri na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'afọ 1992 ma bụrụkwa onye otu Society of Motion Picture Still Photographers (SMPSP).<ref name="utbio" /> Reed na-ejikarị Olympus E-3, E-30, na EP-1 maka ọrụ ya.<ref name="interview"/> Reed akụziwo n'ọtụtụ ebe gụnyere na Maine Photographic Workshop; Wilson Hicks Symposium, Mahadum Miami, Florida; Southeastern Museum of Photography, Daytona, Florida; Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC; Mahadum San Francisco State; Mahadim Harvard; Boston Institute of Art; Academy of fine Art, San Francisco; Mahaduma Texas na Austin; Mahadam Columbia; Empire State College, New York; Mahadom New York, na International Center of Photography.<ref name="utbio"/> === Onyinye === * 1992 W. Eugene Smith Grant na Documentary Photography * 1992 Kodak World Image Award maka Fine Art Photography * 1988 World Press Photo award * 1988 Leica Medal of Excellence * 1983 Onyinye Overseas Press Club * 1982 Nieman Fellowship na Harvard * 1981 Mark Twain Associated Press Award * 1981 Pulitzer Prize, onye nke abụọ * 2011 Lucie Foundation Award maka Foto Documentary === Ihe ngosi === * 1973, The Black Photographer, Mahadum Syracuse * 1973, Foto New Jersey * 1975, Ụlọ Mkpọrọ New Jersey, Newark Museum of Art * 1975, The Whole Sick Crew, Mahadum Newark-Rutgers * 1993, Visa maka onyinyo, Perpignan, France * 1996, Bruce Museum, Greenwich, CT, USA * 1997, Leica Gallery, New York, USA * 1997, Magnum World ngosi na katalọgụ * 1999, Black New York Ndị na-ese foto nke 20th Century Exhibition, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture * 2000, nke a na-apụghị ikewapụ iche * 2000, Reflections in Black, na A History of Black Photographers 1840 to the Present, Smithsonian Museum, Washington, D. C. * 2014, Eli Reed Retrospective, A Long Walk Home, Leica Gallery, NYC * 2014, Visa maka ihe oyiyi Festival Du Photoreportage, Perpignan, France === Akwụkwọ === * A Long Walk Home, Austin: Mahadum nke Texas Press, 2015. * ''Beirut'': City of Regrets, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1988.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30507-4|978-0-393-30507-4]] * Black in America New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1997.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-393-03995-5|978-0-393-03995-5]] * ''Enweghị ebe obibi na America'', 1987. * Tom Rankin, Local Heroes Changing America, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2000.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-393-05028-8|978-0-393-05028-8]] * John Singleton, Poetic Justice: Film Making South Central Style. United States: Delta, 1993.  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/978-0-385-30914-1|978-0-385-30914-1]] === Ihe nkiri (Nmepụta) === * 1992 Getting Out, onye nduzi, mepụtara maka Tokyo TV, gosipụtara na New York Film Festival * 1988 America's Children: Poorest in the Land of Plenty, edemede foto maka NBC. === Ihe nkiri (Specials/Stills) === * 2017 ''Natasha'', ka na-ese foto, nke David Bezmozgis duziri * 2014 One Hundred Years of Freedom, onye na-ese foto na vidiyo, nke Daniel Ostroff duziri * 2005 ''Nọgide'', ka na-ese foto, nke Marc Forster duziri * 2003 ''2'' Fast 2 Furious, onye na-ese foto, nke John Singleton duziri * 2002 Two Weeks Notice, onye na-ese foto, nke Marc Lawrence duziri * 2002 ''8'' Mile, ka na-ese foto, nke Curtis Hanson duziri * 2001 A Beautiful Mind, onye na-ese foto, nke Ron Howard duziri * 2001 Baby Boy, ka na-ese foto, nke John Singleton duziri * 2000 Shaft, ka na-ese foto, nke John Singleton duziri * 1998 One True Thing, onye na-ese foto, nke Carl Franklin duziri * 1996 Day of the Jackal, stills na pụrụ iche, nke Michael Caton-Jones duziri * 1996 Ghost of Mississippi, ihe pụrụ iche, nke Rob Reiner duziri * 1996 ''Rosewood'', stills, nke John Singleton duziri * 1995 Kansas City, stills na pụrụ iche, nke Robert Altman duziri * 1994 Higher Learning, stills, nke John Singleton duziri * 1992 Poetic Justice, stills, nke John Singleton duziri * 1991 The Five Heartbeats, stills, nke Robert Townsend duziri {{DEFAULTSORT:Reed, Eli}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] h0noa0ne4r6h8b8znlr8yiyfmij1bq3 0 17892 688378 623531 2026-07-17T23:13:25Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Dewey Crumpler''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1949) bụ ónyé America na-ese ihe na osote prọfesọ na San Francisco Art Institute.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sfai.edu/bios/dewey-crumpler|title=SFAI|work=www.sfai.edu|accessdate=2019-03-23|archivedate=2019-07-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190712015504/https://sfai.edu/bios/dewey-crumpler}}</ref> E gosipụtara ọrụ ya na mbà na mbà ụwa, a na-egosikwa ya na nchịkọta na-adịgide adịgide nke ebe ngosi ihe mgbè ochie Oakland nké California; Triton Museum of Art, Santa Clara, California; na California African American Museum, Los Angeles. Crumpler enwetala onyinye ntọala Flintridge, onyinye National Endowment for the Arts fellowship, na Fleishacker Foundation, onyinye eureka fellowsship. E tinyewo onyinyo dijitalụ nke mgbidi ya na ihe ngosi Tate Modernī nke afọ 2017 Soul of a Nation: Art In the Age of Black Power na London. == Agụmakwụkwọ na mmalite ndụ == Crumpler tolitere na Hunters Point, mpaghara ndị isi ojii nke San Francisco, wee gaa Balboa High School, ụlọ akwụkwọ magnet nka, gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1967.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sfweekly.com/culture/art/know-your-street-art-a-celebration-of-black-and-tan-fantasy/|title=Know Your Street Art: A Celebration of Black and Tan Fantasy - March 20, 2019|date=2019-03-20|work=SF Weekly|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-12}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://news.artnet.com/art-world/san-francisco-mural-victor-arnautoff-dewey-crumpler-1596409|title=This Artist Painted the Black Radical Response to the George Washington Slaveholder Murals. Here's Why He Is Against Destroying Them|date=2019-07-10|work=artnet News|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-07-12}}</ref> O tinyere aka na Civil Rights activism ma gosipụta ọrụ ya gburugburu ọbọdọ ahụ, mesịa zute ónyé na-ese ihe Emory Douglas nke Black Panther Party. Ya na Douglas so n'òtù ndị na-ese ihe na-ezukọ na ụlọ [[Evangeline Montgomery]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ọrụ == N'ịchọ ndụmọdụ na mural nke 1974 nke San Francisco Unified School District nyèrè iwu, otu nwa okorobịa Crumpler banyere n'okpuru nkụzi Elizabeth Catlett, a gbanwekwara ndụ ya mgbè ọ jikọtara ya na ndị na-ese ihe mural José Clemente Orozco, na Pablo Oːhiggins.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Of Tulips and Shadows: The Visual Metaphors of Dewey Crumpler|author=Hollingsworth|first=Mar|publisher=California African American Museum|year=2008|isbn=978-0978981846|pages=4}}</ref> Ọtụtụ iri afọ ka e mesịrị, ọ pụtara na panel Honoring Catlett na De Young Museum.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://favianna.typepad.com/faviannacom_art_activism/2007/09/just-returned-h.html|title=Event honoring artist, Elizabeth Catlett|work=Favianna.com|accessdate=2019-03-23|archivedate=2019-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323184652/https://favianna.typepad.com/faviannacom_art_activism/2007/09/just-returned-h.html}}</ref> Crumpler ghọrọ prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe méré eme na nka studio na San Francisco Art Institute ébé ụmụ akwụkwọ ya ama ama gụnyere [[Kehinde Wiley]] na Ionna Rozeal Brown . [https://www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2017-09-11/how-we-can-learn-from-debate-over-confederate-statues] == Ihe ngosi ndị a ma ama == * 1987 ''Echiche agbụrụ'', nke Andrée Maréchal-Workman, gụnyere Lauren Adams, [[Robert Colescott]], Dewey Crumpler, Mildred Howard, [[Oliver Lee Jackson]], [[Mary Lovelace O'Neal]], Joe Sam, Elisabeth Zeilon, Tom Holland, Celeste Conner, Jean LaMarr, Sylvia Lark, Leta Ramos, Judy Foosaner, Joseph Goldyne, Belinda Chlouber, Carlos Villa, Berkeley Art Center, Berkeley, California<ref>{{Cite web|date=22 September 1987|title='About Faces' Celebrates Portraiture, Preserve Interest in Ourselves|url=http://www.newspapers.com/image/758505629/|accessdate=2022-02-03|work=Newspapers.com|publisher=Oakland Tribune|language=en}}</ref> * Nkwada: Ọrụ ndị na-adịbeghị anya nke Dewey Crumpler, (naanị), Hedreen Gallery, Seattle, Washington<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.artpractical.com/column/features-collapse-dewey-crumplers-alpha-and-omega/|title=Collapse: Dewey Crumpler's Alpha and Omega|author=Tagle|first=Thea Quiray|work=Art Practical|language=en|accessdate=2019-03-23|archivedate=2019-03-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190323184653/https://www.artpractical.com/column/features-collapse-dewey-crumplers-alpha-and-omega/}}</ref> == Nsọpụrụ == * 1967 Onyinye Honorary Resolution, Mayor, San Francisco, California * 1967 Nkwupụta nsọpụrụ, California State Assembly, Sacramento, California * 1969 Ihe nrite ịzụta, Arts Commission, San Francisco, California * 1975 Ihe nrite maka ihe ịga nke ọma, National Conference of Artists * 1978-1977 Onyinye Ịzụta, Airports Commission, San Francisco, California * 1978-1977 Ihe nrite ịzụta, Fillmore-Fell Gallery, San Francisco, California * 1985-1982 Onyinye Grant, California Arts Council, Artist In-Residence Program * 1991 Ihe nrite onye omenkà a na-asọpụrụ, Pro Art Annual Exhibition, Oakland, California * 1992 Eureka Fellowship Award, Fleishhacker Foundation, Eureka, California * 1995 Onyinye onyinye onyinye, National Endowment for the Arts * 2005 na 2006 Ihe nrite Visual Artist, Flintridge Foundation, Pasadena, California == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Crumpler, Dewey}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] b79v6nvkm7w3w4ru5k0535qgfe82il9 0 18198 688403 641201 2026-07-18T07:11:29Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Edythe (Edy) Boone (amụrụ n'afọ 1938), bụ onye Africa-America na-ese ihe na onye na-eme ihe. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe, onye ndụmọdụ, na ónyé nkụzi nka n'oge ndụ ya niile n'ógbè a na-ejighị ozi na [[California]].<ref name="SFGate">{{Cite news|url=http://www.sfgate.com/movies/article/Artist-activist-Edythe-Boone-finds-New-Color-6524310.php|title=Artist-activist Edythe Boone finds 'New Color'|work=SFGate|accessdate=2017-03-25}}</ref> Ọ bụ nwanne nne Eric Garner, nwoke Africa-America nke ndị uwe ojii New York na-égbú egbụ.<ref name="SFGate"/> Ọnwụ ya, tinyere ọnwụ Michael Brown, dugara na ngagharị iwe ma n'akụkụ ụfọdụ kpaliri Black Lives Matter movement.<ref name="Edythe Boone Edy – A New Color">{{Cite web|url=http://anewcolordocumentary.com/project/edy/|title=Edythe Boone (Edy) – A New Color|work=anewcolordocumentary.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-07|archivedate=2017-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208075132/http://anewcolordocumentary.com/project/edy/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == A maara Boone nke ọma maka ọtụtụ mgbidi ọ sere. Ọ malitere site na ihe osise ya na ala nke ọ bụla nke ụlọ dị na Harlem, [[Nú Yọk|New York]] na ọrụ ya agbasawo site n'afọ ruo n'otu n'ime ọrụ ya kachasị ama ama, na-emepụta ma na-ese ihe osise nke ụlọ ụmụ nwanyị na San Francisco, [[California]].<ref>Lara, Elia. "Edythe Boone." ''Skipping Stones'', Mar.-Apr. 2012, p. 12. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20171208003450/http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=ITOF&sw=w&u=lom_umichanna&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA283155871&asid=ab306134ef6bb0d76f01c64d96a0fab5 General OneFile]". Accessed 25 Mar. 2017.</ref> Ọ malitere ịhụ nka mgbe ọ na-eleta nne nne ya, onye bụ onye na-akwa akwa ma Boone hụrụ onwé ya ka agba, ákwà na ọdịdị gbara ya gburugburu.<ref name="BostonGlobe.com">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2017/02/09/doc-talk-peter-keough-when-talking-talk-walking-walk/BbmYJnyuqe6Q2omfXN6jCL/story.html|title=DOC TALK/PETER KEOUGH When talking the talk is walking the walk - The Boston Globe|work=BostonGlobe.com|accessdate=2017-12-07}}</ref> N'oge ọ bi na Harlem nsogbu crack cocaine jupụtara ma nwee mmetụta dị ukwuu na mmepe nka ya. Ọ bụ n'ebe ahụ ka o mere mgbidi ndị agha nnupụisi iji mee mkpesa banyere ọnọdụ ahụ.<ref name="Edythe Boone Edy – A New Color"/> Ọ bụ nkwenye ya na nka bụ màkà ónyé ọ bụla, ọ bụghị naanị maka ndị ọkachamara, na-achọ inye ndị mmadụ na ọbọdọ ike site na iji nka.<ref name="Edythe Boone Edy – A New Color" /> Boone is perhaps most well-known for being one of the muralists behind the famous ''MaestraPeace'' mural on the Women's Building in San Francisco, California. The mural was created in 1994 by a cooperative of seven female artists, including Boone, Juana Alicia, Miranda Bergman, Susan Kelk Cervantes, Meera Desai, Yvonne Littleton, and Irene Perez.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=http://womensbuilding.org/the-mural/|title=» The Mural|work=womensbuilding.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-11|archivedate=2017-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224072611/http://womensbuilding.org/the-mural/}}</ref> The mural spans two walls and is five stories high.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/is-there-a-mural-to-this-story_us_57db88c7e4b053b1ccf296f2|title=Is There A Mural To This Story?|author=Heymont|first=George|date=2016-09-16|work=Huffington Post|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-03-11}}</ref> A few of the many images on it depict the Aztec Goddess of the Moon Coyolxauhqui, Palestinian legislator and activist Hanan Ashrawi, poet and activist Audre Lorde, painter Georgia O'Keeffe, Puerto Rican revolutionary Lolita Lebrón, and Guatemalan Nobel Peace Prize winner Rigoberta Menchú.<ref name=":3" /> The mural is a major tourist attraction in the city's Mission District. It was restored in 2012 and Boone participated in the restoration.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://missionlocal.org/2012/09/painters-scale-womens-building-to-restore-the-maestrapeace-mural/|title=Painters Scale Women's Building to Restore the "MaestraPeace" Mural|work=MissionLocal|accessdate=2017-03-17|language=en-US}}</ref> The building on which it is painted is a testament to women in itself as it is the first all women owned and run community building. The mural is a testament to women through the ages depicting the struggles and conflicts they have faced.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://womensbuilding.org/the-mural/|title=» The Mural|work=womensbuilding.org|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-12-07|archivedate=2017-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171208070547/https://womensbuilding.org/the-mural/}}</ref> MaestraPeace bụ ihe a ma ama ọ bụghị naanị màkà oke ya na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ama ama ma ọ bụ akụkọ ifo ọ na-egosi, kamakwa màkà mmetụta dị ichè ichè na nke na-emegide ndị na-achị ala nke ndị na-ese ihe dịgasị iche iche gosipụtara. Akụkụ ahụ na-anọchite ányá "mmekọrịta transshistorical, crosscultural na transnational n'etiti ndị Afrịka na ọdịbendị ụmụ amaala nke Amerịka" na ọdịbendụ dị iche iche ya na-adaba na ebumnuche na ọnọdụ nke Ụlọ Ụmụ nwaanyị n'ógbè dị ichè ichè.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Critical Essays on Chicano Studies|author=Latorre|first=Giusela|year=2007|isbn=9783039112814|editor=Espejo|chapter=Rigoberta Menchú, Yemayá and Coyolxauhqui: Afro-Indigenous Aesthetics in Maestrapeace}}</ref> Ọ lekọtara okike na Berkeley, CA nke mural 100-foot (e dechara na 2018) na Ashby Avenue n'etiti Harper na Ellis Streets. Ihe osise ahụ gosipụtara ihe oyiyi nke ndị mmadụ, ébé, na mmekọrịta na-anọchite anya akụkọ ihe méré eme nke South Berkeley site n'oge Ohlone ruo ugbu a.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Mercy|first=Martin|title=New mural is a timeline of South Berkeley, from the Ohlone to the present day|url=https://www.berkeleyside.com/2018/09/07/new-mural-is-a-timeline-of-south-berkeley-from-the-ohlones-to-the-present-day|work=Berkeleyside, 7 September 2018|accessdate=6 January 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.friendsofadeline.org/community-mural-project/|title=The Invisible Becomes Visible: A Community Mural Project|work=Friends of Adeline}}</ref> == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Boone, Edythe}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] npgq6amob97ruvz6rz10yjiinxg4ua5 0 20510 688361 628689 2026-07-17T19:21:45Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688361 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] {{Databox}}'''Dapo Folorunsho Asaju''' (amụrụ na 16 Nọvemba, na afọ 1961), bishọp na onye nkuzi, bụ Bishop Theologian nke Anglican Church of Nigeria na onye bụbu osote chancellor nke Ajayi Crowther University (Ọktoba 1, na afọ 2015-30 Septemba, na afọ 2020). Ọ bụ kansụl na-achịkwa Mahadum Ajayi Crowther họpụtara Dapo.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asaju named Ajayi Crowder varsity's VC - The Nation Nigeria|url=http://thenationonlineng.net/asaju-named-ajayi-crowder-varsitys-vc/amp/|work=The Nation Nigeria|accessdate=12 April 2018|date=24 September 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|title=The Vice Chancellor|accessdate=2022-10-02|archivedate=2019-05-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221001/https://acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Asaju si Iyara Ijumu, na [[Ȯra Kogi|Kogi Steeti]], Naijiria. Ọ malitere agụmakwụkwọ praịmarị ya na ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarịa St Andrew, Kabba ebe o mechara gaa Holy Trinity na [[Lokoja]]. O mechara gụchaa akwụkwọ ya na Okesuna B Primary School, Oja Oba, Ilorin. Ọ gara Abdul Azeez Memorial College Okene maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Ilorin, ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Arts na afọ 1983; Master of Arts na Christian Studies na afọ 1985 na Ph.D. ya na Christian Studies n'afọ 2003 n'otu [[Mahadum nke Ilorin|mahadum]] ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Vice-Chancellor|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|work=Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo|language=en-gb|accessdate=2020-05-27|archivedate=2020-05-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200511105220/https://acu.edu.ng/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> O kwuru okwu mbụ nke Alumni Lecture na mahadum n'afọ 1985. O nwetakwara Masters na Mission site na Birmingham Christian College, Selly Oak, Birmingham, UK na afọ 2003.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Anglicans produce Nigeria's first Bishop, Vice Chancellor {{!}} Elifeonline|url=http://elifeonline.net/professor-dapo-asaju-becomes-nigerias-first-bishop-vice-chancellor/|work=elifeonline.net|accessdate=12 April 2018|archivedate=12 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180412151514/http://elifeonline.net/professor-dapo-asaju-becomes-nigerias-first-bishop-vice-chancellor/}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Asaju malitere ọrụ ya dị ka onye enyemaka gụsịrị akwụkwọ (1983-1984), na Mahadum nke Ilorin na onye enyemaka nkuzi na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Lagos|Mahadim Lagos State]] (1984-1988). Ọ ghọrọ onye nkuzi nke abụọ na 1988, onye nkuzi mbụ (1990), onye nkuzi ukwu (1992) na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Lagos|Mahadum Lagos State]]. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na [[Mahadum nke Ilorin]] dị ka onye nkuzi dị elu (1995), Associate Professor (2000) wee ruo n'ọkwa onyeokachamara nke Christian Studies na afọ 2004. O kwuru okwu mmeghe ya n'afọ 2005, nke akpọrọ "Re-enthroning Theology as Queen of Sciences: Theological and Missiological Challenges of African Biblical Hermeneutics". Ọ bụ onyeokachamara nleta na William Paton Fellow na Ngalaba nke Theology, Mahadum Birmingham, UK ebe o mechara rụọ ọrụ dị ka External Examiner na theses PhD atọ. Ọ bụ onye na-anọchite anya Dean, Faculty of Arts Lagos State University., Na afọ 2005[[2007; Onye na-anọchi anya Deputy Chancellor (Academic) Lagos State University; Onye otu na-achịkwa Council, Lagos State University (2006<nowiki>[[2008]]</nowiki>), onye otu, Advisory Council na Gọọmentị nke Lagos State, Nleta Associate Professor Bayreuth University, Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Profile {{!}} Bishop Theologian|url=http://bishoptheologian-anglican.org.ng/index.php/en/profile|accessdate=12 April 2018|language=en-gb}}</ref> Ọ bụ otu oge onyeisi oche, na Mahadum Lagos Steeti, 1988-1993. == Ndị otu agụmakwụkwọ == Asaju bụ onye otu Kọmitii Na-edepụta Iwu maka mwepụta nke Lagos West Diocese. Ihe onwunwe nkà mmụta okpukpe Grading maka GAFCON Church of Nigeria.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=The Vice Chancellor|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|work=ACU.edu|accessdate=24 January 2019|archivedate=10 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221001/https://acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> == Mmekọrịta == Onyeokachamara Asaju, bụ onye otu ọtụtụ na agụmakwụkwọ gụnyere Kọmitii Na-edepụta Iwu maka mwepụta nke Lagos West Diocese, onye otu Theological resource Grading for GAFCON Church of Naijiria; British Society of New Testament Studies, Nigeria Association for Christian Studies, Nigeria association for Bible studies, Academic staff union of Universities na ndị ọzọ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dapo Folorunsho Asaju|url=https://e.allmixo.com/detail13252463.html|accessdate=2021-05-17|work=e.allmixo.com|archivedate=2021-05-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517091614/https://e.allmixo.com/detail13252463.html}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Asaju bụ Vicar nke Church of Epiphany, Ibara Estate; Church of Transfiguration, Ketu Badagry Expressway; Chaplain Chapel of Light, Lagos State University na afọ 2006 rue afọ 2009. Onye bishọp Theologian, Church of Nigeria na Rector, Crowther Graduate Theological Seminary. Ọ lụrụ Barrister Mrs. Harriet Seun Asaju na ụmụ. Ọ bụ osote onye isi nke Mahadum Ajayi Crowther ruo afọ ise.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Admin|title=The Vice Chancellor|url=https://www.acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor|work=ACU.edu|accessdate=24 January 2019|archivedate=10 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190510221001/https://acu.edu.ng/index.php/administration/principal-officers/the-vice-chancellor}}</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Asaju, Dapo Folorunsho}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Òtù:Ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria]] [[Òtù:Ndị amụrụ na 1961]] oz958o161rsyqju8hu9azi1a3cpahjq 0 22176 688370 101074 2026-07-17T21:36:17Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688370 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Tibung Cultural Display 2023 05.jpg|thumb|Egwu Dagbon ]] '''Egwú bu na ịgba egwú Dagbani o''' bụ omenala bụ isi nke Dagbamba nke West Africa. Ndị Dagbamba na-asụ asụsụ Dagbanli. Ha bụ agbụrụ kachasị n'alaeze Dagbon nke dị na mpaghara ugwu nke [[Ghana]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/149693/Dagomba-kingdom|title=Dagomba kingdom|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica|author=|year=1994|accessdate=8 December 2013}}</ref> Egwú na ịgba egwú na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na Dagbon. Ọ bụ site na nka ndị a ka Dagbamba chebere akụkọ ihe mere eme ha kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. Dagbamba na-ele ịgba egwú anya dị ka ụdị ngosipụta mmetụta uche, mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, arụmọrụ ime mmụọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna mmega ahụ nke na-enyere ha aka ịkọwa ma ọ bụ gosipụta echiche ma ọ bụ kọọ akụkọ. N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, egwu na Dagbon na-esonyere ịgba egwú iji mepụta akụkọ zuru ezu. == Egwú na Dagbon == c02zjy1wbxqfng5s3qey1mti5tvvvym 0 23351 688356 514513 2026-07-17T17:21:40Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688356 wikitext text/x-wiki   {{Databox}} '''Daisy Wotube Okocha''' (amụrụ ya na ụbochi ịrị na ịse na ọnwa Jenụwarị na afọ 1951) o gara ozi dị ka onye isi ikpe nke asaa nke Rivers Steeti, na-elekọta Ụlọikpe Kasị Elu nke steeti ahụ, na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ikpe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Rivers gets first female chief judge|url=https://thenigerialawyer.com/rivers-gets-first-female-chief-judge/|author=Chioma|first=Unini|date=2016-01-05|work=TheNigeriaLawyer|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-28}}</ref> Gọvanọ Ezenwo Wike họpụtara ya na ụlọ ọrụ na 4 Jenụwarị na afọ 2016, ọ nọkwa na oche ahụ ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike ọrụ na Jenụwarụ 15 n'afọ 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Governor Wike Swears In First Female Chief Judge In Rivers State, What She Said (PHOTOS)|url=https://www.legit.ng/685455-governor-wike-swears-first-female-chief-judge-rivers-state-said-photos.html|author=Ihunwo|first=Tony|date=2016-01-04|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2022-10-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020184729/https://www.legit.ng/685455-governor-wike-swears-first-female-chief-judge-rivers-state-said-photos.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=As Justice Okocha Bids Rivers Judiciary Farewell|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2016/01/20/as-justice-okocha-bids-rivers-judiciary-farewell/|author=Amadi|first=Akujobi|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-28|archivedate=2020-11-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116171153/http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2016/01/20/as-justice-okocha-bids-rivers-judiciary-farewell/}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ịsị ịkpe na ikike ime ihe tupu ọ nweta nhọpụta dị mkpa.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Daisy Okocha Takes Oath As Substantive CJ|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2016/01/04/daisy-okocha-takes-oath-as-substantive-cj/|accessdate=11 February 2016|work=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]|date=4 January 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Akujobi Amadi|title=As Justice Okocha Bids Rivers Judiciary Farewell|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2016/01/20/as-justice-okocha-bids-rivers-judiciary-farewell/|accessdate=11 February 2016|work=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]|date=20 January 2016}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ Okocha na ubochi ịri na ịse na ọnwa Jenụwarị n'afọ 1951 na Obio-Akpor, Rivers Steeti, Naijiria. Ọ bụ onye ebo Ikwerre. Nna ya, Jonathan Okocha, bụbu kọmishọna ndị uwe ojii, nne ya, Helen Nonyelum Okocha, bụ onye na-esi nri ọha. Daisy natara LL ya.B. (Hons.) site na Mahadum nke Zaria n'afo 1978. N'afọ ọzọ, na ubochi ịr abuọ na ịteghete na ọnwa June, a nabatara ya n'ụlọ ikpe. O nwekwara diplọma post-graduate na nkà mmụta okpupere, nke ọ gbasoro na Redeemed Christian Bible College (RCBC).<ref name="Daisy">{{Cite web|title=Justice Daisy Okocha|url=http://www.riversjudiciary.com/judges/hon-justice-d-w-okocha/|work=Rivers State Judiciary|accessdate=3 June 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140919005651/http://www.riversjudiciary.com/judges/hon-justice-d-w-okocha/|archivedate=19 September 2014}}</ref> == Ọrụ ikpe == N'afọ 1981, Okocha sonyeere ndị ọka ikpe na obodo ya bụ Rivers Steeti. Ọ malitere ịlụ ọrụ dị ka onye oka ikpe nke mbu na-aga n'ihu n'ọkwa ụlọ ikpe dị iche iche. N'afọ 1991, a họpụtara ya n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu, ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi ikpe na ngalaba Port Harcourt.<ref name="Daisy" /> A họpụtara ya iji nochie Iche Ndu dị ka onye isi ikpe n'afọ 2013. Ọ bụ ezie na mba ikpe Kansul tụrụ alo ya, gọvanọ Chibuike Amaechi jụrụ ịhọpụta ya. Dị ka o si kwuo, o tozughị oke ịnochi nke ọma CJ lara ezumike nká, kansụl ahụ họpụtara ya maka ọdịmma onwe ya.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Onukwugha|first=Anayo|title=I Hold Nothing Against Okocha – Amaechi|url=http://leadership.ng/news/386007/rivers-judicial-crisis-hold-nothing-okocha-amaechi|accessdate=3 June 2015|work=Leadership|date=3 October 2014}}</ref> Na ọnwa June n'afọ 2015, n'okpuru nchịkwa ọhụrụ nke Ezenwo Wike, e dụrụ Okocha n'iyi ọlụ n'ikpeazụ dị ka onye isi ikpe nke Rivers Steeti. Ọ bụ nwanyị mbụ nwere ọnọdụ a, ebe NJC họpụtara ya dị ka onye ọka ikpe kachasị elu n'ụlọ ikpe dị elu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Rivers Names Female CJ …As Iche Ndu Retires Next Month|url=http://www.thetidenewsonline.com/2013/07/29/rivers-names-female-cj-as-iche-ndu-retires-next-month/|accessdate=3 June 2015|work=[[The Tide (Nigeria)|The Tide]]|date=29 July 2013}}</ref> Okocha bụ onye na-ahụ maka akụ na ụba nke mba otu ụmunwanyi ndi ọka ịkpe na ṅaijiria, onye bụbu onye isi nke mba ụwa nke ụmụ nwanyi ndi ọka ''ịkpe'' na Rivers Steeti, onye otu Commonwealth onye ọka ''ịwu'' na ndi ikpe' otu, onye otu ugbu a, mba ụwa otu ụmu nwanyi.<ref name="Daisy" /> == Ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ o nwere == * Onye isi majie na-ahụ maka Ụlọikpe Ụmụaka ruo afọ atọ * Onye odeakwụkwọ gara aga, onye isi oche gara aga nke otu ndi ọka ịkpe nke Naijiria * Onye na eso onye isi ala gara aga nke otu ndi oka ịkpenke ṅaijiria == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ndị si Rivers Steeti * Onye isi ikpe nke Rivers Steeti * Ụlọikpe nke Rivers Steeti {{Clear}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140919005651/http://www.riversjudiciary.com/judges/hon-justice-d-w-okocha/ Profaịlụ Okocha] na Rivers Steeti otu ''ịkpe'' [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] qgxg0j1iqpwnmtlf1vzaphstdqyy2mb 0 28043 688350 630761 2026-07-17T14:59:27Z Chijioke2010 62489 Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1363794303|Health in Nigeria]]" 688350 wikitext text/x-wiki    [[Faịlụ:Primus_International_Superspeciality_Hospital.jpg|thumb|Ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Abuja, isi obodo Naịjirịa]] Na Naịjirịa, e nweela ọganihu dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ahụike kemgbe afọ 1950. Otú ọ dị, ọrịa ndị na-emetụta akpa ume (lower respiratory infections), ọrịa ụmụaka ọhụrụ amụrụ amụ (neonatal disorders), na nje HIV/AIDS ka na-anọgide dịka ihe ndị kachasị ebute ọnwụ n'obodo ahụ. Ọrịa ndị dịka kịtịka enwe (monkeypox), polio, ịba (malaria), na ụkwara nta (tuberculosis) egosila mgbanwe dị mma n'ihi usoro ntinye aka dị iche iche. Ihe ndị ọzọ kachasị echegbu ahụike gụnyere erighị ihe na-edozi ahụ (malnutrition), lulu/mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi (pollution), na ihe mberede okporo ụzọ. N'afọ 2020, Naịjirịa nwetara ọnụ ọgụgụ kachasị elu nke ndị bu ọrịa COVID-19 n'Afrịka niile. Nzukọ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative" (HRMI) na-eme atụmatụ na Naịjirịa na-emezu naanị pacenti iri anọ na asatọ n'isi abụọ (48.2%) nke ọrụ a tụrụ anya n'aka ya maka ikike ahụike, dabere na ego ọ na-enweta n'ozuzu ya. Maka ahụike ụmụaka, Naịjirịa na-emezu pacenti iri isi na isii n'isi isi (66.6%) nke ihe a tụrụ anya ya, ebe maka ndị okenye, ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ bụ pacenti iri isi na otu n'isi asaa (61.7%). Arụmọrụ n'ahụike gbasara ịmụ nwa na mmepụta (reproductive health) dị nnọọ ala, nke ruru naanị pacenti iri na isii n'isi atọ (16.3%) nke ọkwa a tụrụ anya ya. == Atụmanya ndụ na ọnụọgụ ọnwụ ndị na-erubeghị afọ ise == Atụmatụ ndụ mmadụ mgbe a mụrụ ya (life expectancy at birth) na Naịjirịa ruru elu site n'afọ iri anọ na itoolu n'isi anọ (49.4) n'afọ 2007 gaa n'ihe dịka afọ iri ise na anọ (54) n'afọ 2017. Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise (U5MR) n'ime puku mụrụ dị ndụ ọ bụla (per 1,000 live births) belatara site na otu narị na iri anọ na ise n'isi asaa (145.7) n'afọ 2007 gaa na otu narị n'isi abụọ (100.2) n'afọ 2017. E jiri ya tụnyere obodo ndị ọzọ na nkezi zuru ụwa ọnụ, ihe ngosi ahụike nke Naịjirịa ka dị nnọọ ala. [[Faịlụ:Life_expectancy_development_in_Nigeria.svg|thumb|Atụmatụ ndụ mmadụ mgbe a mụrụ ya na Naịjirịa]] '''Ihe iri kacha akpata ọnwụ na Naịjirịa (2007-2017) ''' {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Ihe iri kacha akpata ọnwụ na Naịjirịa ! ! ! ! |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |- | | | | |} [[Faịlụ:Under-5_child_mortality_rate_(1964_-_2017)_and_life_expectancy_at_birth_(1960_-_2017)_in_Nigeria.jpg|Under-5 child mortality rate (1964–2017) and life expectancy at birth (1960–2017) in Nigeria]] Isi Iyi: Ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise (n'ime puku mụrụ dị ndụ ọ bụla) na Atụmatụ ndụ mmadụ mgbe a mụrụ ya (afọ). Atụmatụ ndị a bụ nke nzukọ "UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation" (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) wepụtara. Ntụle nke ihe ngosi ahụike na Naịjirịa na mba ma ọ bụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ e ji atụnyere ya {| class="wikitable" |+Ntụnyere nke ihe ngosi ahụike !Mba/Ógbè !Ogologo ndụ a tụrụ anya ya mgbe a mụrụ ya (2007) !Ogologo ndụ a na-atụ anya ya mgbe a mụrụ ya (2017) !U5MR (2007) !U5MR (2017) !Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị e mere atụmatụ (2018) |- |Naịjirịa |49 |54 |146 |100 |Nde 195+ |- !Mba ndị a na-ezo aka |Ghana |60 |63 |82 |49 |Nde 29+ |- |Malawi |53 |64 |103 |55 |Nde 18+ |- |Rwanda |59 |67 |88 |38 |Nde 13+ |- |Sudan |61 |67 |84 |63 |Nde iri anọ na otu |- |Norway |80 |83 |4 |3 |Nde 5+ |- |United States |78 |79 |8 |7 |Nde 327+ |- |China |75 |76 |20 |9 |1.393 ijeri |- |Australia |81 |82 |5 |4 |Nde 24 |- !Mpaghara na ụwa |Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na Pacific |74 |76 |26 |16 |ijeri 2.328 |- |Europe na Central Asia |75 |78 |15 |9 |Nde 918+ |- |Latin America na Caribbean |73 |76 |24 |18 |Nde 641+ |- |Middle East na North Africa |72 |74 |31 |23 |Nde 448+ |- |Ndịda Eshia |66 |69 |71 |45 |1.814 ijeri |- |Ebe ndịda Sahara nke Afrịka |55 |61 |116 |76 |1.078 ijeri |- |Ụwa |70 |72 |58 |39 |7.594 ijeri |} Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nne na-anwụ na Naịjirịa karịrị 800 n'ime 100,000 a mụrụ dị ndụ.<ref name="MH">{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Maternal health in Nigeria: generating information for action|url=http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/maternal-health-nigeria/en/|accessdate=2021-05-18|work=WHO}}</ref> N'afọ 2013, e dekọrọ ọnụọgụ ọnwụ 560 maka 100,000 ọmụmụ dị ndụ, nke dịtụ elu karịa ọnwụ 516 maka 100,000 ọmụmụ na 1980. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gapminder.org/tools/#$state$time$value=2013;&marker$select@$country=nga&trailStartTime=1980;;&axis_x$which=time&domainMin:null&domainMax:null&zoomedMin:null&zoomedMax:null&scaleType=time&spaceRef:null;&axis_y$which=maternal_mortality_ratio_per_100000_live_births&domainMin:null&domainMax:null&zoomedMin:null&zoomedMax:null&scaleType=genericLog&spaceRef:null;;;&chart-type=bubbles|title=Maternal mortality|accessdate=2019-09-21}}</ref> Ihe ndị na-enye aka gụnyere akụrụngwa nlekọta ahụike ezughi oke, ohere dị nta maka ọrụ ahụike dị mma, <ref>{{Cite journal|date=2011|title=The Nigerian health care system: Need for integrating adequate medical intelligence and surveillance systems|journal=Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences|language=en|volume=3|issue=4|pages=470–8|doi=10.4103/0975-7406.90100|issn=0975-7406|pmid=22219580|author=Welcome|first=Menizibeyaosain}}</ref> nsogbu na-edozi ahụ nke metụtara ịda ogbenye, nchụpụ n'ihi nnupụisi Boko Haram, <ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-49154953/boko-haram-a-decade-of-terror-explained|title=Boko Haram: A decade of terror explained|work=BBC News|date=2019-07-30}}</ref> ite ime na-adịghị mma, <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dspace.unijos.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/1443|title=Health Challenges in the Present Democratic Era in Nigeria: The Place of Technology|accessdate=2019-09-14|archivedate=24 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210824150845/https://dspace.unijos.edu.ng/jspui/handle/123456789/1443}}</ref> na omume ọdịnala na-emerụ ahụ dị ka igbu akụkụ ahụ nwanyị. Na Naịjirịa, ohere nwere ike iduga n'ọnwụ nne dị ime n'oge ndụ ya niile bụ otu n'ime ụmụ nanyị iri abụọ na abụọ (1 n'ime 22). Obodo a nwere iwu siri ike machibidoro isikwatu ime, nke na-amachibido ohere ịnweta usoro nchekwa ma na-abawanye ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara isikwatu ime n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. Nchọpụta e mere n'afọ 2019 rụtụrụ aka n'enweghị nka zuru ezu n'ilekọta ndị ime na-enye nsogbu na mberede (emergency obstetric care) n'etiti ndị na-enye ọrụ ahụike. E nwekwara nnukwu ọdịiche n'etiti mpaghara dị iche iche, ebe ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ nke ndị nne dị ime na-ebelata na mpaghara ndịda Naịjirịa mana ọ ka dị elu na mpaghara ugwu n'ihi ọkwa agụmakwụkwọ dị ala nakwa enweghị ohere zuru ezu iji nweta ọrụ ahụike. Ọnwụ ndị nne (maternal mortality) na-enwe mmetụta siri ike na mmepe akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya (socioeconomic development) na Naịjirịa. Ebumnobi nke Atọ nke Mmepe Na-adigide (Sustainable Development Goal 3, target 1) na-achọ ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnwụ ndị nne ka ọ daa n'okpuru iri asa (70) n'ime puku narị mụrụ dị ndụ ọ bụla (100,000 live births) tupu afọ 2030 eruo. Iji nweta ebumnobi a, ọ dị mkpa ka e nwee mkpọsa mmata (awareness campaigns), nlekọta ahụike ka mma, nakwa mkpebi siri ike na nkọwa ọrụ n'aka gọọmentị na ndị isi obodo.{{Reflist}}  Nnweta mmiri dị mma n'Ebe Ndị Na-emepe Emepere na Naịjirịa rịrị elu site na 47% n'afọ 1990 ruo 54% n'afọ 2010. Nnweta nke ndị bi n'obodo mepere emepe, nke rịdataworo site na 80% ruo 65% n'afọ 2006, gakekwara rụọ 74% ka ọ na-erule afọ 2010.[1] Akụrụngwa nlekọta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ka na-adịghị mma. Imirikiti ezinụlọ na-adabere na mposi olulu (septic tanks) ebe ọ bụ na usoro nsị na mmiri ruru unyi nke etiti kpaara ókè na Abuja nakwa akụkụ ụfọdụ nke Lagos.[1] Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2006 gosiri na ọ bụ naanị 1% nke ezinụlọ ndị dị na Lagos jikọtara na usoro nsị na mmiri ruru unyi a.[2] N'afọ 2016, mmiri na-adịghị mma, nlekọta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma, na ejighị ịdị ọcha kpọrọ ihe kpatara ọnwụ mmadụ 68.6 n'ime mmadụ 100,000 ọ bụla.[3] == Ọrịa == === Nje HIV na Ọrịa AIDS === Nnyocha Ihe Ngosipụta na Mmetụta HIV/AIDS nke Naịjirịa nke afọ 2018 gosiri na ọnụọgụ ndị bu nje HIV n'obodo ahụ n'etiti ndị okenye gbara afọ 15 ruo 49 bụ 1.4%.[1] Ọnụọgụ a dị iche iche nke ukwuu n'ofe mpaghara na steeti dị iche iche. Steeti Akwa Ibom nwere ọnụọgụ kacha elu nke ruru 5.6%, steeti Benue esote ya (4.9%), tupu steeti Rivers esote ha (3.8%).[2] N'aka nke ọzọ, steeti Jigawa na steeti Katsina nwere ọnụọgụ kacha ala nke ruru 0.3%.[3] Ọrịa gbasara emume a na-agbasa kacha site na mmebi iwu na omume ndị dị ize ndụ dị ka inwe ọtụtụ ndị enyi nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na-enwe mmekọahụ, amaghị ihe ize ndụ dị na ya, enweghị ohere zuru oke maka nlekọta ahụike,[1] na ụfọdụ ihe metụtara ọnọdụ akụnaụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gụnyere ịgbagharị ahịa n'akụkụ ebe ndị agha na ndị uwe ojii na-enyocha ihe.[2] Ihe ndị ọzọ na-akpata ya gụnyere ịgba akwụna, ọnụọgụ dị elu nke ọrịa na-efe efe site na mmekọahụ, omume mmekọahụ nzuzo dị ize ndụ, na azụmahịa ịzụ ma ọ bụ ire mmadụ.[3] Ụmụ agbọghọ kacha nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ ma e jiri ha tụnyere ụmụ okorobịa.[3] === Ịba === Ịba, nke bụ ọrịa anwụnta na-ebute, ka na-asọ mpi dị ka otu n'ime ihe kacha ebute ọrịa na ọnwụ na Naịjirịa. Ọ dika mbelata dị nwayọ n'itunye nje na ọnwụ kemgbe afọ 2007,[1] mana ọ ka bụ ihe kacha ebute ọnwụ n'obodo ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2012, ọnụọgụ mgbasa nke ịba bụ 11%.[2] Atụmatụ Mgbochi Ịba nke Onye Isiala (President's Malaria Initiative) kọwara Naịjirịa dị ka obodo nwere ibu arọ dị elu nke ọrịa a.[3] Usoro Nchịkwa Ịba nke Mba (National Malaria Control Program) nakweere isiokwu mkpọsa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke bụ, 'Kwụsị Ịba Maka Ndụ Nke Ọma.'[4] N'afọ 2017, ịba rịgooro dị ka ihe nke anọ kacha ebute ọnwụ na Naịjirịa, ebe ọnụọgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka na-erubeghị afọ ise na ọnụọgụ ọnwụ ụmụaka ọhụrụ mụrụ bụ 103.2 na 62.6 n'ime ụmụaka 1,000 ọ bụla a mụrụ ná ndụ, n'otu n'otu.[1] Mgbasa ọrịa a dị elu ka na-aga n'ihu na steeti dị iche iche, nke nsogbu ndị dị ka isi ike ọgwụ na ọgwụ anwụnta (anwụnta adaghị n'ọgwụ) nakwa ụgwọ akụnaụba dị elu nke mbọ a na-agba iji kpochapụ ya na-agbakwunye.[2] Nchịkwa anwụnta dị mma, nchọpụta ziri ezi, na ọgwụgwọ ziri ezi dị mkpa maka ịlụso ọrịa a ọgụ. Nduzi siri ike, ime ihe n'eguzogosị kwụ ọtọ, na ajụjụ na azịza (aza ajụjụ maka omume mmadụ) n'ọkwa gọọmentị niile dị mkpa iji hụ na e nwere ihe bose n'ịgbalị ịchịkwa na ikpochapụ ịba.[2 === Ọrịa na-enye obodo nọrọ === N'afọ 1985, ntiwapụ nke ọrịa ịba mpanaka (yellow fever) na Naịjirịa kpatara ọnwụ nke ihe karịrị mmadụ 1,000. Ọrịa a gbasara gburugburu ebe ahụ rụọ afọ ise, ma kpatakwuo ọnwụ ndị ọzọ. Ọgwụ mgbochi ịba mpanaka adịla kemgbe afọ ndị 1930.[1] Ọrịa ndị ọzọ na-enye obodo nọrọ (endemic) na Naịjirịa gụnyere ịba (malaria), ogbu na-acha n'anya ụdị A (hepatitis A), ogbu na-acha n'anya ụdị B (hepatitis B), taịfọdụ (typhoid), emume akpụkpọ ụbụrụ (meningitis), na ahụ ọkụ Lassa (Lassa fever).[2][3] Na gazi, a na-adụkarị ndị na-eme njem na-abịa Naịjirịa ọdụ ka ha nweta ọgwụ mgbochi na ọgwụ dị iche iche iji chebe onwe ha pụọ n'ọrịa ndị a.[2] === Ịba Enwe === Mpox, nke a na-akpọkwa ịba enwe (monkeypox), bụ ọrịa na-agbakarị n'etiti anụmanụ nke na-esi n'ahụ anụmanụ na-efe gaa n'ahụ mmadụ. Ọ pụkwara isi n'ahụ onye nwere ọrịa ahụ gaa n'ahụ mmadụ ọzọ. Mpox na-efe mgbe e nwere mmekọrịta ma ọ bụ mmetụ aka n'etiti anụmanụ ma ọ bụ mmadụ nwere ọrịa ahụ, ma ọ bụ site n'ihe unyi ruru rịa ọrịa metụrụ aka. Mpox nwere ọgwụgwọ doro anya dị iche maka ya. Anyị nwere ike igbochi ya naanị site na mchacha aka anyị oge niile site n'ịsa ya ma hụ na anyị siri anụmanụ ọ bụla anyị chọrọ iri nke ọma ka ọ gbaa ọkụ. A chọpụtara ọrịa a na mbụ n'afọ 1971 na Naịjirịa ebe a hụrụ mmadụ abụọ rịara ya.[1][2] === Kofidi-biri-itolu === Nzaghachi Naịjirịa banyere ntiwapụ ọrịa COVID-19 gụnyere usoro dị iche iche e mere iji chịkwaa mgbasa nke nje ahụ, gụnyere iwu mmachibido iwu ịpụ n'èzí (lockdown), mmachibido iwu njem, na ịbawanye nnyocha ọbara. Gọọmentị sozi ndị otu mba ụwa rụọ ọrụ dị ka Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) na Njikọ Afrịka (African Union) iji nweta ọgwụ mgbochi. N'agbanyeghị mbọ ndị a rụpụtara, Naịjirịa chere ihe isi ike ihu n'ihe gbasara nkesa ọgwụ mgbochi na akụrụngwa ahụike ọha. Ntiwapụ ọrịa a mekwara ka nsogbu ahụike dịbu adị ka njọ, nke mere ka ihe onwunwe obodo ahụ nke pọrọ nku na mbụ hụkwuo ahụhụ.[1] [[Faịlụ:Elephantiasis.jpg|thumb|Ọrịa Elephantiasis]] Ọrịa ndị a na-asọ oge n'mpaghara okpomọkụ nke a na-eleghara anya (Neglected tropical diseases) bụ òtù ọrịa dị iche iche na-efe efe nke nje gasị dị iche iche na-akpata, gụnyere vaịros (viruses), baktiria (bacteria), katsiri (parasites), fọngas (fungi), na ihe ndị na-egbu egbu (toxins).[1][2][3] Ọrịa ndị a na-akachasị emesi ndị obodo ogbenye gburugburu ike, ọkachasị n'mpaghara okpomọkụ na gburugburu ya. Na Naịjirịa, ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya bụ nnukwu nchegbu n'ahụike ọha na eze n'ihi otú ha siri gbasazie n'ọtụtụ ebe nakwa mmetụta ha n'akụnaụba na mmekọrịta ọha. Naịjirịa nwere otu n'ime ibu arọ kachasị elu nke ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya n'[[Afrịka]]. Ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi, ịda ogbenye, akụrụngwa ahụike ezughi oke, na ịdabere n'ọrụ ugbo na-emetụta ọrịa ndị a na mba ahụ. Ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na Naịjirịa bụ ndị na-ebute ọrịa, nwere ebe nchekwa anụmanụ, ma gosipụta usoro ndụ dị mgbagwoju anya, nke na-eweta nnukwu ihe ịma aka maka itinye aka na ahụike ọha.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ochola|first=Elizabeth A.|date=February 2021|title=The impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) on health and wellbeing in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): A case study of Kenya|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=15|issue=2|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0009131|pmid=33571200}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Nigeria—Integrated Approach to Neglected Tropical Diseases (UNITED) · DAI: International Development|url=https://www.dai.com/our-work/projects/nigeria-integrated-approach-to-neglected-tropical-diseases-united|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.dai.com|language=en-us}}</ref> * Lymphatic filariasis: A makwaara dị ka elephantiasis, bụ ọrịa parasitic nke ikpuru dịka ''Wuchereria bancrofti'', ''Brugia Malay'', na ''Brugia timori'' kpatara. A na-ebute ya site na ịta anwụnta site na ụdị dị ka ''Anopheles, Culex, Aedes,'' na ''Mansonia''. Ọrịa ahụ na-emetụta usoro lymphatic, na-eduga na ọzịza siri ike (lymphedema) na aka, akụkụ ahụ, na ara. Ka oge na-aga, akpụkpọ ahụ na-esiwanye ike, ebe ndị ahụ na-emetụta na-afụ ụfụ, na-eme ka ọ sie ike ịkwagharị. Ọrịa a nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsogbu, gụnyere nkwarụ, ọrịa nke abụọ, na nsogbu uche. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arịa ọrịa lymphatic filariasis na-eche ihere mmekọrịta ihu n'ihi ọdịdị ha, nke nwere ike imetụta ahụike uche ha na ogo ndụ ha. N'ọnọdụ ndị siri ike, ọnọdụ ahụ na-egbochi ịgagharị na ọrụ kwa ụbọchị, na-enye aka na nhụjuanya anụ ahụ na nke mmetụta uche ogologo oge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Lymphatic filariasis|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/lymphatic-filariasis|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Lymphatic filariasis (Elephantiasis)|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/lymphatic-filariasis|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> * [[Isianyaọcha|Onchocerciasis]], nke a maara nke ọma dị ka ìsì osimiri, sitere na ''Onchocerca volvulus'', ikpuru parasitic nke a na-ebute site na ịta nke blackflies na-arịa ọrịa (Ụdị <nowiki><i id="mwAgI">Simulium</i></nowiki>). Nnụnụ ojii ndị a na-amụ nwa n'osimiri ndị na-asọ ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka obodo ndị dị nso n'ebe ndị dị otú ahụ bụrụ ndị na-adịghị ike. Ozugbo ha banyere n'ime ahụ mmadụ, ikpuru na-emepụta microfilariae, nke na-agafe akpụkpọ ahụ na anya, na-eduga na nsogbu ahụike siri ike. Mgbaàmà nke onchocerciasis gụnyere ịta ezigbo ụta, akpụkpọ ahụ, na depigmentation, nke a na-akpọkarị "akpụkpọ agụ owuru. " Ndị butere ọrịa nwekwara ike ịmepụta nodules n'okpuru akpụkpọ ahụ ebe ikpuru toro eto bi. Ka oge na-aga, ọrịa ahụ nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu ịhụ ụzọ, n'ikpeazụ na-eduga na ìsì a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe. E wezụga nhụjuanya anụ ahụ, ọrịa ahụ na-akpata ibu arọ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na akụ na ụba, ebe ndị mmadụ nwere ike ịlụ ọgụ na ọrụ kwa ụbọchị. Mgbochi na ọgwụgwọ nke onchocerciasis na-agụnye nlekọta nke ivermectin, nke na-egbu microfilariae ma na-enyere aka ịchịkwa ọganihu nke ọrịa ahụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, mgbalị iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ blackfly site na usoro nchịkwa vector, dị ka ịgbasa ọgwụ ahụhụ, na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ibelata nnyefe. Ọgwụgwọ na-aga n'ihu na usoro mgbochi dị mkpa iji belata mmetụta nke ọrịa a na-emebi emebi, ọkachasị na mpaghara ndị na-efe efe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Onchocerciasis (river blindness)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/onchocerciasis|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Onchocerciasis (river blindness)|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/onchocerciasis#tab=tab_1|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> * Schistosomiasis, nke a makwaara dị ka [[Skistosomiasis|Bilharzia]], bụ ọrịa parasitic nke ụdị dị iche iche nke ''Schistosoma'' kpatara, gụnyere ''S. mansoni'', ''S. haematobium'', na ''S. japonicum''. Ọrịa a na-eme mgbe ndị mmadụ na-emetụta mmiri dị ọcha nke snails na-arịa ọrịa na-emetọ nke na-ewepụta igurube parasitic. Ozugbo ha nọ n'ime ahụ, nje ndị ahụ na-etolite ma na-akwaga n'akụkụ dị iche iche, na-eduga na mgbaàmà dịka ọbara na mamịrị (urine schistosomiasis), [[afọ ọsịsa]], mmerụ ahụ imeju, na n'ọnọdụ siri ike, nkụchi akụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na a gwọọ ya, schistosomiasis nwere ike ịkpata nnukwu nsogbu, gụnyere ọrịa kansa ụkwara, Fibrosis imeju, ụkọ ọbara, na nkwụsị uto n'ime ụmụaka. Igbochi schistosomiasis na-agụnye izere mmetụ na isi iyi mmiri na-emetọ emetọ na itinye usoro nchịkwa snail iji belata mgbasa nke ọrịa. Mass drug administration na praziquantel bụ usoro ọgwụgwọ dị irè iji kpochapụ nje ma gbochie nsogbu ogologo oge. Mgbalị ahụike ọha na eze na-elekwasị anya n'imeziwanye mmiri dị ọcha, ịkụziri obodo ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ, na ịkwalite nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ n'oge iji belata mmetụta nke ọrịa ahụ. Site na usoro mgbochi na usoro ọgwụgwọ na-aga n'ihu, enwere ike ịchịkwa schistosomiasis nke ọma ma belata ibu arọ ya nke ukwuu. [[Faịlụ:Ascaris_infection_in_X-ray_image-_Pica,_the_practice_of_eating_soil_(South_Africa)_(16424840111).jpg|thumb|Ọrịa Ascaris na foto X-ray- Pica, omume iri ala (South Africa) (16424840111) ]] * Helminths na-ebute n'ala, gụnyere roundworms (''Ascaris lumbricoides''), hookworms (''Necator americanus'', ''Ancylostoma duodenal''), na [[Trichuris trichiura|Trichuris trichiura">whipworms]] (Trichuris trichiura), bụ parasitic worms nke na-emetụta ụmụ mmadụ site na nri emetọ, mmiri, ma ọ bụ mmetụ aka na ala butere ọrịa. Nje ndị a na-akpata nsogbu ahụike dị mkpa dị ka nsogbu na-edozi ahụ, uto na-adịghị mma, ụkọ ọbara, ihe mgbu afọ, na afọ ọsịsa. N'ime ụmụaka, ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nwere ike iduga na nkwarụ ọgụgụ isi na mbelata arụmọrụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, na-emetụtawanye mmepe ha. Mgbasa nke ikpuru ndị a na-ejikọta ya na adịghị ọcha na omume ịdị ọcha, na-eme ka ha jupụta na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị mmiri dị ọcha na nkwụsịtụ kwesịrị ekwesị. Igbochi ọrịa helminth a na-ebute n'ala chọrọ njikọta nke ịdị ọcha ka mma, agụmakwụkwọ ịdị ọcha, na mmemme deworming. Ịkwalite ịsa aka kwesịrị ekwesị, iyi akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-echebe, na ijide n'aka na mmiri dị ọcha nwere ike belata ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrịa. A na-eji ọgwụgwọ deworming, dị ka albendazole na mebendazole, eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na atụmatụ ahụike ọha na eze iji chịkwaa ma kpochapụ ọrịa, ọkachasị n'etiti ụmụaka nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ. Idozi ọrịa ndị a dị oke mkpa maka imeziwanye ahụike n'ozuzu ya, ịkwalite nsonaazụ agụmakwụkwọ, na imebi usoro ịda ogbenye na obodo ndị metụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Soil-transmitted helminth infections|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Trachoma_1.png|thumb|Trachoma 1]] * Trachoma bụ ọrịa anya na-efe efe nke nje bacteria ''Chlamydia trachomatis'' kpatara. Ọ na-agbasa site na mmetụ anya kpọmkwem site n'aka ndị butere ọrịa ma ọ bụ site na ụmụ ahụhụ na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ihe na-ebute ọrịa. Ọrịa ahụ na-ebute ọbara ọbara, iwe, na nsị n'anya. Ọ bụrụ na a gwọọ ya, ọrịa ndị a na-ebute ugboro ugboro na trichiasis, ọnọdụ ebe anya na-agbanye n'ime ma na-agbanyụ cornea, na-akpata ọnyá. Ọnọdụ siri ike nwere ike ịkpata ìsì a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe, na-eme ka trachoma bụrụ isi ihe na-akpata ìsì a pụrụ igbochi n'ụwa niile. Igbochi na ịgwọ trachoma gụnyere usoro SAFE, ịwa ahụ iji dozie trichiasis, Antibiotics dị ka azithromycin iji kpochapụ ọrịa ahụ, ịdị ọcha ihu iji belata nnyefe, na mmelite gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ịdị ọcha ka ibelata ọmụmụ nnụnụ. Omume ahụike ọha na eze na-elekwasị anya na ịdị ọcha na ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ibelata mgbasa nke ọrịa ahụ. Site na mgbalị na-aga n'ihu, enwere ike iwepụ trachoma dị ka nchegbu ahụike ọha na eze na mpaghara ndị metụtara.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Trachoma - Symptoms and causes|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/trachoma/symptoms-causes/syc-20378505|accessdate=2025-03-23|work=Mayo Clinic|language=en}}</ref> * [[Ekpenta]], nke a makwaara dị ka ọrịa Hansen, bụ ọrịa na-efe efe na-adịghị ala ala nke Mycobacterium leprae kpatara, nje bacteria na-eto ngwa ngwa nke na-emetụta akpụkpọ ahụ, akwara, na mucous membranes. A na-ebute ya site na mmekọrịta chiri anya na onye butere ọrịa, nke a na-ahụkarị site na mmiri ozuzo. Ọrịa ahụ na-apụta site na mgbaàmà ndị dị ka mmerụ ahụ akpụkpọ ahụ, enweghị mmetụta, mmebi akwara, na adịghị ike nke uru ahụ. Ọ bụrụ na a gwọọghị ya, ekpenta nwere ike ibute nnukwu nsogbu, gụnyere nkwarụ, nkwarụ na-adịgide adịgide, na ịkpa ókè ọha na eze n'ihi echiche na-ezighi ezi gbara ọrịa ahụ gburugburu. N'agbanyeghị ihere akụkọ ihe mere eme ya, ekpenta bụ ọrịa a na-agwọta, nchọpụta n'oge na-arụkwa ọrụ dị mkpa n'igbochi nsogbu ogologo oge. Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa (WHO) na-atụ aro ọgwụgwọ ọtụtụ ọgwụ site na iji ngwakọta nke rifampicin, dapsone, na clofazimine, nke na-ewepụ nje bacteria ma kwụsị nnyefe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Perron|first=Gabriel G|title=Source–sink dynamics shape the evolution of antibiotic resistance and its pleiotropic fitness cost|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences|date=22 September 2007|volume=274|issue=1623|pages=2351–2356|doi=10.1098/rspb.2007.0640}}</ref> Ịkwalite mmata, imeziwanye ohere maka nlekọta ahụike, na ibelata ihere ọha na eze bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa iji kpochapụ ekpenta na ijide n'aka na ndị metụtara ya na-enweta ọgwụgwọ n'oge na nke dị irè. * Enweghị ego zuru oke: Otu n'ime ihe ịma aka ndị dị mkpa n'ịchịkwa ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na Naịjirịa bụ ego. Ihe onwunwe e kenyere maka mmemme ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na-abụkarị ezughi ezu iji kwado mbọ itinye aka ogologo oge. Ọtụtụ atụmatụ na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na ndị na-enye onyinye mba ụwa, ma mgbe ego na-agbanwe agbanwe ma ọ bụ ezughi oke, mmemme ndị dị mkpa dị ka nlekọta ọgwụ, njikwa vector, na nlekota na-enwe nsogbu. Enweghị itinye ego zuru oke na nyocha, ọgwụgwọ, na usoro mgbochi, ọganihu iji kpochapụ ọrịa ndị a na-anọgide na-eji nwayọ, obodo ndị metụtara na-aga n'ihu na-ata ahụhụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=ENDING THE NEGLECT: COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF ELIMINATING NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES IN NIGERIA BY 2030|url=https://end.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/EndFund-Report-Dec21st-2022.pdf|work=end.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Onasanya|first=Adeola|title=Evaluating stakeholder coordination and partnerships for NTD elimination in Taraba state, Nigeria: a multi-level analysis|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|date=27 January 2025|volume=25|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12879-025-10553-x|pmid=39871204}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Neglected Tropical Diseases Health Financing Landscape and Fund Flow Analysis in Cross River State|url=https://r4d.org/wp-content/uploads/Nigeria-FFA-Report-Final_09.27.23-1.pdf|work=r4d.org}}</ref> * Ihe owuwu ahụike na-adịghị ike: Usoro nlekọta ahụike nke Naijiria, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo na mpaghara ndị a na-ejighị eme ihe, na-eche nnukwu ihe ịma aka ihu n'inye ọrụ zuru oke maka ịchịkwa ọrịa ndị a na'ebe okpomọkụ. Ọtụtụ obodo enweghị ụlọ ọrụ ahụike zuru oke, ndị ọrụ a zụrụ azụ, na ihe ndị dị mkpa, na-eme ka o sie ike maka ndị mmadụ ịnata nchọpụta na ọgwụgwọ n'oge. N'ógbè ụfọdụ, ụlọ ọrụ nlekọta ahụike dị anya site na ndị metụtara, na-eme ka ohere ịnweta ntinye aka dị mkpa sie ike. Ihe owuwu a na-adịghị ike na-egbochi ịdị irè nke nlekota ọrịa, nchọpụta n'oge, na mbọ nchịkwa, na-enye ohere ka ọrịa ndị a leghaara anya na-aga n'ihu ma gbasaa.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Marchal|first=Bruno|title=Neglected tropical disease (NTD) control in health systems: The interface between programmes and general health services|journal=Acta Tropica|date=September 2011|volume=120|pages=S177–S185|doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.02.017|pmid=21439930}}</ref> * Mgbochi na ibute ọrịa ọzọ: Nchịkwa nke ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na-eme ka ihe ịma aka nke iguzogide nje na ibute nje ọzọ dị mgbagwoju anya. Ọtụtụ ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya, dị ka [[Skistosomiasis|schistosomiasis]] na lymphatic filariasis, nwere usoro mgbasa ozi dị mgbagwoju anya nke na-eme ka mkpochapụ zuru oke sie ike. Ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere adịghị ọcha na nlekọta mkpofu ezughi oke, na-enye aka na nnyefe na-aga n'ihu. Ọbụna mgbe ọgwụgwọ gasịrị, ndị bi n'ebe ndị dị oke egwu na-enwekarị otu ọnọdụ ahụ nke dugara na ibute ọrịa na mbụ, na-eme ka ohere nke ibute ọrịa ọzọ. N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ọgwụ na-eguzogide na-etolite, na-eme ka ọgwụgwọ ghara ịdị irè ma na-achọ mmepe nke usoro ọgwụgwọ ọhụrụ. * Mmekọrịta obodo pere mpe: Nchịkwa dị irè nke ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya na-achọ ntinye aka site na obodo ndị dị n'ógbè ahụ, mana nkwenkwe mmekọrịta na ọdịbendị na enweghị mmata na-egbochi mbọ itinye aka. N'ebe ụfọdụ, echiche na-ezighi ezi banyere ihe na-akpata ọrịa na ọgwụgwọ na-eduga na iguzogide ntinye aka ahụike. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, nkwenkwe ọdịnala nwere ike ịkọwa ọrịa ndị a na-eleghara anya n'ebe okpomọkụ site na ihe karịrị nke mmadụ kama ịbụ ihe ndị metụtara gburugburu ebe obibi ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ, na-eduga ndị mmadụ ịchọ ọgwụgwọ ọzọ kama nlekọta ahụike. Tụkwasị na nke a, obodo ụfọdụ amaghị maka ọrụ nlekọta ahụike dịnụ ma ọ bụ na-atụ egwu ịta ahụhụ, nke na-egbochi ha ịchọ ọgwụgwọ. Ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ ahụike na itinye ndị isi obodo na mkpọsa mmata bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa iji merie ihe mgbochi ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Community engagement in neglected tropical disease treatment - Treatment in Nigeria: Rethinking the needs of varying contexts|url=https://countdown.lstmed.ac.uk/sites/default/files/content/centre_page/attachments/Community%20Engagement_final.pdf|work=countdown.lstmed.ac.uk}}</ref> === Opioid riri ahụ === N'afọ 2024, opioids bụ isi ihe na-akpata oke ọgwụ na Naịjirịa.<ref name="NigeriaSSA2024">{{Cite journal|author=Oladapo|first=Rasaq|title=Combating opioid misuse in Nigeria: A comprehensive strategy for public health and social stability|journal=Society for the Study of Addiction|date=2025|volume=120|issue=2|pages=385–386|doi=10.1111/add.16710|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/add.16710|accessdate=27 April 2025}}</ref> N'afọ 2024, opioids dị ka tramadol na codeine dị n'ọtụtụ ebe na Naịjirịa.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024">{{Cite journal|author=Alare|first=Kehinde|title=The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions|journal=The Lancet|date=October 19, 2024|volume=404|issue=10462|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01855-5/fulltext|accessdate=27 April 2025}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAlareMuili2024">Alare, Kehinde; Muili, Abdulbasit (19 October 2024). [https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01855-5/fulltext "The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions"]. ''The Lancet''. '''404''' (10462)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Opiates ndị ọzọ dịnụ gụnyere pentazocin na morphine. <ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> Opiate na-eji ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe, ma n'obodo ukwu ma n'ime ime obodo.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> N'obodo ụfọdụ, a na-ejikarị opioid eme ihe, a na'ahụkwa ya dị ka ụzọ a na-adịghị emebi emebi iji dozie nrụgide onwe onye.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> N'afọ 2024, e nwere ụlọ ọgwụ ole na ole.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024" /> Omume mmanye iwu lekwasịrị anya n'ịghọ mpụ nke iji ọgwụ ọjọọ eme ihe, kama igbochi inye ọgwụ ọjọọ.<ref name="NigeriaLancet2024">{{Cite journal|author=Alare|first=Kehinde|title=The opioid crisis in Nigeria: a call for public health and policy interventions|journal=The Lancet|date=October 19, 2024|volume=404|issue=10462|url=https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(24)01855-5/fulltext|accessdate=27 April 2025}}</ref> == Nri == Nutrition, especially in northern Nigeria, is often inadequate. Since 2002, food staples have been required to be fortified with nutrients such as vitamin A, folic acid, zinc, iodine, and iron. However, some Nigerian industries have opposed this, citing reduced profit margins. The Bill &amp;amp; Melinda Gates Foundation is contributing   $5 million over four years to enforce a rigorous testing regime to ensure the standards are met. The initiative aims to provide critical nutrients to children, particularly those who consume mainly cereal and beans, at low cost. This would help reduce the risk of stunting and death from diseases like measles and diarrhea. Nearly half of child deaths under five are attributed to malnutrition.<ref name="Financial Times">{{Cite news|title=Nigerian food sector commits to nutrient fortification|url=https://www.ft.com/content/3a5712ca-9819-11e8-9702-5946bae86e6d?emailId=5b6873a4a1ccf60004083fa6|accessdate=21 September 2018|publisher=Financial Times|date=5 August 2018}}</ref> Additionally, [[Aliko Dangote]], whose companies supply salt, sugar, and flour, has called for a crackdown on the importation of low-quality food products, often smuggled into local markets.<ref name="Financial Times" /> === Mmetọ === Nchịkọta okporo ụzọ na Lagos, [[Mmetọ|mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi]] - gụnyere [[Mmetọ Mmiri|mmetọ mmiri]], [[Mmetọ ikuku]], na mmetọ mkpọtụ - bụ isi nsogbu ahụike. Usoro mmiri na Naịjirịa bụ ebe nchekwa maka kemịkal na-egbu egbu. Ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas, tinyere nsị zuru oke n'ime ụzọ mmiri, emeela ka mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi dị ukwuu.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Ratcliffe|first=Rebecca|date=2019-12-06|title='This place used to be green': the brutal impact of oil in the Niger Delta|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2019/dec/06/this-place-used-to-be-green-the-brutal-impact-of-oil-in-the-niger-delta|accessdate=2020-05-26}}</ref> Ihe ndị na-egbu egbu dị ka polyaromatic hydrocarbons, ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ polyfluoroalkyl, na ọla dị arọ na-emetọ oké osimiri, osimiri, na iyi.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Adeogun|first=Aina O.|date=May 2016|title=Corrigendum to "Intersex and alterations in reproductive development of a cichlid, Tilapia guineensis, from a municipal domestic water supply lake (Eleyele) in Southwestern Nigeria" [Sci. Total Environ. 541 (2016) 372–382]|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=551-552|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.069|issn=0048-9697}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ibor|first=Oju R.|date=December 2016|title=Gonado-histopathological changes, intersex and endocrine disruptor responses in relation to contaminant burden in Tilapia species from Ogun River, Nigeria|journal=Chemosphere|volume=164|pages=248–262|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.08.087|pmid=27591376|issn=0045-6535}}</ref><ref name="ND">{{Cite journal|author=Khan|first=Essa A.|date=2019-05-15|title=Modulation of Neuro-Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Female Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Perfluoroalkyl Substances|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=53|issue=12|pages=7036–7044|doi=10.1021/acs.est.9b00637|pmid=31090407|issn=0013-936X}}</ref> N'afọ 2018, akwụkwọ akụkọ The Nation kọrọ banyere mkpofu ihe na-ekwesịghị ekwesị na ''Mba ahụ'', na-ekwu na enweghị usoro nchịkwa mkpofu kwesịrị ekwesị, nke na-eduga n'ịtụfu ihe mkpofu n'enweghị isi, akpa polythene, karama plastik, na ihe mkpofu ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/improper-waste-disposal-a-threat-to-our-survival/|title=Improper waste disposal: A threat to our survival|date=2018-04-25|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> The Huffington Post na May 2017 welitere egwu banyere ịtụfu plastik n'oké osimiri, na-ekwu na "oké osimiri na-abanye na plastik - ọ dịghịkwa onye na-elebara egwu ahụ anya". The Ellen MacArthur Foundation, na mmekorita ya na World Economic Forum, buru amụma na ka ọ na-erule afọ 2050, plastik dị n'oké Osimiri ga-ebu ibu karịa azụ. A na-atụ anya na mmụba a na-eri ga-eme ka ihe ndị na-adịghị mma na-emetụta plastik.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/plastic-waste-oceans_n_58fed37be4b0c46f0781d426|title=The Oceans Are Drowning In Plastic -- And No One's Paying Attention|author=Mosbergen|first=Dominique|date=2017-04-27|work=HuffPost|accessdate=2019-09-19}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu nwere kemịkal estrogenic na androgenic, nke nwere ike ịbanye na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ma nwee ike imebi ọrụ homonụ.<ref name="ND">{{Cite journal|author=Khan|first=Essa A.|date=2019-05-15|title=Modulation of Neuro-Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Female Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Perfluoroalkyl Substances|journal=Environmental Science & Technology|volume=53|issue=12|pages=7036–7044|doi=10.1021/acs.est.9b00637|pmid=31090407|issn=0013-936X}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKhanBertottoDaleLille-Langøy2019">Khan, Essa A.; Bertotto, Luisa B.; Dale, Karina; Lille-Langøy, Roger; Yadetie, Fekadu; Karlsen, Odd André; Goksøyr, Anders; Schlenk, Daniel; Arukwe, Augustine (15 May 2019). "Modulation of Neuro-Dopamine Homeostasis in Juvenile Female Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) Exposed to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Perfluoroalkyl Substances". ''Environmental Science & Technology''. '''53''' (12): <span class="nowrap">7036–</span>7044. [[Bibcode (identifier)|Bibcode]]:[https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019EnST...53.7036K 2019EnST...53.7036K]. [[Digital object identifier|doi]]:[[doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b00637|10.1021/acs.est.9b00637]]. [[Hdl (identifier)|hdl]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[hdl:1956/22362|1956/22362]]</span>. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-936X 0013-936X]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31090407 31090407]. [[S2CID (identifier)|S2CID]]&nbsp;[https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206583654 206583654].</cite></ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Arukwe|first=Augustine|date=2008-04-09|title=Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein and cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc)-regulated steroidogenesis as an organ-specific molecular and cellular target for endocrine disrupting chemicals in fish|journal=Cell Biology and Toxicology|volume=24|issue=6|pages=527–540|doi=10.1007/s10565-008-9069-7|pmid=18398688|issn=0742-2091}}</ref> Ihe ndị a na-emetọ ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri, na-emetụta ndụ ha na ikike ọmụmụ ha, ha na-agbakọta na usoro nri. Naịjirịa nwere ụfọdụ n'ime ikuku kachasị njọ n'ụwa (nke anọ n'ụwa niile), ya na obodo anọ - [[Onịchạ|Onitsha]], [[Aba, Nigeria|Aba]], [[Kaduna]], na [[Umuahia]] - nke kachasị emetọ n'ihi ihe ndị dị nro (PM10). Akụkọ WHO na-adịbeghị anya chọpụtara na ọnụọgụ PM2.5 nke Naịjirịa kwa afọ dị na 72 μg / m³, nke dị elu karịa ókè a tụrụ aro nke 10 μg / M³.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Phoebe|first=Parke|title=Dirty by success? Nigeria is home to cities with worst PM10 levels|url=https://www.cnn.com/2016/05/05/Africa/Nigeria-cities-pollution/index.html|publisher=CNN|date=2016}}</ref> Dabere na akụkọ data ahụike ụwa, mmetọ ikuku bụ isi ihe na-akpata ọnwụ na nkwarụ na Naịjirịa, na-enye aka na ọrịa iku ume na-adịghị ala ala, ọrịa obi, na ọrịa na-efe efe. Ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi, gụnyere mmetọ ikuku n'ime ụlọ na mmetọ ifufe gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọ na-akpata nnukwu ọrịa na ọnwụ na mba ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Hyellai|first=Pona|title=Environmental health situation in Nigeria: current status & future needs|journal=Heliyon|year=2021|volume=7|issue=3|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06330|pmid=33851039}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+Tebụl na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị nwụrụ n'ihi mmetọ ikuku na Naịjirịa (2019) maka afọ na nwoke na nwanyị niile <ref name="GBD compare/ viz hub">{{Cite web|author=IMHE|title=GBD compare/ viz hub|url=https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIMHE">IMHE. [https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/ "GBD compare/ viz hub"].</cite></ref> !Ọrịa/ọgba aghara !Mmetọ ikuku nke ọnwụ zuru oke na pasentị |- |Ọrịa obi Ischemic |4.37 |- |Ọrịa strok |3.98 |- |Ọrịa kansa akpa ume |0.39 |- |Ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke na-egbochi akpa ume |0.89 |- |} {| class="wikitable" |+Tebụl na-egosi ọnụ ọgụgụ nke DALYs sitere na mmetọ ikuku na Naịjirịa (2019) maka afọ na nwoke na nwanyị niile <ref name="GBD compare/ viz hub">{{Cite web|author=IMHE|title=GBD compare/ viz hub|url=https://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/}}</ref> !Ọrịa/ọgba aghara !Mmetọ ikuku nke ngụkọta DALYs na pasentị |- |Ọrịa obi Ischemic |1.3 |- |Ọrịa strok |1.47 |- |Ọrịa kansa akpa ume |0.13 |- |Ọrịa na-adịghị ala ala nke na-egbochi akpa ume |0.41 |- |} [[Faịlụ:Dafo_Yellow_Bus_coursing_Smoke_Pollution_in_Lagos_State._Nigeria.jpg|alt=An image of a yellow Danfo bus causing air pollution in Lagos State, Nigeria|thumb|Bọs Danfo na-acha odo odo na-akpata mmetọ ikuku na Lagos Steeti, Naịjirịa]] Naịjirịa bụ ebe ọtụtụ ụgbọala, gụnyere ụgbọala, ọgba tum tum, na ụgbọala ndị dị arọ dị ka bọs na gwongworo, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ochie ma ghara ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma n'ihe gbasara ike. Ụgbọala ndị a na-ewepụta anwụrụ ọkụ na-emerụ ahụ, gụnyere nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, na ndị ọzọ. A na-ewepụ ọtụtụ ihe mkpofu na mba ahụ, ma ụlọ ma ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, site na ọkụ, na-ewepụta anwụrụ ọkụ site na ihe ndị sitere na ihe ndị dị ndụ, ihe ndị aka mere dị ka plastik na rọba, na ihe ndị ize ndụ dị ka batrị na ihe mkpofu. Ọtụtụ ezinụlọ na-enyekwa aka na mmetọ ikuku site na iji stovu kerosene na-adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, nkụ, na icheku ọkụ maka isi nri, mgbe mgbe n'ime ụlọ na ikuku na-adịghị mma. Tụkwasị na nke a, ọtụtụ ọfịs na ebe obibi na-enye aka na mmetọ ikuku site na iji generators dị ka ihe nnọchi anya ọkụ eletrik ọha na eze a na-apụghị ịdabere na ya, na anwụrụ ọkụ na-apụta n'ebe ikuku na-adịghị mma. Ihe ndị ọzọ na-emetọ mmetọ gụnyere ikuku sitere na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-ewepụta anwụrụ ọkụ yiri nke ụgbọala, mana ọ na-eji diesel kama gasoline.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Fargorite|first=Victor|title=Air pollution, causes, effect & remediation in Nigeria|journal=International Journal of Advanced Academic Research|date=2021|volume=7|issue=1}}</ref> == Ihe mberede okporo ụzọ == Kwa afọ, mmadụ nde 1.25 na-anwụ n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ.[1] N'agbata nde mmadụ 20 rụọ nde 50 ọzọ na-enweta mmerụ ahụ na-adịghị eduga n'ọnwụ, mana ọtụtụ n'ime mmerụ ahụ ndị a na-ebute nkwarụ na-adịgide adịgide. Mmerụ ahụ na-esi n'okporo ụzọ pụta na-akpata nnukwu mfu akụnaụba ga-adịrị ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu, ezinụlọ ha, nakwa mba gasị, n'ihi ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ na mfu nke mmepụta ihe sitere n'aka ndị ahụ nwụrụ ma ọ bụ nwee nkwarụ, yana ndị ezinụlọ ha dọpụrụ aka n'ọrụ ma ọ bụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ iji lekọta ndị ahụ merụrụ ahụ. Ihe mberede okporo ụzọ na-eri ọtụtụ mba ihe ruru pasentị atọ (3%) nke ngụkọta akụnaụba ha (GDP). Mmerụ ahụ na-esi n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ pụta bụ isi ihe kacha ebute ọnwụ n'etiti ndị nọ n'agbata afọ 15 rụọ 29.[2] Ihe karịrị mmadụ 3,400 na-anwụ n'okporo ụzọ gasị n'ụwa niile kwa ụbọchị, ebe ọtụtụ iri nde mmadụ na-emerụ ahụ ma ọ bụ na-enweta nkwarụ kwa afọ. Ụmụ nwatakịrị, ndị ji ụkwụ aga, ndị na-agba igwe (cyclists), na ndị merie agadi nọ n'oké ihe ize ndụ karị. Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) na gọọmentị gasị nakwa ndị otu na-abụghị nke gọọmentị (NGOs) na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'ụwa dum iji gosi na ihe mberede okporo ụzọ bụ ihe pụrụ igbochi egbochi, nakwa iji kwalite usoro ndị na-eleba anya n'omume ndị kacha ebute ihe ize ndụ, gụnyere ịgba ọsọ gabigara oke, ịkwọ ụgbọala n'okpuru mmetụta mmanya na-aba n'anya, iji nchegbu isi (helmet) eme ihe mgbe a na-agba ọgba tum tum, iji eriri nchekwa (seat-belts), na oche nchekwa ụmụaka.[1] N'ihi otú ihe mberede okporo ụzọ siri gazi n'ụzọ dị ize ndụ na Naịjirịa, nke mere na n'afọ 2013, a hụrụ obodo ahụ dị ka otu n'ime mba gasị nwere ọnụọgụ ihe mberede okporo ụzọ kacha elu n'ụwa niile (nakwa mba kacha nwee ya n'Afrịka),[1][2] gọọmentị Naịjirịa guzobere Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nchekwa Okporo Ụzọ (FRSC) n'afọ 1988 iji gbochie ma kwụsị ogbugbu na mbibi a na-enwe n'okporo ụzọ ukwu gasị. === Ogo na Atụmatụ Ọganihu nke Ihe Mberede Okporo Ụzọ === Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nchekwa Okporo Ụzọ (FRSC) kọrọ na mmadụ 456 nwụrụ gazi, ebe mmadụ 3,404 ọzọ merụrụ ahụ n'ime ihe mberede okporo ụzọ 826 e dekọrọ n'obodo ahụ dum n'ọnwa Jenụwarị afọ 2018.[1] Ọkaikpe Nchịkwa otu FRSC (Corps Marshal), Boboye Oyeyemi, bụ onye bịanyere aka n'akwụkwọ akụkọ FRSC nke ọnwa Jenụwarị === Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mmepe na-adịgide adịgide nke UN === N'ọnwa Septemba afọ 2015, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu (UN General Assembly) nabatara Atụmatụ 2030 maka Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide, nke gụnyere Ebumnuche Maka Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide (SDGs) iri na asa (17). Site n'ịgbaso ụkpụrụ ahụ bụ "ịhapụghị onye ọ bụla n'azụ," atụmatụ a na-emesi ike ụzọ nlekọta zuru oke (holistic approach) iji rụpụta ọganihu na-adịgide adịgide maka mmadụ niile.[1] Atụmatụ 3.6 dị n'okpuru Ebumnuche 3 nke Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide na-eleba anya kpọmkwem na gbasara ihe mberede okporo ụzọ. Ọ na-asị, "Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2020, belata ọnụọgụ ọnwụ na mmerụ ahụ n'ụwa niile na-esi n'ihe mberede okporo ụzọ pụta okpukpu abụọ (halve it). Gọọmentị Etiti nke Naịjirịa emebela usoro na atụmatụ gasị dị iche iche iji hụ na a rụpụtara Ebumnuche Maka Ọganihu Na-adịgide Adịgide (SDGs) n'obodo ahụ.[1] N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, Naịjirịa ka nọ ebe dị anya n'irute ebumnuche a. == Ọgwụ ọdịnala / Ọgwụ ọzọ == [[Faịlụ:A_tray_of_local_herbal_products_and_concoctions.jpg|alt=A tray containing local herbal medicine products and concoctions|thumb|Otu tileyi (tray) jupụtara na ngwa ọgwụ ọdịnala na agwọ Ọgwụ dị iche iche]] Akụkọ gasị pụtara n'oge na-adịbeghị anya egosipụtala ihe ize ndụ dị iche iche metụtara ụdị ọgwụ ọdịnala na ọgwụ ndị ọzọ a na-eme ná ndochi (alternative medicine). Ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụgwọ ndị a nwere uru ha na-erubere ahụ, ọtụtụ ndị na-azụ ma na-eji ha eme ihe enweghị ozi zuru oke gbasara otu esi eji ha eme ihe n'ụzọ dị mma, nke a na-edugazi ná mmerụ ahụ pụrụ ime.[1] Ọ bụ ezie na ọgwụ ọdịnala na-atụnye ụtụ dị ukwuu n'ahụike na n'akụnaụba, ire ha n'enweghị nchịkwa doro anya nakwa iji ha eme ihe n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, gụnyere akwụkwọ nri na ogwu mkpọrọgwụ (herbs), ebutela mmerụ ahụ na igbu oge n'ịga chọọ nlekọta ahụike n'aka ndị dọkịta ruru eru.[2] == Mgbanwe ihu igwe == Ebe ọ bụ na ọ nwere ọnụọgụ ndị bi na ya ruru ihe dị ka nde 200,[1] Naịjirịa bụ mba kacha nwee nnukwu mmadụ n'Afrịka. Dị ka mba kacha zipụ mmanụ rị rị n'ofe Afrịka, Naịjirịa na-eche ihe isi ike ihu n'ịtụnyere mkpa ike (energy) nke mba ụwa na nkwụsi ike nke akụnaụba obodo ahụ, ebe ọ na-elebakwa anya na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na mgbanwe ihu igwe (climate change). Mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na Naịjirịa nwere ike ịgụnye okpomọkụ na-arịwanye elu, ntiwapụ nke oke ihu igwe dị ize ndụ ugboro ugboro na n'ogo dị elu, nakwa ịrị elu nke oge osimiri.[2] Mgbanwe ndị a nwere ike iduga n'ịba ụba nke enweghị nri na mmiri doro anya, mmetụta siri ike nke oke okpomọkụ na ụzarị ọkụ anyanwụ (ultraviolet radiation), mgbanwe n'otú ọrịa si agbasa, na mmetụta dị ize ndụ n'ebe obodo ndị dị n'akụkụ osimiri nọ, bụ ndị iju mmiri na-emesi ike.[2] N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, usoro mgbochi na nhazi zuru oke nwere ike inyere aka chebe ndị mmadụ ma weta ohere maka ahụike ka mma n'agbanyeghị ihe isi ike ndị mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eweta. Ihe ize ndụ kacha siri ike n'ahụike na-esi n'ọrịa ndị pụrụ iduga n'ọnwụ pụta. Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi (climate change) nwere ike imekwa ka ọrịa ndị dịbu adị ka njọ ma tinye aka na ntiwapụ nke ndị nke ọhụrụ, dị ka ọbara mgbali elu (high blood pressure), mgbaka ma ọ bụ isi mgbaka (psychosis), nchegbu uche gabigara oke (neurosis), na nkwarụ a mụrụ nwa na ya (congenital malformations).[1] Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi na-agbakwunyere ndị mmadụ ogbenye rịrị n'ọnọdụ ha ihe isi ike. [[Faịlụ:Health_effects_of_pollution.png|áká_èkpè|thumb|454x454px|Mmetụta ahụike nke mmetọ]] Iju mmiri, nke oke osimiri na-arịwanye elu na akụrụngwa na-adịghị mma na-akpata, ọkachasị usoro ọwa mmiri (drainage) a na-ahaziri n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma, na-eweta nnukwu ihe ize ndụ n'ahụike. Ndịda Naịjirịa, ọkachasị Lagos—nke dị naanị otu mita n'elu ogo osimiri—nọ n'oké ihe ize ndụ maka iju mmiri, ebe obodo ahụ na-eche nchegbu maka mbibi ma ọ bụ mfu kpamkpam ihu.[1] Mmetụta ahụike nke iju mmiri na-eweta gụnyere ọrịa ndị na-esi na mmiri na-efe efe dị ka taịfọdụ (typhoid), kọlera (cholera), oyi nymonia (pneumonia), ọnyụnyụ (diarrhea), na ịba (malaria), bụ ndị meburịrị agbata n'anụ ahụ na ndụ ndị mmadụ na Naịjirịa. {| class="wikitable" |+Pasentị nke Ọnwụ na DALYs nke ọrịa ndị a na-ahụkarị nke idei mmiri nwere ike ime ka ọ ka njọ | |Pasentị nke ngụkọta ndị nwụrụ anwụ |Pasentị nke DALYs |- |Ịba |12% |11.16% |- |Ọrịa oyi na-efe efe |0.22% |0.24% |- |Ọrịa afọ ọsịsa |11.36% |11.86% |- | colspan="3" |Ebe e si nweta ya: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME 2019) |} Òtù Ahụike Ụwa (WHO) achọpụtara ọrịa gasị dị ka Schistosomiasis (ọrịa ewi/mmerụ ahụ na-esi na mmiri), African trypanosomiasis (ọrịa ụra), ịba (malaria), lymphatic filariasis (atụrụ/ụkwụ mbu), onchocerciasis (ìsì osimiri), na leishmaniasis dị ka nnukwu ọrịa ndị na-asọ oge n'mpaghara okpomọkụ (tropical diseases).[1] Ọrịa ndị a nwere nnukwu mmetụta n'ahụike ọha na ibe ya nakwa n'akụnaụba. Dị ka onye bụbu Onye Isi Nchịkwa WHO, Hiroshi Nakajima kwuru, ọrịa ndị a na-egbochi ọganihu nke gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eme ka ala na-emepụta ihe ghara ịbụ ebe obibi, na-emebi uto nke uche na nke ahụ, ma na-ebute nnukwu ụgwọ ọgwụgwọ.[2] Okpomọkụ na-arịwanye elu na-emekwa ka mgbasa nke ọrịa dị iche iche siri ike, dị ka emume akpụkpọ ụbụrụ (meningitis), amụma ọbara (measles), kịtịkpa (chicken pox), ọbara mgbali elu (high blood pressure), na enweghị mmiri n'ahụ n'oge ime ime. A tụrụ anya na ọnụọgụ ndị bi ná mba ndị na-emepe emepe ga-eto site na ijeri 2.3 n'afọ 2005 rụọ ijeri 4 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2030,[1] nke a ga-eduga n'ịba ụba nke anwuru carbon na-emebi ikuku nakwa na-eme ka nsogbu obodo mepere emepe ka njọ, gụnyere ụlọ obibi na-adịghị mma. Mgbanwe ndị a na-eme ka ohere maka oke okpomọkụ dị ize ndụ (heatwaves) rịgoro elu n'obodo ukwu gasị. Ọzọkwa, okpomọkụ dị elu na-emetụta mgbasa nke ọrịa ndị na-ebute site n'ịkwalite uto nke pathogens na mmụba nke ọnụ ọgụgụ anwụnta, nke, n'aka nke ya, na-eme ka o kwe omume ibufe ọrịa.<ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1111/j.1539-6924.2005.00688.x|title=Climate Change and Human Health: Estimating Avoidable Deaths and Disease|year=2005|author=Kovats|first=R. Sari|journal=Risk Analysis|volume=25|issue=6|pages=1409–1418|pmid=16506971}}</ref> Nje ndị na-egbu egbu, dịka ọmụmaatụ, na-emetụta okpomọkụ nke ukwuu, nke na-eme ka usoro ọmụmụ nke anwụnta na nje na-egbu oge. * '''Ọ bụ ezie na Naịjirịa achọpụtala mmetụta ahụike nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nwere ike iweta, ọ ka nwere oghere na nhazi na mmejuputa usoro nbelata ya.''' (Although Nigeria has acknowledged the potential health impacts of climate change, there remain gaps in planning and implementing mitigation strategies.) * '''Akwụkwọ nyocha nke WHO gbasara "Climate and Health Country Profile" maka Naịjirịa (2015) rụtụrụ aka n'ọganihu ụfọdụ, dịka nhọpụta nke onye isi na-ahụ maka mgbanwe ihu igwe na mba ahụ nakwa imepụta usoro mgbanwe ahụike nke mba.''' (The WHO's Climate and Health Country Profile for Nigeria (2015) highlights successes, such as the identification of a national focal point for climate change and the development of a national health adaptation strategy.) * '''Otú ọ dị, ọ dịghị mbọ pụtara ìhè agbagoro iji mee ka ikike ụlọ ọrụ na nke teknụzụ siri ike, ma ọ bụ imezu ihe omume ndị ezubere iji bulie nchekwa akụrụngwa ahụike.''' (However, there have been no significant efforts to strengthen institutional and technical capacities or to implement activities aimed at increasing health infrastructure resilience.) * '''Tụkwasị na nke a, ọ dịghị ego ọ bụla e wepụtara (ma ọ bụ nke si n'ime obodo ma ọ bụ nke mba ụwa) iji kwado omume ndị ga-eme ka ahụike nwee nchekwa pụọ na mgbanwe ihu igwe.''' (Additionally, there have been no financial commitments (either domestic or international) to fund actions that would improve health resilience to climate change.) * '''Ohere ndị a na-enye ohere maka ime ihe dị mma.''' (These gaps present opportunities for effective action.) * '''Nzukọ WHO na-atụ aro ka e mee nyocha zuru ezu banyere mmetụta na usoro mgbanwe (vulnerability and adaptation assessment) nke ga-agụnye ndị niile dị mkpa nakwa atụmatụ ego e ji emejuputa usoro nchekwa ahụike.''' (The WHO suggests conducting a comprehensive vulnerability and adaptation assessment that includes relevant stakeholders and an estimation of the costs to implement health resilience strategies,) * '''Usoro ndị a kwesịrị ịgụnye akụrụngwa obodo, yana ikike nke ụlọ ọrụ na nke teknụzụ.''' (which should cover infrastructure, as well as institutional and technical capacities.) * '''Ọzọkwa, e kwesịrị ibute ụzọ n'omume ndị na-eme ka ngalaba ahụike bụrụ nke na-adịghị emebi gburugburu ebe obibi ("green"), dịka ịkwalite ike siri n'ihe ndị sitere n'okike (renewable energy).''' (Furthermore, actions to "green" the health sector, such as promoting renewable energy, should be prioritized,) * '''E kwesịrị inyocha uru dị iche iche usoro nbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe na-eweta n'ahụike.''' (and the co-benefits to health of climate mitigation policies should be evaluated.) * '''Nke a ga-enyere aka na nlekọta ọganihu maka oge n'ọdịnihu nke ga-esi ike ma nwee nchekwa.''' (This will help monitor progress toward a more resilient future.) == Hụkwa == ** '''Ọrịa obi na akwara na Naịjirịa''' ** '''Nlekọta ahụike na Naịjirịa''' ** '''Ministri Ahụike Federal''' ** '''Ịṅụ sịga na Naịjirịa''' ** '''Ntinye ọrụ aka maka ndị ọkachamara ahụike na Naịjirịa''' [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hv0ferqbkcjdfs8ap96xh7ostwle42s 0 29060 688366 123241 2026-07-17T20:41:35Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} The David Suzuki Foundation bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enweghị uru nke sayensị nke nwere isi na Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, nwere ọfịs na Montreal na Toronto. E guzobere ya dị ka ụlọ ọrụ ebere nke gọọmentị etiti debanyere aha na Canada na Jenụwarị 1, 1991. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, o nwere ndị nyere onyinye 40,000. Ọrụ ya bụ ichebe ihe okike ka ọ na-eguzogide mkpa mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Us|url=http://www.davidsuzuki.org/about/|work=DavidSuzuki.org|publisher=David Suzuki Foundation|accessdate=February 12, 2012}}</ref> A na-akwado ya kpamkpam site na onyinye Foundation na onyinye ma site na 2012, 90% nke ndị nyere ya bụ ndị Canada. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 2007, Ntọala ahụ were ihe dị ka ndị ọrụ iri asaa na ise n'ọrụ.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=David Suzuki Foundation|title=Foundation Team|url=http://www.davidsuzuki.org/About_us/Foundation_Team.asp|accessdate=2007-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071013131139/http://www.davidsuzuki.org/About_us/Foundation_Team.asp|archivedate=2007-10-13}}</ref> == Nchịkọta == N'afọ 1989, ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi Canada gosipụtara usoro redio nke David Suzuki CC OBC FRSC, nke akpọrọ It's a Matter of Survival nke e bipụtara n'akwụkwọ e dere n'afọ 1990 n'otu aha ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00114047|doi=10.1007/BF00114047|title=Book reviews|journal=Biodiversity and Conservation|year=1993|volume=2|issue=4|pages=465–472}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/GORITS.html|title=It's a Matter of Survival|accessdate=2008-12-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080408165129/http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/GORITS.html|archivedate=2008-04-08}}</ref><ref name="Gordon_Suzuki_1990">{{Cite book|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0-674-46970-9|author=Gordon|first=Anita|title=It's a matter of survival|location=Cambridge, Mass|date=1991}}</ref> N'ime usoro na akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ kọwara otú "nkwekọrịta sayensị mbụ zuru ụwa ọnụ" na ụwa "na-abanye n'oge mgbanwe ihu igwe a na-ahụtụbeghị mbụ" pụtara na June 1988 International Toronto Conference on the Changing Atmosphere nke Stephen Lewis bụ onye isi oche ya, yana ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị 300 si gburugburu ụwa bịara.: 210 E guzobere ntọala ahụ na nzaghachi maka [[Nzukọ Toronto na Mgbanwe Ọnọdụ Ihu igwe|nzukọ]] 1989 nke David Suzuki CC OBC FRSC na [[Tara Elizabeth Cullis|Tara Cullis]] haziri na ihe dị ka ndị ọbịa iri na abụọ a kpọrọ chọrọ ịrụ ọrụ iji gbanwee mgbanwe ihu igwe ụwa.<ref name="Gordon_Suzuki_1990" /> E hiwere Ntọala ahụ na Septemba 14, 1990. Suzuki si na Board of Directors nke Foundation pụta n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2012 - nwunye ya, Tara Cullis, na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke Board. Dị ka webụsaịtị Foundation si kwuo, ebumnuche ya bụ nyocha, ịkparịta ụka na ịkwado ọrụ na-edozi "mkpa mmadụ" na ikike ụwa iji "na-edobe ndụ niile".  Mgbe ọ na-eche banyere ndị Canada na ndị Canada, ọ na-elekwasị anya na mpaghara anọ-Ontario na Northern Region, Quebec/Francophone, BC  na Western Region.  Akụkụ bụ isi nke nchegbu gụnyere nchebe nke ihu igwe, mgbanwe nke akụ na ụba, na-agba ume njikọghachi na okike, na iwu obodo. Ntọala ahụ na-ebipụta ozi metụtara ọrụ nkwado ha site na akwụkwọ akụkọ, ọmụmụ sayensị, akụkọ nyocha, akwụkwọ, ngwa ozi, broshuọ, na mwepụta akụkọ.  Ụfọdụ n'ime nnukwu ọrụ ha gụnyere Trottier Energy Futures Project, Healthy Ocean na Sustainable Seafood nke nyere ọkwa nke nhọrọ nri mmiri nke e bipụtara na SeaChoice.org, The Saint Lawrence: Osimiri Living Anyị, Ntụle Isi Obodo, Nchekwa Ebe obibi na Anụmanụ dị ize ndụ, Njikọ.  Ndị ntorobịa nwere ọdịdị, na ndụ ndụ ndụ (nke bụbu "Queen of Green"). === Nkwado === E guzobere Ntọala ahụ na Jenụwarị 1, 1991, dị ka ọrụ ebere edebanyere aha na Canada ma na-akwado ya kpamkpam site na enyemaka na onyinye Foundation. Ọ naghị anabata ego gọọmentị ọ bụla, ma e wezụga site na National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.<ref>{{Cite web|publisher=David Suzuki Foundation|title=Frequently Asked Questions|url=http://www.davidsuzuki.org/About_us/FAQs.asp#found06|accessdate=2007-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071002204723/http://www.davidsuzuki.org/About_us/FAQs.asp#found06|archivedate=2007-10-02}}</ref> Ọ bụghịkwa ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ego maka òtù ndị ọzọ. Ozi ego na ndị na-enye onyinye niile dị n'ihu ọha na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha na site na mbipụta nke akụkọ ha kwa afọ. Na akụkọ ha nke afọ 2006 ha kwuru na ihe dị ka 75% nke ndị na-akwado ha 40,000, nyere ihe na-erughị $ 500.<ref name="Annual-06">{{Cite web|url=http://www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/annual-reports/2006/2006-annual-report/|title=David Suzuki Foundation Annual Report 05/06|accessdate=2012-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203190314/http://www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/annual-reports/2006/2006-annual-report/|archivedate=2012-02-03}}</ref> Na FY 2012, ha kọrọ na 59% nke ego ha sitere n'aka ndị na-enye onyinye. Ntọala na azụmaahịa nyere 25% na 13% ọzọ na ihe karịrị 95% nke ndị nyere onyinye bụ ndị Canada. Dabere na akụkọ afọ ha nke 2005-2006, e nwere ndị nyere onyinye 40,000 na Suzuki Foundation gụnyere ụlọ ọrụ 52 - Bell Canada, Toyota, IBM, McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Scotia Capital, Warner Bros., Canon na Bank of Montreal.<ref name="Annual-06"/><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141108204017/http://www.meigheninstitute.org/index.php/argument-and-opinion/196-global-warming-charlatan "Global Warming Charlatan"]</ref> Mgbe Ntọala ahụ mezuru ụkpụrụ nnabata onyinye ya, ọ naghịzi anabata onyinye sitere n'aka ndị na-enye onyinye ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ ala dị ka ọ dị n'oge gara aga.<ref>[http://www.davidsuzuki.org/about/faq/#what-is-the-foundations-gift-acceptance-policy Ethical Gift Acceptance policy]</ref> Tupu Iwu Nnakwere Onyinye Omume, Ntọala ahụ natara ego site na EnCana Corporation, onye ndu ụwa na mmepụta gas na mmepe ájá mmanụ, na ATCO Gas, onye isi na-ekesa gas sitere na Alberta, na OPG nke bụ otu n'ime ndị na-eweta ọkụ eletrik kachasị n'ụwa na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ise na-emepụta mmanụ ala na ụlọ ọrụ nuklia atọ. Ọ bụkwa mmekọrịta nke Taylor Mitchell Legacy Trust, nke a malitere mgbe Taylor Mitchell nwụsịrị site na mwakpo coyote na 2009. == Ihe omume == === Nutreco Aquaculture === Ntọala David Suzuki mere mkpọsa "ugbo na ihe dị ize ndụ" banyere nchegbu gburugburu ebe obibi metụtara ụlọ ọrụ azụ, na-elekwasị anya na Nutreco Aquaculture, onye na-emepụta salmon kachasị n'ụwa.<ref name="TheNarwhal_KrauseProfile">{{Cite news|work=The Narwhal|accessdate=November 16, 2020|url=https://thenarwhal.ca/topics/vivian-krause/|title=Profile of Vivian Krause}}</ref> Vivian Krause, onye Nutreco Aquaculture were n'ọrụ na 2002 dị ka onye njikwa mmepe ụlọ ọrụ ha na North America, ji ịnụ ọkụ n'obi chụsoo mkpọsa mmekọrịta ọha na eze iji gbochie nkatọ a na-akatọ Nutreco, nke David Suzuki Foundation na ndị ọzọ na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi welitere.<ref name="TheNarwhal_KrauseProfile" /> Krause nwetara ozi ịntanetị ọha na eze metụtara ego ụtụ isi iji mepụta akwụkwọ mpịakọta na aha ndị na-enye onyinye na-akwado òtù gburugburu ebe obibi na Canada, na ibipụta nchọpụta ya na blọọgụ ya Fair Questions. Nke a gụnyere ozi na David Suzuki Foundation, natara $ 44 nde site na onyinye ụtụ isi n'etiti afọ 2000 na 2010.<ref name="FairQuestions_Krause">{{Cite web|url=http://fairquestions.typepad.com/rethink_campaigns/28-usa-grants-to-dsf-for-more-than-100-thousand.html|title=$13 Million Paid to the David Suzuki's Foundation from U.S. Sources|work=fairquestions.typepad.com|first=Vivian|author=Krause|accessdate=2023-08-16|archivedate=2023-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816201324/https://fairquestions.typepad.com/rethink_campaigns/28-usa-grants-to-dsf-for-more-than-100-thousand.html}}</ref> February 2004, Suzuki zutere Prime Minister nke Canada, Paul Martin, iji gosi akụkọ Foundation banyere otu a ga-esi nweta nkwado n'ime ọgbọ." Canada vs the OECD: An Environmental Comparison ", akụkọ 2001 nke Mahadum Victoria Eco bipụtara.  -Research Chair of Environmental Law and Policy Staff na David R. Boyd dere, onye ọka iwu gburugburu ebe obibi na onye na-akwado akwụkwọ na-abịanụ David Suzuki's Guide to Helping the Planet, nyochara ihe ngosi 25 gburugburu ebe obibi, debere Canada 28th n'ime mba 29 OECD..<ref>[https://www.amazon.com/dp/1553652932 ''David Suzuki's Guide to Helping the Planet'' at Amazon.com]</ref> Ntọala na Boyd mepụtara akụkọ dị iche, "Nkwado n'ime Ọgbọ", nke na-ekwu maka ikike Canada nwere imeziwanye nkwado na nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi. Ntọala ahụ kwenyere na nke a nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma site n'imeziwanye arụmọrụ, iwepụ ihe mkpofu na [[mmetọ]], na iwu obodo ndị na-adịgide adịgide. Ihe ịma aka okike nke afọ 2000, bụ nke e hibere na nyocha ya na Union of Concerned Scientists gbara ndị Canada ume ka ha belata ojiji ike ụlọ, na-eji ngwa na ụgbọ ala na-arụ ọrụ ike, na-anya ụgbọ ala nkeonwe obere site n'iji ụgbọ njem ọha, ịnya igwe ma ọ bụ ije ije na site na ibi nso n'ebe ọrụ.  ma ọ bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ, ịzụrụ nri ndị obodo, rie nri ndị anaghị eri anụ, zere iji ọgwụ nje eme ihe.  N'ihe dị na Nọvemba 2007, ihe karịrị mmadụ 500 000 ewerela ihe ịma aka okike nke David Suzuki.  Ọtụtụ ndị Canada a ma ama ewerela ihe ịma aka ọdịdị nke David Suzuki, gụnyere Nelly Furtado, Sam Roberts, Margaret Atwood, Robert Munsch, Larry Campbell, na David Miller. === ''La Rose et al. v. Eze Nwanyị'' === N'abalị iri abụọ na ise n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2019, ụlọ ọrụ David Suzuki Foundation tinyere ụlọ ọrụ Our Children's Trust na ndị ntorobịa iri na ise gụnyere Cecilia La Rose, Sierra Robinson na Sáj Gray-Starcevich, gbara gọọmentị etiti akwụkwọ megide gọọmentị Canada na-azọrọ na gọọmentị mebiri Charter of Rights and Freedoms nke ndị ntorobịa.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Suzuki|first=David|url=https://davidsuzuki.org/press/15-canadian-youth-launch-canadas-first-federal-youth-climate-lawsuit-to-protect-their-charter-and-public-trust-rights/|title=15 Canadian youth launch Canada's first federal youth climate lawsuit to protect their charter and public trust rights|work=The David Suzuki Foundation}}</ref> Ikpe ahụ na-arịọ Gọọmentị Canada ka ha malite ozugbo ibelata gas na-emepụta ihe na Canada iji belata mmetụta nke mgbanwe ihu igwe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Canada Says No Legal Remedy to Climate Harm in Defence to Youth Lawsuit|url=https://www.pacificcell.ca/canada-defence-climate-lawsuit/|date=2020-02-14|work=CELL|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-08}}</ref> == Nkatọ == === Nri a gbanwere site na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa === Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 2010, e nwere nkwekọrịta sayensị<ref name="Nicolia2013">{{Cite journal|url=https://www.pps.net/cms/lib/OR01913224/Centricity/Domain/3337/peer%20reviewed%20meta%20study%20on%20GMOs%20copy.pdf|title=An overview of the last 10 years of genetically engineered crop safety research|first=Alessandro|author=Nicolia|journal=Critical Reviews in Biotechnology|volume=34|issue=1|date=2013|pages=77–88|doi=10.3109/07388551.2013.823595|pmid=24041244}}</ref><ref name="FAO">{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/Y5160E/y5160e10.htm#P3_1651The|title=State of Food and Agriculture 2003–2004. Agricultural Biotechnology: Meeting the Needs of the Poor. Health and environmental impacts of transgenic crops|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=August 30, 2019}}</ref> WHO mere ka o doo anya na nri GM ọ bụla ọhụrụ e webatara kwesịrị ịnwale ya n'otu n'otu.<ref name="WHOFAQ">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/food-technology/faq-genetically-modified-food/en/|title=FAQ Genetically Modified Food}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Foundation nke afọ 2012 ka nwere ibe akpọrọ "Understanding GMO" nke kwuru na n'oge ahụ, "nchebe nke nri GMO" "enwetabeghị" na nke ahụ na nyocha na-eto eto" jikọtara "nri ndị a na nchegbu ahụike".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/queen-of-green/faqs/food/understanding-gmo/|title=Understanding GMO|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223174829/http://www.davidsuzuki.org/what-you-can-do/queen-of-green/faqs/food/understanding-gmo/|archivedate=2012-12-23}}</ref> A naghịzi akwado ibe a na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ ha. == Ọnọdụ ụtụ isi na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == Kemgbe ọ dịkarịa ala afọ 2007, enwere nchegbu banyere ihe ole - ma ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọ bụla - ndị ọrụ ebere nwere ike ime.<ref name="calsun_Corbella_20070228">{{Cite news|first=Licia|author=Corbella|date=February 28, 2007|url=http://calsun.canoe.ca/News/Columnists/Corbella_Licia/2007/02/28/3675840.html|title=This is a Charity?|work=The Calgary Sun|accessdate=November 16, 2020}}</ref><ref name="treehugger" /> Onye na-ede akwụkwọ akụkọ Licia Corbella, onye bụbu nke The Calgary Sun bụ onye nkatọ ogologo oge nke David Suzuki Foundation ma mara ya maka ịgọnahụ ịdị adị nke mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mmadụ kpatara.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.desmogblog.com/directory/vocabulary/590|title=DeSmog}}</ref> N'ide banyere nzukọ Suzuki na ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị Calgary, ọ na-ekwu na okwu ahụ "na-agba ndị na-ege ntị ume ka ha ghara ịtụ vootu Conservative. Nke ahụ na-eme ka ozi ya bụrụ nke na-akwado ma kwesịkwa ịhapụ David Suzuki Foundation ịnata ọnọdụ a na-ewepụ ụtụ isi. "<ref name="calsun_Corbella_20070228" /> N'afọ 2007, Suzuki mere ka ọdịiche dị n'etiti ihe ọ na-ekwu dị ka onye na ihe ntọala ahụ kwuru. E bipụtara echiche nke onwe ya, gụnyere nkwupụta na atụmatụ Ottawa iji lụso okpomọkụ ụwa ọgụ bụ "ihe ihere mba" na iwu ike gọọmentị etiti bụ "ọ bụghị atụmatụ" kama ọ bụ "ihe Ihere".<ref name="treehugger">Lloyd Alter (June 6, 2007). [https://web.archive.org/web/20110911203034/http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/06/revenooers_chas.php "Revenooers Chasing David Suzuki."] treehugger.com. Retrieved on: October 6, 2007.</ref> Dị ka edemede 2007 na Treehugger si kwuo, na iwu Canada, a na-ekwe ka ndị ọrụ ebere kwuo okwu banyere ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, "Ndị ọrụ ebere nwere ohere dị ukwuu ikwu okwu banyere ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị, ọ ''bụ''rụhaala na ha anaghị akwado òtù ma ọ bụ ndị na-azọ ọkwa ma nwee ike itinye ihe ruru pasent 10 nke akụ ha maka ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na-abụghị nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị".<ref name="treehugger" /> Òtù ọrụ ebere nwere ike itinye ego "iji metụta iwu, iwu, na echiche ọha na eze n'ihe ndị metụtara ebumnuche ọrụ ebere ya".<ref name="treehugger" /> Nke a na-agụnye izute ndị ọrụ a họpụtara ahọpụta, na-enwe "nkwurịta okwu, ogbako, nkuzi na nzukọ", na-eme ka "mgbasa ozi-ede banyere okwu".<ref name="treehugger" /> N'afọ 2012, mgbe Praịm Minista Stephen Harper na-etinye aka na "mgbukpọ megide ndị na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi na ndị ọrụ ebere". mmefu ego gọọmentị etiti nke afọ 2012 wepụtara nde $ 8 na Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) iji nyochaa ọrụ ebere ahọpụtara - gụnyere ìgwè gburugburu ebe obibi asaa ka a lekwasịrị anya n'oge na-adịghị anya.<ref name="nationalobserver_Prystupa_20150421">{{Cite news|author=Prystupa|first=Mychaylo|title=Redacted diary reveals oil's hidden route to Harper|work=National Observer|accessdate=October 24, 2020|date=April 21, 2015|url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2015/04/21/news/redacted-diary-reveals-oils-hidden-route-harper}}</ref><ref name="nationalobserver_Livesey_20150518">{{Cite news|author=Livesey|first=Bruce|title=Is Harper the worst prime minister in history?|work=National Observer|accessdate=2020-11-16|date=May 18, 2015|url=https://www.nationalobserver.com/2015/05/18/news/harper-worst-prime-minister-history}}</ref> Mmefu ego CRA maka nyocha ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ndị a mechara mụbaa ruo nde $ 13 kwa afọ nke nyere CRA ohere nyochaa ndị na-alụso ịda ogbenye ọgụ, enyemaka mba ọzọ na ndị ọrụ ebere, dị ka Amnesty International, Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives, na United Church of Canada.<ref name="nationalobserver_Livesey_20150518" /> Nnyocha nke Canadian Press kọrọ na ''Maclean's'' na 2014, kwuru na ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime nyocha ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị iri nke 2012-2013 "na-eduzi na ọrụ ebere n'otu ụdị dị warara - òtù gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị niile na-emegide" iwu ike nke Harper. " nke gụnyere David Suzuki Foundation.<ref name="macleans_Beeby_20140803">{{Cite news|author=Beeby|first=Dean|title=Canada Revenue Agency accused of 'political' targeting of charities|work=Canadian Press via Maclean's|accessdate=November 16, 2020|date=August 3, 2014|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/canada-revenue-agencys-political-targeting-of-charities-under-scrutiny/}}</ref><ref name="macleans_Beeby_20140803" /> N'afọ 2015, nyocha nke onye nta akụkọ ahụ, Mike De Souza, nke e bipụtara na ''Narwhal'', gosipụtara na onye omeiwu nwere mmasị dị ukwuu na nyocha Krause gbasara ndị otu gburugburu ebe obibi, "rụ ọrụ iji kwalite àgwà Krause n'ihu ọha, na-eme ka ọ mata ndị isi na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ike nke Canada". == Hụkwa == * Ego Ngwọta nke esemokwu gburugburu ebe obibi * Ndepụta nke ntọala na Canada * Iwu Gburugburu Ebe Obibi nke West Coast == Edensibia == {{Reflist|30em}} == Njikọ mpụga == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100803174144/http://www.davidsuzuki.org/publications/reports/2004/sustainability-within-a-generation/ Nkwado n'ime Ọgbọ (akụkọ)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080306183758/http://video.msn.com/video.aspx?mkt=en-CA&brand=sympatico&vid=cdd27d6e-d7d4-4e65-aa89-70fbcb67f493 Akụkụ vidiyo sitere na 'Connected Life'] [[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]] m0zg6c9og3m6zk4v56yplbshj2mzh8r 0 33768 688415 645408 2026-07-18T11:27:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Emma Dench''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1963) bụ onye England na-Ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie, onye edemede, na onye nchịkwa agụmakwụkwọ. Ọ bụ McLean Prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie na nke oge a na Mahadum Harvard kemgbe afọ 2014, na Dean nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Graduate School of Arts and Sciences kemgbe afọ 2018. Ọnọdụ ya gara aga gụnyere Prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie na Birkbeck College, Mahadum London na Prọfesor nke Classics na nke akụkọ ihe ochie na Harvard. == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == <ref name="Scholars at Harvard"/> mụrụ Dench na 1963 na York, Yorkshire, England, ma too nso Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. Nna ya bụ Jeffery Dench, onye na-eme ihe nkiri [[William Shakespeare|Shakespearean]], nne ya, Betty, bụ onye na-agwọ okwu. Nwanne nne <ref name="Harvard Magazine">{{Cite news|title=Emma Dench|url=http://harvardmagazine.com/2010/03/emma-dench|accessdate=27 December 2015|work=Harvard Magazine|date=March 2010}}</ref> bụ Judi Dench, onye na-eme ihe nkiri na-enweta ihe nrite. <ref>{{IMDb title|title=A Midsummer Night's Dream}}</ref> pụtara <ref name="Harvard Magazine" /> Ihe nkiri 1968 nke A Midsummer Night's Dream dị ka Peaseblossom n'akụkụ nwanne nne ya, onye mere Titania. Dench gụrụ akwụkwọ ọdịnala na Wadham College, Oxford: <ref name="Scholars at Harvard"/> ọ nwetara nke mbụ na Honour Moderations na 1984, ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Oxford na okpukpu abụọ nke mbụ Bachelor of Arts (BA) na 1987. <ref name="CV"/> <ref name="CV" /> ka omenala si dị, e buliri BA ya elu ruo nzere Master of Arts (MA (Oxon)) na 1989. [1] Mgbe ahụ, ọ malitere Nnyocha postgraduate na Akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie na St Hugh's College, Oxford . <ref name="Scholars at Harvard" /> <ref name="CV" /> nwere Craven Fellowship na Oxford site na 1989 ruo 1991, ọ bụkwa Rome Scholar na British School na Rome site na 1991 ruo 1992. [1] Ọ gụsịrị nzere Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) na 1993; <ref name="Scholars at Harvard" /> akpọrọ akwụkwọ edemede ya Peoples of the central Appennines in Roman ideology to c.80 BC. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dench|first=Emma|title=Peoples of the central Appennines in Roman ideology to c.80 B.C.|url=http://solo.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/OXVU1:oxfaleph010954925|work=Search Oxford Libraries Online|publisher=Bodleian Libraries|accessdate=27 December 2015|date=1993}}</ref> == Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ == Dench malitere ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ ya na naanị akara ugo mmụta. <ref name="CV"/> <ref name="Harvard Magazine"/> 1987 ruo 1988, n'etiti ngụsị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ ya na ịmalite nzere doctorate ya, ọ kụziri oge ochie na Hobart na William Smith Colleges na New York, United States. <ref name="Harvard Magazine"/>'afọ 1992, Dench sonyeere ngalaba nke Birkbeck College, Mahadum London. <ref name="CV"/> bụ onye nkuzi na Akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie n'etiti afọ 1992 na 1998, mgbe ahụ, ebe a kwalitere ya, ọ bụ Onye nkuzi dị elu n'etiti 1998 na 2004. [1] <ref name="Scholars at Harvard"/>'afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2002/2003, ọ bụ onye otu School of Historical Studies na Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey . [1] <ref name="CV" /> họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye na-agụ akwụkwọ n'afọ 2004, na Prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie n'afọ 2005. [1] <ref name="Scholars at Harvard" />'afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2005/2006, ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta nke ihe ochie na akụkọ ihe mere eme na Mahadum Harvard. Site <ref name="CV" /> 2007 ruo 2009, ya na Birkbeck nwere njikọ dị ka prọfesọ nyocha. Na 1 Jenụwarị 2007, Dench kwagara na United States iji sonye na ngalaba nke Mahadum Harvard. <ref name="CV">{{Cite web|title=Emma DENCH|url=http://scholar.harvard.edu/files/edench/files/dench_cv.pdf?m=1445277309|work=Harvard University|accessdate=26 December 2015}}</ref> Site <ref name="CV" /> 2007 ruo 2015, ọ bụ Prọfesọ nke Classics na nke History. <ref name="Harvard Crimson 12 May 2010">{{Cite news|author=Rayman|first=Noah S.|title=Faculty Awarded Teaching Prizes|url=http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2010/5/12/professor-period-faculty-exam/|accessdate=27 December 2015|work=The Harvard Crimson|date=12 May 2010}}</ref> bụkwa Prọfesọ kọleji Harvard n'etiti afọ 2010 na 2015; ọ bụ utu aha nsọpụrụ enyere maka "onyinye dị ịrịba ama na nkuzi, ntụziaka na ndụmọdụ". [1] <ref name="Scholars at Harvard">{{Cite web|title=Emma Dench|url=http://scholar.harvard.edu/edench/home|work=Scholars at Harvard|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=27 December 2015}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Emma Dench|url=http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/profile.aspx?facId=775295|work=Harvard Business School|accessdate=27 December 2015}}</ref> afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2015/2016, ọ bụ prọfesọ nleta nke nchịkwa azụmahịa na Harvard Business School . [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Emma Dench receives named chair!|url=http://classics.fas.harvard.edu/news/emma-dench-receives-named-chair|work=Department of the Classics|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=26 December 2015|date=19 November 2015|archivedate=5 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105021207/http://classics.fas.harvard.edu/news/emma-dench-receives-named-chair}}</ref>'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2015, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ McLean Prọfesọ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie na nke oge a. <ref name="bio Classics">{{Cite web|title=Emma Dench|url=https://classics.fas.harvard.edu/people/emma-dench|work=Department of the Classics|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=22 December 2017|archivedate=17 November 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117192300/https://classics.fas.harvard.edu/people/emma-dench}}</ref> rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye isi oche nke ụlọ akwụkwọ Graduate School of Arts and Sciences maka afọ agụmakwụkwọ 2017/2018. [1] <ref>{{Cite web|author=Dooher|first=Kathleen|title=Dench named dean of Graduate School of Arts and Sciences|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2018/03/dench-named-dean-of-graduate-school-of-arts-and-sciences/|work=Harvard Gazette|accessdate=16 June 2018|date=8 March 2018}}</ref>'ịbụ onye a họpụtara ka ọ nọchie onye bụbu dean Xiao-Li Meng oge niile, ọ malitere nhọpụta ahụ dị ka Dean nke Graduate School of Arts and Sciences na 1 July 2018. Dench nwere ọtụtụ nhọpụta na mpụga ọkwa ngalaba mahadum ya. <ref name="Scholars at Harvard"/> bụ onye isi nke Center for Hellenic Studies na [[Washington, D.C.]] O nwere Loeb Classical Library Foundation Fellowship n'etiti afọ 2011 na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Faculty|url=http://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5669?menuId=212|work=Center for Hellenic Studies|publisher=Harvard University|accessdate=27 December 2015|archivedate=5 January 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105043110/http://chs.harvard.edu/CHS/article/display/5669?menuId=212}}</ref> Site <ref name="CV"/> 2013 ruo 2015, ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii mmemme nke American Philological Association . [1] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Special lectures|url=http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/seminars/seminars/special-lectures|work=Faculty of Classics|publisher=University of Cambridge|accessdate=27 December 2015|archivedate=20 December 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220084857/http://www.classics.cam.ac.uk/seminars/seminars/special-lectures}}</ref><ref name="Scholars at Harvard" /> kwuru okwu Grey, nke akpọrọ "Nkwekọrịta ịdị iche: nkwekọrịta, ọdịbendị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na alaeze ukwu Rom", na Mahadum Cambridge na Mee 2016. == Ndụ onwe onye == Dench bụ Nwa amaala Britain na onye bi na United States. <ref name="CV"/> Dench lụrụ Jonathan Bowker, onye na-ese ihe. Ha nwere nwa nwoke, Jacob.<ref name="Harvard Magazine"/> == Ọrụ ndị a họọrọ == * {{Cite book|author=Dench|first=Emma|title=From barbarians to new men: Greek, Roman, and modern perceptions of peoples from the central Apennines|date=1995|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0198150213}} * {{Cite book|author=Dench|first=Emma|title=Romulus' asylum: Roman identities from the age of Alexander to the age of Hadrian|date=2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0198150510}} * {{Cite book|author=Dench|first=Emma|title=Empire and political cultures in the Roman world|date=2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|isbn=978-0521810722}} == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-aca}} {{s-bef|before=[[Steven Ozment]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[McLean Professor of Ancient and Modern History]] <br />[[Harvard University]]|years=2015 to present}} {{s-inc}} {{s-end}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20231014082511/https://history.fas.harvard.edu/people/emma-dench Emma Dench na Harvard History Department Page] * [https://scholar.harvard.edu/edench Emma Dench na Profile Onwe Onye na Harvard] {{DEFAULTSORT:Dench, Emma}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jg287o3txbbfs3wfcsfmtc0dhdtm2f1 0 33972 688410 182826 2026-07-18T09:34:58Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Elizabeth Donata Rawson''', FBA (13 Eprel 1934<ref name="Obituaries">{{Cite web |url=http://icls.sas.ac.uk/library/Cuttings/HTML%20Drawer%201/OBITUARIES%20%27R%27.htm |title=University of London School of Advanced Study Obituaries Cuttings Library |accessdate=2023-11-05 |archivedate=2007-06-09 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070609170713/http://icls.sas.ac.uk/library/Cuttings/HTML%20Drawer%201/OBITUARIES%20%27R%27.htm }}</ref> - 10 Disemba 1988<ref name="The Cambridge Ancient History 1994">''The Cambridge Ancient History'' (Cambridge University Press, 1994), vol. 9, preface, p. xvii.</ref>) bụ onye ọkà mmụta oge ochie a maara nke ọma maka ọrụ ya na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Roman Republic na akụkọ ndụ ya nke Cicero. == Oge ọ malitere == Elizabeth Rawson bụ nwa nwanyị nke Graham Stanhope Rawson na Ivy Marion née Enthoven, bụ ndị [[wiktionary:nee|''amụrụ'']] na 1930. Ndị Rawsons bụ ezinụlọ Yorkshire nke a pụrụ ịchọta agbụrụ ha n'ihe dị ka afọ 1500, mana nna nna Elizabeth biri na Kent na mmalite narị afọ nke 19. Ezinụlọ ahụ biri na 8 Campden Hill Square, Kensington. Rawson tolitere n'ebe egwu oge ochie, ihe nkiri, na ihe ọgụgụ isi ruru eru. Nna ya, nke a kọwara dị ka "nke dịpụrụ adịpụ," <ref>By Rawson's brother John; [[T.P. Wiseman]], "Elizabeth Donata Rawson, 1934–1988," ''Proceedings of the British Academy'' 84 (1994), p. 446.</ref> nwetara nzere doctorate nke nkà ihe ọmụma na Mahadum Jena na Germany. Nne ya, onye Juu Dutch, nyere aka n'afọ ndị 1920 nye ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndị na-emegide Ọchịchị Fascist na Ịtali, ebe o nwere ụmụ nwanne nna na-akwado Fascist. <ref>Wiseman, "Elizabeth Donata Rawson," pp. 445–447.</ref>'akwụkwọ mbụ ya, The Spartan Tradition in European Thought, Rawson kwetara na nne ya, "onye na-adịghị ka Nne Spartan, ma e wezụga na ọ naghị amasị ya na okwu na-enweghị isi". == Ọrụ == Rawson bụ Enyi mbụ Fellow nke New Hall, Cambridge (1967-80) na mgbe e mesịrị (1980-1988) <ref name="Obituaries"/> Fellow na Tutor na Ancient History, Corpus Christi College, Oxford.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://authortree.com/9780198147527 |title=AuthorTree. |accessdate=2023-11-05 |archivedate=2011-07-07 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707191144/http://authortree.com/9780198147527 }}</ref> <ref>T.P. Wiseman, "Roman Intellectual Culture," ''Classical Review'' 44 (1994), p. 120.</ref> bụ onye Rom Scholar 1957-59. [1] N'afọ 1988, a họpụtara Rawson ka ọ bụrụ Fellow nke British Academy . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=1897|title=British Academy Fellowship record|accessdate=10 May 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606092759/http://www.britac.ac.uk/fellowship/directory/archive.asp?fellowsID=1897|archivedate=6 June 2011}}</ref> <ref>[https://www.jstor.org/pss/300893 Review of ''Roman Culture and Society'' by Thomas H. Tarver], '' Journal of Roman Studies'' 84 (1994), pp. 209–211.</ref> nwụrụ n'otu afọ ahụ na China mgbe ọ gụsịrị otu oge nkuzi na Mahadum Nankai, [1] mgbe ọ dị afọ 54. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.newhall.cam.ac.uk/facilities/library/collections.html|title=New Hall College website|accessdate=13 March 2009|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090419092223/http://www.newhall.cam.ac.uk/facilities/library/collections.html|archivedate=19 April 2009}}</ref> nyere New Hall ọbá akwụkwọ nke onwe ya, ebe ọ dị n'ebe a na-agụ akwụkwọ dị ka Rawson Collection. == Mmụta agụmakwụkwọ == Akwụkwọ Rawson chịkọtara, nke e bipụtara n'okpuru aha Roman Culture and Society (1991), nyochara "ọrụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọha mmadụ, echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme na Rom, na nkatọ akwụkwọ na ọdịbendị," <ref>Entry on ''Roman Culture and Society'', [https://web.archive.org/web/20100520070200/http://www.booksunlimited.ie/Books/Rawson-Elizabeth/Roman-Culture-and-Society/9780198147527.htm booksunlimited.ie.]</ref> na-ekwu maka isiokwu nke akụkọ ihe mere mere eme na antiquarianism. Nchịkọta ahụ nwere isiokwu 31 "dị ukwuu" edere n'ime afọ 20, n'oge ahụ, o bipụtara akwụkwọ atọ dị mkpa ma nye aka na ọrụ ntụaka dị mma n'ọhịa ya. <ref>Wiseman, "Roman Intellectual Culture," pp. 119–120.</ref>"N'ihi ọrịa ruo 1968," ka onye ọkà mmụta oge ochie T.P. Wiseman dere, "Elizabeth Rawson malitere ide ihe n'azụ oge; mana ozugbo ọ malitere, o nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọ ga-ekwu banyere ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche. " Banyere usoro ya, Rawson kwuru na "nchịkọta akụkọ ihe mere eme pụtara ihe ọ bụla, ọ bụ ihe efu kpamkpam, na-enweghị nkọwa doro anya nke ọ na-apụta na nke ọ na'enye ihe dị mkpa. " <ref>Elizabeth Rawson, ''Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985), p. ix.</ref> A katọrọ ya dị ka "onye na-emegide 'echiche', " ma họrọ usoro ihe omimi karịa usoro echiche. <ref>Wiseman, "Roman Intellectual Culture", p. 121.</ref> == Ihe odide == {{Reflist}} gs17pbrqmms0r90h8apo9c71fh4febf 0 34851 688406 146615 2026-07-18T08:39:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''[[w:Elfatih Ali Babiker Eltahir|Elfatih Ali Banker]]''' ({{Lang-ar|الفاتح علي بابكر الطاهر}}, amụrụ n'Ọktoba 1961) bụ Ọkammụta Sudan<ref name=":5" /> -American<ref name=":1 " /> n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Civil and Environmental Engineering]], Ọkammụta H.M. King [[w:Bhumibol Adulyadej|Bhumibol]] n'isi ọmụmụ Hydrology na Climate, na onye isi nke MIT-[[w:|UM6P]] Research Project na [[w:|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]. === Mmalite Ndụ na Agụmakwụkwọ Ya === A mụrụ Elfatih Eltahir na Omdurman, Sudan, n'Ọktoba 1961 nye Ali Babiker Eltahir na Nafisa Hassan Musa.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Eltahir |first=Elfatih |date=1993 -02-17 | aha = Mmekọrịta nke hydrology na ihu igwe na Amazon basin |url=https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/17311/28142745-MIT.pdf?sequence=2 | webụsaịtị =[ [MIT]] | ibe=188 |ụdị=Thesis}}</ref> O nwetara nzere B.Sc (First Class Honours) ya n'isi ọmụmụ injinia owuwu na Mahadum Khartoum n'afọ 1985.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Professor Elfatih Eltahir {{!}} Community Jameel |url=https://www.communityjameel.org/team/dr-elfatih-eltahir |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=www.communityjameel.org |language=en}}</ref> O ritere ihe nrite Mahadum Merghani Hamza Prize. O mechaziri nweta nzere [[w:|Master of Science (M.Sc)]] (First Class Honours) ya n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|hydrology]] na [[w:|Mahadum Gọọmenti Etiti Ireland]] n'afọ 1988 wee nweta ihe nrite McLaughlin.<ref name=":1"> {{Cite webụ | ikpeazụ=s.r.l |first=Interfase |title=TWAS ahọpụtara ndị otu ọhụrụ 50 |url=https://twas.org/article/twas-elects-50-new-fellows | nweta-date=2023-02 -24 |website=TWAS |language=en}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Arabic |first=M. I. T. | | = 2020-03-16 | ORC = تعرف الباحث التاى في التحه? فف? الت /? في? في? | ف ف =? | ف | | | Nweta = Accewlọ Ọrụ = 20 23-02-24 | Weebụsaịtị =إم آي تي تكنولوجي ريفيو |language=ar}}</ref> Eltahir mechara nweta nzere Master nke Sayensị ọzọ n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|meteorology]] na nzere [[w:|Doctor of Science]] (D.Sc.) n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Hydro-climatology]], ha abụọ n'afọ 1993, sitere na [[w:|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] (MIT).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Eltahir, Elfatih {{!}} MIT Center for Global Change Science |url= https://cgcs.mit.edu/people/eltahir-elfatih |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=cgcs.mit.edu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite webụ|url=http://eltahir.mit.edu/ |title=Research |publisher=mit.edu |accessdate=April 26,2017}}</ref> Ọrụ ya bụụrụ maka “mmekọrịta nke hydrology na ihu igwe na [[Amazon basin]]”, nke [[NASA]] Fellowship in Global Change Research kwadoro n'ụdị ego ma [[w:|Rafael L. Bras]] elekọta ya.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{ Cite webụ |title=CGC onye ọbịa DB {{!}} Mmemme nkwado maka Ọganihu nke Sayensị Sistemụ Ụwa |url=https://cpaess.ucar.edu/cgc-postdocs-hosts |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=cpaess.ucar.edu}}</ref> === Ọrụ na Ime Nnyocha Ya === Eltahir gara n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na MIT mgbe Sc.D. dị ka onye [[w:Postdoctoral researcher|onye òtù nnyocha nweterela nzere ọkankuzi ya]] tupu ebulie ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọkàmmụta enyemaka n'afọ 1994. Na 1995, ọ ghọrọ onye isi oche nke Gilbert Winslow Career Development (1995-1998). N'afọ 1998, ọ ghọrọ ọkàmmụta nta wee bụrụ ọkammụta zuru ezu n'isi ọmụmụ [[w:|Civil and Environmental Engineering]] n'afọ 2003.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Eltahir CV |url=http://web.mit.edu /eltahir/www2/eltahir_cv.htm |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=web.mit.edu}}</ref>{{Isi mmalite inline|ụbọchị=February 2023}} Ọ bụ Ọkammụta H.M. King [[w:Bhumibol Adulyadej|Bhumibol]] na ngalaba Hydrology na Climate, na onye isi nke Mmemme Nnyocha na MIT-[[w:|Mahadum Mohammed VI Polytechnic]] (UM6P) nke na-elekwasị anya na mmepe na-adịgide adịgide n'Africa.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Elfatih A. B. Eltahir |url=https://thebulletin.org/biography/elfatih-a-b-eltahir/ | access-date=2023-02-26 |websaịtị=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |language=en-US}}</ref> Nchọpụta Eltahir lekwasịrị anya n'ịmepụta [[w: Computer Simulation | simulation kọmputa]], nke ekwunyerela megide [[w:Space-based measurements of carbon dioxide|nhụta satịlaịtị]], iji mụọ ka mgbanwe ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ<ref>{{Cite journal | last1= Siam |first1=Mohamed S. | ikpeazụ2=Eltahir |first2=Elfatih A.B. |date=2017-05-01 |title=Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-akwalite mgbanwe n’etiti afọ nke osimiri Naịl |url=https://www.nature.com/ isiokwu / nclimate3273 | akwụkwọ akụkọ = Mgbanwe ihu igwe okike | asụsụ = en | olu = 7 | mbipụta = 5 | ibe = 350–354 | doi = 10.1038 / nclimate3273 |bibcode=2017NatCC...7..350S |issn=1758-67 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mgbanwe ihu igwe na Ogbe Muslim: Ihe Nlereanya si Africa na Eshia nke Elfatih Eltahir|url=https://islamicstudies.harvard.edu/climate-change-eltahir|nweta -date=2023-02-24|website=islamicstudies.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2023-12-24|archivedate=2023-02-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224222716/https://islamicstudies.harvard.edu/climate-change-eltahir}}</ref> nwere ike imetụta ọha mmadụ site na mgbanwe dị na òtù mmiri si adị<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Eltahir |first=Elfatih A.B. |date=1998-04-01 |title=Uru Ala-Mmiri mmiri ozuzo Usoro nzaghachi: 1. Theory and observations |journal=Nchọpụta akụrụngwa mmiri |asụsụ = en | mpịakọta = 34 | mbipụta = 4 | ibe = 765–776 |doi =10.1029/97WR03499|bibcode=1998WRR....34..765E |s2cid=29397268 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Findell |first1=Kirsten L. | ikpeazụ2=Eltahir |first2=Elfatih A.B. |Ụbọchị=2003-06-01 |title=Nchịkwa ikuku n’elu mmiri ala–Mmekọrịta nke Layer Boundary. Nkebi I: Framework Development | akwụkwọ akụkọ = Akwụkwọ akụkọ Hydrometeorology | asụsụ = EN | mpịakọta = 4 | mbipụta = 3 | ibe = 552–569 | doi = 10.1175 / 1525-7541 (2003) 004 <0552: ACOSML>2.0.CO; 2 |bibcode=2003JHyMe...4..552F |issn=1525-7541|doi-access=free }}</ref> na ọrịa,<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yamana |first1=Teresa K . | ikpeazụ2= ogbunigwe|first2=Arne | ikpeazụ3=Eltahir |first3=Elfatih A.B. |date=2016-11-01 |title=Mgbanwe ihu igwe agaghị ebuli ibu ịba na West Africa |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate3085 |journal=Mgbanwe ihu igwe okike |asụsụ = en | mpịakọta = 6 | mbipụta = 11 | ibe = 1009–1013 |doi=10.1038/nclimate3085 |bibcode=2016NatCC...6.1009Y |issn=1758-6798}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news | ikpeazụ=Jr |first=Donald G. Mcneil |date=2008-12-22 |title=N'ime obodo dara ogbenye, Mgbalị Tech dị ala nwere ike inye aka gbochie ụmụ ahụhụ na ọrịa | asụsụ = en-US | ọrụ = The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/23/health/23glob.html | nweta-date=2023-02-24 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> karịsịa n'Africa<ref>{{Cite journal | ikpeazụ=Eltahir |first=Elfatih A.B. |date=1996-01-01 |title=El Niño na mgbanwe okike n’ime mmiri nke osimiri Naịl |url=http ://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/95WR02968 |journal=Nchọpụta ihe gbasara mmiri |asụsụ = 32..131E }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Gong |first1=Cuiling |last2=Eltahir |first2=Elfatih |date=1996-10-01 |title=Isi esi enweta mmiri maka mmiri ozuzo na West Africa |url=http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/96WR01940 |journal=Nchọpụta ihe gbasara mmiri |asụsụ=en |olu=32 | mbipụta=10 | ibe = 3115–3121 | =1996WRR....32.3115G }}</ref> na Asia.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Shalaby |first1=A. | ikpeazụ2=Rappenglueck |nke mbụ2=B. | ikpeazụ3=Eltahir |nke mbụ3=E. a. B. | ụbọchị = 2015-01-19 | aha = climatology nke uzuzu uzuzu n'ofe ala Arab | url = https://acp.copernicus.org/preprints/acp-2014-732/ | akwụkwọ akụkọ = Chemistry na Physics Atmospheric Mkparịta ụka |asụsụ = Bekee | mpịakọta = 15 | mbipụta = 2 | ibe = 1523–1571 |doi=10.5194/acpd-15-1523-2015|bibcode=2015ACPD...15.1523S |doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Marcella |first1=Marc P. |last2=Eltahir |first2=Elfatih A.B. |date=2012-01-15 |title=Ịmeghari ihu igwe oge okpomọkụ nke Southwest Asia: Ọrụ nke Usoro n'elu ala n'ịkpụzi ihu igwe nke mpaghara Semiarid | akwụkwọ akụkọ = akwụkwọ akụkọ ihu igwe | asụsụ = EN | mpịakọta = 25 | mbipụta = 2 | ibe = 704–719 | doi=10.1175/2011JCLI4080.1 |bibcode=2012JCli...25 ..704M |hdl=1721.1/72524 |s2cid=14028082 |issn=0894-8755|doi-access=free }}</ref> === Ihe Nrite na Nkwanye Ùgwù Ya === Eltahir nwetara onyinye nturu ugo onye nyocha ohuru nke NASA n'afọ 1996,<ref name=":2" /> [[w:|Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers]] (PECASE) nke mba US n'afọ 1997,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Onye nyocha meriri. Nturu ugo onye isi ala maka oru na oke ohia na mmiri ozuzo |url=http://web.mit.edu/eltahir/www2/eltahir2.htm |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=web.mit.edu}}</ref> na Kuwait Prize in Applied Sciences maka ọrụ ya na mgbanwe ihu igwe n'afọ 1999.<ref name=":5">{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=Mohareb |first=Esraa |date=2022-06-08 |title= Ọkachamara mmiri mmiri Sudan kpọrọ oku ka a lụso mgbọrọgwụ ihe kpatara ọgba aghara mmiri Naịl |url=https://www.al-fanarmedia.org/2022/06/elfatih-eltahir-a-sudanese-hydrologist-at-mit/ | nweta-date=2023 -02-24 |website=Al-Fanar Media |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-02-18 |title=التقدم العلمي نظمت محاضرة علمية للفاتح الطاهر | =https://www.alanba.com.kw/446388 |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=الانباء |language=ar-kw}}</ref> A họpụtara ya onye òtù [[w:|American Geophysical Union]] (AGU) n'afọ 2008, wee nata ihw nrite AGU nke [[w:|Hydrologic Sciences Award]] n'afọ 2017.<ref>{{Cite web | ikpeazụ=AGU |date=2017-10-27 |title=Eltahir na-enweta 2017 Hydrologic Sciences Award |url =http://eos.org/agu-news/eltahir-receives-2017-hydrologic-sciences-award |access-date=2022-11-27 |website=Eos |asụsụ=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2023, a hoputara ya onye òtù [[w:|National Academy of Engineering]] (NAE),<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dr. Elfatih A.B. Eltahir |url=https://nae.edu/290177/Dr-Elfatih-AB-Eltahir |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=NAE Weebụsaịtị |language=en}}</ref><ref>{ {Cite web |title=National Academy of Engineering ahọpụtara ndị otu 106 na ndị otu mba ụwa 18 |url=https://nae.edu/289843/NAENewClass2023 |access-date=2023-02-24 |website=NAE Weebụsaịtị |asụsụ=en }}</ref> na onye òtù [[w:|The World Academy of Science]] (TWAS) maka ọganihu sayensị na [[w: developing country| mba ndị na-emepe emepe]].<ref name=":1" /> Eltahir bụ onye òtù [[w:|American Meteorological Society]], [[w:|Royal Meteorological Society]], [[w:|American Society of Civil Engineers]], Sudan Engineering Society, na [[w:|Sudanese National Academy of Sciences]].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" />{{Isi mmalite inline|ụbọchị=February 2023}} === Ndụ Onwe Onye Ya === Eltahir nwere ụmụnne isii, ma lụọ Shahinaz Ahmed Badri na Disemba 1991.<ref name=":3" /> O nwere ụmụ abụọ, Nafisa Onye ode akụkọ [[w:|Reuters]] na Sudan na Egypt<ref>{{Cite web | aha=Nafisa Eltahir |url=https://www.reuters.com/authors/nafisa-eltahir/ |access-date=2023-02-26 |website=www.reuters.com}}</ref>) na Mohamed .<ref>{{Cite web |title=سودانيون في اميركا (10): د. الفاتح الطاهر، بروفسير في معهد ماساجوستس للتكنولوجيا/واشنطن: محمد علي صالح |url=https://sudaneseonline.com/ar/article_21557.shtml21557.shtml }}</ref>{{Isi iyi ka mma chọrọ|reason=Isi mmalite nke ugbu a enweghị ntụkwasị obi zuru oke ([[WP:NOTRS]]).|ụbọchị=February 2023}} === Akwụkwọ Ndị O bipụtara === {{Scholia}} * {{Cite book |last=Eltahir |first=Elfatih A. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NIjLywEACAAJ |title=A Path Forward for Sharing the Nile Water: Sustainable, Smart, Equitable, Incremental |date=2019-11-11 |publisher=Eltahir Research Group |isbn=978-1734069617 |oclc=1243325049}} * {{Cite book |last1=Eltahir |first1=Elfatih A. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lej2zQEACAAJ |title=Projecting the Impacts of Climate Change on Malaria Transmission in Africa |last2=Bomblies |first2=Arne |last3=Yamana |first3=Teresa K. |date=2020-09-28 |publisher=Eltahir Research Group |isbn=978-1734069631}} * {{Cite book |last1=Eltahir |first1=Elfatih A. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBN5zgEACAAJ |title=Natural Variability of the Nile Floods: From Pharaoh's Dream to El Niño / La Niña |last2=Wang |first2=Guiling |last3=Siam |first3=Mohamed S. |date=2021-05-14 |publisher=Eltahir Research Group |isbn=978-1734069662}} * {{Cite book |last1=Eltahir |first1=Elfatih A. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GsMtzwEACAAJ |title=Future Climate of the Mediterranean and Southern Europe |last2=Tuel |first2=Alexandre |date=2022-05-31 |publisher=Eltahir Research Group |isbn=978-1734069679}} * {{Cite book |last=Eltahir |first=Elfatih A. B. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMgtzwEACAAJ |title=Hotspots for Heat Stress in a Changing Climate: Persian Gulf, South Asia, and Eastern China |date=2022-08-01 |publisher=Eltahir Research Group |isbn=979-8986287409}} === Edensibia === {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Eltahir, Elfatih}} [[Category: Ndị dị ndụ]] [[Category:MIT School of Engineering faculty]] [[Category:21st-century American engineers]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science]] [[Category: Ndị gụchara akwụkwọ na Mahadum Khartoum]] [[Category: Ndị òtù American Geophysical Union]] [[Category: Ndị òtù Sudanese National Academy of Sciences]] [[Category: Ndị òtù TWAS]] [[Category: Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1961]] [[Category: Ndị òtù United States National Academy of Engineering]] [[Category: Ndị Amerika si Sudan]] 7siuj3601xrep5h0wyk2c4e2ggqreg5 0 45657 688348 170398 2026-07-17T13:33:57Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}  '''Nkasi obi Arthur''' bụ onye Ghana amuru na Britain ihe ihe nkiri, onye na-ese ihe osise, onye na-ese ihe na onye ndezi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur bio|url=https://www.kweli.tv/authors/comfort-arthur|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=www.kweli.tv|language=en}}</ref> A maara ya nke ọma maka ọrụ animation dị ka ''Black Barbie'', ''Ndị A bụrụ ọnụ'' na ''Ụmụaka nke ugwu'' . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Black Barbie - IFFR|url=https://iffr.com/en/iffr/2018/films/black-barbie|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=iffr.com}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye guzobere "The Comfy Studio" nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi dị na Ghana. <ref name="ladma">{{Cite web|title=Meet Your Fellow A-List Woman in Film: Comfort Arthur (Ghana) - LADIMA|url=https://ladima.africa/meet-your-fellow-a-list-woman-in-film-comfort-arthur-ghana/|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=ladima.africa}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ ya na United Kingdom. O nwetara nzere bachelọ ya na eserese eserese site na Central Saint Martins wee mechaa nzere Masters na Animation site na Royal College of Art . <ref name="career">{{Cite web|title=Berlinale Talents - Comfort Arthur career|url=https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt//bt/talent/comfort-arthur/profile|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=Berlinale Talents|language=en-GB}}</ref> == Ọrụ == N'ime oge ya na Royal College of Art, Arthur meriri ihe nrite mbụ maka Onye nrụpụta ihe ngosi Motion kacha mma na Real Ideas Studio na 2009. Ọ merikwara ihe nrite mbụ maka ihe nkiri animation/Moving na 2007. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur|url=https://www.rca.ac.uk/students/comfort-arthur/|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=Royal College of Art|language=en-GB}}</ref> Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na nnukwu ụlọ ahịa afọ asaa. Agbanyeghị na Disemba 2012, ọ hapụrụ London wee kwaga Ghana dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ ihe nkiri site n'enyemaka nwanne ya nwanyị. Mgbe ahụ, ọ sonyere na Sparrow Productions wee rụọ ọrụ afọ atọ. Na 2015 ọ ghọrọ onye nweere onwe ya, wee malite ịrụ ọrụ nke ya. <ref name="ladma"/> N'otu afọ ahụ, a họpụtara nwa agbọghọ ya obere ihe nkiri animated ''The Peculiar Life of a Spider'' n'ụdị animation na Ghana Movie Awards na The Africa Movie Academy Awards. <ref name="career"/> N'afọ 2016, ọ tọrọ ntọala ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi, "The Comfy Studio" wee mepụta ọtụtụ ndị nkatọ toro mkpụmkpụ animated. N'afọ 2015, o mere ihe nkiri dị mkpụmkpụ ''Imagine'' nke mechara nweta ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha mma na Golden Movie Awards na 2016. <ref name="works">{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur works|url=http://ctiaf.com/speakers/comfort-arthur/|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=ctiaf|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102620/http://ctiaf.com/speakers/comfort-arthur/}}</ref> N'afọ 2016, o mere obere ihe nkiri uri animation ''Black Barbie'' wee lelee mmemme ihe nkiri mba ụwa 40. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur Talks Skin Bleaching and Making 'Black Barbie'|url=https://www.reformthefunk.com/features/comfort-arthur-talks-skin-bleaching-and-making-black-barbie|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=REFORM THE FUNK|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002102619/https://www.reformthefunk.com/features/comfort-arthur-talks-skin-bleaching-and-making-black-barbie}}</ref> Mkpirisi ahụ natara ndị nkatọ toro ma họpụta Arthur maka ọtụtụ onyinye yana onyinye Animation kacha mma na Ghana Movie Awards 2016. <ref>{{Cite web|title=FLO London: In conversation with Comfort Arthur|url=https://www.flolondon.co.uk/all-posts/in-conversation-with-comfort-arthur|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=FLO London|language=en-US}}</ref> Abụ ahụ meriri ihe nrite maka ihe nkiri kacha ekwu okwu na Ememme Nkiri Real Times na 2016. <ref name="career"/> Na Annecy International Animated Film Festival na 2017, a họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Short Short kacha mma. N'otu afọ ahụ na Queens World Film Festival, a họpụtara mkpụmkpụ maka onyinye abụọ: Best Animation na Best Narrative Short Short. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Comfort Arthur nominations|url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm6788644/awards|accessdate=2021-10-02|work=IMDb}}</ref> Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Arthur meriri ihe nrite maka onye nduzi nwanyị kacha mma na BlackStar International Film Festival nakwa maka ''Black Barbie'' . <ref name="career"/> Mgbe ahụ na 2018 ọrụ ntinye ya ''Naughty Nii'' nwetara ihe nrite nke mbụ na-agba ọsọ na ihe nrite Kuenyehia Ghana nke oge a. <ref name="works"/> N'afọ 2019, o wepụtara usoro ihe nkiri webụ ihe ọchị, nke akpọrọ ''M Na-ebi na Ghana, Wepụ m n'ebe a'' . Na 2020, ya na Ladima Foundation rụkọrọ ọrụ iji kwado mmemme mmemme maka ụmụ agbọghọ na Nigeria. <ref name="ladma"/> == Ihe nkiri == {| class="wikitable" !Afọ ! Ihe nkiri ! Ọrụ ! Ụdị ! Ref. |- | 2015 | ''Ndị a bụrụ ọnụ'' | Isoke | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2015 | ''Ndị a bụrụ ọnụ'' | data wrangler | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2015 | ''Grey Dawn'' | Ọga n'ihu nke edemede | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2016 | ''Umu Ugwu'' | Dọkịta bi na nwanyị | Ihe nkiri | |- | 2016 | ''Black Barbie'' | Onye nduzi, Animator, Onye edemede, Onye Mmepụta | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- | 2017 | ''Yaa'' | Ohu 1 | Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi | |- | 2017 | ''Keteke'' | Anụmanụ | Ihe nkiri | |} == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|6788644}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] o02n6e6k19c3bnhiwir39nfqx3mvj9i 0 48784 688411 641992 2026-07-18T09:53:02Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Elmer Lucille Allen''' (amụrụ na Louisville, Kentucky, Ọgọst 23, 1931) bụ onye na-ese seramiiki na onye na-ahụ maka kemist nke gụsịrị akwụkwọ na kọleji Nazareth (nke bụ Mahadum Spalding ugbu a) na 1953. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Allen|first=Elmer Lucille|title=Interview with Elmer Lucille Allen, April 4, 2016|url=https://ohc.library.louisville.edu/ohms/viewer.php?cachefile=2017_074_02_allen.xml|accessdate=March 29, 2023|work=University of Louisville Oral History Center}}</ref> Aha nna ya na nwanne ya nwoke Elmer na ezinụlọ ahụ họọrọ ịkpọ ya Elmer Lucille. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Potter|first=Eugenia K.|title=Kentucky Women: Two Centuries of Indomitable Spirit and Vision|publisher=Big Tree Press|year=1997|isbn=0-9659858-0-6|pages=2}}</ref> Ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ African-American chemist na Brown-Forman na 1966. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://nkaa.uky.edu/record.php?note_id=1704|title=Allen, Elmer Lucille · Notable Kentucky African Americans Database|work=nkaa.uky.edu|accessdate=2016-02-10|archivedate=2017-01-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126220212/http://nkaa.uky.edu/record.php?note_id=1704}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Allen na oge ịda mbà n'obi na Louisville, Kentucky, n'oge ọ ka bụ obodo kewapụrụ iche. N'ajụjụ ọnụ ọ gbara ya, o kwuru na "o nweghị mgbe ya na ndị ọcha gara ụlọ akwụkwọ" ruo mgbe ọ bụ nwata na mahadum. <ref name=":0"/> Ọ gara klas nka mbụ ya, klaasị ịkwa akwa, na klas nke asaa na Madison Street Junior High School. O kwuru na N'ajụjụ ọnụ na onye na-ese ihe mbụ ọ chọpụtara na ya bụ onye nkuzi ya, Oriakụ Hattie Figg, onye kuziri ihe osise n'ogo nke obere. Ọ mụtara ọtụtụ ọrụ aka na-arụ ọrụ n'obere elu, dị ka ịrụzi akpụkpọ ụkwụ, mbipụta, ịkwa akwa, na ịkwa nkà. Ọ mụtakwara ọrụ nka dị iche iche na Plymouth Settlement House na Presbyterian Community Center. Ọ bụkwa nwa agbọghọ Scout, ọrụ a mere ka o nwee mmasị na nka. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Central High School na 1949, n'oge ụmụ nwanyị Africa-America nwere ohere ole na ole dị ha. Ọ gara Louisville Municipal College, onye na-arụkọ ọrụ, ụlọ akwụkwọ ojii niile site na 1949 ruo 1951 wee gbanwee na Nazareth College ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ojii ole na ole. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ nke sayensị na kọleji Nazaret na 1953. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Fernheimer|first=Janice W.|date=November 8, 2021|title=90 Years of Elmer Lucille Allen|url=https://americanwhiskeymag.com/2021/11/08/elmer-lucille-allen-interview/|accessdate=March 29, 2023|work=American Whiskey Magazine|archivedate=March 29, 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329201558/https://americanwhiskeymag.com/2021/11/08/elmer-lucille-allen-interview/}}</ref> Elmer Lucille Allen tinyere aka na ihe ngosi nka Louisville na 1980s. O nyere aka guzobe Kentucky Coalition of African American Arts ma bụrụkwa onye guzobere Kansụl Arts nke Louisville. <ref name=":0"/> == Mgbe e mesịrị ọrụ == Allen lara ezumike nká na Brown-Forman na 1997, mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o tinyere oge ka ukwuu na nkà ya. Malite na 1981 ọ malitere ịmụ nkà na Mahadum Louisville, na-anata Masters of Creative Arts na-elekwasị anya na ceramics na fiber na 2002. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.carnegiecenter.org/exhibit_elmerallen.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070812225900/http://www.carnegiecenter.org/exhibit_elmerallen.html|archivedate=12 August 2007|title=Carnegie Center for Art & History|date=12 August 2007}}</ref> Ọrụ akwa Allen na-agụnye usoro esi esiji shibori . <ref name="Kramer">{{Cite news|author=Elizabeth Kramer|url=http://www.courier-journal.com/story/entertainment/arts/visual/2015/10/22/elmer-allens-giving-spirit-garners-prize/73540328/|title=Elmer Allen's giving spirit garners prize|work=The Courier-Journal|accessdate=2017-02-12|language=en}}</ref> N'ikwu okwu banyere ceramics ya, Allen na-ekwu, "Ana m eme ihe ndị m chọrọ, ọ na-amasịkwa m mgbe niile teapots." Obi na-adị ya ụtọ na ọ bụrụ na o mee ihe na-amasị ya, na ọ pụrụ nnọọ ịmaliteghachi ọzọ. Platters ya na-abụkarị ọchịchịrị ma gbazee, ebe ite tea ya mara mma na eserese. Ọ na-ekwu, "Mgbe m gbaziri ụlọ ọrụ mbụ m na 2005 na Mellwood, amaara m na m bụ onye na-ese ihe n'ezie." <ref>Karen R. Davis,[https://web.archive.org/web/20240916025228/https://karoda.typepad.com/seamless_skin/2010/11/elmer-lucille-allen-artist-interview.html Interview with Elmer Lucille Allen] at Seamless Skin, November 7, 2010.</ref> Na 2004, ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ nnata nke Kentucky Arts Council Governor's Award in Arts for Community Arts. <ref>{{Cite web|date=September 21, 2022|title=The Voice of an Artist|url=https://www.todaystransitionsnow.com/people/the-voice-of-an-artist/|accessdate=March 29, 2023|work=Today's Transitions}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Imagine 2020 Mural Festival nyere onye na-ese ihe bụ Brandon Marshall iwu ka o mepụta eserese na-eme ememe ndụ Elmer Lucille Allen. <ref>{{Cite news|date=April 13, 2020|title=Elmer Lucille Allen, barrier-breaking artist, chemist|pages=2A|work=Courier - Journal [Louisville, Ky.]}}</ref> === Ihe ngosi === ya bụ onye nkuzi ya, Oriakụ Hattie Figg, onye kuziri ihe osise n'ogo nke obere. Ọ mụtara ọtụtụ ọrụ aka na-arụ ọrụ n'obere elu, dị ka ịrụzi akpụkpọ ụkwụ, mbipụta, ịkwa akwa, na ịkwa nkà. Ọ mụtakwara ọrụ nka dị iche iche * 2010 - "Ọnweghị na Ọnụnọ: Nkà nke Elmer Lucille Allen na Valerie White" na E&S Gallery. <ref>{{Cite news|date=November 7, 2010|title=Elmer Lucille Allen, working in shibori|pages=I3|work=Courier - Journal [Louisville, Ky.]}}</ref> * 2011 - ''Ike imepụta ike: Ikuku, mmanụ ọkụ, ọkụ'' na Carnegie Center for Art and History na New Albany, Indiana . <ref>{{Cite news|date=2011-10-28|title=Powering Creativity: Air, Fuel, Heat - The Carnegie Center of Art and History|language=en-US|work=The Carnegie Center of Art and History|url=http://carnegiecenter.org/powering-creativity-air-fuel-heat-2/|accessdate=2017-02-12}}</ref> * 2016 - ''Ngosi ihe ngosi nka nke ụmụ nwanyị: Ahụmahụ ihe nketa Africa'' na [[Kentucky Center for African American Heritage]] . <ref>{{Cite web|title=2016 Women's Artist Exhibition - KCAAH|url=http://www.kcaah.org/content/2016-women%E2%80%99s-artist-exhibition|work=www.kcaah.org|accessdate=2024-06-17|archivedate=2018-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410072346/http://www.kcaah.org/content/2016-women%E2%80%99s-artist-exhibition}}</ref> * 2020 -- "Ụmụ nwanyị Africa-American: Ememe Diversity na Art" na KORE Gallery, Louisville, Kentucky. <ref>{{Cite news|date=February 2, 2020|title=Exhibits|pages=4C|work=Courier - Journal [Louisville, Ky.]}}</ref> * 2023 -- "Ncheta," ihe ngosi na-asọpụrụ Lida Gordon site na Bette Levy, Elmer Lucille Allen, Denise Furnish, na Melinda Snyder na PYRO, Louisville, Ky. <ref>{{Cite news|date=February 25, 2023|title=Exhibits|pages=2C|work=Courier - Journal [Louisville, Ky.]}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * 1986 – Onyinye Gọvanọ na nka nka (Kentuky) <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://artscouncil.ky.gov/KAC/Showcasing/GA16_PastRecipients.htm|title=KY: Kentucky Arts Council - Governor's Awards in the Arts: Past Recipients|work=artscouncil.ky.gov|accessdate=2017-02-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830233708/http://artscouncil.ky.gov/KAC/Showcasing/GA16_PastRecipients.htm|archivedate=2016-08-30}}</ref> * 2004—Ngosipụta ihe nrite ime obodo Kentuky's Community Arts * 2004-Nwanyị nke Ndịiche * 2007 - "Ụmụ nwanyị nke Spunk" sitere na Ụlọ ihe nkiri na-eme ihe nkiri * 2011 – Mahadum Caritas Medal Spalding <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://louisville.epubxp.com/i/43017-fall-2011/51|title=University of Louisville Magazine - FALL 2011|work=louisville.epubxp.com|language=en|accessdate=2017-02-12}}</ref> * 2015 – Kentucky Museum of Art and Craft 's Art Advocacy Award <ref name="Kramer"/> * 2015- Onyinye mmụọ nke obodo nyere site na Mahadum Louisville College of Arts and Science and the Yearlings Club * 2016—Parkland Rising Up Project * 2016 -- Louisville Defender – Ndụ Nnabata Ọrụ Obodo Ndụ * 2016 - Onye ndu obodo pụtara ìhè site na Kansụl Metro * 2019 -- Pillars nke Louisville Ọbá akwụkwọ Ọhaneze efu Louisville <ref>{{Cite web|author=Jones|first=Michael L.|date=2019-02-01|title=Artist and activist Elmer Lucille Allen honored as one of the Pillars of Louisville|url=https://louisvilleinsight.com/archived-news/artist-and-activist-elmer-lucille-allen-honored-as-one-of-the-pillars-of-louisville/|work=Louisville Insight}}</ref> == Ntụaka == {{Reflist|30em}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Allen, Elmer Lucille}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] jgozlli6y058lkm5s3ihowwozmljz8i 0 48911 688405 642319 2026-07-18T08:30:27Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Elarica Johnson''' ( née Gallacher ; amuru 21 August 1989) bu onye omere na ihe nlere nke Britain, mara amara maka igwu egwu Hailey (AKA Autumn Night) na ''P-Valley .'' <ref name="Wonderland 2021">{{Cite web|title=Elarica Johnson Unpacks P-Valley And It's Layered Storylines|work=Wonderland|date=12 January 2021|url=https://www.wonderlandmagazine.com/2021/01/12/elarica-johnson-p-valley-autumn-2020/|accessdate=4 June 2021}}</ref> Johnson nwekwara kpakpando na ''A Discovery of Witches'', nke ọ na-egwuri Juliette Durand. <ref name="Fabric magazine 2018">{{Cite web|title=Exclusive Interview: Elarica Johnson|work=Fabric magazine|date=1 August 2018|url=https://www.fabricmagazine.co.uk/people/elarica-johnson/|accessdate=4 June 2021|archivedate=4 June 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604035817/https://www.fabricmagazine.co.uk/people/elarica-johnson/}}</ref> Ọ gbara Kylie na ''EastEnders'', onye na-echere na ọdụ Surbiton na ''Harry Potter na Half-Blood Prince'', na Lula Landry na usoro 2017 ''Strike'' . == Ihe nkiri == === Ihe nkiri === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 2009 | ''Harry Potter na onye isi ọkara ọbara'' | Onye na-eche nche | |- | 2010 | ''Ụlọ nkata'' | Ushi | |- | 2012 | ''Nwannem ekwensu'' | Vanessa | |- | 2013 | ''Ụlọ ntụ ntụ'' | Jenny | |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | ''Ihe echefuru echefu'' | Carmen | |- | ''Ebe Anyị na-aga zoo'' | Celeste | Nkenke |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Mgbe A nwụsịrị'' | Patricia | |- | ''Ochie'' | Nisha | Nkenke |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | ''Otu esi agwa ụmụ agbọghọ okwu na nnọkọ oriri'' | Stella gbara ọchịchịrị | |- | ''Blade Runner 2049'' | Doxie #3 | |- | 2019 | ''[[Six Days of Sistine|Ụbọchị isii nke Sistine]]'' | Sistine | <ref>{{Cite web|title=Mbur Indie Film Distribution|url=https://www.mbur.com/six-days-of-sistine-film-page|accessdate=8 September 2020|archivedate=25 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230325095940/https://www.mbur.com/six-days-of-sistine-film-page}}</ref> |} === Igwe onyonyo === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Afọ ! Aha ! Ọrụ ! class="unsortable" | Ihe ndetu |- | 2008 | ''Dachapụ'' | Aliya | Ihe nkiri onyonyo |- | 2010 | ''EastEnders'' | Kylie | nkeji iri na atọ |- | 2011 | ''Top Boy'' | Sophie | Akụkụ 3 |- | 2012 | ''Nzọụkwụ iri na atọ ala'' | Nerissa Nash | Ihe ngosi 2 |- | 2013 | ''Jo'' | Jasmine | Oge 1, ihe omume 2: "Pigalle" |- | 2015 | ''Nwoke Nnyefe'' | Nkasi obi Evans | Oge 1, ihe omume 4: "Celebrity" |- | 2016 | ''Ọnwụ na Paradaịs'' | Sadie Mernier | Oge nke 5, ihe omume 3: "Igosi na igbu mmadụ" |- | 2017 | ''Tie ihe'' | Lula Landry | Akụkụ 3 |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Achọpụtara ndị amoosu'' | Juliette Durand | Ihe omume 6 |- | ''Agatha Raisin'' | Lucy Trumpington-James | Ihe omume: "The Fairies of Fryfam" |- | 2020-2022 | ''P-Ndagwurugwu'' | Abalị ụbịa | nkeji iri na asaa <ref>{{Cite web|author=Staff|first=A. O. L.|title=Elarica Johnson Departs From 'P-Valley' After Two Seasons|url=https://www.vibe.com/news/movies-tv/elarica-johnson-p-valley-departure-1234687051/|accessdate=27 April 2024|work=vibe.com|date=20 August 2022|language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 2023 | ''Castlevania: N'abalị'' | Drolta Tzuentes (olu) | Usoro eserese |} == Ntụaka == amara maka igwu egwu Hailey (AKA Autumn Night) na amara maka igwu eg == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb name|id=2917590|name=Elarica Johnson}} * Elarica Johnson on X {{DEFAULTSORT:Johnson, Elarica}} [[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] nsrdzi0n2djao2zf2mj5svxfjal9s34 0 49949 688352 200613 2026-07-17T15:31:55Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688352 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Usòrò:Cross River (Cameroon).jpg|thumb|Cross River]] Cross River (aha nna: Oyono ) [1] bụ isi osimiri dị na ndị na-ede ọmụmụ Naijiria wee nye aha ya na steeti Cross River .  Ọ akụkọ na [[Kameroon|Cameroon]], ebe ọ na-ewe aha Jikoro Manyu .  [2] Ọ bụ ebe na ọ ogologo oge site n'ụkpụrụ ndị Africa, njigide ya nwere nnukwu mmiri mmiri na ọ na-etolite nke ukwuu.  N'ime kilomita 80 (50 mi) n'oké osimiri, ọ na-agafe n'oké ike aptịta nke nwere ọtụtụ mmiri mmiri wee jide ebe dị n'ime ala dị nso na njikọ ya na nọrọ [[Calabar]], [3] ihe dị  ka 20 kilometers (12 mi) njọ na 50 kilometers (31 mi) ogologo n'etiti obodo Oron nke dị n'ụdị fim na-eme na Calabar, n'Ụdị isiokwu, ihe 30 kilometers (19 mi) site na oke osimiri.  Delta ahụ na-awụpụ n'ime nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri [4] nke ya na obere osimiri ole na ole na-eke mmetụta.  N'ọnụ ya n'Oké Stra Atlantic, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị 24 kilometers (15 mi) wide.  N'መቱ mmalite nke estuary dị na mba agbata obi Cameroon <ref>{{Cite web|date=2023-09-12|title=Cross River {{!}} Nigeria, Map, & Facts {{!}} Britannica|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Cross-River-state-Nigeria|accessdate=2023-09-29|work=www.britannica.com|language=en}}</ref> Isi iyi dị na Cross River bụ osimiri Aloma, nke si Benue steeti wee mkpa Cross River na steeti Cross River.  Eji Soro [[Ȯra Cross River|Cross River State]] na nnukwu okporo na steeti nwanne ya bụ Akwa Ibom .  Ebe dị n'etiti Oron na Calabar dị 21 kilometers (13 mi) n'akpa mmiri na ihe dịka 200 kilometers (120 mi) n'okporo ụzọ.  Ndị bi na Cross River dị ala na-ụgbọ mmiri na Calabar enweela nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri, n'ime osimiri Calabar ihe dịka 10 kilometers (6 mi) site na njikọ ya na Cross River na ihe dịka 55 kilometers (34 mi) site  n'oké osimiri.  Akwa akwa Itu dị na Cross River dị n'ụzọ okporo ụzọ Itu-Calabar, a na-akọkwa na ọ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị Gowon rụpụtara mgbe arụchara ya n'afọ 1975.. <ref>{{Cite web|author=admin|title=Major Rivers in Nigeria (Details and Pictures) – Sea Empowerment and Research|url=https://seaempowerment.org/?p=981|accessdate=2023-09-29|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-10-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20251009193603/http://seaempowerment.org/?p=981}}</ref> Cross River bụ oke oke n'etiti oke ọkụ abụọ na-ekpo ọkụ : oke ike Cross-Niger, nke dị n'ịdị njikere ike nke osimiri dị n'etiti Cross River na Niger, na Char Cross-Sanaga-Bioko, nke dị  n'atụrụndụ n'etiti osimiri.  Cross River na Sanaga River nke Cameroon.  Nkezi mmiri ozuzo kwa awụ na-adịgasị iche site na 1,760 mm n'ụdị ugwu nke steeti ahụ ruo 3,100 mm na mpaghara ndịda (WSSSRP II 2016). <ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954|title=Flood vulnerability assessment of the upper Cross River basin using morphometric analysis|author=Nkpa M.|first=Ogarekpe|journal=Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk|date=23 Jul 2020|volume=11|pages=1378–1403|doi=10.1080/19475705.2020.1785954}}</ref> Cross River na-azụ aha ya n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba na aha .<ref>{{Cite web|title=Brief History of Cross River National Park|url=https://www.traveldigest.com.ng/index.php/travel-and-tourism-events/item/664-brief-history-of-cross-river-national-park|accessdate=2023-09-29|work=www.traveldigest.com.ng|language=en-gb|archivedate=2024-07-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240727035559/https://www.traveldigest.com.ng/index.php/travel-and-tourism-events/item/664-brief-history-of-cross-river-national-park}}</ref> [[Usòrò:Cross River state contingent.jpg|thumb|Ndị agha Cross River steeti]] mgbaàmà Cross River dị mkpa ihe mere eme, ịbụ a) n'ime ala nna nke ndị na-asụ Bantu si kwaga n'ọtụtụ mpaghara Sub-Saharan Africa afọ 3000–5000 gara aga, b) ebe e Script Nsibidi,  na c.  ) ọnọdụ Calabar, otu n'ime nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ n'oge ahia ohu nke Atlantic <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Bantu Migration {{!}} World Civilization|url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-bantu-migration/|accessdate=2023-09-29|work=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref> == Mmetọ == N'ime ọnwa ole na ole a na-enyocha ya, a chọpụtara ígwè, manganese, lead, arsenic, na chromium n'ime mmiri na ọkwa dị ize ndụ maka ịṅụ mmanya; ya mere, e jiri ọla ndị a dị arọ metọọ mmiri ahụ, a pụghịkwa ịdabere na ya ijere ndị Naijiria mmiri a na-aṅụ. == Ntụaka == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090624072650/http://www.nigeriantourism.com/cross-rivers.htm Nigerian Tourism, Cross Rivers State] * [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2867817/ Obere ihe dị iche iche nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị ka ihe nrịbama na-enweghị atụ tụlere n'ihu oke asụsụ dị iche iche na ndị bi na mpaghara Cross River nke Nigeria.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/19991023140023/http://www.library.cornell.edu/africana/Writing_Systems/Nsibidi.html Nsibidi Script] [[Òtù:Ȯra Cross River]] t639mv1pb3uki0ekuluahqf90ete4qg 0 54617 688414 364581 2026-07-18T10:27:21Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688414 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Databox}} Iwa Akwa ma ọ bụ Ememme Aju nke a mmetụta ị dị ka Uwe Uwe bụ emume ọdịnala nke Ndị Igbo na-eme iji gosi na nwata nwoke nwoke.[1][2]  Ememe Iwa Akwa bụ emume a na-eme ugboro atọ na Obowo, Ihitte / Uboma, Ehime Mbano, Ahiazu Mbaise mpaghara otu nke Steeti Imo na Naịjirị.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=How Igbo cultural festival drives development in local communities|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/how-igbo-cultural-festival-drives-development-in-local-communities/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://thenationonlineng.net/how-igbo-cultural-festival-drives-development-in-local-communities/ "How Igbo cultural festival drives development in local communities"].</cite></ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ememme Iwa Akwa bụ akụkụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie nke Igbo. Onye ọ bụla nwụrụ n'emeghị ememe ahụ ga-ewere ya dị ka nwatakịrị ma lie ya n'otu ụbọchị dịka nwatakịrị.<ref name=":2"/> == Usoro mmalite == === Nzọụkwụ Nnyocha === Ndị obodo ahụ ga- ụmụ nwoke ga-ekere òkè na manzon ahụ.  A ga-akpa nke ụmụ nwoke, nne ụmụ nwoke na nna ụmụ nwoke.  [1] Ụmụ nwoke ahụ kwesịrị agbata afọ 21 na 26, nne ahụ ga-alụ di ma bụrụ onye obodo maara na nna ahụ, usoro ahụ..<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|author=Onyeakagbu|first=Adaobi|date=2022-01-11|title=Iwa Akwa: Understanding the culture behind the Igbo rites-of-passage ceremony|url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/iwa-akwa-understanding-the-culture-behind-the-igbo-rites-of-passage-ceremony/9rdkfn8|accessdate=2024-08-23|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en|archivedate=2024-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240502130338/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/iwa-akwa-understanding-the-culture-behind-the-igbo-rites-of-passage-ceremony/9rdkfn8}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFOnyeakagbu2022">Onyeakagbu, Adaobi (2022-01-11). [https://web.archive.org/web/20240502130338/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/food-travel/iwa-akwa-understanding-the-culture-behind-the-igbo-rites-of-passage-ceremony/9rdkfn8 "Iwa Akwa: Understanding the culture behind the Igbo rites-of-passage ceremony"]. ''Pulse Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-23</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Nzọụkwụ Nkwadebe === Mgbe emechara nyocha ahụ, ezinụlọ ndị sonyere na-aga ahịa ịzụta uwe dị mma nke a ga-eji mee ihe maka mmalite ahụ ma hụkwa na ebe oriri ahụ dị njikere maka ndị ọbịa.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|author=Shalom|first=Ankrah|date=2023-06-23|title="From boys to men": Iwa Akwa, an age-grade initiation in Igbo land|url=https://www.legit.ng/people/1540865-iwa-akwa-age-grade-initiation-igbo-land-how-done/|accessdate=2024-08-23|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en|archivedate=2024-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240823211113/https://www.legit.ng/people/1540865-iwa-akwa-age-grade-initiation-igbo-land-how-done/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFShalom2023">Shalom, Ankrah (2023-06-23). . ''Legit.ng - Nigeria news''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-23</span></span>.</cite></ref><ref name=":1"/> === Nzọụkwụ Mmalite === Ndị ngwaọrụ ga-agba ọsọ nke ọma ihe ndị agadi nwoke usoro ahụ gwara ha.  A na-atụ anya na isiokwu ndị ahụ ga-agbasa wrapper n'ihu ụlọ ha iji ikike nke onye ndú ime echiche nke na-agagharị n'okporo ụzọ ámá.<ref name=":0"/><ref name=":1"/> == Ndụ mgbe mmalite gasịrị == A na-ewere nwoke ndị ikom dị ka ụmụ nwoke ma ha nwere ike iwere ọdịiche ma ọ bụ aha omenala ọ lara ọzọ na obodo ahụ.<ref name=":0"/> == Ihe odide == <references /> 22vjl311bew47fu24brpq0vd3kh9tpk 0 60404 688351 687980 2026-07-17T15:30:06Z Redaktor GLAM 23111 Higher resolution version of image 688351 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Four horns and craftsmen - Weigel (34134560).jpg|thumb|Zakaria]]   '''Zakaria 1''' bụ isi nke mbụ nke Akwụkwọ Zakariya na Baịbul Hibru[1] ma ọ bụ Agba Ochie nke Baịbụl Ndị Kraịst.[2][3][a] Akwụkwọ a nwere amụma ndị a na-ekwu na ọ bụ onye amụma Zakariya buru ha. Na Baịbụl Hibru ọ bụ otu n'ime akwụkwọ iri na abụọ nke Ndị Amụma ndị ntà. [4] Dị ka nke mbụ n'ime isi iri na anọ dị n'akwụkwọ ahụ, [1] isiakwụkwọ a bụ akụkụ nke ngalaba (nke a na-akpọ "Zekaraya nke Mbụ") nke nwere Zekaraya 1-8. [5] Ọ na-edekọ mmeghe nakwa abụọ mbụ n'ime ọhụụ asatọ onye amụma ahụ nwetara. [6] Ọhụụ ndị a bụ isi ihe na ihe kachasị iche n'akwụkwọ ahụ, nke nwere usoro edemede na ụdị̀dị a haziri ahazi, nke a hazụrụ n'usoro.[7] == Ihe odide == E dere ihe odide mbụ ahụ n'Asụsụ Hibru. E kewara isiakwụkwọ a n'amaokwu iri abụọ na otu na Bible Bekee.[b] E nwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche dị n'etiti isi na nọmba amaokwu nke isi a na Bible Bekee na n'ihe odide Hibru: [1] {| class="wikitable" !Bekee !Asụsụ Hibru |- |1:1-17 |1:1-16 |- |1:18-21 |2:1-4 |- |} Isiokwu a na-agbaso usoro nọmba a na-ahụkarị na nsụgharị Bible Bekee nke Ndị Kraịst, na nkọwa maka nọmba na nsụgharị Bible Hibru. st5jm2myuzsdte26wx0ne98bgr09y56 0 65576 688408 645392 2026-07-18T08:44:26Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eliane Ubalijoro''' bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị na onye isi nke Rwanda-Canada. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na mmepe na-adigide yana atụmatụ ahụike zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Eliane Ubalijoro - CIFOR-ICRAF Chief Executive Officer and ICRAF Director General (DG)|url=https://www.cifor-icraf.org/research-staff/G609-467-817-467-325/Eliane%20Ubalijoro/|accessdate=2025-08-17|work=CIFOR-ICRAF|language=en}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido na agụmakwụkwọ == A mụrụ ya na Rwanda na afọ 1972 <ref>{{Cite web|author=Tang|first=Ming Chun|date=2023-08-02|title=Éliane Ubalijoro: "The lungs of the planet are here in Africa"|url=https://thinklandscape.globallandscapesforum.org/62332/eliane-ubalijoro-the-lungs-of-the-planet-are-here-in-africa/|accessdate=2025-08-20|work=#ThinkLandscape|language=en-US}}</ref>.O nwetara PHD ya na Molecular Genetics na Mahadum McGill.<ref name=":0"/> O nwere nzụlite na Ọrụ ugbo na Molecular Genetics.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|title=Éliane Ubalijoro {{!}} CGIAR GENDER Impact Platform|url=https://gender.cgiar.org/experts/eliane-ubalijoro|accessdate=2025-08-20|work=CGIAR Gender Platform|language=en}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Ubalijoro na-eje ozi dị ka onye isi nchịkwa nke etiti maka [[International Forestry Reseacrh and World Agroforestry|International Forestry Research and World Agroforestry]] (CIFOR-ICRAF), na-emeso ihe ịma aka gburugburu ebe obibi, nchekwa nri n'ụwa niile na nkwụsi ike ihu igwe.<ref name=":0"/> Ubalijoro bụ nwanyị Africa mbụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ nyocha CGIAR .<ref>{{Cite web|title=News: CIFOR-ICRAF announces Dr Eliane Ubalijoro as Chief Executive Officer|url=https://www.globallandscapesforum.org/glf-news/cifor-icraf-announces-dr-eliane-ubalijoro-as-chief-executive-officer/|accessdate=2025-08-20|work=Global Landscapes Forum|language=en-US}}</ref>Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na-adịgide adịgide na Digital Age yana onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Canada maka ụwa n'ọdịnihu site na 2021 ruo Machị afọ 2023. N'otu ụlọ ọrụ biotechnology nke dabeere na Montreal, ọ bụ onye nduzi sayensị. Ubalijoro mekwara ụfọdụ ọrụ ndụmọdụ na Haiti na Africa gbasara mmepe akụ na ụba na-adịgide adịgide na-eto eto.<ref name=":1"/> Na kwa onye ndụmọdụ maka Innovation Partnership.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=DR ELIANE UBALIJORO|url=https://www.ducerefoundation.org/ducere-glf-member/dr-eliane-ubalijoro|accessdate=2025-08-20|work=Ducere Foundation|language=en-AU|archivedate=2025-08-22|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250822235838/https://www.ducerefoundation.org/ducere-glf-member/dr-eliane-ubalijoro}}</ref> Eliane Ubalijoro abụrụla Prọfesọ nke Omume maka Mmekọrịta ngalaba Ọha na eze na Mahadum McGill maka ọmụmụ ihe mmepe mba ụwa kemgbe afọ 2008.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Eliane Ubalijoro {{!}} Future Earth|url=https://futureearth.org/contacts/eliane-ubalijoro/|accessdate=2025-08-20|language=en-US}}</ref>Ọ na-eje ozi na Gates Foundation Grand Challenges in Global Health Phase 2 project dị ka onye njikwa ọrụ. Ọ bụbu onye enyemaka Prọfesọ na ngalaba nke Agriculture na Environmental Sciences na McGill.<ref name=":3"/> Na ọnwa Septemba afọ 2019 ọ sonyeere Global Open Data in Agriculture (GODAN) ebe ọ jere ozi dị ka osote onye isi nchịkwa nke mmemme.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-01-23|title=Eliane Ubalijoro – Next Einstein Forum|url=https://nef.org/fr/person/eliane-ubalijoro/|accessdate=2025-08-20|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2025-08-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250823002859/https://nef.org/fr/person/eliane-ubalijoro/}}</ref> === Ndị otu ama ama === * [https://gasp.world/ Global Alliance for a Sustainable Planet] (Onye otu Board Advisory mmetụta) <ref>{{Cite web|title=Éliane Ubalijoro|url=https://theclimatecenter.org/about/people/eliane-ubalijoro/|accessdate=2025-08-20|work=The Climate Center|language=en-US}}</ref> * Rwanda's National Science and Technology Council (onye otu)<ref name=":1"/> * Council ndụmọdụ Onye isi ala maka Onye isi ala Rwandan Paul Kagame (onye otu kemgbe 2007) * Otu ndị ọkachamara na ndụmọdụ gbasara COVID-19 emetụtara maka nyocha Genomics (onye otu) * Ọkachamara Global Community Bank na African Development Bank na atụmatụ nzaghachi COVID-19 (onye otu) * Capitals Coalition Supervisory Board (member) * Earth Leadership Program Advisory Board (member) * Advisory Boards of ShEquity and Orango Investment Corporation (member) * Boards of Genome Canada and the Crop Trust (member)<ref name=":2"/> * FemStep(member)<ref name=":3"/> == Ọrụ ama ama == Ọ bụ onye isi nchịkwa na onye guzobere C.L.E.A.R International Development Inc.<ref name=":3"/> == Nnabata == Ọ natara ihe nrite 2022 International Leadership Association maka omume pụtara ìhè na ụmụ nwanyị na onye ndu. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye otu ndị otu International Science Council na-asọpụrụ onyinye ya maka ịkwalite sayensị dịka ọhaneze zuru ụwa ọnụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Welcoming Dr. Éliane Ubalijoro|url=https://iufro2024.com/welcoming-dr-eliane-ubalijoro/|accessdate=2025-08-20|work=IUFRO Stockholm 2024|language=en-US}}</ref> == Akwụkwọ ahọpụtara == * {{Cite journal|author=Dufresne|first=Philippe J|date=1 September 2008|title=Arabidopsis thaliana class II poly (A)-binding proteins are required for efficient multiplication of turnip mosaic virus|journal=[[Journal of General Virology]]|volume=89|issue=9|pages=2339–2348|doi=10.1099/vir.0.2008/002139-0|pmid=18753244}} * {{Cite journal|author=Dufresne|first=Philippe J.|date=25 April 2008|title=Heat shock 70 protein interaction with Turnip mosaic virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase within virus-induced membrane vesicles|journal=Virology|volume=374|issue=1|pages=217–227|doi=10.1016/j.virol.2007.12.014|pmid=18222516}} == Edensibia == {{Reflist}}{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ubalijoro, Eliane}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] 1986i6wyc6jjix57ddduxr2lgl7uom6 0 72680 688354 621045 2026-07-17T16:14:19Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Célia Xakriabá | image = Liniker + Tulipa Ruiz (52188211872) (cropped).jpg | caption = Xakriabá in 2018 | office = Member of the [[Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)|Chamber of Deputies]] from [[Minas Gerais]] | term_start = 1 February 2023 | term_end = | constituency = [[At-large]] | birth_name = Célia Nunes Correa | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|5|9|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Itacarambi]],{{efn|At the time, Itacarambi was a district of the municipality of [[São João das Missões]].}} [[Minas Gerais]], Brazil | party = [[Socialism and Liberty Party|PSOL]] (2022–present) | alma_mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Federal University of Minas Gerais]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]]) * [[University of Brasília]] ([[Master of Science|MSc]]) }} | occupation = Educator, activist }} '''Célia Nunes Correa''' (amuru 9 Mee 1990), amara aha ya dika '''Célia Xakriabá''' , bụ onye nkuzi na onye na-akwado ndị Xakriabá nke Brazil. A maara ya nke ọma maka ịrụ ụka na nkuzi na mahadum dị na Brazil na-akwalite, tinyere ihe ndị ọzọ, ịkwalite ọnọdụ na ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị amaala, ikike ala ụmụ amaala, na agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ amaala. <ref name="g1">{{Cite web|title=Não é privilégio, é dívida histórica', diz professora indígena sobre demarcação de terras no Brasil|url=https://g1.globo.com/df/distrito-federal/noticia/nao-e-privilegio-e-divida-historica-diz-professora-indigena-sobre-demarcacao-de-terras-no-brasil.ghtml|first=Luiza|author=Garonce|work=[[G1 (website)|G1]]|date=27 March 2018|accessdate=27 July 2019|language=Portuguese}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title='Now belongs to us': Women take lead in Brazil's indigenous fight|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/belongs-women-lead-brazil-indigenous-fight-190425120740156.html|work=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]|first=Mia|author=Alberti|date=25 April 2019|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref> == Ndụ mbido == A mụrụ Xakriabá n'ime obodo São João das Missões na steeti Minas Gerais nke Brazil. Ọ gara akwụkwọ na Xukurnuk Indigenous State School. <ref name="coleguium">{{Cite web|title=Servidora indígena na Secretaria de Educação|url=https://coleguium.com.br/noticias/servidora-indigena-na-secretaria-de-educacao/|work=Coleguium: Rede de Ensino|accessdate=27 July 2019|language=Portuguese|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181211010146/https://coleguium.com.br/noticias/servidora-indigena-na-secretaria-de-educacao/|archivedate=11 December 2018}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, ọ gara ma kụzie agụmakwụkwọ ndị obodo na Mahadum Federal nke Minas Gerais na 2013. Site na 2016 gaa, Xakriabá nwetara nzere masta ya na agụmakwụkwọ na Mahadum Brasília na 2018. <ref name="correioweb">{{Cite web|title="Vivemos um momento de retrocesso", diz professora e ativista indígena Célia Xakriabá|url=http://sites.correioweb.com.br/app/noticia/encontro/revista/2018/06/06/interna_revista,4470/vivemos-um-momento-de-retrocesso-diz-professora-e-ativista-indigena.shtml|first=Julyerme|author=Darverson|work=Brasília Encontro|date=27 March 2018|accessdate=27 July 2019|language=Portuguese|archivedate=27 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727230905/http://sites.correioweb.com.br/app/noticia/encontro/revista/2018/06/06/interna_revista,4470/vivemos-um-momento-de-retrocesso-diz-professora-e-ativista-indigena.shtml}}</ref> Ọ bụ onye mbụ n'ebo ya nwetara nzere masta. <ref name="UnB">{{Cite web|title=UnB recebe estudantes com palestra de Célia Xakriabá|url=https://noticias.unb.br/publicacoes/112-extensao-e-comunidade/2426-unb-recebe-estudantes-com-palestra-de-celia-xakriaba|work=UnB Notícias|first=Nair|author=Rabelo|date=9 August 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|language=Portuguese}}</ref> Xakriabá abụrụla onye na-akwado ikike ndị obodo kemgbe ọ dị afọ iri na atọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Women Take the Lead in the Fight for Indigenous Rights in Brazil|url=https://givingcompass.org/article/women-take-the-lead-in-the-fight-for-indigenous-rights-in-brazil/|work=Giving Compass|date=10 June 2019|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref> == Ọrụ == [[Faịlụ:-inspiraUnB_-_2º_2018_(44072636851).jpg|thumb|240x240px|Xakriabá na-ekwu okwu na Mahadum Brasília {{Érèkọbalà|in 2018}}]] === Ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ === Na 2015, Xakriabá ghọrọ onye mbụ si n'agbụrụ ụmụ amaala Brazil nọchitere anya ụmụ amaala Brazil na Ngalaba Mmụta Minas Gerais. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Primeira indígena na Secretaria de Educação de Minas Gerais faz panorama do papel da mulher na defesa dos povos indígenas|url=http://apib.info/2018/03/26/primeira-indigena-na-secretaria-de-educacao-de-minas-gerais-faz-panorama-do-papel-da-mulher-na-defesa-dos-povos-indigenas/|work=APIB|language=Portuguese|date=26 March 2018|accessdate=28 July 2019|archivedate=28 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728115735/http://apib.info/2018/03/26/primeira-indigena-na-secretaria-de-educacao-de-minas-gerais-faz-panorama-do-papel-da-mulher-na-defesa-dos-povos-indigenas/}}</ref> O jisiri ọkwa ahụ site na 2015 ruo 2017. Xakriabá na-ekwu na agụmakwụkwọ ndị ntorobịa si n'agbụrụ Brazil na-enweta ezughi oke n'ihi na ọ naghị akụziri ha ikike ha nwere n'ala na akụkọ ihe mere eme ha. <ref name="hoje">{{Cite web|title=Representante de indígenas na Educação defende modelo diferenciado de aprendizagem|url=https://www.hojeemdia.com.br/mais/representante-de-ind%C3%ADgenas-na-educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-defende-modelo-diferenciado-de-aprendizagem-1.543666/c%C3%A9lia-xakriab%C3%A1-1.543667|work=Hoje Em dia|first=Malú|author=Damázio|date=17 July 2017|accessdate=27 July 2019|language=Portuguese}}</ref> O kwukwara na n'agbụrụ ọdịda anyanwụ, ihe ọmụma niile sitere n'aka onye nkuzi, mana na n'agbụrụ ụmụ amaala, onye ọ bụla na-eweta ihe ọmụma ịkọrọ. <ref name="hoje" /> Kemgbe afọ 2017, Xakriabá ekwuola okwu n'ọtụtụ ogbako na arụmụka na mahadum dị iche iche dị na Brazil nke lekwasịrị anya n'ikike ndị obodo, dịka ịkwalite agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ amaala, na ịgba ume ka asụsụ obodo dịghachi ndụ na Brazil. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Líder indígena defende preservação cultural de povos tradicionais|url=https://noticias.unb.br/publicacoes/112-extensao-e-comunidade/2172-lider-indigena-defende-preservacao-cultural-de-povos-tradicionais%26xid%3D17259%2C15700022%2C15700186%2C15700190%2C15700256%2C15700259%2C15700262%2C15700265%26usg%3DALkJrhgM5lYitimowzjHGJ3Q6Phz0Zk5jw|work=UnB Notícias|first=Guilherme|author=Alves|date=28 March 2018|accessdate=29 July 2019|language=Portuguese|archivedate=29 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729181449/https://noticias.unb.br/publicacoes/112-extensao-e-comunidade/2172-lider-indigena-defende-preservacao-cultural-de-povos-tradicionais%26xid%3D17259%2C15700022%2C15700186%2C15700190%2C15700256%2C15700259%2C15700262%2C15700265%26usg%3DALkJrhgM5lYitimowzjHGJ3Q6Phz0Zk5jw}}</ref> === Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị === Xakriabá megidere iwu e mere n'Ụlọ Omeiwu Minas Gerais nke ga-amachibido ndị ọkà okwu iyi okpu isi ma ọ bụ uwe "ndị na-adịghị mma". O kwuru na ebumnuche iwu a bụ igbochi ndị na-asụ asụsụ obodo ịhụ ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|title=A quem interessa barrar o uso de um cocar?|url=https://bhaz.com.br/2019/04/18/gabinetona-a-quem-interessa-barrar-o-uso-de-um-cocar/|first=Cida|author=Falabella|publisher=BHAZ|work=Gabinetona|date=18 April 2019|accessdate=27 July 2019|language=Portuguese|archivedate=27 July 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727232417/https://bhaz.com.br/2019/04/18/gabinetona-a-quem-interessa-barrar-o-uso-de-um-cocar/}}</ref> Na Febụwarị 2019, ọ sonyeere bọọdụ ndụmọdụ maka onye nnọchi anya Socialism na Liberty Party, Áurea Carolina si Minas Gerais. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ms-my.facebook.com/aureacarolina/videos/382975662535104/?video_source=permalink|title=Áurea Carolina - Respeito à cultura indígena (Video)|work=[[Facebook]]|date=19 April 2019|accessdate=27 July 2019|language=Portuguese}}</ref> na ntuli aka izugbe nke 2022, Xakriabá ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ si Minas Gerais nke a họpụtara na Federal Congress. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Célia Xakriabá|url=https://www.camara.leg.br/deputados/206018|publisher=Câmara dos Deputados|accessdate=27 May 2023|language=pt}}</ref> <ref name="Sumaúma">{{Cite news|author=Leite|first=Letícia|title=Célia Xakriabá: "Congress will no longer be gray. It will be the same color as us, the color of genipap and annatto"|url=https://sumauma.com/en/celia-xakriaba-o-congresso-nao-vai-mais-ser-cinza-ele-vai-ter-a-nossa-cor-jenipapo-e-urucum/|accessdate=27 May 2023|work=Sumaúma|date=10 January 2023}}</ref> == Echiche == Xakriabá na-arụ ụka na agụmakwụkwọ Brazil nke oge a anaghị eme nke ọma inyocha akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị pere mpe dịka ndị Brazil na ndị Africa, nke o kwuru na ọ na-eme ka ndị a nwee mmetụta nkewa na akụkọ ihe mere eme na nna nna ha. Xakriabá na-ekwu na agụmakwụkwọ maka ndị ntorobịa Brazil bụ ndị obodo ga-eme ka njikọ dị n'etiti ala nna nna ha na ihe nketa ha, njirimara ha, na mmụọ ha. Xakriabá bụkwa onye na-akatọ idebe ezumike kalenda Gregorian na agụmakwụkwọ Brazil, na-ekwu na ezumike ọdịda anyanwụ na nke Ndị Kraịst enweghị ihe ọ bụla dị mkpa maka ndị Brazil bụ ndị obodo. O kwuru na enweghị ụmụ nwanyị Brazil n'ọkwa ọchịchị, n'ozuzu ya, karịsịa ụmụ nwanyị obodo, metụtara ọchịchị ndị mba ọzọ na ụkpụrụ ndị ọdịda anyanwụ. Xakriabá kwuru na enweghị nnọchiteanya ụmụ nwanyị bụ otu n'ime ihe kpatara ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị obodo na Brazil. Dịka ya si kwuo, mmetụta ụmụ nwanyị na-ebelatakwa site n'ụzọ ụlọ akwụkwọ Brazil si egosipụta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ọchịchị obodo, nke na-eme ka obodo obodo yie ihe ochie na nke nna ochie karịa ihe o chere na ha bụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Juventude indígena - Célia Xakriabá|url=http://www.futuraplay.org/video/juventude-indigena-celia-xakriaba/342425/|work=Futura Play|publisher=[[Futura (TV channel)|Canal Futura]]|language=Portuguese|date=2017|accessdate=27 July 2019}}</ref> Xakriabá kwuru na usoro ndị ọchịchị nke igbu ọchụ na ịkpa ókè agbụrụ na-amalite site n'igbu ndị obodo ahụ, wee bibie njirimara ndị obodo ahụ, na n'ikpeazụ, ibibi ihe ọmụma ndị obodo ahụ. <ref name="cineop">{{Cite web|title=Cineop: Célia Xakriabá em defesa do cinema indígena|url=https://culturadoria.com.br/celia-xakriaba-na-cineop/|first=Carol|author=Braga|work=culturadoria|date=8 June 2018|accessdate=27 July 2019|language=Portuguese}}</ref> Xakriabá agbachitere sinima ndị obodo ahụ duziri ma mepụta, na-ekwu na ọ na-akwalite ihe ọmụma obodo. Ọ na-akatọ amụma gọọmentị [[Jair Bolsonaro]] nke ukwuu, na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe nketa nke ike ọchịchị ndị ọcha na mgbukpọ agbụrụ nke ndị obodo sitere na ọchịchị ndị ọchịchị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=A ditadura da supremacia branca e o genocídio indígena|url=http://midianinja.org/colunistaninja/celia-xakriaba-a-ditadura-da-supremacia-branca-e-o-genocidio-indigena/|first=Célia|author=Xakriabá|work=Mídia Ninja|language=Portuguese|date=26 March 2019|accessdate=27 July 2019}}</ref> N'oge ntuli aka nke 2018, Xakriabá sonyere na ngagharị iwe megide Bolsonaro na São Paulo . <ref>{{Cite news|title=Echoes of White House: Far-right Trump fan wins first round in divided Brazil|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/south-america/echoes-of-white-house-far-right-trump-fan-wins-first-round-in-divided-brazil-20181008-p508b1.html|work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]|first=Anthony|author=Faiola|date=8 October 2018|accessdate=28 July 2019}}</ref> == Ihe ndetu == == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9nwujt055c8hczo137dfecmksn3vgl9 0 76151 688404 674607 2026-07-18T07:23:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:EGEJURU GODSLOVE UKWUOMA.jpg|thumb|EGEJURU GODSLOVE]] '''Egejuru Godslove''' {{Audio|Ig-Egejuru Godslove Ukwuoma.ogg|Listen}} (amụrụ na Disemba 4, 1986, na Lagos) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ Naịjirịa nke na-agba bọọlụ ugbu a maka Dunaújváros PASE. == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140403182012/http://www.hlsz.hu/index.php?tid=7&Jatekos=hPLf_fd5a731 Profaịlụ onye egwuregwu na HLSZ] (n'asụsụ Hungarian) [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] pgg2axuzg0l4sslhw8knv6hr5jegf0v 0 76405 688357 688334 2026-07-17T17:39:27Z Neme244 16387 added reference 688357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} Blessings bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 2024 nke onye edemede Naijiria bụ Chukwuebuka Ibeh dere. Ọ bụ Penguin Random House's Viking Books imprint bipụtara ya na 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/454618/blessings-by-ibeh-chukwuebuka/9780241618257|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} Blessings|work=Penguin Books Ltd}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=22-Year-Old Chukwuebuka Ibeh’s Debut Novel Blessings Will Be Published By Viking in 2024|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2022/11/22-year-old-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-blessings-will-be-published-by-viking-in-2024/|date=1 November 2022|accessdate=14 October 2024|work=[[Brittle Paper]]|language=en-US}}</ref> == Nchịkọta atụmatụ == Obiefuna bụ nwa mbụ nke nne na nna ya. N'ịbụ onye nne ya lere anya dị ka ngọzi nye ezinụlọ ahụ, ndụ ya gbanwere nke ukwuu mgbe onye na-amụ ọrụ nke nna ya bịara soro ha biri. Aboy batara n'ụlọ ma teta na Obiefuna, mmetụta ọ na-amaghị na o nwere. Mgbe nna ya hụrụ ha ka ha nọ n'ọnọdụ na-egosi mmekọrịta chiri anya, o zigara Obiefuna na ụlọ akwụkwo obibi , ma chụpụ Aboy n'ụlọ. Site n'ịgafe ọtụtụ nsogbu na ule dị iche iche, Obiefuna mechara chọpụta onye ọ bụ n'ezie n'akụkọ a dị ịrịba ama banyere ịchọpụta onwe mmadụ. == Onye dere ya == A mụrụ Chukwuebuka Ibeh na Port Harcourt, Naijiria, n'afọ 2000.<ref name="Bidisha">{{Cite news|author=Mamata|first=Bidisha|authorlink=Bidisha Mamata|date=2024-03-03|title=Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh review – when a clinch is a crime|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2024/mar/03/blessings-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh-review-when-a-clinch-is-a|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=The Observer|language=en-GB}}</ref> Ọ na-agbaso nzere MFA ugbu a na Mahadum Washington na St. Louis, Missouri . <ref name="Ghosh">{{Cite web|title=Chukwuebuka Ibeh's Forthcoming Novel Secures Film Agent and 4 International Book Deals|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/05/brittle-paper-alumnus-chukwuebuka-ibehs-debut-novel-secures-film-agent-and-u-s-canada-german-and-spanish-book-deals/|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=18 May 2023|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com}}</ref> Ihe odide ya, nke Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie kọwara dị ka "na-ahụ ihe nke ọma nke ukwuu...... ma juputara n'agụụ maka oge gara aga", apụtawo na McSweeney's Quarterly Review, The New England Review of Books, Dappled Things.<ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2019|title=Purple Hibiscus Literary Evening Event with Chimamanda Adichie|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dc9ujmTiSG8&t=1319s|accessdate=2024-03-21|publisher=Brittle Paper|language=English}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021|url=https://store.mcsweeneys.net/products/mcsweeney-s-issue-56|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=McSweeney's|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mary, Queen of Angels 2021|url=https://www.dappledthings.org/store/p/mary-queen-of-angels|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Dappled Things|language=en-US}}</ref> na ''Lolwe''.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Lolwe|date=2020-05-18|title=The Ache of Longing - Chukwuebuka Ibeh|url=https://lolwe.org/the-ache-of-longing/|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Lolwe|language=en-US}}</ref> N'afọ 2019, Electric Literature kpọrọ ya otu n'ime "Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction".<ref>{{Cite web|author=Zimmerman|first=Jess|date=2019-07-11|title=Meet the Most Promising New Voices of Nigerian Fiction|url=https://electricliterature.com/meet-the-most-promising-new-voices-of-nigerian-fiction/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=Electric Literature|language=en-US}}</ref> == Mmepe na mbipụta == Viking Books kwupụtara nnweta ya nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ "ọrụ ebube" nke Ibeh n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2022. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Viking scoops 'miraculous' début by Ibeh in exclusive submission|url=https://www.thebookseller.com/rights/viking-scoops-miraculous-debut-by-ibeh-in-exclusive-submission|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=[[The Bookseller]]|language=En|date=31 October 2022|first=Sian|author=Bayley}}</ref> Na Mee 2023, otu afọ tupu ewepụta akwụkwọ ahụ, e rere ikike ihe nkiri ahụ na The Artists Partnership, ụlọ ọrụ talent nke dị na London. N'otu ọnwa ahụ, Ibeh nyere TEDx Talk nke akpọrọ "What Are African Values?" nke e nyere na TEDxWUSTL na St Louis, Missouri.<ref>{{Citation |title=What Are African Values? {{!}} Chukwuebuka Ibeh {{!}} TEDxWUSTL | date=26 May 2023 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ygiaRURMPnk |access-date=2024-03-21 |language=en}}</ref> == Nnakwere == A nabatara ''Blessings'' dị mma, gụnyere ndụmọdụ ọha na eze site n'aka Zadie Smith.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Debut Novel Zadie Smith Wants Everyone to Read: Blessings by Chukwuebuka Ibeh|url=https://brittlepaper.com/2023/09/the-debut-novel-zadie-smith-wants-everyone-to-read-blessing-by-chukwuebuka-ibeh/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=brittlepaper.com|first=Kuhelika|author=Ghosh|date=25 September 2023}}</ref> Na ''The New York Times'', Joshua Barone toro akụkọ ahụ, na-akọwa ya dị ka "ihe na-ekpughe ma ọ bụ nke a na-edozighị edozi, nke dị mfe ma na-enwe ọtụtụ ụda, nke nwere olileanya ma jupụtara na obi mgbawa. " Nnyocha kpakpando ise na The Telegraph kpọrọ ya "nkatọ amamihe e ji agụmagụ mee megide iwu Naịjirịa na-emegide mmekọahụ nwoke na nwoke ". <ref>{{Cite news|author=Barone|first=Joshua|date=2024-06-04|title=A Queer Coming-of-Age Tale, Set in a Brutal Anti-Gay World|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/06/04/books/review/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh.html|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=The New York Times|language=en-US}}</ref> The Observer kọwara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ dị ka "akụkọ na-emetụ n'ahụ nke nwa okorobịa Naijiria nwere nkà ma nwee mmetụta,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Waters |first=Katherine |date=2024-02-07 |title=A smart literary attack on Nigeria's anti-gay laws |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/review-blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh/ |access-date=2024-03-21 |newspaper=The Telegraph |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}}</ref> Obiefuna, onye nna ya na-emetụta ya n'ikpeazụ".<ref>{{Cite news|author=Waters|first=Katherine|date=2024-02-07|title=A smart literary attack on Nigeria's anti-gay laws|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/books/what-to-read/review-blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=The Telegraph|language=en-GB}}</ref> Buzz Magazine kpọrọ ya "nnyocha miri emi nke njirimara na nnabata. " The Sunday Times kpọrọ ya "ihe izizi na-akpali akpali banyere ịhụnanya na owu ọmụma". <ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=2024-03-14|title=BLESSINGS: a profound exploration of identity and acceptance|url=https://www.buzzmag.co.uk/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh-book-review/|accessdate=2024-03-21|work=Buzz Magazine|language=en-GB}}</ref> N'ime nyocha na-adịchaghị mkpali, The Times Literary Supplement toro akwụkwọ ahụ maka "ihe nkiri ndị a rụrụ nke ọma", ka ọ na-ekwu na ọ na-atụ anya "ihe ngosi doro anya nke obodo ahụ na ndị Port Harcourt".<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/blessings-chukwuebuka-ibeh-book-review-estelle-shirbon/|title=Magic and terror – Same-sex love in a hostile Nigeria|first=Estelle|author=Shirbon|work=TLS|date=March 1, 2024}}</ref> E depụtara Blessings maka onyinye edemede Wilbur Smith Adventure nke afọ 2024. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Digital|first=Make|date=2024-04-30|title=2024 Longlist|url=https://www.wilbur-niso-smithfoundation.org/index.php/awards/best-published-novel-2019/2024-longlist|accessdate=2024-05-01|work=Wilbur & Niso Smith Foundation|language=en}}</ref> Akwụkwọ ahụ so na ndepụta ''Esquire'' nke akwụkwọ ndị a tụrụ aro na 2024 . <ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-05-01|title=The Biggest Books Landing on Your Reading List in 2024|first=Henry|author=Wong|url=https://www.esquire.com/uk/culture/g46199447/best-books-2024/|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=Esquire|language=en-GB}}</ref> USA Today kpọrọ ya n'etiti "akwụkwọ kachasị mma nke ndị edemede ojii". <ref>{{Cite web|author=Mangino|first=Samantha|title=These are some of the best books by Black authors to read in 2024|url=https://reviewed.usatoday.com/lifestyle/features/books-black-authors-2024|date=23 February 2024|accessdate=2024-06-08|work=Reviewed|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} <references /> a6pdg2o8k2xedzctxrk7zqzq99gyq10 0 76531 688353 654160 2026-07-17T16:00:10Z Neme244 16387 added Databox and reference 688353 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}   And Then He Sang a Lullaby bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nke 2023 nke onye edemede Naijiria na onye na-eme ihe ike [[Ani Kayode Somtochukwu]] dere. E bipụtara ya dị ka aha izizi nke Roxane Gay Books nke Grove Press, akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-agbaso ụmụ okorobịa Naijiria abụọ, August na Segun, ka ha na-agagharị n'ịhụnanya, njirimara, na homophobia na Naijiria nke oge a. A na-eto ọrụ ahụ maka ngosipụta ya nke ndụ queer na Naijiria ma nata ihe nrite Gold nke 2023 Foreword INDIES maka akụkọ ifo. <ref>{{Cite web|title="And Then He Sang a Lullaby" is a 2023 Foreword INDIES Winner|work=Foreword Reviews|date=6 June 2023|url=https://www.forewordreviews.com/awards/books/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga == Ani Kayode Somtochukwu bụ onye Naịjirịa na-ede uri, edemede, ma bụrụkwa onye na-akwado ikike ndị queer. Ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ o dere, e dekwara ya dịka nzaghachi nye nsogbu mmekọrịta ọha na eze na nke iwu ndị LGBTQ na-eche ihu na Naịjirịa. Akụkọ a mere n'oge gbara gburugburu mmejuputa Iwu Mgbochi Alụmdi na Nwunye N'etiti Ndị Otu Nwoke ma ọ bụ Otu Nwanyị (Mmachibido Iwu) Act 2013, nke mere ka mmachi megide mmekọrịta ịhụnanya n'etiti ndị otu nwoke na nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị na nwanyị, nakwa mgba maka ikike ndị LGBTQ, sie ike karịa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby |url=https://groveatlantic.com/book/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |website=Grove Atlantic |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Report |first=The Africa |date=26 May 2023 |title=Nigeria: Cassava Republic presents ‘And Then He Sang a Lullaby’ |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/310708/nigeria-cassava-republic-presents-and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |website=The Africa Report |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2026 |title=Narrative Landscape Press Makes Two Major Acquisitions! |url=https://brittlepaper.com/2026/02/narrative-landscape-press-makes-two-major-acquisitions/ |access-date=3 June 2026 |website=Brittle Paper |language=en-US |archive-date=3 February 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260203094015/https://brittlepaper.com/2026/02/narrative-landscape-press-makes-two-major-acquisitions/ |url-status=live}}</ref> == Atụmatụ == Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-agbanwe n'etiti echiche nke August na Segun. August, nwa akwụkwọ mahadum si [[Enụgwụ|Enugu]], na-alụ ọgụ na obi amamikpe maka ọnwụ nne ya n'oge ọ na-amụ nwa na atụmanya ndị ezinụlọ ya nyere ya. Ọ bụ ezie na ụmụ nwoke na-adọrọ mmasị ya, ọ na-egbochi mmekọahụ ya n'ihi nkwenkwe okpukpe, nrụgide ezinụlọ, na egwu nke ịjụ ọha na eze. N'ụzọ dị iche, Segun na-ekwuputa nke ọma gbasara mmasị mmekọahụ ya n'agbanyeghị na ọ na-eche ihu mmegbu, ime ihe ike, na ịkpa ókè. Nne ya, onye na-agba mbọ maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'ahụ ya, ma nke a mere ka ọ bụrụ onye na-ekwu okwu n'ezoghị ọnụ megide ikpe na-ezighị ezi. Mgbe ha abụọ zutere na mahadum, ha malitere mmekọrịta ịhụnanya ọbụna na iwu na-emegide nwoke idina nwoke. == Nnakwere == Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma site n'aka ndị nkatọ akwụkwọ. Publishers Weekly kpọrọ ya "akụkọ ịhụnanya na-ezighi ezi ma na-adọrọ mmasị" ma mee ka ọ pụta ìhè na mmetụta uche ya na izi ezi ya.<ref>{{Cite web|title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby by Ani Kayode|work=[[Publishers Weekly]]|url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/9780802160751|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> Ali Ortiz nke Foreword Reviews dere na ọ "na-ajụ ịhụnanya, nzuzo, na mgbanwe na Naịjirịa" ma too ngosipụta ya nke mmetụta nke okpukpe, ọdịnala, na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ndụ ndị queer .<ref>{{Cite web|title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby|url=https://www.forewordreviews.com/reviews/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/|work=Foreword Reviews|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> == Ihe nrite == * 2023 Okwu mbido INDIES Award maka akụkọ ifo * Ihe nrite Edmund White maka akụkọ ifo mbụ <ref>{{Cite web|author=Davidson|first=Ruth|title=And Then He Sang a Lullaby by Ani Kayode Somtochukwu|work=Foyles|date=17 August 2025|url=https://www.foyles.co.uk/book/and-then-he-sang-a-lullaby/ani-kayode-somtochukwu/9781804710197|accessdate=4 June 2026}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Albanese |first=Andrew |date=18 April 2024 |title=Helen Elaine Lee, Joseph Plaster Among 2024 Publishing Triangle Award Winners |url=https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/awards-and-prizes/article/94849-helen-elaine-lee-joseph-plaster-among-2024-publishing-triangle-award-winners.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240515222113/https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/awards-and-prizes/article/94849-helen-elaine-lee-joseph-plaster-among-2024-publishing-triangle-award-winners.html |archive-date=15 May 2024 |access-date=20 May 2024 |website=[[Publishers Weekly]] |language=en}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} qigilihqbvsk2h7hxuzeialvu806kpj 0 76533 688359 654188 2026-07-17T18:10:57Z Neme244 16387 added reference 688359 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox vevent" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;" |Clarissa |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Nke onye nduzi | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Arie Esiri * Chuko Esiri </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Edere ya | class="infobox-data" |Chuko Esiri |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Dabere na | class="infobox-data" |<div class="template-based-on">''Oriakụ Dalloway'' Virginia Woolf<br /></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Mepụtara site na | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Arie Esiri * Chuko Esiri * Ogige Ntụrụndụ Theresa * Nicholas Weinstock </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Onye na-eme ihe nkiri | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Sophie Okonedo * India Amarteifio * Ayo Edebiri * Toheeb Jimoh * [[Nikki Amuka-Bird]] * [[David Oyelowo]] </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Ihe nkiri | class="infobox-data" |Jonathan Bloom |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Edere site na | class="infobox-data" |Blair McClendon |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Egwú site na | class="infobox-data" |Kelsey Lu |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta<br /></div> | class="infobox-data" |<div style="vertical-align: middle;"><templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * Per Capita Productions * Ụlọ Ọrụ Invention </div></div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Nke e kesara site na | class="infobox-data" |Neon (United States) |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Ụbọchị a tọhapụrụ ya</div> | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist film-date"> * Mee 16, 2026 <span style="display: none;"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2026-05-16</span>)&nbsp;</span> (Cannes) &nbsp;&nbsp;&#x20; </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Oge ịgba ọsọ</div> | class="infobox-data" |125 nkeji |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Mba | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Plainlist/styles.css" /><div class="plainlist"> * United States * Naịjirịa * Ijipt </div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;" |Asụsụ | class="infobox-data" |Bekee |} '''''Clarissa''''' bụ ihe nkiri nke 2026 nke Arie Esiri na Chuko Esiri duziri ma mepụta. Ihe nkiri a bụ ihe ngosi nke oge a nke akwụkwọ akụkọ 1925 Mrs Dalloway nke Virginia Woolf, nke e mere na Lagos, Nigeria. Ndị na-eme ya bụ Sophie Okonedo, India Amarteifio, Ayo Edebiri, Toheeb Jimoh, [[Nikki Amuka-Bird]], na [[David Oyelowo]]. Ihe nkiri ahụ gosipụtara n'ụwa niile na ngalaba Directors' Fortnight nke 2026 Cannes Film Festival na Mee 16, ebe a họpụtara ya maka Queer Palm. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Clarissa|url=https://www.quinzaine-cineastes.fr/en/film/clarissa|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=Quinzaine des cinéastes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Queer Palm - Festival de Cannes|url=https://queerpalm.org/|accessdate=2026-05-26|work=queerpalm.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Neon Sets Release Date for Esiri Twins' Lagos-Set 'Mrs. Dalloway' Reimagining 'Clarissa'|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|first=Clayton|last=Davis|date=July 1, 2026|access-date=July 1, 2026|url=https://variety.com/2026/film/awards/neon-clarissa-release-date-sophie-okonedo-mrs-dolloway-1236799702/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarissa |url=https://www.quinzaine-cineastes.fr/en/film/clarissa |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=Quinzaine des cinéastes |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Queer Palm - Festival de Cannes |url=https://queerpalm.org/ |access-date=2026-05-26 |website=queerpalm.org}}</ref> == Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri == * Sophie Okonedo dị ka Clarissa India Amarteifio dị ka Clarisa na-eto eto ** India Amarteifio dị ka Clarissa na-eto eto * [[Nikki Amuka-Bird]] dị ka Sally, enyi Clarissa bụ ** Ayo Edebiri dị ka Sally na-eto eto * [[David Oyelowo]] dị ka Peter, onye bụbu onye Clarissa hụrụ n'anya ** Toheeb Jimoh dị ka Peter na-eto eto * Fortune Nwafor dị ka Septimus, onye agha nwere mmerụ ahụ * [[Modesinuola Ogundiwin]] dị ka Aisha, nwunye Septimus * Jude Akuwudike dị ka Richard, di Clarissa ** Ogranya dị ka Richard na-eto eto * Danny Sapani dị ka Ugo, enyi Clarissa Kehinde Cardoso dị ka Uago na-eto eto ** Kehinde Cardoso dị ka Ugo na-eto eto * Ụtọgbụgba Sọnde Dị ka Ntụkwasị Obi * [[Joke Silva]] dị ka Lady Maryam, onye isi Ugo == Mmepụta == N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021, ụmụnne ejima na-eme ihe nkiri, Arie na Chuko Esiri, kwupụtara na ha na-arụ ọrụ n'ịmepụta ụdị ọhụrụ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Mrs Dalloway'' nke Virginia Woolf dere na afọ 1925, ma tinye akụkọ ahụ n'oge a na Lagos, Naịjirịa.Chuko dere edemede ihe nkiri ahụ, ebe ya na nwanne ya Arie rụkwara ọrụ dịka ndị nrụpụta na ndị nduzi. Theresa Park nke Per Capita Productions na Nicholas Weinstock nke Invention Studios sonyere n'òtù mmepụta ihe nkiri ahụ.<ref>{{cite web |first=Ellen |last=J. Wanjiru |url=https://www.blackfilm.com/read/co-directors-arie-chuko-esiri-talk-feature-film-eyimofe-this-is-my-desire/ |website=Black Film |accessdate=February 6, 2026 |title=Co-directors Arie & Chuko Esiri Talk Feature Film 'Eyimofe (This Is My Desire)' |date=August 6, 2021}}</ref> A họpụtara Sophie Okonedo dị ka Clarissa tupu edee edemede ahụ; dị ka ụmụnne ahụ si kwuo, Okonedo bụ naanị onye ha chere na ọ bụ ya. Ayo Edebiri mechara sonye na ọrụ ahụ dị ka Sally na-eto eto; na Adeberi na Okonedo, ndị na-eme ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ike inweta mmasị nke onye nduzi nhazi Nina Gold, na-enyere aka ịkwadebe ụzọ maka ndị fọdụrụ na ndị na-ese ihe iji gbakọta ọnụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Georgiades|first=Luke|date=2026-05-21|title=Chuko and Arie Esiri on Clarissa, their Nigerian adaptation of Mrs. Dalloway|url=https://a-rabbitsfoot.com/editorial/film/cannes-2026/chuko-and-arie-esiri-on-clarissa-their-nigerian-adaptation-of-mrs-dalloway/|accessdate=2026-05-21|work=A Rabbit's Foot|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Blyth|first=Antonia|date=2026-05-19|title='Clarissa's Sophie Okonedo And Cast Cannes interview|url=https://deadline.com/video/clarissa-sophie-okonedo-david-oyelowo-cannes-interview/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}</ref> Isi foto mere na Lagos na Delta State n'oge Nọvemba na Disemba 2025, na Jonathan Bloom na-eje ozi dị ka onye nduzi nke foto na 35mm.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.16by16.co/blog/scores-and-the-city-sounds-of-16-with-chuko-esiri|work=16 By 16|accessdate=February 6, 2026|title=Scores and the City: SOUNDS OF 16 with CHUKO ESIRI|date=August 31, 2025}}</ref> A kọrọ na e mere ihe nkiri ahụ maka ihe na-erughị nde dọla ise, na ọkara nke ego sitere na CANEX Creations, nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka nke Fund for Export Development in Africa (FEDA), akụkụ itinye ego nke Afreximbank.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Tabbara|first=Mona|title=Directors’ Fortnight’s ‘Clarissa’ filmmakers on their next feature and the future of Nigerian cinema|url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/directors-fortnights-clarissa-filmmakers-on-their-next-feature-and-the-future-of-nigerian-cinema/5216812.article|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=Screen|language=en}}</ref> na MBO Capital, ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ego nke onwe Naijiria.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Ayeni|first=Ibukunoluwa|date=2026-02-09|title="Clarissa" Nigerian Cast Revealed: Modesinuola Ogundinwin, Joke Silva, Chigul, Chuks Joseph, Attached In Esiri Brothers’ Sophomore Feature|url=https://shockng.com/nigerian-cast-of-clarissa-movie-2026/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=ShockNG|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2026-02-20|title=CANEX Invests in Nigerian Feature ‘Clarissa’ as NEON Secures Global Rights|url=https://thehighstreetjournal.com/canex-invests-in-nigerianfeature-clarissa/|accessdate=2026-05-20|language=en-US}}</ref> Na Nọvemba 2025, Neon nwetara ikike nkesa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka ihe nkiri ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|first=Matt|author=Grobar|url=https://deadline.com/2026/02/clarissa-movie-acquired-neon-sophie-okonedo-david-oyelowo-1236711206/|work=[[Deadline Hollywood]]|accessdate=February 6, 2026|title=Neon Acquires 'Mrs. Dalloway' Reimagining 'Clarissa' Starring Sophie Okonedo, David Oyelowo, India Amarteifio, Ayo Edebiri & Toheeb Jimoh|date=February 6, 2026}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=CLARISSA; Motion picture|work=[[U.S. Copyright Office]]|accessdate=10 February 2026|url=https://publicrecords.copyright.gov/detailed-record/rmm_voyager_V01504014100000}}</ref> == Nnakwere == Mgbe emesịrị ya na Cannes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara nyocha dị mma site na ụlọ ọrụ ndị gụnyere, The Hollywood Reporter, The Wrap, na Screen Daily. <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bradshaw|first=Peter|date=2026-05-16|title=Clarissa review – Sophie Okonedo mesmeric as Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway decamps to Nigeria|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2026/may/16/clarissa-review-virginia-woolf-mrs-dalloway-nigeria|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=The Guardian|language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Clarissa |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/clarissa |access-date=2026-05-24 |website=Rotten Tomatoes |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Gyarkye|first=Lovia|date=2026-05-16|title=‘Clarissa’ Review: Sophie Okonedo and Ayo Edebiri in a Sharp and Stirring Nigeria-Set Take on ‘Mrs. Dalloway’|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/clarissa-review-sophie-okonedo-ayo-edebiri-david-oyelowo-1236597124/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=The Hollywood Reporter|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Hutchinson|first=Chase|date=2026-05-16|title=‘Clarissa’ Review: Sophie Okonedo Is Outstanding In Riveting Reimagining of Virginia Woolf’s ‘Mrs Dalloway’|url=https://www.thewrap.com/creative-content/movies/clarissa-review-sophie-okonedo-cannes/|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=TheWrap|language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|author=Daniels|first=Robert|title=‘Clarissa’ review: Sophie Okonedo, David Oyelowo anchor bold Lagos-set ‘Mrs Dalloway’ adaptation|url=https://www.screendaily.com/reviews/clarissa-review-sophie-okonedo-david-oyelowo-anchor-bold-lagos-set-mrs-dalloway-adaptation/5216760.article|accessdate=2026-05-20|work=Screen|language=en}}</ref> Na webụsaịtị nchịkọta nyocha ihe nkiri Rotten Tomatoes, ihe nkiri ahụ nwetara akara 100%, ma nwee nkezi ọkwa 8.2/10, dabere na nyocha 12. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == * {{IMDb title|33335610}} {{Virginia Woolf}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] g44cizurnl2y3v3uttkqjlc5dg692zu 0 76535 688373 654204 2026-07-17T22:09:41Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Calvin and Hobbes title.png|thumb|Calvin and Hobbes]] [[Faịlụ:Calvin wikiworld.jpg|thumb|Calvin na Hobbes]] '''''Calvin and Hobbes''''' bụ ihe ọchị a na-ebipụta kwa ụbọchị na akwụkwọ akụkọ na America, nke onye na-ese ihe ọchị Bill Watterson kere ma dee, site na Nọvemba 18, 1985, ruo Disemba 31, 1995. Akụkọ ahụ na-elekwasị anya na Calvin, nwa nwoke dị afọ isii nwere echiche sara mbara na omume na-adịghị ahụkebe, na Hobbes, agụ ya, onye na-apụta mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka ihe egwuregwu ụmụaka ma mgbe ụfọdụ dị ka enyi nwere mmetụta na ndụ, dabere n’echiche onye na-ele ya anya. E debere akụkọ ahụ na United States nke oge a, ma ndị ọzọ a ma ama na ya gụnyere nne na nna Calvin, nwa klas ya Susie Derkins, onye nkụzi ya Miss Wormwood, na onye na-elekọta ya Rosalyn. Otu akụkụ a ma ama nke ihe ọchị ahụ bụ echiche efu Calvin na-enwekarị, nke a na-egosipụtakarị site n’àgwà ndị ọ na-eme onwe ya ka ọ bụrụ, dịka Spaceman Spiff na Stupendous Man,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-01-12|title=Spaceman Spiff and the Stupendous Man: The Culture Industry in "Calvin and Hobbes"|url=http://www.stripteasethemag.com/spaceman-spiff-and-the-stupendous-man-the-culture-industry-in-calvin-and-hobbes/|access-date=2022-06-19|language=en-US}}</ref> yana site n’otú o si akọwa ihe ndị a na-ahụ kwa ụbọchị. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-ahụkarị ihe ndị nkịtị dịka igbe kaadiboodu dị ka ngwaọrụ pụrụ iche, dịka igwe oge. Ụdị nka Watterson, nke ihe ọchị ndị mbụ dịka ''Peanuts'', ''Pogo'', na ''Krazy Kat'' metụtara, gbanwere ma tolite ka oge na-aga, ruo n’ókè ọ malitere iji nhazi panel dị iche iche na eserese mmiri na Sunday strips. N’oge ọ kacha ewu ewu, ''Calvin and Hobbes'' pụtara n’ihe karịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ 2,000 n’ụwa niile.<ref name="cleve2010">{{cite news|first=John|last=Campanelli|title='Calvin and Hobbes' fans still pine 15 years after its exit|newspaper=[[The Plain Dealer]]|url=http://www.cleveland.com/living/index.ssf/2010/02/fans_still_pine_for_calvin_and.html|date=February 1, 2010|access-date=December 16, 2015|archive-date=2010-02-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100204074004/http://www.cleveland.com/living/index.ssf/2010/02/fans_still_pine_for_calvin_and.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Watterson jụrụ ikwe ka e jiri ndị agwa ya mee ngwaahịa azụmahịa, ma ya na ndị na-ebipụta ọrụ ya nwekwara esemokwu gbasara njikwa nke ọrụ ahụ. E mepụtaghị ngwaahịa gọọmentị ma ọ bụ ihe nkiri dabere na ''Calvin and Hobbes'' n’oge a na-ebipụta ya. Watterson kwụsịrị ihe ọchị ahụ n’afọ 1995, na-ekwu na ya enyochala ma mezuo ihe ọ chọrọ ime site na usoro ahụ, ma nwee afọ ojuju na otú o si kwụsị ya. dff4o9e2ayi5wjpnjo1wmlil401qp76 1728 76592 688363 688194 2026-07-17T20:38:23Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688363 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ | |Done |- |8. q5njf8tnqyjdlrpkeenljqlomg3vz2c 688364 688363 2026-07-17T20:39:09Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688364 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. | 6g0xas3odxv6wqn3vb0fs6vu54z6rwg 688365 688364 2026-07-17T20:40:18Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688365 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa | |Done |- | mrzo0daly2cod1kj0skukfq2hmd0rae 688367 688365 2026-07-17T20:43:21Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688367 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. coq9gef2e82n7dd7cgqx10conhpdisf 688368 688367 2026-07-17T20:44:34Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688368 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die | k3gpzifffd3h49vci8sm4ai7popyvdh 688369 688368 2026-07-17T20:46:16Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688369 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done he6x4uw6gq8adf097d2w7yjf9ddkit0 688386 688369 2026-07-18T05:19:42Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688386 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. | iwxkv0y4we3kkzr788xld42ncpg5k5l 688387 688386 2026-07-18T05:21:00Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688387 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara | j32e5bg21yid0hox7fen40zxhs55bf8 688388 688387 2026-07-18T05:23:36Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688388 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi | |Done |- tutcwtpy36twwgaw6ogj0k6z6krfq1q 688389 688388 2026-07-18T05:24:23Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688389 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. | elgnbctwqyeq3w42z572yjasj5500r2 688390 688389 2026-07-18T05:25:42Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688390 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada | 64zp5vxoazu1hqf2y08wqk3ccc0dr8r 688391 688390 2026-07-18T05:27:46Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688391 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- ad7t24lem41eg9v2yus8ma5ek2jojum 688392 688391 2026-07-18T05:29:50Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688392 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo | nrjibo5k3788gjonxoy8ac6vd8tocyu 688393 688392 2026-07-18T05:31:00Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688393 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m s9wqki3oqsq9ufezpqzy2fjgxmopbcm 688394 688393 2026-07-18T05:32:12Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688394 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |Done |- |13. | e2nttofifw3ehaw588se0c6h66etdiz 688395 688394 2026-07-18T05:33:25Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688395 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |Done |- |13. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum | 49rebesoo5o1tiooou05gpaeykvi1ii 688396 688395 2026-07-18T05:34:20Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688396 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |Done |- |13. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |a na-akpọ | se84y8nabwcbdww3j42b85eihukpr0u 688397 688396 2026-07-18T05:35:21Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688397 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |Done |- |13. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |a na-akpọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |14. okm663wjh8fx2udpxlu0dnsjydb7tdh 688398 688397 2026-07-18T05:36:29Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688398 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |Done |- |13. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |a na-akpọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |14. |Chukwuma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwuma | 3xu9pwf1gglkyem6odlfkceewy843sg 688399 688398 2026-07-18T05:38:18Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688399 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |Done |- |13. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |a na-akpọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |14. |Chukwuma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwuma |n'ala Igbo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwuma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa m5h8wk2ru5h2wcex1q2iyy1ggwod55i 688400 688399 2026-07-18T05:39:59Z Geraldine Kene 23189 /* Project work list with links */ 688400 wikitext text/x-wiki =='''Improving spelling accuracy on Igbo Wiktionary '''== === Project Overview=== This project focuses on improving existing entries on Igbo Wiktionary by correcting spelling and orthographic errors. Many Igbo words online need small but important corrections to make them clearer and more accurate for users. By fixing these issues, the project will help make Igbo Wiktionary a more reliable and useful resource. The work will involve going through selected entries and correcting spelling mistakes based on standard Igbo writing rules. Each edited entry will be carefully checked to ensure it is clear, correct, and consistent with others. All changes made during the project will be recorded for proper tracking and reporting. Overall, the project aims to strengthen the quality of Igbo language content on Wiktionary. It will make it easier for learners, translators, and native speakers to trust and use the platform. It also supports the wider goal of improving the visibility and standardization of the Igbo language online. === Project Goals === 1. To improve the spelling accuracy of selected entries on Igbo Wiktionary. 2. To enhance the quality and consistency of existing Igbo Wiktionary content. 3. To make Igbo language resources on Wiktionary more reliable and accessible to users. ===Project Timeline=== 13 June - 14 July === Project work list with links === {| class="wikitable" |+ !S/N !Igbo Words with error !Link !Edited Igbo Words !Link !{{Doing}} |- |1. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |pụtara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |2. |Okwu mbite |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite |Mejuo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okwu_Mbite#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |3. |Okili |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili |Ọṅụṅụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Okili#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |4. |Ịba |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Iba |Ọrịa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Aba |Done |- |5. |Dike |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B%CC%81k%C3%A9 |n'agha |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%C3%ADk%C3%A9 |Done |- |6. |Dị mma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/d%E1%BB%8B_mma |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/D%E1%BB%8B_mma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |7. |Duputa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |ma ọ bụ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Duputa |Done |- |8. |Dimkpa |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dimkpa |Nwaanyị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dimkpa |Done |- |9. |Die |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Ịnagide |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Die |Done |- |10. |Dibia bekee akwara |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/dibia_bekee_akwara |ogidigi |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dibia_bekee_akwara#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |11. |Dada |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |afịkọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Dada |Done |- |12. |Chukwunelo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |nwanne m |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunelo |Done |- |13. |Chukwunedum |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |a na-akpọ |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwunedum |Done |- |14. |Chukwuma |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwuma |n'ala Igbo |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwuma#Nk%E1%BB%8Dwa |Done |- |15. |Chukwukaọdịlị |https://ig.wiktionary.org/wiki/Chukwukaodili | | gu3umdlfr4lt5q9anei3avddv3qhimo 0 76672 688349 655619 2026-07-17T13:41:47Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mmemme Mgbasa Ozi Radiografi nke Obodo na Naịjirịa''' bụ atụmatụ ahụike ọha na eze nke na-agbasa onyonyo nchọpụta, agụmakwụkwọ nchekwa radieshon , nyocha ọrịa, na ọrụ mmata redio nye ndị bi na mpaghara ime obodo na Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About RRBN|url=https://portal.rrbn.gov.ng/about-rrbn/|work=Radiographers Registration Board of Nigeria|accessdate=11 June 2026}}</ref> Ndị ọkachamara, ụlọ ọrụ ahụike, ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ, òtù na-abụghị nke gọọmentị, na ngalaba steeti nke Mkpakọrịta Ndị n' eme Nnyocha okpụkpụ nke Naijiria (ARN) na-ahazi mmemme ndị a. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Association of Radiographers of Nigeria|url=https://arnfct.org.ng/|work=Association of Radiographers of Nigeria|accessdate=11 June 2026}}</ref> Mgbasa ozi redio obodo na-achọ ime ka ohere ịnweta ọrụ onyonyo ahụike ka mma, kwalite nchọpụta ọrịa n'oge, na ịkụziri obodo gbasara ọrụ redio na nlekọta ahụike. Ọrụ mgbasa ozi na-agụnyekarị ule ultrasound n'efu, mkpọsa maka ịmara kansa ara, agụmakwụkwọ nchekwa radieshon, mmemme mmata ọrụ, na ọrụ nchọpụta ekwentị. <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Radiography Day: Kaduna Radiographers Advocate Better Diagnostic Services|url=https://developmentdiary.net/world-radiography-day-kaduna-radiographers-advocate-better-diagnostic-services/|work=Development Diary|accessdate=11 June 2026}}</ref> == Ihe ndabere == Naịjiria na-eche nnukwu ọdịiche dị n'inweta ọrụ onyonyo nchọpụta ọrịa, ọkachasị n'ime ime obodo na ebe ndị a na-anaghị enye ọrụ. Akụrụngwa nlekọta ahụike pere mpe, ụkọ akụrụngwa onyonyo, na nkesa na-adịghị mma nke ndị na-ese redio emeela ka ohere ịnweta ọrụ redio belata n'ọtụtụ obodo. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mark|first=O.C.|title=Radiographers’ Willingness to Work in Rural and Underserved Areas in Nigeria|journal=Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences}}</ref> '''Òtù Ndebanye Aha Ndị Na-ahụ Maka Rediografik nke Naịjirịa (RRBN)''', nke e guzobere n'okpuru Iwu Nke iri anọ na abụọ nke afọ 1987, na-achịkwa omume rediografik ma na-akwalite ọrụ rediografik dị mma n'ofe mba ahụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=About RRBN|url=https://portal.rrbn.gov.ng/about-rrbn/|work=Radiographers Registration Board of Nigeria|accessdate=11 June 2026}}</ref> == Ọrụ Mgbasa Ozi == Mmemme mgbasa ozi redio na obodo na Naịjirịa na-enye ọrụ nyocha nchọpụta n'efu, agụmakwụkwọ ọha na eze gbasara nchekwa radieshọn, mkpọsa mmata ahụike, na mmemme nchọpụta ọrụ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=World Radiography Day 2024: Kaduna Branch Launches Free Medical Outreach and More|url=https://daybreak.ng/world-radiography-day-2024-kaduna-branch-launches-free-medical-outreach-and-more/|work=Daybreak Nigeria|accessdate=11 June 2026|archivedate=3 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241203215225/https://daybreak.ng/world-radiography-day-2024-kaduna-branch-launches-free-medical-outreach-and-more/}}</ref> N'oge emume Ụbọchị Radiographi Ụwa kwa afọ, ọtụtụ alaka nke Association of Radiographers of Nigeria na-ahazi nyocha ultrasound n'efu, agụmakwụkwọ ahụike obodo, na ọrụ mgbasa ozi ahụike maka ndị na-anaghị enweta enyemaka. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Radiographers Promote Community Health as Borno Marks World Radiography Day|url=https://lakechadtimes.ng/web/2025/11/radiographers-promote-community-health-as-borno-marks-2025-world-radiography-day|work=Lake Chad Times|accessdate=11 June 2026}}</ref> == Ihe ịma aka == Mmemme mgbasa ozi redio obodo na-eche ihe ịma aka ihu gụnyere ego na-ezughị ezu, obere akụrụngwa onyonyo mkpanaka, ụkọ ndị na-ese redio n'ime ime obodo, na obere mmata ọha na eze gbasara ọrụ redio. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Mark|first=O.C.|title=Radiographers’ Willingness to Work in Rural and Underserved Areas in Nigeria|journal=Journal of Radiography and Radiation Sciences}}</ref> == Edensibia == 10syx5rbs97au23su59qyulqhczba9x 0 76696 688360 655684 2026-07-17T19:13:09Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}}  '''Danny Ionescu''' (Hibru) bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi na mmiri nke na-edu otu nnyocha na ngalaba Environmental Microbiomics na Technische Universität Berlin.. Nnyocha ya bụ isi na-elekwasị anya na ihe ndị dị ndụ nke nnukwu nje bacteria na ndụ nje dị ndụ n'ime Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ionescu|first=Danny|date=2023|title=Genomic Mysteries of Giant Bacteria: Insights and Implications|url=https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/15/9/evad163/7274083|journal=Genome Biology and Evolution|volume=15|issue=9|doi=10.1093/gbe/evad163|issn=1759-6653|pmid=37708391}}</ref> == Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ == N'agbata afọ 2000 na 2003, Ionescu nwetara akara ugo mmụta BSc na Sayensị Mmiri na Sayensị Gburugburu Ebe Obibi Mmiri site na School of Marine Sciences na Ruppin Academic Center dị na Israel.. Njem agụmakwụkwọ ya gara n'ihu na nzere masta n'etiti 2003 na 2005, nke Prọfesọ Aharon Oren mere na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem, ya na Prọfesọ Karlheinz Altendorf na Dr. Andre Lipski na Mahadum Osnabrueck na Germany jikọrọ aka. Akwụkwọ edemede Master ya, nke akpọrọ "Nkọwa nke obodo nje endoevaporitic na Eilat salterns site na nyocha fatty acid na stabil isotope labeling.", <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ionescu|first=Danny|date=2007-02-01|title=Characterization of the endoevaporitic microbial communities in a hypersaline gypsum crust by fatty acid analysis|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10750-006-0289-7|journal=Hydrobiologia|language=en|volume=576|issue=1|pages=15–26|doi=10.1007/s10750-006-0289-7|issn=1573-5117}}</ref> gosipụtara nchọpụta ya n'oge a. === Ph.D. na nyocha postdoctoral === N'afọ 2005, Ionescu malitere nzere Ph.D. na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem, dịka akụkụ nke ọrụ udo "Bridging the Rift",<ref>{{Cite web|title=Home|url=https://www.cs.cornell.edu/projects/btr/|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=www.cs.cornell.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Bridging the Rift at the Dead Sea {{!}} Breuerpress International|url=https://www.breuerpress.com/2006/03/03/bridging-the-rift-at-the-dead-sea/|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=www.breuerpress.com|language=hu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=New Science Center to Bridge the Rift|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/new-science-center-bridge-rift|accessdate=2024-09-04}}</ref> na mmekorita ya na Prọfesọ Muna Hindiyeh<ref>{{Cite web|title=Prof. Muna Hindiyeh|url=https://www.gju.edu.jo/content/prof-muna-hindiyeh-1556|accessdate=2024-09-04}}</ref> na Prọf. Mohhamad Wedyan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Hashemite University Faculty Staff Website|url=https://staff.hu.edu.jo/Err.aspx?aspxerrorpath=/CV_e.aspx|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=staff.hu.edu.jo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Cornell and Stanford to work with Israel and Jordan on Bridging the Rift research center to include world's first databank for all living systems {{!}} Cornell Chronicle|url=https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2004/02/worlds-first-databank-all-living-systems|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=news.cornell.edu|language=en}}</ref> Isiokwu edemede doctoral ya bụ "Cyanobacterial Biogeography and Nitrogen Fixation: Lessons from environmental and model organisms". N'oge nyocha postdoctoral mbụ ya, nke malitere na 2009, na Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology na Bremen, Ionescu duziri nchọpụta sayensị mbụ nke Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ. [[Faịlụ:Underwater_Fresh_Water_Springs_in_the_Dead_Sea,_2012.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Foto anọ nke usoro mmiri dị ọcha dị n'okpuru mmiri a hụrụ n'Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ, ihe dị ka kilomita 1.8 n'ọdịda anyanwụ Mitzpe Shalem, nke Danny Ionescu sere n'afọ 2010.]] Njem ahụ gosiri ọtụtụ ụdị nje bacteria dị ndụ n'ime na gburugburu isi iyi mmiri dị n'okpuru mmiri.i. <ref>{{Cite web|title=21.09.2011 Springs of Life in the Dead Sea|url=https://www.mpi-bremen.de/en/Springs-of-Life-in-the-Dead-Sea.html|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=www.mpi-bremen.de|archivedate=2024-08-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808232034/https://www.mpi-bremen.de/en/Springs-of-Life-in-the-Dead-Sea.html}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-09-30|title=New Life-Forms Found at Bottom of Dead Sea|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/110928-new-life-dead-sea-bacteria-underwater-craters-science|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=Science|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|volume=7|issue=6|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0038319|year=2012|author=Ionescu|first=Danny|title=Microbial and Chemical Characterization of Underwater Fresh Water Springs in the Dead Sea|journal=PLOS ONE|pmid=22679498}}</ref> E gosipụtara ihe nkiri vidio dị iche iche gbasara Oké Osimiri Nwụrụ Anwụ n'okpuru mmiri. Ọrụ ya na Max Planck Institute gụnyere ọmụmụ ihe gbasara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mineral na mkpụrụ ndụ nje, nke Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory mere na Sweden. nakwa n'agwaetiti Kiritimati<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ionescu|first=D.|date=2015|title=Calcium dynamics in microbialite-forming exopolymer-rich mats on the atoll of K iritimati, R epublic of K iribati, C entral P acific|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gbi.12120|journal=Geobiology|language=en|volume=13|issue=2|pages=170–180|doi=10.1111/gbi.12120|pmid=25515845|issn=1472-4677}}</ref> dịka akụkụ nke otu ndị nchọpụta FOR571. <ref>{{Cite web|title=DFG - GEPRIS - FOR 571: Geobiology of Organo- and Biofilms: Coupling of the Geosphere and the Biosphere by Microbial Processes|url=https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5471545?language=en|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=gepris.dfg.de}}</ref> N'agbata afọ 2014 na 2024, Ionescu mere nnyocha ya na Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), ebe nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya na genomics na ecology nke nnukwu nje bacteria, ọkachasị ụdị Achromatium. Ihe pụrụ iche bụ na na 2017, Ionescu chọpụtara na ọtụtụ kromosomes nke nnukwu nje bacteria ndị a nwere abụghị otu, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Riesenbakterium enthält Erbgut für eine ganze Bevölkerung|url=https://idw-online.de/de/news680656|accessdate=2024-09-04|archivedate=2024-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240718211716/https://idw-online.de/de/news680656}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=A Lakeside Tale|date=25 September 2017|url=https://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2017/09/a-lakeside-tale.html|accessdate=2024-09-04}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ionescu|first=Danny|date=2017-09-06|title=Community-like genome in single cells of the sulfur bacterium Achromatium oxaliferum|journal=Nature Communications|language=en|volume=8|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-00342-9|issn=2041-1723|pmid=28878209}}</ref> na-eme ka ha pụta ìhè na gburugburu ebe dị iche iche. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-11-19|title=Giant aquatic bacterium is a master of adaptation|url=https://www.igb-berlin.de/en/news/giant-aquatic-bacterium-master-adaptation|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=igb-berlin.de|language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|first=Danny|author=Ionescu|date=2022-01-28|title=When it comes to the giant bacterium Achromatium, everything is everywhere|url=https://www.thesciencebreaker.org/breaks/evolution-behaviour/when-it-comes-to-the-giant-bacterium-achromatium-everything-is-everywhere|journal=TheScienceBreaker|volume=08|language=en|doi=10.25250/thescbr.brk613|issn=2571-9262}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|title=Heterozygous, Polyploid, Giant Bacterium, Achromatium, Possesses an Identical Functional Inventory Worldwide across Drastically Different Ecosystems|url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/38/3/1040/5970467|accessdate=2024-09-04|date=2021|doi=10.1093/molbev/msaa273|author=Ionescu|first=Danny|pages=1040–1059}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, Ionescu natara onyinye nyocha onwe ya site na German Research Foundation (DFG) iji nyochaa isiokwu ndị a.<ref>{{Cite web|title=DFG - GEPRIS - Eco-evolution and cellular functionality of the heterozygous bacterial genus Achromatium|url=https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/465407921?language=en|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=gepris.dfg.de}}</ref> == Onyinye agụmakwụkwọ == Ionescu enyela aka nke ukwuu n'ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi nje bacteria dị n'ime mmiri. Enwere ike ịchọta ndepụta zuru oke nke akwụkwọ ya na ORCID ya. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4658-8597|title=ORCID}}</ref> na Google Scholar<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=z-XVkFMAAAAJ|title=Google Scholar}}</ref> peeji. Tinyere nke ahụ, Ionescu na-esonye nke ọma n'obodo sayensị. Ọ na-eje ozi na Bọọdụ Njikwa nke ikpo okwu nyocha oghere PCI Genomics.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PCI Genomics|url=https://genomics.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=360|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=genomics.peercommunityin.org|language=en-us}}</ref> ma na-enye aka dị ka onye na-atụ aro maka PCI Microbiology. <ref>{{Cite web|title=PCI Microbiol|url=https://microbiol.peercommunityin.org/public/user_public_page?userId=33|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=microbiol.peercommunityin.org}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, ọ na-enwe ọkwa dị ka onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka Frontiers in Microbiology na onye otu nchịkọta akụkọ nke Scientific Reports . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Danny Ionescu|url=https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/165182/overview|accessdate=2024-09-04}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == A mụrụ Ionescu na ezinụlọ ya na Bucharest, Romania, n'afọ 1976, ọ kwagara Izrel n'afọ 1984. Ọ lụrụ Dr. Mina Bizic, onye bụkwa ọkà mmụta sayensị, di na nwunye ahụ nwekwara ụmụ abụọ.. Nwanne Ionescu, Ariel Ionescu,<ref>{{Cite web|title=ARIEL LOENESCU|url=https://neuroscience-innovation.org/project-ariel-loenescu|accessdate=2024-09-04|work=The HBP Curriculum - HBP Student Learning Needs|language=en-US}}</ref> bụ ọkachamara n'ihe gbasara akwara ụbụrụ, nwanne di ya nwoke, David Bizic, bụkwa onye na-abụ egwu opera. Ionescu bụ onye nkuzi na-egwu mmiri nke SSI Gold == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] dkd6atitd7gmr6u79xa59rl8ed1aaag 0 76709 688382 655717 2026-07-18T02:44:13Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=E. S. Grant Mental Health Hospital|org_group=|image=|image_alt=|image_size=|caption=|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_size=<!-- width of the map in pixels (do not include "px"); default is 225 -->|pushpin_map_alt=<!-- alternative text for map image, see WP:ALT for details -->|pushpin_map_caption=|logo=<!-- Please conform to copyright -->|logo_size=<!-- Use to limit the logo size -->|region=|state=[[Monrovia]]|country=Liberia|coordinates={{coord|6.315605|-10.807372|type:landmark|display=it}} (Approximate)|location=Du Port Road, Paynesville|healthcare=<!-- UK:NHS. AU/CA: Medicare. ELSE freetext, e.g. Private -->|funding=|type=Specialist|speciality=[[Psychiatric hospital]]|standards=<!-- optional if no national standards -->|emergency=<!-- UK/IR/HK/SG: Yes/No, CA/IL/US: I/II/III/IV/V for Trauma certification level -->|affiliation=University of Liberia A.M. Dogliotti School of Medicine|network=<!-- Hospital network, non-owner -->|beds=|founded=|closed=<!-- Use if defunct, please also add to Category:Defunct hospitals -->|website=None|other_links=<!-- Creates ""See also" field -->}} '''E. S. Grant Mental Health Hospital''', na Monrovia, Liberia, bụ naanị Ụlọ ọgwụ ndị isi mgbaka na [[Liberia|Republic of Liberia]]. <ref name="globalpost">{{Cite web|author=Molly Knight Raskin|date=March 20, 2014|title=The lingering wounds of Liberia’s 14-year civil war|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/global-pulse/mental-wounds-liberia-war|publisher=GlobalPost}}</ref><ref name="VOAnews2010">{{Cite web|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/liberias-new-mental-health-policy-hols-promises-of-treatment-for-many-96293078/161589.html|title=Liberia Expands Access to Mental Health Care|publisher=VOA News|date=June 13, 2010}}</ref> Ọ dị na Du Port Road na obodo Paynesville na Monrovia. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Konton|first=Julius|title=For Overcrowdiness, E.S. Grant Mental Hospital Begs For Relocation|url=https://kmtvliberia.com/for-overcrowdiness-e-s-grant-mental-hospital-begs-for-relocation/|accessdate=2020-07-30|work=KMTV News|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-03-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210307023310/https://kmtvliberia.com/for-overcrowdiness-e-s-grant-mental-hospital-begs-for-relocation/}}</ref> Tupu afọ 2008, ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkeonwe nke otu NGO nke mba Jamanị, Cap Anamur, na-achịkwa. <ref>{{Cite web|author=Estey|first=Myles|date=October 8, 2010|title=My Brother’s Keeper|url=https://maisonneuve.org/article/2010/10/8/my-brothers-keeper/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151028030815/http://maisonneuve.org:80/article/2010/10/8/my-brothers-keeper/|archivedate=2015-10-28|accessdate=|work=Maisonneuve}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, a nabatara ya n'ime usoro ahụike ọha na eze, nke ụlọ ọgwụ JFK ga-elekọta. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2017|title=Culture and Mental Health in Liberia: A Primer|url=https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255302/WHO-MSD-MER-17.3-eng.pdf?sequence=1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021210556/https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/255302/WHO-MSD-MER-17.3-eng.pdf?sequence=1|archivedate=2021-10-21|accessdate=|work=World Health Organization}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwere ikike maka ndị ọrịa 80. Ọ na-enyekwa ndụmọdụ ndị na-abụghị ndị ọrịa, <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=|title=E.S. Grant Mental Health Hospital in Liberia: striving to help people with mental illness get well|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/e-s-grant-mental-health-hospital-in-liberia-striving-to-help-people-with-mental-illness-get-well|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180528154014/http://www.who.int:80/news-room/feature-stories/detail/e-s-grant-mental-health-hospital-in-liberia-striving-to-help-people-with-mental-illness-get-well|archivedate=2018-05-28|accessdate=2020-07-31|work=World Health Organization|language=en}}</ref> na ìgwè maka ndị na-eji ọgwụ eme ihe. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=December 12, 2017|title=Updates from the Field: Dr. Ojediran’s First 6 Months in Liberia|url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/psychiatry/2017/12/07/5087/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729151853/https://www.bumc.bu.edu/psychiatry/2017/12/07/5087/|archivedate=2021-07-29|accessdate=|work=Boston University Psychiatry}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule n'afọ 2019, ndị isi mgbaka abụọ na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=August 2, 2019|title=BUMC Psychiatry: Updates from Liberia|url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/psychiatry/2019/08/02/updates-from-liberia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020103503/http://www.bumc.bu.edu:80/psychiatry/2019/08/02/updates-from-liberia/|archivedate=2019-10-20|accessdate=August 4, 2020|work=Boston University, School of Medicine, Psychiatry}}</ref> E hiwere mmemme obibi ndị ọrịa uche na 2019, na mmekorita ya na Mahadum Liberia A.M. Dogliotti School of Medicine. Ndị bi na ngalaba ọgwụgwọ ọrịa uche na ezinụlọ na-etinye oge na mgbanwe ha na ngalaba ọgwụgwọ ọrịa uche n'ụlọ ọgwụ. <ref>{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=August 2, 2019|title=Updates from Liberia|url=https://www.bumc.bu.edu/psychiatry/2019/08/02/updates-from-liberia/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191020103503/http://www.bumc.bu.edu:80/psychiatry/2019/08/02/updates-from-liberia/|archivedate=2019-10-20|accessdate=|work=Boston University School of Medicine}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta ụlọ ọgwụ na Liberia == Edensibia == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] n49nc6vg3ab2i9rkf4rdorjxclw933w 0 76711 688375 674073 2026-07-17T22:41:18Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox hospital|name=Delta State University Teaching Hospital|org_group=|logo=|logo_size=|logo_alt=|image=Delta State University Teaching Hospital.jpg|image_size=225|alt=|caption=|coordinates={{coord|5.9594109088495495|5.7024243507326|type:landmark|display=it}}|location=[[Oghara]], [[Ethiope West]]|region=Southern|state=Delta State|country=Nigeria|healthcare=<!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private -->|funding=Government|type=Teaching|religious_affiliation=|affiliation=[[Delta State University]]|patron=|network=|standards=|emergency=Available|beds=|speciality=|helipad=|h1-number=|h1-length-f=|h1-length-m=|h1-surface=<!-- up to h12 -->|former_names=|constructed=|opened=June 10, 2020<!-- cite in article as well -->|closed=|demolished=|website=https://delsuth.org.ng/|other_links=|module=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Nkụzi Mahadum Delta State |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |[[File:Delta_State_University_Teaching_Hospital.jpg|225x225px]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Delta State University Teaching Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q104089551"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Delta State University Teaching Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q104089551"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[5.7024243507326,5.9594109088495],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Delta State University Teaching Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Oghara]], Ethiopia West, Southern, Delta State, Nigeria |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Delta_State_University_Teaching_Hospital&params=5.9594109088495_N_5.7024243507326_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°57′34′′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°42′09′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.9594109088495495°N 5.70243507326°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">5.9594109088495495; 5.7024243507326</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Delta_State_University_Teaching_Hospital&params=5.9594109088495_N_5.7024243507326_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°57′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°42′09″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.9594109088495495°N 5.7024243507326°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">5.9594109088495495; 5.7024243507326</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Ịkụzi ihe |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Mahadum jikọtara ya</div> | class="infobox-data" |[[Mahadum Delta State]] |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ọ dị |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Akụkọ ihe mere eme |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Emeghe | class="infobox-data" |June 10, 2020 |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |https://web.archive.org/web/20260213134637/https://delsuth.org.ng/ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Naịjirịa |} Delta State University Teaching Hospital (nke a maara nke ọma dị ka DELSUTH) bụ ụlọ ọgwụ dị na Oghara, Naịjirịa. Goodluck Jonathan, onye bụbu onyeisiala mba Naịjirịa, malitere ya na ụbọchị iri nke ọnwa Juun afọ 2020 iji nye nlekọta ahụike nke mahadum site na ọzụzụ nke ụmụ akwụkwọ mahadum na Mahadum Delta State, Abraka. Ụlọ ọrụ a dị na Oghara na Ethiope West Local Government Area nke Delta State, South East, Naịjirịa. <ref>{{Cite news|date=2020-04-09|title=Delta State Teaching Hospital will rise again, says CMD|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/delta-state-teaching-hospital-will-rise-again-says-cmd/|accessdate=2020-12-10|work=[[The Nation (Nigeria)|The Nation]]|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Front Page|url=https://delsuth.com.ng/|accessdate=2020-12-10|work=Delta State University Teaching Hospital|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120071645/https://delsuth.com.ng/}}</ref> Delta State University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), bụkwa onye mmekọ nke Delta State University (Abraka). <ref>{{Cite web|title=Front Page|url=https://delsuth.com.ng/|accessdate=2020-12-27|work=Delta State University Teaching Hospital|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-01-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120071645/https://delsuth.com.ng/}}</ref> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1vkbk48x4y84d0vmsn2q4ofi0tqfsch 0 76732 688417 674319 2026-07-18T11:54:33Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688417 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  '''Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah''' (Jenụwarị 16, 1975 – Maachị 26, 2025) bụ onye nkuzi Mahadum nke Naịjirịa, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi na prọfesọ nke kemistri ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> A maara ya maka nnyocha ya gbasara ọgwụgwọ mmiri na nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi, ọ bụ onye isi ntọala nke African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research (ACEWATER) na Mahadum Redeemer's na Naịjirịa. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy. == Akụkọ Ndụ == Unuabona nwetara akara ugo mmụta B.Sc. na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na [[University of Benin (Nigeria)|Mahadum Benin]] na 1999, nakwa akara ugo mmụta M.Sc. na PhD na kemistri ụlọ ọrụ na Mahadum Ibadan n'afọ 2003 na 2007.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> N'oge ọrụ nkuzi ya na Mahadum Redeemer's dị na [[Ȯra Osun|Osun State]], Naịjirịa, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi nke Directorate of Academic Planning and Quality Assurance<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=Brief History|url=https://run.edu.ng/directorate-of-academic-planning-and-quality-assurance/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> na African Centre of Excellence for Water and Environmental Research.<ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=About ACEWATER|url=https://run-acewater.org/about-acewater/|accessdate=August 5, 2025}}</ref> Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah, Founding President, Nigerian Young Academy (NYA)|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 8, 2025|archivedate=May 15, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515193130/https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/}}</ref> Unuabona nwụrụ n'ọnwa Maachị afọ 2025.<ref>{{Cite web|work=The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)|title=In memoriam|url=https://twas.org/memoriam|accessdate=2025-09-08|language=en}}</ref> == Mbipụta == Unuabonah bụ onye na-eme nchọpụta nwere akwụkwọ 100 e nyochara nke ọma, nwere ihe karịrị 5500 ntụle na h-index nke 41,<ref>{{Cite web|author=|date=August 5, 2025|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=qLOKMCgAAAAJ|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=Google Scholar|archivedate=January 6, 2026|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260106132636/https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=en&user=qLOKMCgAAAAJ}}</ref> ọtụtụ n'ime ha lekwasịrị anya na teknụzụ ọgwụgwọ mmiri, [[Mmetọ|ihe ndị na-emerụ gburugburu ebe obibi]], na nyocha ihe ndị na-adịgide adịgide. Ndị otu nyocha ya mepụtara ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ala dị ọnụ ala, nke e si n'ógbè ahụ nweta maka iwepụ ọgwụ nje, [[Endocrine disrupters|ihe ndị na-emebi endocrine]], microplastics, na ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị ọcha site na mmiri ndị e metọrọ emetọ.<ref>{{Cite web|author=PositiveNaija|date=October 24, 2022|title=Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah Wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.positivenaija.com/emmanuel-iyayi-unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 21, 2025}}</ref> O so hazie akwụkwọ Springer Water Strategic Management of Wastewater sitere na Intensive Rural Industries (2025),<ref>{{Cite book|author=Oladoja|first=Nurudeen|title=Strategic Management of Wastewater from Intensive Rural Industries|date=July 22, 2025|publisher=Springer Cham|isbn=978-3-031-90313-7|edition=1st|location=Switzerland}}</ref> nke na-enye aka na isiakwụkwọ gbasara mmiri mkpofu sitere na agba agba, ákwà, nhazi nkwụ mmanụ, na ngalaba ime obodo ndị ọzọ. Isi ihe ndị a họọrọ maka nnyocha gụnyere: Akpụkpọ ahụ fotocatalytic nke e ji ụrọ mee, ihe ndị ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka ọgwụgwọ mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ugwuja|first=Chidinma|date=August 5, 2025|title=Clay-based Photocatalytic Membranes: Low-cost Alternative Materials for Water Treatment|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ma/d5ma00313j|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry}}</ref> Ngwakọta biomass-clay na-adịgide adịgide maka iwepụ benzenediols, Nhazi usoro na ike maka ịsacha mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Alfred|first=Moses|date=August 5, 2025|title=Sustainable biomass-clay-ZnWO4 combos for the abatement of benzenediols: Process optimization and dynamics for water purification|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214714425013145|journal=Journal of Water Process Engineering|volume=76|doi=10.1016/j.jwpe.2025.108242}}</ref> Nyocha ihe egwu na iwepụ ihe fọdụrụ na nje [[Igbochi nje|bacteria na-eguzogide ọgwụ nje]] na mmiri sitere na Ede, Naịjirịa,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Taylor|first=Gloria|date=August 5, 2025|title=Risk assessment and photo-disinfection of antibiotic residues and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in water sources from Ede, Nigeria|journal=Heliyon|volume=11|issue=1|doi=10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41538|pmid=39866425}}</ref> Nyochaa ohere nke ịmepụta sistemụ aquaculture efu (Eprel 2025),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Oladoja|first=NA|date=2025|title=Evaluating the feasibility of creating a zero waste discharge aquaculture system|url=https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2025/ew/d4ew01080a|journal=Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology|volume=11|issue=5|pages=1325–1338|doi=10.1039/D4EW01080A}}</ref> Nyocha dị oke mkpa nke nsí na iwepụ parabens na mmiri,<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bolujoko|first=Nathaniel|date=September 20, 2021|title=Toxicity and removal of parabens from water: A critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969721031636|journal=Science of the Total Environment|volume=792|doi=10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148092|pmid=34147811}}</ref> Atụmatụ mmeghari ohuru maka matrices siri ike ejiri mee ihe na mmịpụta nke ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ sitere na mmiri dị n'elu: nyocha dị oke mkpa (2016),<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=August 1, 2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398624037020|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> na Nhazi Multistage nke Adsorption nke Methylene Blue Dye na Mkpụrụ papaya Defatted (2009).<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Unuabonah|first=Emmanuel|date=December 15, 2009|title=Multistage optimization of the adsorption of methylene blue dye onto defatted Carica papaya seeds|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894709004999|journal=Chemical Engineering Journal|volume=155|issue=3|pages=567–579|doi=10.1016/j.cej.2009.07.012}}</ref> === Mmetụta na ntụaka dị na akwụkwọ sayensị === A kpọtụrụ akwụkwọ ya nke afọ 2013 gbasara ụrọ ngwakọ e ji mkpụrụ pọpọ Carica na Kaolinite kwadebe dị ka ihe ọzọ dị ọnụ ala maka iwepụ ígwè dị arọ na nyocha ndị e mechara na ngwakọta ọgwụgwọ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jaspal|first=Dipika|date=2020-05-01|title=Composites for wastewater purification: A review|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519330292|journal=Chemosphere|volume=246|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125788|pmid=31918098|issn=0045-6535}}</ref> Ndị mgbasa ozi sayensị mba ụwa kpuchikwara nnyocha ahụ, nke gosipụtara ike ịchekwa ego maka mmiri dị ọcha na ntọala akụrụngwa dị ala.<ref>{{Cite web|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Bernstein|first=Michael|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/689760|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> E jirila nyocha dị mkpa nke afọ 2016 gbasara atụmatụ mmeghari maka ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ka ihe e ji amata ihe na akwụkwọ ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mmeghari na iji ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị ọnụ ala eme ihe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Omorogie|first=Martins|date=2016|title=Regeneration strategies for spent solid matrices used in adsorption of organic pollutants from surface water: a critical review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Desalination and Water Treatment|volume=57|issue=2|pages=518–544|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=El Messaoudi|first=Noureddine|date=2024|title=Regeneration and reusability of non-conventional low-cost adsorbents to remove dyes from wastewaters in multiple consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles: a review.|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19443994.2014.967726|journal=Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery|volume=14|issue=11|pages=11739–11756|doi=10.1080/19443994.2014.967726}}</ref> Nyocha sara mbara nke ihe ndị na-amịpụta ihe dị n'ákwà na-akpọtụ ma na-akọwa ụzọ mmeghari ihe dị mkpa maka onyinye ya.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Momina|first=Mohammad Shahadat|date=July 10, 2018|title=Regeneration performance of clay-based adsorbents for the removal of Industrial dyes: a review|journal=Royal Society of Chemistry|volume=8|issue=43|pages=24571–24587|doi=10.1039/C8RA04290J|pmid=35539168}}</ref> Nyocha ndị sochirinụ na-enyocha mkpụrụ pọpọ dị ka ihe na-amịpụta ihe/ihe na-amịpụta ihe ma na-atụle ihe ndị mejupụtara mkpụrụ pọpọ/ihe na-amịpụta ihe, na-ezo aka na ịgbatị ụzọ e si eduzi ọmụmụ ihe HYCA.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Khee|first=Y.L|date=2023|title=Valorizing papaya seed waste for wastewater treatment: a review|url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9|journal=International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology|volume=20|issue=2|pages=2327–2346|doi=10.1007/s13762-022-04178-9}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bayode|first=Ajibola|date=May 2, 2023|title=A review on the versatility of Carica papaya seed: an agrogenic waste for the removal of organic, inorganic and microbial contaminants in water|journal=Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology|volume=98|issue=9|pages=2095–2109|doi=10.1002/jctb.7415}}</ref> Ọmụmụ ihe nnwale na ụdị teknụzụ ndị ọzọ mechara dabere na echiche mbụ nke ụrọ ngwakọ iji gbasaa arụmọrụ na ihe ndị na-emerụ emerụ nke anionic na nje bacteria, na-egosi mgbasa usoro.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Jun An|first=Hyung|date=April 8, 2020|title=Adsorptive removal of bulky dye molecules from water with mesoporous polyaniline-derived carbon|url=https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjnano/articles/11/47?utm_source=researcher_app&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=RESR_MRKT_Researcher_inbound|journal=Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology|volume=11|pages=597–605|doi=10.3762/bjnano.11.47|pmid=32318320}}</ref> == Mkpuchi mgbasa ozi == Otu profaịlụ nke World Academy of Sciences kọwara nyocha nhicha dị ọnụ ala ya site na iji mkpụrụ ụrọ na pọpọ ma kwuo nkwado TWAS ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Serra|first=Cristina|date=August 27, 2015|title=Clean water for Nigeria|url=https://www.twas.org/article/clean-water-nigeria|accessdate=September 11, 2025}}</ref> Ọtụtụ akwụkwọ akụkọ Naịjirịa kpuchiri ihe nrite ọlaedo nke Nigerian Academy of Science, gụnyere Vanguard, The Guardian, na The Punch.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Eyoboka|first=Sam|date=February 25, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Egbejule|first=Michael|date=February 15, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins 2017 NAS Gold Medal Prize|url=https://guardian.ng/appointments/unuabonah-wins-2017-nas-gold-medal-prize/|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=[[The Guardian (Nigeria)|The Guardian]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=PUNCHNG|date=February 21, 2018|title=Unuabonah wins science academy's gold prize|url=https://punchng.com/unuabonah-wins-science-academys-gold-prize/|accessdate=September 11, 2025|work=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> Akụkọ zuru ụwa ọnụ gbasara ihe ọhụrụ ụrọ ya pụtara na mgbasa ozi ama ama na-ekwusi ike na ike dị ọnụ ala maka mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=American Chemical Society|date=June 12, 2013|title=Papaya-clay combo could cut cost of water purification in developing countries|url=https://phys.org/news/2013-06-papaya-clay-combo-purification-countries.html|journal=American Chemical Society}}</ref> Agência FAPESP kọrọ gbasara mmekorita Brazil na Naịjirịa nke ndị nchọpụta, gụnyere Unuabonah, na-edu, na-ejikọta ihe mejupụtara dị ọnụ ala na ike anyanwụ maka iwepụ mmiri.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Agencia FAPESP|date=April 28, 2021|title=Novel Water Decomination Method Combines Low-Cost Composites and Solar Energy|url=https://agencia.fapesp.br/novel-water-decontamination-method-combines-low-cost-composites-and-solar-energy/35716|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=August 5, 2025|title=TWAS Directory|url=https://twas.org/directory/unuabonah-emmanuel-iyayi|work=}}</ref> == Nduzi na Mmekọrịta == Dịka onye isi oche nke Nigerian Young Academy (2010–2014).<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nigerian Young Academy|date=2025|title=In Loving Memory of Professor Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/|accessdate=September 21, 2025|archivedate=May 15, 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250515193130/https://nigerianyoungacademy.org/tribute/}}</ref> O nwere njikọ na ọtụtụ òtù agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere: Mmemme Ọchịchị Sayensị Afrịka (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africa Science Leadership Programme|date=2015|title=Africa Science Leadership Programme 2015|url=https://www.aslp.science/our-cohorts/africa-science-leadership-programme-2015/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Global Young Academy (Alumnus),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Global Young Academy|date=2014|title=Alumni of the GYA - Emmanuel Iyayi Unuabonah|url=https://globalyoungacademy.net/eiunuabonah/|accessdate=September 19, 2025}}</ref> Nigerian Academy of Science (Fellow),<ref>{{Cite web|author=Africasti|date=April 2, 2025|title=First winner of NAS Gold Medal in Physical Sciences Passes at 50|url=https://africasti.net/first-winner-of-nas-gold-medal-in-physical-sciences-passes-at-50/|accessdate=September 9, 2025}}</ref> na African Academy of Sciences (Fellow-eletc).<ref>{{Cite web|date=April 2, 2025|title=The African Academy of Sciences Welcomes 88 Newly Elected Fellows|url=https://aasciences.africa/news/the-african-academy-of-sciences-welcomes-88-newly-elected-fellows|accessdate=September 19, 2025|work=The African Academy of Sciences}}</ref> == Ntụaka == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] r8868sh3jvf92fk9geplf8chtl1taxp 0 76758 688383 674973 2026-07-18T03:07:08Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}} '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Ógbè Ọwụwa Anyanwụ''' a makwaara ya dịka Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mpaghara Koforidua bụ ụlọ ọgwụ nkuzi mpaghara na nke a na-atụ aro na Koforidua na mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Ghana . <ref name="ghana">{{Cite web|title=Eastern region hospitals|url=http://ghana-net.com/GHANA_EASTERN_REGION.aspx|publisher=www.ghana-net.com|accessdate=4 December 2011|archivedate=18 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120418073228/http://ghana-net.com/GHANA_EASTERN_REGION.aspx}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://citifmonline.com/2016/12/30/koforidua-regional-hospital-targeting-teaching-hospital-status/|title=Koforidua Regional Hospital targeting teaching hospital status|first=Delali|author=Adogla-Bessa|date=30 December 2016|publisher=|accessdate=16 June 2026|archivedate=26 February 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180226173927/http://citifmonline.com/2016/12/30/koforidua-regional-hospital-targeting-teaching-hospital-status/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/695417/koforidua-regional-hospital-celebrates-90-years.html|title=Koforidua Regional Hospital celebrates 90 years|publisher=}}</ref> E guzobere Ụlọ Ọgwụ Mpaghara Koforidua na 1926. Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ dị na Obodo New Jauben na Mpaghara Ọwụwa Anyanwụ. == Ọnọdụ mberede == A rụzigharịrị ngalaba mberede nke ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ na 2020 iji mee ka ohere maka ndị ọrịa ndị ọzọ n'oge ọrịa COVID-19. <ref>{{Cite web|date=2021-05-08|title=Eastern Regional Hospital upgrades coronavirus Treatment Centre|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/Eastern-Regional-Hospital-upgrades-coronavirus-Treatment-Centre-1255546|accessdate=2021-06-04|work=GhanaWeb|language=en}}</ref> == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}{{Regional Hospitals of Ghana}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3np42x7mtlmzq7jjasg4b310ug0fakx 0 76759 688379 655933 2026-07-17T23:46:10Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688379 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Message box/ambox.css"></templatestyles> {{Infobox hospital|name=Galmi Hospital|org_group=[[Serving In Mission]]|logo=|logo_size=|image=|image_size=225|alt=|caption=|coordinates={{coord|13.969461|5.666702|type:landmark|display=inline, title}}|location=[[Galmi]]|region=|state=|country=Niger|healthcare=Non-profit <!-- UK: NHS; AU/CA: Medicare; ELSE free-form text, e.g. Private -->|funding=Charitable,Public|type=District General|affiliation=|patron=|network=|standards=|emergency=Yes|beds=|speciality=|helipad=No|h1-number=|h1-length-f=|h1-length-m=|h1-surface=<!-- up to h12 -->|founded=<!-- cite in article as well -->|closed=|demolished=|website={{URL|http://galmi.org}}|other_links=|module=}}<templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles> {| class="infobox vcard" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" |Ụlọ Ọgwụ Galmi |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category" |[[Serving In Mission|Ịrụ Ọrụ]] |- | colspan="2" class="infobox-image" |<mapframe zoom="13" align="center" frameless="1" height="200" width="250">[ {"properties":{"title":"Galmi Hospital","fill-opacity":0.1,"stroke":"#525252","stroke-width":3,"fill":"#dbdbdb"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoshape","ids":"Q5519255"}, {"properties":{"stroke-width":3,"stroke":"#525252","title":"Galmi Hospital"},"type":"ExternalData","service":"geoline","ids":"Q5519255"}, {"type":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":[5.666702,13.969461],"type":"Point"},"properties":{"marker-color":"#919090","title":"Galmi Hospital","marker-symbol":"hospital"}} ]</mapframe><div class="infobox-caption"></div> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọdịdị ala |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe | class="infobox-data" |[[Galmi]], Niger |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Njikọ | class="infobox-data" |<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="geo-inline"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Galmi_Hospital&params=13.969461_N_5.666702_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°58′10′′N</span> <span class="longitude">5°40′00′′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x69;&#x62;&#x6F;&#x5F;&#x5F;&#x20;&#x1ECC;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;&#x20;&#x65;&#x7A;&#x69;&#x65;&#x20;&#x6E;&#x61;&#x20;&#x1ECD;&#x20;&#x62;&#x1EE5;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.969461°N 5.666702°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.969461; 5.666702</span></span></span>]</span></span><indicator name="coordinates"><span id="coordinates">[[Geographic coordinate system|Coordinates]]: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion">[https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Galmi_Hospital&params=13.969461_N_5.666702_E_type:landmark <span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°58′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">5°40′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.969461°N 5.666702°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">13.969461; 5.666702</span></span></span>]</span>[[Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas]]</span></indicator> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Nhazi |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Usoro nlekọta</div> | class="infobox-data" |Òtù Na-enweghị Uru |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ụdị | class="infobox-data category" |Mpaghara Ukwu |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Ọrụ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; ">Ngalaba mberede</div> | class="infobox-data" |Ee |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Helipads |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Helipad | class="infobox-data" |Mba |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef; color: inherit;" |Njikọ |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ | class="infobox-data" |<span class="url">[http://galmi.org galmi.org]</span> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Ndepụta | class="infobox-data" |Ụlọ ọgwụ na Niger |} [[Faịlụ:Galmi-Hospital 2006 Tommy-Sweets (14981822292).jpg|thumb|Ụlọ Ọgwụ Galmi ]] '''Ụlọ Ọgwụ Galmi''' bụ ụlọ ọgwụ izugbe ime obodo nke nwere akwa 184 nke SIM (Serving In Mission) na-elekọta n'obodo Galmi nke mba Niger. Ndị dọkịta na ndị nọọsụ sitere n'akụkụ ụwa niile na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ ọgwụ Galmi, tinyere ndị ọrụ ahụike a zụrụ azụ n'ógbè ahụ. Ndị ọrịa na-esi n'obodo nta na mba ndị gbara ya gburugburu na-aga ebe ahụ iji nweta nlekọta ahụike.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GALMI HOSPITAL, GALMI, NIGER|url=https://www.samaritanspurse.org/medical/mission-hospitals-galmi-hospital-galmi-niger/|accessdate=2021-03-11|work=Samaritan's Purse|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-04-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410211755/https://samaritanspurse.org/medical/mission-hospitals-galmi-hospital-galmi-niger/}}</ref> Ụlọ ọgwụ ahụ nwekwara mmemme HIV na-Ịrụ Ọrụ yana Nutritional Rehabilitation. == Edensibia == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> * {{Cite web|url=https://flickr.com/photos/stephenmo/collections/72157604235364581/|title=Photos of Galmi|work=Flickr}} [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p1vxkaa5nj3b998xuqsoulqrfuvp9m1 0 76772 688362 673901 2026-07-17T19:45:20Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688362 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Hatnote/styles.css"></templatestyles>  [[Faịlụ:Darren Kimura at US Japan Council 2013.jpg|thumb|Darren Kimura na 2013]] '''Darren T. Kimura''' (amụrụ na Septemba 10, 1974, Hilo, Hawaii) bụ onye ọchụnta ego America, onye na-emepụta ihe, na onye na-etinye ego. A maara ya nke ọma dị ka onye mepụtara teknụzụ micro concentrated solar power (CSP) <ref>{{Cite news|title=Niche Markets for micro-CSP Page|url=http://social.csptoday.com/emerging-markets/niche-markets-micro-csp|accessdate=2013-10-02}}</ref> nke a maara dị ka MicroCSP.<ref>{{Cite news|title=MicroCSP - Concentrating Solar Power|url=http://www.altenergymag.com/emagazine/2011/10/microcsp-concentrated-solar-power/1804}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=United States Patent and Trademark Office Trademark MicroCSP|url=http://trade.mar.cx/US77241333/|accessdate=2013-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306041036/http://trade.mar.cx/us77241333|archivedate=2016-03-06}}</ref> == Ndụ == A mụrụ Kimura n'aka ndị nne na Ndị Japan America na Hilo, Hawaii ma gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Waiakea High School . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Darren T. Kimura Class of 1992|url=http://waiakeahigh.k12.hi.us/library/NaMea%20Pages/Darren%20Kimura.htm|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232448/http://waiakeahigh.k12.hi.us/library/NaMea%20Pages/Darren%20Kimura.htm}}</ref> O nwetara ọkwa nke Eagle Scout dị ka onye otu na Boy Scouts of America. Ọ gụrụ Computer Science na Business Management na Mahadum nke Hawai'i na Mānoa . O mechara gaa Mahadum Portland State, na-amụ injinia eletrik na Mahadum Stanford na-amụ sayensị kọmputa ma bụrụ Alumni si na Stanford Graduate School of Business . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Stanford GSB Alumni Directory|url=https://alumni-gsb.stanford.edu/get/page/directory/profile/?qwe=6ACB13BAAA39F1D52AD9D87CA9469E95&returnto=results}}</ref> N'oge ọrịa na-efe efe nke afọ 2009, ''Newsweek'' kpuchiri ihe ịma aka Darren n'ịchọta Tamiflu n'ihi nchịkọta.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Newsweek: Why individual stockpiling of anti-flu medication is a bad idea|url=http://mag.newsweek.com/2009/04/30/healthy-hoarders.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ == Kimura began his career as an entrepreneur bringing the sport of paintball to Hawaii while still in high school. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> When attending the University of Hawaii at Manoa he worked in the Information and Computer Sciences department, where he launched Nalu Communications, an internet service provider.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Saipan Tribune Roundtable|url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=60624&cat=1|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004221545/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?newsID=60624&cat=1|archivedate=2013-10-04}}</ref> Mgbe e mesịrị, o kere ma gbasaa Energy Industries Corporation. Site na nkwado nke Energy Industries o kere Energy Laboratories,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Laboratories|work=Energy Industries Corporation|date=21 May 2013|url=http://www.energylaboratories.com/?page_id=2}}</ref> as an incubator for start-up companies, and Enerdigm Ventures,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Enerdigm Ventures|url=http://enerdigm.com/wp/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014732/http://enerdigm.com/wp/|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> a venture capital firm to seed and support early to growth stage companies. MicroCSP Technology and Sopogy, Inc. began as a spin-off of at Energy Laboratories and was initially funded by Kimura and Enerdigm Ventures.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy closes Series E funding|date=27 November 2012|url=http://www.altassets.net/private-equity-news/by-news-type/deal-news/us-solar-developer-sopogy-closes-series-e-funding-round.html}}</ref> Kimura and Enerdigm Ventures invested in the creation of [[LiveAction]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2014/02/11/darren-kimura-named-ceo-of-live-action.html|title=Darren Kimura named CEO of Live Action - Pacific Business News|work=bizjournals.com|accessdate=2018-08-01}}</ref> Kimura na Enerdigm Ventures tinyere ego n'ichepụta Spin Technology a Data ndabere ngwaahịa maka Google Workspace or Microsoft 365,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://codingsocieties.com/spin-technology-names-darren-t-kimura-as-executive-chairman/|title=Spin Technology Names Darren T. Kimura as Executive Chairman|author=Kimura|first=Darren|date=2020-01-10|work=News Break|accessdate=}}</ref> and Kimura joined Open Source technology provider [[ZEDEDA]] as its president and Chief Operating Officer. After spending 4 years at the company and completing its Series B<ref>{{Cite news|title=ZededaE Closes $26M Series B Funding Round as Distributed Edge Market Soars|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220721005120/en/ZEDEDA-Closes-%2426M-Series-B-Funding-Round-as-Distributed-Edge-Market-Soars}}</ref> and $72 Million Series C,<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Secures $72M in Growth Capital to Meet the Skyrocketing Demand for Edge AI and Computing|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240207876324/en/ZEDEDA-Secures-%2472M-in-Growth-Capital-to-Meet-the-Skyrocketing-Demand-for-Edge-AI-and-Computing}}</ref> Kimura joined AI Squared as its CEO. Ọ duziri imepụta na iwu nke ọrụ MicroCSP mbụ n'ụwa, nke a na-akpọ Holaniku na Keahole Point . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy inaugurates the World's first MicroCSP solar thermal plant using Sopogy's products|url=http://sopogy.com/blog/2009/12/10/sopogy-inaugurates-the-world%E2%80%99s-first-microcsp%E2%84%A2-solar-thermal-plant/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004234444/http://sopogy.com/blog/2009/12/10/sopogy-inaugurates-the-world%E2%80%99s-first-microcsp%E2%84%A2-solar-thermal-plant/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy introduces new solar technology at NELHA|date=11 December 2009|url=http://www.hawaii247.com/2009/12/11/sopogy-introduces-new-solar-technology-at-nelha/}}</ref> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nduzi na State of Hawaii Venture Capital fund.<ref>{{Cite web|title=HSDC Annual Report|url=http://lrbhawaii.info/reports/legrpts/dbedt/hsdc/211f_15hrs_11.pdf|accessdate=2026-06-17|archivedate=2016-03-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304042652/http://lrbhawaii.info/reports/legrpts/dbedt/hsdc/211f_15hrs_11.pdf}}</ref> Ihe ọ rụzuru n'azụmahịa emeela ka e gosipụta ya n'ihu ''MidWeek'', na ihu Pacific Edge, na Entrepreneur, na akwụkwọ 2007 The Greater Good: Life Lessons from Hawaii's Leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Midweek: The future's so bright|url=http://archives.midweek.com/content/story/midweek_coverstory/Darren_Kimura_Energy_Conservation_and_Management_Hawaii_/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Pacific Edge: The Energy Within|url=http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/b9bdde2b#/b9bdde2b/1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Wilson|first=Sara|title=Entrepreneur Magazine: Riding the Green Wave|work=Entrepreneur|date=21 August 2008|url=http://www.entrepreneur.com/article/196570}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=The Greater Good: Crazy to Visionary|url=http://www.greatergoodbooks.com/The_Greater_Good-sneak_peek.pdf}}</ref> Ọ bụkwa onye ọbịa na Al Gore na The Climate Reality Project na 24 Hours of Reality - The Dirty Weather Report . <ref>{{Cite web|title=The World's Oceans & Hawaii|url=http://climaterealityproject.org/24hours2012/live-broadcast/hour-06-the-worlds-oceans/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121114114340/http://climaterealityproject.org/24hours2012/live-broadcast/hour-06-the-worlds-oceans/|archivedate=2012-11-14}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya na nkwalite [[Ike na-adịgide adịgide|ike dị ọcha]] nke Ụlọ ọrụ eletrik Hawaiian, nke e gosipụtara n'oge APEC United States 2011 ma bụrụ onye edemede na blọọgụ Cisco na MedCity News.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawaiian Electric Green Energy|work=[[YouTube]]|date=July 2010|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCGM5y07TNU}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Kimura|first=Darren|title=Author|url=https://blogs.cisco.com/author/darrenkimura|work=Cisco.com|publisher=Cisco}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Future of AI in Healthcare Demands Transparency, Trust, and Human-Centered Design|date=23 May 2025|url=https://medcitynews.com/2025/05/the-future-of-ai-in-healthcare-demands-transparency-trust-and-human-centered-design/}}</ref> E gosipụtara ya maka echiche ya banyere isi ego na ọgụgụ isi aka na Silicon Valley Bank State of Enterprise Software Report na The Wall Street Journal na isiokwu gụnyere Immigration na AI Policy, na Newsweek na AI dị ka eji na kọleji.<ref>{{Cite web|title=State of Enterprise Software 2025|url=https://www.svb.com/trends-insights/reports/state-of-enterprise-software/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=www.svb.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Carlton|first=Jim|date=May 25, 2025|title=Immigration Is the Only Thing Propping Up California's Population|url=https://www.wsj.com/business/california-population-growth-immigration-h-1b-visa-4b526478}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Loten|first=Angus|date=July 9, 2025|title=After Setback, Tech Firms Renew Push for Federal AI Regulation|work=Wall Street Journal|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/after-setback-tech-firms-renew-push-for-federal-ai-regulation-cc2b26d5?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Blake|first=Suzanne|date=Jul 31, 2025|title=Half of Students Say AI Is Most Important Skill They'll Learn in College|work=[[Newsweek]]|url=https://www.newsweek.com/half-students-say-ai-most-important-skill-theyll-learn-college-2107250}}</ref> N'afọ 2012, Kimura malitere mkpọsa <ref>{{Cite web|title=Facebook Daniel K. Inouye Honolulu International Airport Facebook Page|work=[[Facebook]]|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/472213349509067}}</ref> iji gbanwee aha Honolulu International Airport ka ọ bụrụ Daniel K. Inouye International Airport, iji sọpụrụ onye omeiwu [[Hawaii]] nwụrụ anwụ Daniel Inouye nke e nwetara na 2017. <ref>{{Cite web|title=KHON 2 Honolulu airport renamed after late Sen. Daniel Inouye|work=KHON2|date=29 April 2017|url=https://www.khon2.com/local-news/honolulu-airport-renamed-after-late-sen-daniel-inouye/}}</ref> === Ụlọ Ọrụ Na-emepụta Ike === Kimura malitere Energy Conservation Hawaii na 1994, <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Future's So Bright…|url=http://archives.midweek.com/content/story/midweek_coverstory/Darren_Kimura_Energy_Conservation_and_Management_Hawaii_/}}</ref> site n'azụ SUV ya, <ref>{{Cite news|title=Success built on CEO's work ethic|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2006/Nov/08/bz/FP611080319.html}}</ref> na-eji bọọdụ ya dị ka tebụl ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=From surfer to renewable energy entrepreneur|url=http://www.bizgym.com/2009/08/green-success-story-daren-kimura-trades-in-his-surfboard-for-a-thriving-renewable-energy-business/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004230014/http://www.bizgym.com/2009/08/green-success-story-daren-kimura-trades-in-his-surfboard-for-a-thriving-renewable-energy-business/}}</ref> N'ime afọ ole na ole, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ruru $ 50 nde na ego ha nwetara wee malite mgbasawanye mba.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Success build on CEO's work ethic|url=http://the.honoluluadvertiser.com/article/2006/Nov/08/bz/FP611080319.html}}</ref> Kimura gbanwere aha ụlọ ọrụ ahụ ka ọ bụrụ Energy Industries Corporation ịrịọ maka ahịa obodo ya, ma ọ ka bụ onye nwe oke. Echiche dị n'okpuru maka ịmepụta Energy Industries Corporation bụ iji nyere aka mee ka arụmọrụ ike dị mfe. N'ọrụ ya na Energy Industries Corporation, Kimura nyere Energy Star na ebe ndị dị ka Hawaii, Palau, Guam na Saipan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawaii Business: Energy Savers|url=http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii-Business/May-2001/Light-Savers/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005014137/http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii-Business/May-2001/Light-Savers/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Star in Palau|url=http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/27/energy-star-in-palau/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232158/http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/27/energy-star-in-palau/|archivedate=2013-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Star in Guam|url=http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/25/energy-star-in-guam/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000751/http://darrentkimura.com/2006/01/25/energy-star-in-guam/|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Energy Division sponsors energy-saving workshop|url=http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=60711|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004258/http://www.saipantribune.com/newsstory.aspx?cat=1&newsID=60711|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> N'afọ 2008, e gosipụtara ụlọ ọrụ Energy Industries Corporation na akụkọ The Wall Street Journal "Alternative State", banyere ọrụ ike na-agbanwe agbanwe nke e mepụtara na Hawaii. <ref>{{Cite news|title=The Wall Street Journal Alternative State|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121432274606000209|work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> === MicroCSP === Emepụtara echiche maka teknụzụ MicroCSP mgbe Kimura nwara ịwụnye ebe nchekwa ike anyanwụ na Kona, Hawaii. N'ịghọta na ọ bụ enweghị akụ na ụba na ọ bụghị ihe bara uru iji ụgbọ mmiri, wụnye ma rụọ ọrụ nnukwu ihe ndị dị otú ahụ na ebe dịpụrụ adịpụ dị ka Hawaii, Kimura na-arụ ọrụ n'ibelata akụkụ nke onye na-anakọta anyanwụ bụ nke mere ka ọ gbanwee nkà na ụzụ na itinye ihe eji eme ihe. MicroCSP na-eji maka obodo-sized ike osisi (1 MW ka 50 MW), maka ulo oru, ugbo na n'ichepụta 'usoro okpomọkụ' ngwa, na mgbe nnukwu ego nke mmiri ọkụ dị mkpa, dị ka ebe igwu mmiri ọdọ mmiri, mmiri ogige, nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ na-asa ákwà, sterilization, distillation na ndị ọzọ dị otú ahụ ojiji. MIT mụọkwara iji teknụzụ MicroCSP n'ọgbọ ike na-eji Organic Rankine Cycle. Kimura trademarked the term MicroCSP and later released the term for use in the public domain to help accelerate MicroCSP adoption. His [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|US]] Patent on the idea (U.S. patent 20,080,127,967) served as the basis for other MicroCSP inventions. Companies producing MicroCSP technologies include GlassPoint Solar Abengoa Solar Aora Sun2Power Chromasun SolarLite NEP Solar Novatec Solar Industrial Solar Focal Point Energy SunTrough Focused Sun Heat 2 Power and Nanogen and Tamuz Energy. === Akụkọ ifo === Ụlọ ọrụ Solar Power Technology ma ọ bụ "Sopogy", bụ onye na-eweta teknụzụ okpomọkụ anyanwụ, e hiwere ya na 2002 na Honolulu, ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ dị ọcha nke dị na Hawaii nke a maara dị ka Energy Laboratories . <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy Website|url=http://sopogy.com/company/}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ malitere nyocha ya na itinye uche na ike okpomọkụ nke anyanwụ iji mepụta uzuoku anyanwụ na okpomọkụ okpomọkụ maka absorption chillers ma ọ bụ okpomọkụ usoro mmepụta ihe. Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ emepụtala ngwa ndị na-ejikọta ndị na-anakọta anyanwụ na-emepụta ọkụ eletrik na nsị. Kimura kere aha ụlọ ọrụ site na iwere akụkụ nke isi okwu gụnyere "SO" sitere na Solar, "PO" site na "Ike", na "GY" site na "Energy and Technology".<ref>{{Cite web|title=About Sopogy|url=http://sopogy.com/about/index.php?id=16#3|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170108211657/http://sopogy.com/about/index.php?id=16#3|archivedate=2017-01-08}}</ref> Ndị otu OEM na ndị na-ere ahịa IPP dị na Honolulu tinyere nyocha na mmepe ya, na 2006 ọ gbasaa mmepụta ya, C&amp;amp;I, na ndị na'ere mmanụ na gas na ụlọ ọrụ Silicon Valley. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Sopogy returns to Manoa Innovation Center|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/blog/2013/06/sopogy-inc-returns-to-original-office.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Hawaii tech firms move offices and expand facilities to Mainland|url=http://sopogy.com/blog/2007/12/28/hawaii-tech-firms-move-offices-and-expand-facilities-to-mainland/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005022545/http://sopogy.com/blog/2007/12/28/hawaii-tech-firms-move-offices-and-expand-facilities-to-mainland/}}</ref> Sopogy etinyela 200 megawatts na China, na 360 megawatts Na Thailand.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy announced the installation of 200 megawatts of CSP in China|url=http://www.helioscsp.com/noticia.php?id_not=269|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005043903/http://www.helioscsp.com/noticia.php?id_not=269|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy Lands 200MW China Project for Thermal Storage|url=http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/post/2010/12/sopogy-lands-200mw-china-project-for-thermal-energy-storage}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy signs agreement on Thai solar project|url=http://www.renewableenergyfocus.com/view/19449/sopogy-signs-agreement-on-thai-solar-project/}}</ref> Kimura na Sopogy, tinyere First Solar, gosipụtara na akwụkwọ akụkọ Whole Foods Market Thrive. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Whole Foods features Sopogy and First Solar|work=[[YouTube]]|date=25 July 2011|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uDNavtgu9yc}}</ref> N'afọ 2011, e nyere Sopogy ihe nrite APEC Business Innovation Award, ma gosipụta ya n'ihu akwụkwọ akụkọ ''Los Angeles Times''. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy is APEC Honolulu technology showcase winner|url=http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/blog/2011/november/apec-business-spotlight-sopogy-apec-honolulu-technology-sho|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004235416/http://www.ustr.gov/about-us/press-office/blog/2011/november/apec-business-spotlight-sopogy-apec-honolulu-technology-sho|archivedate=2013-10-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Darren Kimura, CEO of Sopogy, at the firm's solar facility on Hawaii's Big Island|url=http://www.latimes.com/lat-fi-green-haw_kw5gonc,0,2184478.photo#axzz2oPmanlY1|work=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Sopogy rụzuru usoro ego E họọrọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2012 nke Mitsui &amp;amp; Co. na SunEdison, ụlọ ọrụ anyanwụ US, Sempra Energy, 3M, na ndị ọzọ duziri.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sopogy strengthens its financial status|date=30 August 2022|url=http://www.csp-world.com/news/20121203/00635/sopogy-strengthens-its-financial-status|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225161917/http://www.csp-world.com/news/20121203/00635/sopogy-strengthens-its-financial-status|archivedate=December 25, 2013}}</ref> Ụlọ ọrụ ahụ mara ọkwa na Darren Kimura agbahapụla dị ka onyeisi oche, onye isi nchịkwa na onyeisi oche na March 2013, na SunEdison tinye otu n'ime ndị isi ya dị ka onyeisi oche nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sopogy Names SunEdison Exec to top leadership role|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/article/2013-03-19/arQyXkwW7p_k.html|work=Bloomberg}}</ref> Mgbe ọ rụchara oge, Darren Kimura hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Mee 2013.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darren Kimura Blog - What's next?|url=http://darrentkimura.com/2013/07/27/whats-next/|accessdate=2013-12-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023000825/http://darrentkimura.com/2013/07/27/whats-next/|archivedate=2013-10-23}}</ref> Hitachi Power Systems nwetara Sopogy na 2014. <ref>{{Cite web|title=MicroCSP still looking good in Sopogy's wake|url=http://social.csptoday.com/markets/micro-csp-still-looking-good-sopogy%E2%80%99s-wake|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520142539/http://social.csptoday.com/markets/micro-csp-still-looking-good-sopogy%E2%80%99s-wake|archivedate=May 20, 2014}}</ref> === Ihe nkiri Live === Enerdigm Ventures tinyere ego na ntọala nke LiveAction, Inc., ụlọ ọrụ njikwa netwọkụ ụlọ ọrụ nke bụbu ọrụ gọọmentị kwadoro na 2007 na Referentia Systems, Inc.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ActionPacked Networks Rebrands and Launches as LiveAction|url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/actionpacked_networks_rebrands_and_launches_as_liveaction/prweb11547284.htm}}</ref> and Kimura joined the company as chairman of the Board of Directors, Executive Chairman<ref>{{Cite web|title=LiveAction Leadership Team|url=http://actionpacked.com/company/team}}</ref> and later as chief executive officer.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Darren Kimura joins LiveAction as Chief Executive Officer|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2014/02/11/darren-kimura-named-ceo-of-live-action.html}}</ref> The company is best known for its NetFlow visualization capabilities  and quality of service monitoring and configuration capabilities.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cisco: Rule the World of Application QoS|url=http://blogs.cisco.com/enterprise/rule-the-world-of-application-qos-with-cisco-avc-and-actionpacked-networks/|date=2013-06-11}}</ref> Kimura led LiveAction to achieve a place on the Cisco Solutions Plus Program  and completed LiveAction's Series A financing that included participation by Enerdigm Ventures,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140904006444/en/LiveAction-Secures-5.35-Million-Series-Financing-AITV|title=LiveAction Secures $5.35 Million Series A Financing from AITV and Cisco Investments|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en}}</ref> Sway Ventures,<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-16|title=LiveAction Secures $5.35 Million Series A Financing from Sway Ventures and Cisco Investments|url=https://medium.com/@swayventures/liveaction-secures-5-35-b208c35b50d9|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref> In-Q-Tel<ref>{{Cite web|date=2022-05-27|title=LiveAction announces long-term behavioral analytics capabilities in its ThreatEye NV platform|url=https://www.helpnetsecurity.com/2022/05/27/liveaction-threateye-nv-platform/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=Help Net Security|language=en-US}}</ref> and Cisco Systems<ref>{{Cite web|title=LiveAction Secures $5.35 Million Series A Financing from AITV and Cisco Investments|work=VentureBeat|url=https://venturebeat.com/2014/09/04/liveaction-secures-5-35-million-series-a-financing-from-aitv-and-cisco-investments/|date=2014-09-04|accessdate=2026-06-17|archivedate=2021-12-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202135323/https://venturebeat.com/2014/09/04/liveaction-secures-5-35-million-series-a-financing-from-aitv-and-cisco-investments/}}</ref> LiveAction expanded its capabilities in scale to achieve an industry leading 1 million flows per second  Under Kimura, LiveAction launched LiveAgent to extend visibility to the network end point<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/resources/solution-briefs/liveagent-solution-brief/|title=LiveAgent Solution Brief - The Endpoint Visibility Challenge|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> and LiveAction completed a $36 million Series B financing led by Insight Venture Partners, Cisco Systems and AITV in early 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160215005756/en/LiveAction-Secures-36-Million-Series-Financing-Insight|title=LiveAction Secures $36 Million Series B Financing from Insight Venture Partners, Accelerate-IT Ventures, and Cisco Investments {{!}} Business Wire|work=www.businesswire.com|accessdate=2016-03-01|date=2016-02-16}}</ref> In December 2017, Kimura led the acquisition of LivingObjects' Service Provider network monitoring platform<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/company/press-releases/liveaction-acquires-living-objects-network-monitoring-platform/|title=LiveAction Acquires LivingObjects' Network Monitoring Platform|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> and to the creation of the LiveSP business unit at LiveAction.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/company/press-releases/launch-livesp-network-monitoring-solution/|title=LiveAction Bolsters Commitment to Global Managed Network Services Market with Launch of LiveSP Network Monitoring Solution|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> In June 2018, Kimura led the acquisition of Savvius<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.liveaction.com/company/press-releases/liveaction-acquires-leading-packet-capture-savvius/|title=LiveAction Acquires Leading Packet Capture Savvius, Inc.|work=LiveAction|accessdate=2018-08-01|language=en-US}}</ref> formerly known as WildPackets<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://betanews.com/2015/04/16/wildpackets-becomes-savvius-and-switches-focus-to-security/|title=WildPackets becomes Savvius and switches focus to security|work=betanews.com|language=en|accessdate=2018-08-01|date=2015-04-16}}</ref> famous for their OmniPeek protocol analysis software. Kimura retired from LiveAction business operations in 2019. LiveAction was acquired by BlueCat Networks in 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Devito|first=Stephen|date=2024-10-25|title=BlueCat acquires LiveAction to drive network modernization and optimization|url=https://bluecatnetworks.com/blog/bluecat-acquires-liveaction-to-drive-network-modernization-and-optimization/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=BlueCat Networks|language=en-US}}</ref> === Nkà na ụzụ Spin === N'afọ 2020, Enerdigm Ventures tinyere ego na Spin Technology, Inc., nke a maara dị ka SpinBackup ngwaahịa ndabere data maka G-Suite ma ọ bụ Office 365 na Kimura sonyeere ụlọ ọrụ ahụ dị ka onyeisi oche nke ndị nduzi na onye isi oche. ebe o mepụtara SpinOne, ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na-enye ngwaahịa a na-akpọkwa Spin.ai. Nkà na ụzụ ahụ na-enye nchebe data dabeere na API maka azụmaahịa dị oke egwu SaaS na gburugburu G Suite na Office 365, nyocha ihe ize ndụ nke ngwa na ndọtị maka G-Suite na Cyber Liability Insurance . <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kimura|first=Darren|title=Cyber Liability Insurance|journal=Cyber Defense Magazine|date=September 2020|volume=September 2020|issue=September 2020|url=https://www.cyberdefensemagazine.com/e-magazines}}</ref> Spin.ai nwere ọkwa 4.9 n'ime 5 na ahịa G Suite. N'afọ 2022, Spin Technology mechiri ego ya nke Series A na Enerdigm Ventures na Kimura hapụrụ ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. === Zededa === N'afọ 2021, Kimura sonyeere Zededa, ihe ngwọta nhazi nke igwe ojii na-emeghe, nke a na-ekesa, dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi ọrụ ya.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Accelerates Growth with New Executive Hires, Opening of European Headquarters in Berlin|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210428005094/en/ZEDEDA-Accelerates-Growth-with-New-Executive-Hires-Opening-of-European-Headquarters-in-Berlin|accessdate=2025-01-10|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ na Zededa, Kimura dugara n'inweta $ 26 nde Series B na $ 72 nde Series C ego <ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Closes $26M Series B Funding Round as Distributed Edge Market Soars|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220721005120/en/ZEDEDA-Closes-26M-Series-B-Funding-Round-as-Distributed-Edge-Market-Soars|accessdate=2025-01-10|language=en}}</ref> na $ 400 nde post-money valuation.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Zededa Secures $72M in Growth Capital to Meet the Skyrocketing Demand for Edge AI and Computing|url=https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240207876324/en/ZEDEDA-Secures-72M-in-Growth-Capital-to-Meet-the-Skyrocketing-Demand-for-Edge-AI-and-Computing|accessdate=2025-01-10|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|date=2024-02-07|title=Startup Zededa Raises $72 Million to Power AI Tools|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-07/startup-zededa-raises-72-million-to-power-ai-tools?embedded-checkout=true|accessdate=2025-01-10|work=Bloomberg.com|language=en}}</ref> Mgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ 4 nke ije ozi gasịrị, Kimura kwupụtara ọpụpụ ya na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ na Q4 2024.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7246686477965795328/|title=Darren Kimura on LinkedIn: #edgecomputing #opensource #newbeginnings #thankyou #ai #edgecomputing… &#124; 51 comments}}</ref> === Margo === Mgbe ọ nọ na Zededa, Kimura jere ozi na kọmitii na-eduzi Margo, atụmatụ Linux Foundation maka imekọ ihe ọnụ na nsọtụ nke usoro mmepụta ihe.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Linux Foundation Launches Margo to Deliver Long-awaited Edge Interoperability|url=https://www.linuxfoundation.org/press/linux-foundation-launches-margo-to-deliver-long-awaited-edge-interoperability|accessdate=2025-01-10|work=www.linuxfoundation.org|language=en}}</ref> === AI Square === N'afọ 2024, a mara ọkwa Kimura dị ka onye isi oche na onye isi ọrụ nke AI Squared, ụlọ ọrụ New Enterprise Associates kwadoro. <ref>{{Cite web|title=NEA Portfolio: AI Squared|url=https://www.nea.com/portfolio/ai-squared|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=www.nea.com|language=en}}</ref> A kwalitere Kimura ka ọ bụrụ Onye isi oche na Onye isi nchịkwa na Machị 2025. Ụlọ ọrụ teknụzụ na-eji eme ihe abụọ, AI Squared nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ na Ngalaba Nchebe US gụnyere onyinye na Naval Information Warfare Systems Command, na Ngalaba Na-ahụ Maka Nchebe Joint Artificial Intelligence Center (JAIC), Nkwekọrịta Nkwekọ Mmepe na Nnyocha (CRADA) na National Security Agency (NSA), na National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), na nkwekọrịta na Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab.<ref name="bh">{{Cite web|author=Harvey|first=Benjamin|date=2022-06-27|title=AI Squared raises $6M to help companies integrate AI into existing applications — Question &...|url=https://medium.com/@benjamin.harvey/ai-squared-raises-6m-to-help-companies-integrate-ai-into-existing-applications-question-2a58e0cf3a0c|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=Medium|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-29|title=AI Squared Raises $13.8M Series A To Improve Business Workflows With AI Insights|url=https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/ai-squared-raises-13-8m-series-a-to-improve-business-workflows-with-ai-insights/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=POCIT. Telling the stories and thoughts of the underrepresented in tech.|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-04-29|title=AI Squared Raises $13.8M Series A To Improve Business Workflows With AI Insights|url=https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/ai-squared-raises-13-8m-series-a-to-improve-business-workflows-with-ai-insights/|accessdate=2025-05-24|work=POCIT. Telling the stories and thoughts of the underrepresented in tech.|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="bh" /> == Onyinye == Kimura natara onyinye 2002 SBA Young Entrepreneur of the Year. <ref>{{Cite news|title=No small success Page|url=http://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/03/12/business/index2.html}}</ref> A na-asọpụrụ ya dị ka 2007 Green Entrepreneur, ma nata onyinye Blue Planet Foundation na 2009. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Darren T. Kimura wins Green Entrepreneur of the Year Award|url=http://altenergymag.com/news_detail.php?pr_id=3246|accessdate=2013-10-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=Darren T. Kimura receives Blue Planet Foundation Award|url=http://social.csptoday.com/technology/sopogy-ceo-receives-blue-planet-foundation-award}}</ref> Ọ nwetakwara onyinye Hawaii Venture Capital Association Deal of the Year na 2012. <ref>{{Cite news|title=Entrepreneur, Deal of the Year awards announced|url=http://www.hawaiistar.com/2013/01/entrepreneur-deal-of-the-year-awards-announced/}}</ref> A kpọrọ ya aha na 2010 Hawaii Business Magazine's "10 for Today", ya na onye na-egwu baseball Shane Victorino, na onye guzobere eBay, Pierre Omidyar, ma kpọọ ya aha na Pacific Business News's "10 to Watch in 2013", ya na onye mmepe egwuregwu vidio na onye na'ere egwuregwu Tetris Henk Rogers.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hawaii Business Magazine: 10 For Today|url=http://www.hawaiibusiness.com/Hawaii-Business/March-2010/10-For-Today/|accessdate=2013-10-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|title=10 to Watch: Hawaii business leaders face risks and rewards in 2013|url=http://www.bizjournals.com/pacific/news/2013/01/04/10-to-watch-hawaii-business-leaders.html}}</ref> == Ọrụ ndị na-abụghị uru == Kimura na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ọrụ obodo na ọrụ ebere na-elekwasị anya na Hawaii. Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka osote onye isi oche na onye nduzi na Blue Planet Foundation, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Blue Planet Foundation Board of Directors|url=http://blueplanetfoundation.org/board-of-directors.html|date=2016-12-10|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004310/http://blueplanetfoundation.org/board-of-directors.html}}</ref> na osote onye nduzi ma onye nduzi dị na SEE-IT (Science Engineering Exposition of Innovative Technologies), <ref>{{Cite web|title=SEE-IT Foundation Board of Directors|url=http://see-it-hawaii.com/contact-us/|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005005657/http://see-it-hawaii.com/contact-us/|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> Ọ nọkwa na bọọdụ ndị nduzi na PBS Hawaii, <ref>{{Cite web|title=PBS Hawaii Board of Directors|url=http://www.pbshawaii.org/about/about_boardofdirectors.php|accessdate=2013-10-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005021921/http://www.pbshawaii.org/about/about_boardofdirectors.php|archivedate=2013-10-05}}</ref> bụ onye ọchụnta ego bi na Punahou School, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Punahou Entrepreneur in Residence|url=http://www.punahou.edu/luke-center-for-public-service/entrepreneurs-in-residence/index.aspx|accessdate=2013-10-02|archivedate=2013-10-05|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005000557/http://www.punahou.edu/luke-center-for-public-service/entrepreneurs-in-residence/index.aspx}}</ref> ọ nọ na bọọdụ nduzi na Enterprise Honolulu, Oahu Economic Development Board, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Enterprise Honolulu|url=http://www.enterprisehonolulu.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=5|accessdate=2026-06-17|archivedate=2018-02-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204182318/http://www.enterprisehonolulu.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5&Itemid=5}}</ref> ma nọrọ na Dean's Council of University of Hawaii na Manoa's College of Engineering.<ref>{{Cite web|title=College of Engineering Dean's Council|url=http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/about/deans-council/|accessdate=2013-11-02|archivedate=2017-04-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170417140346/http://www.eng.hawaii.edu/about/deans-council/}}</ref> Kimura na-akwado Hawaii Island Science Fair "Kimura Award for Innovations in Clean Energy " nke e nyere Felix Peng (2016) nke Waiakea High School, Ben Kubo (2017) nke Parker School, Cesar Rivera (2017) nke St Joseph School of Hilo.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://twitter.com/hidsef/status/705275037398409216|title=Twitter Hawaii Science Fair|author=|first=|date=2016-03-02|work=|publisher=|accessdate=2019-10-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://hilo.hawaii.edu/affiliates/sigmaxi/documents/AwardsListing2016RESULTS.pdf|title=Hawaii Island Science Fair 2016|author=|first=|date=|work=|publisher=|accessdate=}}</ref> Ọzọkwa na 2017, Kimura gbasaa ihe nrite Hawaii Island Science Fair iji tinye "Kimura Award for Innovations in Computer Science" nke e nyere Ara Uhr nke Hilo High School.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://darrentkimura.com/1333-2/|title=Kimura Award Winners for IT and Clean Energy 2017 {{!}} Darren T. Kimura|work=darrentkimura.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2018-08-01|date=2017-02-19}}</ref> Kimura na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye ndụmọdụ na Japan Innovation Campus nke dị na Silicon Valley, Palo Alto CA nke Ministri akụ na ụba, azụmahịa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Japan na-akwado dị ka atụmatụ nke atụmatụ mmalite afọ ise nke gọọmentị Japan <ref>{{Cite web|title=The Information: Japan's new appetite for risk lures venture capital|url=https://www.theinformation.com/articles/japans-new-appetite-for-risk-lures-venture-investors-to-tokyo}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=JETRO Startup Development Five-year Plan|date=2025|url=https://www.jetro.go.jp/en/invest/investment_environment/ijre/report2023/ch3/sec10.html}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Ndepụta nke ndị metụtara ike na-agbanwe agbanwe * Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ anyanwụ * [[SolarPACES|Ụzọ ndị na-esi eme ihe]] * Onye na-anakọta okpomọkụ anyanwụ * Intersolar == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] [[Otú:Articles with hCards]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7641k24zgwv0stlv6ykimi382hgpyuh 0 76998 688380 671705 2026-07-17T23:52:40Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688380 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Template:Template for discussion/styles.css" /> [[Faịlụ:Pashtun people.jpg|thumb|Ndi Pashtum ]] <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  Pashtuns<sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="7" href="./Afghanistan" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan, Western Pakistan, and elsewhere, most of whom are Muslim in religion [C17: from Hindi]|access-date=1 January 2012}}<nowiki></ref></nowiki><nowiki><ref name=\"Fürer-Haimendorf-1985\">{{cite book|last=von Fürer-Haimendorf|first=Christoph|author-link=Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf|title=Tribal populations and cultures of the Indian subcontinent|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aRSOnRfPAq0C&pg=PA126|series=Handbuch der Orientalistik/2,7|year=1985|publisher=[[E. J. Brill]]|location=Leiden|isbn=90-04-07120-2|page=126|oclc=240120731|access-date=22 July 2019}}</ref></nowiki>}}"}},"i":0}}]}" data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="cite_ref-34" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Transclusion mw:Extension/ref">[./Pashtuns#cite_note-34 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup> bụ Agbụrụ Iran nke bi na ndịda na ọwụwa anyanwụ Afghanistan na ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Pakistan. <ref name="Caldwell2011">{{Cite book|author=Dan Caldwell|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wSvp3VTGRecC&pg=PA36|title=Vortex of Conflict: U.S. Policy Toward Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Iraq|date=17 February 2011|publisher=Stanford University Press|isbn=978-0-8047-7666-0|quote=A majority of Pashtuns live south of the Hindu Kush (the 500-mile mountain range that covers northwestern Pakistan to central and eastern Pakistan) and with some Persian-speaking ethnic groups.}}</ref> A na-akpọ ha '''Ndị Afghanistan''' n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ọbụna n'ime afọ ndị 1970, ọ bụ ezie na iwu nke 1923 malitere iji 'Afghans' dị ka aha mmụọ ọjọọ maka ụmụ amaala niile nke Alaeze ahụ, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ ha, iji mepụta njirimara mba Afghanistan.[h]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/constitutional-history-of-afghanistan|title=Constitutional History of Afghanistan|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]|accessdate=2010-12-08}}</ref><ref name="AO-1923">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afghan-web.com/history/const/const1923.html|title=Constitution of Afghanistan (1923)|publisher=Afghanistan Online|accessdate=2010-12-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226102808/http://www.afghan-web.com/history/const/const1923.html|archivedate=2015-02-26}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Constitution of the Kingdom of Afghanistan – Wikisource, the free online library|url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Kingdom_of_Afghanistan|accessdate=29 March 2024|work=en.wikisource.org|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Tyler|first=John A.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9_hLEAAAQBAJ&dq=term+afghan+other+ethnic+groups&pg=PT110|title=Afghanistan Graveyard of Empires: Why the Most Powerful Armies of Their Time Found Only Defeat or Shame in This Land of Endless Wars|date=10 October 2021|publisher=Aries Consolidated LLC|isbn=978-1-387-68356-7|language=en|quote=The largest ethnic group in Afghanistan is that of Pashtuns, who were historically known as the Afghans. The term Afghan is now intended to indicate people of other ethnic groups as well.}}</ref> Ndị Pashtun na-asụ Asụsụ Pashto, nke sitere na alaka Eastern Iran nke Ezinụlọ asụsụ Iran. A na-asụ asụsụ Wanetsi karịsịa n'etiti ndị Pashtun nke Agbụrụ Tareen na Pakistan, na Ormuri n'etiti ụmụ Ormur na ndị Wazir Pashtuns. Tụkwasị na nke a, Dari na-eje ozi dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ nke ndị Pashtun na [[Afghanistan]], <ref>{{Cite news|author=Bodetti|first=Austin|title=What will happen to Afghanistan's national languages?|url=https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2019/7/11/what-will-happen-to-afghanistans-national-languages|work=The New Arab|date=11 July 2019}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|author=Chiovenda|first=Andrea|title=Crafting Masculine Selves: Culture, War, and Psychodynamics in Afghanistan|date=12 November 2019|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-007355-8|language=en|quote=Niamatullah knew Persian very well, as all the educated Pashtuns generally do in Afghanistan}}</ref> ebe ndị nọ na Pakistan na-asụ Urdu na [[Asụsụ Bekee|Bekee]]. <sup class="mw-ref reference" cx-link="" data-linkid="30" href="./Hindi" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Hindi">Hindi- and Urdu-language media, especially Bollywood films and songs, and being educated in Urdu-language schools, both of which contributed to the decline of Dari, even among urban Pashtuns.<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-date<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;14 March 2018<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;},<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;archive-url<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:{<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;wt<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;:<nowiki>&</nowiki>quot;<nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20180314042412/http://media.nationalgeographic.org/assets/file/asia_8.pdf&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;url-status&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wt&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;dead&amp;quot;}},&amp;quot;i&amp;quot;:0}}</nowiki>]}\" data-ve-no-generated-contents=\"true\" id=\"mwDAY\"><nowiki>&</nowiki>nbsp;<nowiki></span></nowiki><nowiki><cite about=\"#mwt145\" class=\"citation web cs1\" id=\"CITEREFHakala2012\" data-ve-ignore=\"\">Hakala, Walter N. (2012). </cite></nowiki>"}}" id="cite_ref-2012Hakala_27-1" rel="dc:references" typeof="mw:Extension/ref">[./Pashtuns#cite_note-2012Hakala-27 <span class="mw-reflink-text"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket"><nowiki>]</nowiki></span></span>]</sup><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Saddiqa|first=Ayesha|title=The Role of Pashto (as L1) and Urdu (as L2) in English Language Learning|journal=Linguistics and Literature Review|date=2018|volume=4|issue=1|pages=1–17|doi=10.29145/2018/llr/040101|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326269319|issn=2221-6510}}</ref> Na [[Ndia|India]], ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị sitere na Pashtun enweghị ike ikwu Pashto ma na-asụ Hindi na asụsụ mpaghara ndị ọzọ, ebe ndị nọ na Iran na-asị Southern Pashto, na Persian dị ka asụsụ nke abụọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|date=1877|title=Hindu Society and English Rule|journal=[[The Westminster Review]]|language=English|volume=108|issue=213–214}}</ref><ref name="Green2017">{{Cite book|author=Green|first=Nile|title=Afghanistan's Islam: From Conversion to the Taliban|date=2017|publisher=[[University of California Press]]|isbn=978-0-520-29413-4|language=English|quote=Many of the communities of ethnic Pashtuns (known as Pathans in India) that had emerged in India over the previous centuries lived peaceably among their Hindu neighbors. Most of these Indo-Afghans lost the ability to speak Pashto and instead spoke Hindi and Punjabi.}}</ref><ref name="Krishnamurthy2013">{{Cite web|url=http://www.gatewayhouse.in/kabul-diary-discovering-the-indian-connection/|title=Kabul Diary: Discovering the Indian connection|author=Krishnamurthy|first=Rajeshwari|date=28 June 2013|publisher=Gateway House: Indian Council on Global Relations|language=en|accessdate=13 March 2018|quote=Most Afghans in Kabul understand and/or speak Hindi, thanks to the popularity of Indian cinema in the country.}}</ref> Ndị Pashtuns mejupụtara agbụrụ kachasị ukwuu n'ụwa, nke nwere nde mmadụ 60-70, na n'etiti agbụrụ 350-400, tinyere agbụrụ ndị ọzọ. E nwere echiche dịgasị iche iche maka mmalite maka ndị mmadụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.ag-afghanistan.de/files/glatzer/tribal_system.pdf|title=The Pashtun Tribal System|author=Glatzer|first=Bernt|date=2002|publisher=Concept Publishers|accessdate=25 January 2015|archivedate=16 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210816190736/http://www.ag-afghanistan.de/files/glatzer/tribal_system.pdf}}</ref><ref name="Romano1">{{Cite book|title=A Historical Atlas of Afghanistan|author=Romano|first=Amy|year=2003|publisher=The Rosen Publishing Group|isbn=0-8239-3863-8|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalatlaso0000roma|accessdate=17 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="Jamestown">{{Cite web|url=http://www.jamestown.org/programs/gta/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=891&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=181&no_cache=1|title=Profiles of Pakistan's Seven Tribal Agencies|author=Syed Saleem Shahzad|date=20 October 2006|accessdate=22 April 2010}}</ref><ref name="NatGeo">{{Cite web|url=http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0311/feature2/images/mp_download.2.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227220328/http://ngm.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0311/feature2/images/mp_download.2.pdf|archivedate=27 February 2008|title=Ethnic map of Afghanistan|publisher=[[National Geographic Society]]|work=Thomas Gouttierre, Center For Afghanistan Studies, [[University of Nebraska at Omaha]]; Matthew S. Baker, [[Stratfor]]|year=2003|accessdate=24 October 2010}}</ref><ref name="Ethnologue-Pashto1993">{{Cite web|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pbt|title=Ethnologue report for Southern Pashto: Iran (1993)|publisher=[[Ethnologue]]: Languages of the World|work=[[SIL International]]|accessdate=18 February 2016}}</ref><ref name="ThoughtCo">{{Cite web|title=Who Are the Pashtun People of Afghanistan and Pakistan?|url=https://www.thoughtco.com/who-are-the-pashtun-195409|accessdate=14 August 2022|work=ThoughtCo|language=en}}</ref> N'afọ 2021, Shahid Javed Burki mere atụmatụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Pashtun dị n'agbata nde 60 na nde 70, na nde 15 na Afghanistan. Ndị ọzọ na-anabata ọnụ ọgụgụ nde 15 gụnyere onye nkuzi Britain bụ Tim Willasey-Wilsey yana Abubakar Siddique, onye nta akụkọ na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara Afghanistan. A na-arụ ụka na ọnụ ọgụgụ a n'ihi na enweghi ọnụ ọgụgụ gọọmentị na Afghanistan kemgbe 1979 n'ihi Esemokwu na-aga n'ihu n'ebe ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hybrid Census to Generate Spatially-disaggregated Population Estimate|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/undataforum/hybrid-census-to-generate-spatially-disaggregated-population-estimates/|archiveurl=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20200517105822/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/undataforum/hybrid%2Dcensus%2Dto%2Dgenerate%2Dspatially%2Ddisaggregated%2Dpopulation%2Destimates/|archivedate=17 May 2020|work=United Nations world data form|accessdate=2 August 2020}}</ref> Ha bụ agbụrụ kachasị ukwuu na Afghanistan na agbụrụ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na Pakistan, na-eme ihe dị ka 42-47% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Afghanistan na ihe dị ka 15.4% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ Pakistani <ref>{{Cite web|title=South Asia :: Pakistan – The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110014011/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/pakistan|archivedate=10 January 2021|accessdate=24 February 2019|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|date=30 July 2019|title=What Languages Are Spoken in Pakistan?|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-languages-are-spoken-in-pakistan.html|work=World atlas}}</ref> Na India, obodo ndị dị mkpa na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Pashtun dị na mpaghara ugwu nke Rohilkhand, yana n'obodo ndị India dị ka Delhi na Mumbai.<ref name="CanfieldPaleczek">{{Cite book|author=Canfield|first=Robert L.|title=Ethnicity, Authority and Power in Central Asia: New Games Great and Small|date=4 October 2010|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-92750-8|language=English|quote=By the late-eighteenth century perhaps 100,000 "Afghan" or "Puthan" migrants had established several generations of political control and economic consolidation within numerous Rohilkhand communities}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu">{{Cite news|date=20 July 1954|title=Pakhtoons in Kashmir|work=The Hindu|url=http://www.hindu.com/2004/07/20/stories/2004072001220900.htm|accessdate=28 November 2012|quote=Over a lakh Pakhtoons living in Jammu and Kashmir as nomad tribesmen without any nationality became Indian subjects on July 17. Batches of them received certificates to this effect from the Kashmir Prime Minister, Bakshi Ghulam Mohammed, at village Gutligabh, 17 miles from Srinagar.}}</ref> == Ebe a na-ekesa ya == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" /> <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} === Afghanistan na Pakistan === Ndị Pashtun gbasasịrị n'egbè buru ibu, na ndịda [[Amu river|Osimiri Amu]] na ọdịda anyanwụ [[Indus River|Osimiri Indus]]. A na-ahụ ha n'ebe niile na Afghanistan na Pakistan.[1] Obodo ukwu ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Pashtun kachasị na ya gụnyere [[Jalalabad]], [[Kandahar]], [[Bannu]], [[Dera Ismail Khan]], [[Khost]], [[Kohat]], [[Lashkar Gah]], [[Mardan]], [[Ghazni]], [[Mingora]], [[Peshawar]], [[Quetta]], tinyere ndị ọzọ. Ndị Pashtun na-ebikwa na [[Abbottabad]], [[Farah, Afghanistan|Farah]], [[Herat]], [[Islamabad]], [[Kabul]], [[Karachi]], [[Kunduz]], [[Lahore]], [[Mazar-i-Sharif]], Mianwali, na [[Attock|Attoc]]<nowiki/>k. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> Obodo Karachi, bụ isi obodo akụ na ụba nke Pakistan, bụ ebe obibi obodo ukwu nke ndị Pashtun n'ụwa, nke ka ibu karịa nke Kabul na Peshawar. N'otu aka ahụ, Islamabad, bụ isi obodo ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke mba ahụ, na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka nnukwu etiti obodo nke ndị Pashtun. Onu ogugu Karịrị pasent 20 nke ndị bi na obodo ahụ bụ ndị na-asụ Pashto. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === India === Ndị Pashtuns nọ n'India na-ekwukarị na ha bụ ''Pathans'' (okwu Hindustani maka Pashtun), ma ndị agbụrụ ndị ọzọ nke mpaghara ahụ na-ezo aka n'ụzọ a. [i]<ref name="Morton-Jack2015">{{Cite book|author=George Morton-Jack|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cczSCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA3|title=The Indian Army on the Western Front South Asia Edition|date=24 February 2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-11765-5|pages=3–|quote='Pathan', an Urdu and a Hindi term, was usually used by the British when speaking in English. They preferred it to 'Pashtun', 'Pashtoon', 'Pakhtun' or 'Pukhtun', all Pashtu versions of the same word, which the frontier tribesmen would have used when speaking of themselves in their own Pashtu dialects.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.islamicvoice.com/may.2003/cseries.htm|title=Memons, Khojas, Cheliyas, Moplahs&nbsp;... How Well Do You Know Them?|publisher=Islamic Voice|accessdate=18 January 2007|archivedate=17 October 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061017055301/http://islamicvoice.com/may.2003/cseries.htm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Pathan|title=Pathan|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|accessdate=7 November 2007}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị India na-ekwu na ha sitere na ndị agha Pashtun bi na India site n'ịlụ ụmụ nwanyị obodo ahụ n'oge mmeri ndị Alakụba na mpaghara India.<ref name="Indian Pathans">{{Cite web|url=http://www.khyber.org/articles/2007/StudyofthePathanCommunitiesinF.shtml|title=Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India|work=Khyber.org|accessdate=30 January 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080514122925/http://www.khyber.org/articles/2007/StudyofthePathanCommunitiesinF.shtml|archivedate=14 May 2008}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị Pathan họọrọ ibi na Republic of India mgbe nkewa nke India gasịrị. Khan Mohammad Atif, prọfesọ na Mahadum Lucknow, na-eme atụmatụ na "Ndị bi na Pathans na India bụ okpukpu abụọ nke ndị bi na Afghanistan".<ref name="Alavi2008">{{Cite web|author=Alavi|first=Shams Ur Rehman|title=Indian Pathans to broker peace in Afghanistan|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/indian-pathans-to-broker-peace-in-afghanistan/story-W6Z4o4Dm0ETTz7tPBoHT1I.html|work=Hindustan Times|date=11 December 2008}}</ref> N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ndị Pashtuns biri n'obodo dị iche iche nke India tupu na n'oge British Raj na India. Ndị a gụnyere Bombay (nke a na-akpọ Mumbai ugbu a), Farrukhabad, Delhi, Calcutta, Sahara, Rohilkhand, Jaipur, na Bangalore.<ref name="CanfieldPaleczek"/><ref name="Khyber">{{Cite web|author=Haleem|first=Safia|date=24 July 2007|title=Study of the Pathan Communities in Four States of India|url=http://www.khyber.org/articles/2007/Study_of_the_Pathan_Communitie.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200229013803/http://www.khyber.org/articles/2007/Study_of_the_Pathan_Communitie.shtml|archivedate=29 February 2020|accessdate=1 July 2020|work=Khyber.org}}</ref><ref name="The Hindu"/> Ndị bi ebe ahụ sitere na Pashtun nke Pakistan na [[Afghanistan]] nke oge a (British India tupu 1947). N'ógbè ụfọdụ dị na India, a na-akpọ ha ''Kabuliwala'' mgbe ụfọdụ.<ref>{{Cite news|title=The 'Kabuliwala' Afghans of Kolkata|publisher=BBC News|date=23 May 2015|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-32377276}}</ref> Na India, obodo ndị dị mkpa nke Pashtun dị.<ref name="India-census">{{Cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080201193939/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm|archivedate=1 February 2008|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/Census_Data_2001/Census_Data_Online/Language/Statement1.htm|title=Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues – 2001|publisher=Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India|year=2001|accessdate=17 March 2008}}</ref><ref name="Indian Pathans"/> Ọ bụ ezie na ndị na-asụ Pashto na mba ahụ ọnụ ọgụgụ naanị 21,677 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2011, atụmatụ nke agbụrụ ma ọ bụ ndị nna nna Pashtun bi na India sitere na 3,200,000<ref name="Ali2018">{{Cite news|author=Ali|first=Arshad|title=Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan's great granddaughter seeks citizenship for 'Phastoons' in India|url=https://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-khan-abdul-gaffar-khan-s-great-granddaughter-seeks-citizenship-for-phastoons-in-india-2584887|work=[[Daily News and Analysis]]|date=15 February 2018|quote=Interacting with mediapersons on Wednesday, Yasmin, the president of All India Pakhtoon Jirga-e-Hind, said that there were 32 lakh Phastoons in the country who were living and working in India but were yet to get citizenship.|accessdate=2 November 2023}}</ref><ref name="TNI2018">{{Cite web|title=Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans|url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/281681-protect-islamabad|publisher=[[The News International]]|accessdate=28 May 2020|language=en|date=16 February 2018}}</ref><ref name="Bhattacharya2018">{{Cite web|author=Bhattacharya|first=Ravik|title=Frontier Gandhi's granddaughter urges Centre to grant citizenship to Pathans|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/frontier-gandhi-khan-abdul-gaffar-khans-granddaughter-urges-centre-to-grant-citizenship-to-pathans-5064372/|work=[[The Indian Express]]|accessdate=28 May 2020|language=en|date=15 February 2018}}</ref> ruo 11,482,000,<ref name="Joshua">{{Cite web|title=Pashtun in India|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/21537/IN|work=Joshua Project}}</ref> ruo okpukpu abụọ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na Afghanistan (ihe dị ka nde 30). [j] [[Faịlụ:Major_ethnic_groups_of_Pakistan_in_1980_borders_removed.jpg|thumb|Ebe ndị Pashtun bi na Pakistan na Afghanistan (gụnyere ókèala ndịda nke Soviet Union, ókèala ndị dị n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Iran, na ókèala ndị dịkwa n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke India na Pakistan), na mbido afọ 1980.]] A na-akpọ mpaghara Rohilkhand nke Uttar Pradesh aha obodo Rohilla nke ndị nna nna Pashtun; Ụlọ Eze nke Rampur, usoro ndị eze Pashtunised Jat na-achịkwa mpaghara ahụ.<ref name="Frey2020">{{Cite book|author=Frey|first=James|title=The Indian Rebellion, 1857–1859: A Short History with Documents|date=16 September 2020|publisher=Hackett Publishing|isbn=978-1-62466-905-7|language=en}}</ref> Ha bikwa na steeti Maharashtra dị n'etiti India na West Bengal dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ India nke ọ bụla nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ karịrị otu nde nwere ndị nna nna Pashtun; ma Bombay na Calcutta bụ ebe ndị isi Pashtun si [[Afghanistan]] kwabata n'oge ọchịchị. <ref name="Joshua"/><ref>{{Cite web|title="The Kabuliwala represents a dilemma between the state and migratory history of the world" – Shah Mahmoud Hanifi|url=https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/southasia/2018/10/29/the-kabuliwala-represents-a-dilemma-between-the-territorial-ethos-of-the-nation-state-and-the-migratory-history-of-the-world-professor-shah-mahmoud-hanifi/|first=Christopher|author=Finnigan|date=29 October 2018|publisher=London School of Economics}}</ref> E nwekwara ndị bi na ya karịrị 100,000 onye ọ bụla n'obodo Jaipur dị na Rajasthan na Bangalore dị na Karnataka.<ref name="Joshua" /> Bombay (nke a na-akpọ Mumbai ugbu a) na Calcutta nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Pashtun karịrị 1 nde, ebe Jaipur na Bangalore nwere atụmatụ nke ihe dị ka 100,000. Ndị Pashtun nọ na Bangalore gụnyere ụmụnne Khan Feroz, Sanjay na Akbar Khan, ndị nna ha si Ghazni biri na Bangalores.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/922791|title=Bollywood actor Firoz Khan dies at 70|work=Dawn|date=27 April 2009|accessdate=6 June 2020}}</ref> N'ime narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, mgbe ndị Britain na-anakọta ndị ọrụ ugbo site na British India dị ka ndị ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na Caribbean, South Africa na ebe ndị ọzọ, e zigara Rohillas na Trinidad, Surinam, [[Guyana]], na Fiji, ịrụ ọrụ n'ubi okpete ma rụọ ọrụ aka.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afghans of Guyana|url=http://afghanland.com/culture/guyana.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061105072533/http://afghanland.com/culture/guyana.html|archivedate=5 November 2006|accessdate=18 January 2007|work=Wahid Momand|publisher=Afghanland.com}}</ref> Ọtụtụ nọrọ ma guzobe obodo nke ha. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha jikọtara ha na mba ndị Alakụba ndị ọzọ dị na South Asia iji mepụta otu obodo ndị Alakụga India na obodo ndị India buru ibu, na-efunahụ ihe nketa ha pụrụ iche. Ụfọdụ ndị Pashtun gara Australia n'otu oge ahụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Northern Pashtuns in Australia|url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/14256/AS|work=Joshua Project}}</ref> Taa, ndị Pashtuns bụ nchịkọta nke obodo dịgasị iche iche dị n'ofe ogologo na obosara nke India, ebe ndị kasị ukwuu bi na mbara ala nke ugwu na etiti India.<ref name="Khan2015">{{Cite book|author=Jasim Khan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2jgHCwAAQBAJ|title=Being Salman|date=27 December 2015|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-81-8475-094-2|pages=34, 35, 37, 38–|quote=Superstar Salman Khan is a Pashtun from the Akuzai clan...One has to travel roughly forty-five kilometres from Mingora towards Peshawar to reach the nondescript town of Malakand. This is the place where the forebears of Salman Khan once lived. They belonged to the Akuzai clan of the Pashtun tribe...}}</ref><ref name="Swarup">{{Cite news|url=http://openthemagazine.com/art-culture/the-kingdom-of-khan/|title=The Kingdom of Khan|work=Open|date=27 January 2011|accessdate=6 June 2020|first=Shubhangi|author=Swarup}}</ref> [j] Mgbe nkewa nke India gasịrị na 1947, ọtụtụ n'ime ha kwagara Pakistan.<ref name="Khan2015" /> Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Pashtun India bụ ndị na-asụ asụsụ Urdu, ndị sonyere n'ime obodo n'ime ọgbọ. Ndị Pashtuns enweela mmetụta ma nye aka na ngalaba dị iche iche na India, ọkachasị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ụlọ ọrụ ntụrụndụ na egwuregwu. [j] === Iran === A na-ahụkwa ndị Pashtuns na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ugwu nke Iran.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Windfuhr|first=Gernot|title=Iranian Languages|date=13 May 2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-135-79704-1|pages=703–731}}</ref> Ihe ndekọ dị ka n'etiti afọ 1600 na-akọ na Durrani Pashtuns bi na mpaghara Khorasan nke Safavid Iran. <ref name="Dorrani">{{Cite web|title=DORRĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/dorrani-1|work=iranicaonline.org|accessdate=4 April 2021}}</ref> Mgbe ọchịchị dị mkpirikpi nke ndị Ghilji Pashtun na Iran gasịrị, Nader Shah meriri onye ọchịchị Ghilji ikpeazụ nwere onwe ya nke Kandahar, Hussain Hotak. Iji chekwaa ikike Durrani na ndịda Afghanistan, Nader Shah chụpụrụ Hussain Hotak na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ndị Ghilji Pashtuns na mpaghara Mazandaran dị n'ebe ugwu Iran. Ndị fọdụrụ n'obodo a a chụgara n'ala ọzọ, ọ bụ ezie na ha bụ ndị a nabatara, na-aga n'ihu na-azọrọ na ha bụ ụmụ Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ḠILZĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica|url=https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/gilzi-|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=iranicaonline.org|quote=Nāder Shah also defeated the last independent Ḡalzay ruler of Qandahār, Shah Ḥosayn Hotak, Shah Maḥmūd's brother in 1150/1738. Shah Ḥosayn and large numbers of the Ḡalzī were deported to Mazandarān (Marvī, pp. 543–52; Lockhart, 1938, pp. 115–20). The remnants of this once sizable exiled community, although assimilated, continue to claim Ḡalzī Pashtun descent.}}</ref> N'oge mmalite narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, n'ime afọ ole na ole, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Durrani Pashtuns na Khorasan nke Iran, mụbara nke ukwuu. [k] Mgbe e mesịrị, mpaghara ahụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Durrani n'onwe ya. A mụrụ eze Durrani nke abụọ nke Afghanistan, Timur Shah Durrani na Mashhad . <ref>{{Cite book|author=Dalrymple|first=William|title=Koh-i-Noor: The History of the World's Most Infamous Diamond|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KPVrDgAAQBAJ&q=Timur+Shah+Durrani+born+mashhad&pg=PT74|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|date=2017|isbn=978-1-4088-8885-8}}</ref> N'oge ọchịchị Durrani n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, Azad Khan Afghan, onye Ghilji Pashtun, onye nke abụọ na-elekọta [[Azerbaijan]] n'oge Ọchịchị Afsharid, nwetara ike na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ nke Iran na Azerbaijan maka obere oge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=ĀZĀD KHAN AFḠĀN|url=https://iranicaonline.org/articles/azad-khan-afgan-d|accessdate=4 April 2021|work=iranicaonline.org}}</ref> Dabere na nyocha nyocha na 1988, pasent 75 nke ndị Afghanistan niile gbara ọsọ ndụ na mpaghara ndịda nke mpaghara Khorasan nke Iran bụ ndị Durrani Pashtuns. [l] === Na mpaghara ndị ọzọ === Ndị Pashtun India na Pakistani ejirila njikọ British / Commonwealth nke mba ha, e guzobere obodo ndị dị ugbu a malite n'afọ ndị 1960 karịsịa na United Kingdom, Canada, Australia kamakwa na mba ndị ọzọ (na United States). Ụfọdụ ndị Pashtun ebiela na Middle East, dịka na Arabian Peninsula. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ihe dị ka ndị Pashtun 300,000 kwagara mba Persian Gulf n'etiti 1976 na 1981, na-anọchite anya 35% nke Ndị Pakistan kwagara.<ref name="Jaffrelot">{{Cite book|title=Pakistan: nationalism without a nation?|author=Jaffrelot|first=Christophe|year=2002|publisher=Zed Books|isbn=1-84277-117-5|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I2avL3aZzSEC&pg=PA27|accessdate=22 August 2010}}</ref> Ndị Pakistan na ndị Afghanistan bi gburugburu ụwa gụnyere ndị Pashtun. == Okwu mmalite == === Ihe ndekọ akụkọ ihe mere eme oge ochie: Pashtun === Otu agbụrụ a na-akpọ Pakthās, otu n'ime agbụrụ ndị lụsoro Sudas ọgụ na Dasarajna, ma ọ bụ ''"Agha nke Ndị Eze Iri"'', a kpọtụrụ aha na mandala nke asaa nke Rigveda, ederede nke ukwe Vedic Sanskrit nke e dere n'etiti c. 1500 na 1200 BCE: <ref>{{Cite web|title=Rig Veda: Rig-Veda, Book 7: HYMN XVIII. Indra.|url=https://www.sacred-texts.com/hin/rigveda/rv07018.htm|accessdate=2 November 2020|work=sacred-texts.com}}</ref> Heinrich Zimmer jikọtara ha na agbụrụ Herodotus (Pactyans) kpọtụrụ aha na 430 BCE na Akụkọ ihe mere eme:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 102, section 1|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0126:book=3:chapter=102:section=1|accessdate=2 November 2020|work=perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> Ụfọdụ Pactyans bi na ókèala ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Achaemenid Arachosia Satrapy kemgbe mbụ narị afọ nke mbu BCE, nke bụ Afghanistan taa. Herodotus kọkwara banyere otu agbụrụ a maara dị ka Aparytai (Ἀπαρύται). Thomas Holdich jikọtara ha na agbụrụ Afridi:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Herodotus, The Histories, Book 3, chapter 91, section 4|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0126:book=3:chapter=91:section=4|accessdate=3 November 2020|work=perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Dani|first=Ahmad Hasan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9yduAAAAMAAJ|title=History of Pakistan: Pakistan through ages|publisher=Sang-e Meel Publications|year=2007|isbn=978-969-35-2020-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Holdich|first=Thomas|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JnC-wwEACAAJ&q=Holdich++gates+of+india|title=The Gates of India, Being an Historical Narrative|date=12 March 2019|publisher=Creative Media Partners, LLC|isbn=978-0-530-94119-6|pages=28, 31}}</ref>{{Ethnic groups in Pakistan}}Joseph Marquart jikọtara ndị Pashtun na aha ndị dị ka Parsiētai (Παρσιῆται), Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) nke Ptolemy depụtara na 150 OA:<ref>{{Cite book|author=Ptolemy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VfkQAQAAIAAJ|title=Geography, book 6: Middle East, Central and North Asia, China. Part 1. Text and English/German translations|date=1998|publisher=Reichert|isbn=978-3-89500-061-4|language=el}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Marquart|first=Joseph|url=http://archive.org/details/UntersuchungenZurGeschichteVonEran21905|title=Untersuchungen zur geschichte von Eran II (1905)|language=de}}</ref>{{Iranian peoples}}Strabo, onye Gris na-amụ banyere ala, na Geographica (nke e dere n'etiti 43 BC na 23 AD) kwuru maka agbụrụ Scythian Pasiani (Πασια Greece), nke a makwaara na Pashtuns n'ihi na Pashto bụ asụsụ Eastern-Iranian, dịka Asụsụ Scythian:<ref>{{Cite web|title=Strabo, Geography, BOOK XI., CHAPTER VIII., section 2|url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0239:book=11:chapter=8:section=2|accessdate=7 November 2020|work=perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref name="Sagar1992">{{Cite book|author=Sagar|first=Krishna Chandra|title=Foreign Influence on Ancient India|date=1 January 1992|publisher=Northern Book Centre|isbn=978-81-7211-028-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0UA4rkm9MgkC&pg=PA91|quote=According to Strabo (c. 54 B.C., A.D. 24), who refers to the authority of [[Apollodorus of Artemita|Apollodorus of Artemia]] {{Sic}}, the Greeks of Bactria became masters of Ariana, a vague term roughly indicating the eastern districts of the Persian empire, and of India.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/cambridge-history-of-early-inner-asia/90634C2E365B2AE442EDCA51E5335033|title=The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia|date=1990|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-24304-9|editor=Sinor|location=Cambridge|doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521243049|quote="All contemporary historians, archeologists and linguists are agreed that since the Scythian and Sarmatian tribes were of the Iranian linguistic group..."}}</ref><ref name="Onomasiological">{{Cite book|author=Humbach|first=Helmut|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iMACuwAACAAJ&q=Herodotus+Scythians+and+Ptolemy%E2%80%99s+Central+Asia|title=Herodotus's Scythians and Ptolemy's Central Asia: Semasiological and Onomasiological Studies|date=2012|publisher=Reichert Verlag|isbn=978-3-89500-887-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Alikuzai|first=Hamid Wahed|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YZJcAQAAQBAJ&q=Strabo+pashtuns&pg=PA142|title=A Concise History of Afghanistan in 25 Volumes|date=October 2013|publisher=Trafford Publishing|isbn=978-1-4907-1441-7}}</ref>{{Pashtun nationalism}}A na-ewere nke a dị ka nsụgharị dị iche nke ''Parsioi (Πάρσιοι) '' nke Ptolemy.<ref name="Onomasiological"/> Johnny Cheung, na-atụgharị uche na Parsioi nke Ptolemy (Πάρσιοι) na ''Pasiani'' nke Strabo (Πασια Greece) na-ekwu, sị: "Ụdị abụọ ahụ na-egosi obere nnọchi anya ụdaume, ya bụ, nke υ maka ι, na ọnwụ nke r na Pasianoi bụ n'ihi nnọgidesi ike sitere na Asianoi bu ya ụzọ. Ya mere, ha nwere ike ịbụ ndị nna nna (asụsụ) nke Pashtuns nke oge a". <ref name="Gnoli Memorial Volume">{{Cite web|author=Cheung|first=Johnny|title=Cheung2017-On the Origin of the Terms "Afghan" & "Pashtun" (Again) – Gnoli Memorial Volume.pdf|url=https://www.academia.edu/32353626}}</ref><ref name="Gnoli Memorial Volume" /> === Nkwupụta akụkọ ihe mere eme nke etiti: Afghan === {{Authority control}}N'Oge Ụwa Na-emepechabeghị Anya ruo mgbe Afghanistan nke oge a malitere na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, a na-akpọkarị ndị Pashtun "Afghans". [m] Echiche etymological nke ọtụtụ ndị ọkà mmụta a ma ama kwadoro bụ na aha Afghan doro anya sitere na Sanskrit ''[./&#x3C;i&#x20;id=]aśva''" id="mwAw4" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Aśvaka">Aśvakan, ma Ọ bụ. Assakenoi nke Arrian, nke bụ aha e ji mee ihe maka ndị bi na Hindu Kush n'oge ochie. ''Aśvakan'' pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị "ndị na-agba ịnyịnya", "ndị ịzụ ịnyịnya", ma ọ bụ "Ndị agha ịnyịnya" (site na aśva ma ọ bụ ''aspa'', okwu Sanskrit na Avestan maka "ịnyịnya"). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Majumdar|first=Ramesh Chandra|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XNxiN5tzKOgC&pg=PA99|title=Ancient India|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|year=1977|isbn=978-8-12080-436-4|edition=Reprinted|authorlink=Ramesh Chandra Majumdar|origdate=1952}}</ref> Ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka Christian Lassen, J. W. McCrindle, M. V. de Saint Martin, na É. Onye a tọhapụrụ, [[Faịlụ:Bactrian_document_Northern_Afghanistan_4th_century.jpg|thumb|Akwụkwọ Bactrian na edemede Grik site na narị afọ nke anọ na-ekwu maka okwu Afghan (αβγανανο): "Nye Ormuzd Bunukan site na Bredag Watanan, onyeisi ndị Afghanistan"]] Ebe mbụ a kpọtụrụ aha ''Abgan'' (Abgân) bụ site n'aka Shapur I nke Alaeze Ukwu Sassanid n'oge narị afọ nke atọ OA, <ref name="Abgan">{{Cite book|author=Noelle-Karimi|first=Christine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eo3tAAAAMAAJ|title=Afghanistan -a country without a state?|publisher=IKO|year=2002|isbn=3-88939-628-3|location=[[University of Michigan]], United States|quote=''The earliest mention of the name 'Afghan' (Abgan) is to be found in a Sasanid inscription from the 3rd century, and it appears in India in the form of 'Avagana'...''|accessdate=24 September 2010}}</ref> Na narị afọ nke anọ, a kpọturu okwu ahụ bụ "Afghans / Afghanistan" (αβγανανο) dị ka ihe na-ezo aka n'otu ndị mmadụ na akwụkwọ Bactrian a chọtara na Northern Afghanistan. <ref name="Barkhuis">{{Cite book|author=Balogh|first=Dániel|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=frnVDwAAQBAJ&q=bunukan&pg=PA144|title=Hunnic Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History|date=12 March 2020|publisher=Barkhuis|isbn=978-94-93194-01-4|language=en|quote=[ To Ormuzd Bunukan, ... greetings and homage from ... ), Pithe ( sot ] ang ( ? ) of Parpaz ( under ) [ the glorious ) yabghu of [ Heph ] thal, the chief ... of the Afghans}}</ref><ref name="Bactrian documents from northern Af">{{Cite book|author=Sims-Williams|first=Nicholas|title=Bactrian documents from northern Afghanistan|date=2000|publisher=The Nour Foundation in association with Azimuth Editions and Oxford University Press|isbn=1-874780-92-7|location=Oxford}}</ref>{{DEFAULTSORT:Pashtun People}}<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}E mechara dekọọ aha Afghan na narị afọ nke isii OA n'ụdị ''"Avagāṇa"'' <ref>{{Cite web|title=Sanskritdictionary.com: Definition of avagāṇa|url=https://sanskritdictionary.com/avag%C4%81%E1%B9%87a/20082/1|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507190602/http://sanskritdictionary.com/avag%C4%81%E1%B9%87a/20082/1|archivedate=7 May 2020|accessdate=18 November 2020|work=sanskritdictionary.com}}</ref> site n'aka onye India na-enyocha mbara igwe bụ Varāha Mihira na Brihat-samhita ya.<ref>{{Cite web|date=15 December 1983|title=Afghan|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/afgan-in-current-political-usage-any-citizen-of-afghanistan-whatever-his-ethnic-tribal-or-religious-affiliation|accessdate=27 September 2010|work=Ch. M. Kieffer|publisher=[[Encyclopædia Iranica]] Online Edition}}</ref><ref name="Bhat">{{Cite book|author=Varāhamihira|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7rboQwAACAAJ|title=Bṛhat Saṁhitā of Varāhamihira: with english translation, exhaustive notes and literary comments|date=1981|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=978-81-208-0098-4|language=en}}</ref><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>Okwu Afghan pụtakwara na 982 Ḥudūd al-ʿĀlam, ebe a na-ezo aka n'obodo nta, Saul, nke nwere ike ịdị nso na Gardez, Afghanistan.   Otu akwụkwọ ahụ na-ekwukwa banyere eze nọ na Ninhar (Nangarhar), onye nwere ndị inyom Alakụba, ndị Afghanistan na ndị Hindu.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Minorsky|first=V. V.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3zB1CQAAQBAJ&q=hudud+alam|title=Hudud al-'Alam 'The Regions of the World' – A Persian Geography 372 A.H. (982 AD)|date=31 January 2015|publisher=Gibb Memorial Trust|isbn=978-1-909724-75-4|language=en|quote=Ninhar, a place of which the king makes a show of Islam, and has many wives, (namely) over thirty Muslim, Afghan, and Hindu (wives).}}</ref> Na narị afọ nke iri na otu, a kpọtụrụ ndị Afghanistan aha na ''Tarikh-ul Hind'' ("Akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Indus") nke Al-Biruni, nke na-akọwa ìgwè ndị Afghanistan na-enupụ isi n'ala agbụrụ dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Osimiri Indus n'ihe bụ Pakistan taa. Al-Utbi, onye na-ede akụkọ Ghaznavid, na ''Tarikh-i Yamini'' ya dere na ọtụtụ ndị Afghanistan na Khiljis (ma eleghị anya Ghilji nke oge a) sonyere n'usuu ndị agha Sabuktigin mgbe e meriri Jayapala.<ref name="Farishta-2">{{Cite web|work=[[Ferishta]], History of the Rise of Mohammedan Power in India, Volume 1: Section 15|url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=06901021&ct=13|title=AMEER NASIR-OOD-DEEN SUBOOKTUGEEN|publisher=Packard Humanities Institute|accessdate=31 December 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514092123/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/pf?file=06901021&ct=13|archivedate=14 May 2013|quote=The Afghans and Khiljis who resided among the mountains having taken the oath of allegiance to Subooktugeen, many of them were enlisted in his army, after which he returned in triumph to [[Ghazni|Ghizny]].}}</ref> Al-Utbi gara n'ihu kwuo na ndị Afghanistan na Ghiljis sonyeere ndị agha Mahmud Ghaznavi ma zigara ha na njem ya na Tocharistan, ebe n'oge ọzọ Mahmud Ghaznvi wakporo ma nye otu ndị Afghanistan na-emegide ya ntaramahụhụ, dịka Abulfazl Beyhaqi kwadoro. E dekwara na ndị Afghanistan debanyere aha na Ghurid Kingdom (1148-1215). <ref>{{Cite book|author=Houtsma|first=M. Th.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&pg=PA150|title=E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936|publisher=BRILL|year=1993|isbn=90-04-09796-1|pages=150–51|accessdate=23 August 2010}}</ref> Ka ọ na-erule mmalite nke usoro ndị eze Khilji na 1290, a maara ndị Afghanistan nke ọma n'ebe ugwu India. Ibn Battuta, mgbe ọ gara Afghanistan na-esote oge nke usoro ndị eze Khilji, dekwara banyere ndị Afghanistan.<templatestyles src="Refbegin/styles.css" /> == Akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmalite ==   [[Faịlụ:Afghanistan_region_during_500_BC.jpg|thumb|Ndị ''Arachosia'' Satrapy na ''Ndị Pactyan'' n'oge Alaeze Ukwu Achaemenid na 500 BCE&nbsp;]] Ọdịdị agbụrụ Pashtun edoghị anya. E nwere ọtụtụ echiche na-emegiderịta onwe ha n'etiti ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ndị Pashtun n'onwe ha. Ndị ọkà mmụta nke oge a kwenyere na ọ bụghị ndị Pashtun niile nwere otu mmalite. Ndị nna nna mbụ nke ndị Pashtun nke oge a nwere ike ịbụ ndị agbụrụ Iran ochie gbasara n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Old Iranian Online|url=http://www.utexas.edu/cola/centers/lrc/eieol/aveol-0-X.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924023825/https://lrc.la.utexas.edu/eieol/aveol/00|archivedate=24 September 2018|accessdate=10 February 2007|publisher=[[University of Texas at Austin]]}}</ref> [n] Ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme enwetala ihe ndị metụtara agbụrụ dị iche iche nke Indo-Aryan oge ochie a na-akpọ ''Pakthas'' (Pactyans) n'etiti puku afọ Nke abụọ na nke mbụ BC,<ref name="Nath">{{Cite book|title=Dictionary of Vedanta|author=Nath|first=Samir|year=2002|publisher=Sarup & Sons|isbn=81-7890-056-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yGBaXO54-HwC&pg=PA273|accessdate=10 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Pradhan|first=Shrinivas Vasudeo|title=The Elusive Aryans: Archaeological Search and Vedic Research; The Origin of the Hindus|date=11 August 2014|publisher=Cambridge Scholars Publishing|isbn=978-1-4438-6592-0|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=huMxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA114|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Heredotus">{{Cite web|title=The History of Herodotus Chapter 7, Written 440 B.C.E, Translated by George Rawlinson|url=http://www.piney.com/Heredotus7.html|accessdate=21 September 2012|publisher=Piney.com|archivedate=5 February 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205055843/http://www.piney.com/Heredotus7.html}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na dị ka Richard N. Frye si kwuo, njirimara nke Pashtuns na Pakhtas bụ naanị ịkọ nkọ na egosighi. Ndị ọkà mmụta dị ka Georg Morgenstierne na-atụ aro na e si na Parsa ma ọ bụ Parswana nweta Pashto.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Frye|first=Richard|url=https://archive.org/details/heritageofpersia0000rich/page/45/mode/1up?view=theater|title=the heritage of persia}}</ref> Mohan Lal kwuru na 1846 na "mmalite nke Ndị Afghanistan bụ ihe a na-amaghị ama, na ọ dịghị onye, ọbụlagodi n'etiti ndị kasị ochie na ndị maara ihe n'ebo ahụ, nwere ike inye ozi na-eju afọ na nke a. " <ref>{{Cite book|author=Lal|first=Mohan|title=Life of the Amir Dost Mohammed Khan; of Kabul|url=https://archive.org/details/afghanistan00bant|publisher=Crabtree Publishing Company|year=1846|accessdate=10 September 2010|isbn=0-7787-9335-4}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ atụwo aro na otu mmalite nke ndị Pashtun agaghị ekwe omume kama ha bụ njikọ agbụrụ.{{Ethnic groups in Pakistan}} === Mmalite asụsụ === [[Faịlụ:Saka_warrior_Termez_Achaeological_Museum.jpg|thumb|Ihe a tụrụ atụ nke onye agha Saka na Termez, Uzbekistan]] A na-ahazi Pashto dị ka asụsụ Eastern Iran. [o] <ref>{{Cite book|author=Comrie|first=Bernard|title=The World's Major Languages|year=2009|quote="Pashto belongs to the North-Eastern group within the Iranian Languages"}}</ref> Ọ na-ekerịta atụmatụ ya na Asụsụ Munji, nke bụ asụsụ kachasị nso na Bactrian, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Afghanistan volume 28|publisher=Historical Society of Afghanistan.|year=1975|quote=Pashto originally belonged to the north – eastern branch of the Iranic languages}}</ref> mana ọ na-ekerịkwa atụmatụ ya na afaan Sogdian, yana Khwarezmian, Shughni, [[Asụsụ Sanglechi|Sanglechi]], na Khotanese Saka.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Waghmar|first=Burzine|title=Bactrian History and Language: An Overview|journal=Journal of the K. R. Cama Oriental Institute|date=2001|volume=64|pages=40–48}}</ref> [p] Ụfọdụ na-atụ aro na Pashto nwere ike ịmalite na mpaghara Badakhshan ma jikọta ya na [[Saka]]_language" id="mwBCo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Saka language">Asụsụ Saka yiri nke Khotanese. [q] N'ezie, onye isi asụsụ Georg Morgenstierne akọwaala Pashto dị ka olumba Saka na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ achọpụtala myirịta dị n'etiti Pashto na asụsụ ndị ọzọ Saka, na-atụ aro na ndị na-asụ Pashto mbụ nwere ike ịbụ otu Saka.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Indo-Iranica|publisher=Iran Society|year=1946|location=Kolkata, India|pages=173–174|quote=... and their language is most closely related to on the one hand with Saka on the other with Munji-Yidgha}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Bečka|first=Jiří|title=A Study in Pashto Stress|publisher=Academia|year=1969|quote=Pashto in its origin, is probably a Saka dialect.}}</ref> Ọzọkwa, Pashto na Ossetian, asụsụ ọzọ sitere na Scythian, na-ekerịta okwu na okwu ha nke asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Eastern Iran na-enweghị. Cheung na-atụ aro isogloss dị n'etiti Pashto na ossetian nke ọ na-akọwa site na ire okwu Saka na-enweghị akwụkwọ a na-asụ nso na Old Pashto nke a rụgharịrị arụgharị nke nwere ike ịsụ n'ebe ugwu nke Oxus n'oge ahụ. <ref>{{Cite book|author=Cheung|first=Jonny|title=Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb|publisher=(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series)|year=2007}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Cheung|first=Jonny|title=Etymological dictionary of the Iranian verb|publisher=(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series)|year=2007}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ndị ọzọ atụwo aro nna nna Iran nke tọrọ ya n'ihi njikọ ya na Old Avestan. [r] === Ebe dị iche iche === Dị ka otu ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche si kwuo, ndị Pashtun sitere na agbụrụ dịgasị iche iche, gụnyere [[Tatars|Tatar]]-linkid="564" href="./Persians" id="mwBEo" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Persians">Ndị Peshia, Ndị Gris, Ndị Turkey, Ndị Arab, Ndị Bactrian, ndị Dard, Ndị Scythian, ndị Tartar, ndị Huns (Hephthalites), Ndị Mongol, Ndị Moghal (Mughals), na onye ọ bụla ọzọ gafere mpaghara ebe ndị Pashtun a bi. Na mberede, nke a gụnyere njikọ a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ndị Israel.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Acheson|first=Ben|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QaW5EAAAQBAJ|title=The Pashtun Tribes in Afghanistan: Wolves Among Men|date=30 June 2023|publisher=Pen and Sword Military|isbn=978-1-3990-6924-3|language=en|quote=Given the range of raiders and residents that the area has seen over the centuries, it is easy to see why today's Pashtuns could be descended from Persians, Greeks, Turks, Bactrians, Scythians, Tartars, Huns, Mongols, Moghuls or anyone else who has crossed the region over the years.__More unexpected are the alleged Pashtun ties to Israel (Israelites).}}</ref> [s] Ụfọdụ agbụrụ Pashtun na-azọrọ na ha sitere na Ndị Arab, gụnyere ụfọdụ na-azọ na ha bụ [[Sayyid|Sayyids]]. Otu akụkọ ihe mere eme jikọtara ndị Pashtun na ihe nwere ike ịbụ n'oge gara aga n'[[Ijipùtù Ọkpụ|Ijipt oge ochie]] mana nke a enweghị ihe akaebe na-akwado ya.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Barmazid|title=Theory of Coptic origin of Pashtuns|url=http://www.barmazid.com/2016/11/copts-theory-of-pashtun-origin.html}}</ref> Henry Walter Bellew, onye dere ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ọdịbendị Afghanistan, kwuru na ụfọdụ ndị na-azọrọ na ndị Bangash Pashtuns nwere njikọ na Ismail Samani.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fAkEAAAAMAAJ&dq=bangash+ismail+samani&pg=PA105|title=An Inquiry Into the Ethnography of Afghanistan Prepared for and Presented to the 9th International Congress of Orientalists (London, Sept. 1891)|quote=By Some, the Bangash ancestor, ''Ismail'', is connected with the Sultan Ismail, founder of the Saimani dynasty, which succeddeded to that of the Suffari (founded by Yacub Bin Leith or Lais) 875 A.D.|author=Bellew|first=Henry Walter|date=8 March 1891}}</ref> === Mmalite Gris === Dị ka Firasat et al. 2007 si kwuo, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị Pashtuns nwere ike isite na ndị Gris, mana ha na-atụkwa aro na ndị nna nna Gris nwekwara ike isite n'aka ndị ohu Gris nke Xerxes nke Mbụ wetara.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Firasat|first=Sadaf|title=Y-chromosomal evidence for a limited Greek contribution to the Pathan population of Pakistan|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=January 2007|volume=15|issue=1|pages=121–126|doi=10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201726|pmid=17047675}}</ref> A pụkwara ịchọpụta ndị nna nna Gris nke ndị Pashtun na ndabere nke otu homologous. Haplogroup J2 sitere na ndị Semitic, a na-ahụkwa haplogroup a na 6.5% nke ndị Gris na Pashtuns na 55.6% nke ndị Israel.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Huang|first=De-Shuang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZa5BQAAQBAJ&dq=greek+origin+of+Pashtun&pg=PA409|title=Intelligent Computing Theories: 9th International Conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, China, July 28–31, 2013, Proceedings|date=20 July 2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-39479-9|language=en|quote=The Haplogroup J2 is from the Semitic population as well as the population shar- ing the common African ancestor. This Haplogroup was found 6.5% in both the Greek and Pashtun population while 55.6% in the Israel population. The Israel popu- lation however did not result in exact match for haplotype of the 9 or 7 markers tested. Very few exact matches were found only with the 5 markers test. However the 7 marker test had many exact matches from the Greek population.}}</ref> N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ndị ọkà mmụta si n'ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ nyocha emeela ọtụtụ ọmụmụ ihe gbasara Pashtuns. A na-eme nnyocha banyere ihe nketa ndị Gris nke ''Ndị Pashtun'' Pakistani. N'ime nnyocha a, ''Ndị Pashtun'', ''Kalash'', na ''Burusho'' ga-abụ ndị sitere na ndị agha Alexander.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Huang|first=De-Shuang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aZa5BQAAQBAJ&dq=pashtun+from+greek+ancestry&pg=PA403|title=Intelligent Computing Theories: 9th International Conference, ICIC 2013, Nanning, China, July 28–31, 2013, Proceedings|date=20 July 2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-3-642-39479-9|language=en|quote=A number of genetic studies of the Pashtuns have been conducted recently by researchers of various universities and research groups. The Greek ancestry of the Pashtuns of Pakistan has been investigated in [1]. In this study, the claim of the three populations of the region, i.e. the Pashtuns, the Kalash and the Burusho, to have des- cended from the soldiers of Alexander, has been considered.}}</ref> Henry Walter Bellew (1834-1892) nwere echiche na ndị Pashtun nwere ike ịgwakọta mgbọrọgwụ Greek na Indian Rajput.<ref name="Quddus1987">{{Cite book|author=Quddus|first=Syed Abdul|title=The Pathans|date=1987|publisher=[[Ferozsons]]|language=English|quote=Grierson finds a form ''Paithan'' in use in the East Gangetic Valley to denote a Muslim ''Rajput''. Bellew, one of the greatest authorities on ''Pathans'', notes that several characteristics are common to both the Rajputs and the Afghans and suggests that ''Sarban'', one of the ancestors of the ''Afghans'', was a corruption of the word ''Suryabans'' (solar race) from which many Rajputs claim descent. The great Muslim historian ''Masudi'' writes that Qandahar was a separate kingdom with a non- Muslim ruler and states that it is a country of ''Rajputs''. It would be pertinent to mention here that at the time of ''Masudi'' most of the Afghans were concentrated in Qandahar and adjacent areas and had not expanded to the north. Therefore, it is highly significant that Masudi should call Qandahar a ''Rajput'' country.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Ahmad|first=Khaled|date=31 August 2009|title=Pathans and Hindu Rajputs|url=http://www.khyber.org/tribes/info/Pathans_and_Hindu_Rajputs.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140620193512/http://www.khyber.org/tribes/info/Pathans_and_Hindu_Rajputs.shtml|archivedate=20 June 2014|accessdate=24 March 2018|publisher=Khyber|quote=In a nutshell, Bellew's thesis is that all Afghan tribal names can be traced to Greek and Rajput names, which posits the further possibility of a great Greek mixing with the ancient border tribes of India.}}</ref> Mgbe Alexander biri obere, steeti nọchiri anya Alaeze Ukwu Seleucid gbasaa mmetụta ya na ndị Pashtun ruo 305 BCE mgbe ha hapụrụ ikike ịchịkwa Alaeze Ukwu Maurya nke India dị ka akụkụ nke nkwekọrịta njikọ aka.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Nancy Hatch Dupree / Aḥmad ʻAlī Kuhzād|year=1972|title=An Historical Guide to Kabul – The Name|url=http://www.aisk.org/aisk/NHDAHGTK05.php|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100830031416/http://www.aisk.org/aisk/NHDAHGTK05.php|archivedate=30 August 2010|accessdate=18 September 2010|work=[[Strabo]] (64&nbsp;BC – 24&nbsp;AD)|publisher=American International School of Kabul|quote=Alexander took these away from the [[Aryan]]s and established settlements of his own, but [[Seleucus I Nicator|Seleucus Nicator]] gave them to [[Chandragupta Maurya|Sandrocottus]] ([[Chandragupta Maurya|Chandragupta]]), upon terms of intermarriage and of receiving in exchange 500 elephants.}}</ref>&nbsp; Ụfọdụ ìgwè si Peshawar na Kandahar kwenyere na ha sitere na Ndị Gris bịara na Alexander the Great.<ref name="Greek ancestry">{{Cite journal|date=April 2004|title=Investigation of the Greek ancestry of populations from northern Pakistan|journal=Hum Genet|volume=114|issue=5|pages=484–90|doi=10.1007/s00439-004-1094-x|pmid=14986106}}</ref> === Mmalite Hephthalite === Dị ka akụkọ ụfọdụ si kwuo, agbụrụ Ghilji na Ndị Khalaj ejikọtala ya.<ref name="Minorsky">{{Cite journal|author=Minorsky|first=V.|title=The Khalaj West of the Oxus|url=http://www.khyber.org/articles/2005/TheKhalajWestoftheOxus.shtml|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, University of London|volume=10|issue=2|pages=417–437|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00087607}}</ref> N'ịgbaso al-Khwarizmi, Josef Markwart kwuru na Khalaj bụ ihe fọdụrụ na njikọ Hephthalite. Ndị Hephthalites nwere ike ịbụ ndị Indo-Iranian, ọ bụ ezie na echiche na ha sitere na Turkic Gaoju <ref name="iri1" /> "yiri ka ha bụ ndị a ma ama ugbu a. [155] Ndị Khalaj nwere ike ịbụ ndị na-asụ Asụsụ Turkic na mbụ ma jikọta ha na agbụrụ ndị na-ekwu asụsụ Pashto nke Iran n'oge etiti oge.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranicaonline.org/|title=Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica|first=Encyclopaedia Iranica|author=Foundation|work=iranicaonline.org}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, dị ka onye ọkà mmụta asụsụ Sims-Williams si kwuo, akwụkwọ ndị e gwupụtara n'ala anaghị akwado aro ahụ na ndị Khalaj bụ ndị nọchiri ndị Hephthalites, <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Bonasli|first=Sonel|year=2016|title=The Khalaj and their language|journal=Endangered Turkic Languages II A|pages=273–275}}</ref> ebe dị ka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme V. Minorsky si kwuo, ndị Khala j "ma eleghị anya naanị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nwere njikọ na ndị Hephtalites". <ref name="Minorsky"/> Dị ka Georg Morgenstierne si kwuo, agbụrụ Durrani nke a maara dị ka "Abdali" tupu e guzobe Alaeze Ukwu Durrani 1747, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Runion|first=Meredith L.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EY6NDgAAQBAJ&q=sadozai+or+durrani&pg=PR24|title=The History of Afghanistan, 2nd Edition|date=24 April 2017|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-61069-778-1}}</ref> nwere ike ijikọta ya na Ndị Hephthalite; <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Morgenstierne|first=Georg|year=1979|title=The Linguistic Stratification of Afghanistan|journal=Afghan Studies|volume=2|pages=23–33}}</ref> Aydogdy Kurbanov kwadoro echiche a nke na-atụ aro na mgbe ọdịda nke njikọ Hephthalite, Hephtalite nwere ike ịbata n'ime ndị bi n'ógbè dị iche iche.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Kurbano|first=Aydogdy|title=THE HEPHTHALITES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS|url=https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/bitstream/handle/fub188/8366/01_Text.pdf|journal=Department of History and Cultural Studies of the Free University, Berlin}}</ref> Dị ka The Cambridge History of Iran Mpịakọta nke 3, Mbipụta 1, agbụrụ Ghilji nke Afghanistan bụ ụmụ Hephthalites.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Fisher|first=William Bayne|title=The Cambridge History of Iran|date=1968|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-20092-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ko_RafMSGLkC&dq=the+cambridge+history+of+iran+pashtun+hephthalites&pg=PA216}}</ref> === Anthropology na ọdịnala a na-ekwu okwu === ==== Echiche nke ụmụ Pashtun sitere na ndị Izrel ==== {{Iranian peoples}}Ụfọdụ ndị na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ na-akwado omenala ndị agbụrụ Pashtun n'onwe ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, dị ka Encyclopaedia of Islam si kwuo, echiche nke ụmụ Pashtun sitere na ndị Izrel sitere na Nimat Allah al-Harawi, onye chịkọtara akụkọ ihe mere eme maka ''Khan-e-Jehan Lodhi'' n'oge ọchịchị nke Eze Ukwu Mughal Jehangir na narị afọ nke iri na asaa.<ref name="Houtsma-150">{{Cite book|title=E.J. Brill's first encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936|author=Houtsma|first=Martijn Theodoor|year=1987|publisher=BRILL|isbn=90-04-08265-4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GEl6N2tQeawC&pg=PA150|accessdate=24 September 2010}}</ref> Narị afọ nke iri na atọ Tabaqat-i Nasiri na-atụle ebe obibi nke onye mbịarambịa Bani Israel na ngwụcha narị afọ nke asatọ OA na mpaghara Ghor nke Afghanistan, ebe obibi nke ihe odide ndị Juu na Ghor kwadoro. Onye na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme André Wink na-atụ aro na akụkọ ahụ "nwere ike ịnwe ihe na-egosi echiche dị ịrịba ama banyere mmalite ndị Juu nke ụfọdụ agbụrụ ndị Afghanistan nke a na-akwado mgbe niile na akụkọ ihe mere n'Afghanistan. " Ihe ndị a na-ezo aka na Bani Israel kwekọrọ n'echiche ndị Pashtun na mgbe agbụrụ iri na abụọ nke Israel gbasara, agbụrụ Josef, n'etiti agbụrụ ndị Hibru ndị ọzọ, biri na mpaghara Afghanistan. <ref name="Wink">{{Cite book|author=Wink|first=Andre|title=Al-Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th–11th Centuries Vol 1|date=2002|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-0-391-04173-8|pages=95–96|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g2m7_R5P2oAC&q=%22Tabaqat-i+Nasiri%22+israel&pg=PA95|accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref> Omenala a na-ekwu n'ọnụ juru ebe niile n'etiti agbụrụ Pashtun. E nweela ọtụtụ akụkọ mgbe ochie kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ nke ụmụ sitere n'ebo Iri furu efu mgbe ìgwè ndị a tọghatara Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na Islam. N'ihi ya, aha agbụrụ Yusufzai na Pashto sụgharịrị "nwa Josef". Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme kọrọ akụkọ yiri nke ahụ, gụnyere narị afọ nke 14 Ibn Battuta na narị afọ nke 16 Ferishta. Otú ọ dị, a pụkwara ịchọta myirịta nke aha na ọnụnọ nke Arabic site na Islam. Echiche a nke mmalite ndị Juu Pashtun agọnahụla n'ụzọ dị ukwuu ma na-ekwu na nkwupụta Bible ya bụ akụkọ ifo, akwụkwọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ya ekwekọghị, nkwupụta ala ya enweghị nkwekọ, nkwupụta asụsụ ya enweghị nkwenye.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cambridge.org/engage/api-gateway/coe/assets/orp/resource/item/5f7f53929aea2200186f7d9f/original/are-pashtuns-the-lost-tribe-of-israel.pdf|title=Are Pashtuns the Lost Tribes of Israel?}}</ref> Otu okwu na-emegiderịta onwe ya na nkwenye na ndị Pashtuns sitere na Ndị Izrel bụ na onye na-achị Asiria chụgara agbụrụ iri furu efu, ebe ''Maghzan-e-Afghani'' na-ekwu na onye na'ọchịchị nyere ha ohere ịga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Afghanistan. Enwere ike ịkọwa enweghị nkwekọ a site n'eziokwu ahụ bụ na Peasia nwetara ala nke Alaeze Ukwu Asiria oge ochie mgbe ọ meriri Alaeze Ukwu nke ndị Midia na Babilọn nke Kaldea, nke meriri Asiria ọtụtụ iri afọ gara aga. Mana ọ dịghị onye edemede oge ochie kwuru banyere mbufe dị otú ahụ nke ndị Izrel n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ma ọ bụ ọ dịghị ihe odide oge ochie na-abụghị nke Akwụkwọ Nsọ na-ezo aka n'ebo Iri ahụ furu efu.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Pashtun clue to lost tribes of Israel|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/17/israel-lost-tribes-pashtun|work=The Observer|date=17 January 2010|author=McCarthy|first=Rory}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Afghanistan ekwuola na ndị Pashtun nwere njikọ na ndị Izrel oge ochie. Mohan Lal hotara Mountstuart Elphinstone onye dere, sị:{{Pashtun nationalism}}A katọrọ echiche a maka enweghị ihe akaebe akụkọ ihe mere eme. Zaman Stanizai katọrọ echiche a: <ref name="Stanizai2020" />{{Authority control}}Dị ka ọmụmụ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa si kwuo, ndị Pashtun nwere R1a1a*-M198 modal halogroup karịa ndị Juu: <ref name="pmid22510847">{{Cite journal|author=Lacau|first=Harlette|title=Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=October 2012|volume=20|issue=10|pages=1063–1070|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2012.59|pmid=22510847}}</ref>{{DEFAULTSORT:Pashtun People}} == Oge Ọgbara Ọhụrụ == [[Faịlụ:Sher_Ali_Khan_and_company_of_Afghanistan_in_1869.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Afghan Amir Sher Ali Khan (n'etiti ya na nwa ya nwoke) na ndị nnọchi anya ya na Ambala, nso Lahore, na 1869]] Oge gara aga ha nke oge a laghachiri na Delhi Sultanate (Khalji na Lodi dynasty), Hotak dynasty na Durrani Empire. Ndị Ọchịchị Hotak nupụụrụ Ndị Safavid isi ma weghara ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Peshia site na 1722 ruo 1729.<ref name="Browne">{{Cite web|url=http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D90001014%26ct%3D29|title=A Literary History of Persia, Volume 4: Modern Times (1500–1924), Chapter IV. An Outline Of The History Of Persia During The Last Two Centuries (A.D. 1722–1922)|author=Edward G. Browne, M.A., M.B.|publisher=[[Packard Humanities Institute]]|accessdate=9 September 2010|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726142425/http://persian.packhum.org/persian/main?url=pf%3Ffile%3D90001014&ct=29|archivedate=26 July 2013}}</ref> Nke a sochiri mmeri nke Ahmad Shah Durrani onye bụbu onye isi ndị agha nọ n'okpuru Nader Shah na onye guzobere Alaeze Ukwu Durrani, nke kpuchiri ọtụtụ n'ime ihe bụ Afghanistan ugbu a, Pakistan, Kashmir, Indian Punjab, yana mpaghara Kohistan na Khorasan nke Iran. Mgbe ọdịda nke usoro ndị eze Durrani na ọkara mbụ nke narị afọ nke 19 n'okpuru Shuja Shah Durrani, usoro ndị eze Barakzai weghaara alaeze ukwu ahụ. N'ụzọ doro anya, ndị Mohamedzais chịrị ọchịchị Afghanistan site na 1826 ruo na njedebe nke ọchịchị Zahir Shah na 1973. N'oge a na-akpọ "Great Game" nke narị afọ nke iri na itoolu, asọmpi dị n'etiti alaeze ukwu Britain na Russian bara uru nye ndị Pashtuns nke Afghanistan n'iguzogide nchịkwa mba ọzọ na ijigide ogo nke nnwere onwe (lee Siege of Malakand). Otú ọ dị, n'oge ọchịchị Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901), Durand Line kewara mpaghara Pashtun [[Pọlitiks|na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị]] - mpaghara ndị ga-aghọ ọdịda anyanwụ Pakistan dara n'ime British India n'ihi ókèala. [[Faịlụ:Abdul_Ghaffar_Khan_and_Gandhi_in_1940.jpg|thumb|Onye ndú nke Khudai Khidmatgar na-adịghị eme ihe ike, nke a na-akpọkwa "Red shirts", Bacha Khan, na-eguzo na Mohandas Gandhi]] Na narị afọ nke 20, ọtụtụ ndị isi Pashtun na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị bi n'okpuru ọchịchị Britain nke India na-adịghị ekewa kwadoro Nnwere onwe India, gụnyere Ashfaqulla Khan, <ref>{{Cite book|author=Thakurta|first=R.N. Guha|title=The Contemporary, Volume 22|year=1978|publisher=National Galvanizing Pvt. Limited}}</ref> <ref name="Rajesh">{{Cite book|author=Rajesh|first=K. Guru|title=Sarfarosh: A Naadi Exposition of the Lives of Indian Revolutionaries|publisher=Notion Press|isbn=978-93-5206-173-0|quote=Ashfaqullah's father, Shafeequlla Khan, was a member of a Pathan military family.}}</ref> Abdul Samad Khan Achakzai, Ajmal Khattak, Bacha Khan na nwa ya nwoke Wali Khan (ha abụọ bụ ndị otu Khudai Khidmatgar), ma bụrụ ndị sitere n'ike mmụọ nsọ nke Mohandas Gandhi na-enweghị ihe ike nke iguzogide. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/abdul-ghaffar-khan.html|title=Abdul Ghaffar Khan|publisher=I Love India|accessdate=24 September 2008|archivedate=6 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306052505/http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-heroes/abdul-ghaffar-khan.html}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị Pashtun rụkwara ọrụ na Njikọ ndị Alakụba iji lụọ ọgụ maka Pakistan nwere onwe ya site na mmegide na-abụghị ime ihe ike, gụnyere Yusuf Khattak na Abdur Rab Nishtar onye bụ ezigbo enyi Muhammad Ali Jinnah.<ref name="iloveindia">{{Cite web|url=http://www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps2003/mohammad_yousaf_khan_khattak.html|title=Mohammad Yousaf Khan Khattak|work=Pakpost.gov.pk|accessdate=14 December 2021|archivedate=18 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118020240/http://www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps2003/mohammad_yousaf_khan_khattak.html}}</ref> Ndị Pashtun nke Afghanistan nwetara nnwere onwe zuru oke site na ntinye aka ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Britain n'oge ọchịchị Amanullah Khan, na-esote Agha Anglo-Afghan nke Atọ. Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1950, a malitere ịnụ oku a ma ama maka Pashtunistan na Afghanistan na steeti ọhụrụ nke Pakistan. Nke a dugara na mmekọrịta ọjọọ n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ. Ọchịchị ndị eze Afghanistan kwụsịrị mgbe Onye isi ala Daoud Khan weghaara ikike nke Afghanistan n'aka nwa nwanne ya nwoke Zahir Shah na 1973 na atụmatụ Pashtun Nationalist, nke meghere ọnụ ụzọ maka agha ndị agbata obi. N'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1978, E gburu Daoud Khan na ezinụlọ ya na ndị ikwu ya n'ọchịchị ọbara nke Hafizullah Amin haziri. Ndị ọchịagha mujahideen nke Afghanistan nọ n'ebe a chụgara ha na Pakistan dị nso malitere ịkpọbata ndị agha maka agha ndị agha megide Democratic Republic of Afghanistan - gọọmentị Marxist nke ndị Pashtun Khalqists na-achịkwa bụ ndị nwere echiche Nationalist gụnyere Hafizullah Amin, Nur Muhammad Taraki, General Mohammad Aslam Vatanjar, Shahnawaz Tanai, Mohammad Gulabzoy na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. N'afọ 1979, Soviet Union batara na onye agbata obi ya dị n'ebe ndịda Afghanistan iji merie nnupụisi na-arịwanye elu. Ndị Mujahideen nke Afghanistan bụ ndị United States, Saudi Arabia, China na ndị ọzọ kwadoro, gụnyere ụfọdụ ndị ọchịagha Pashtun dị ka Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Jalaluddin Haqqani, Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi na Mohammad Yunus Khalis. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ nde ndị Pashtun sonyeere ndị Afghanistan bi na Pakistan na Iran, ma site n'ebe ahụ, ọtụtụ iri puku gara Europe, North America, Oceania na akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ụwa.<ref name="wider.unu.edu">{{Cite web|title=Young Afghan refugees and asylum seekers in the UK|url=https://www.wider.unu.edu/publication/young-afghan-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-uk|work=UN university|date=18 June 2018}}</ref> Gọọmentị Afghanistan na ndị agha ga-anọgide na-abụkarị ndị Pashtun ruo mgbe ọdịda nke Republic of Afghanistan nke Mohammad Najibullah na Eprel 1992.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ahady|first=Anwar-ul-Haq|date=1995|title=The Decline of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan|journal=Asian Survey|volume=35|issue=7|pages=621–634|doi=10.2307/2645419|issn=0004-4687}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Secretary_Pompeo_Meets_with_the_Taliban_Negotiation_Team_(50632321483).jpg|thumb|Onye nnọchi anya mba Amerịka Zalmay Khalilzad na ndị ọrụ Taliban Abdul Ghani Baradar, Abdul Hakim Ishaqzai, Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai na Suhail Shaheen]] [[Faịlụ:Imran_Khan_WEF.jpg|thumb|Imran Khan, onye na-eme egwuregwu cricket nke Pakistan ghọrọ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye bụbu praịm minista, sitere n'ebo Niazi.]] Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ gọọmentị dị elu na Islamic Republic of Afghanistan bụ ndị Pashtun, gụnyere: Abdul Rahim Wardak, Abdul Salam Azimi, Anwar ul-Haq Ahady, Amirzai Sangin, Ghulam Farooq Wardak, Hamid Karzai, Mohammad Ishaq Aloko, Omar Zakhilwal, Sher Mohammad Karimi, Zalmay Rasoul, Yousef Pashtun. ndepụta nke ndị gọvanọ Afghanistan ugbu a gụnyekwara pasentị dị ukwuu nke ndị Pashtun. Mullah Yaqoob na-eje ozi dị ka Minista Nchebe, Sirajuddin Haqqani dị ka Minisita Na-anọchite anya Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime, Amir Khan Muttaqi dị ka Ministra Na-anọchi anya Ihe Ndị Na-eme ná Mba Ọzọ, Gul Agha Ishakzai dị ka Ministrị Na-anọchitere anya Ihe Ndịna, na Hasan Akhund dị ka Ministri Na-anọci anya. Ọtụtụ ndị minista ndị ọzọ bụkwa ndị Pashtun. Ezinụlọ eze Afghanistan, nke Eze Zahir Shah nọchitere anya, na-akpọ Mohammadzais. Ndị Pashtun ndị ọzọ a ma ama gụnyere ndị na-ede uri na narị afọ nke iri na asaa bụ Khushal Khan Khattak na Rahman Baba, na onye na-eme njem n'ime mbara igwe nke Afghanistan bụ Abdul Ahad Mohmand, onye bụbu Onye nnọchi anya US Zalmay Khalilzad, na Ashraf Ghani n'etiti ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ. Ọtụtụ ndị Pashtun nke Pakistan na India anabatala ọdịbendị ndị na-abụghị ndị Pashtun, ọkachasị site n'ịhapụ Pashto ma jiri asụsụ ndị dị ka Urdu, Punjabi, na Hindko. Ndị a gụnyere Ghulam Mohammad (Minista na-ahụ maka ego mbụ, site na 1947 ruo 1951, na Gọvanọ-Jenal nke atọ nke Pakistan, site na 1951 ruo 1955), <ref name="express">{{Cite web|author=Rahi|first=Arwin|date=25 February 2020|title=Why Afghanistan should leave Pakistani Pashtuns alone|url=https://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/94157/why-afghanistan-should-leave-pakistani-pashtuns-alone/|accessdate=26 June 2020|work=The Express Tribune|language=en-US|archivedate=3 May 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200503132315/https://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/94157/why-afghanistan-should-leave-pakistani-pashtuns-alone/}}</ref> <ref name="pakistanherald">{{Cite web|date=23 July 2017|title=Malik Ghulam Muhammad – Governor-General of Pakistan|url=http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/malik-ghulam-muhammad-1177|accessdate=9 August 2020|work=Pakistan Herald|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170723042210/http://www.pakistanherald.com/profile/malik-ghulam-muhammad-1177|archivedate=23 July 2017}}</ref> Ayub Khan, onye bụ onye isi ala nke abụọ nke Pakistan, Zakir Husain onye bụ onye ọchịchị nke atọ nke India na Abdul Qadeer Khan, nna nke mmemme nuklia nke Pakistan.<ref name="samaatv">{{Cite web|title=Ex Gov.Gen. Ghulam Muhammad's 54th death anniversary today|url=https://www.samaa.tv/news/2010/08/ex-gov-gen-ghulam-muhammad-s-54th-death-anniversary-today/|accessdate=9 August 2020|publisher=Samaa TV|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Kakazai">{{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1365402|title=The history of Lahore's Kakayzais|author=Sheikh|first=Majid|date=22 October 2017|work=Dawn|accessdate=28 February 2018|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="Routledge, Kumarasingham">{{Cite book|author=Kumarasingham|first=H.|date=2016|chapter=Bureaucratic Statism|title=Constitution-making in Asia: Decolonisation and State-Building in the Aftermath of the British Empire|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=GwjeCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT160|publisher=Routledge|location=U.S.|edition=1|isbn=978-1-317-24509-4}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ nwere ọkwa dị elu na gọọmentị, dị ka Asfandyar Wali Khan, Mahmood Khan Achakzai, Sirajul Haq, na Aftab Ahmad Sherpao, ndị bụ ndị isi oche nke òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ha na Pakistan. Ndị ọzọ ghọrọ ndị a ma ama n'egwuregwu (dịka, Imran Khan, Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi, Younis Khan, Shahid Afridi, Irfan Pathan, Jahangir Khan, Jansher Khan, Hashim Khan, Rashid Khan, Shaheen Afridi, Naseem Shah, Misbah Ul Haq, Mujeeb Ur Rahman na Mohammad Wasim) na akwụkwọ (dịka., Ghani Khan, Hamza Shinwari, na Kabir Stori). Malala Yousafzai, onye ghọrọ onye kacha nta natara Nobel Peace Prize na 2014, bụ onye Pashtun Pakistani. A na-ewere ndị Pashtuns dị ka ndị jikọtara nke ọma na ndị Pakistan, dịka akụkọ Pew Research Center nke afọ 2009 si kwuo, pasent 92 nke ndị Pashtun na-akọwa njirimara Pakistani ha tupu njirimara agbụrụ Pashtun ha. Ọtụtụ ndị ama ama na fim Bollywood na India nwere mgbọrọgwụ Pashtun; ụfọdụ n’ime ndị kacha mara amara bụ Aamir Khan, Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan, Feroz Khan, Madhubala, Kader Khan, Saif Ali Khan, Soha Ali Khan, Sara Ali Khan, na Zarine Khan. Na mgbakwunye, otu n’ime ndị bụbu ndị isi ala India, Zakir Husain, bụ onye agbụrụ Afridi. Mohammad Yunus, onye bụbu onye nnọchiteanya India na Algeria na onye ndụmọdụ Indira Gandhi, sitere na Pashtun ma metụtara onye a ma ama Bacha Khan..<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/2003/05/26/stories/2003052600431000.htm|title=To Islamabad and the Frontier|accessdate=1 August 2007|date=26 May 2003|work=The Hindu|quote=Ruled now by parties of the religious right, the Frontier province emerges soon after one proceeds westwards from Islamabad. I was lucky to find Ajmal Khan Khattak in his humble home in Akora Khattak, beyond the Indus. Once Badshah Khan's young lieutenant, Mr. Khattak spent years with him in Afghanistan and offered a host of memories. And I was able to meet Badshah Khan's surviving children, Wali Khan, the famous political figure of the NWFP, and his half-sister, Mehr Taj, whose husband Yahya Jan, a schoolmaster who became a Minister in the Frontier, was the brother of the late Mohammed Yunus, who had made India his home.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Commonwealth and Nehru|author=Darbari|first=Raj|year=1983|publisher=Vision Books|isbn=81-261-2175-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=The Pathan unarmed: opposition & memory in the North West Frontier (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)|quote=He was visiting his cousin Mohammed Yunus, a Pathan who had chosen to move to Delhi at Partition and become a well-known figure in the Congress regime.|publisher=James Currey}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Encyclopædia of Muslim Biography|quote=Mohammad Yunus is belong to a rich and distinguished Pathan family and son of Haji Ghulam Samdani (1827–1926).|publisher=A.P.H. Pub. Corp.}}</ref> N’ime ngwụcha afọ 1990s, ndị Pashtun bụ ndị agbụrụ bụ isi n’òtù ọchịchị dị ka Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (òtù Taliban). [1][2] Njikọ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke na-alụ ọgụ megide Taliban nwere ọtụtụ Pashtun. N’etiti ha bụ Abdullah Abdullah, Abdul Qadir na nwanne ya nwoke Abdul Haq, Abdul Rasul Sayyaf, Asadullah Khalid, Hamid Karzai na Gul Agha Sherzai. Ụgbọ Taliban pụtakwara na ngwụcha 2001 mgbe Agha US duziri Agha agha n’Afghanistan, wee dochie ya na ọchịchị Karzai. [3] Nke a soro ọchịchị Ghani na ịlaghachi Taliban n’Afghanistan (Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan). Agha ogologo oge na Afghanistan emeela ka ndị Pashtun nweta aha maka ịbụ ndị agha pụrụ iche.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.khaama.com/leaving-afghanistans-bagarm-airfield-was-a-grave-military-mistake-trump/|title=Leaving Afghanistan's 'Bagarm Airfield' Was a Grave Military Mistake: Trump|publisher=Khaama Press|date=29 January 2023|accessdate=29 January 2023}}</ref> Ụfọdụ ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị ụbụrụ na-aghọ nkọ na-anwa iwughachi ọgụgụ isi Pashtun na omenala ya tupu agha.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.macleans.ca/news/world/redeeming-the-pashtun-the-ultimate-warriors/|title=Redeeming the Pashtun, the ultimate warriors|work=Macleans.ca|accessdate=14 December 2021}}</ref> == Mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa == Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Pashtun si Afghanistan bụ ndị R1a, na-enwe 50-65% ugboro.<ref name="Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome per">{{Cite journal|author=Lacau|first=Harlette|title=Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome perspective|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=October 2012|volume=20|issue=October 2012|pages=1063–70|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2012.59|pmid=22510847}}</ref> Subclade R1a-Z2125 na-eme na ugboro 40%.<ref name="nagy">{{Cite journal|author=Nagy|first=Péter L.|title=Determination of the phylogenetic origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on Y chromosome sequencing of Béla the Third|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=January 2021|volume=29|issue=1|pages=164–172|doi=10.1038/s41431-020-0683-z|pmid=32636469}}</ref> A na-ahụkarị subclade a na Tajiks, Turkmen, Uzbeks na ụfọdụ ndị bi na Caucasus na Iran.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Underhill|first=Peter A.|title=The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a|journal=European Journal of Human Genetics|date=January 2015|volume=23|issue=1|pages=124–131|doi=10.1038/ejhg.2014.50|pmid=24667786}}</ref> Haplogroup G-M201 ruru 9% na ndị Pashtun Afghanistan ma bụrụ nke abụọ na-ahụkarị na ndị Pashtuns si n'ebe ndịda Afghanistan. <ref name="Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome per" /> <ref>{{Cite journal|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0076748|title=Afghan Hindu Kush: Where Eurasian Sub-Continent Gene Flows Converge|year=2013|author=Di Cristofaro|first=Julie|journal=PLOS One|volume=8|issue=10|pmid=24204668}}</ref> Haplogroup L na Haplogroupe J2 na-eme na ngụkọta nke 6% . <ref name="Afghanistan from a Y-chromosome per" /> Dabere na nyocha DNA nke Mitochondrial nke agbụrụ anọ nke Afghanistan, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime mtDNA n'etiti ndị Pashtun Afghanistan sitere na agbụrụ West Eurasian, ma nwee mmekọrịta dị ukwuu na ndị bi na West Eurasian na Central Asia karịa ndị bi na South Asia ma ọ bụ East Asia. Nnyocha haplogroup na-egosi na ndị Pashtuns na Tajiks nọ na Afghanistan nwere ihe nketa nna nna. N'etiti agbụrụ ndị a mụrụ, ndị Pashtun nwere ụdị mtDNA kachasị. Haplogroup kachasị n'etiti ndị Pashtun Pakistani bụ haplogroup R nke a na-ahụkarị na ọnụọgụ nke 28-50%. A chọtara Haplogroup J2 na 9% ruo 24% dabere na nyocha ahụ ma chọta Haplogroupe E na ugboro nke 4% ruo 13%. Haplogroup L na-eme na ọnụọgụ nke 8%. Ụfọdụ ìgwè ndị Pashtun nke Pakistan na-egosipụta ọkwa dị elu nke R1b. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tariq|first=Muhammad|title=Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan|journal=Scientific Reports|date=19 January 2022|volume=12|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3|pmid=35046511}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|author=Ikram|first=Muhammad Salman|title=Genetic diversity and forensic application of Y-filer STRs in four major ethnic groups of Pakistan|journal=BMC Genomics|date=30 November 2022|volume=23|issue=1|doi=10.1186/s12864-022-09028-z|pmid=36451116}}</ref> Ìgwè ndị Pashtun n'ozuzu ha dị iche iche n'ụzọ mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, na agbụrụ ndị Pashtun abụghị otu ndị mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ndụ. Ìgwè Pashtun dị iche iche na-egosipụta nzụlite dị iche iche, na-akpata nnukwu ọdịiche. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zubair|first=Muhammad|title=Mitochondrial DNA diversity in the Khattak and Kheshgi of the Peshawar Valley, Pakistan|journal=Genetica|date=August 2020|volume=148|issue=3–4|pages=195–206|doi=10.1007/s10709-020-00095-2|pmid=32607672}}</ref> E wepụtara ihe nlele haplogroup Y na mtdna haplogroupe n'aka ndị ikom Jadoon, Yousafzai, Sayyid, Gujar na Tanoli bi na Swabi District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa na Pakistan. Ndị ikom Jadoon nwere ndị nna nna sitere n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia na ndị nna nne nke West Eurasian na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke ndị nna nne South Asia dị ka ule haplogroup Y na mtdna na-egosi na ụmụ nwanyị obodo na-alụ ụmụ nwoke kwagara n'oge oge ochie. Y Haplogroup O3-M122 mejupụtara ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ikom Jadoon, otu haplogroup nke ihe ka ọtụtụ (50-60%) nke ndị Han Chinese. 82.5% nke ndị ikom Jadoon na-ebu Q-MEH2 na O3-M122 nke abụọ sitere n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Eshia. O3-M122 anọghị na Sayyid (Syed) ma pụta na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala n'etiti Tanolis, Gujars na Yousafzais. O yiri ka e nwere mmetụta onye guzobere na O3-M122 n'etiti Jadoon. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Tariq|first=Muhammad|date=2022|title=Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=12|issue=1027|doi=10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3|pmid=35046511}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=35046511|date=2022|author=Tariq|first=M.|title=Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan|journal=Scientific Reports|volume=12|issue=1|doi=10.1038/s41598-022-05076-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/357933818|title=Contrasting maternal and paternal genetic histories among five ethnic groups from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan|work=ResearchGate}}</ref> 76.32% nke ndị ikom Jadoon bu O3-M122 ebe 0.75% nke Tanolis, 0.81% nke Gujars na 2.82% nke Yousafzais bu O3-m122 . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191207195512/http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9941/1/Muhammad%20Tariq_Genetics_2017_HU_Mansehra_Main%20part.pdf|title=GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE MAJOR TRIBES OF BUNER AND SWABI AREAS THROUGH DENTAL MORPHOLOGY AND DNA ANALYSIS|first=Muhammad|author=Tariq|date=2017|archivedate=7 December 2019|work=Department of Genetics|publisher=Hazara University Mansehra}}</ref> 56.25% nke Jadoons na ule ọzọ bu Haplogroup H (mtDNA) nke nne West Eurasian. <ref>{{Cite journal|author=Akbae|first=N.|date=24 June 2016|title=HVSI polymorphism indicates multiple origins of mtDNA in the Hazarewal population of Northern Pakistan|url=https://www.geneticsmr.org/articles/hvsi-polymorphism-indicates-multiple-origins-of-mtdna-in-the-hazarewal-population-of-northern-pakistan.pdf|journal=Genetics and Molecular Research|volume=15|issue=2|pages=1–10|doi=10.4238/gmr.15027167|pmid=27420957}}</ref> A tụlekwara ọdịdị ezé nke Swabi Jadoons ma jiri ya tụnyere ìgwè ndị ọzọ dị na mpaghara dị ka Yousufzais na Sayyids.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Zubair|first=Muhammad|date=25 March 2021|title=Identification of Genetic Lineage of Peshawar and Nowshera Tribes through Dental Morphology|url=https://researcherslinks.com/current-issues/Identification-of-Genetic-Lineage-Dental-Morphology/20/1/3734/html|journal=Pakistan Journal of Zoology|volume=53|issue=3|doi=10.17582/journal.pjz/20190927080941}}</ref> == Nkọwa == Echiche ndị a ma ama n'etiti ndị Pashtun banyere onye ruru eru dịka onye Pashtun bụ: <ref name="Conflict">{{Cite book|author=Schiffman|first=Harold|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=52aicl9l7rwC|title=Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice|date=9 December 2011|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-04-20145-3|pages=55–56|language=en|quote=Barfield (2007: 11) depicts Pashtun identity as sort of Venn diagram where those claiming Pashtun descent belong to the largest circle, those using the Pashto language appear as a smaller subset, and those adhering to the Pashtun code of conduct are the most authentic Pashtun of all.}}</ref> # Ndị maara asụsụ Pashto nke ọma ma jiri ya mee ihe nke ọma. Asụsụ Pashto bụ "otu n'ime akara ndị bụ isi nke njirimara agbụrụ" n'etiti ndị Pashtun.<ref name="Brill">{{Cite book|author=Hakala|first=Walter|url=https://brill.com/view/title/17296|title=Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors: The Changing Politics of Language Choice|date=9 December 2011|publisher=Brill|isbn=978-90-04-21765-2|language=en|quote="As is well known, the Pashtun people place a great deal of pride upon their language as an identifier of their distinct ethnic and historical identity. While it is clear that not all those who self-identify as ethnically Pashtun themselves use Pashto as their primary language, language does seem to be one of the primary markers of ethnic identity in contemporary Afghanistan."}}</ref> # Ịgbaso koodu nke Pashtunwali.<ref name="Conflict"/><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0506/feature2_4.html|title=Understanding Pashto|publisher=[[University of Pennsylvania]]|year=2006|accessdate=18 January 2007|archivedate=12 December 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061212221109/http://www.upenn.edu/gazette/0506/feature2_4.html}}</ref> Nkọwa ọdịbendị chọrọ ka ndị Pashtunwali gbasoo usoro iwu Pashtunwali. # N'ịbụ onye Agbụrụ Pashtun site na nna nna, dabere na iwu orthodox dị mkpa nke Pashtunwali nke na-achọkarị na ọ bụ naanị ndị nwere nna Pashtun bụ Pashtun. Nkọwa a na-etinye obere nkwenye na asụsụ ahụ.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Shackle|first=C.|date=1980|title=Hindko in Kohat and Peshawar|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London|volume=43|issue=3|pages=482–510|doi=10.1017/S0041977X00137401}}</ref> === Agbụrụ dị iche iche === [[Faịlụ:Afghanistan_ethnic_groups_2005.jpg|thumb|Map nke agbụrụ Pashtun<ref>{{Cite web|title=Afghanistan ethnic groups.|url=https://www.loc.gov/resource/g7631e.ct002134/|accessdate=22 September 2021|work=Library of Congress}}</ref>]] Otu ụlọ ọrụ a ma ama nke ndị Pashtun bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke agbụrụ. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Minority Rights Group Pashtuns|url=https://minorityrights.org/minorities/pashtuns/|work=Minority Rights Group|date=19 June 2015}}</ref> Usoro agbụrụ ahụ nwere ọtụtụ ọkwa nke nhazi: agbụrụ ha nọ na ya sitere na agbụrụ anọ 'ka ukwuu': Sarbani, Bettani, Gharghashti, na Karlani.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Adebayo|first=Akanmu G.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tGtGAwAAQBAJ&dq=karlani+sarbani&pg=PA203|title=Indigenous Conflict Management Strategies: Global Perspectives|date=4 April 2014|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-8805-7|language=en}}</ref> A na-ekewa agbụrụ ahụ n'ime òtù ndị ikwu a na-akpọ ''khels'', nke a na-ekewara n'ime obere ìgwè (''pllarina'' ma ọ bụ ''Plarganey''), nke ọ bụla nwere ọtụtụ ezinụlọ ndị a na- bingaka ''kahols''.<ref name="Jirga">{{Cite web|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN017434.pdf|title=Jirga – A Traditional Mechanism of Conflict Resolution in Afghanistan|publisher=United Nations|first=Ali|author=Wardak|year=2003|accessdate=10 October 2006|archivedate=7 October 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061007192558/http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN017434.pdf}}</ref> ==== Ndị Pashtun Durrani na Ghilji ==== <templatestyles src="Module:Sidebar/styles.css"></templatestyles>Ndị Durranis na Ghiljis (ma ọ bụ Ghilzais) bụ ìgwè abụọ kachasị ukwuu nke ndị Pashtun, na ihe dịka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ndị Pashtuns Afghanistan so na njikọ ndị a.<ref name="USMA">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ctc.usma.edu/tribal-dynamics-of-the-afghanistan-and-pakistan-insurgencies/|title=Tribal Dynamics of the Afghanistan and Pakistan Insurgencies|date=15 August 2009|work=Combating Terrorism Center at West Point|accessdate=14 December 2021|archivedate=21 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021132110/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/tribal-dynamics-of-the-afghanistan-and-pakistan-insurgencies/}}</ref> Agbụrụ Durrani enweela ihe ịga nke ọma n'obodo ukwu na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ebe ndị Ghiljis dị ọtụtụ, ime obodo, ma bụrụ ndị siri ike. Na narị afọ nke iri na asatọ, ìgwè ndị ahụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ mgbe ụfọdụ ma na-alụ ọgụ mgbe ụfọdụ. Na oghere ole na ole, Durranis chịrị Afghanistan nke oge a n'ụzọ na-aga n'ihu ruo mgbe Saur Revolution nke 1978; Ndị ọchịchị Kọmunist ọhụrụ bụ Ghilji.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cZUtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA20|title=Our Latest Longest War: Losing Hearts and Minds in Afghanistan|first=Aaron B.|author=O'Connell|date=3 April 2017|publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]]|isbn=978-0-226-26565-0|accessdate=14 December 2021}}</ref> Njikọ agbụrụ siri ike n'etiti ndị Ghilji, ebe ọchịchị nke njikọ Durrani na-emetụta usoro agbụrụ dị iche iche nke nwe ala.<ref name="USMA" />    == Asụsụ ==   [[Faịlụ:Map_of_Pashto-speaking_areas_in_Afghanistan_and_Pakistan.svg|thumb|258x258px|Map nke ebe ndị na-Asụsụ Pashto na [[Afghanistan]] na Pakistan]] Asụsụ Pashto bụ asụsụ nne nke ọtụtụ ndị Pashtun.[1][2][3] Ọ bụ otu n’ime asụsụ abụọ nke mba Afghanistan.[4][5] Na Pakistan, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ asụsụ nke abụọ kacha nnukwu nke a na-asụ,[6] a na-ejikarị ya n’ọrụ gọọmentị mee ihe na usoro agụmakwụkwọ.[7][8][9][10][11][12] Emeela nkwupụta nke na-ekwu na nke a na-emetụta mmepe akụ na ụba nke ndị Pashtun,[13][14] n’ihi na ụmụ akwụkwọ enweghị ike ịghọta nke ọma ihe a na-akụzi n’asụsụ ndị ọzọ.[15] Robert Nichols kwuru:<ref name="Brill"/> [[Faịlụ:Pashto-speakers_by_Pakistani_District_-_2017_Census.svg|thumb|256x256px|Map nke ebe ndị na-asụ Pashto na Pakistan]] A na-ahazi Pashto dị ka asụsụ Eastern Iran, <ref name="Iranica-Pashto">{{Cite web|title=AFGHANISTAN vi. Paṧto|url=http://www.iranica.com/articles/afghanistan-vi-pasto|accessdate=10 October 2010|work=[[Georg Morgenstierne|G. Morgenstierne]]|publisher=Encyclopaedia Iranica|quote=Paṧtō undoubtedly belongs to the Northeastern Iranic branch.|archivedate=22 January 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122024645/http://www.iranica.com/articles/afghanistan-vi-pasto}}</ref> mana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke okwu bụ nke pụrụ iche na Pashto. <ref name="BensonKosonen20132">{{Cite book|author=Carol Benson|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tdREAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA64|title=Language Issues in Comparative Education: Inclusive Teaching and Learning in Non-Dominant Languages and Cultures|date=13 June 2013|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-6209-218-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|author=Ehsan M Entezar|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fdTJgCSPsGwC&q=pashto+purification&pg=PA89|title=Afghanistan 101: Understanding Afghan Culture|publisher=Xlibris Corporation|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4257-9302-9}}</ref> Akụkụ Pashto n'ihe gbasara ngwaa dị mgbagwoju anya ma e jiri ya tụnyere asụsụ ndị ọzọ nke Iran.<ref>{{Cite book|author=David|first=Anne Boyle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zK7zMgEACAAJ|title=Descriptive Grammar of Pashto and Its Dialects|date=2014|publisher=De Gruyter Mouton|isbn=978-1-61451-303-2}}</ref> N'ihe banyere nke a, MacKenzie na-ekwu, sị: <ref>{{Cite book|doi=10.4324/9780203412336-14|chapter=Pashto|title=The Major Languages of South Asia, the Middle East and Africa|date=2003|pages=116–130|isbn=978-0-203-41233-6}}</ref> Pashto nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke olumba: n'ozuzu ya kewara n'ìgwè ndị dị n'Ebe Ugwu, Ndịda na etiti; yana Tarino ma ọ bụ Waṇetsi dị ka otu dị iche. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Waneci, Glottolog: wane1241|url=https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/wane1241|accessdate=20 March 2021|work=glottolog.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Waneci, ISO 639-3 wne|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/wne|accessdate=20 March 2021|work=Ethnologue}}</ref> Dị ka Elfenbein si kwuo: "Ọdịiche dị iche iche dị na phonology na lexicon: ọdịdị na syntax bụ, ọzọ ma e wezụga Wanetsi, otu ihe dị ịrịba ama". <ref>{{Cite book|author=Kaye|first=Alan S.|title=Phonologies of Asia and Africa: (including the Caucasus)|date=1997|publisher=Eisenbrauns|isbn=978-1-57506-019-4}}</ref> Ibrahim Khan na-enye nkewa na-esonụ na mkpụrụedemede: Northern Western dialect (dịka nke ndị Ghilzai na-asụ) nwere uru phonetic {{IPA|/ç+/}}, North Eastern (nke ndị Yusafzais na-asụrụ wdg) nwere ụda {{IPA|/x/}}, South Western (nke ndị Abdalis na-asuru wdg) na-enwe {{IPA|/ʂ/}} na South Eastern (nke Kakars na-asọrọ wdg) nwee {{IPA|/ʃ/}} .<ref name="Khan2021">{{Cite journal|author=Khan|first=Ibrahim|title=Tarīno and Karāṇi dialects|journal=Pashto|date=7 September 2021|volume=50|issue=661|url=http://www.pashto.org.pk/index.php/path/article/view/178}}</ref> Ọ na-egosi na a ga-ekewa asụsụ Central, nke agbụrụ Karlāṇ na-asụ, na North {{IPA|/x/}} na South {{IPA|/ʃ/}} dị iche mana ọ na-enye na mgbakwunye na asụsụ ndị a dị n'etiti enweela mgbanwe ụdaume nke na-eme ka ha dị iche: dịka ọmụmaatụ {{IPA|/ɑ/}} nke aleph na-anọchite anya asụsụ ndị na-abụghị nke etiti na-aghọ {{IPA|/ɔː/}} na asụsụ Banisi.<ref name="Khan2021" /> == Omenala ==   [[Faịlụ:Pashtuns.jpg|thumb|Uwe obodo ụmụaka Pashtun na-eji]] Omenala Pashtun dabere na Pashtunwali, Islam na nghọta asụsụ Pashto. A na-eji dialeketi Kabul eme ka akwụkwọ ozi Pashto dị ugbu a kwekọọ. Akwụkwọ mkpụrụ okwu bụkwa akụkụ dị mkpa nke omenala Pashtun ọ dịkwa otú ahụ kemgbe ọtụtụ narị afọ. Omume ndị dị tupu Islam, nke malite na mmeri Alexander n’elu Alaeze Persia na 330 BC, nwere ike ịlanarịrị n'ụdị egwu omenala, ebe ụdị akwụkwọ na egwu na-egosi mmetụta sitere na omenala Persia yana ngwa egwu mpaghara jikọtara na ụdị mpaghara na nghọta mpaghara. Dị ka Ndị Muslim ndị ọzọ, Pashtun na-eme ememe ezumike Islamic. N’ihe megidere Pashtun bi na Pakistan, a na-eme ememe Nowruz na Afghanistan dị ka Afọ Ọhụrụ Afghanistan site n'aka ndị agbụrụ Afghanistan niile.. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2025)">citation needed</span>]]''&#x5D;</sup> === Jirga === Otu nzukọ Pashtun a ma ama ọzọ bụ lóya jirgá (Pashto: لويه جرګه) ma ọ bụ 'ọgbakọ ukwu' nke ndị okenye họpụtara. Ndị otu jirgá (Pashto: جرګه) na-eme ọtụtụ mkpebi n’ime ndụ agbụrụ, nke bụ nzukọ isi nke ikike ndị Pashtun na-asọpụrụ dị ka ọchịchị nwere ezi uche.<ref name="HRW">{{Cite web|url=http://hrw.org/press/2002/04/qna-loyagirga.htm|title=Q & A on Afghanistan's Loya Jirga Process|accessdate=10 October 2006|publisher=Human Rights Watch}}</ref> === Okpukpe ===   [[Faịlụ:Mosque_in_Kandahar-2011.jpg|thumb|ili nke Ahmad Shah Durrani na Kandahar City, nke na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ alakụba Congregational ma nwee uwe nsọ nke onye amụma Islam [[Muhammad]] yi.]] Tupu Islam, e nwere nkwenkwe dị iche iche nke ndị Pashtun na-eme dịka Zoroastrianism, Buddha na Hinduism. <ref name="ArnoldNettl2000">{{Cite book|author=Arnold|first=Alison|title=The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia|publisher=[[Taylor & Francis]]|year=2000|isbn=978-0-8240-4946-1|language=en|quote=Before the emergence of Islam, the Pakhtuns were followers of Hinduism and Buddhism and considered music sacred, employing it in many religious rituals.}}</ref> Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Pashtun na-agbaso Islam Sunni ma bụrụ ndị ụlọ akwụkwọ echiche Hanafi. Obere obodo ndị Shia dị na Khyber Pakhtunkhwa na Paktia. Ndị Shias bụ ndị agbụrụ Turi ebe agbụrụ Bangash bụ ihe dịka 50% Shia na ndị Sunni ndị ọzọ, ndị a na-ahụkarị na gburugburu Parachinar, Kurram, Hangu, Kohat na Orakzai.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Sunni Militants Claim Deadly Attack at Market in Pakistan|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/14/world/asia/sunni-militants-claim-deadly-attack-at-market-in-pakistan.html|work=The New York Times|date=13 December 2015|accessdate=14 December 2015}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Afghan_men_praying_in_Kunar-2009.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Ndị ikom na-eme salat Islam (ikpe ekpere) n'èzí n'èbe na mpaghara Kunar nke Afghanistan]] Enwere ike ịchọta ihe nketa nke ọrụ Sufi na mpaghara ụfọdụ nke Pashtun, ọkachasị na Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, dịka o doro anya na abụ na ịgba egwú. Ọtụtụ Pashtuns bụ ndị Ulema a ma ama, ndị ọkà mmụta Alakụba, dị ka Maulana Aazam onye dere ihe karịrị narị akwụkwọ ise gụnyere Tafasee nke kor'an dị ka Naqeeb Ut Tafaseer, Tafseer Ul Aazamain, Tafseer e Naqeebi na Noor Ut Tafaseor wdg, yana Muhammad Muhsin Khan onye nyere aka sụgharịa kor'an, Sahih Al-Bukhari na ọtụtụ akwụkwọ ndị ọzọ n'asụsụ Bekee.<ref name="Noble Quran">{{Cite web|url=http://firstedition.com.my/the%20noble%20quran.htm|title=''The Noble Quran'' (in 9 VOLUMES), Arabic-English|work=firstedition.com.my|editor=Muhammad Muhsin Khan|accessdate=18 January 2007|archivedate=28 June 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060628232824/http://firstedition.com.my/the%20noble%20quran.htm}}</ref> Ọtụtụ ndị Pashtun chọrọ iweghachite njirimara ha site na ijikọta ha na ndị Taliban na iyi ọha egwu mba ụwa, nke na-enweghị njikọ kpọmkwem na omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Pashtun.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6198382.stm|title=Pashtuns want an image change|publisher=BBC News|first=Ahmed|author=Rashid}}</ref> Obere ozi dị na ndị na-abụghị ndị Alakụba n'ihi na e nwere obere data gbasara Ndị na-enweghị okpukpe na ndị pere mpe, karịsịa ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ndị Hindu na Ndị Sikh Pashtuns si na Khyber Pakhtunkhwa kwapụ mgbe nkewa nke India gasịrị, mgbe ịrị elu nke Taliban.<ref name="Tariq Ali">{{Cite book|title=The clash of fundamentalisms: crusades, jihads and modernity|url=https://archive.org/details/clashoffundament00alit|quote=The friends from Peshawar would speak of Hindu and Sikh Pashtuns who had migrated to India. In the tribal areas – the no man's land between Afghanistan and Pakistan – quite a few Hindus stayed on and were protected by the tribal codes. The same was true in Afghanistan itself (till the mujahidin and the Taliban arrived).|publisher=Verso|accessdate=20 April 2008|isbn=978-1-85984-457-1|author=Ali, Tariq|year=2003}}</ref><ref name="John Trimbur">{{Cite book|title=The call to write|url=https://archive.org/details/calltowrite0000trim|quote=Sikh Pashtuns.|publisher=Pearson Longman|accessdate=20 April 2008|isbn=978-0-321-20305-2|author=Trimbur, John|date=10 August 2004}}</ref> E nwekwara ndị Hindu na-azọrọ na ha bụ ndị Pashtun, mgbe ụfọdụ a maara dị ka ''Sheen Khalai'' (ọ bụ ezie na ndị Pashtun ndị ọzọ na-arụ ụka banyere agbụrụ ha), ndị kwagara India.<ref>{{Cite news|author=Haidar|first=Suhasini|date=3 February 2018|title=Tattooed 'blue-skinned' Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tattooed-blue-skinned-hindu-pushtuns-look-back-at-their-roots/article22645932.ece}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ur8WAQAAMAAJ&q=hindu+pashtuns|title=Himāl: The South Asian Magazine|date=2002|publisher=Himal, Incorporated|quote=Most Hindus and Sikhs left Afghanistan during the 1992–1996 fighting}}</ref> Obere obodo Hindu, nke a maara dị ka Sheen Khalai nke pụtara 'acha anụnụ anụnụ' (na-ezo aka na agba nke Egbugbu ihu ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun), kwagara Unniara, Rajasthan, India mgbe nkewa gasịrị.<ref name="Haider2018">{{Cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tattooed-blue-skinned-hindu-pushtuns-look-back-at-their-roots/article22645932.ece|title=Tattooed 'blue-skinned' Hindu Pushtuns look back at their roots|author=Haider|first=Suhasini|date=3 February 2018|work=The Hindu|accessdate=9 February 2020}}</ref> Tupu 1947, obodo ahụ biri na mpaghara Quetta, Loralai na Maikhter nke mpaghara British Indian nke Baluchistan. <ref name="Haider2018" /><ref name="thebetterindia">{{Cite web|url=https://www.thebetterindia.com/155394/hindu-pashtun-shilpi-batra-sheenkhalai-afghanistan/|title=India's Forgotten Links to Afghanistan|work=thebetterindia|date=8 August 2018}}</ref><ref name="hind">{{Cite web|url=https://www.arabnews.pk/node/1697086/pakistan|title=70 years on, one Pashtun town still safeguards its old Hindu-Muslim brotherhood|date=30 June 2020|author=Khan|first=Naimat|work=Arab News|quote=The meat-eating Hindu Pashtuns are a little known tribe in India even today, with a distinct culture carried forward from Afghanistan and Balochistan which includes blue tattoos on the faces of the women, traditional Pashtun dancing and clothes heavily adorned with coins and embroidery.}}</ref> A na-ekwukarị na ha bụ ndị agbụrụ Pashtun Kakar. Taa, ha na-aga n'ihu na-asụ Pashto ma na-eme emume ọdịbendị Pashtun site na ịgba egwu Attan. <ref name="thebetterindia" /><ref name="Haider2018" /> E nwekwara ndị Sikh ole na ole na-asụ Pashto na Tirah, Orakzai, Kurram, Malakand, na Swat. N'ihi nnupụisi na-aga n'ihu na Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, a chụpụrụ ụfọdụ ndị Sikh na-asụ Pashto n'ime obodo ha ka ha biri n'obodo ndị dị ka Peshawar na Nankana Sahib. <ref name="Eusufzye2018">{{Cite web|author=Eusufzye|first=Khan Shehram|title=Two identities, twice the pride: The Pashtun Sikhs of Nankana Saheb|url=https://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2018/03/11/two-identities-twice-the-pride-the-pashtun-sikhs-of-nankana-saheb/amp/|work=[[Pakistan Today]]|accessdate=31 May 2020|year=2018|quote=One can sense a diminutive yet charming cultural amalgamation in certain localities within the town with the settling of around 250 Pashtun Sikh families in the city.}}</ref> <ref name="Sikhs">{{Cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1193942|title=Tirah Sikhs glad at getting status of tribal elders|date=12 July 2015|work=Dawn}}</ref><ref name="Sikh Pashtuns">{{Cite news|url=http://www.newsline.com.pk/NewsOct2008/sprepoct.htm|date=October 2008|title=The Frontier Singhs|publisher=Newsline Publications (Pvt.) Ltd.|accessdate=7 June 2009|quote=There is a small Sikh community in the largely ungoverned Orakzai tribal region, while a few live in Kurram's regional headquarters of Parachinar. They consider themselves "sons of the soil" – Pashtuns to be more specific – and are identified as such. "We are proud to be Pashtuns," says Sahib Singh. "Pashto is our tongue, our mother tongue – and we are proud of it."}}</ref> === Akwụkwọ na uri Pashto ===   [[Faịlụ:Mahmud_Tarzi_in_1920-cropped.jpg|áká_èkpè|thumb|Mahmud Tarzi, nwa Ghulam Muhammad Tarzi, ghọrọ onye ọsụ ụzọ nke Akwụkwọ akụkọ Afghanistan maka ibipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ Seraj al Akhbar . <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bl.uk/collections/afghan/chronology1881to1919.html|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070715124008/http://www.bl.uk/collections/afghan/chronology1881to1919.html|title=Chronology: the reigns of Abdur Rahman Khan and Habibullah, 1881–1919|archivedate=15 July 2007|accessdate=14 December 2021}}</ref>]] Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Pashtun na-eji Pashto dị ka asụsụ ha, nke sitere n'ezinụlọ asụsụ Iran, nke ihe ruru nde mmadụ iri isii na-asụ.<ref name="Penzl">{{Cite book|title=A Grammar of Pashto a Descriptive Study of the Dialect of Kandahar, Afghanistan|author=Penzl|first=Herbert|year=2009|publisher=Ishi Press International|isbn=978-0-923891-72-5|quote=''Estimates of the number of Pashto speakers range from 40&nbsp;million to 60&nbsp;million&nbsp;...''|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zvRePgAACAAJ}}</ref><ref name="Omniglot">{{Cite web|url=http://www.omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm|title=Pashto language, alphabet and pronunciation|publisher=Omniglot|accessdate=18 January 2007}}</ref> E dere ya na mkpụrụedemede Pashto-Arabic ma kewaa ya n'asụsụ abụọ, "Pashto" nke ndịda na "Pukhto" nke ugwu. Asụsụ a nwere mmalite oge ochie ma nwee ihe yiri asụsụ ndị nwụrụ anwụ dị ka Avestan na Bactrian. Ndị ikwu ya kachasị nso n'oge a nwere ike ịgụnye Asụsụ Pamir, dị ka Shughni na Wakhi, na Ossetic.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia|author=Minahan, James|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=978-1-61069-018-8|oclc=879947835|chapter=Pamiri|date=10 February 2014}}</ref> Pashto nwere ike ịnwe ihe nketa oge ochie nke ịgbaziri okwu site na asụsụ ndị agbata obi gụnyere ndị Persian na Vedic Sanskrit. Ịgbazinye ego nke oge a na-esite n'asụsụ Bekee. &nbsp; Nke mbụ na-akọwa mmeri Sheikh Mali meriri Swat.<ref name="UCLA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.afghan-network.net/Ethnic-Groups/pashtu-history.html|title=History of Pushto language|publisher=UCLA Language Materials Project|accessdate=18 January 2007}}</ref> E kwenyere na Pir Roshan dere ọtụtụ akwụkwọ Pashto mgbe ya na ndị Mughal na-alụ ọgụ. Ndị ọkà mmụta Pashtun dị ka Abdul Hai Habibi na ndị ọzọ kwenyere na ọrụ Pashto mbụ malitere na Amir Kror Suri, ha na-ejikwa ihe odide ndị a hụrụ na Pata Khazana dị ka ihe akaebe. Amir Kror Suri, nwa ''Amir Polad Suri'', bụ dike na eze nke narị afọ nke asatọ si n'ógbè Ghor na Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Afghan Monarchs: Sher Shah Suri, Amanullah Khan, Habibullah Khan, Amir Kror Suri|year=2010|publisher=General Books|location=London|isbn=978-1-156-38425-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|title=Afghanistan|year=1967|publisher=Historical Society of Afghanistan|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zhrjAAAAMAAJ}}</ref> Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ ndị ọkachamara Europe na-arụ ụka na nke a n'ihi enweghị ihe akaebe siri ike. === Mgbasa ozi na nka ===   Mgbasa ozi Pashto agbasawo n'ime afọ iri gara aga, na ọtụtụ ọwa TV Pashto na-adị. Abụọ n'ime ndị a ma ama bụ AVT Khyber na Pashto One nke dị na Pakistan. Ndị Pashtun gburugburu ụwa, ọkachasị ndị nọ na mba ndị Arab, na-ele ndị a maka ebumnuche ntụrụndụ na iji nweta akụkọ ọhụrụ banyere obodo ha.<ref name="ATVKhyber">{{Cite web|url=http://www.avtkhyber.tv/website/about.htm|title=Link|work=avtkhyber.tv|publisher=[[AVT Khyber]]|accessdate=15 January 2008|archivedate=5 January 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080105030355/http://www.avtkhyber.tv/website/about.htm}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ bụ Shamshad TV nke Afghanistan, Radio Television Afghanistan, TOLOnews na Lemar TV, nke nwere ihe ngosi ụmụaka pụrụ iche a na-akpọ ''Baghch-e-Simsim''. Akụkọ mba ụwa na-enye mmemme Pashto gụnyere BBC Pashto na Voice Olu America. Ndị na-emepụta ihe na Peshawar emeela ihe nkiri asụsụ Pashto kemgbe afọ 1970. Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Pashtun na-anọgide na-ekere òkè dị ukwuu n'ụdị ngosipụta anụ ahụ dị iche iche gụnyere ịgba egwú, ịlụ ọgụ mma agha, na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ikekwe ụdị ngosipụta nka kachasị ewu ewu nwere ike ịhụ n'ụdị dị iche iche nke ịgba egwu Pashtun. Otu n'ime ịgba egwú a ma ama bụ ''Attan'', nke nwere mgbọrọgwụ oge ochie. A na-eme ihe omume siri ike, Attan ka ndị na-agụ egwú na-akpọ ngwá egwú dị iche iche gụnyere ''dhol'' (ụbọ), tablas (ụbọ akwara), ''rubab'' (ụbọ ụbọ akwara a na-akpọ), na ''toola'' (ụbọ ọjà osisi). Site na mmegharị okirikiri ngwa ngwa, ndị na-agba egwú na-eme ruo mgbe ọ dịghị onye hapụrụ ịgba egwú, dịka Ndị Sufi na-agbagharị dervishes. Ọtụtụ ịgba egwú ndị ọzọ nwere njikọ na agbụrụ dị iche iche karịsịa ndị si Pakistan gụnyere ''Khattak Wal Atanrh'' (nke a na-akpọ aha agbụrụ Khattak), ''Mahsood Wal Atanrh'' ("nke, n'oge a, na-agụnye ịgba égbè), na ''Waziro Atanrh'' n'etiti ndị ọzọ. Ụdị nke ''Khattak Wal Atanrh'' nke a maara dị ka ''Braghoni'' na-agụnye iji mma agha atọ ma chọọ nkà dị ukwuu. Ụmụ agbọghọ na ụmụ agbọghọ na-ejikarị ''Tumbal'' (Dayereh) nke bụ ngwá ọrụ eme ihe na agbamakwụkwọ.<ref>{{Cite book|chapter=Ghaval|title=New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments|edition=2nd|author=McCollum|first=Jonathan|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2014|isbn=978-0-19-974339-1}}</ref> === Egwuregwu === [[Faịlụ:Shahid_Afridi_2010-cropped.jpg|thumb|Shahid Afridi, onye bụbu onyeisi Ndị otu egwuregwu cricket nke mba Pakistan]] Ma ndị otu cricket mba Pakistan na ndị otu criquet mba Afghanistan nwere ndị egwuregwu Pashtun.<ref name="EWC">{{Cite book|title=The Encyclopedia of World Cricket|first=Roy|author=Morgan|location=Cheltenham|publisher=SportsBooks|year=2007|isbn=978-1-89980-751-2}}</ref> Otu n'ime egwuregwu kachasị ewu ewu n'etiti ndị Pashtun bụ cricket, nke e webatara na South Asia n'oge mmalite narị afọ nke 18 na mbata nke ndị Britain. Ọtụtụ ndị Pashtun aghọwo ndị egwuregwu cricket a ma ama na mba ụwa, gụnyere Imran Khan, Shahid Afridi, Majid Khan, Misbah-ul-Haq, Younis Khan, Umar Gul, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Younis Khan Profile|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/43652.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Junaid Khan, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Umar Gul Profile|url=https://www.cricbuzz.com/profiles/504/umar-gul#!#profile|work=CricBuzz}}</ref> Fakhar Zaman, <ref>{{Cite web|title=Fakhar Zaman, Junaid Khan reveal their Pathan aggression|url=https://www.brecorder.com/2017/12/02/384328/fakhar-zaman-junaid-khan-reveal-their-pathan-aggression/|work=Business Recorder|date=2 December 2017}}</ref> Mohammad Rizwan, [4] Usman Shinwari, Naseem Shah, Shaheen Afridi, Iftikhar Ahmed, Mohammad Wasim na Yasir Shah.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Pakistan's Fakhar Zaman aims to win World Cup and break into Test team|url=https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12343/11479807/pakistans-fakhar-zaman-aims-to-win-world-cup-and-break-into-test-team|publisher=Sky Sports}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Mohammad Rizwan profile|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/pakistan/content/player/323389.html|publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> Onye Australia na-eme egwuregwu cricket bụ Fawad Ahmed bụ onye Pakistan Pashtun bụ onye na-egwuri egwu maka otu mba Australia. <ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tribune.com.pk/story/578939/hottie-of-the-week-fawad-ahmed/|title=Hottie of the week: Fawad Ahmed|work=The Express Tribune|date=23 July 2013|accessdate=1 September 2013}}</ref> Makha bụ egwuregwu ịgba ụta ọdịnala na Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, nke a na-eji ogologo ụta (''gheshai'') na-egwu ya nke nwere efere ígwè dị ka saucer na njedebe ya dịpụrụ adịpụ, na ogologo ụta.<ref>{{Cite web|title='Mukha' lovers throng Topi contest|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/729598/mukha-lovers-throng-topi-contest|work=Dawn|date=26 June 2012}}</ref> N'Afghanistan, ụfọdụ ndị Pashtun ka na-ekere òkè n'egwuregwu oge ochie nke buzkashi nke ndị na-agba ịnyịnya na-anwa itinye ozu ewu ma ọ bụ nwa ehi n'ime gburugburu goolu.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sports and Games of Pashtoons|url=http://www.khyber.org/culture/a/Sports_and_Games_of_Pashtoons.shtml|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419174423/http://www.khyber.org/culture/a/Sports_and_Games_of_Pashtoons.shtml|archivedate=19 April 2017|work=Khyber.org}}</ref> === Ụmụ nwanyị === A maara ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun dị ka ndị dị umeala n'obi na ndị a na-asọpụrụ n'ihi ejiji ha dị ala. Ndụ ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun dịgasị iche site na ndị bi n'ime ime obodo ndị na-agbaso omenala na ndị a na-ahụ n'obodo ukwu.<ref name="Women's Rights">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/people/features/ihavearightto/four_b/report-azami.shtml|title=I have a right to|publisher=BBC World Service|date=16 January 2006|accessdate=10 October 2006}}</ref> N'ime obodo, a na-akpọ onye isi obodo nwanyị "qaryadar". Ọrụ ya nwere ike ịgụnye ịhụ ememe ụmụ nwanyị, ịhazi ụmụ nwanyị ka ha mee ememe okpukpe, ịkwadebe ụmụ nwanyị nwụrụ anwụ maka olili, na ịrụ ọrụ maka ụmụ nwanyị nwụrụnụ. Ọ na-ahazi alụmdi na nwunye maka ezinụlọ ya ma dozie esemokwu maka ụmụ nwoke na ụmụ nwanyị.<ref name="Harvard">{{Cite web|url=http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/kakar.pdf|archiveurl=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/research/kakar.pdf|archivedate=9 October 2022|title=Tribal Law of Pashtunwali and Women's Legislative Authority|work=law.harvard.edu|publisher=[[Harvard University]]}}</ref> Ọ bụ ezie na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun ka bụ ndị agbụrụ na ndị na-amaghị akwụkwọ, ụfọdụ agwụla mahadum ma sonye n'ụwa ọrụ.<ref name="Women's Rights" /> [[Faịlụ:Shinzō_Abe_and_Malala_Yousafzai_(1)_Cropped.jpg|thumb|222x222px|Malala Yousafzai, onye Pakistan na-eme ihe maka agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị na onye nwetara ihe nrite Nobel Peace Prize na 2014]] Ọtụtụ iri afọ nke agha na ịrị elu nke ndị Taliban [./Taliban_treatment_of_women]Mba" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Taliban treatment of women">kpatara nnukwu ihe isi ike n'etiti ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun, ebe ọ bụ na nkọwa siri ike nke iwu Islam gbochiri ọtụtụ n'ime ikike ha. Ndụ siri ike nke ụmụ nwanyị Afghanistan gbara ọsọ ndụ nwetara aha ọjọọ site na onyinyo Afghan Girl (Sharbat Gula) nke e gosipụtara na June 1985 nke magazin National Geographic.<ref name="Sharbat Gula">{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/100best/storyA_story.html|title=Along Afghanistan's War-torn Frontier|work=National Geographic|date=June 1985|accessdate=10 October 2006|archivedate=9 November 2006|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061109082729/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/100best/storyA_story.html}}</ref> Mgbanwe mmekọrịta ọha na eze nke oge a maka ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun malitere na mmalite narị afọ nke 20, mgbe Eze Nwanyị Soraya Tarzi nke Afghanistan mere mgbanwe ngwa ngwa iji melite ndụ ụmụ nwanyị na ọnọdụ ha n'ezinụlọ. Ọ bụ naanị nwanyị pụtara na ndepụta nke ndị ọchịchị na Afghanistan. A na-ekwu na ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị inyom Afghanistan na ndị Alakụba mbụ na ndị kachasị ike. Nkwado ya maka mgbanwe mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya maka ụmụ nwanyị dugara na ngagharị iwe ma nye aka na njedebe ikpeazụ nke ọchịchị Eze Amanullah na 1929. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/JournalofInternationalWomensStudies/2003/Vol4Nr3May/Afghanistan.pdf|title=A History of Women in Afghanistan: Lessons Learnt for the Future|work=Huma Ahmed-Ghosh|publisher=Aletta, Institute for Women's History|date=May 2003|accessdate=2 December 2010|archivedate=18 May 2011|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110518125237/http://www.iiav.nl/ezines/web/JournalofInternationalWomensStudies/2003/Vol4Nr3May/Afghanistan.pdf}}</ref> Ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ nọgidere bụrụ ihe dị mkpa n'afọ ndị 1970, dịka onye ndú ụmụ nwanyị Meena Keshwar Kamal mere mkpọsa maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị ma guzobe Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) na 1977. <ref name="RAWA">{{Cite web|url=http://www.rawa.org/waves.htm|title=Making Waves: Interview with RAWA|work=RAWA.org|date=16 January 2006|accessdate=10 October 2006}}</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun n'ụbọchị ndị a dịgasị iche site na ndị inyom ọdịnala na-ebi na nzuzo na ndị ọrụ obodo, ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-achọ ma ọ bụ nweta nha nhata na ụmụ nwoke.<ref name="Women's Rights"/> Mana n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe mgbochi mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ ka dị ala maka ha karịa maka ụmụ nwoke.<ref name="Afghan women literacy">{{Cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/laura-bush-meets-afghan-women/|title=Laura Bush Meets Afghan Women|publisher=CBS News|date=16 January 2006|accessdate=10 October 2006}}</ref> Mmetọ a na-emegbu ụmụ nwanyị dị ma na-agbakwu mbọ site n'aka òtù ndị na-ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru ụmụ nwanyị nke na-ahụ onwe ha na-alụ ọgụ na òtù okpukpe ndị na-agbaso omenala yana ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na Pakistan na Afghanistan. Dị ka akwụkwọ 1992 si kwuo, "omume dị ike nke nnagide na-egbochi ikike nke ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun ọdịnala iji belata nhụjuanya ha kwetara na ndụ ha".<ref name="Paxtun Women">{{Cite book|author=Grima|first=Benedicte|year=1992|title=Performance of Emotion Among Paxtun Women|publisher=[[University of Texas Press]]|isbn=0-292-72756-9}}</ref> N'ịga n'ihu na-ama ọnọdụ ahụ aka, a họpụtara Vida Samadzai dị ka Miss Afghanistan na 2003, ihe a natara site na nkwado sitere n'aka ndị na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị na ndị na-ele ngosipụta dị otú ahụ anya dị ka ndị na-emegide ọdịnala na ndị na'abụghị ndị Alakụba. Ụfọdụ enwetala ọkwá ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Afghanistan na Pakistan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4434782.stm|title=Warlords and women in uneasy mix|first=Andrew|author=North|publisher=BBC News|date=14 November 2005|accessdate=10 October 2006}}</ref> A na-ahụ ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun dị ka ndị na-elekọta TV, ndị nta akụkọ na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri. <ref name="Khyber"/> N'afọ 1942, Madhubala (Mumtaz Jehan), Marilyn Monroe nke India, banyere na ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri Bollywood.<ref name="Devasher2022">{{Cite book|author=Devasher|first=Tilak|title=The Pashtuns: A Contested History|date=15 September 2022|publisher=Harper Collins|isbn=978-93-94407-64-0|language=en|quote=The Pashtuns have made a vital contribution in diverse spheres of life: all rulers of Afghanistan since 1747, except for a nine-month interlude in 1929 and between 1992 and 1996, have been Pashtuns. In Pakistan, Ayub Khan, a Tarin Pashtun, as also Gen. Yahya Khan and Ghulam Ishaq Khan, became presidents; in India, Zakir Hussain, an Afridi Pashtun, became president. Muhammed Yusuf Khan (Dilip Kumar) and Mumtaz Jahan (Madhubala) were great Bollywood actors; Mansoor Ali Khan (Tiger Pataudi) led the Indian cricket team;}}</ref> Ndị na-eme ihe nkiri na Bollywood nke afọ 1970 na 1980 gosipụtara Parveen Babi, onye sitere n'agbụrụ nke obodo Pathan nke Gujarat: Eze Babi . <ref>{{Cite web|author=Khanna|first=Anshu|title=Remembering the Brightest of the Babis|url=https://thedailyguardian.com/remembering-the-brightest-of-the-babis/|publisher=Daily Guardian|date=22 January 2021}}</ref> Ndị ọzọ na-eme ihe nkiri na ndị nlereanya India, dị ka Zarine Khan, na-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụ.<ref name="pathan">{{Cite news|author=Dalal|first=Mangal|title=When men were men|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/when-men-were-men/564691/0|work=The Indian Express|accessdate=23 August 2013|quote="She's a Pathan girl who speaks Hindi and Urdu well and was spectacular in the screen test. It was pure luck."|date=8 January 2010}}</ref> N'ime afọ ndị 1980 ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun jere ozi n'òtù Ndị agha nke ọchịchị Kọmunist nke Afghanistan. Khatol Mohammadzai jere ozi na paratrooper n'oge Agha Obodo Afghanistan ma mesịa bụrụ Brigadier General na ndị agha Afghanistan. Nigar Johar bụ onye Ọchịagha kpakpando atọ na ndị agha Pakistan, nwanyị ọzọ Pashtun ghọrọ onye na-anya ụgbọelu na ndị agha ụgbọelu Pakistan.<ref name="Female Pilots">{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4533367.stm|title=Pakistan's first women fighter pilots|first=Zaffar|author=Abbas|publisher=BBC News|date=11 May 2005|accessdate=10 October 2006}}</ref> Ụmụ nwanyị Pashtun na-enwekarị ikike iwu ha maka ndị di ha ma ọ bụ ndị ikwu nwoke. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ bụ ezie na a na-ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị na-eme ntụli aka na Pakistan, ụmụ nwoke ewepụla ụfọdụ n'ime ha n'ime igbe ntuli aka.<ref name="Women's Rights"/> == Ndị ama ama ==   == Ihe odide nkọwa ==   * Rịba ama: ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Pashtuns (gụnyere ndị na-enweghị akara) na mba ndị ọzọ sitere na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche, UN, CIA's The World Factbook na Ethnologue. == Edensibia ==   == Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==        [[Otú:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Otú:Articles with short description]] [[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ajk8gt7b5bkh6otft7ck6hd8j1kjus3 0 77148 688416 670506 2026-07-18T11:35:03Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688416 wikitext text/x-wiki  <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Infobox officeholder | name = Emmanuel Chibuzor Nwachukwu | image = Emma Nwachukwu.jpg | caption = | office = Senator for Anambra South | term_start = 8 October 2025 | predecessor = [[Ifeanyi Ubah]] | birth_name = Emmanuel Chibuzor Nwachukwu | birth_place = Ukpor, [[Nnewi South]] | party = All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA) | alma_mater = University of Nigeria, Nsukka | occupation = Accountant, businessman, politician | title = }} <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Emmanuel Chibuzor Nwachukwu''' {{Audio|Ig-Emmanuel Chibuzor Nwachukwu.ogg|Listen}} (nke a maara dị ka Chief Emma Nwachukwu ma na-akpọ '''Ọnọdụgo [[Ukpor]]''') bụ onye na-edekọ ego na Naijiria, onye ọchụnta ego, onye ndu obodo na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.  Ọ bụ Sinetọ na-anọchite anya Anambra South Senatorial District na ụlọ omebe iwu Naijiria na-esote ntuli aka nke August 2025.<ref name="Vanguardnhr">{{Cite news|title=By-elections: APGA wins Anambra South Senatorial District|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/08/apga-wins-senatorial-house-of-assembly-bye-elections-in-anambra/|date=17 August 2025|accessdate=18 August 2025|work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Ọ bụbu onyeisi oche nke Ukpor Improvement Union (UIU), otu kachasị elu na omenala obodo ya. <ref name="NewTelegraph">{{Cite news|title=Anambra South: Nwachukwu unveils agenda, assures of youth empowerment|url=https://newtelegraphng.com/anambra-south-nwachukwu-unveils-agenda-assures-of-youth-empowerment/|date=9 August 2025|accessdate=18 August 2025|work=[[New Telegraph]]}}</ref> == Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ == Nwachukwu, amụrụ na Febụwarị 1, 1963 si n'obodo Umuhu dị na [[Ukpor]], [[Nnewi South]], Anambra State, Nigeria. Ọ lụrụ di kemgbe February 1, 1997.O nwetara akara ugo mmụta na akaụntụ na Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka na 1987 ma mechaa gaa mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ndị isi na Lagos Business School na IESE Business School, Barcelona.<ref name="NigerianVoice">{{Cite web|title=Ukpor PG, Nwachukwu Clears Air On The 2019 Ịgba Asara Ukpor|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/277131/ukpor-pg-nwachukwu-clears-air-on-the-2019-gba-asara-ukpor.html|work=NigerianVoice|date=April 2019|accessdate=30 October 2025}}</ref><ref name="NigeriaVoice">{{Cite web|title=Ukpor APGA Leader, Emma Nwachukwu Marks Birthday|url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/305553/ukpor-apga-leader-emma-nwachukwu-marks-birthday.html|work=NigerianVoice|date=February 2022|accessdate=30 October 2025}}</ref> == Ọrụ == O nwetara akara ugo mmụta na akaụntụ na Mahadum Naịjirịa, Nsukka na 1987 ma mechaa gaa mmemme agụmakwụkwọ ndị isi na Lagos Business School na IESE Business School, Barcelona.<ref name="Independent">{{Cite news|title=Emma Nwachukwu Will Go To Senate — Soludo|url=https://independent.ng/emma-nwachukwu-will-go-to-senate-soludo/|date=3 August 2025|accessdate=18 August 2025|work=[[Independent (Nigeria)|Independent]]}}</ref> == Nduzi obodo == Site na 2017 ruo 2020, Nwachukwu jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke [[Ukpor Improvement Union]], idu ndú ya na Ukpor mere ka ọ nweta aha ọdịnala ''Onodugo Ukpor'', nkwanye ùgwù maka ọrụ pụrụ iche nye obodo.<ref name="NewTelegraph"/> == ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị == === Ntuli aka zuru oke nke 2023 === Chief Emma Nwachukwu enwetaghị tiketi onye omeiwu APGA maka Anambra n'ebe ndịda na onye na-asọmpi Ifeanyi Uba, jiri naanị votu 3 merie [[Chris Emeka Azubogu|Chris Emeka Azubuogu]] na ntuli aka APGA nke 2023 maka mpaghara ahụ. <ref name="DaillyPost">{{Cite news|title=APGA: Rep Chris Azubogu wins Anambra South Senatorial ticket after dumping PDP, APC|url=https://dailypost.ng/2022/06/01/anambra-rep-chris-azubogu-wins-apga-south-senatorial-ticket-after-dumping-pdp-apc/|date=1 June 2022|accessdate=30 October 2025|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> === Nhọpụta APGA === N'ọnwa Julaị afọ 2025, Nwachukwu meriri ntuli aka [[All Progressives Grand Alliance]] (APGA) maka ntuli aka nke Anambra South Senatorial District.<ref name="TheCable">{{Cite news|title=Emmanuel Nwachukwu wins APGA ticket for Anambra South senatorial by-election|url=https://www.thecable.ng/emmanuel-nwachukwu-wins-apga-ticket-for-anambra-south-senatorial-by-election|date=24 July 2025|accessdate=18 August 2025|work=[[TheCable]]}}</ref> === 2025 Nhọrọ nke Anambra South === N'abalị iri na isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 2025, ndị Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) kwupụtara na Nwachukwu bụ onye mmeri nke ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke Anambra South, na-eme ntụli aka 90,408 iji merie onye mmeri ya kacha nso site na All Progressives Congress (APC), onye nwetara 19,812 vootu.<ref name="DailyPost">{{Cite news|title=APGA’s Nwachukwu, Ikpeazu, Azikiwe win Anambra South, Onitsha North elections|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/17/apgas-nwachukwu-ikpeazu-azikiwe-win-anambra-south-senate-onitsha-north-1-elections/|date=17 August 2025|accessdate=18 August 2025|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> Mmeri ahụ bụ akụkọ ihe mere eme ka ọ ghọrọ onye mbụ si [[Nnewi South]] LGA iji merie oche onye omeiwu n'okpuru APGA.<ref name="FactCheckNG">{{Cite news|title=Nwachukwu wins Anambra South senatorial bye-election — 2nd in history of APGA|url=https://www.factcheckng.com/blog/2025/08/17/nwachukwu-wins-anambra-south-senatorial-bye-election-2nd-in-history-of-apga/|work=FactCheck NG|date=17 August 2025|accessdate=18 August 2025}}</ref> === Ịṅụ iyi === N'abalị asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2025, onye isi oche Senate, [[AKPABIO GODWILL OBOT|Godswill Akpabio]], mere ka Emma Nwachukwu bụrụ onye omeiwu Naijiria.<ref name="VanguardNigeria">{{Cite news|title=Akpabio swears in Ikpea, Nwachukwu as new senators|url=https://dailypost.ng/2025/08/17/apgas-nwachukwu-ikpeazu-azikiwe-win-anambra-south-senate-onitsha-north-1-elections/|date=10 October 2025|accessdate=30 October 2025|work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]]}}</ref> == Ndụ onwe onye == Nwachukwu nwere aha ọdịnala ''Onodugo Ukpor''. Ndị enyi obodo ya kọwara ya dị ka onye na-akwado nchekwa ọdịbendị na itinye aka na obodo. A naghị ekwupụta nkọwa nke ndụ ezinụlọ ya n'ọtụtụ ebe.<ref name="NewTelegraph"/> == Edensibịa == {{Reflist|30em}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Nwachukwu, Emmanuel Chibuzor}} == Njikọ mpụga == * [https://www.inecnigeria.org/ Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240919114214/https://apga.com.ng/ Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA)] {{DEFAULTSORT:Nwachukwu, Emmanuel Chibuzor}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] g2r20d3xnwyetxnca3grbckkukqiuk5 0 77200 688381 670600 2026-07-17T23:59:38Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688381 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>{{Cite web|title=Parc National d'Arly|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1884|access-date=25 April 2018}}</ref> [[Faịlụ:Arli-NP MS1219.jpg|thumb|Ogige Ntụrụndụ Arli]] '''Arli National Park''', often called '''Arly''',<ref name="MansonKnight2006" /> is a national park located in Tapoa Province, southeastern [[Burkina Faso]].<ref name="Ouédraogoetal.2011">{{Cite journal|author=Ouédraogo, O.|title=Magnoliophyta, Arly National Park, Tapoa, Burkina Faso|journal=[[Check List]]|volume=7|issue=1|pages=85–100|url=https://biotaxa.org/cl/article/view/7.1.85|year=2011|doi=10.15560/7.1.85}}</ref> It adjoins [[Benin]]'s Pendjari National Park in the south and the Singou Reserve in the west. == Akụkọ ihe mere eme == [[Faịlụ:WAP-Komplex_englisch.svg|thumb|290x290px|Mpaghara IUCN na-echebe nke WAP Complex]] Ogige ntụrụndụ a dị kilomita 760 (290 sq mi) nke nwere ọtụtụ ebe obibi dị iche iche, site na oke ọhịa dị na osimiri Arli na Pendjari ruo n'ọhịa savanna na ugwu ájá nke usoro Gobnangou. Ọ bụ ebe obibi nke ihe dị ka enyí Africa 200, hippo 200 na ọdụm 100. E nwekwara buffaloes, baboons, enwe uhie na akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, warthogs, na ụdị antelope dị iche iche, dị ka hartebeest nke ọdịda anyanwụ na antelope roan. E nwekwara bushbucks, duikers na waterbuck.<ref name="MansonKnight2006">{{Cite book|author=Manson, K.|title=Burkina Faso|publisher=[[Bradt Travel Guides]], [[The Globe Pequot Press]] Inc.|chapter=IV: The East|isbn=1841621544|url=https://archive.org/details/burkinafaso0000mans|year=2006|accessdate=June 17, 2008}}</ref><ref name="UNEPWCMC1984">{{Cite journal|title=UNEP Protected areas|url=http://www.unep-wcmc.org/protected_areas/data/sample/0113p.htm|year=1984}}</ref> Enwere ike ịbanye n'ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ site n'okporo ụzọ N19 site na Diapaga (n'oge ọkọchị site na Pama). Ogige Ntụrụndụ Arli nwere ọtụtụ ọdọ mmiri, dị ka Tounga ebe enwere olulu mmiri na ọdọ mmiri abụọ nke ihe ruru Enyí mmiri iri abụọ na-eleta. Ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ bụbu ebe obibi maka [[Nkịta ọhịa nke Afrịka|Nkịta ọhịa nke West Africa]] (''Lycaon pictus manguensis''), <ref name="Hogan2009">{{Cite journal|author=Michael|first=C. Hogan|title=Painted Hunting Dog: Lycaon pictus|url=http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=35993|date=2009-01-31}}</ref> ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-abụ na a ga-ewepụ nkịta a n'ógbè ahụ n'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ na-abawanye ụba, na enweghị nchebe mba. Ogige Arly bụ akụkụ nke ebe nchekwa dị mgbagwoju anya na ogige Singou, na-emepụta Ebe nnụnụ dị mkpa. Nchịkwa nke ogige ntụrụndụ ahụ ka enyere NATURAMA NGO nke Burkinabe kemgbe afọ 1993. A họpụtara ebe nchekwa ahụ dị ka Ebe Ramsar kemgbe afọ 2009 maka mkpa mba ụwa nke Ala mmiri ya. <ref>{{Cite web|title=Parc National d'Arly {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1884?language=fr|accessdate=2025-05-11|work=rsis.ramsar.org}}</ref> == Hụkwa == * Arly-Singou * Ogige Ntụrụndụ W == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} 5pil519gbboxkrumighy8f43vot1mf5 0 77448 688384 674199 2026-07-18T03:42:12Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Nature reserve in Western Cape, South Africa}} {{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}} {{Use South African English|date=October 2019}} {{Designation list | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = De Mond | designation1_date = 2 October 1986 | designation1_number = 342<ref>{{Cite web|title=De Mond|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/342|access-date=24 July 2021}}</ref>}} [[Faịlụ:De_Mond_PICT1327.JPG|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|De Mond na 2005.]]   '''Nchekwa Ọdịdị nke De Mond''', nke dị na Overberg n'etiti Struisbaai na Arniston, Western Cape, South Africa, <ref name="wildcard" /> abụwo ala mmiri Ramsar kemgbe 1986. <ref name="ramsar" /> Ogige ahụ kpuchiri ọnụ Osimiri Heuningnes ma kpuchie 918 hectare (2,270 acres). <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sa-venues.com/game-reserves/demond.php|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=SA-Venue}}</ref> Mmiri na-agbanwe agbanwe na-egbochi ọnụ osimiri ahụ ma bụrụ ebe a na-amụ ụdị nnụnụ dị iche iche. Ebe ahụ bụkwa ebe obibi maka Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ, anụ ndị na'oké osimiri, na Ịnyịnya mmiri. <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.capenature.co.za/reserves/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Cape Nature|archivedate=16 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190516051831/https://www.capenature.co.za/reserves/de-mond-nature-reserve/}}</ref><ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web|url=http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa|year=2013|accessdate=10 June 2019|work=The Annotated Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance|publisher=The Ramsar Convention on Wetlands}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://archive.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-documents-list-anno-southafrica/main/ramsar/1-31-218%5E16187_4000_0__ "The Annotated Ramsar List: South Africa"]. </cite></ref> Ọ mejupụtara obodo dị iche iche nke ahịhịa dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, gụnyere oke ọhịa mmiri ara ehi na ala nnu nke mejupụtara gburugburu ebe obibi nke osimiri.<ref name="wildcard">{{Cite web|url=https://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/|title=De Mond Nature Reserve|accessdate=10 June 2019|publisher=Wildcard|archivedate=21 December 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221203404/http://www.wildcard.co.za/de-mond-nature-reserve/}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. </cite></ref> == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Coor|34|43|S|20|7|E|source:enwiki-plaintext-parser}} qsbfqfwz3tn0r0wt7wtjghnd9z06hyg 0 77452 688385 672821 2026-07-18T03:42:36Z InternetArchiveBot 11600 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 688385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox park | name = Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve | map_image = {{maplink|type=shape|frame=yes|plain=yes|stroke-width=1|stroke-color=#d6d6d6|fill=#1e5833}} | location = Free State | nearest_town = Memel, South Africa | coordinates = {{coord|27|37|36.01|S|29|34|58.01|E}} | area = {{convert|49.89|km2}} | designated = {{Start date and age|1978|02|10|df=yes}} | module = {{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = Ramsar | designation1_offname = Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve | designation1_date = 21 January 1997 | designation1_number = 888<ref name="Ramsar">{{Cite web|title=Seekoeivlei Nature Reserve|website=[[Ramsar Convention|Ramsar]] Sites Information Service|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/888|accessdate=25 April 2018}}</ref>}} }} '''Ebe Nchekwa Ọdịdị Seekoeivlei''' bụ ala mmiri sara mbara nke dị ihe dị ka kilomita 30 (ma ọ bụ hekta 4,754) nso obodo Memel na Free State, South Africa. A kpọrọ mpaghara a ebe Ramsar na 1999. Ọ pụrụ iche maka ebe obibi ihe karịrị ụdị nnụnụ 250, obodo Memel abụrụla ebe a ma ama maka ndị na-anụ nnụnụ, nke nwere akpụkpọ nnụnụ na ebe a na-eme nri ehihie. Ọ bụkwa ebe obibi nke ụfọdụ hippopotamus, "seekoei" bụ nsụgharị Afrikaans, yana zebra. Ọ dị ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ mita 2000 n'elu oke osimiri nso ebe a na-eme njem Drakensberg na nso ebe Free State, Mpumalanga, na KwaZulu-Natal na-ezukọ. Akụkụ abụọ nke Sneeuwberg Protected Environment jikọtara ya na ókèala ya dị n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Protected Areas Register (PAR)|url=https://dffeportal.environment.gov.za/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7e27f116dd194c1f9d446dacc76fe483|work=[[Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment]]|accessdate=2026-07-05|archivedate=2022-03-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308035432/https://dffeportal.environment.gov.za/portal/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=7e27f116dd194c1f9d446dacc76fe483}}</ref> == Ala Mmiri == N'ebe ugwu Memel, Pampoenspruit zutere Osimiri Klip, otu mmiri nke Osimiri Tugela, n'ime apịtị dị kilomita 25 nke nwere ọtụtụ apịtị, ọdọ mmiri, ala idei mmiri, ọdọ mmiri, na ala ahịhịa ndị na-ejupụtakarị n'oge mmiri ozuzo. Ọ bụ ala mmiri kachasị ukwuu n'ime obodo na Highveld . <ref name="ramsar">{{Cite web|url=http://ramweb-uat.neox24.ch/about/the-ramsar-convention-and-its-mission|title=The Ramsar Convention and its Mission|accessdate=11 October 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409053942/http://ramweb-uat.neox24.ch/about/the-ramsar-convention-and-its-mission|archivedate=9 April 2016}}</ref> == Flora na anụmanụ == Enwere ike ịchọta ọtụtụ nnụnụ ndị dị ụkọ na ndị nọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ebe ahụ. Nnụnụ ndị a bụ ndị a na-ahụkarị n'ebe ahụ: * Obere ihe ilu * Nnụnụ a na-akpọ stork * Ọdụdụ na-acha ọcha * Crane na-acha anụnụ anụnụ * Hedgehog * Heron * Stork * Ibis * Egret ehi * Onye na-akpa ihe mkpuchi nke ndịda * Ụgbala a na-ahụkarị * Akpụkpọ anụ nwere isi awọ * Crane a tụfuru atụfu * Basra reed warbler * Akpụkpọ anụ Rudd * Ụgbụgbọ mmiri Botha O yikarịrị ka n'ihi okpomọkụ oyi na ịdị elu a, a naghị ahụ agwọ ebe a. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} deh5wf1q5bvxfu2zrhnel46upbh6ddk 0 77889 688402 687750 2026-07-18T06:57:05Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688402 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Frederico de hesse.JPG|thumb|Prince Friedrich nke Hesse na Rhine]]   '''Prince Friedrich nke Hesse na Rhine (Friedrich Wilhelm August Victor Leopold Ludwig; 7 Ọktoba 1870 – 29 Mee 1873) bụ nwa nwoke Louis IV, bụ́ Grand Duke nke Hesse, na Princess Alice nke United Kingdom, ọ bụkwa nwa nwa Queen Victoria. Ọ bụ nwanne nne nne''' [[Philip Mountbatten|Prince Philip, Duke nke Edinburgh]], site na nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye, Princess Victoria nke Hesse na Rhine. == Ndụ == A mụrụ Friedrich na 7 Ọktoba, 1870 na New Palace na Darmstadt. Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ na nwa nke ise nke Louis nke anọ, Grand Duke nke Hesse na Princess Alice nke United Kingdom, mgbe ahụ Prince na Princess Louis nke Hesse nakwa site na Rhine. Friedrich bụ nwa nwa nke Queen Victoria na Prince Albert nke Saxe-Coburg na Gotha . [1][2] Friedrich, onye ezinụlọ ya kpọrọ Frittie, bụ nwa nwere obi ụtọ na ndụ, nne ya hụkwara ya n'anya karịsịa. Aha ya bụ Friedrich Wilhelm August Victor Leopold Ludwig, tinyere nsọpụrụ dịka nne nne ya na nna ya. A tinyere Leopold dịka otu n'ime aha ya iji sọpụrụ nwanne nna ya, Prince Leopold, Duke nke Albany. Prince Leopold, onye bụ nna nna Friedrich, nwere nsogbu ọbara nke hemophilia. Ụmụnne ya gụnyere [[Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine|Victoria]]_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine" id="mwJA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine">Viktoria, Elisabeth, Irene, Ernst Ludwig, [[Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)|Alix]]_of_Hesse)" id="mwKA" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)">Alix na Marie nke Hesse na Rhine. Site na nwanne ya nwanyị nke okenye Victoria, Friedrich bụ nwanne nna nne nke Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh na site na nwanne ya nwoke nke obere Alix, ọ bụ nwanne nna nke ụmụ nwanyị anọ ikpeazụ Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia na Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich nke Russia.[3] A chọpụtara na Friedrich nwere hemophilia na Febụwarị 1873. Ọ dara mgbe ọ na-egwuri egwu ma bepụ ntị ya, nke dugara n'ịgba ọbara ụbọchị atọ. Bandages enweghị ike igbochi ọbara na-aga, nchọpụta ahụ bịara n'oge na-adịghị anya. Nna ya na nna ya, Prince Leopold, nwekwara haemophilia. == Ọnwụ == Na 29 Mee 1873, Friedrich na nwanne ya nwoke nke tọrọ ya, Ernst, nọ na-egwuri egwu ọnụ n'ime ụlọ nne ha. Ernst gbara ọsọ gaa n'ime ụlọ ọzọ, nke dị n'akụkụ aka nri gaa n'ime ụlọ Alice wee lepụ anya na windo lee nwanne ya nwoke nke obere anya. Alice gbara ọsọ ka Ernst pụọ na windo. Mgbe ọ si n'ime ụlọ ahụ pụta, Friedrich rịgoro n'oche dị n'akụkụ windo mepere emepe n'ime ụlọ nne ya iji lekwasị anya nke ọma na nwanne ya nwoke. Oche ahụ dara ada, Friedrich wee si na windo daa, daa ụkwụ iri abụọ (mita isii na otu) n'elu balustrade dị n'okpuru. Ọ lanarịrị ọdịda ahụ, ọ gaara adị ndụ ma a sị na ọ nweghị haemophilia. Ọ nwụrụ awa ole na ole ka e mesịrị n'ihi ọbara ọgbụgba n'ụbụrụ. == Ihe si na ya pụta == Mgbe ọnwụ Friedrich gasịrị, nne ya nwere nkụda mmụọ na-ekpe ekpere n'ili ya ma na-eme ememe ncheta nke obere ihe omume na ndụ ya. Nwanne ya nwoke, Ernst, gwara nne ya na ọ chọrọ ka ezinụlọ ahụ niile nwụọ ọnụ, ọ bụghị naanị ya "dị ka Frittie". Abụọ n'ime ụmụnne nwanyị Friedrich, Irene na Alix, nwekwara ụmụ nwoke na-arịa haemophilia. Nwa Irene, Prince Henry nke Prussia (amụrụ na 1900), nwụkwara n'ihi nsogbu sitere na ọdịda metụtara haemophilia, mgbe ọ dị afọ anọ. == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Edensibịa == * {{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/bookofkingsroyal01mcna|title=The Book of Kings: A Royal Genealogy|author=McNaughton|first=Arnold|date=1973|publisher=[New York]: Quadrangle/New York Times Book Co.|isbn=978-0-8129-0280-8}} * {{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/elizabethgranddu0000mage|title=Elizabeth, Grand Duchess of Russia|author=Mager|first=Hugo|date=1998|publisher=New York: Carroll & Graf|isbn=978-0-7867-0509-2}} * {{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/princessaliceque0000noel|title=Princess Alice: Queen Victoria's forgotten daughter|author=Noel|first=Gerard|date=1985|publisher=London: Constable|isbn=978-0-09-465980-3}} == Njikọ mpụga == {{Commons category|Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine}} * {{IMDb name|12567649|Prince Friedrich of Hesse and by Rhine}} k7fn7okojfer5bfto8sdn49phiuov92 0 77959 688401 688094 2026-07-18T06:52:48Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688401 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Official portrait of Lord Low of Dalston crop 2.jpg|thumb|Colin Low, Baron Low nke Dalston ]]  The '''Colin Mackenzie Low, Baron Low nke Dalston''', CBE (A mụrụ ya na ụbọchị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Septemba 1942) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain, ọkà mmụta iwu na onye ruburu na House of Lords. A mụrụ Low na Edinburgh ma ọ [[Enweghị ike ịhụ ụzọ|kpuru ìsì]] kemgbe afọ atọ ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ebe anakpọ ugbua New College Worcester, na The Queen's College, Oxford (BA) na Mahadum Cambridge (Diploma in Criminology). Low bụ onye nkuzi na ngalaba iwu na Mahadum Leeds site na 1968 ruo 1984 ma nwee kwaa ọkwa nyocha na Mahadum City London ruo 2000. Ọ na esote onye isi oche na RNIB na onye onyeisi oche gara aga. Ọ bụkwa onye isi oche nke [[European Blind Union]] <ref>{{Cite web|title=Home {{!}} European Blind Union|url=http://www.euroblind.org|accessdate=2025-10-04|work=www.euroblind.org}}</ref> (EBU) ruo afọ asatọ site na 2003. Ọ bụ onye otu Snowdon Trust, nke Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, guzobere, nke na-enye onyinye na agụmakwụkwọ maka ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere nsogbu na-arụ.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Our board|url=https://www.snowdontrust.org/about-us/our-board/|work=The Snowdon Trust|accessdate=27 January 2017|archivedate=1 March 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130301060308/https://www.snowdontrust.org/about-us/our-board/}}</ref> Low bụ Onye isi oche nọcharụ na International Council for Education maka ndị nwere nsogbu anya .<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://icevi.org/index.htm|work=ICEVI|accessdate=3 February 2018|title=ICEVI - International Council for Education of People with Visual Impairment|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204000546/http://icevi.org/index.htm|archivedate=4 February 2018}}</ref> E nyere Low ka ọ bụrụ Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) n'afọ 2000 New Year Honours maka ọrụ RNIB na ikike ndị nwere nkwarụ. N'abalị iri na atọ n'ọnwa Juun afọ 2006, e kere ya ka ọ bụrụ onye ọgbọ dị ka '''Baron Low nke Dalston''', nke Dalston na London Borough nke Hackney ma ọ nọruru ala dị ka crossbencher. N'afọ 2014, e nyere ya onyinye Liberty Human Rights 'Campaign of the Year Award'. Nkwupta ahụ na-agụ, sị: "maka ịrụzi mkpuchi ahụ iji hụ na nchebe nke Iwu Ihe Ndịa Ruuru Mmadụ ga-emetụta nlekọta obibi niile nke ndị ọchịchị obodo nyere ma ọ bụ hazie. Mmeri ya manyere Gọọmentị ịma mkpa ọ dị ịkwado nchebe ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ site n'igosi etu ikike ndị ahụ si dị mkpa maka mmadụ ncha. "E nyere Lord Low onyinye ahụ na mmemme Human Rights Awards kwa afọ na Queen Elizabeth Hall, London, na 1 Disemba 2014.{{Reflist}} [[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]] p8bw3keu98ur3d0l0x5473tsmnnkhqw 0 77979 688371 688245 2026-07-17T21:41:32Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Riza Khudabanda Mirza (detail), second son of Shah Abbas I. Mughal style, by or after Bishn Das, 1605-1627.jpg|thumb|Soltan Mohammad Mirza]]   '''Soltan Mohammad Mirza''' (Persian: سلطان محمد میرزا), also known as '''Ruzak Mirza''' or '''Reza Khodabandeh Mirza''' (18 Maachị 1597/98, Qazvin – Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1632, Alamut, Qazvin).[1] After his grandfather, was the third known son of Safavid Shah Abbas the Great (r. 1588-1629).[2] A mụrụ ya n'afọ 1597 ma ọ bụ afọ 1598 ma kpuo ya isi na 1620-21 na iwu nna ya. [1] [3] N'afọ 1620, Shah Abbas dara ọrịa [[Ahụ Ọkụ|ahụ ọkụ]] nke gbawara n'obí ya na Farahabad Complex dị n' Oké Osimiri Caspian. Ụfọdụ n'ime ndị na-ejere ya ozi na ọtụtụ ndị obodo ahụ nwụrụ, ruo oge ụfọdụ, o yiri ka ndụ shah n'ọkwa n'ihe ize ndụ.[4] N'oge ihe omume a, Khodabandeh Mirza, onye lanarịrị chere na Abbas ga-anwụ ma kwadebe maka ịbanye n'ocheeze site na nkwado nke ndị ọchịagha Qizilbash. Otú ọ dị, Shah gbakere ma taa nwa ya ahụhụ site n'ikpu ya ìsì.[5] Mana ndị na-akwado nwa eze ahụ kpebisiri ike itinye ya n'ocheeze. Atụmatụ ahụ bụ ịtọrọ nwa eze ahụ n'obí eze ma kwupụta na ọ bụ Shah n'èzí. Agbanyeghị, a chọpụtara atụmatụ ahụ ma nye ndị niile sonyere ntaramahụhụ. E jidere nwa eze ahụ n'onwe ya ma tụọ ya mkpọrọ na Alamut ma gbuo ya n'oge ọchịchị Safi.[6] == Okwu si na ya pụta == O nwere nwa nwanyị aha ya bụ Gawhar Shad Begum, ọ lụrụ Mirza Qazi, Shaykh al-Islām nke Isfahan.{{R|name=Babayan2002_400|reference={{harvp|Babayan|2002|pp=[https://books.google.ca/books?id=WLoUePLTdfgC&pg=PA401 400-1]}}.}} == Hụkwa == * Mohammad Baqer Mirza * Mohammad Khodabanda == Edensibịa == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist}} == Ebe e si nweta ya == * {{Cite book|author=Canby|first=Sheila R.|authorlink=Sheila R. Canby|title=Shah ʻAbbas: The Remaking of Iran|publisher=British Museum Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-7141-2452-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Co4lAQAAMAAJ}} *   * {{Cite book|author=Blow|first=David|title=Shah Abbas: The Ruthless King Who Became an Iranian Legend|url=https://books.google.ge/books/about/Shah_Abbas.html?id=xIkMAQAAMAAJ&source=kp_book_description&redir_esc=y|year=2009|publisher=Bloomsbury Academic}} * {{Cite book|author=Savory|first=Roger M.|title=Iran under the Safavids|url=https://archive.org/details/savory-1980-safavids/mode/1up|year=1980|publisher=Cambridge University Press.|isbn=9780521042512}} * {{Cite book|author=Nahavandi|first=Houchang|date=1998|title=Shah Abbas, Empereur de Perse: 1587–1629|publisher=Perrin|location=[[Paris]]|isbn=9782262011314|language=fr}} == Njikọ mpụga == <templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles> jvxx4v72szg4soy054eqs072a29vmrm 0 77980 688412 688246 2026-07-18T09:55:32Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Faịlụ:Simon I Gurieli, Prince of Guria by Castelli.jpg|thumb|Simon nke Mbu Gurieli ]]  <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />'''Simon I Gurieli''' (Georgian: სიმონ I გურიელი, 1606 – c. 1672), of the House of Gurieli, was Prince of Guria in 1625. He acceded to power in Guria, a small principality in southwest Georgia, after having murdered his father, Mamia II Gurieli, and was dethroned and blinded by his brother-in-law Levan II Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia. Simon thereafter became a monk and retired to [[Jerusalem]]. == Ọchịchị == Simon bụ nwa woke Mamia nke Abụọ na Gurieli, bụ́ Onye Isi Guria, site na nwunye ya Tinatin Jaqeli. N'afọ 1625, Simon gburu nna ya mgbe ọ na-ehi ụra ma weghara ocheeze Guria. Ọ chọrọ mgbapụta site n'inye onyinye na Ebe obibi ndị mọnk Achi.<ref name="dx">{{Cite book|author=Khakhutaishvili|first=Davit|date=2009|publisher=Shota Rustaveli State University|location=Batumi|isbn=978-9941-409-60-8|language=ka|chapter=ნარკვევები გურიის სამთავროს ისტორიიდან (XV-XVIII სს.)|pages=45–46}}</ref> Mgbe ọ nọ n'ọchịchị, Simon na Levan nke Abụọ na Dadiani nke Mingrelia, onye nwanne ya nwanyị bụ Mariam ọ lụrụ n'afọ 1621, nwere esemokwu. Ọchịchọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Dadiani na mgbasawanye ala bụ ihe na-echegbu ndị Gurieli. Simon tọhapụrụ onye na-eme ihere nke Levan Dadiani bụ Paata "Tsutski" Tsulukidze, onye Dadiani nyere Mamia Gurieli maka nlekọta. Tsulukidze na Gurieli kpaara nkata igbu Levan, mana Dadiani lanarịrị ogbugbu mmadụ Abkhaz ha ma mee ka a kụgbuo Tsulukidze ma kewaa ya, na-agbapụ ihe fọdụrụnụ site na egbe. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, o jiri ogbugbu nna Simon mere dị ka casus belli wee wakpoo Guria. Simon guzogidere, mana e meriri ya na Lanchkhuti ma dọrọ ya n'agha. Dadiani kpuru ya ìsì ma jiri onye ahịa ya, Kaikhosro I Gurieli dochie ya. A kpọgara nwunye Simon na nwa ya nwoke na Mingrelia.<ref name="dx">{{Cite book|author=Khakhutaishvili|first=Davit|date=2009|publisher=Shota Rustaveli State University|location=Batumi|isbn=978-9941-409-60-8|language=ka|chapter=ნარკვევები გურიის სამთავროს ისტორიიდან (XV-XVIII სს.)|pages=45–46}}</ref><ref name="rayfield">{{Cite book|author=Rayfield|first=Donald|authorlink=Donald Rayfield|title=Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia|year=2012|publisher=Reaktion Books|location=London|isbn=978-1780230306|pages=194–195}}</ref> == Ịla ezumike nká == Ebe ọ bụ na ọ tụfuru ocheeze ya, anya ya, na ezinụlọ ya, Simon, onye a tọhapụrụ n'agbụ, lara ezumike nká na Jerusalem wee ghọọ onye mọnk n'ebe ahụ. Ọ nọgidere na-akpọtụrụ nwunye mbụ ya, onye gara n'ihu bụrụ eze nwanyị nke Kartli dị ka nwunye nke ndị eze abụọ na-esote, Rostom na Shah-Nawaz.<ref name="dx">{{Cite book|author=Khakhutaishvili|first=Davit|date=2009|publisher=Shota Rustaveli State University|location=Batumi|isbn=978-9941-409-60-8|language=ka|chapter=ნარკვევები გურიის სამთავროს ისტორიიდან (XV-XVIII სს.)|pages=45–46}}</ref> Simon ka dị ndụ ma biri na Georgia n'afọ 1672, mgbe onye France bụ Jean Chardin na-eme njem na Caucasus. Dị ka Chardin si kwuo, Mariam nabatara onye bubu di ya mbụ, bụ onye nwere ahụmahụ na nke na-adịghị ike n'ókè ya na Imereti ma nye ya ụzọ ụfọdụ iji dịrị ndụ. Eze Shah-Nawaz nwere ekworo mana Mariam ji ọchị wepụ nchegbu ya, na-ajụ "Ma ihere ọ̀ naghị eme ya inwe anyaụfụ n'ebe onye ogbenye, agadi, kpuru ìsì, ma dịkwa mwute, onye na-enweghịkwa ike ọ bụla n'ebe ya onwe ya nọ."<ref>{{Cite book|author=Chardin|first=John, Sir|title=The travels of Sir John Chardin into Persia and the East-Indies, Vol. 1|date=1686|publisher=University of Oxford Text Archive|url=http://tei.it.ox.ac.uk/tcp/Texts-HTML/free/A31/A31753.html|accessdate=14 April 2017}}</ref> == Ezinụlọ == Simon Gurieli nwere ụmụ nwoke abụọ a ma ama: <ref name="DRRI">{{Cite book|author=Grebelsky|first=P. Kh.|date=1993|publisher=Vesti|language=ru|pages=37–38}}</ref> * Demetrius Gurieli (nwụrụ na 1664/1668), Prince of Guria (1659-1664), Eze Imereti (1663-1664); * Otia (nwụrụ n'afọ 1645), onye sooro nne ya Mariam na Kartli wee nwụọ n'ebe ahụ. == Edensibịa == {{Reflist}} == Akwụkwọ == * {{Cite book|author=Toumanoff|first=Cyril|authorlink=Cyril Toumanoff|title=Manuel de Généalogie et de Chronologie pour l'histoire de la Caucasie chrétienne (Arménie, Géorgie, Albanie)|publisher=Edizioni Aquila|year=1976|location=Rome|language=French}} {{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Gurieli]]}} {{s-reg}} {{s-bef|before=[[Mamia II Gurieli]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Prince of Guria]]|years=1625–1626}} {{s-aft|after=[[Kaikhosro I Gurieli]]}} {{s-end}} nktw1baddibatz4ss7o2slpz9n1uk4u 0 77984 688372 688304 2026-07-17T22:06:04Z NiferO 20385 Added an image 688372 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>   [[Faịlụ:William, Count of Sully.jpg|thumb|William, Onyenwe Sully]] '''William the Simple''' (c. 1085 – c. 1150) was Count of Blois and Count of Chartres from 1102 to 1107, and jure uxoris Lord of Sully. == Akụkọ ndụ == William bụ nwa mbụ nke Stephen, Count of Blois na Adela nke Normandy, [1] nwa nwanyị nke William the Conqueror. William bụ nwanne nwoke nke Theobald nke Abụọ, Count of Champagne; Stephen, Eze nke England; na Henry, Bishọp nke Winchester. N'enweghị nwa nwoke nye Henry nke Mbụ nke England, William bụ nwa nwa William onye mmeri. Ya mere, ọ ga-abụ onye isi na-asọ mpi nwa nwanyị Henry bụ Matilda iji keta ocheeze mgbe ọnwụ Henry gasịrị. Otú ọ dị, a naghị ele William anya dị ka onye na-achọ okpueze England. Ọtụtụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme ewerela echiche na e leghaara ya n'ihi ụkọ uche;[a] ya mere soubriquet ya "William the Simple". Ọ bụ ezie na arụmụka zuru oke, ọ dịtụbeghị mgbe a kwadoro nke a n'ụzọ doro anya. A haziri William na mbụ ka o keta ocheeze ndị Blois na Chartres, a kpọkwara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye a ga-agụ obere oge tupu nna ya apụọ n'agha agha nke abụọ ya na 1102 [3] N'oge esemokwu nne ya na isi katidral Chartres (1102-1104), William gbawara na katidral ahụ na-achọ ka ndị obodo Chartres ṅụọ iyi igbu ndị ụkọchukwu, kpagbuo Ivo nke Chartres, ma chekwaa ala ndị bishọp. [4] N'oge na-adịghị anya, nne ya chụpụrụ William n'ọrụ dị iche iche nke ndị otu ya, mgbe nwa ya nwoke nke abụọ bụ Theobald toruru ogo, ihe dị ka afọ 1107, Adela buliri ya elu n'ọkwa nke Count of Blois-Chartres.[4] William lara ezumike nká n'ala nwunye ya na Sully. N'agbanyeghị mwepụ ya n'ọrụ comital, ọ kwadoro ọchịchọ ezinụlọ nwanne ya nwoke Theobald.[5] == Alụmdi na nwunye == Na 13 Nọvemba 1104, William lụrụ Agnes nke Sully, onye nketa nke ịbụ onye nwe Sully-sur-Loire, nke nne ya, Adela, họpụtara dị ka nwunye ya.[6][7][5]<templatestyles src="Module:Side box/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Sister project/styles.css"></templatestyles>{{Commons category|William, Lord of Sully}}Ụmụ Agnes na William: * Eudes Archambaud[8] * Ranier (Rodolphus), Prior nke La Charité-sur-Loire, Abbot nke Cluny [8] * Margaret (ihe dị ka -1145) Ọ lụrụ Henry I, Count of Eu, n'ihe dị ka 1122.[9] * Henry, Abbot nke Fécamp, Bishọp a họpụtara nke Salisbury, na Achịbishọp nke York [10] * Elizabeth (nwụrụ n'afọ 1128), Abbess nke Holy-Trinity [8] == Ihe edeturu == <templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />  == Ihe odide == == Ebe e si nweta ya == * {{Cite book|author=Crouch|first=David|title=The Reign of King Stephen; 1135–1154|publisher=Harlow:Pearson Education Lmt|year=2000}} * {{Cite book|first=R.H.C.|author=Davis|title=King Stephen|publisher=Longman Group UK|year=1990}} * {{Cite book|first=Theodore|author=Evergates|title=The Aristocracy in the County of Champagne, 1100-1300|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=2007}} * {{Cite book|chapter=Adela of Blois: Familial Alliances and Female Lordship|first=Kimberly A.|author=LoPrete|title=Aristocratic Women in Medieval France|editor=Evergates|publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press|year=1990a}} * {{Cite journal|title=The Anglo-Norman Card of Adela of Blois|first=Kimberly A.|author=LoPrete|journal=Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies|volume=22, No. 4 (Winter)|year=1990b|issue=4|pages=569–589|doi=10.2307/4051390}} * {{Cite book|title=Adela of Blois: countess and lord (c.1067-1137)|first=Kimberly A.|author=LoPrete|publisher=Four Courts Press|year=2007}} * {{Cite book|title=Le haut livre du Graal: Commentary and notes|first=William Albert|author=Nitze|publisher=Phaeton Press|year=1972}} {{s-start}} {{s-hou|[[House of Blois]]||c. 1085||c. 1150}} {{s-bef|before=[[Stephen, Count of Blois]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Counts of Blois|Count of Blois]] and [[Count of Chartres|Chartres]]|years=1102–1107}} {{s-aft|after=[[Theobald II, Count of Champagne|Theobald IV]]}} {{s-bef|before=[[Gilles II of Sully]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Lord of Sully]]|years=}} {{s-aft|after=[[Eudes Archambaud]]}} {{s-end}} b55hhri64y8y11nkj8ayoo1u3jwbtwh 3 77994 688358 2026-07-17T18:00:20Z DolphybBot 61063 Nabata onye ohuru na Igbo Wikipedia! (bot) 688358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nnọọ|username=Redaktor GLAM|bot=[[Ojiarụ:DolphybBot|DolphybBot]] ([[Ńkàtá ojiarụ:DolphybBot|ṅkátá]]) 18:00, 17 Julaị 2026 (UTC)}} autr3vmcw5gpak381vcf9bzclewq1p1 0 77995 688374 2026-07-17T22:30:03Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Translated this article from English 688374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}} {{Infobox officeholder | honorific_prefix = [[The Right Honourable]] | name = The Lord Shinkwin | image_upright = | image = <!--If this is specified, "image" should not be.--> | alt = | caption = | order = | office1 = [[List of current members of the House of Lords#Lords Temporal|Member of the House of Lords]] | status1 = [[Lord Temporal]] | term_label1 = [[Life peer]]age | term_start1 = 14 October 2015 <!-- Personal --> | birth_name = Kevin Joseph Maximilian Shinkwin | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=y|1971|6|7}} | birth_place = | death_date = <!-- {{Death date and age|df=y|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | death_place = | citizenship = | party = [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]] | other_party = <!--For additional political affiliations--> | height = <!-- "X cm", "X m" or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) --> | partner = <!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--> | relations = | children = | parents = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters --> | relatives = | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = | known_for = | salary = | net_worth = <!-- Net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source --> | cabinet = | committees = | portfolio = | awards = }} '''Kevin Joseph Maximilian Shinkwin, Baron Shinkwin''' (amụrụ na 7 Juun 1971) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Conservative Party (UK)|British Conservative]] na onye otu [[House of Lords]]. ==Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ya== Shinkwin gụrụ akwụkwọ na [[Ratcliffe College]] ebe nna ya bụ onye nkuzi physics. Ratcliffe bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ Katọlik [[ụlọ akwụkwọ nkeonwe na United Kingdom|nkeonwe]] dị na [[Ratcliffe on the Wreake]], Leicestershire. Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ Llanarth Court School nke bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ ọha na eze na Raglan, Gwent ruo afọ ole na ole. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na iwu na mba Briten na [[Mahadum Hull]], wee nweta akara ugo mmụta Bachelor of Arts (BA) na 1993.<ref name="WW 2017">'SHINKWIN', ''[[Who's Who 2017]]'', A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc, 2017; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2016; online edn, Nov 2016 [http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U284935 accessed 16 Oct 2017]</ref> ==Ọrụ== Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri abụọ na ngalaba afọ ofufo, na-eje ozi n'ọtụtụ ọrụ ọha na eze, gụnyere na [[RNID]], [[Macmillan Cancer Support|Macmillan]], [[Cancer Research UK]], na [[The Royal British Legion]], ebe o duuru mkpọsa ndị gara nke ọma na Nkwekọrịta Ndị Agha<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/armed-forces-covenant-recognised-in-law-for-first-time|title=Armed Forces Covenant recognised in law for first time – Announcements|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|access-date=23 April 2016}}</ref> na inweta mgbanwe na ọrụ ndị na-ahụ maka ozu maka ezinụlọ ndị agha nwụrụ anwụ.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.engagingnetworks.net/sites/default/files/documents/13study_-_rbl_02.pdf |title=Case study: Royal British Legion – "Leave it out Ken" |access-date=23 April 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509173300/https://www.engagingnetworks.net/sites/default/files/documents/13study_-_rbl_02.pdf |archivedate=9 May 2016 }}</ref> Ozugbo ọ banyere n'ime ndị isi, ọ bụ onye isi nke ihe gbasara ọha na eze na mkpọsa maka [[Mmanya na Azụmaahịa Spirit]], ọkwa ọ gbara arụkwaghịm mgbe ahọpụtachara ya iji zere esemokwu mmasị. Na 21 Eprel 2017, a họpụtara ya dị ka kọmishọna nke [[Ịha nhata na ikike mmadụ]].<ref>{{cite web|title=New Commissioner for the Equality and Human Rights Commission|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-commissioner-for-the-equality-and-human-rights-commission|accessdate=22 April 2017}}</ref> Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa a na Disemba 2017.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://humanism.org.uk/2017/12/13/anti-abortion-activist-resigns-as-equality-and-human-rights-commissioner/ |title=Anti-abortion activist resigns as Equality and Human Rights Commissioner |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=13 December 2017 |website=Humanists UK |access-date=14 December 2017 }}</ref> ===Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị=== E mere ya ka ọ bụrụ [[onye ọgbọ ndụ]] na-ewere aha '''Baron Shinkwin''', nke [[Balham]] na [[London Borough nke Wandsworth]] na 14 Ọktoba 2015.<ref>{{London Gazette | issue = 61385 | date = 20 October 2015 |page=19670}}</ref> A kpọbatara ya na [[Ụlọ Ndị Isi]] na 17 Nọvemba 2015.<ref>{{cite hansard |title= Introduction: Lord Shinkwin |url= https://hansard.parliament.uk/Lords/2015-11-17/debates/15111757000026/IntroductionLordShinkwin |house= House of Lords |date= 17 November 2015 }}</ref> Ọ nọdụrụ ala dịka [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Dissolution Peerages 2015|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/dissolution-peerages-2015|publisher=Government of the United Kingdom|accessdate=27 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=House of Lords: Outcry as donors, fixers and MPs caught up in expenses scandal are handed peerages|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/house-of-lords-outcry-as-donors-fixers-and-mps-caught-up-in-expenses-scandal-are-ennobled-10475640.html|website=[[The Independent]]|accessdate=28 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="bio parliament">{{cite web|title=Members of the House of Lords: Lord Shinkwin|url=https://www.parliament.uk/biographies/lords/lord-shinkwin/4557|publisher=Parliament of the United Kingdom|accessdate=16 October 2017}}</ref> Kemgbe ọ ghọrọ onye ọgbọ, ọ na-elekwasị anya n'ọchịchị ọrụ ebere na okwu nha anya maka ndị nwere nkwarụ. N'arụmụka ya na Machị 2017, ọ kọwara iwu mmebi ime nke Britain dị ka "ikikere igbu mmadụ maka mpụ nke ịbụ onye nwere nkwarụ".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/03/10/tory-peer-lord-shinkwin-warns-britains-abortion-laws-licence/|title = Tory peer Lord Shinkwin warns Britain's abortion laws are a 'licence to kill disabled people'|newspaper = The Telegraph|date = 10 March 2017|last1 = Hughes|first1 = Laura}}</ref> ==Ndụ nkeonwe== A mụrụ ya na [[osteogenesis imperfecta]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Disability Must Stop Being Workplace D&I's Poor Relation, Says Disabled Conservative Peer |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gusalexiou/2021/03/30/disability-must-stop-being-workplace-dis-poor-relation-says-disabled-conservative-peer/ |website=[[Forbes]] |access-date=13 November 2023}}</ref> ==Ntụaka== {{reflist}} {{s-start}} {{s-prec|uk}} {{s-bef|before=[[Andrew Robathan|The Lord Robathan]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom|Gentlemen]]'''<br />''Baron Shinkwin'' '''}} {{s-fol|after=[[Baron Porter of Spalding|The Lord Porter of Spalding]]}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shinkwin, Kevin Shinkwin, Baron}} [[Category:Living people]] fnurambxhsmyhn36ak592wm63k0obwv 0 77996 688376 2026-07-17T22:44:26Z Vivian Amalachukwu 17172 Translated this article from English 688376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|Ọchịagha ndị agha Britain (1826–1907)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=February 2017}} {{Infobox military person | honorific_prefix = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] | name = Sir Archibald Alison | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB|Bt}} | image = Archibaldalison.jpg | caption = General Sir Archibald Alison | birth_date = {{birth date|df=y|1826|1|21}} | death_date = {{death date and age|df=y|1907|2|5|1826|1|21}} | burial_label = | burial_place = | birth_place = [[Edinburgh]] | death_place = [[London]] | burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} --> | nickname = | allegiance = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]] | branch = [[File:Flag of the British Army.svg|23px]] [[British Army]] | service_years = | rank = [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] | unit = | commands = [[Highland Brigade (Scottish)|Highland Brigade]]<br />[[Deputy Adjutant-General]] in Ireland (1874–1877)<br />[[Staff College]] (1878)<br />[[Directorate of Military Intelligence (United Kingdom)|Intelligence Department]] at the [[War Office]] (1878–1882)<br />British Troops in [[Egypt]]<br />[[Aldershot Command|Aldershot Division]]<br />Military Member of the [[Council of India]] (1889) | battles = [[Crimean War]]<br />[[Indian Rebellion of 1857|Indian Mutiny]]<br />[[Battle of Tel el-Kebir]]<br />[[Anglo-Ashanti wars]] | awards = [[Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]] | relations = | other_work = }} [[General (United Kingdom)|General]] '''Sir Archibald Alison, 2nd Baronet''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|GCB}} (21 Jenụwarị 1826 – 5 Febụwarị 1907) bụ onye agha Scotland nke nwetara ọkwa dị elu na [[Ndị Agha Britain]] n'afọ 1880. Ọ bụ onye sitere n'ezinụlọ Alison nke [[Francis Galton]] gosipụtara na ''[[Hereditary Genius]]'' (1869) dị ka ihe atụ nke amamihe ketara n'ọtụtụ ọgbọ.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=John Randal Baker|last1=Willmer|first1=E. N.|last2=Brunet|first2=P. C. J.|date=1985|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1985.0002|s2cid=72173610|doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Ọrụ agha== A mụrụ ya na 21 Jenụwarị 1826, na [[Edinburgh]], nwa [[Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet|Archibald Alison]], onye na-akwado na ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme, ma gụrụ akwụkwọ na [[Mahadum Glasgow]],<ref name=lh>[http://www.kingscollections.org/catalogues/lhcma/collection/a-e/al55-001 Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives]</ref> na [[Mahadum Edinburgh]] Alison [[Onye ọrụ ọkwa|e nyere ọrụ ọkwa]] n'ime [[Ndị otu ụkwụ nke 72]] na 1846.<ref name=odnb>[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/30380?docPos=3 Sir Archibald Alison at Oxford Dictionary of National Biography]</ref> Ọ gara n'ihu jee ozi na [[Mgbachi nke Sevastopol (1854–1855)|Mgbachi nke Sevastopol]] n'oge [[Agha Crimea]] na 1855.<ref name=odnb/> Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ agha nye Maazị [[Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde|Colin Campbell]] n'oge [[Nnupụisi India nke 1857|Nnupụisi India]] na 1857, na-efunahụ otu aka na [[enyemaka nke Lucknow]],<ref name="Plarr">{{cite book|last=Plarr|first=Victor|title=Men and women of the time: a dictionary of contemporaries|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924029787136/cu31924029787136_djvu.txt|year=1899|publisher=G. Routledge and sons limited|page=17}}</ref> a họpụtakwara ya [[Onye Mmekọ nke Order of the Bath]] (CB). A họpụtara ya dịka onye enyemaka Adjutant General n'ọfịs nke Inspector General nke Infantry na 1862, onye enyemaka Adjutant General maka Mpaghara Ndịda Ọdịda Anyanwụ na 1864 na Onye enyemaka Adjutant General na [[Aldershot Command|Aldershot]] na 1870.<ref name=lh/> Na 1873, e nyere Alison iwu nke ndị agha Britain na West Africa n'oge agha [[Anglo-Ashanti]] ma lụọ agha n'Amoaful.<ref name=odnb/> Ọ gara n'ihu bụrụ Osote Onyeisi Nnọchiteanya na [[Ireland]] na 1874, [[Commandant]] nke [[Staf College, Camberley|Staff College, Sandhurst]] na Febụwarị 1878 na Osote onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Quartermaster General, Intelligence na Mee 1878.<ref name=odnb/> Ọ bụ onyeisi [[Highland Brigade (Scottish)|Highland Brigade]] n'oge [[Agha nke Tel el-Kebir]] na Septemba 1882.<ref name=odnb/> N'ọgwụgwụ afọ 1882, a họpụtara ya [[Onyeisi Ọchịchị]] Ndị Agha Britain na [[Egypt]], na 1883 ọ ghọrọ GOC maka [[Aldershot Command|Aldershot District]].<ref name=odnb/> E nyere ya ọchịchị ọchịchị nke [[Essex Regiment]] na 1896, wee bụrụ onyeisi ndị agha nke [[Seaforth Highlanders]] na 1897, ọkwa ọ nọrọ ruo mgbe ọ nwụrụ.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/044Essex.htm |title=The Essex Regiment |publisher=regiments.org |access-date=14 March 2017 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051225191106/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/044Essex.htm |archive-date=25 December 2005 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/072Seaf.htm |title=Seaforth Highlanders (Ross-shire Buffs, The Duke of Albany's) |publisher=Regiments.org |access-date=15 May 2016 |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051229185548/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/inf/072Seaf.htm |archive-date=December 29, 2005 }}</ref> E buliri Alison elu n'ọkwa [[Knight Commander]] nke Order of the Bath (KCB) na 1874,<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=24082 |date=31 March 1874 |page=1921}}</ref> ma bulie ya elu gaa na [[Knight Grand Cross]] (GCB) na 1887.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=25712 |date=21 June 1887 |page=3362}}</ref> [[File:Grave of Sir Archibald Alison (1826-1907), Dean Cemetery.JPG|thumb|left|Ili nke Sir Archibald Alison (1826–1907), Dean Cemetery]] Ọ nwụrụ na 5 Febụwarị 1907 ma lie ya na [[Dean Cemetery]] dị na [[Edinburgh]].<ref name=odnb/> ==Ezinụlọ== N'afọ 1858, ọ lụrụ Jane Black. Ha mụrụ ụmụ nwoke abụọ na ụmụ nwanyị anọ.<ref name=odnb/> ==Ntụaka== {{Reflist}} {{s-start}} {{s-mil}} {{s-bef|before=[[Edward Bruce Hamley|Edward Hamley]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Staff College, Camberley|Commandant of the Staff College, Sandhurst]]|years=February–May 1878}} {{s-aft|after=[[Charles Creagh-Osborne]]}} |- {{s-bef|before=[[Daniel Lysons (British Army officer)|Sir Daniel Lysons]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Aldershot Command|GOC-in-C Aldershot Command]]|years=1883 – 1889}} {{s-aft|after=[[Evelyn Wood (British Army officer)|Sir Evelyn Wood]]}} {{s-reg|uk-bt}} {{s-bef|before=[[Sir Archibald Alison, 1st Baronet|Archibald Alison]]}} {{s-ttl|title=[[Alison baronets|Baronet]]<br />'''(of Possil House)''' | years=1867–1907}} {{s-aft|after=Archibald Alison}} {{s-end}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Alison, Archibald, 2nd Baronet}} 5aa08cbpdyxpp63f4tcofl67hwmst8z