Femi Adebayo

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    <title>Femi Adebayo</title>
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      <comment>Removing [[:c:File:Portrait_of_Adebayo.jpg|Portrait_of_Adebayo.jpg]], it has been deleted from Commons by [[:c:User:Krd|Krd]] because: No permission since 16 July 2026.</comment>
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[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
[[Usòrò:Portrait of Femi Adebayo 3.jpg|thumb|Femi Adebayo]]
'''Femi Adebayo Salami''' {{Audio|Yo-Femi Adebayo.ogg|audio}} (amụrụ 31 Disemba 1978) bụ onye ọka iwu Naijiria, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, onye isi, onye na-emepụta ihe ma onye ndụmọdụ pụrụ iche nye Gọvanọ nke Kwara State na Nka, Omenala na Njem ileghari anya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://m.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/107139/3/jelili-has-opened-doors-for-me-femi-adebayo.html|title=Nigeria HomePage – Breaking News, Business, Sports, Entertainment and Video News|work=thenigerianvoice.com|accessdate=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ nwa nwoke onye na-eme ihe nkiri, Adebayo Salami . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/e-punch/i-will-still-practise-law-femi-adebayo/|title=I will still practise law – Femi Adebayo|work=The Punch – Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper|accessdate=16 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215160743/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/e-punch/i-will-still-practise-law-femi-adebayo/|archivedate=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Femi Adebayo na 31 nke Disemba 1978 na [[Lagos]], ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Nigeria. Nna ya, onye bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria bụ Adebayo Salami (Oga Bello), si [[Ilorin]], [[Ȯra Kwara|Kwara State]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;punch-parents&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=My mum is stricter than dad – Oga Bello’s son|url=http://www.punchng.com/feature/famous-parents/my-mum-is-stricter-than-dad-oga-bellos-son/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215150655/http://www.punchng.com/feature/famous-parents/my-mum-is-stricter-than-dad-oga-bellos-son/|archivedate=15 February 2015|accessdate=16 February 2015|work=The Punch – Nigeria's Most Widely Read Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmagu akwụkwọ ==
Femi Adebayo gara ụlọ akwụkwọ C&amp;S maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndịrị ya. Ọ gara mahadum Ilorin, ebe ọ nwetara nzere bachelọ na iwu. O mechakwara nweta nzere masta na iwu na mahadum Ibadan . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://encomium.ng/separating-your-emotions-from-acting-is-based-on-professionalism-says-femi-adebayo-jelili/|title=Separating your emotions from acting is based on professionalism says Femi Adebayo (Jelili)|work=Encomium Magazine|accessdate=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nationaldailyng.com/trends/trend-tainment/519-nobody-promotes-culture-like-we-do-femi-adebayo|title=Nobody promotes culture like we do – Femi Adebayo|author=Our Reporter|work=nationaldailyng.com|accessdate=16 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150215161230/http://www.nationaldailyng.com/trends/trend-tainment/519-nobody-promotes-culture-like-we-do-femi-adebayo|archivedate=15 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
Femi Adebayo lụrụ Omotayo Adebayo na ubochi itoolu nke Ọktoba, 2016. Femi Adebayo na nwunye ya nwere otu nwa nwoke. Ọ mụtakwara ụmụ atọ n'alụmdi na nwunye mbụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Ayodele|first=Johnson|title=https://pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/femi-adebayo-and-wife-are-not-separated-according-to-a-video-id7555573.html|publisher=Pulse.ng|date=4 November 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Adebayo malitere ime ihe nkiri n'afọ 1985, n'otu afọ ahụ ọ pụtara na ihe nkiri nna ya mbụ akpọrọ ''Ogun Ajaye'' . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://leadership.ng/entertainment/391975/pass-baton-stars-taking-fathers-profession|title=Pass On The Baton: Stars Taking After Their Fathers’ Profession|author=Leadership Newspaper|date=27 November 2014|work=Nigerian News from Leadership News|accessdate=16 February 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828123345/http://leadership.ng/entertainment/391975/pass-baton-stars-taking-fathers-profession|archivedate=28 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adebayo emeela ihe nkiri n'ihe karịrị narị ise ihe nkiri Naijiria , wee nweta ihe nrite anọ dịka onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na 17th African Film Awards nke a maara dị ka Afro Hollywood award na Stratford Town Hall na [[London]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Actor appointed SA to Kwara State Governor|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/femi-adebayo-actor-appointed-sa-to-kwara-state-governor/873r946|date=2016-02-23|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-30|archivedate=2020-10-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013034029/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/femi-adebayo-actor-appointed-sa-to-kwara-state-governor/873r946/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetakwara ihe nrite n'otu ngalaba ahụ maka onyinye Best of Nollywood Broadcasting Organisation of Nigeria Awards na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/11/day-fan-kissed-presence-wife-femi-adebayo/|title=Day a fan kissed me in the presence of my wife – Femi Adebayo|work=Vanguard News|accessdate=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.naij.com/tag/femi_adebayo.html|title=News about Femi Adebayo – biography and photos.|work=NEWS.NAIJ.COM – Nigerian &amp; worldwide news.|accessdate=16 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Adebayo nwere ọtụtụ ndepụta ihe nkiri na-egosi ekele ya, nke gụnyere Sonto Alapata, Wura Ati Fadaka, Ma Wobadan na Buga, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ MD/CEO nke J-15 media network Nigeria. &lt;ref name=&quot;punch-parents&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
! Ihe nrite
! Udi
! Ihe nkiri
! Nsonaazụ
! Nsidee
|-
| 2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | City People Entertainment Awards
| Onye mmepụta ihe nkiri kacha mma nke afọ (Yoruba) 
|
|{{Won}}
|
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2017
| Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kachasị mma nke afọ (Yoruba) 
|
|{{Won}}
|
|-
| Best of Nollywood Award
| Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ ndu – Yoruba
| ''Afaila Ojo''
|{{Won}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2017-11-23|title=BON Awards 2017: Kannywood’s Ali Nuhu receives Special Recognition Award|url=https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award|accessdate=2021-10-07|work=Daily Trust|language=en|archivedate=2021-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211007214920/https://dailytrust.com/bon-awards-2017-kannywood-s-ali-nuhu-receives-special-recognition-award}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2018
| Africa Magic Viewers Choice Awards
| Ihe nkiri ụmụ amaala kacha mma (Yoruba)
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | ''Etiko Onigedu''
|{{Won}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-09-02|title=AMVCA 2018: Full list of winners|url=https://punchng.com/amvca-2018-full-list-of-winners/|accessdate=2021-06-13|work=Punch Newspapers|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; | Best of Nollywood Awards
| Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ ndu – Yoruba
|{{Won}}
| &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2018-12-10|title=BON Awards 2018: Tope Oshin, Tana Adelana win big|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/300174-bon-awards-2018-tope-oshin-tana-adelana-win-big.html|accessdate=2021-10-09|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | 2019
| Kiss kacha mma na ihe nkiri
| ''Diamond na mbara igwe''
|{{Nom}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bada|first=Gbenga|date=2019-12-15|title=BON Awards 2019: 'Gold Statue', Gabriel Afolayan win big at 11th edition|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/bon-awards-2019-gold-statue-gabriel-afolayan-win-big-at-11th-edition/4d0w2n4|accessdate=2021-10-10|work=Pulse Nigeria|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma n'ọrụ nkwado (Yoruba)
| ''Nlaghachi nke Kesari'' 
|{{Nom}}
|-
| 2020
| ''Lucifa''
|{{Won}}
| &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Augoye|first=Jayne|date=2020-12-07|title=BON Awards: Laura Fidel, Kunle Remi win Best Kiss (Full List of Winners)|url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/429916-bon-awards-laura-fidel-kunle-remi-win-best-kiss-full-list-of-winners.html|accessdate=2021-06-13|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Ihe nkiri ==

* ''Owo Blow'' (1995)
* ''Apaadi'' (2009)
* ''Aịtale'' (2013)
* ''[[October 1 (film)|Ọktoba 1]]'' (2014)
* ''Shola Arikusa'' (2017)
* ''Heaven on my Mind'' (2018)
* ''[[The Ghost and the Tout]]'' (2018)
* ''Mokalik'' (2019)
* ''Mama Drama'' (2020)
* ''[[Unroyal]]'' (2020)
* ''The Miracle Centre'' (2020)
* ''[[Charge and Bail]]'' (2021)
* ''Progressive Tailors'' (2021)
* ''[[Love Castle]]'' (2021)

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria

== Nsidee ==
  {{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Femi Adebayo on Twitter
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  <page>
    <title>Juliet Ibrahim</title>
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'''Juliet Ibrahim''' bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ameyawdebrah.com/photos-juliet-ibrahim-premieres-movie-number-1-fan-lagos/|title=Juliet Ibrahim Film Number 1 Fan Premieres|accessdate=25 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729181959/http://www.ameyawdebrah.com/photos-juliet-ibrahim-premieres-movie-number-1-fan-lagos/|archivedate=29 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://thenet.ng/2014/07/photos-ay-bryan-okwara-others-attend-juliet-ibrahims-movie-premiere-in-lagos/|title=Juliet Ibrahim film Premieres|publisher=thenet.ng|accessdate=25 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723105145/http://thenet.ng/2014/07/photos-ay-bryan-okwara-others-attend-juliet-ibrahims-movie-premiere-in-lagos/|archivedate=23 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; na onye na-agụ egwú &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.eonlinegh.com/new-video-juliet-ibrahim-feat-amon-sholala/|title=New Video: Juliet Ibrahim Feat. Amon – Sholala|work=EOnlineGH.Com|accessdate=5 August 2019|archivedate=29 November 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211129115236/https://www.eonlinegh.com/new-video-juliet-ibrahim-feat-amon-sholala/}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke ndị Lebanọn, o bụ onye Ghana na Liberia. O meriri ihe ''nturu ugo onye omere kacha mma na ihe'' nrite onye ndu na 2010 Ghana Movie Awards maka oru ya na ''4 Play'' . Akpọrọ ya aha &quot;Nwanyị Ọdịda Anyanwụ Afrịka Kachasị Mma&quot; dịka Magazin A-listers siri kwuo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2013/11/magazine-names-juliet-ibrahim-as-the-most-beautiful-woman-in-west-africa.html|title=Nigerian Magazine names Juliet Ibrahim the Most Beautiful West African Woman|date=12 November 2013|publisher=informationng.com|accessdate=25 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/11/06/ghanaian-actress-juliet-ibrahim-is-a-listers-magazines-most-beautiful-woman-in-west-africa/|title=Juliet Ibrahim is A Listers Magazine Most Beautiful Woman|date=6 November 2013|publisher=bellanaija.com|accessdate=25 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;


== Ndụ mbido ==
Juliet Ibrahim amụrụ nye nna Lebanon na nne bu onye Ghana -Liberia. Ọ bụ nwa mbụ ma nwee ụmụnne nwanyị abụọ gụnyere onye na-eme ihe nkiri Sonia Ibrahim, na nwanne. Juliet na ụmụnne ya nọrọ ogologo oge n'oge ha bụ nwata na [[Lebanon]] na [[Côte d'Ivoire|Ivory Coast]] n'ihi agha obodo.  O guru ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na Lebanon,  wee ga Ivory Coast maka akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya ebe o bi ya na ndị mụrụ ya. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Ghana Institute of Languages, ebe ọ gụrụ Bekee, French na Spanish. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ maka ire ahịa, mgbasa ozi na mmekọrịta ọhanaeze na Ghana Institute of Journalism . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Silverbird Cinemas Weekly Magazine|work=July 18 – July 24, 2014 edition (Page 13)|date=18 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.royalsignaturegh.com/www.julietibrahim.net/bio.php|title=Juliet Ibrahim Biography|publisher=royalsignaturegh.com|accessdate=26 July 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140726044103/http://www.royalsignaturegh.com/www.julietibrahim.net/bio.php|archivedate=26 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://buzzghana.com/juliet-ibrahim-biography-personal-profile/|title=Juliet Ibrahim Biography|date=9 May 2014|publisher=buzzghana.com|accessdate=26 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.informationng.com/2014/06/celebrity-bio-ghanaian-actress-juliet-ibrahims-biography.html|title=Juliet Ibrahim Biography|date=24 June 2014|publisher=informationng.com|accessdate=26 July 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ibrahim mere ihe ngosi izizi mbụ ya na ihe nkiri 2005 ''Crime to Christ nke na-'' egosi Majid Michel . Ihe nkiri Nollywood mbụ ya ''bụ Yankee Boys'' ma nwee atụmatụ na ihe nkiri karịrị 50 ka emechara. Na 2014 o wepụtara ihe nkiri mbụ ya bụ ''Number One Fan'', bụ ebe ọ gosiputara dị ka onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke onye ofufe ya na-achụso na fim ahụ. Ihe nkiri ya nke abụọ 'Shattered Romance' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://bunmiodunowo.com/juliet-ibrahims-shattered-romance-premieres-to-a-sold-out-audience-in-accrasee-pictures/|title=Welcome to Bunmio Dunowo|work=bunmiodunowo.com|accessdate=19 April 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508011811/http://bunmiodunowo.com/juliet-ibrahims-shattered-romance-premieres-to-a-sold-out-audience-in-accrasee-pictures/|archivedate=8 May 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke mere ka ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Naijiria na Ghana pụta, malitere n'etiti egwu na Accra, Ghana na 5 Disemba 2014. Usoro ihe onyonyo ọhụrụ ya; 'Every woman has a Story ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ nduzi na-agbasa na Terrestrial Tv na ihe ngosi eziokwu ọhụrụ ya, Onye enyemaka zuru oke, TPA ga-ekpughere n'oge adịghị anya. Ọ pụtakwara na ihe nkiri Twi, na ihe nkiri asụsụ Yoruba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://naijagists.com/life-after-marriage-mercy-aigbe-ft-juliet-ibrahim-in-new-yoruba-movie-photos/|work=NaijaGists|title=Ghanaian actress Juliet Ibrahim features in first Yoruba movie with Mercy Aigbe}}&lt;/ref&gt; nakwa na Ladan Aure, ihe nkiri asụsụ Hausa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/juliet-ibrahim-actress-stars-in-1st-hausa-movie-ladan-noma-id4705671.html |title=Actress stars in 1st Hausa movie &quot;Ladan Noma&quot; |accessdate=2021-11-29 |archivedate=2017-05-10 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510155940/http://pulse.ng/movies/juliet-ibrahim-actress-stars-in-1st-hausa-movie-ladan-noma-id4705671.html }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe ==
N'afọ 2020, Ibrahim lụrụ VJ Adams, onye na-egwu diski Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.legit.ng/1372709-actress-juliet-ibrahim-vj-adams-pose-bride-groom-photos-video.html|publisher=Legit.ng|title=Reactions as Juliet Ibrahim, VJ Adams share wedding themed photos on IG|date=7 October 2020|accessdate=2021-03-15|archivedate=2020-10-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024094347/https://www.legit.ng/1372709-actress-juliet-ibrahim-vj-adams-pose-bride-groom-photos-video.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==

*''Crime to Christ'' (2005)
*''In The Eyes of My Husband'' (2007)
*''Yankee Boys'' (2008)
*''Losing You'' (2008)
*''Royal Storm'' (2009)
*''Restore My Love'' (2009)
*''Naked Weapon'' (2009)
*''Dead End'' (2008)
*''Lost Desire'' (2008)
*''Bloodfight'' (2007)
*''Beautiful King'' (2009)
*''Tattoo Boys'' (2009)
*''Missing Child'' (2009)
*''Honor My Will'' (2008)
*''Cash Adventure'' (2008)
*''Hidden'' (2009)
*''Last Hope'' (DNA test) (2009)
*''Queen's Pride'' (2009)
*''Enemy of My Soul'' (2009)
*''Princess Rihanna '' (2010)
*''Millions'' (2010)
*''4play'' (2010)
*''Master of the Game'' (2011)
*''Battle of love'' (2011)
*''4play reloaded'' (2010)
*''Crazy Scandal'' (2010)
*''Beyond love'' (2010)
*''Marriage of sorrows'' (2009)
*''[[30 Days in Atlanta]]'' (2014)
*''Life after Marriage'' (2014)
*''Number One Fan'' (2014)
*''Shattered Romance'' (2015)
*''Teens Life'' (2015)
*''Anniversary'' (2015)
*''Black bride'' (2016)
*''Rough day'' (2015)
*''Perfect Crime'' (2017)
*''10 days in sun city'' (2016)
*''London Fever'' (2016)
*''Ladan Noma'' (2016)
*''[[Akpe: Return of the Beast]]'' (2019)

== Ihe nrite ==

* 2010: Achievement Award – City People Magazine, Accra
* 2010: Ghana Movie Personality of the Year – City People Magazine, [[Lagos]]
* 2010: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri kacha mma na ihe nkiri - Ghana Movie Awards
* 2014: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana kacha mma - City People Entertainment
* 2016: Onye na-eme ihe nkiri nke afọ - Starzzawards

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta ndị na-eme ihe nkiri Ghana

== Nsidee ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Official website
* [http://julietibrahimfoundation.org/ Juliet Ibrahim Foundation]
* {{IMDb name|3187558}}  
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'''Kirsten Miller''' (amụrụ na afo 1973) bụ onye edemede America na onye okike nke usoro akwụkwọ Kiki Strike . Akwụkwọ mbụ ya na usoro, ''Kiki Strike: Inside the Shadow City'', pụtara na afo 2006. Akwụkwọ ya nke abụọ na usoro, ''The Empress's Tomb'', pụtara na October afo 2007. Usoro a na-akọ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Kiki Strike, Ananka Fishbein na ndị enyi ha na [[New York City]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.schoollibraryjournal.com/blog/1790000379/post/790010879.html|author=Elizabeth Bird|title=Behind the Kiki: An Interview with Kirsten Miller}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2001, ọnụ ụlọ dị n'ihu nke ebe a na-elekọta ndị agadi Manhattan dara iji kpughee ọnụ ụlọ dị n'okpuru ala, na-enye Kirsten echiche maka akwụkwọ mbụ, nke edobere na tunnels na ọnụ ụlọ dị n'okpuru obodo ahụ. O kere Kiki Strike and the Irregulars (aha ya Sherlock Holmes ' Baker Street Irregulars ) iji nyochaa ụzọ nzuzo ndị a. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.teenreads.com/authors/au-miller-kirsten.asp|author=Teen Reads|title=Author Profile|accessdate=2022-03-16|archivedate=2017-03-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170303050951/http://www.teenreads.com/authors/au-miller-kirsten.asp}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akwụkwọ nke mbụ n’ime usoro ya ndị ọzọ, ''Ndị Ebighị Ebi'', ka ewepụtara Ọgọst 10, 2010.

Ọ bụ onye na-ede akwụkwọ nke usoro ụmụaka nwere akwụkwọ atọ na Jason Segel aha ya bụ ''Nightmares!'', nke e wepụtara akwụkwọ mbụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 2014. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/jason-segel-sells-three-book-444855 ''Jason Segel Sells Three-Book Children's Series''] hollywoodreport.com, 23 April 2013&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/books/review/jason-segel-reads-nightmares.html?_r=0 ''Children's Audiobooks - Jason Segel Reads ‘Nightmares!’''], The New York Times, 21 November 2014&lt;/ref&gt;

Kirsten Miller bi ma na-arụ ọrụ na New York City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.bloomsburyusa.com/Authors/microsite.asp?id=1142&amp;cf=1|author=Bloomsbury USA|title=Kirsten Miller|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927190138/http://www.bloomsburyusa.com/Authors/microsite.asp?id=1142&amp;cf=1|archivedate=2007-09-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndepụta ọrụ ==

=== Usoro ===

* Usoro Kiki Strike
** ''N'ime obodo Shadow'' (2006)
** ''The Empress's Tomb'' (2007)
** ''Ndị bi na Ọchịchịrị'' (2013)
* Arọ nrọ! trilogy na Jason Segel
** ''Arọ nrọ!'' (2014)
** ''Arọ nrọ!'' ''The Sleepwalker Tonic'' (2015)
** ''Arọ nrọ!'' ''Lullaby nke furu efu'' (2016)
* Usoro nke ebighi ebi
** ''Ndị Ebighị Ebi'' (2010)
** ''Ihe niile ị chọrọ'' (2011)
* Usoro eziokwu ikpeazụ ya na Jason Segel
** ''Ụwa ndị ọzọ'' (2017)
** ''Ụwa ọzọ'' (2018)
** ''Ndụ ọzọ'' (2019)

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ kwụ ọtọ ===

* ''Otu esi ebi ndụ nke mpụ'' (2013)

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20160604171214/https://blog.firstbook.org/2006/05/19/kirsten-miller-interview-at-bea/ Ajụjụ ọnụ Kirsten Miller]
* [http://misserinmarie.blogspot.com/2007/06/interview-kirsten-miller.html Ajụjụ ọnụ Miss Erin na Kirsten]
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'''John Sibi-Okumu''' bụ onye Kenya na-eme ihe nkiri na [[Actor|onye]] nta akụkọ, nke a maara nke ọma na mba ụwa maka ọrụ ya na The Constant Gardener .

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ John Sibi-Okumu n'afọ 1954 na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ Kenya n'ebe a na-akpọ Budalangi [https://maishamagiceast.dstv.com/show/stori-yangu/videos/the-early-life-of-john-sibi-okumu-on-stori-yangu/video]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]] na William Patten School, [[London]], mgbe e mesịrị na Kenya na Muthaiga Primary School na maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya, ọ sonyeere Duke of York nke e mechara gbanwee aha ya; Lenana High School, mgbe e mesịrị na Mahadum Toulouse II - Le Mirail, [[France]]. N'ihe ka ukwuu n'ime ndụ ọkachamara ya, ọ kụziri French na ụlọ akwụkwọ elementrị, nke etiti na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, bụrụ onye isi nke ngalaba asụsụ ọgbara ọhụrụ n'oge dị iche iche n'ogologo ọrụ. Sibi-Okumu malitere ime ihe nkiri n'afọ 1968 mgbe ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ na Lenana School, na-aga n'ihu ime ihe nkiri dị iche iche.

Dịka onye nta akụkọ, ọ kwadoro ihe omume TV a ma ama, Ọgbakọ e gosipụtara na Kenya Television Network (KTN), nke ọ gbara ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Kenya ajụjụ ọnụ. Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, a na-amata ya, ọkachasị ndị Kenya na-ege ntị na ndị na-ekiri ya, dịka onye na-agụ akụkọ redio na telivishọn na onye na-eweta ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, n'agbata afọ 1997 na afọ 2002 na The Summit, na-eduzi ajụjụ ọnụ TV na ndị dịka Daniel arap Moi, Mwai Kibaki, Robert Mugabe, [[Ellen Johnson Sirleaf|Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf]], Richard Leakey na Wangari Maathai. Malite n'afọ 2007, ọ bụ onye isi nyocha maka ọkara awa, mahadum, ihe ngosi ''ihe'' ọmụma n'ozuzu, ''Celtel'' Africa Challenge (nke mechara bụrụ Zain Africa Challenge).  Ihe ngosi a, nke gosipụtara na mba ndị na-asụ Bekee n'ofe Afrịka na site na satellite mgbasa ozi na DStv, gosipụtara ndị otu mahadum sitere na mba Afrịka asatọ. Ihe ngosi ahụ mechiri mgbasa ozi ya n'afọ 2010.

Ọ kọọla akụkọ ihe nkiri na-emeri ihe nrite na Bekee na French ma na-arụkwa ọtụtụ ihe nkiri, n'etiti ha dịka Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka Ahụike Dr. Joshua Ngaba na Oscar-winning The Constant Gardener na dịka ezigbo ndụ UN diplomat Jacques Roger Boh-Boh na Shake Hands with the Devil, akụkọ banyere mgbukpọ agbụrụ Rwanda site n'anya ''onye'' isi ndị France na Canada Roméo Dallaire . Ihe nkiri ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere Born Free (1975), We are the children (1987) na ''Metamo'' (1997).&lt;ref&gt;Anthony Njagi, &quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20070927013610/http://www.nationaudio.com/News/DailyNation/Supplements/weekend/25012002/story7.htm In celebration of Black History Month]&quot;, ''Weekend Magazine'', 18 January 2002.&lt;/ref&gt; Kemgbe ọtụtụ afọ, Sibi-Okumu apụtawo n'ihe dị ka ọrụ iri anọ na ogbo, gụnyere Sophocles' King Oedipus; [[William Shakespeare|Shakespeare's]] Romeo, Oberon na Shylock; Anouilh's Creon na ''Antigone'', Samuel Beckett's Vladimir na Waiting for Godot na Mtwa / Ngema's Percy na Woza, Albert! Sibi-Okumu n'onwe ya echepụtawo ''In Search of the Drum Major'' na Like Ripples On a Pond, ma na American Civil Rights Movement, yana ''Milestones - Ihe ngosi maka'' African Poetry.

O deela egwuregwu abụọ. Nke mbụ, Role Play - A Journey Into The Kenyan Psyche, e bipụtara n'afọ 2005 (MvuleAfrica Publishers;  ) ma ''Newsweek International'' toro ya dị ka &quot;nle anya na-enweghị mgbaghara na echiche agbụrụ na Kenya nke oge a&quot;. Nke abụọ, Minista...Karibu!, bụ nke ndị na-ege ntị na Nairobi hụrụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba afọ 2007. Na Minista...Karibu! Sibi-Okumu satirises (n'ụzọ ụfọdụ amụma maka Kenya) ihe ize ndụ nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ịchọ ọdịmma onwe onye nanị na nkwụsi ike ọha na eze. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ gbakwunyere ''Tom Mboya'': Master of Mass Management, maka ndị na-eto eto na-agụ akwụkwọ, na akwụkwọ edemede ya (Sasa Sema / Longhorn Publishers).

N'ọnwa Ọktọba afọ 2009 John Sibi-Okumu [5] duziri egwu ''Mo Faya'', nke e gosipụtara n'afọ 2009 New York Musical Theatre Festival.

Dịka onye nta akụkọ na-ebipụta akwụkwọ, o deela akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin ndị Kenya n'okpuru aha njirimara Mwenye Sikio na, ruo afọ atọ ọ nọ na kọmitii nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ ''AWAAZ - Voices of the South Asian Diaspora'' ([www.awaazmagazine.com]), nke ọ na-aga n'ihu na-ede kọlụm mgbe niile: “Alternative Angle'. Iji tinye eriri okwu ọzọ na ụta ya, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dịka onye nchịkọta akụkọ, ọtụtụ mgbe nke akwụkwọ nyocha sayensị. N'oge ndụ ya niile, Sibi-Okumu nabatara ohere maka ịgbazinye nkà ya n'ụzọ dị mma maka ọrụ ebere na ọdịmma ọha na eze.

N'afọ 2002, e nyere ya aha nsọpụrụ nke Chevalier (Knight) na Ordre des Palmes Académiques, maka ọrụ maka omenala French na Kenya. E wezụga ihe ndị ọ rụzuru dịka onye nkuzi, o nwere aha dị ukwuu dị a nwoke nke nka. N'izo aka n'ihe ndị ọ rụzuru dị ka onye nkuzi na onye nkuzi, a na-akpọ ya n'ụzọ dị egwu na Swahili nsọpụrụ ''Mwalimu'' (&quot;onye nkuzi&quot;) na obodo Kenya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Breaking Kenya News|url=https://www.breakingkenyanews.com/|accessdate=2021-08-17|work=Breaking Kenya News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha
!Ọrụ
!Ihe edeturu
|-
|2005
|''Onye Ọrụ Ugbo Na-adịgide Adịgide''
|Dr. Joshua Ngaba
|
|-
|2007
|''Jikọọ aka na ekwensu''
|Booh-Booh
|
|-
|2010
|''Onye nke mbụ''
|Onye isi oche agụmakwụkwọ
|(ihe nkiri ikpeazụ)
|}

== Edemsibịa ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* {{IMDb name|id=2019170|name=John Sibi-Okumu}}
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[[Category:Comics infobox image less caption|Jamar Nicholas]]
[[Category:Comics infobox image less alt text|Jamar Nicholas]]
[[Category:Comics creator pop|Jamar Nicholas]]
[[Category:Comics creator BLP pop|Jamar Nicholas]]
[[Category:Track variant DoB|Jamar Nicholas]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox comics creator with unknown parameters|subcatJamar Nicholas]]
[[Category:Pages using infobox comics creator with unknown parameters|sortkeyJamar Nicholas]]
{{Infobox person
| image         = jamar headshot.jpg
| imagesize     = 
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = 
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1973|3|18}}
| birth_place   = [[Philadelphia]], [[Pennsylvania]]
| death_date    =
| death_place   =
| nationality   = [[Americans|American]]
| cartoonist    = y
| writer         = y
| art           = y
| penciller       = 
| ink           = 
| publish       =
| letter        = 
| color         =
| signature     =
| notable works = ''[[Fist, Stick, Knife, Gun]]''&lt;br /&gt;''Detective Boogaloo: Hip-Hop Cop''&lt;br /&gt;''Leon: Protector of the Playground''
| awards        = [[#Awards and nominations|See list]]
| website       = {{URL|http://jamarnicholas.com}}
| sortkey       = Nicholas, Jamar
| subcat        = American
}}
'''Jamar Nicholas''' (amụrụ na Machị 18, 1973) bụ onye African American na-ese katụụn, graphic novelist, na educator bi na Philadelphia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]]. A maara ya maka akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ, ''Leon'': Protector of the Playground, na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya nke Fist, Stick, Knife, Gun, ihe ncheta nke onye na-ahụ maka mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nke Africa America bụ Geoffrey Canada dere na 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;graphic&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.beaconbroadside.com/broadside/2010/09/fist-stick-knife-gun.html|date=September 15, 2010|title=Fist Stick Knife Gun: From Memoir to Graphic Book|publisher=[[Beacon Broadside]]|accessdate=July 8, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ Nicholas na-atụle isiokwu ndị dị ka mmegbu na ime ihe ike mgbe ọ na-enye ihe ngosi ọzọ, nke dị mma nke ndị isi ojii.

== Mmalite ndụ ==
Nicholas tolitere na Philadelphia, [[Pensílvéníyạ|Pennsylvania]] ebe ọ na-elekarị ''Spider-Man'' n'ụtụtụ Satọdee ma na-amụsi ihe n'obi banyere ihe nkiri ọchị dị ka Peanuts, ''Andy Capp'', na ''Blondie''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hochman&quot;&gt;Hochman, Anndee (2002). &quot;Jamar Nicholas&quot;. ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] Magazine''.&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara Philadelphia High School for Creative and Performing Arts, wee gụsịa akwụkwọ na 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Metro&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.metro.us/philadelphia/meet-the-cartoonist-behind-detective-boogaloo-hip-hop-cop/zsJogm---PWrekV2KGDbY/|title=Meet the cartoonist behind 'Detective Boogaloo, Hip-Hop Cop'|publisher=Metro.us|accessdate=July 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hochman&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

=== Onye na-ese ihe osise ===
Nicholas gụrụ gbasara ihe nkiri na Mahadum nke Arts (Philadelphia) malite na 1991. N'afọ 1993, mgbe ọ na-arụ ọrụ na Mahadum La Salle, o keputara The Adventures of Jamar &amp; Patrick, ma ọ bụ Patrick &amp; Jamar, Whatever ... ya na enyi ya na odee ibe ya, Patrick White. Kwa izu, ọkara peeji nke na-atọ ọchị pụtara na The Collegian (La Salle University) site na 1993 ruo 1994.

Nicholas malitere ọrụ ọkachamara ya dị ka onye na-ese akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị na 1997 site na ịjị aka ya wee bipụta The Jamar Chronicles, nke nwere akwụkwọ abụọ na-atọ ọchị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hochman&quot;&gt;Hochman, Anndee (2002). &quot;Jamar Nicholas&quot;. ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] Magazine''.&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2002, o mepụtara Detective Boogaloo: Hip-Hop Cop, webcomic kwa izu nke e bipụtara na mbụ na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Kevin Smith bụ MoviePoopShoot.com, nke gara ezumike ruo ihe karịrị afọ iri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.geekadelphia.com/2013/01/23/geek-of-the-week-artist-jamar-nicholas/|title=Geek of the Week: Artist Jamar Nicholas|publisher=[[Geekadelphia]]|accessdate=July 14, 2016|archivedate=August 17, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817141851/http://www.geekadelphia.com/2013/01/23/geek-of-the-week-artist-jamar-nicholas/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ahụ n'afọ 2003, Nicholas jere ozi dị ka [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|onye]] na-ese ihe osise nke ''Philadelphia Tribune'', akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha ochie na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ African American na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].&lt;ref name=&quot;world-building&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://gallery.arcadia.edu/jamar-nicholas-world-building/|title=Jamar Nicholas: World Building|publisher=Arcadia University Art Gallery|accessdate=July 14, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ nọ na ''Philadelphia Tribune'', Nicholas mepụtara katọn nchịkọta akụkọ abụọ kwa izu ruo afọ atọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huber&quot;&gt;Huber, Ashley (Dec. 14, 2010). &quot;Jamar Nicholas&quot;. ''The Philadelphia Inquirer Daily News''.&lt;/ref&gt;

E bipụtara akwụkwọ akụkọ eserese nke Geoffrey Canada's 1995 memoir Fist, Stick, Knife, Gun, nke Jamar Nicholas gosipụtara ma gbanwee, na 2010 site na Beacon Press. N'ịbụ onye Canada n'onwe ya họpụtara, a kọrọ na Nicholas &quot;kpọọrọ ahụmahụ ya na-etolite na Philadelphia mgbe o gosipụtara [akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ],&quot; nke na-egosi afọ uto Canada na South Bronx. Nicholas gwara Ashley Huber nke ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'' na ya nwere olileanya na akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ &quot;ga-emeghe uche ndị mmadụ maka nsogbu nke ụmụ okorobịa,&quot; na-eto eto na agbata obi ndị na-enweghị ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huber&quot;&gt;Huber, Ashley (Dec. 14, 2010). &quot;Jamar Nicholas&quot;. ''The Philadelphia Inquirer Daily News''.&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ akụkọ a nwetara ọtụtụ onyinye, gụnyere Glyph Comics Awards maka Akụkọ nke Afọ na Best Male Character na 2011. Nicholas nwetakwara Rising Star Award site na Glyph Comics Awards n'otu afọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ecbacc.com/wordpress3/2011/2011-glyph-comics-awards-winners/|title=2011 Glyph Comics Awards Winners|publisher=[[ECBACC]]|accessdate=July 21, 2016|archivedate=February 16, 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170216103846/http://ecbacc.com/wordpress3/2011/2011-glyph-comics-awards-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt; The Young Adult Library Services Association mechara tinye mgbanwe eserese na ndepụta akwụkwọ ha maka 2011 Great Graphic Novels for Teens .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2011 Great Graphic Novels for Teens|url=http://booklists.yalsa.net/directory/results?booklist=23&amp;year=2011|work=Young Adult Library Services Association|accessdate=2022-06-14|archivedate=2022-05-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220516224830/http://www.booklists.yalsa.net/directory/results?booklist=23&amp;year=2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, Detective Boogaloo laghachiri na akwụkwọ akụkọ Philadelphia, [[New York City]], na Boston nke Metro International bipụtara dị ka ihe nkiri na-atọ ọchị kwa ụbọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.theartblog.org/2016/07/talking-with-comic-book-artist-jamar-nicholas-on-artblog-radio/|title=Talking with comic book artist, Jamar Nicholas, on Artblog Radio!|publisher=theartblog.org|accessdate=July 21, 2016|archivedate=August 13, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160813033100/http://www.theartblog.org/2016/07/talking-with-comic-book-artist-jamar-nicholas-on-artblog-radio/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nicholas na-akọwa ihe ọchị ahụ dị ka &quot;akwụkwọ ozi ịhụnanya ya na hip hop,&quot; na-ezo aka na nwata ya, nke mere n'oge ọmụmụ nke ụdị ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Metro&quot;/&gt; A họpụtara Detective Boogaloo maka Best Comic Strip / Webcomic na 2016 Glyph Awards .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ecbacc.com/wordpress3/2016/2016-glyph-comics-awards-nominees/|title=2016 Glyph Awards Nominees|publisher=[[ECBACC]]|accessdate=July 14, 2016|archivedate=July 1, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701030058/http://ecbacc.com/wordpress3/2016/2016-glyph-comics-awards-nominees/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E gosipụtara ọrụ Nicholas na Black Comix: African American Comics, Art and Culture, mbipụta 2010 nke ndị na-ese ihe osise Damian Duffy na John Jennings dere nke chịkọtara ọrụ nke ihe karịrị mmadụ iri ise African American comic book artists. E gosipụtara ọrụ ya ọzọ na mbipụta nke 2018, ''Black Comix'' Returns .

Na Septemba 2017, Baltimore Comic-Con kwupụtara mmalite Nicholas nke akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, ''Leon'': Protector of the Playground, nke mere nke mbụ ya na 2017 Baltimore Comic Con na Ọktoba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Leon, Protector of the Playground Debuts in Baltimore|url=http://baltimorecomiccon.com/2017/09/leon-protector-of-the-playground-debuts-in-baltimore/|work=Baltimore Comic Con|date=September 2, 2017|accessdate=June 14, 2022|archivedate=May 16, 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210516204500/https://baltimorecomiccon.com/2017/09/leon-protector-of-the-playground-debuts-in-baltimore/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ngwụcha afọ 2017, Nicholas natara Artblog's 2017 Liberta Award maka &quot;Author! ''Onye edemede! Akwụkwọ kachasị mma nke ndị Filadelfia dere. &quot;''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The 2017 Liberta Awards!|url=https://www.theartblog.org/2017/12/the-2017-liberta-awards/|work=The Artblog|date=December 29, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akwụkwọ akụkọ ya wee gaa n'ihu merie 2018 Dwayne McDuffie Award for Diversity in Comics, Nicholas natara 2018 Glyph Comics Award for Best Writer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dwayne McDuffie Award for Diversity in Comics|url=http://longbeachcomicexpo.com:80/dwayne-mcduffie-award-for-diversity/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180418214944/http://longbeachcomicexpo.com/dwayne-mcduffie-award-for-diversity/|archivedate=April 18, 2018|work=Long Beach Comic Expo|date=February 16, 2018|accessdate=October 17, 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2018 Glyph Comics Awards Winners|url=https://ecbacc.com/2018-glyph-comics-awards-winners/|work=East Coast Black Age of Comics Convention|date=May 18, 2018|accessdate=June 14, 2022|archivedate=May 9, 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509040953/https://ecbacc.com/2018-glyph-comics-awards-winners/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Odee, onye nkuzi, na onye ọbịa ===
Nicholas akụziela ihe ọmụmụ na Mahadum Arcadia, Mahadum Drexel, na Moore College of Art and Design dị ka prọfesọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Metro&quot;/&gt; Isiokwu nke ọmụmụ ndị dị otú ahụ gụnyere ịkọ akụkọ, ihe nkiri, ihe atụ, edemede okike, na omenala pop. Nicholas emeela Glyph Comic Awards maka ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri n'usoro. Ọ bụkwa onye edemede maka Draw! ''Magazin'', mbipụta &quot;how-to&quot; nke onye na-ese akwụkwọ na-atọ ọchị bụ Mike Manley dere nke na-atụle ihe nkiri, eserese, na ihe nkiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/arts-and-culture-everything/item/57445-heat-wave-and-no-air-conditioning-not-a-problem-for-cartoonist|title=Heat wave and no air conditioning not a problem for cartoonist|publisher=Newsworks.org|accessdate=July 14, 2016|archivedate=August 15, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815025038/http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/arts-and-culture-everything/item/57445-heat-wave-and-no-air-conditioning-not-a-problem-for-cartoonist}}&lt;/ref&gt;  N'ofè ịgba ndị ọzọ a ma ama na-emepụta akwụkwọ ọchị ajụjụ ọnụ, ọ bụ &quot;Crusty Critic&quot; nke magazin ahụ, na-edebe kọlụm na nyocha ngwaahịa na ngwá ọrụ. N'akụkụ Rich Faber na John Gallagher, ndị okike nke ''Roboy Red'' na ''Buzzboy'', Nicholas kwadoro Comic Book Diner, ụlọ ọrụ na podcast lekwasịrị anya na azụmahịa nke ihe nkiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local/speak-easy/76224-jamar-nicholas-on-leon-protector-of-the-playground-benson-and-a-fat-wonder-womant|title=Jamar Nicholas on 'Leon: Protector of the Playground,' 'Benson' and a fat Wonder Woman|accessdate=July 15, 2016|archivedate=August 15, 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815014417/http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local/speak-easy/76224-jamar-nicholas-on-leon-protector-of-the-playground-benson-and-a-fat-wonder-womant}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ọgụgụ (ndebiri) ==
===Graphic novels and comic books===
* ''Leon: Protector of the Playground'' (2017)
* ''Fist Stick Knife Gun: A Personal History of Violence'' (2010)
* ''The Grosse Adventures: Trouble at Twilight Cave'', (vol. 3) (2007)
* ''The Grosse Adventures: Stinky &amp; Stan Blast Off!'', (vol. 2) (2007)
* ''Asteroid Girl &amp; The Space Cadets'', (vol. 1) (2000)
* ''GUMBO #2'' (2000)
* ''The Jamar Chronicles'', (vol. 2) (1998)
* ''The Jamar Chronicles'', (vol. 1) (1997)

===Comic strips and webcomics===
* ''Stan: The Street Fighting Bowler'' (2010–present)
* ''Detective Boogaloo: Hip-Hop Cop'' (2002-2015)
* ''The Jamar Chronicles Weekly'' (2000)
* ''Low Rent'' (1994-1996)
* ''The Adventure of Jamar &amp; Patrick, or Patrick &amp; Jamar, Whatever...'' (1993-1994)


===Ihe ngosi===
* ''Jamar Nicholas: World Building'', [[Arcadia University]] Art Gallery, Glenside, PA (2014)&lt;ref name=world-building /&gt;
* ''ON THE WALL'' Group Show, [[Painted Bride Art Center]], Philadelphia, PA (2011)
* ''PARTY CRASHERS'' Group Show, Arlington Arts Center, Arlington, VA (2010)

===Nzukọ na otu===
* Member, [[Phi Beta Delta (honor society)|Phi Beta Delta]] International Honors Society
* Member, Philadelphia Sketch Club
* Member, Philadelphia Cartoonist Society
* Member, ''Kids Love Comics!'' Creators’ Collective	
* Member, COMIC BOOK DINER Virtual Studio

== Ihe nrite na nhọpụta ==
 

== Ebensidee ==
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[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Johan Oldert</title>
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'''Johan Oldert''' (1912-1984) bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na ónyé na-akpụ ihe na South Africa nke a maara màkà ihe osise mmanụ, ọkachasị ala, na ihe ọkpụkpụ: ọkachasị ihe osise ọla nchara.&lt;ref name=&quot;crouse&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://artdealers.co.za/johan-oldert/|title=Johan Oldert|accessdate=28 Feb 2017|work=Crouse Art Gallery website|archivedate=20 September 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160920094258/http://artdealers.co.za/johan-oldert/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Johan Oldert na Rotterdam na 1912, nwa nwoke nke ónyé na-eme achịcha. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Royal Academy na Rotterdam n'okpuru Koos den Hartog, na London n'okpuru Harold Brownsword na Regent Street Polytechnic. Na South Africa ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Natal Technical College n'okpuru Merlyn Evans na Nils Anderson, na n'okpuru Eric Byrd na Witwatersrand Technical College. Ezinụlọ ya kwagara South Africa na 1935.&lt;ref name=&quot;crouse&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Johan Oldert rụrụ ọrụ na mbụ dị ka ónyé na-ese ihe osise na ónyé na-ere ahịa na Johannesburg. Mgbè ihe mberede nke ọ dara n'elu ihe na-ebuli elu n'ụlọ ebe ọ na-arụ ọrụ, ọ malitere ogologo ógè, ma mesịa kpebie ịhapụ ọrụ ya wee bụrụ ónyé na-ese ihe n'onwe ya. Oldert bụ ónyé na-ese ihe na-ewu ewu ma na-aga nke ọma na 1960s na 1970s.&lt;ref name=&quot;smith&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.artistjohnsmith.co.za/johan-oldert/|title=JOHAN OLDERT (1912-1984)|accessdate=3 March 2017|work=John Smith website}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule mmalite afọ 2000, ọrụ Oldert adaala n'ụdị ejiji; na 2009 Stephan Welz nke Sotheby kọwara ya dị ka &quot; nka kalenda&quot;, ma kwuo na ahịa Oldert fọrọ nke nta ka ọ pụọ.

== Ọrụ ==
E nyere ụlọ ọrụ Metzudat Ze'ev na ébé ngosi ihe mgbè ochie na Tel Aviv ihe oyiyi ọla nchara nkè Ze'ev Jabotinsky site na Oldert na 2008 ma kà ná-egosi.&lt;ref name=&quot;begin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://begincenterdiary.blogspot.co.uk/2008/05/center-bulletin-vol-4-no-30.html|title=Center Bulletin, Volume 4, Issue 30 May 7, 2008|accessdate=3 March 2017|work=Menachim Begin Heritage Center website}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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    <title>Kuukua Eshun</title>
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{{Infobox person|name=Kuukua Eshun|image=File:Re-publica Detroit 2019 - d2 (48936162456).jpg|caption=Kuukua Eshun speaking at re:publica on Sequencer Tour in Detroit|birth_name=Kuukua Eshun|birth_date=|birth_place=[[Accra]], [[Ghana]]|death_date=|death_place=|residence=|known_for=Film directing and poetry|occupation=Film director, writer and creative|spouse=|relatives=|nationality=Ghanaian-American}}
[[Category:Pages using infobox person with unknown empty parameters|residenceKuukua Eshun]]
[[Category:Articles with hCards]]
'''Kuukua Eshun''' bụ onye nduzi ihe nkiri Ghana-America, onye na-ese ihe na odee. Kuukua na-eme ka a mara banyere nsogbu mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ahụike uche site na edemede na ihe nkiri ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=KuuKua|url=https://avalidreview.com/kuukua/|accessdate=2020-06-23|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-06-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626170455/https://avalidreview.com/kuukua/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kuukua Eshun: Let’s Talk About Mental Health Within The African Community|url=https://www.modernghana.com/lifestyle/13662/kuukua-eshun-lets-talk-about-mental-health-withi.html|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye guzobere Boxedkids.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gyasi|first=Prince|title=Boxed Kids: Accra, Ghana|url=https://suitcasemag.com/articles/boxed-kids-ghana|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=Suitcase Magazine|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ihe nkiri mbụ Kuukua nke akpọrọ Artist, Act of Love meriri ihe nrite na mmemme ihe nkiri ụmụ nwanyị zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmetụta kachasị mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ababio|first=Jesse|date=2020-02-12|title=Ghanaian Short Film &quot;Artist, Act Of Love&quot; Wins Best Visual Effects At The Worldwide Women’s Film Festival|url=https://kuulpeeps.com/2020/02/ghanaian-short-film-artist-act-of-love-wins-best-visual-effects-at-the-worldwide-womens-film-festival/|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye guzobere Skate Gal Club.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Frank|first=Alex|title=Take a Ride With Ghana’s First All-Girls Skate Crew|url=https://www.vogue.com/vogueworld/article/surf-ghana-skate-gal-club-girls-women-skateboard-crew|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=Vogue|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Take a Ride With Ghana’s First All-Girls Skate Crew|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/ride-ghana-first-girls-skate-120000959.html|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=finance.yahoo.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gbadamosi|first=Thomas Cristofoletti,Nosmot|date=2020-02-10|title=People Assumed Women in Ghana Wouldn’t Skate. Then One Crew Changed Everything|url=https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/4ag3pg/skate-gal-club-ghana-gender-equality-metoo-assault-survivors|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=Vice|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuukua kwenyere na ịha nhata nwoke na nwanyị nke mere ka ọ mee ngagharị iwe nke ukwuu n'okporo ámá Accra. Ọ rụkọtara ọrụ na UNFPA Ghana iji mee nnọkọ ọgwụgwọ maka ụmụ agbọghọ ndị lanarịrị mwakpo mmekọahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=UNFPA fights against Gender Violence through Walk and Vigil|url=https://ghananewsagency.org/social/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil-161200|accessdate=2020-06-23|work=ghananewsagency.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-12-14|title=UNFPA fights against Gender Violence through walk and vigil|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil/|accessdate=2020-06-25|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US|archivedate=2020-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627064405/https://www.myjoyonline.com/news/national/unfpa-fights-against-gender-violence-through-walk-and-vigil/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuukua na onye egwu Naijiria bụ [[Wizkid]] rụkọtara ọrụ n'oge na-adịbeghị anya ebe ọ duziri ya ihe ngosi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Segbefia|first=Sedem|date=2021-05-01|title=Kuukua Eshun, an extraordinary creative mind|url=https://thebftonline.com/01/05/2021/kuukua-eshun-an-extraordinary-creative-mind/|accessdate=2021-11-09|work=The Business &amp; Financial Times|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-05-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512233704/https://thebftonline.com/01/05/2021/kuukua-eshun-an-extraordinary-creative-mind/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe nkiri ya na nso nso a nke a kpọrọ &quot;Unveiling&quot; gosiri nna Museum Ostwall Im Dortmunder U na Germany na ngosipụta ya na ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie ruo na Machị 2022. Ọ bụ ANO Institute of Arts &amp; Knowledge nyere iwu ka ihe nkiri ahụ mee ihe ma Kuukua mepụtara ma duzie ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Filmmaker Kuukua Eshun premieres 'Unveiling' in German Museum - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/filmmaker-kuukua-eshun-premieres-unveiling-in-german-museum/|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kuukua duziri ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi nke onye egwu Naijiria bụ [[Wizkid]] maka abọm ya bụ Made In Lagos nke akpọrọ Made In Lagos Deluxe Film nke e wepụtara na Disemba 2021. Ya na Wizkid duziri ihe nkiri a dị mkpirikpi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Conteh|first=Mankaprr|date=2021-12-20|title=Wizkid Indulges in Beauty in 'Made in Lagos (Deluxe)' Short Film|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-film-1274314/|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-20|title=Wizkid Releases Brand-New Short Film For 'Made in Lagos'|url=https://grmdaily.com/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-fulm/|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=GRM Daily|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nkiri ==
'''Ihe nkiri dị mkpirikpi'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Aha ya
!Onye nduzi
!Onye edemede
!Onye na-emepụta
![Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji]
|- 
|2018
|''Onye Mụta Gị Na-amaghị''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|
|-
|2019
|''Onye na-ese ihe, Ọrụ Ịhụnanya''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-07-02|title=Hollywood &amp; More: 25-year-old Kuukua Eshun wins international film awards|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Hollywood-More-25-year-old-Kuukua-Eshun-wins-international-film-awards-996766|accessdate=2020-09-24|work=www.ghanaweb.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Nkwupụta''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-12-17|title=Kuukua Eshun gets her film ‘Unveiling’ premiered in a German museum|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kuukua-Eshun-gets-her-film-Unveiling-premiered-in-a-German-museum-1425907|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=GhanaWeb|language=en|archivedate=2021-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227191905/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Kuukua-Eshun-gets-her-film-Unveiling-premiered-in-a-German-museum-1425907}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|''Emere na Lagos (Deluxe)''
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| {{Yes}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Conteh|first=Mankaprr|date=2021-12-20|title=Wizkid Indulges in Beauty in 'Made in Lagos (Deluxe)' Short Film|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/wizkid-made-in-lagos-short-film-1274314/|accessdate=2022-01-25|work=Rolling Stone|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|}

== Ihe nrite na nkwanyere Ugwu ==

* Urbanworld Film Festival Finalists maka Young Creators Showcase.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramos|first=Dino-Ray|date=2020-09-18|title=Urbanworld Film Festival Adds Spotlight Conversation On ‘All In: The Fight for Democracy’ And More Events To Bolster Civic Engagement|url=https://deadline.com/2020/09/urbanworld-film-festival-lineup-stacey-abrams-all-in-the-fight-for-democracy-1234579258/|accessdate=2020-09-24|work=Deadline|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Afọ
!Ihe omume
!Ihe nrite
!Onye Nwetara ya
!Nsonaazụ
|-
|2021
|2021 Ghana Movie Awards
|Ihe nkiri kacha mma&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana Movie Awards 2021: Full list of nominations - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/ghana-movie-awards-2021-full-list-of-nominations/|accessdate=2021-12-27|work=www.myjoyonline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Nkwupụta
|{{Nom}}
|-
|}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Kuukua Eshun on Twitter

== Ebensidee ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Janine van Wyk</title>
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'''Janine van Wyk''' (amụrụ ya n'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Eprel n'afọ 1987) bụ onye na-agba bọọlụ na South Afrika nke na-agbachitere klọb egwuregwu ya nke ya na nke obodo South Africa JVW ma bụrụ onye isi otu Egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị South Afrika. Ọ bụ onye Egwuregwu bọọlụ kachasị elu na South Afrika nwere mpụta otu narị na iri asatọ, yana nwanyị kacha nwee goolụ na CAF.

Ọ gbara bọọlụ na Houston Dash na National  Women's Soccer League, bia buru onye egwuregwu South Africa mbụ bịanyere aka na league a. N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2018, van Wyk nwetara akara nke otu narị na iri ise ya maka otu egwuregwu bọọlụ ụmụ nwanyị nke mba South Africa, ọ nwere ihe ndekọ dị ka onye na-agba bọọlụ South Afrika nke nwoke na nwanyị ọ bụla.&lt;ref name=&quot;rsa&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sport/soccer/2018-09-18-watch--janine-van-wyk-celebrates-her-150th-banyana-banyana-cap/|title=Janine van Wyk celebrates her 150th Banyana Banyana cap|accessdate=19 March 2019|date=18 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ ya na agụmakwụkwọ ya ==
A mụrụ Van Wyk na Alberton, Gauteng na Dannie van Wyk.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=All eyes on Rio for Janine|url=http://albertonrecord.co.za/83434/all-eyes-on-rio-for-janine/|accessdate=17 November 2016|work=Alberton Record|date=7 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thesportseagle.co.za/janine-van-wyk-dad/|title=Janine Van Wyk And Her Dad|first=Cyril|author=Skosana|date=10 June 2014|work=The Sports Eagle|accessdate=18 July 2022|archivedate=24 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190824184844/https://thesportseagle.co.za/janine-van-wyk-dad/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ tolitere na Germiston ma malite ịgba bọọlụ mgbe ọ dị afọ isii. Ọ gara Hoërskool Alberton, ụlọ akwụkwọ dị n'etiti nke Afrikaans nke na-adịghị agba bọọlụ. Ndị otu ụmụ nwanyị mbụ ya bụ Springs Home Sweepers nke dị na KwaThema.&lt;ref name=&quot;tembisan.co.za&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Mukwevho Ne-vumbani|first=Victor|url=http://tembisan.co.za/16031/banyana-banyana-defender-aims-high/|title=Banyana Banyana defender aims high|work=The Tembisan|date=30 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/48502231|title=South Africa captain Janine van Wyk's journey to the Women's World Cup|work=BBC Sport|date=6 June 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ pụtara dị ka nwanyị na-edina nwoke ibe ya mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Inocéncio|first=Josh|title=From One South to Another: Houston Dash Player Talks Journey from South Africa to Texas|url=https://www.spectrumsouth.com/south-africa-houston-dash-player/|accessdate=28 September 2019|work=Spectrum South|date=14 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ya ==

=== Ọrụ klọb ya ===
Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, Van Wyk sonyeere Moroka Swallows ma mesịa, Palace Super Falcons site na Thembisa, ebe ọ bụ akụkụ nke otu meriri aha league atọ n'usoro. Van Wyk kpọrọ oge ya na Super Falcons &quot;ihe a na-echeta&quot;, ma kwuo na na mmeri atọ ha nwere &quot;enweghị aka&quot;. O guzobere klọb nke ya, nke akpọrọ JVW F.C. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nchịkwa egwuregwu maka klọb ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;tembisan.co.za&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/news/sport/football-banyana-290413.htm#.U-vUdV2t-o8|date=29 April 2013|title=Banyana captain gives back to football|work=southafrica.info|accessdate=13 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160310181306/http://www.southafrica.info/news/sport/football-banyana-290413.htm#.U-vUdV2t-o8|archivedate=10 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ndị na-akwado klọb bọọlụ ha akpọwo ya &quot;Booth&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;tembisan.co.za&quot; /&gt;

Na 21 Disemba 2016, ọ bịanyere aka na Houston Dash na National Women's Soccer League .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.houstondynamo.com/post/2016/12/21/houston-dash-sign-south-african-defender-janine-van-wyk-0|title=Houston Dash sign South African defender Janine Van Wyk|accessdate=20 March 2019|date=21 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2017, ọ pụtara ugboro iri na asaa na Dash.&lt;ref name=&quot;stats&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://us.soccerway.com/players/janine-van-wyk/253659/|title=J. VAN WYK|accessdate=20 March 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Van Wyk laghachiri Houston maka oge 2018 NWSL, ọ pụtara na egwuregwu 20.&lt;ref name=&quot;stats&quot; /&gt; N'abalị mbụ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2018, Houston Dash hapụrụ van Wyk ma tinye ya na ntinyeghachi mana ndị otu ọzọ ekwughị ikike ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/nwsl-players-available-on-the-re-entry-wire|title=NWSL players available on the Re-Entry Wire|accessdate=20 March 2019|date=1 October 2018|archivedate=14 December 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191214132606/http://www.nwslsoccer.com/news/article/nwsl-players-available-on-the-re-entry-wire}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2019, ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Danish Fortuna Hjorring .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/49466308|title=Janine van Wyk: South Africa captain signs for Danish club Fortuna Hjorring|work=BBC Sport|date=25 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe o merụrụ ahụ n'ikpere n'oge ọzụzụ ma laghachi South Africa, na 14 Jenụwarị 2020, van Wyk kwupụtara na ya na Fortuna Hjorring ekwekọrịtala ịkwụsị nkwekọrịta ya ka o wee nwee ike ilekwasị anya na mmezigharị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/51104926|title=Injury forces Janine van Wyk to end contract in Denmark|work=BBC|date=14 January 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Van Wyk laghachiri mba Europe na Julaị 2020 mgbe ọ bịanyere aka na klọb Glasgow City nke Scottish Women's Premier League (SWPL).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.glasgowcityfc.co.uk/latest/2020/7/14/janine-van-wyk-signs-for-city|title=Janine Van Wyk Signs for City|publisher=Glasgow City FC|date=14 July 2020|accessdate=14 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ pụtara otu ugboro na egwuregwu UEFA Women's Champions League megide VfL Wolfsburg, a na-egbu oge na SWPL mbụ ya ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa n'ihi njikọta nke mmerụ ahụ n'ikpere na nkwụsị nke league n'oge ọrịa COVID-19.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Lambley|first=Garrin|title=Janine van Wyk: Banyana Banyana skipper over knee injury, ready to play|url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/sport/soccer/janine-van-wyk-banyana-banyana-skipper-over-knee-injury-ready-to-play/|accessdate=22 March 2021|work=The South African|date=24 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ mba ụwa ===
Van Wyk mere egwuregwu mbụ ya na mba n'afọ 2005 megide [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na African Women's Championship . Van Wyk gbara bọọlụ na-enweghị atụ mgbe Banyana dekọrọ mmeri mbụ ha meriri Naịjirịa kemgbe e guzobere otu ụmụ nwanyị n'afọ 1993. Van Wyk gbara naanị goolu nke egwuregwu ahụ, ebe Banyana kụrụ Naịjirịa n'afọ 2012 African Women's Championship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.kickoff.com/mobile/news/47606/van-wyk-set-for-banyana-banyana-century|title=Van Wyk set for Banyana Banyana century – News – Kick Off|date=9 August 2014|publisher=KickOff|accessdate=14 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160412141449/http://www.kickoff.com/mobile/news/47606/van-wyk-set-for-banyana-banyana-century|archivedate=12 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu South Afrika nke gbara bọọlụ na 2012 Summer Olympics na [[London]], [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]].  O kwuru na obi dị ya ụtọ ịnọchite anya mba ya n'egwuregwu Olimpik, n'agbanyeghị na a kụrụ ndị otu ahụ na agba nke mbụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=van Wyk|first=Janine|title=Janine Van Wyk &quot;I am so proud to be a part of London 2012 Olympics&quot; – Exclusive player blog for Women's Soccer United|url=http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/janine-van-wyk-i-am-so-proud-to-be-a-part-of-london-2012-olympics-exclusive-player-blog-for-womens-soccer-united/|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=17 November 2016|date=2 August 2012|archivedate=18 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161118035936/http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/janine-van-wyk-i-am-so-proud-to-be-a-part-of-london-2012-olympics-exclusive-player-blog-for-womens-soccer-united/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Van Wyk gbara bọọlụ nke otu narị ya maka South Africa megide [[Namibia]], merie 2-0 na August 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.southafrica.info/news/sport/football-banyana-110814.htm#.U-2RV12t-o8|title=Banyana down Namibia in Van Wyk's 100th|date=11 August 2014|work=SouthAfrica.info|accessdate=15 August 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023155225/http://www.southafrica.info/news/sport/football-banyana-110814.htm#.U-2RV12t-o8|archivedate=23 October 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge ahụ, ọ bụ onye nke abụọ kachasị nwee okpu ụmụ nwanyị South Africa dịka onye otu ya Portia Modise meriri goolụ ya nke otu narị na iri ya n'otu egwuregwu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;milestones&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=van Wyk|first=Janine|title=Reaching milestones as South Africa (Banyana Banyana) continue on the road to the 2014 African Women's Championship|url=http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/reaching-milestones-south-africa/|publisher=Goal.com|accessdate=17 November 2016|date=1 September 2014|archivedate=17 November 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117211623/http://www.womenssoccerunited.com/reaching-milestones-south-africa/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Machị n'afọ 2016, ọ ghọrọ onye egwuregwu kachasị mma na South Africa (nwoke ma ọ bụ nwanyị) mgbe ọ pụtara na otu narị na iri abụo na ịse ya megide [[Kameroon|Cameroon]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.safa.net/safa-news/675-banyana-banyana-captain-breaks-sa-record|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160410135836/http://www.safa.net/safa-news/675-banyana-banyana-captain-breaks-sa-record|archivedate=10 April 2016|title=Banyana Banyana captain breaks SA record|publisher=[[South African Football Association]]|date=8 April 2016|accessdate=9 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2018, ọ nwetara akara nke otu narị na iri ise maka South Africa.&lt;ref name=&quot;rsa&quot;/&gt; Van Wyk ghọrọ Captain mbụ iduzi ndị otu ya na Women's World Cup Appearance, yana Captain mbụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke South Africa iduzi ndị ndị ọtú bọọlụ South Afrika n'afọ nke Asọmpi nke ụmụ nwanyị nke afọ 2019

=== JVW F.C. ===
Van Wyk guzobere klọb bọọlụ JVW F.C. na 2013 &quot;na ebumnuche ilekwasị anya na mmepe nke onye egwuregwu bọọlụ nwanyị ka ọ na-enye ha ikpo okwu iji ruo ọkwa dị elu na egwuregwu ahụ. Malite na naanị otu otu na 2013 nke sonyere na Sasol League, JVW FC etolitela nke ukwuu n'afọ ndị gara aga na-azụlite ụmụ agbọghọ na-eme egwuregwu ka ha nwee ìgwè ise na-anọchite anya Football Club. &quot;Ndị otu JVW mbụ meriri Gauteng Sasol League n'afọ 2016, ebe Van Wyk jere ozi dị ka onye nchịkwa egwuregwu, wee ruo Sasol League National Championship nke ikpeazụ ebe ha mechara merie ndi Ụmụ nwaanyị Bloemfontein Celtic 1-0&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://jvw5.co.za/|title=Home|work=JVW Football Club|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-06-13}}&lt;/ref&gt; Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị n'afọ 2019 JVW FC meriri Gauteng Sasol League ọzọ wee ghọọ ndị mmeri mba na-eti ndị nnọchi anya Limpopo Maindies Ladies 2-0 na asọmpi nke ikpeazụ wee debanye aha ha na National Women's League nke a malitere na nso nso a (2019).

== Nsọpụrụ ==

=== Klọb ===
'''Obodo Glasgow'''

* Njikọ Premier nke ụmụ nwanyị Scotland: 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Van Wyk leaves Glasgow for SA return|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/57639024|accessdate=2021-06-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Mba ụwa ===

* Onye nke abụọ na Africa Women Cup of Nations: 2012, 2018
* 2017 Confederation of African Football: Team of the Year Banyana Banyana&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/extra-time-banyana-win-caf-womens-team-of-the-year/c7m62szkrcok1bx3p1s56ne3d|title=EXTRA TIME: Banyana win Caf Women's Team of the Year {{!}} Goal.com|work=www.goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Onye ọ bụla ===

* South African Football Association Banyana Banyana Captain: 2013 gaa n'ihu
* South African Football Association Best Female Player: 2010&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.safa.net/2016/12/12/van-wyk-delighted-with-caf-nomination/|title=Van Wyk delighted with CAF nomination|date=12 December 2016|work=SAFA.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Onye egwuregwu nke asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị nke Cosafa: 2011
* Ekurhuleni Sports Awards Ekurhulini Sports Woman of the Year: 2012&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;
* Gauteng Sports Awards Onye Egwuregwu nke Afọ: 2015&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/banyana/banyana-banyana-captain-janine-van-wyk-wins-sport-personality-of-the-year-award/563360|title=Banyana Banyana captain Janine van Wyk wins Sport Personality of the Year award|date=15 October 2015|work=Kick Off|accessdate=18 July 2022|archivedate=18 July 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718115427/https://www.kickoff.com/news/articles/south-africa-news/categories/news/banyana/banyana-banyana-captain-janine-van-wyk-wins-sport-personality-of-the-year-award/563360}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* IFFHS CAF Women Team nke Afọ Iri 2011 2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925|title=IFFHS WOMAN TEAM - CAF - OF THE DECADE 2011-2020|work=IFFHS|date=28 January 2021|accessdate=18 July 2022|archivedate=2 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402080022/https://iffhs.com/index.php/posts/925}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Joyce Bagala''' bụ onye nta akụkọ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Uganda. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa akụkọ na Next Media, telivishọn NBS.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1516410/women-media|title=Top women in the media|accessdate=27 June 2020|work=www.newvision.co.ug}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 May 2019|title=Joyce Bagala &quot;threatens&quot; to sue NBS TV over dismissal|url=https://nilepost.co.ug/2019/05/06/joyce-bagala-threatens-to-sue-nbs-tv-over-dismissal/|accessdate=27 June 2020|work=Nile Post|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na ntuli aka nke afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri abụọ na otu , na-agba ọsọ na tiketi National Unity Platform, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchi anya ụmụ nwanyị maka Mityana District 2021-2026.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Godfrey Lugaaju|title=Four journalists set to grace the 11th parliament|date=18 January 2021|url=https://www.pmldaily.com/news/2021/01/four-journalists-set-to-grace-the-11th-parliament.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bagala bụ onye Muganda site n'agbụrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=BAIKE|first=PrISCA|title=Bagala not giving up on representing Mityana, yet|url=https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/44674-bagala-not-giving-up-on-representing-mityana-yet|accessdate=27 June 2020|work=The Observer – Uganda|language=en-gb|archivedate=27 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200627113211/https://www.observer.ug/lifestyle/42-entertainment/44674-bagala-not-giving-up-on-representing-mityana-yet}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ si n'ezinụlọ onye nwụrụ anwụ Petero Ntwatwa, onye jere ozi dị ka ọkà okwu Buganda Lukiiko na 1960s, na nna nna nne Rev William Ssewanyana Katula, onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ diocesan Mityana.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Uganda|first=TheSpy|date=6 January 2019|title=Joyce Bagala Quits Too Demanding Radio One Job To Go Bare Nuckles With Nabakooba For Mityana MP Race|url=https://www.spyuganda.com/joyce-bagala-quits-too-demanding-radio-one-job-to-go-bare-nuckles-with-nabakooba-for-mityana-mp-race/|accessdate=27 June 2020|work=The Spy|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nne na nna ya nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị obere ma nwanne nne ya, Josephine Esther Nansikombi zụlitere ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

Ọ gara Mityana Junior School, Gombe SS na UMCAT School of Journalism and Mass Communication.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; O mechara gaa Mahadum Makerere iji nweta akara ugo mmụta na nkwurịta okwu ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Ọrụ odeakụkọ ==
Bagala sonyeere NBS TV na 2016 ma bụrụkwa onye isi nke ''Amasengejje'', mgbasa ozi akụkọ Luganda nke elekere asaa nke ehihie.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ na Radio One Uganda . Bagala rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-agụ akụkọ na Bekee na Beat FM, Buddu FM na Sanyu FM. Ọ malitere ịde akụkọ Luganda na Sanyu FM.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; N'afọ 2019, Bagala bụ otu n'ime ndị njikwa akụkọ kwụsịtụrụ ọrụ na ntụziaka nke Uganda Communications Commission maka inye onye isi ala Hopefiul, na Kyadondo East MP Robert Kyagulanyi aka Bobi Wine. Kọmitii Mmekọrịta nke Uganda kwụsịtụrụ ndị ọrụ niile nọ n'ụlọ mgbasa ozi dị iche iche na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Team|first=The Observer|title=UCC suspends 3 NBS TV staff over Bobi Wine protests|url=https://observer.ug/news/headlines/60570-ucc-suspends-3-nbs-tv-staff-over-bobi-wine-protests|accessdate=27 June 2020|work=The Observer – Uganda|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt; O yiri egwu ịgba ụlọ ọrụ ahụ akwụkwọ maka ịchụpụ ya n'ụzọ na-ezighị ezi, egwu nke na-enwetụbeghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

ZụlitereN'afọ 2019, a kọrọ na ọ kwụsịrị ọrụ afọ iri na otu ya na Radio One Uganda iji mepụta oge iji laghachi na ntuli aka 2021 na-abịanụ na nwanyị nọ ugbu a na Mityana District, Judith Nabakooba. Otú ọ dị, Bagala nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ ya na telivishọn NBS.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ pụkụ abụọ na iri na isi o kwuru na ọ ga-ala ezumike nká na mgbasa ozi iji sonye na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Otú ọ dị, ọ sonyeere na ntuli aka nke afọ 2016 ma merie Judith Nabakooba, onye bụ onye NRM na-azọ ọkwa Mityana Woman MP. Afọ atọ tupu mgbe ahụ, ya na nwa nwanne ya nwanyị Namuleme Esther Ntwatwa sonyeere ntuli aka ahụ, Nabakooba meriri ha abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=bukejonah|date=2 November 2019|title=Joyce Bagala Vows To Quit Media For Politics Next Year|url=https://newslexpoint.com/joyce-bagala-vows-join-politics/|accessdate=27 June 2020|work=Newslex Point|language=en-US|archivedate=29 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929204939/https://newslexpoint.com/joyce-bagala-vows-join-politics/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na abụọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2020, ụlọ ikpe dị elu dị na Mubende wepụrụ nhọpụta Joyce Bagala dị ka nwanyị Mityana so na ndị omeiwu ma kpọọ maka ntuli aka ọhụrụ, na-agbaso arịrịọ nke Minista ala Judith Nabakooba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Independent|first=The|date=2021-10-22|title=High Court nullifies Joyce Bagala's election|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/high-court-nullifies-joyce-bagalas-election/|accessdate=2021-11-06|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Minista nke ala, ụlọ na atụmatụ obodo Judith Nabakooba gbara Bagala akwụkwọ, onye kwuru na ọ bụ ndị na-eme ntụli aka na ndị na-atụ vootu na-emebi vootu&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=newsdayuganda|date=2021-10-22|title=Court nullifies Joyce Bagala as Mityana Woman MP|url=https://newsday.co.ug/2021/10/22/court-nullifies-joyce-bagala-as-mityana-woman-mp/|accessdate=2021-11-06|work=Newsday.co.ug|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211106140642/https://newsday.co.ug/2021/10/22/court-nullifies-joyce-bagala-as-mityana-woman-mp/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==

== Hụkwa ==

== Njikọ mpụga ==

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    <title>Jacob K. Olupona</title>
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Jacob K. Olupona bụ onye Naijiria Amerikan prọfesọ na Harvard Divinity School na nhọpụta jikọrọ aka dị ka Prọfesọ nke Afrikan na Afrikan Amerikan Studies na ngalaba nke Arts and Sciences na Mahadum Harvard.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacob K. Olupona&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jacob K. Olupona|url=https://hds.harvard.edu/people/jacob-k-olupona|work=hds.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Jacob K. Olupona bụ onye ọkà mmụta nke okpukpe ndị Afrịka nke bịara Harvard mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ na Mahadum California, Davis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Biography|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/olupona/biocv|work=scholar.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2022-08-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220814101937/https://scholar.harvard.edu/olupona/biocv}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na nyocha nke omume okpukpe nke otu nde ndị Afrịka a na-eme atụmatụ na ha kwagara na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] n'ime afọ iri ano gara aga, na-enyocha karịsịa ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-anọgide na-adịghị ahụ anya na mpaghara okpukpe Amerika: &quot;ndị ozi ala ọzọ&quot; ndị bịara na US iji guzobe ọgbakọ, ndị Pentikọstal Africa na ọgbakọ Amerika, alaka Amerika nke ụka ndị nweere onwe ha, na obodo okpukpe ndị Afrịka na US Nnyocha mbụ ya gụnyere mmụọ na omume ememe, nnwere onwe, nnwere isi, ememe Pentikọstal, ihe nnọchianya anụmanụ, ihe nnọchiteanya, ihe nnọkọstal [[Eluàlà|America]], ihe oyiyi, ihe oyiyi okpukpe, ihe oyiyi nnwere onwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacob K. Olupona&quot;/&gt;

N'akwụkwọ ya na-abịanụ Ile-Ife: The City of 201 Gods, ọ na-enyocha ngwakọta obodo nke oge a nke ememe, ndị eze, okike, klas, na ike, yana otu nhazi, ọdịnaya, na ihe ọ pụtara nke nkwenkwe na omume okpukpe si abanye na ndụ kwa ụbọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jacob K. Olupona|url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/olupona/home|work=scholar.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-26|archivedate=2019-04-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190415210913/https://scholar.harvard.edu/olupona/home}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O dere ma ọ bụ dezie akwụkwọ asaa ndị ọzọ, gụnyere ochichi Eze,okpukpe na emume  n'ime obodo Naijiria: A Phenomenological Study of Ondo Yoruba Festivals, nke ejirila maka nyocha ethnographic n'etiti obodo ndị na-asụ Yoruba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Olupona named professor of African studies, religion|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2006/04/olupona-named-professor-of-african-studies-religion/|date=2006-04-13|work=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US|accessdate=2020-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Olupona enwetala onyinye site na Guggenheim Foundation, American Philosophical Society, Ford Foundation, [https://chcinetwork.org/members/uc-davis-humanities-institute Davis Humanities Institute], Rockefeller Foundation, Wenner-Gren Foundation, na Getty Foundation.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Akinkugbe|first=Oladipo O.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wi3gDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT248|title=Evolution of Ondo Kingdom Over 500 years (1510-2010+)|date=2014-06-23|publisher=eBook Partnership|isbn=978-978-926-224-3|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na bọọdụ nchịkọta akụkọ nke akwụkwọ akụkọ atọ na dịka onye isi oche nke Afrikan Association for the Study of Religion .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jacob Olupona|url=https://aaas.fas.harvard.edu/people/jacob-olupona|work=aaas.fas.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2020-06-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200610235913/https://aaas.fas.harvard.edu/people/jacob-olupona}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2000, Olupona natara nzere doctorate na chi site na Mahadum Edinburgh na Scotland.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Untitled Document|url=http://orfaleacenter.global.ucsb.edu/luce/luce12/participants/olupona.html|work=orfaleacenter.global.ucsb.edu|accessdate=2020-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Jacob K. Olupona nwetara BA ya na [[University of Nigeria|Mahadum]] Naijiria na MA na Ph.D. ya na Machị Boston.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jacob K. Olupona&quot;/&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Jacob K. Olupona n'ezinụlọ ebe agbụrụ nne na nna ya bụ ndị ụkọchukwu Anglican na ndị na-abụghị Anglican a ma ama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Religion at the Crossroads in Nigeria|url=https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/news/bonds-boundaries-and-bondage-faith-religion-crossroads-nigeria|work=rlp.hds.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-26|archivedate=2019-07-04|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704045805/https://rlp.hds.harvard.edu/news/bonds-boundaries-and-bondage-faith-religion-crossroads-nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọtụtụ ọrụ okpukpe na ụka ọ hụrụ n'ime obodo nta, obodo nta na obodo ukwu ọ tolitere masịrị ya nke ukwuu. Ọ na-ele ka ndị mmadụ na-agwakọta ọdịnala. Ka ọ na-etolite, nghọta nke ọtụtụ okpukpe ọdịnala nke Islam, Iso Ụzọ Kraịst na okpukpe ụmụ amaala meghere ohere maka ịkwaga maka agụmakwụkwọ mbụ ya na echiche na ememe nke eze dị nsọ nke Yoruba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Jacob K. Olupona|url=https://hds.harvard.edu/people/jacob-k-olupona|work=hds.harvard.edu|language=en|accessdate=2020-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Mahadum na 1975 wee mee National Youth Service Corp (NYSC) na [[Ilorin]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bonds, Boundaries, and Bondage of Faith|url=https://wcfia.harvard.edu/publications/bonds-boundaries-and-bondage-faith|author=Olupona|first=Jacob|date=2013|work=wcfia.harvard.edu|accessdate=2020-05-25|archivedate=2021-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325033733/https://wcfia.harvard.edu/publications/bonds-boundaries-and-bondage-faith}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ime afọ ọ na-eje ozi na Ilorin, e gburu Gọvanọ nke Kwara steeti, Colonel Ibrahim Taiwo n'ọchịchị ndị agha yana General Murtala Muhammed nke jupụtara mba ahụ na obi erughị ala na 1976. Ozi ncheta ụka e mere maka ọchịagha na nkwusa nke onye ụkọchukwu Anglican na ihe omume ahụ mere ka echiche ya dị elu. Jacob K. Olupona malitere iche echiche miri emi banyere njikọ nke okpukpe dị iche iche na okpukpe obodo na Naịjirịa. Ihe omume ndị a mere ka ọ nwee ekele maka okpukpe ya na nnwere onwe ife ofufe na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Naịjirịa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bonds, Boundaries, and Bondage of Faith|url=https://wcfia.harvard.edu/publications/bonds-boundaries-and-bondage-faith|author=Olupona|first=Jacob|date=2013|work=wcfia.harvard.edu|accessdate=2020-05-30|archivedate=2021-03-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210325033733/https://wcfia.harvard.edu/publications/bonds-boundaries-and-bondage-faith}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==

* Okpukpe Afrika: Okwu Mmalite Dị Mkpirikpi,  , Oxford University Press, 2014
* ''Okpukpe ndị Afrịka'' na-akwaga Amerika (Mahadum New York 2007)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Pham|first=J. Peter|date=December 2009|title=African Immigrant Religions in America. Edited by Jacob K. Olupona and Regina Gemignani. New York, NY: New York University Press, 2007. viii + 352 pp. $75.00 cloth, $23.00 paper|url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/politics-and-religion/article/african-immigrant-religions-in-america-edited-by-jacob-k-olupona-and-regina-gemignani-new-york-ny-new-york-university-press-2007-viii-352-pp-7500-cloth-2300-paper/A5B2FA69038FB128D7E6EF78D82FF68E|journal=Politics and Religion|language=en|volume=2|issue=3|pages=459–462|doi=10.1017/S1755048309990319|issn=1755-0491}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Orisa Devotion dị ka okpukpe ụwa: Njikọ ụwa nke omenala okpukpe Yoruba&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Bongmba|first=Elias K.|date=2009|title=Orisa Devotion as World Religion: The Globalization of Yoruba Religious Culture - Edited by Jacob Olupona and Terry Rey|journal=Religious Studies Review|volume=35|issue=2|pages=135|doi=10.1111/j.1748-0922.2009.01347_2.x|issn=0319-485X}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* N'elu Primitivism: Omenala Okpukpe nke ụmụ amaala na Modernity (Routledge, 2004)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* Ahụmahụ nke Ebe (Okpukpe nke Ụwa) (Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions 2003)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=MacDonald, Mary N., 1946-|title=Experiences of place|date=2003|publisher=Distributed by Harvard University Press for the Center for the Study of World Religions, Harvard Divinity School|isbn=0-945454-37-6|oclc=51482420}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Mmụọ nke Africa: Ụdị, Ihe Ọ pụtara na Nkwupụta (Herder &amp; Herder, 2001)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/show/401993.Jacob_K_Olupona|title=Jacob K. Olupona|work=www.goodreads.com|accessdate=2017-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ọtụtụ okpukpe n'Africa: Essays in Honour of John S. Mbiti (Mouton de Gruyter, 1993)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Okpukpe na Udo na'' otutu okwukwa Naijiria (African Books Collective Ltd, 1992)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=1996|title=Book Review: Religion and Peace in a Multi-Faith Nigeria|journal=Missiology: An International Review|volume=24|issue=3|pages=426–427|doi=10.1177/009182969602400341|issn=0091-8296}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
* Eze, Okpukpe na Omenala na Obodo Naịjirịa (Almqvist &amp; Wiksell International, 1991)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kingship, religion, and rituals in a Nigerian community : a phenomenological study of Ondo Yoruba festivals / / by Jacob K. Olupọna.|url=https://siris-libraries.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!431308!0|work=siris-libraries.si.edu|accessdate=2020-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Falola|first=Toyin|date=1992|title=OLUPONA, J. K., Kingship, Religion, and Rituals in a Nigerian Community: A Phenomenological Study of Ondo Yoruba Festivals, Stockholm, Almqvist and Wiksell International (Stockholm Studies in Comparative Religion, No. 28), 1991, 195 pp., 91 22 01382 2|journal=Journal of Religion in Africa|volume=22|issue=3|pages=279–280|doi=10.1163/157006692x00266|issn=0022-4200}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Okpukpe ọdịnala Afrika na Contemporary Society (Paragon House, 1991)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
* ''Obodo nke'' 201 Chi: Ilé-Ifè na Oge, Ebe, na Echiche (Mahadum California Press 2011)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://www.ucpress.edu/book.php?isbn=9780520265561|title=City of 201 Gods|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isiokwu Jacob K. Olupona dere ==

* Osun gafee Mmiri: Chi nwanyị Yoruba n'Afrika na Amerịka. Afrikan Affairs 104,416 (2005): 548-550.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olupona|first=Jacob K.|date=2005-07-01|title=Osun across the Waters: A Yoruba goddess in Africa and the Americas, edited by Joseph M. Murphy and Mei-Mei Sanford. Bloomington, IL: Indiana University Press, 2001. x + 273 pp. US$29.95 paperback. ISBN 0-253-21459-9 (paperback).|journal=African Affairs|volume=104|issue=416|pages=548–550|doi=10.1093/afraf/adi059|issn=1468-2621}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Okwu mbido maka ụmụ nwanyị na mpaghara okpukpe Yoruba.  Ed. Oyeronke Olajubu. State University of New York Press, 2003.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Peel|first=J. D. Y.|date=2005|title=OYERONKE OLAJUBU: Women in the Yoruba Religious Sphere. (Foreword by Jacob. K. Olupona.) (McGill Studies in the History of Religions.) xii, 172 pp. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2003. $16.95.|journal=Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies|volume=68|issue=1|pages=182–183|doi=10.1017/s0041977x05640050|issn=0041-977X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nnyocha nke Odun Ifa: Ifa Ememme na Insight na Artism na Nkwupụta Afrika. ''Nnyocha na akwụkwọ'' Afrikan 34.2 (2003): 225-229.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olupona|first=Jacob Obafemi Kehinde|date=2003|title=Odun Ifa: Ifa Festival, and: Insight and Artistry in African Divination (review)|journal=Research in African Literatures|volume=34|issue=2|pages=225–229|doi=10.1353/ral.2003.0044|issn=1527-2044}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ntụle nke Nzukọ Okpukpe na Imepụta nke Yoruba. ''The International Journal of African Historical Studies'' 36.1 (2003): 182-186.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olupona|first=Jacob K.|date=2003|title=Religious Encounter and the Making of the Yoruba|journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies|volume=36|issue=1|pages=182|doi=10.2307/3559350|issn=0361-7882}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Omenala, Eze na Ike n'etiti Ondo-Yoruba nke Naịjirịa. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 810 (1997): 315-336.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olupon|first=Jacob K.|title=Women's Rituals, Kingship and Power Among the Ondo-Yoruba of Nigeria|date=1997|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=810|issue=1 Queens, Queen|pages=315–336|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48133.x|issn=0077-8923}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Akụkọ nke Nzukọ ahụ Ihe Ndị Dị n'Ime: Omenala Okpukpe nke Ụmụ amaala na Modernity. Nọmba 44.3 (1997): 323-345.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olupona|first=Jacob|date=1997|title=Report of the Conference, Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity, March 28-31, 1996, University of California, Davis|journal=Numen|volume=44|issue=3|pages=323–345|doi=10.1163/1568527971655896|issn=0029-5973}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Nnyocha nke omenala okpukpe Yoruba n'echiche akụkọ ihe mere eme. ''Numen'' 40.3 (1993): 240-273.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Olupona|first=Jacob K.|date=1993|title=The Study of Yoruba Religious Tradition in Historical Perspective|journal=Numen|volume=40|issue=3|pages=240–273|doi=10.1163/156852793x00176|issn=0029-5973}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;The spirituality of Africa&quot; The Harvard Gazette (2015).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2015-10-06|title=The spirituality of Africa|url=https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2015/10/the-spirituality-of-africa/|accessdate=2020-11-30|work=Harvard Gazette|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [http://hds.harvard.edu/people/jacob-k-olupona Akụkọ ndụ ndị nkuzi nke Harvard Divinity School]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Portuguese Guinean escudo</title>
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The escudo bụ ego Portuguese Guinea n'etiti 1914 na 1975. Ọ hà nhata na escudo Portuguese ma dochie ezigbo na ọnụego 1000 réis = 1 escudo. E kewara escudo ahụ na 100 centavos. Portugal nyere akwụkwọ ego (malite na 1914) na mkpụrụ ego (malite na 1933) maka ojiji na Portuguese Guinea. Mgbe nnwere onwe gasịrị, peso nọchiri escudo na nha.

== Mkpụrụ ego ==
Na 1933, e webatara mkpụrụ ego n'okpukpe 5, 10, 20 na 50 centavos na 1 escudo. Agbakwunyere mkpụrụ ego nke 2+1⁄2, 10 na 20 escudos na 1952, yana mkpụrụ ego escudos ise ewepụtara na 1973.

== Akwụkwọ ego ==
N'afọ 1914, Banco Nacional Ultramarino wepụtara akwụkwọ ego na 10, 20 na 50 centavos. N'afọ 1921, e webatara nnukwu aha, site na 1 escudo ruo 100 escudos. E wepụtara akwụkwọ ego 500 escudos na 1945, na akwụkwọ ego 1000 escudos e wepụtara na 1964.{{Escudo}}</text>
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    <title>Togolese franc</title>
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'''Franki''' bụ ego nke [[Togo]]. N'agbata afọ N’agbata afọ 1924 na 1956, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego a ga-eji na Togo. Kemgbe 1945, Togo na-eji franc West African CFA.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
N'agbata afọ 1884 na 1914, akara Germany bụ ego nke Togo dịka Germany bụ ike ọchịchị. N'afọ 1914, ndị agha Britain na France weghaara Togo. E kewara Togo n'ime mpaghara abụọ nke Njikọ Mba, ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, akụkụ Britain nabatara pound British West Africa ma mesịa bụrụ akụkụ nke [[Ghana]]. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, n'ókèala France, a nabatara franc French, gbakwunyere na 1924 site na mkpụrụ ego e wepụtara n'aha Mandate Territory of Togo. A na-emepụta mkpụrụ ego ndị a ruo n'oge ruo n'afọ 1956 ma na-ekesa ya na franc CFA site na 1945. Ọ dịghị mkpụrụ ego a na-ekesa kpọmkwem na Togo kemgbe 1956, ọ bụ ezie na mkpụrụ ego 1957 nke French West Africa nwekwara aha Togo.

== Mkpụrụ ego ==
N'afọ 1924, e webatara aluminium-bronze 50 centimes, franc 1 na 2, bụ́ nke e dekwasịrị aha franc ọzọ na 1925 na centimes 50 ahụ kụrụ afọ n'ala ruo 1926. N'afọ 1948, e wepụtara mkpụrụ ego aluminom 1 na franc 2, bụ́ nke a na-emepụtakwa aluminium-bronze. franc na 1956.
 

* Ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke Togo

== Ihe odide ==
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    <title>Mmekọrịta Ijipt na Gris</title>
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Mmekọrịta Egypt-Greece na-ezo aka na '''mmekọrịta''' abụọ dị n'etiti [[Egypt]] na Greece.  N'ihi njikọ ọdịbendị na akụkọ ihe mere eme siri ike n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, Ijipt na Gris taa nwere mmekọrịta enyi na enyi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.in.gr/2021/08/05/politics/aigyptos-allileggyi-stin-ellada-gia-tis-dyskoles-synthikes-tis-pyrkagies/|title=Egypt - Solidarity to Greece for the difficult conditions due to wildfires (original: Αίγυπτος – Αλληλεγγύη στην Ελλάδα για τις δύσκολες συνθήκες με τις πυρκαγιές)|work=in.gr|quote=&quot;Egyptian Foreign Ministry spokesman Ahmed Hafez said in a statement that Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry reaffirmed the strong and historic ties between the two peoples and their everlasting solidarity.&quot;|date=5 August 2021|accessdate=5 August 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; E guzobere mmekọrịta mmekọrịta nke oge a n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ mgbe Gris nwetara nnwere onwe ya na 1830, a na-ewerekwa ya taa dị ka nke ọma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/115030/Egypt/Politics-/Egypt,-Cyprus,-Greece-leaders-talk-EU,-Turkey,-Pal.aspx|title=Egypt, Cyprus, Greece leaders talk EU, Turkey, Palestine|accessdate=8 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mba abụọ ahụ bụ ndị otu na ndị mmekọ n'ọtụtụ òtù mba ụwa dịka [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]], IMF, OSCE, na Union for the Mediterranean. 

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
[[Usòrò:Louxor_Amon_Ra_Alexandre.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Alexander Onye Ukwu dị ka Fero na-ekpegara chi Ijipt Amun ekpere]]
N'ihi njikọ ọdịbendị na akụkọ ihe mere eme siri ike n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, site n'oge ochie ruo n'oge a, ọkachasị kemgbe eze Masedonia Alexander Onye Ukwu kere obodo Alexandria, n'ụsọ oké osimiri Mediterenian nke ọwụwa anyanwụ na ihe nketa bara ọgaranya mere ka njikọ dị n'etiti obodo abụọ ahụ sikwuo ike, na mgbakwunye na usoro ndị eze Ptolemaic nke chịrị Ijipt ruo afọ 275, Ijipt na Gris taa nwere mmekọrịta dị mma ma na-atụle ibe ha n'ụzọ enyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;agreements&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/33551/Egypt-Greece-Cyprus-Model-for-successful-international-cooperation|title=Egypt, Greece, Cyprus: Model for successful international cooperation|work=Egypt Today|date=21 November 2017|accessdate=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ijipt nwekwara obodo ndị Gris, nke ka ukwuu dị n'Aleksandria, nke bụ obodo nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu n'Ijipt taa yana oche nke Greek Orthodox Patriarchate nke Alexandria. 

N'afọ 1825, n'oge Agha Nnwere Onwe nke Gris, Ibrahim Pasha nke Ijipt bịara nyere ndị Ottoman aka ma ọ bụ Agha Navarino na njem Morea manyere ya ịlaghachi azụ. Mgbe 1830, mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ ka mma. N'oge ịrị elu nke Pan-Arab nationalism na mba nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na 1961 na 1963 site na [[Gamal Abdel Nasser]], ọtụtụ n'ime ndị Gris si Egypt kwaga mba ndị ọzọ, dị ka United States, Canada, South Africa na [[Ostraliya|Australia]].

A na-akọwa mmekọrịta ugbu a dị ka atụmatụ ma na-etolite n'akụkụ niile, yana ọtụtụ nkwekọrịta azụmahịa, njem nleta, akụ na ụba na nchekwa nke gọọmentị na ndị isi steeti bịanyere aka na nzukọ ha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/1/110078/FMs-of-Egypt-Greece-Cyprus-France-hail-deep-relations-between|title=FMs of Egypt, Greece, Cyprus, France hail deep relations between their countries|work=Egypt Today|date=19 November 2021|accessdate=4 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;agreements&quot;/&gt; Gris bụ, taa, onye nke isii kachasị etinye ego na mba ọzọ na Egypt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-11/09/c_127192536.htm|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111225419/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-11/09/c_127192536.htm|archivedate=November 11, 2014|title=News Analysis: Egypt, Cyprus and Greece vow to expand cooperation at summit - Xinhua - English.news.cn|accessdate=8 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Saturday 08-11-2014 11:57 AM|url=http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=5562a83a-a50e-4502-ab73-14cc9824fd9a|title=Aswat Masriya - Sisi meets Greek PM ahead of Cairo tripartite summit|publisher=En.aswatmasriya.com|accessdate=2016-10-20|archivedate=2016-04-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428000905/http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=5562a83a-a50e-4502-ab73-14cc9824fd9a}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2019, ndị ọkà mmụta ihe ochie kọrọ na n'ime nnukwu ili abụọ dị na Pylos, ha chọtara ihe, gụnyere ihe nkedo ọla edo nke na-egosi isi nke chi nwanyị Ijipt Hathor, nke na-enye na Pylus, nwere njikọ azụmahịa, nke a na-amaghị na mbụ, na Ijipt na Near East gburugburu 1500 BC.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/17/science/tombs-archaeology-ancient-greece.html|title=Tombs at Ancient Greek Site Were Gold-Lined Chambers|first=Nicholas|author=Wade|work=The New York Times|date=December 17, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Imekọ Ihe Ọnụ ==
Steeti abụọ ahụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ n'ihe gbasara azụmahịa, ụgbọ mmiri, ike, ọdịbendị na njem nleta, ebe Gris bụ nke anọ kachasị etinye ego na Europe na Egypt, ebe ihe karịrị ụlọ ọrụ ndị Gris 208 na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'ahịa Ijipt, ebe Egypt bụ onye nke isii kachasị azụmaahịa na Gris.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Kerry Kolasa-Sikiaridi|url=http://world.greekreporter.com/2016/08/03/greeces-ambassador-to-egypt-greece-is-the-fourth-largest-european-investor-in-egypt/|title=Greece's Ambassador to Egypt: 'Greece Is the Fourth Largest European Investor in Egypt' &amp;#124; News from Greeks in Africa, Asia, and South America|date=3 August 2016|publisher=World.greekreporter.com|accessdate=2016-10-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nzukọ atọ ==
Gris na Ijipt na-enwe nzukọ atọ kwa afọ tinyere Saịprọs, n'ime usoro mmekọrịta atọ nke mba Mediterenian atọ kwekọrịtara na 2014. Nzukọ ndị a na-ezube ịkwalite imekọ ihe ọnụ n'etiti mba atọ ahụ na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, ndị agha, nchekwa, azụmahịa, akụ na ụba, ike, gas, ọkụ eletrik, njem nleta, njem, ọrụ ugbo na gburugburu ebe obibi, yana ịgbaso ọrụ ndị a na'ime usoro imekọ ọrụ. Ọ, kwa, na-achọ ịkwalite mmekọrịta dị iche iche n'etiti mba atọ ahụ. Ka ọ na-erule 2021, e mere nzukọ atọ dị otú ahụ 9 na nke kachasị ọhụrụ na Athens.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/159635/The-9th-Tripartite-Summit-between-Egypt%2C-Greece%2C-and-Cyprus-in-Athens?lang=en-us|title=The 9th Tripartite Summit between Egypt, Greece and Cyprus in Athens|work=sis.gov.eg|date=19 October 2019|accessdate=29 November 2022|archivedate=29 November 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129003152/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/159635/The-9th-Tripartite-Summit-between-Egypt,-Greece,-and-Cyprus-in-Athens?lang=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nzukọ ndị a ma ama ===

==== Nzukọ atọ mbụ na Cairo ====
Onye isi ala Ijipt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, Onye isi ala Saịprọs Nicos Anastasiades, na Praịm Minista Gris Antonis Samaras nwere nzukọ atọ na Cairo na 8 Nọvemba 2014, ebe ndị isi mba atọ ahụ na-edozi nsogbu ndị na-aga n'ihu na mpaghara Middle East na East Mediterranean Sea, ndị isi ọchịchị atọ kwekọrịtara ime ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba atọ ahụ n'ihe gbasara akụ na ụba, nchekwa, njem nleta na ike, yana ịkọwa ókèala mmiri na EEZ na Oké Osimiri Mediterenian.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/11/08/greece-cyprus-represent-egypts-interests-eu/|title=Greece, Cyprus to represent Egypt's interests in EU|work=dailynewsegypt.com|date=November 8, 2014|accessdate=8 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Cairo Summit, gọọmentị Gris na Saịprọs katọrọ mwakpo ndị na-eyi ọha egwu na mpaghara Ijipt na Ugwu Sinai, gosipụtara nkwado ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nye gọọmentị Ijipt, ma kwekọrịta na nkwado ibe n'etiti mba atọ ahụ na òtù na nzukọ mba ụwa, na Gris na Saụprọs na-akwado ọnọdụ Ijipt na European Union.

El-Sisi, Anastasiades na Samaras kwetara na ha ga-agbakwu mbọ itinye ego na mba ọzọ na akụ na ụba na akụrụngwa Ijipt, nke nnupụisi nke Arab Spring tara ahụhụ, na isonye na 2015 Cairo Economic Conference.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/headlines/147962/egypt-greece-greek-cyprus-pledge-to-boost-cooperation|title=Egypt, Greece, Greek Cyprus pledge to boost cooperation - Cyprus - Worldbulletin News|work=World Bulletin|accessdate=8 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nzukọ nke abụọ nke atọ na Nicosia ====
N'ihe na-erughị ọkara afọ kemgbe Nzukọ atọ mbụ, e mere Nzukọ ọhụrụ dị elu na Nicosia, na 29 Eprel 2015, n'etiti ndị isi gọọmentị Saịprọs, Ijipt na Gris. Na Nzukọ Nicosia, onye isi ala Saịprọs Nicos Anastasiades, onye isi oche Ijipt Abdel Fattah el-Sisi na Praịm Minista Gris Alexis Tsipras, kwupụtara ọchịchọ maka ịkwalite mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba atọ ahụ, ma kwekọrịta na mmekọrịta ọzọ n'ihe gbasara òtù mba ụwa, yana n'etiti obodo atọ ahụ. Otu n'ime ihe ndị a tụlere bụ mmepe nke ebe nchekwa hydrocarbon n'Ebe Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Mediterenian, n'akụkụ ókèala mmiri n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ na mpaghara akụ na ụba ha pụrụ iche.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.thecairopost.com/news/148058/news/sisi-greek-cypriot-leaders-to-hold-tripartite-summit-in-nicosia|title=Sisi, Greek, Cypriot leaders to hold tripartite summit in Nicosia|work=Cairo Post|accessdate=8 April 2016|archivedate=1 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501210728/http://www.thecairopost.com/news/148058/news/sisi-greek-cypriot-leaders-to-hold-tripartite-summit-in-nicosia}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wednesday 29-04-2015 01:03 PM|url=http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=28adc17d-9394-4b5d-ab06-dd37e52c9cc1|title=Aswat Masriya - Sisi holds summit with Cypriot counterpart in Nicosia|publisher=En.aswatmasriya.com|date=2015-04-29|accessdate=2016-10-20|archivedate=2015-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527042927/http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=28adc17d-9394-4b5d-ab06-dd37e52c9cc1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.cyprusnewsreport.com/?q=node/8444|title=CyprusNewsReport.Com|accessdate=8 April 2016|archivedate=27 May 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527040044/http://www.cyprusnewsreport.com/?q=node/8444}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nleta dị elu ==
Onye isi ala na Minista na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ bụ Evangelos Venizelos gara Ijipt nleta n'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Septemba n'afọ 2014, na mgbalị iji mee ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ sikwuo ike. Na Cairo, Venizelos zutere ndị ọrụ gọọmentị ma kwurịta okwu dị iche iche gbasara ọdịmma onwe onye, dị ka itinye ego mba ọzọ na mba ahụ, azụmahịa, na nkekọrịta echiche banyere ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Middle East, nke na-emetụta ma na-emetụ mba abụọ ahụ (Mediterranean), yana ịhazi okwu gbasara ọdịmma ibe dịka ịkọwa ókèala EEZ n'etiti mba abụọ ahụ, na ịkwalite mmekọrịta dị n'etiti gọọmentị abụọ ahụ na nzukọ mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.tovima.gr/en/article/?aid=528791|title=Venizelos to visit Egypt|author=TO BHMA International|date=5 September 2013|work=TO BHMA International|accessdate=8 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Onye isi ala nke Gris, Prokopis Pavlopoulos, gara nleta gọọmentị na Ijipt na 24 Eprel 2015, na mgbalị iji mee ka mmekọrịta Gris na Ijipt sie ike, na ime ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti gọọmentị nke mba abụọ ahụ sie ike, ma dozie ihe gbasara ọdịmma ibe ya, dị ka ọnọdụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Middle East na mbata iwu na-akwadoghị nke metụtara mba abụọ ahụ (Mediterranean), yana ịkọwa ókèala mmiri dị n'ime mba abụọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://greece.greekreporter.com/2015/04/24/president-pavlopoulos-meets-egyptian-counterpart/|title=President Pavlopoulos meets Egyptian counterpart - GreekReporter.com|author=A. Makris|date=24 April 2015|accessdate=8 April 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.abnaorg.eu/greek-president-praises-cooperation-between-greece-egypt-and-cyprus/|title=Greek President praises cooperation between Greece, Egypt and Cyprus - ABNA-SE - the Association of the Balkan News Agencies – Southeast Europe|accessdate=2015-05-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527064149/http://www.abnaorg.eu/greek-president-praises-cooperation-between-greece-egypt-and-cyprus/|archivedate=2015-05-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị nnọchi anya mba ọzọ ==
[[Usòrò:Attica_06-13_Athens_06_Egyptian_Embassy.jpg|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb|Ebe nnọchi anya Ijipt na Atens]]

* Ijipt nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Atens na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Thessaloniki.
* Gris nwere ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya na Cairo na onye nnọchiteanya-ọchịchị na Alexandria.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/egypt.html Embassy of Greece in Cairo]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwekọrịta ụgbọ mmiri 2020 ==
N'abalị isii n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ 2020, Egypt na Greece bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta maka mpaghara akụ na ụba pụrụ iche (EEZ) nke mba abụọ ahụ. Isi ihe mere mba ndị ahụ ji kpebie ịbịanye aka na nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ ịkagbu nkwekọrịta ụgbọ mmiri nke mba ụwa na nke a katọrọ nke ukwuu na [[Libya]] (GNA) - Turkey kamakwa iji belata esemokwu na Eastern Medditerenean. Turkey meghachiri omume ngwa ngwa na nkwekọrịta abụọ ahụ, site n'ịkpọ ya 'enweghị' n'ihi na ọ na-emegide nkwekọrịta nke Turkey na GNA nke Libya bịanyere aka. Nkwekọrịta ahụ mere ka mmekọrịta Egypt na Gris sie ike, ihe ndị praịm minista abụọ ahụ kwuru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ekathimerini.com/255561/article/ekathimerini/news/egypt-and-greece-sign-agreement-on-exclusive-economic-zone-egyptian-fm-says|title=Egypt and Greece sign agreement on exclusive economic zone, Egyptian FM says &amp;#124; Kathimerini|work=www.ekathimerini.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news.gr/kosmos/article/2318925/tourkiko-ipex-aniparkti-i-simfonia-elladas-egiptou.html|title=Τουρκικό ΥΠΕΞ: Ανύπαρκτη η συμφωνία Ελλάδας-Αιγύπτου|date=August 6, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asaa n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ, ndị omeiwu Gris kwadoro nkwekọrịta ụgbọ mmiri na Ijipt.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-greece-egypt-parliament-turkey/greek-parliament-ratifies-maritime-accord-with-egypt-idUSKBN25N2M2|title=Greek parliament ratifies maritime accord with Egypt|work=Reuters|date=27 August 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka oge na-aga, Ngalaba [[Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu|UN]] maka Ihe Ndị Dị n'Oké Osimiri na Iwu Oké Osimiri bipụtara nkwekọrịta ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/los/LEGISLATIONANDTREATIES/PDFFILES/TREATIES/GRCEGY.pdf|title=Agreement between the Government of the Hellenic Republic and the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt on the delimitation of the exclusive economic zone between the two countries|work=un.org|date=24 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Usoro mmekorita ndị agha nke 2021 ==
N'ọnwa Eprel 2021, Gris, Saịprọs na Ijipt bịanyere aka na mmemme mmekọrịta agha atọ, iji melite ma melite mmekọrịta agha n'etiti mba ndị a.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.thenationalherald.com/cyprus_politics/arthro/greece_cyprus_and_egypt_sign_trilateral_military_cooperation_program_for_2021-2154156/|title=Greece, Cyprus and Egypt Sign Trilateral Military Cooperation Program for 2021|work=The National Herald|date=7 April 2021|accessdate=17 June 2023|archivedate=1 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501015121/https://www.thenationalherald.com/cyprus_politics/arthro/greece_cyprus_and_egypt_sign_trilateral_military_cooperation_program_for_2021-2154156/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndị Gris nọ n'Ijipt

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Ebe e si nweta ya ==

* {{Cite book|first=Angelos|author=Dalachanis|title=The Greek Exodus from Egypt: Diaspora Politics and Emigration 1937-1962|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HuClDAAAQBAJ|year=2017|location=London|publisher=Berghann|isbn=978-1-78533-447-4}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://www.mfa.gr/en/bilateral-relations/egypt/ Ngalaba na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ na Gris gbasara mmekọrịta ya na Ijipt]
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{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width: 210px; float: right; clear: right; margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em&quot;
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-above&quot; style=&quot;font-size:115%&quot; |External video
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; |[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|link=|alt=video icon|16x16px]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHoy8xFPNZA “Meet Associate Professor Julie Arblaster”], [[Monash University]], Jan 21, 2020.
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;infobox-full-data&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; |[[File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg|link=|alt=video icon|16x16px]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFDFG7F9muE “Julie Arblaster - Bureau of Meteorology - the effects of ozone on surface climate“], Department of Agriculture Water and the Environment, Oct 2, 2012
|}
'''Julie Michelle Arblaster''' bụ onye sayensị mba Australia. Ọ bụ ọkà nkuzi na School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment na Mahadum Monash. Ọ bụ onye edemede na-enye aka na akụkọ nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) bụ otu onye natara 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nobel&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NCAR Authors &amp; Reviewers for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Honors and Awards|date=March 16, 2010|url=https://news.ucar.edu/1677/ncar-authors-reviewers-intergovernmental-panel-climate-change|work=NCAR &amp; UCAR News|accessdate=29 December 2020|archivedate=29 August 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829125344/https://news.ucar.edu/1677/ncar-authors-reviewers-intergovernmental-panel-climate-change}}&lt;/ref&gt; Arblaster bụ onye isi edemede na Isi nke 12 nke IPCC Working Group I nyere aka na IP CC Fifth Assessment Report na 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;C12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=WORKING GROUP I CONTRIBUTION TO THE IPCC FIFTH ASSESSMENT REPORTCLIMATE CHANGE 2013: THE PHYSICAL SCIENCE BASIS Final Draft Underlying Scientific-Technical Assessment|url=http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_Chapter12.pdf|work=Climate Change 2013|accessdate=29 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ natara ihe nrite nke 2014 Anton Hales Medal maka nyocha na sayensị ụwa site na Australian Academy of Science, n'afọ 2017 Priestley Medals site n'aka [[Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society]].  A họpụtara ya dị ka otu n'ime ndị Top Influential Earth Scientists nke afọ 2010-2020, site n'ihi ọrụ ịma na ọrụ mkparịtaụka yaị&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;/&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
Arblaster tolitere na Swan Hill, na mpaghara Loddon Mallee nke Victoria, mba Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whyte&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Whyte|first=Merryl|title=Celebrating local science: Julie Arblaster|url=https://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2014/08/20/4070762.htm|accessdate=28 December 2020|work=ABC Local|date=20 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Victoria's Loddon Mallee Region|url=https://www.rdv.vic.gov.au/victorias-regions/loddon-mallee|work=Victoria State Government|date=17 May 2018|accessdate=28 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; O nwetara nzere bachelọ nke teknụzụ na sayensị ikuku, na Mahadum Macquarie, Sydney, nakwa n'afọ 1995 e nyere ya nzere nke Ogo mbụ (First Class Honours), kwa na Маhadụ Maccuarie. Ndị nlekọta nzere ya bụ Bryant McAvaney na Ann Henderson-Sellers.&lt;ref name=&quot;UCAR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Julie Arblaster|url=https://www.cgd.ucar.edu/ccr/jma/cv2015.pdf|work=UCAR (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research)|accessdate=28 December 2020|archivedate=2 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402205809/https://www.cgd.ucar.edu/ccr/jma/cv2015.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Site n'afọ 1997 ruo n'afọ 1999 Arblaster gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Colorado, USA, ebe ọ nwetara MSc na Atmospheric na Oceanic Sciences. Akwụkwọ edemede ya nke nzere Masters, nke Gerald Meehl (National Center for Atmospheric Research) na Andrew Moore (University of Colorado) lekọtara, akpọrọ &quot;Interdecadal modulation of Australian climate in the Parallel Climate Model&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;UCAR&quot;/&gt;

Site n'afọ 2007 ruo n'afọ 2013 Arblaster gụsịrị akwụkwọ nzere PhD ya na School of Earth Sciences, Mahadum Melbourne, Australia. Ndị nlekọta PhD ya bụ David Karoly, Ian Simmonds (Mahadum Melbourne) na Gerald Meehl. Isiokwu edemede ya bụ &quot;Drivers of Southern Hemisphere Climate Change&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Whyte&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;PhD2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Arblaster|first=Julie Michelle|title=Drivers of Southern Hemisphere climate change|url=https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/handle/11343/38243|work=University of Melbourne|accessdate=28 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;UCAR&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Site n'afọ 1999 ruo n'afọ 2003, Prọfesọ Julie Arblaster rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị na National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). N'afọ 2003, ọ laghachiri mba Australia, na-arụ ọrụ na NCAR na Bureau of Meteorology na Melbourne. Prọfesọ Arblaster rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye isi nchọpụta sayensị site n'afọ 2003 ruo n'afọ 2016 na otu usoro mgbanwe ihu igwe na The Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, nke bụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation na Bureau of Meteorology. Ọ ka na-arụkọ ọrụ nyocha ya na otu amụma mgbanwe ihu igwe na NCAR. N'afọ 2016, Prọfesọ Arblaster sonyeere ụlọakwụkwọ nke School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment na Mahadum Monash dị na Melbourne, Australia.&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Monash&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Julie Arblaster|url=https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/julie-arblaster|work=Monash University|accessdate=29 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kwalitere ya ka ọ bụrụ Prọfesọ zuru oke n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pitman&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Pitman|first=Andy|title=Director's Report – August 2020|url=https://www.climateextremes.org.au/directors-report-august-2020/|work=Climate Extremes|accessdate=29 December 2020|date=August 14, 2020|archivedate=3 March 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210303121044/https://www.climateextremes.org.au/directors-report-august-2020/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmasị nyocha ==
Arblaster zụlitere inwe mmasị na ọmụmụ ihe gbasara ikuku n'ime afọ mbụ nke nzere sayensị ya, ma mesịa gbanwee uche ya na nzere ya iji mụọ sayensi ikuku. N'oge ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ, ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ n'afọ ndị ọzọ na Bureau of Meteorology, nke kpaliri ya ịmụtakwu banyere usoro ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;Australian Bureau of Meteorology, [http://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/58/so-whats-it-like-to-be-an-ipcc-lead-author/ So what's it like to be an IPCC lead author?]&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnyocha Arblaster na-elekwasị anya na usoro ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na ụzọ mgbanwe ihu ọha gara aga, nke na nso nso a na nke ga-abịa n'ọdịnihu. N'afọ 2009, o so dee akwụkwọ jikọta obere mgbanwe na ọrụ anyanwụ n'oge afọ 11 nke okirikiri anyanwụ na usoro dị na stratosphere na oké osimiri. N'ịmepụta ihe karịrị otu narị afọ nke data, ndị nchọpụta nwere ike ịkọ ọdịdị ihu igwe mpaghara dị ka mmiri ozuzo nke India na mmiri mmiri zoro n'oge oyi na North America. Nsonaazụ ahụ gosikwara na a pụghị ịkọwa ịdọ aka ná ntị zuru ụwa ọnụ nke ọma site na okirikiri anyanwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fogarty&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Fogarty|first=David|title=Study says shines light on sun spot-climate link|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSSP506068|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=Reuters|date=August 27, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ịchọpụta na ikewapụ mmetụta nke obere mgbanwe stratospheric bụ nzọụkwụ dị mkpa n'ịmepụta ụdị amụma ziri ezi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Solar Cycle Linked to Global Climate, Drives Events Similar to El Nino, La Nina|date=August 4, 2009|url=https://news.ucar.edu/810/solar-cycle-linked-global-climate-drives-events-similar-el-nino-la-nina|work=National Center for Atmospheric Research|publisher=SpaceRef|accessdate=29 December 2020|archivedate=1 April 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210401052333/https://news.ucar.edu/810/solar-cycle-linked-global-climate-drives-events-similar-el-nino-la-nina}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Arblaster na-eji ụdị ihu igwe iji ghọta mgbanwe na Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation dị ka Southern Annular Mode (SAM) na Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), na'ịgwakọta mgbanwe okpomọkụ na oke ihu ọha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Extremes&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Researchers Warn: Extraordinarily Warm Temperatures Above Antarctica Cause Hot and Dry Extremes in Australia|url=https://scitechdaily.com/researchers-warn-extraordinarily-warm-temperatures-above-antarctica-cause-hot-and-dry-extremes-in-australia/|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=SciTechDaily|date=October 14, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kramer&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Kramer|first=David|title=What caused Australia's disastrous wildfires? It's complicated|journal=Physics Today|date=1 March 2020|volume=73|issue=3|pages=26–29|doi=10.1063/PT.3.4428}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hickey&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Hickey|first=Hannah|title=Long-term Pacific climate cycle linked to expansion of Antarctic sea ice|url=https://www.washington.edu/news/2016/07/05/long-term-pacific-climate-cycle-linked-to-expansion-of-antarctic-sea-ice/|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=UW News|date=July 5, 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Conversation&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=Human hands are all over Australia's hottest ever year|url=https://theconversation.com/human-hands-are-all-over-australias-hottest-ever-year-32267|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=The Conversation|date=September 29, 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Arblaster nwere mmasị na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mgbake a tụrụ anya ya nke oghere ozone Antarctic n&quot;ime iri afọ na-abịanụ na mmụba nke gas na atụmatụ ihu igwe n-abịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hossaini&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Hossaini|first=Ryan|title=The increasing threat to stratospheric ozone from dichloromethane|journal=Nature Communications|date=December 2017|volume=8|issue=1|pages=15962|doi=10.1038/ncomms15962|pmid=28654085}}&lt;/ref&gt; 
Ọ na-emepụta ihe nlereanya ndị nwere ike igosi ohere nke ihe omume ihu igwe siri ike na onyinye nke mgbanwe ihu ọha nke mmadụ kpatara na ihe ndị dị otú ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Readfearn&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Readfearn|first=Graham|title=A change in the weather: new demand for TV presenters to include climate in forecasts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/05/a-change-in-the-weather-new-demand-for-tv-presenters-to-include-climate-in-forecasts|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=The Guardian|date=4 Dec 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Powell&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Powell|first=Sian|title=Julie Arblaster, climate scientist|url=http://www.sianpowell.com/julie-arblaster-climate-scientist.html|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=The Australian|date=25 Sep 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Arblaster bụ onye edemede na-enye aka na Working Group I nyere aka n'ihe ndekọ nyocha nke anọ nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007, na onye isi edemede na Isi nke 12, Long-term Climat Change: Projections, Commitments and Irreversibility, nke Working Groupe I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/ Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the IPCC]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;C12&quot;/&gt; Isiokwu a nyochara ihe akaebe dịnụ iji ghọta etu ihu igwe ụwa nwere ike isi gbanwee n'etiti narị afọ a na karịa. N'ụzọ doro anya, akụkọ IPCC a bụ nke mbụ na-akọwapụta carbon dioxide ole ọzọ nwere ike ịpụta iji mee ka okpomọkụ ụwa dị n'okpuru ọnụ ụzọ ụfọdụ.&lt;ref&gt;Arblaster &amp; Canadell, [http://theconversation.com/setting-a-carbon-budget-to-keep-below-two-degrees-18841 Setting a carbon budget to keep below two degrees], The Conversation&lt;/ref&gt;

Arblaster bụ onye otu World Climate Research Programme Stratospheric-Tropospherric Processes na ọrụ ha na Climate (SPARC) otu nduzi sayensị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Austin|first=Sara L.|title=Top Influential Earth Scientists Today (2010-2020)|url=https://academicinfluence.com/articles/people/influential-earth-scientists-today#arblaster|work=Academic Influence|accessdate=29 December 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye edemede na Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014 site na World Meteorological Organization na ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/csd/assessments/ozone/ WMO/UNEP Scientific Assessments of Ozone Depletion]&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị ihu igwe kachasị ọhụrụ na-atụ aro na mmetụta na &quot;mmetụta ihu ọha&quot; nwere ike ịdị njọ karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya na mbụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gergis&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gergis|first=Joëlle|title=Witnessing the unthinkable|url=https://www.themonthly.com.au/issue/2020/july/1593525600/jo-lle-gergis/witnessing-unthinkable#mtr|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=The Monthly|date=July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Grose&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Grose|first=Michael|title=Latest Climate Models Suggest Heat Could Be Worse Than We Thought|url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2020/05/latest-climate-models-suggest-heat-could-be-worse-than-we-thought/|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=Gizmodo|date=May 18, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Arblaster bụ onye bịanyere aka na nkwupụta nke afọ 2020 site n'aka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị 423 nke mba Australia bụ ndị kwenyesiri ike na &quot;ihe akaebe sayensi na-ejikọta mgbanwe ihu igwe nke mmadụ kpatara na ihe ize ndụ na ụba nke ọkụ ọhịa na ala Australia&quot; ma kpọọ gọọmentị Australia &quot;ịmepụta ụkpụrụ ndị sayị maara iji lụso mgbanwe ọnọdụ ihu ọha nke ụmụ mmadụ mere ọgụ&quot; na &quot;belata ngụkọta gas na mba Australia&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cosmos&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=No resilient Australia without emission cuts|url=https://cosmosmagazine.com/there-is-no-strong-resilient-australia-without-deep-cuts-to-greenhouse-gas-emissions/|accessdate=29 December 2020|work=Cosmos|date=5 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkwanye ùgwù ==
N'afọ 2014, ndị òtù Australian Academy of Science nyere Arblaster ihe nrite Anton Hales maka nyocha na sayensị ụwa. Ihe nrite a gosipụtara nyocha Arblaster banyere usoro ihu igwe zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmetụta ya na mgbanwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hales&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=2014 awardees|url=https://www.science.org.au/past-winners/2014-awardees#hales|work=Australian Academy of Science|accessdate=29 December 2020|archivedate=22 October 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022020138/https://www.science.org.au/past-winners/2014-awardees#hales}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2017, Arblaster ritere ihe nrite Priestley site na Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society.&lt;ref name=&quot;AMOS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=2020|title=Priestley Medal|url=https://www.amos.org.au/activities/awards/priestley-medal/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507101646/https://www.amos.org.au/activities/awards/priestley-medal/|archivedate=2020-05-07|accessdate=2020-08-09|work=Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Arblaster bụ onye edemede na-enye aka na akụkọ nke IPCC nkeIPCC bụ otu onye natara 2007 Nobel Peace Prize.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nobel&quot;/&gt;

== Ndị otu ọkachamara ==

* [[Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society]]&lt;ref name=&quot;AMOS&quot;/&gt;
* American Meteorological Society&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot;/&gt;
* American Geophysical Union&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot; /&gt;
* Ntanetị ụmụ nwanyị sayensị ụwa&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot; /&gt;
* Usoro nyocha ihu igwe nke ụwa Stratospheric-Tropospherical na ọrụ ha na ihu ihu ọha (SPARC)&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot; /&gt;
* Ụmụ nwanyị na Network nke Nnyocha Sayensị&lt;ref name=&quot;Austin&quot; /&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

* {{Cite journal|author=Meehl|first=Gerald A.|title=Atlantic and Pacific tropics connected by mutually interactive decadal-timescale processes|journal=Nature Geoscience|date=14 December 2020|volume=14|pages=36–42|doi=10.1038/s41561-020-00669-x}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Stone|first=Alvin|title=Research brief: The interaction of ocean basins may improve long-term climate predictions|date=December 17, 2020|url=https://climateextremes.org.au/research-brief-the-interaction-of-ocean-basins-may-improve-long-term-climate-projections/|work=Climate Extremes}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite book|author=World Meteorological Organization (WMO)|title=Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2014|date=2014|publisher=World Meteorological Organization|location=Geneva, Switzerland|url=http://large.stanford.edu/courses/2017/ph240/xiao-m1/docs/wmo-55-dec14.pdf}}
* [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &quot;Mgbanwe ihu igwe ogologo oge: atụmatụ, nkwa na enweghị ike ịgbanwe&quot;. Na Mgbanwe ihu igwe 2013: The Physical Science Basis. ''Enyemaka nke Working Group I na'' Fifth Assessment Report nke Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, ed. TF Stocker, D Qin, GK Plattner, M Tignor, SK Allen, na ndị ọzọ peeji nke 1029 Von 1136. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lahn&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lahn|first=Bård|title=Changing climate change: The carbon budget and the modifying-work of the IPCC|journal=Social Studies of Science|date=16 July 2020|volume=51|issue=1|pages=3–27|doi=10.1177/0306312720941933|pmid=32669042}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* {{Cite journal|author=Arblaster|first=Julie M.|title=Contributions of External Forcings to Southern Annular Mode Trends|journal=Journal of Climate|date=15 June 2006|volume=19|issue=12|pages=2896–2905|doi=10.1175/JCLI3774.1|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/241246380}}

== Ebensidee ==
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://research.monash.edu/en/persons/julie-arblaster Peeji profaịlụ nyocha nke Mahadum Monash]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20220610222834/https://www.cgd.ucar.edu/ccr/jma/cv2015.pdf UCAR Research ọkà mmụta sayensị peeji]
* Julie Arblaster publications indexed by Google Scholar
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140815064139/http://www.science.org.au/events/science-shine-dome-2014/schedule/2014-05-28 Dr Julie Arblaster na-ekwu maka &quot;Ozone hole na mgbanwe ihu igwe&quot; na Australian Academy of Science - mpịakọta na njikọ vidiyo]
* [http://media.bom.gov.au/social/blog/58/so-whats-it-like-to-be-an-ipcc-lead-author/ Dr Julie Arblaster na-ekwu maka ihe omume ihu igwe siri ike - mpịakọta na njikọ vidiyo]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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    <title>Ihe igwe ihe nke Osimiri Powell</title>
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      <text bytes="2474" sha1="ihn68v3o6vurwraepsaed61bzd0ht2w" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Catalyst Paper Mill (9360080781).jpg|thumb|Ihe igwe ihe nke Osimiri Powell ]]
 

Powell River Mill bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ dị n'obodo Canada nke Powell River, British Columbia. Akụkụ nke Catalyst Paper, ihe igwe ihe ahụ nwere ígwè ọrụ akwụkwọ atọ nke na-emepụta tọn 469,000 nke akwụkwọ akụkọ na akwụkwọ dị mma na-enweghị mkpuchi. Ihe igwe ihe ahụ nwere ndị ọrụ 441 ka ọ na-erule afọ 2014.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.catalystpaper.com/fact-sheets/powell-river|title=Our Mills: Powell River, BC|publisher=[[Catalyst Paper]]|date=May 2014|format=PDF|accessdate=9 July 2015|archivedate=9 November 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131109153320/http://www.catalystpaper.com/fact-sheets/powell-river}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Ụlọ ọrụ''' Powell River Company guzobere ihe igwe ihe ahụ na 1912 dị ka onye mbụ na-emepụta akwụkwọ akụkọ na Western Canada.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.catalystpaper.com/sites/default/files/node_uploads/page/attachments/ourhistory_factsheet.pdf|title=Our history: Over a century of papermaking|publisher=[[Catalyst Paper]]|date=January 2015|format=PDF|accessdate=9 July 2015|archivedate=9 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709191858/http://www.catalystpaper.com/sites/default/files/node_uploads/page/attachments/ourhistory_factsheet.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ka ọ na-erule afọ 1913, ọ nwere ígwè ọrụ akwụkwọ abụọ, na anọ ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na 1917.&lt;ref name=&quot;christie&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.pulpandpapercanada.com/news/looking-west-historical-overview-of-the-industry-in-bc/1000141957/?&amp;er=NA|title=Looking West: Historical Overview of the Industry in BC|author=Christie|first=Doug|date=1 January 2004|work=Pulp and Paper Canada|accessdate=9 July 2015|archivedate=9 July 2015|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150709192606/http://www.pulpandpapercanada.com/news/looking-west-historical-overview-of-the-industry-in-bc/1000141957/?&amp;er=NA}}&lt;/ref&gt; E jikọtara ụlọ ọrụ Powell River na MacMillan Bloedel na 1960. Nchịkọta ahụ gafere na Pacifica Papers na 1998, nke Norske Skog Canada zụrụ ọzọ na 2001, na-aghọ Catalyst Paper na 2005. Ugbu a mechiri kpamkpam.&lt;ref name=&quot;history&quot; /&gt;

== Ihe odide ==
{{Commons category|Powell River Mill}}
{{Reflist}}&lt;div class=&quot;reflist&quot;&gt;
&lt;references responsive=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;{{Catalyst Paper}}{{Norske Skog}}</text>
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    <title>NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship</title>
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      <text bytes="4072" sha1="hrzyjzy0umbypz1nal55pl94vlk0mdn" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:NWA World Heavyweight Championship belt 2012.jpg|thumb|NWA World Heavyweight Championship]]
 

NWA Worlds Heavyweight Asọmpi bụ Rio ịgba mgba mgba nke mba ụwa nwere ma kwalite ya nke National Wrestling Alliance (NWA), nkwalite ịgba mgba mgba mgba .  Onye mmeri ugbu a bụ EC3, bụ onye na-achị mbụ ya.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.legacyofwrestling.com/NWA_History.html|title=National Wrestling Alliance History|work=www.legacyofwrestling.com|accessdate=March 4, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;Ọ bụ ebe na e hiwere ya na 1948, usoro ọkụ ya ka agbadogoro azụ na mgba mgba mgba nke ụwa mbụ, nke usoro mgbasa ya na aha mbụ George Hackenschmidt na 1905. Ọ bụrụ na a na-eme ka ọ mgba mgba mgba  kacha ochie n'ụwa.

.Aha ahụ ahụ dị ka ụgbụ mba ụwa nke òtù na-achị achị ma bụrụ onye mpi ọtụtụ ihe nkwalite gburugburu ụwa, Capitol Wrestling Corporation (nke kewapụrụ na NWA wee bụ World Wide Wrestling Federation, ugbu a WWE), All Japan Pro Wrestling  (AJPW).  ), New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW), Total Nstop Action Wrestling (TNA, ugbu a Impact Wrestling), Ring of Honor (ROH), Combat Zone Wrestling (CZW) na American Wrestling Association (AWA), Jim Crockett.  Nkwalite (JCP), (nke e Core World Championship Wrestling, WCW), Eastern Championship Wrestling (ECW, later Extreme Championship Wrestling), World Class Championship Wrestling (WCCW), na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-agbagọ mgba mgba.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.fightful.com/wrestling/report-nwa-roh-no-longer-working-together-nick-aldis-no-longer-advertised-summer-supercard|title=Report: NWA &amp; ROH No Longer Working Together; Nick Aldis Not Advertised For Summer Supercard|accessdate=August 4, 2019|work=Fightful}}&lt;/ref&gt;  N'October 2017, Billy Corgan ọhụrụ òtù na-achị isi nke NWA wee jiri ngwaọrụ nkwalite mgba mgba na NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship dị ka aha mbụ ya.

N'ebuwanye nkwalite mpaghara n'ofe United States, e hiwere NWA na 1948 dị ka otu ọkpọ mgba mgba.  Emebere NWA World Heavyweight Championship n'otu afụ ahụ.  Cleveland franchise, egwu ndị a nwere nhọrọ nke ịbụ otu NWA.  Nkwalite ndị otu ga-amata onye NWA World Heavyweight Champion dị ka onye mmeri ụwa ebe ha na-ejigide ikike àmà echebe elu nke ha.  Kwa afɔ, NWA World Heavyweight Champion ga-eme njem na mpaghara ọ echebe wee chebe aha ya megide onye na-awụ mpi ma ọ bụ onye mmeri nke mpaghara.  muhim nke onye mmeri ụwa NWA bụ ime ka ndị mgba mgba na mpaghara ọ ALA dị mma, ma na-akwado nke aha ụwa.  Ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ NWA, nke ndị na-adịghị ndị nwe mpaghara, ihe mgbe aha aka site na votu.

Na June 14, 1957 na Chicago, Thesz gbachitere aha ụwa megide onye mgba Canada Édouard Carpentier na egwuregwu abụọ n'ime atọ .  Thesz na Carpentier kewara abụọ mbụ.  N'ime ike nke atọ, onye ọka ikpe Ed Whalen ịchụpụrụ Thesz onye weliri aka Carpentier na mmeri.  Ndị NWA ikpeazụ mebie aha ahụ dabere na ike ikike.  Thesz meri Carpentier site na ntozu na mgbagharị Montreal na Julaị 24. E mere mmemme na NWA ga- agha Thesz na Carpentier dị ka ndị na-ahọ mpi n'obodo dị iche iche na-agba ọsọ yiri nke ahụ na- aha na-aga  nke ọma n'etiti Thesz na Leo Nomellini na 1955. Carpentier foto ike ime ka ọ pụta ìhè na US dị ka onye mmeri mgbe Thesz nọ na njem njem esenidụt.  Otú ọ dị, n'ihi dị iche iche n'ime NWA, onye njikwa Carpentier, onye na- ibu mgba mgba Eddie Quinn, ngwá ọrụ ahụ n'August na-eme ka Carpentier mba na NWA.  Òtù ahụ lebara aha ahụ anya site n'ịkpọsa ụbọchị 71 mgbe mmeri Carpentier meri na Chicago na ọ maghị mmeri nke Carpentier na ọ dịghị mgbe ọ rụpụtara ya .  Quinn mgbagwoju Carpentier dị ka ezigbo onye mmeri ụwa NWA dabere na egwuregwu ya na Thesz.  Na 1958, Quinn akara ahaha Carpentier gburugburu ndị na-tilmaam pụtara NWA.  Mmeri emeri Carpentier nwere ike inye onye mmeri obodo ikike ịkwenye na mgba mgba mgba n'ụwa.</text>
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    <title>Joseph Yieleh Chireh</title>
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{{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=Hon.|name=Joseph Yieleh Chireh|honorific-suffix=|image=|alt=|caption=|order=|office=Member of Parliament for [[Wa West (Ghana parliament constituency)|Wa West Constituency]]|term_start=|term_end=|president=|predecessor=|successor=|constituency_MP1=|parliament1=Ghana|majority1=|term_start1=|term_end1=|president1=|predecessor1=|successor1=&lt;!--Can be repeated up to eight times by adding a number--&gt;|prior_term=|order2=|office2=|term_start2=|term_end2=|president2=|predecessor2=|successor2=|order3=&lt;!--Can be repeated up to eight times by changing the number--&gt;|office3=|term_start3=7 January 2005|term_end3=6 January 2021|president3=|predecessor3=''New Constituency''|successor3=[[Peter Lanchene Toobu]]|office4=Minister for Health|term_start4=Jan 2011|term_end4=Jan 2012|president4=[[John Atta Mills]]|predecessor4=[[Benjamin Kunbuor]]|successor4=[[Alban Bagbin]]|office5=Minister for Local Government and Rural Development|term_start5=Feb 2009|term_end5=Jan 2011|president5=[[John Atta Mills]]|predecessor5=[[Kwadwo Adjei-Darko]]|successor5=[[Samuel Ofosu-Ampofo]]|office6=[[Ambassador]] to [[Algeria]]|term_start6=1997|term_end6=2001|president6=[[Jerry Rawlings]]|predecessor6=|successor6=|office7=Minister for the [[Upper West Region]]|term_start7=Feb 1993|term_end7=Jan 1997|president7=[[Jerry Rawlings]]|predecessor7=Yelibora Antumini|successor7=[[Amin Amidu Sulemana|Amidu Sulemana]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1954|07|8|df=y}}|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|restingplace=|restingplacecoordinates=|birthname=|nationality=[[Ghanaian nationality law|Ghanaian]]{{flagicon|GHA}}&amp;nbsp;|party=[[National Democratic Congress (Ghana)|National Democratic Congress]]|otherparty=&lt;!--For additional political affiliations--&gt;|spouse=|partner=&lt;!--For those with a domestic partner and not married--&gt;|relations=|children=4|residence=|alma_mater={{unbulleted|[[Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology]]|[[Ghana School of Law]]}}|occupation=|profession=Lawyer, Pharmacist|cabinet=|committees=Subsidiary Legislation Committee	
Local Government and Rural Development Committee	
Appointments Committee(7th Parliament of 4th Republic of Ghana)|portfolio=|signature=|signature_alt=|website=|footnotes=}}{{Databox}}
'''Joseph Yieleh Chireh''' (amụrụ na 8 Julaị 1954) bụ [[Ghana|onye Ghana]] na-ahụ maka ọgwụ, onye ọka iwu, onye nnọchi anya mba ọzọ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Atoklo|first=Dziedzom|title=FBNBank's board chair retires {{!}} The Business &amp; Financial Times|url=https://thebftonline.com/11/08/2020/fbnbanks-board-chair-retires/|accessdate=2021-01-06|language=en-GB|archivedate=2021-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210125034646/https://thebftonline.com/11/08/2020/fbnbanks-board-chair-retires/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.parliament.gh/hon_chireh_joseph_yieleh.html|title=Hon. Chireh Joseph Yieleh|accessdate=2010-07-04|date=2009-06-18|publisher=[[Parliament of Ghana]]|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716172024/http://www.parliament.gh/hon_chireh_joseph_yieleh.html|archivedate=2011-07-16}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye bụbu onye omeiwu maka Wa West. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na 4th, 5th, 6th na 7th parliament nke 4th Republic of Ghana. Ọ bụkwa onye otu ndị omeiwu Pan-African.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana's representatives at the Pan-African Parliament|url=http://parliamentafrica.com/photos-ghanas-representatives-at-the-pan-african-parliament-2/|work=Parliament Africa|accessdate=14 May 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Chireh na [[Lassia Tuolu]] na Upper West Region nke Ghana. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ya na Navrongo Secondary School na Upper East Region ebe ọ gụrụ maka asambodo GCE Ordinary na Advanced.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=UKGCC|date=2018-07-11|title=HON. JOSEPH YIELEH CHIREH|url=https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-joseph-yieleh-chireh/|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=UK-Ghana Chamber of Commerce|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210107221113/https://ukgcc.com.gh/hon-joseph-yieleh-chireh/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Mahadum Sayensị na Teknụzụ Kwame Nkrumah site na 1975 wee nweta nzere Bachelor of Pharmacy na 1979. Ọ gara Ghana School of Law n'afọ 2001 wee ruo eruo dị ka onye ọka iwu n'afọ 2006.&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;/&gt;

== ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọrụ nnọchiteanya ==
Ọ bụ onye otu National Democratic Congress. Yieleh Chireh jere ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke Taskforce nke Gọọmentị PNDC guzobere na 1991. Dị ka onyeisi oche, a na-eto ya maka iduzi nyocha nke mmebi iwu ịzụta na Ministri, Ngalaba na Ụlọ Ọrụ (MDAs) ahọpụtara, nke a ma ama n'etiti ha bụ Ministri Ahụike, Volta River Authority, Electricity Corporation of Ghana yana ụlọ ọrụ Post &amp; Telecommunications Corporation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Joseph Yieleh Chireh {{!}} FBNBank Ghana Ltd.|url=https://www.fbnbankghana.com/about-us/the-leadership/board-of-directors/joseph-yieleh-chireh/|accessdate=2021-01-06|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-01-10|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210110041159/https://www.fbnbankghana.com/about-us/the-leadership/board-of-directors/joseph-yieleh-chireh/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị iche iche site na minista mpaghara, onye nnọchi anya, onye omeiwu ruo minista nke gọọmentị ime obodo na mmepe ime obodo yana minista nke ahụike.

=== Minista Ógbè - Amabassador ===
Chireh sonyeere National Democratic Congress mgbe e guzobere ya na 1992 na ịmaliteghachi ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Ghana. Jerry Rawlings họpụtara ya dị ka Minista Ógbè Upper West na gọọmentị ya n'afọ 1993.

Ọ rụrụ ọrụ ahụ site na 1993 ruo 1997. E mechara mee ya onye nnọchi anya pụrụ iche na onye nnọchianya zuru oke na [[Algeria]] na ikikere n'otu oge na [[Tunisia]], [[Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic]] na [[Mauritania]] n'etiti afọ 1997 na 2001.&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament&quot;/&gt; O mechara bụrụ onye otu ndị omeiwu na 4th, 5th, na 7th parliament site na Jenụwarị 2005- Jenụwarụwarị 2021.

=== onye nzuko omeiwu ===

==== Ntuli aka nke afọ 2004 ====
O sonyere n'ọkwa ndị omeiwu nke Wa West e mepụtara ọhụrụ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu Ghana na Disemba 2004, nke ọ meriri na-eduga n'ịnọ n'oche ya na ndị omeiwu ya nke anọ nke Republic nke anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=November 2005|title=Elections 2004:Ghana's Parliamentary and Presidential Elections|url=http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/03610.pdf|accessdate=2010-07-04|publisher=[[Electoral Commission of Ghana]] and the [[Friedrich Ebert Foundation]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara Chireh dị ka onye otu ndị omeiwu maka mpaghara Wa West na ntuli aka Ghana nke afọ 2004.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Ghana Election 2004 Results - Wa West Constituency|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/upperwest/186/index.php|accessdate=2020-08-03|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-10-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231006183443/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2004/upperwest/186/index.php}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/ghana/03610.pdf|title=Elections 2004; Ghana's Parliamentary and Presidential Elections|publisher=Electoral Commission of Ghana; Friedrich Ebert Stiftung|year=2005|location=Accra|pages=192}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ihi ya, ọ nọchitere anya mpaghara ahụ na nzuko omeiwu nke anọ nke mba Ghana. A họpụtara ya na vootu 13,256 n'ime vootu 19,980 zuru oke. Nke a bụ ihe ruru 66.3% nke ngụkọta vootu ziri ezi. A họpụtara ya karịa Vaari Matthew Saa-hi nke People's National Convention na Edward Yirimambo nke New Patriotic Party. Ndị a nwetara vootu 653 na vootu 6,071 n'otu n'otu nke ngụkọta vootu ziri ezi. Ihe ndị a bụ 3.3% na 30.4% n'otu n'otu nke ngụkọta vootu ziri ezi. A họpụtara Chireh na tiketi nke National Democratic Congress.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Na ntuli aka ahụ, National Democratic Congress meriri ngụkọta nke ndị omeiwu 94 n'ime ngụkọta 230 oche na nzuko omeiwu nke anọ nke mba Ghana nke anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2016-08-10|title=Statistics of Presidential and Parliamentary Election Results|url=https://www.fact-checkghana.com/statistics-presidential-parliamentary-election-results/|accessdate=2020-08-03|work=Fact Check Ghana|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nhọrọ nke afọ 2008,2012 ====
Ọ nọgidere n'oche ya na 2008&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Parliamentary Results Wa West (Upper West)|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/election2008/parliament.constituency.php?ID=280|accessdate=2010-07-04|publisher=Ghana Home Page}}&lt;/ref&gt; mgbe o meriri na 10,468 vootu na-anọchite anya 50% megide ndị iro ya kachasị nso Dari Daniel Kuusongno nke New Patriotic Party, Edward B. Yirimanbo, onye na-azọ onwe ya nke nwere 4,455 vootu na 21.3% na 5,541 vootu na 26.5% n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Na nzuko omeiwu nke ise, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na kọmitii na-ahụ maka ihe gbasara mba ọzọ, ọrụ, ọdịmma ọha na eze na kọmiti ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị.&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament.gh&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2011-07-16|title=Hon. Chireh Joseph Yieleh {{!}} The Parliament of Ghana|url=http://www.parliament.gh/hon_chireh_joseph_yieleh.html|accessdate=2021-01-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716172024/http://www.parliament.gh/hon_chireh_joseph_yieleh.html|archivedate=16 July 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Chireh nọgidere n'oche ya ọzọ na ntuli aka ndị omeiwu nke afọ 2012 mgbe ọ nwetasịrị vootu 16,368 na-anọchite anya 57.71% megide onye na-asọ mpi ya kacha nso bụ onye New Patriotic Party bụ Adams Tim Nuhubile onye nwere 9,918 na-anọchi anya 34.97%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Elections 2012|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/constituency/186/|accessdate=22 May 2016|work=PeaceFMonline|archivedate=13 April 2016|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160413203042/http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/constituency/186/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=Wa West Constituency Results - Election 2012|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/upperwest/wa_west/|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-02-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206111502/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2012/upperwest/wa_west/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Nhọrọ 2016 ====
A họpụtara Chireh ọzọ ka ọ nọchite anya mpaghara Wa West maka oge nke anọ na ndị omeiwu nke asaa. O nwetara vootu 12,658, 42.49% ebe ndị isi abụọ ya Patrick Bandanaa, onye nwere onwe ya na Dari Daniel Kuusongno nke New Patriotic Party onye ọ chere ihu na 2008 nwere vootu 8,806, 29.56% na 7,415%, 24.89% n'otu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=FM|first=Peace|title=2016 Election - Wa West Constituency Results|url=http://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/upperwest/wa_west/|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=Ghana Elections - Peace FM|archivedate=2023-10-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007065850/https://ghanaelections.peacefmonline.com/pages/2016/parliament/upperwest/wa_west/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na nzuko omeiwu nke asaa nke mba nke anọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Kọmitii Iwu nke Nkwado, Kọmitii Gọọmentị Obodo na Kọmiti Ntinye aha.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;/&gt;

Na mgbalị ya ịga maka oge ọzọ ma bụrụ akụkụ nke ndị omeiwu nke asatọ, onye bụbu odeakwụkwọ IGP Peter Lanchene Toobu meriri ya na National Democratic Congress Primaries onye nwetara votu 755 megide votu 317 nke Chireh nwetara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-08-25|title=Ex-IGP executive secretary beats Yieleh Chireh in Wa West|url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/news/politics/ex-igp-executive-secretary-beats-yieleh-chireh-in-wa-west/2019/|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=GBC Ghana Online|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Minista nke steeti ===
N'ọnwa Febụwarị afọ 2009, onye isi ala ọhụrụ nke Ghana, John Atta Mills họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka Gọọmentị Obodo na Mmepe Ime Obodo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2009-02-13|title=First batch of Ministers Sworn In|publisher=Ghana Home Page|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=157698|accessdate=2010-07-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye otu ndị minista John Atta Mills.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=President Mills holds first cabinet meeting|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/president-mills-holds-first-cabinet-meeting/|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=MyJoyOnline.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ n'ebe ahụ ruo 4 Jenụwarị 2011, mgbe Onye isi ala, John Evans Atta Mills họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ Minista nke Ahụike na mgbanwe nke ndị ọrụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;2011 reshuffle&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|date=2011-01-04|title=Cabinet reshuffle: Zita dropped, Betty for education|publisher=Ghana Home Page|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=200624|accessdate=2011-02-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmekọrịta ọkachamara ==
Ọ bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụ na Ghana Pharmacy Council, onye otu ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ Maka ọgwụ nke Ghana na onye otu West Africa post graduate college of pharmacist.&lt;ref name=&quot;:32&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye ọka iwu na onye otu Ghana Bar Association.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ghana MPs - MP Details - Chireh, Joseph Yieleh|url=http://www.ghanamps.com/mps/details.php?id=5409|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=www.ghanamps.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;

== Onye isi oche nke FBNBank Ghana ==
Chireh jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke FBNBank Ghana, nke bụ ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka nke First Bank of Nigeria Limited maka oge abụọ, afọ 6 jere ozi ugboro abụọ site na 2014 ruo 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FBNBANK GHANA ANNOUNCES RETIREMENT OF BOARD CHAIRMAN {{!}} FBNBank Ghana Ltd.|url=https://www.fbnbankghana.com/fbnbank-ghana-announces-retirement-of-board-chairman/|accessdate=2021-01-06|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FBNBank Ghana announces retirement of board chairman|url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/business/business-news/fbnbank-ghana-announces-retirement-of-board-chairman.html|accessdate=2021-01-06|work=Graphic Online|language=en-gb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onye ọ bụla ==
Chireh bụ Onye Kraịst ma lụọ di ma nwee ụmụ anọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanadistricts.com/mps/?r=9&amp;_=115&amp;mpd=187|title=Hon. Joseph Yieleh Chireh (NDC) (Wa West)|accessdate=2010-07-04|publisher=GhanaDistricts.com|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009071049/http://www.ghanadistricts.com/mps/?r=9&amp;_=115&amp;mpd=187|archivedate=2012-10-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;parliament.gh&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Gọọmentị Rawlings
* Ndepụta nke ndị minista gọọmentị Mills
* Mpaghara Wa West

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga na isi mmalite ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716172024/http://www.parliament.gh/hon_chireh_joseph_yieleh.html Profaịlụ na webụsaịtị Nzukọ Ndị Omeiwu nke Ghana]
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&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bello|first=Usman|date=2022-08-03|title=2023: Adamawa Gov picks Female Professor as running mate|url=https://dailytrust.com/2023-adamawa-gov-picks-female-professor-as-running-mate|accessdate=2022-10-16|work=Daily Trust|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFBello2022&quot;&gt;Bello, Usman (3 August 2022). [https://dailytrust.com/2023-adamawa-gov-picks-female-professor-as-running-mate &quot;2023: Adamawa Gov picks Female Professor as running mate&quot;]. ''Daily Trust''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16 October&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hammangabdo|first=Hussaini|date=2022-06-30|title=JUST-IN: Gov Fintiri Picks Adamawa Varsity VC, Prof. Farauta, As Running Mate|url=https://leadership.ng/just-in-gov-fintiri-picks-adamawa-varsity-vc-prof-farauta-as-running-mate/|accessdate=2022-10-16|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHammangabdo2022&quot;&gt;Hammangabdo, Hussaini (30 June 2022). [https://leadership.ng/just-in-gov-fintiri-picks-adamawa-varsity-vc-prof-farauta-as-running-mate/ &quot;JUST-IN: Gov Fintiri Picks Adamawa Varsity VC, Prof. Farauta, As Running Mate&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16 October&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;.Kaletapwa George Farauta (amuru 28 Novemba 1965) bu onye okachamara na onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria, bu onye osote gọvanọ Adamawa steeti ugbua kemgbe 2023. Ọ bụ osote onyeisi obodo Adamawa State Un.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-03|title=2023: Gov. Fintiri unveils Adamawa varsity VC as running mate|url=https://gazettengr.com/2023-gov-fintiri-unveils-adamawa-varsity-vc-as-running-mate/|accessdate=2022-10-16|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; mụrụ Kaletapwa Farauta na 28 Nọvemba 1965 na Numan Local Government nke Adamawa Steeti . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-03|title=Fintiri unveils female professor as running mate for 2023 guber poll|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/fintiri-unveils-female-professor-as-running-mate-for-2023-guber-poll/|accessdate=2022-10-16|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt; O nwetara asambodo ngwụcha ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na Numan II Primary School, Numan na 1979. N'afọ 1983, ọ nwetara asambodo ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu na Federal Government Girls College (FGGC) Yola. &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Professor Kaletapwa Farauta: Meet Adamawa Governor female running mate for 2023 with intimidating credentials|url=https://apexnewsexclusive.com/professor-kaletapwa-farauta-meet-adamawa-governor-female-running-mate-for-2023-with-intimidating-credentials/|accessdate=2022-10-16|work=Apex News Exclusive|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016183620/https://apexnewsexclusive.com/professor-kaletapwa-farauta-meet-adamawa-governor-female-running-mate-for-2023-with-intimidating-credentials/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20221016183620/https://apexnewsexclusive.com/professor-kaletapwa-farauta-meet-adamawa-governor-female-running-mate-for-2023-with-intimidating-credentials/ &quot;Professor Kaletapwa Farauta: Meet Adamawa Governor female running mate for 2023 with intimidating credentials&quot;]. ''Apex News Exclusive''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;16 October&lt;/span&gt; 2022&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ 1987, ọ nwetara asambodo mba ya na agụmakwụkwọ na Federal College of Education (FCE) Yola. O nwetara akara ugo mmụta mbụ na nke abụọ na Agricultural Extension na Mahadum Naịjirịa Nsukka na 1989 na 1995 n'otu n'otu. &lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-03|title=Fintiri unveils female professor as running mate for 2023 guber poll|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/fintiri-unveils-female-professor-as-running-mate-for-2023-guber-poll/|accessdate=2022-10-16|work=The Nation Newspaper|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; nwetara PhD ya na Federal University of Technology nke a maara ugbu a dị ka Modibbo Adama Federal University of Technologie, Yola [1] [2] &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

== Nhọpụta ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ==
. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jeremiah|first=Urowayino|date=2022-07-01|title=Gov Fintiri dumps deputy, picks don|url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/gov-fintiri-dumps-deputy-picks-don/|accessdate=2022-10-16|work=Vanguard News|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;/&gt;Site na Julaị  ruo Ọktoba, 2014, Farauta jere ozi dị ka onye isi oche Executive, Adamawa State Universal Basic Education Board (ADSUBEB). Na 28 Ọgọst 2015  Farauta weghaara ọkwa dịka Kọmishọna na-asọpụrụ

== Onye isi oche ==
N'abalị iri na asaa n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2017, gọvanọ steeti ahụ n'oge ahụ, Senator Muhammad Umaru [[Bindo Jibrilla|Jibrilla Bindow]] mere ya osote onye isi oche nke Mahadum Adamawa State. Ahmadu Fintiri mechara kwado &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Blueprint|date=2022-07-14|title=On Fintiri's running mate Farauta|url=https://www.blueprint.ng/on-fintiris-running-mate-farauta-2/|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=Blueprint Newspapers|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017051925/https://www.blueprint.ng/on-fintiris-running-mate-farauta-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; dị ka osote chancellor.

== Ebemsidee ==
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    <title>Inọk Godongwana</title>
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Enoch Godongwana (amụrụ na 9 June 1957) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị South Africa na onye bụbu onye otu ọrụ aka nke na-eje ozi ugbu a dị ka Minista na-ahụ maka ego kemgbe Ọgọst 2021. Ọ bụ onye otu National Executive Committee nke African National Congress (ANC).

A mụrụ ya na Eastern Cape, Godongwana ghọrọ onye a ma ama na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu nke National Union of Metalworkers n'etiti afọ 1993 na 1997. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, site na 1997 ruo 2004, ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Executive Council nke Eastern Cape dị ka Onye otu Executive Council for Finance. A họpụtara ya na mbụ na Kọmitii Nchịkwa Mba ANC na Disemba 1997, ọ bụkwa osote onye isi oche nke alaka nke ANC nke Eastern Cape site na 2003 ruo 2006 n'okpuru Onye isi oche Makhenkesi Stofile. Praịm Minista Nosimo Balindlela chụpụrụ ya na Executive Council n'ọnọdụ esemokwu na Septemba 2004.

N'etiti Mee 2009 na Jenụwarị 2012, Godongwana bụ osote minista n'okpuru ụlọ ọrụ mbụ nke Onye isi ala Jacob Zuma. Ọ bụ osote minista nke ụlọ ọrụ ọha na eze site na 2009 ruo 2010 na osote minisita nke mmepe akụ na ụba site na 2010 ruo 2012. Ọ gbara arụkwaghịm n'ọkwa nke ikpeazụ na Jenụwarị 2012 mgbe ihe ihere metụtara otu n'ime ọdịmma azụmahịa ya, ụlọ ọrụ itinye ego a na-akpọ Canyon Springs. Otú ọ dị, ọ nọgidere bụrụ onye ama ama dị ka onye isi oche nke kọmitii ntụziaka mba ANC na mgbanwe akụ na ụba, ọ bụkwa onye isi oche ya nke Ụlọ Akụ̀ Mmepe nke Southern Africa site na 2019 ruo 2021. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye isi ala Cyril Ramaphosa n'ụbọchị nke ise n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2021. 

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Godongwana na 9 June 1957 &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Enoch Godongwana, Mr|url=https://www.gov.za/about-government/contact-directory/enoch-godongwana-mr-0|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=South African Government}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Cala na mpaghara Cape Province, nke bụzi akụkụ nke Eastern Cape . &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2012-01-17|title=Going, going, Godongwana|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2012-01-17-going-godongwana/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 August 2021|title=Enoch Godongwana: the party guru on economics|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2021-08-06-enoch-godongwana-the-party-guru-on-economics/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=6 August 2021|title=What you need to know about SA's new minister of finance, Enoch Godongwana|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/what-you-need-to-know-about-sas-new-minister-of-finance-enoch-godongwana-20210806-2|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụrụ akwụkwọ na St John's College na Mthatha, [1] ma mechaa MSc na akụ na ụba ego na Mahadum London na 1998. [2]

== Ọrụ ndị ọrụ ==
Godongwana malitere ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;n'Òtù ndị ọrụ, malite dị ka onye na-elekọta ụlọ ahịa maka Metal and Allied Workers' Union na 1979 wee rịgoro n'ọkwa ịghọ onye nhazi maka National Union of Metalworkers (Numsa) n'etiti afọ 1983 na 1989. Ọ bụ odeakwụkwọ mpaghara Numsa site na 1990 ruo 1993, &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;mgbe a họpụtara ya ka ọ nọchie Moses Mayekiso dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu mba ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gh9BAQAAIAAJ|title=Southscan|date=1997|publisher=Southscan|pages=183|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; rụrụ ọrụ dị ka odeakwụkwọ ukwu ruo 1997, [1] mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ma Mbuyi Ngwenda nọchiri ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụ onye otu kọmitii na-ahụ maka Congress of South African Trade Unions (Cosatu) site na 1992 ruo 1997, yana onye isi oche nke Cosatu's economic development task force. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;bụkwa onye guzobere [[National Economic Development and Labour Council]] (NEDLAC) ma nọchite anya ndị ọrụ n'oge edepụtara iwu ọrụ mgbe ị na-ịkpa ókè agbụrụ gasịrị, gụnyere Iwu Mmekọrịta Ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=12 August 2021|title=A reasonable man: is Godongwana too 'affable' to revive SA's economy?|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/features/cover-story/2021-08-12-a-reasonable-man-is-godongwana-too-affable-to-revive-sas-economy/|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Financial Mail|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Financial Mail nyere Godongwana otuto maka iwebata Numsa, otu ndị agha na ndị ọrụ, &quot;n'ime oghere Cosatu&quot;, yana maka ịtọlite ya maka nnukwu mmụba nke ndị otu ya mechara nwee.

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-10-28|title=Mini-budget makes big promises|url=https://mg.co.za/editorial/2022-10-28-editorial-mini-budget-makes-big-promises/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;'afọ ndị sochirinụ, ọ nwetara aha dị ka onye na-akwado nkwado ego na dịka &quot;minista ego nwere otu n'ime ndị na-ejide ego nke mba ahụ&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-12-20|title=Enoch Godongwana (Grade C-)|url=https://mg.co.za/cabinet-cards/report-card-2022/2022-12-20-enoch-godongwana-grade-c/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Oxford|first=Adam|date=2021-12-11|title=Mail &amp; Guardian Cabinet Report Cards 2021: Enoch Godongwana|url=https://cabinet.mg.co.za/enoch-godongwana-2021/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-31|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731154906/https://cabinet.mg.co.za/enoch-godongwana-2021/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe &lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;jụrụ ya banyere echiche ndị Kọmunist mbụ ya - ọ bụ onye otu South African Communist Party n'oge ọ bụ otu - Godongwana kwuru, &quot;E nwere ngwọta bara uru na nsogbu bara uru nke, mgbe ụfọdụ, echiche ndị na-enweghị atụ anaghị ejide. &quot;

=== Ndị ndu ANC ===
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=15 November 2021|title=Enoch Godongwana to step down as ANC economy guru|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2021-11-15-enoch-godongwana-to-step-down-as-anc-economy-guru/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;'ọnwa Nọvemba 2021, Godongwana kwuru na ọ ga-agbadata dịka onye isi oche nke obere kọmitii NEC na mgbanwe akụ na ụba iji kwe ka ndị isi na-eto eto pụta. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=20 April 2022|title=ANC names new head of economic transformation|url=https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/anc-names-new-head-of-economic-transformation-20220420|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;[[Mmamoloko Kubayi]] nọchiri ya n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2022. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=22 December 2022|title=Full list: ANC NEC members|url=https://www.enca.com/news/full-list-anc-nec-members|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=eNCA|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nzukọ mba ọzọ nke ANC, nke e mere na Nasrec na Disemba 2022, a họpụtara Godongwana ọzọ na NEC, nke iri na itoolu n'ime iri asatọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-01-29|title=Ramaphosa consolidates control over ANC with clean sweep in national working committee|url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2023-01-29-ramaphosa-consolidates-control-over-anc-with-clean-sweep-in-national-working-committee-2/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=21 February 2023|title=Cyril Ramaphosa allies dominate as heads of ANC NEC subcommittees|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2023-02-21-cyril-ramaphosa-allies-dominate-as-heads-of-anc-nec-subcommittees/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; họpụtakwara ya ọzọ dị ka onye otu nkịtị nke kọmitii mgbanwe akụ na ụba, nke ga-anọgide n'okpuru nduzi Kubayi; [1] na NEC họpụtara ya na Kọmitii Ọrụ Mba ANC dị ka otu n'ime ndị kachasị ewu ewu - ya na [[Barbara Creecy]] jikọrọ maka ọnọdụ nke abụọ n'azụ Kubayi. [2]

Ka ọ na-erule n'oge ahụ, a na-ele Godongwana anya dị ka onye otu onye isi ala Ramaphosa, ọkachasị dịka onye otu a na-akpọ &quot;Chris Hani cabal&quot; mgbe ụfọdụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mkokeli|first=Sam|date=19 August 2022|title=Possible Godongwana exit exposes another Ramaphosa flank|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/fm/opinion/2022-08-19-sam-mkokeli-possible-godongwana-exit-exposes-another-ramaphosa-flank/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; gụnyere [[Gwede Mantashe]], Oscar Mabuyane, na Mondli Gungubele, otu a sitere na Eastern Cape ma nwee mmetụta na ogige Ramaphosa na ANC. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-07-25|title=How the 'Chris Hani cabal' outmanoeuvred Paul Mashatile at ANC KZN conference|url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2022-07-25-how-the-chris-hani-cabal-outmanoeuvred-paul-mashatile-at-anc-kzn-conference/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-28|title=Chris Hani cabal comes to Ramaphosa's rescue in cabinet reshuffle|url=https://mg.co.za/politics/2023-02-28-chris-hani-cabal-comes-to-ramaphosas-rescue-in-cabinet-reshuffle/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=28 November 2011|title=Deputy minister denies hiding asset|work=IOL|url=https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/deputy-minister-denies-hiding-asset-1187656|accessdate=31 July 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; lụrụ Thandiwe Godongwana, onye ya na ya nwere ụmụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Creamer|first=Darlene|date=12 November 2021|title=Hard hat|url=https://www.engineeringnews.co.za/article/hard-hat-2021-11-12|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Engineering News}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Mkokeli|first=Sam|date=21 November 2021|title=Enoch Godongwana: a man of many hats — and many headaches|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/sunday-times/opinion-and-analysis/insight/2021-11-21-enoch-godongwana-a-man-of-many-hats--and-many-headaches/|accessdate=2023-08-01|work=Sunday Times|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;maara ya maka iyi okpu homburg nwere ábụ́bà.

N'ọnwa Disemba afọ 2001, mgbe Godongwana na-eje ozi na Eastern Cape Executive Council, Ụlọikpe East London Magistrate mara ya ikpe maka Ịkwọ ụgbọala na-aṅụbiga mmanya ókè. E jidere ya n'ọnwa Febụwarị ma daa ule Mmanya na-aba n'anya n'ọbara mgbe ọ jụrụ ido onwe ya n'okpuru respiralyser. O kwetara na ikpe mara ya maka ebubo ahụ, na-ekwu na ọ nọ na-akwọ ụgbọala n'ihi na nwa nwanne ya nwanyị rịọrọ ya ka e bulie ya, ọ gwakwara ndị nta akụkọ na ọ bụ &quot;mmejọ nke ikpe m, nke m na-akwa ụta n'ezie. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2001-12-31|title=EC MEC gets fine for drunken driving|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2002-01-01-ec-mec-gets-fine-for-drunken-driving/|accessdate=2023-07-29|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ na-ewute m nke ukwuu. &quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; kwụ[[Rand|R]] ya R8,000 n'ọnọdụ ịnọ ụbọchị 200 n'ụlọ mkpọrọ, na ọkara nke ụgwọ ahụ kwụsịtụrụ; e nyekwara ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ afọ atọ, kwụsịtụọ ya maka oge ahụ.

N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2022, otu onye na-asa ahụ n'ebe a na-echekwa egwuregwu na Kruger National Park mere mkpesa banyere iyi egwu mmekọahụ megide Godongwana, onye o kwuru na o metụrụ ya aka n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị n'oge ịhịa aka. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-19|title='Relieved' to hear from police on sexual assault allegation, Godongwana will continue to do his job|url=https://mg.co.za/business/2022-08-19-relieved-to-hear-from-police-on-sexual-assault-allegation-godongwana-will-continue-to-do-his-job/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=13 August 2022|title=Godongwana denies claims of sexual harassment|url=https://www.timeslive.co.za/politics/2022-08-13-godongwana-denies-claims-of-sexual-harassment/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=Sunday Times|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; gọnahụrụ ebubo ahụ n'ụzọ siri ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-22|title=Pressure builds as Enoch Godongwana forges on with fiscal consolidation|url=https://mg.co.za/business/2022-08-22-pressure-builds-as-finance-minister-forges-on-with-fiscal-consolidation/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=The Mail &amp; Guardian|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=19 August 2022|title=Sexual assault claims are being used as part of a smear campaign, Godongwana says|url=https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/politics/2022-08-19-sexual-assault-claims-are-being-used-as-part-of-a-smear-campaign-godongwana-says/|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=Business Day|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt; gwara Business Day na o kwenyere na a na-eji ebubo ndị ahụ &quot;na-eme&quot; ya &quot;iji nweta njedebe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị mkpirikpi na nke ịchọ ọdịmma onwe ya&quot; n'ihu nzukọ mba ANC na-abịanụ, [1] ma ọ malitere ịga n'ihu &quot;na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ dị oke mkpa nke ime ka akụ na ụba anyị dịghachi ndụ na ichebe ụtụ isi&quot;. [2] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=23 September 2022|title=Why the NPA won't prosecute Enoch Godongwana for sexual assault|url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/why-the-npa-wont-prosecute-enoch-godongwana-for-sexual-assault-20220923|accessdate=2023-07-31|work=News24|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ngwụcha Septemba, National Prosecuting Authority kwuru na, ebe ọ nyochara ihe akaebe ahụ, ọ gaghị ekpe Godongwana ikpe.

== Ihe odide ==
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'''Alain Connes''' (   [alɛ̃ kɔn]; amụrụ n'ubochi mbụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1947 na Draguignan) bụ ónyé France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ, nke a maara màkà onyinye ya na ọmụmụ nke algebra na geometry na-abụghị commutative.  Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Ohio State University na Vanderbilt University. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Skandalis|first=Georges|authorlink=Georges Skandalis|date=2008|title=An interview with Alain Connes, part II|url=https://ems.press/content/serial-issue-files/13672|journal=EMS Newsletter|volume=67|pages=29–33}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Skandalis|first=Georges|authorlink=Georges Skandalis|date=2007|title=An interview with Alain Connes, part I|url=https://ems.press/content/serial-issue-files/13664|journal=EMS Newsletter|volume=63|pages=25–30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enyere ya Ihe nrite Fields n'afọ 1982. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=O'Connor|first=John|title=Alain Connes|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Connes/|accessdate=2023-05-19|work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jackson|first=Allyn|date=2021|title=Interview with Alain Connes|url=https://celebratio.org/Connes_A/article/842/|accessdate=2023-05-18|work=[[Celebratio Mathematica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Alain Connes gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Lycée Saint-Charles  na Marseille, mgbè ahụ ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke klas préparatoires na Lycée Thiers . N'agbata afọ 1966 na afọ 1970 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na École normale supérieure na Paris, n'afọ 1973 ọ nwetara PhD na Mahadum Pierre na Marie Curie, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Jacques Dixmier . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Site &lt;ref name=&quot;Alain Connes 2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-22|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=https://alainconnes.org/cv/|accessdate=2022-09-08|work=Alain Connes}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'afọ 1970 ruo afọ 1974 ọ bụ ónyé nyocha na French National Centre for Scientific Research ma n'afọ 1975 ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa nleta na Queen's University na Kingston na Canada.

N'afọ 1976, ọ laghachiri France ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ na Mahadum Pierre na Marie Curie ruo n'afọ 1980 nakwa na CNRS n'agbata afọ 1981 na afọ 1984. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alain Connes, emeritus professor since 2017|url=https://www.ihes.fr/en/professeur/alain-connes-2/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[IHES]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kemgbe afọ 1979 ọ na-ejide oche Léon Motchane na IHES. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-11|title=Alain Connes|url=https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/chaire/alain-connes-analyse-et-geometrie-chaire-statutaire/biography|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Collège de France]]|language=fr|archivedate=2023-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526201321/https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/chaire/alain-connes-analyse-et-geometrie-chaire-statutaire/biography}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Alain Connes 2021&quot;/&gt; Site n'afo 1984 ruo mgbè ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 2017 ọ nọ n'oche nke Analysis na Geometry na Collège de France.

N'otu ógè ahụ, e nyèrè ya ọkwa prọfesọ pụrụ iche na Mahadum Vanderbilt n'etiti afọ 2003 na afọ 2012, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=4 September 2003|title=World-class mathematician joins Vanderbilt faculty|url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2003/09/04/world-class-mathematician-joins-vanderbilt-faculty-59929/|accessdate=2023-05-18|work=[[Vanderbilt University]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Mahadim Ohio State n'etiti ógè afọ 2012 na 2021.

N'afọ 2000 ọ bụ prọfesọ a kpọrọ na Conservatoire national des arts et métiers . &lt;ref&gt;Alain Connes, « Géométrie non-commutative », ''Université de tous les savoirs'', '''4''', 175–190, Editions Odile Jacob, 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
Ihe nchoputa nke Connes na-elekwasị ányá na algebra onye ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Alexander Hellemans, [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-geometer-of-particle &quot;The Geometer of Particle Physics&quot;] '' Scientific American'', 24 July 2006&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; wezụga geometry noncommutative, o tinyewo ọrụ ya n'akụkụ dị ichè ichè nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics, gụnyere nkuzi ọnụọgụ, geometry dị ichè na physics nke ụmụ irighiri ihe.

N'ọrụ mbụ ya na Algebra von Neumann n'afọ ndị 1970, o nwèrè ihe ịga nke ọma n'inweta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkewa zuru oke nkè ihe injective. O mekwara nsogbu Connes embedding.

Mgbé nke a gasịrị, o nyerè aka na onye ọrụ K-theory na index theory, nke rụzuru na conjecture Baum-Connes. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cornelissen|first=Gunther|date=2010|title=The flashes of insight never came for free|url=https://www.nieuwarchief.nl/serie5/pdf/naw5-2010-11-4-250.pdf|journal=[[Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde]]|volume=11|issue=5|pages=250–256}}&lt;/ref&gt; webatara cyclic cohomology na mbido afọ 1980 dị ka nzọụkwụ mbụ na ọmụmụ nke geometry dị ichè ichè na-enweghị commutative. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Moore|first=Calvin|authorlink=Calvin C. Moore|date=1982|title=The work of Alain Connes|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/notices/198210/198210FullIssue.pdf?cat=fullissue&amp;trk=fullissue198210|journal=[[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]]|volume=29|issue=6|pages=499–501}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Seda|first=Anthony Karel|date=1984|title=One aspect of the work of Alain Connes|url=https://www.irishmathsoc.org/nl11/nl11_38-48.pdf|journal=[[Irish Mathematical Society#Bulletin of the Irish Mathematical Society|Irish Mathematical Society Newsletter]]|volume=11|pages=38–48}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lesniewski|first=Andrew|date=1997|title=Noncommutative Geometry|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/199707/lesniewski.pdf|journal=[[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]]|volume=44|issue=7|pages=800–805}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Holden|first=Constance|date=2001|title=French Mathematician Wins Crafoord Prize|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/french-mathematician-wins-crafoord-prize|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CrafoordPrize00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2000|title=Crafoord Prize Laureates|url=https://www.crafoordprize.se/prize-laureate/alain-connes/|accessdate=2018-12-02|work=[[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2001-01-24|title=Crafoord Prize to one of the world's foremost mathematicians|url=https://www.crafoordprize.se/news/crafoord-prize-to-one-of-the-worlds-foremost-mathematicians/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Research Awards|url=https://www.claymath.org/research|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Clay Mathematics Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enyere Connes Peccot-Vimont Prize n'afọ 1976, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-11|title=Cours et Prix Claude-Antoine Peccot|url=https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/prix/cours-et-prix-claude-antoine-peccot|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[College de France]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ampère Prize n'afọ 1980, Fields Medal n'afọ 1982, &lt;ref name=&quot;FieldsMedal00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Albers, Donald J.|date=1986|title=International mathematical congresses. An illustrated history 1893 – 1986|url=https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1982/index.html#0x82496a1f_0x0005ea30|accessdate=2018-12-02|publisher=Springer-Verlag}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clay Research Award n'afọ 2000 &lt;ref name=&quot;FieldsMedal01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=IMU Secretariat|title=Fields Medal – International Mathematical Union (IMU)|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal|accessdate=2018-12-02|publisher=International Mathematical Union}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Crafoord Prize n'afọ 2001. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2005|title=Vanderbilt math professor Alain Connes receives prestigious French science award|url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2005/02/16/vanderbilt-math-professor-alain-connes-receives-prestigious-french-science-award-59421/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Vanderbilt University]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dumas|first=Cécile|date=2004-11-09|title=Alain Connes, médaillé d'or du CNRS|url=https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/fondamental/alain-connes-medaille-d-or-du-cnrs_22257|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Sciences et Avenir]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2005|title=Alain Connes: indomitable explorer|url=http://www2.cnrs.fr/sites/band/fichier/ra_2004_gb.pdf|journal=A Year at CNRS 2004|pages=10–11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2004|title=Alain Connes, Médaille d’or 2004 du CNRS|url=http://www2.cnrs.fr/sites/band/fichier/or.pdf|work=[[CNRS]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2004|title=Alain Connes, mathématicien, Médaille d'or du CNRS 2004|url=https://archives.cnrs.fr/presse/article/582|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[CNRS]]|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2023-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121205859/https://archives.cnrs.fr/presse/article/582}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Burgos|first=Valérie|date=2023-01-31|title=Médailles d’argent du CNRS 1960-2010|url=https://comihistocnrs.hypotheses.org/2706|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=Comité pour l'histoire du CNRS|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;French National Centre for Scientific Research nyere ya Ihe nrite ọlaọcha na 1977 [1] na ihe nrite ego edo na 2004. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Ọ bụ ọkà okwu a kpọrọ òkù na International Congress of Mathematicians n'afọ 1974 na Vancouver n'afọ 1986 na Berkeley, na ọkà okwu zuru oke na ICM na 1978 na Helsinki.
[[Usòrò:Villeneuve-d'Ascq_-_IUT_A_-_Alain_Connes_-_3.jpg|thumb|Alain Connes na nnọkọ na 2012 na Villeneuve-d'Ascq.]]
E nyere ya nzere nsọpụrụ site na Mahadum Queen na Kingston n'afọ 1979, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=1858-2011 Honorary Degree Recipients|url=https://www.queensu.ca/registrar/sites/uregwww/files/uploaded_files/pdfs/HDrecipients.pdf|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Queen's University at Kingston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum Rome Tor Vergata na 1997, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Lauree Honoris Causa|url=https://web.uniroma2.it/it/contenuto/lauree_honoris_causa|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[University of Rome Tor Vergata]]|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum Oslo n'afọ 1999, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Æresdoktorer ved UiO 2000-2008|url=https://www.uio.no/om/tall-og-fakta/aresdoktorer/tidligere-aresdoktorer/2000-2008/|work=[[Oslo University]]|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum Southern Denmark n'afọ 2009, Mahadum Libre de Bruxelles n'afọ 2010 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=ULB’s honorary doctorates|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Université libre de Bruxelles]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Mahadim Shanghai Fudan n'afọ 2017.

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Alain Connes and Matilde Marcolli, ''Noncommutative Geometry, Quantum Fields and Motives'', Colloquium Publications, American Mathematical Society, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-8218-4210-2}} [http://www.alainconnes.org/docs/bookwebfinal.pdf]
* Alain Connes, André Lichnerowicz, and Marcel-Paul Schutzenberger, ''Triangle of Thought'', translated by Jennifer Gage, American Mathematical Society, 2001, {{ISBN|978-0-8218-2614-0}}
* Jean-Pierre Changeux and Alain Connes, ''Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics'', translated by M. B. DeBevoise, Princeton University Press, 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-691-00405-1}}
* Alain Connes, ''Noncommutative Geometry'', Academic Press, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-12-185860-5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Segal, Irving|authorlink=Irving Segal|title=Book Review: ''Noncommutative Geometry'', by Alan Connes|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society|year=1996|volume=33|issue=4|pages=459–465|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1996-33-04/S0273-0979-96-00687-8/S0273-0979-96-00687-8.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0273-0979-96-00687-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Usoro Bost-Connes
* Ụdị okirikiri
* Nkwekọrịta okirikiri
* Ihe (nnyocha ọrụ) 
* Higgs boson
* C*-algebra
* Noncommutative quantum field theory
* Echiche M
* Ìgwè
* Akara atọ
* Nkatọ nke nyocha na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ
* Echiche Riemann

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Alain Connes Official Web Site nwere [http://www.alainconnes.org/en/downloads.php akwụkwọ ndị a na-ebudata], na akwụkwọ ya Non-commutative geometry,  . 
* Alain ConnesnanLab
* [http://resonaances.blogspot.com/2007/02/alain-connes-standard-model.html Ihe nlereanya Alain Connes]
* Ajụjụ ọnụ Alain Connes na [http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=313 mkparịta ụka banyere ya]
* Alain ConnesnaUsoro mgbakọ na mwepụ Genealogy Project
* Alain Connesmbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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'''Alain Connes''' (   [alɛ̃ kɔn]; amụrụ n'ubochi mbụ n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 1947 na Draguignan) bụ ónyé France na-eme mgbakọ na mwepụ, nke a maara màkà onyinye ya na ọmụmụ nke algebra na geometry na-abụghị commutative.  Ọ bụ prọfesọ na Collège de France, Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, Ohio State University na Vanderbilt University. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Skandalis|first=Georges|authorlink=Georges Skandalis|date=2008|title=An interview with Alain Connes, part II|url=https://ems.press/content/serial-issue-files/13672|journal=EMS Newsletter|volume=67|pages=29–33}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Skandalis|first=Georges|authorlink=Georges Skandalis|date=2007|title=An interview with Alain Connes, part I|url=https://ems.press/content/serial-issue-files/13664|journal=EMS Newsletter|volume=63|pages=25–30}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enyere ya Ihe nrite Fields n'afọ 1982. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=O'Connor|first=John|title=Alain Connes|url=https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Connes/|accessdate=2023-05-19|work=[[MacTutor History of Mathematics archive]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Jackson|first=Allyn|date=2021|title=Interview with Alain Connes|url=https://celebratio.org/Connes_A/article/842/|accessdate=2023-05-18|work=[[Celebratio Mathematica]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Alain Connes gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Lycée Saint-Charles  na Marseille, mgbè ahụ ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ nke klas préparatoires na Lycée Thiers . N'agbata afọ 1966 na afọ 1970 ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na École normale supérieure na Paris, n'afọ 1973 ọ nwetara PhD na Mahadum Pierre na Marie Curie, n'okpuru nlekọta nke Jacques Dixmier . &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;

Site &lt;ref name=&quot;Alain Connes 2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-04-22|title=Curriculum Vitae|url=https://alainconnes.org/cv/|accessdate=2022-09-08|work=Alain Connes}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'afọ 1970 ruo afọ 1974 ọ bụ ónyé nyocha na French National Centre for Scientific Research ma n'afọ 1975 ọ nọrọ n'ọkwa nleta na Queen's University na Kingston na Canada.

N'afọ 1976, ọ laghachiri France ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka prọfesọ na Mahadum Pierre na Marie Curie ruo n'afọ 1980 nakwa na CNRS n'agbata afọ 1981 na afọ 1984. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alain Connes, emeritus professor since 2017|url=https://www.ihes.fr/en/professeur/alain-connes-2/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[IHES]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kemgbe afọ 1979 ọ na-ejide oche Léon Motchane na IHES. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-04-11|title=Alain Connes|url=https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/chaire/alain-connes-analyse-et-geometrie-chaire-statutaire/biography|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Collège de France]]|language=fr|archivedate=2023-05-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526201321/https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/chaire/alain-connes-analyse-et-geometrie-chaire-statutaire/biography}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;Alain Connes 2021&quot;/&gt; Site n'afo 1984 ruo mgbè ọ lara ezumike nká n'afọ 2017 ọ nọ n'oche nke Analysis na Geometry na Collège de France.

N'otu ógè ahụ, e nyèrè ya ọkwa prọfesọ pụrụ iche na Mahadum Vanderbilt n'etiti afọ 2003 na afọ 2012, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=4 September 2003|title=World-class mathematician joins Vanderbilt faculty|url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2003/09/04/world-class-mathematician-joins-vanderbilt-faculty-59929/|accessdate=2023-05-18|work=[[Vanderbilt University]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Mahadim Ohio State n'etiti ógè afọ 2012 na 2021.

N'afọ 2000 ọ bụ prọfesọ a kpọrọ na Conservatoire national des arts et métiers . &lt;ref&gt;Alain Connes, « Géométrie non-commutative », ''Université de tous les savoirs'', '''4''', 175–190, Editions Odile Jacob, 2001.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha ==
Ihe nchoputa nke Connes na-elekwasị ányá na algebra onye ọrụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Alexander Hellemans, [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-geometer-of-particle &quot;The Geometer of Particle Physics&quot;] '' Scientific American'', 24 July 2006&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; wezụga geometry noncommutative, o tinyewo ọrụ ya n'akụkụ dị ichè ichè nke mgbakọ na mwepụ na physics, gụnyere nkuzi ọnụọgụ, geometry dị ichè na physics nke ụmụ irighiri ihe.

N'ọrụ mbụ ya na Algebra von Neumann n'afọ ndị 1970, o nwèrè ihe ịga nke ọma n'inweta ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nkewa zuru oke nkè ihe injective. O mekwara nsogbu Connes embedding.

Mgbé nke a gasịrị, o nyerè aka na onye ọrụ K-theory na index theory, nke rụzuru na conjecture Baum-Connes. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Cornelissen|first=Gunther|date=2010|title=The flashes of insight never came for free|url=https://www.nieuwarchief.nl/serie5/pdf/naw5-2010-11-4-250.pdf|journal=[[Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde]]|volume=11|issue=5|pages=250–256}}&lt;/ref&gt; webatara cyclic cohomology na mbido afọ 1980 dị ka nzọụkwụ mbụ na ọmụmụ nke geometry dị ichè ichè na-enweghị commutative. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Moore|first=Calvin|authorlink=Calvin C. Moore|date=1982|title=The work of Alain Connes|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/notices/198210/198210FullIssue.pdf?cat=fullissue&amp;trk=fullissue198210|journal=[[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]]|volume=29|issue=6|pages=499–501}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Seda|first=Anthony Karel|date=1984|title=One aspect of the work of Alain Connes|url=https://www.irishmathsoc.org/nl11/nl11_38-48.pdf|journal=[[Irish Mathematical Society#Bulletin of the Irish Mathematical Society|Irish Mathematical Society Newsletter]]|volume=11|pages=38–48}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Lesniewski|first=Andrew|date=1997|title=Noncommutative Geometry|url=https://www.ams.org/notices/199707/lesniewski.pdf|journal=[[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]]|volume=44|issue=7|pages=800–805}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Onyinye na nsọpụrụ ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Holden|first=Constance|date=2001|title=French Mathematician Wins Crafoord Prize|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/french-mathematician-wins-crafoord-prize|journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CrafoordPrize00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2000|title=Crafoord Prize Laureates|url=https://www.crafoordprize.se/prize-laureate/alain-connes/|accessdate=2018-12-02|work=[[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2001-01-24|title=Crafoord Prize to one of the world's foremost mathematicians|url=https://www.crafoordprize.se/news/crafoord-prize-to-one-of-the-worlds-foremost-mathematicians/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]]|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Research Awards|url=https://www.claymath.org/research|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Clay Mathematics Institute]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Enyere Connes Peccot-Vimont Prize n'afọ 1976, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-05-11|title=Cours et Prix Claude-Antoine Peccot|url=https://www.college-de-france.fr/fr/prix/cours-et-prix-claude-antoine-peccot|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[College de France]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ampère Prize n'afọ 1980, Fields Medal n'afọ 1982, &lt;ref name=&quot;FieldsMedal00&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Albers, Donald J.|date=1986|title=International mathematical congresses. An illustrated history 1893 – 1986|url=https://www.mathunion.org/fileadmin/IMU/Prizes/Fields/1982/index.html#0x82496a1f_0x0005ea30|accessdate=2018-12-02|publisher=Springer-Verlag}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clay Research Award n'afọ 2000 &lt;ref name=&quot;FieldsMedal01&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=IMU Secretariat|title=Fields Medal – International Mathematical Union (IMU)|url=https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal|accessdate=2018-12-02|publisher=International Mathematical Union}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Crafoord Prize n'afọ 2001. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2005|title=Vanderbilt math professor Alain Connes receives prestigious French science award|url=https://news.vanderbilt.edu/2005/02/16/vanderbilt-math-professor-alain-connes-receives-prestigious-french-science-award-59421/|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Vanderbilt University]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dumas|first=Cécile|date=2004-11-09|title=Alain Connes, médaillé d'or du CNRS|url=https://www.sciencesetavenir.fr/fondamental/alain-connes-medaille-d-or-du-cnrs_22257|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Sciences et Avenir]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|date=2005|title=Alain Connes: indomitable explorer|url=http://www2.cnrs.fr/sites/band/fichier/ra_2004_gb.pdf|journal=A Year at CNRS 2004|pages=10–11}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2004|title=Alain Connes, Médaille d’or 2004 du CNRS|url=http://www2.cnrs.fr/sites/band/fichier/or.pdf|work=[[CNRS]]|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2004|title=Alain Connes, mathématicien, Médaille d'or du CNRS 2004|url=https://archives.cnrs.fr/presse/article/582|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[CNRS]]|language=fr-FR|archivedate=2023-01-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121205859/https://archives.cnrs.fr/presse/article/582}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Burgos|first=Valérie|date=2023-01-31|title=Médailles d’argent du CNRS 1960-2010|url=https://comihistocnrs.hypotheses.org/2706|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=Comité pour l'histoire du CNRS|language=fr-FR}}&lt;/ref&gt;French National Centre for Scientific Research nyere ya Ihe nrite ọlaọcha na 1977 [1] na ihe nrite ego edo na 2004. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Ọ bụ ọkà okwu a kpọrọ òkù na International Congress of Mathematicians n'afọ 1974 na Vancouver n'afọ 1986 na Berkeley, na ọkà okwu zuru oke na ICM na 1978 na Helsinki.
[[Usòrò:Villeneuve-d'Ascq_-_IUT_A_-_Alain_Connes_-_3.jpg|thumb|Alain Connes na nnọkọ na 2012 na Villeneuve-d'Ascq.]]
E nyere ya nzere nsọpụrụ site na Mahadum Queen na Kingston n'afọ 1979, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=1858-2011 Honorary Degree Recipients|url=https://www.queensu.ca/registrar/sites/uregwww/files/uploaded_files/pdfs/HDrecipients.pdf|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Queen's University at Kingston]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum Rome Tor Vergata na 1997, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|title=Lauree Honoris Causa|url=https://web.uniroma2.it/it/contenuto/lauree_honoris_causa|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[University of Rome Tor Vergata]]|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum Oslo n'afọ 1999, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Æresdoktorer ved UiO 2000-2008|url=https://www.uio.no/om/tall-og-fakta/aresdoktorer/tidligere-aresdoktorer/2000-2008/|work=[[Oslo University]]|language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mahadum Southern Denmark n'afọ 2009, Mahadum Libre de Bruxelles n'afọ 2010 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|title=ULB’s honorary doctorates|url=https://www.ulb.be/en/about-ulb/ulbs-honorary-doctorates|accessdate=2023-05-26|work=[[Université libre de Bruxelles]]|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; na Mahadim Shanghai Fudan n'afọ 2017.

== Akwụkwọ ==

* Alain Connes and Matilde Marcolli, ''Noncommutative Geometry, Quantum Fields and Motives'', Colloquium Publications, American Mathematical Society, 2007, {{ISBN|978-0-8218-4210-2}} [http://www.alainconnes.org/docs/bookwebfinal.pdf]
* Alain Connes, André Lichnerowicz, and Marcel-Paul Schutzenberger, ''Triangle of Thought'', translated by Jennifer Gage, American Mathematical Society, 2001, {{ISBN|978-0-8218-2614-0}}
* Jean-Pierre Changeux and Alain Connes, ''Conversations on Mind, Matter, and Mathematics'', translated by M. B. DeBevoise, Princeton University Press, 1998, {{ISBN|978-0-691-00405-1}}
* Alain Connes, ''Noncommutative Geometry'', Academic Press, 1994, {{ISBN|978-0-12-185860-5}}&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Segal, Irving|authorlink=Irving Segal|title=Book Review: ''Noncommutative Geometry'', by Alan Connes|journal=Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society|year=1996|volume=33|issue=4|pages=459–465|url=https://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1996-33-04/S0273-0979-96-00687-8/S0273-0979-96-00687-8.pdf|doi=10.1090/s0273-0979-96-00687-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Usoro Bost-Connes
* Ụdị okirikiri
* Nkwekọrịta okirikiri
* Ihe (nnyocha ọrụ) 
* Higgs boson
* C*-algebra
* Noncommutative quantum field theory
* Echiche M
* Ìgwè
* Akara atọ
* Nkatọ nke nyocha na-abụghị ọkọlọtọ
* Echiche Riemann

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Alain Connes Official Web Site nwere [http://www.alainconnes.org/en/downloads.php akwụkwọ ndị a na-ebudata], na akwụkwọ ya Non-commutative geometry,  . 
* Alain ConnesnanLab
* [http://resonaances.blogspot.com/2007/02/alain-connes-standard-model.html Ihe nlereanya Alain Connes]
* Ajụjụ ọnụ Alain Connes na [http://www.math.columbia.edu/~woit/wordpress/?p=313 mkparịta ụka banyere ya]
* Alain ConnesnaUsoro mgbakọ na mwepụ Genealogy Project
* Alain Connesmbipụta ndị edepụtara site naOnye Ọkà mmụta Google
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Òtù:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
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&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sinach, Judikay others set for Emmanuel Iren's Apostolos album|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/sinach-judikay-others-set-for-emmanuel-irens-apostolos-album/|work=The Nation Newspaper}}&lt;/ref&gt;'''Judith Kanayo-Opara,''' onye a maara nke ọma site na aha egwu ya '''Judikay''' (amụrụ n'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Ọktoba) bụ Onye na-agụ egwú gospel na Naijiria, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nigeria|first=Guardian|date=2023-06-17|title=At TAPE, Mercy Chinwo, Judikay, Prinx Emmanuel, others thrill audience|url=https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/at-tape-gospel-artistes-thrill-audience/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714205128/https://guardian.ng/saturday-magazine/high-society/at-tape-gospel-artistes-thrill-audience/}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye ndú ofufe na onye na-ede egwu. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Abiodun|first=Nejo|title=Judikay, Sammie Okposo, Nathaniel Bassey, others set for Tope Alabi’s concert|url=https://punchng.com/sammie-okposo-nathaniel-bassey-others-set-for-tope-alabis-concert/|work=Punch Newspapers}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2023-01-21|title=Top Nigerian Gospel Music Artists To Look Out For In 2023 » Yours Truly|url=https://www.yourstru.ly/articles/top-nigerian-gospel-artists-sinach-bassey-and-ones-to-look-out-for-in-2023/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=www.yourstru.ly|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714202625/https://www.yourstru.ly/articles/top-nigerian-gospel-artists-sinach-bassey-and-ones-to-look-out-for-in-2023/}}&lt;/ref&gt; nwetara ewu ewu maka egwu ya nke afọ 2019 &quot;More than Gold&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dekolo|first=Jolomi|date=2023-05-04|title=Judikay Gets Boomplay Plaque As Album Hits 50Million Streams On Global Music Network|url=https://www.selahafrik.com/2023/05/judikay-album-hits-50million/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; weputara egwu izizi ya, &quot;Nobody Else&quot;, na 2013 wee weputara abọm izizi ya. [1]

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Judikay na Sango otta, Ogun steeti na 26 October 1987 ma bụrụ nwa mbụ nne na nna ya.O si n'okpuru ọchịchị Oshimili South nke Delta steeti.O nwetara nzere sekondiri na Dalos College, Ota,Ogun State, ma nweta nzere bachelọ na Theater Arts na Mahadum Redeemer, Osun Steeti &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judikay Biography (Career, Net worth, Songs)|url=https://naijabiography.com/biography/judikay-biography-education-career-song-networth-songs/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Naijabiography Media|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714145510/https://naijabiography.com/biography/judikay-biography-education-career-song-networth-songs/}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

O nwetara nzere sekondiri na Dalos College,Ota,Ogun State, ma nweta nzere bachelọ na Theater Arts na Mahadum Redeemer,Osun State.                       &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Man|first=The New|date=2023-07-13|title=Biography of Minister Judith Kanayo (Judikay)|url=https://www.thenewman.org.ng/2021/05/biography-of-judikay.html|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=The New Man}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ọrụ egwu ==
Judikay malitere njem egwu ya dị ka onye na-agụ egwú na ụka ya, Christian Pentecostal Mission. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Shogbade|first=Praise|date=2022-09-13|title=Top 10 Trending Gospel Songs in Nigeria 2022|url=https://rnn.ng/trending-gospel-songs-in-nigeria/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=rnn.ng|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230627180550/https://rnn.ng/trending-gospel-songs-in-nigeria/}}&lt;/ref&gt; oge na-aga, ọ ghọrọ onye na-agụ egwú maka Florocka. N'afọ 2013, ọ wepụtara egwu mbụ ya akpọrọ &quot;Nobody Else&quot;, na-egosi ọdịdị ya n'egwuregwu egwu. Ọ nwetara ewu ewu na 2019 mgbe ọ wepụtara egwu nke abụọ ya &quot;More than Gold&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Know Judikay|url=https://eezeeconceptz.org/ministers/judikay/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=EeZee Conceptz|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Reporter|date=2022-07-19|title=Meet The Top Gospel Artistes Making Waves|url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/meet-the-new-gospel-artistes-making-waves/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=City People Magazine|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Febụwarị 25, 2019, ọ bịanyere aka na EeZee Conceptz, ụlọ ọrụ ndekọ ozioma nke Naijiria. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-02-27|title=EeZee Conceptz Signs Gospel Music Minister Judikay Kanayo - Praiseworld Radio|url=https://www.praiseworldradio.com/eezee-conceptz-signs-gospel-music-minister-judikay-kanayo/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Praiseworld Radio {{!}} Africa's #1 Online Gospel Radio Station {{!}} Nigeria|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'otu afọ ahụ na Nọvemba, ọ wepụtara abọm izizi ya &quot;Man of Galilee&quot;, nke nwere egwu iri na anọ.

Na June 2022, Judikay wepụtara abọm nke abụọ ya &quot;From this Heart&quot; nke nwere egwu iri na abụọ gụnyere &quot;Mudiana&quot;, &quot;Jesus is Coming&quot; na &quot;Your Grace&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|date=2021-01-04|title=Judikay releases new video, 'Jesus Is Coming' {{!}} WATCH VIDEO!|url=https://notjustok.com/videos/judikay-jesus-is-coming/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=NotjustOk|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714160114/https://notjustok.com/videos/judikay-jesus-is-coming/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=BellaNaija.com|date=2022-06-10|title=New Video: Judikay – Mudiana|url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/06/video-judikay-mudiana/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=BellaNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Nigerian gospel hit by Judikay takes Kenya, Tik Tok by storm|url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/article/2001416431/nigerian-gospel-hit-takes-kenya-tik-tok-by-storm|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=The Standard}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-05-04|title=Judikay Reaches 50Million Streams On Boomplay Global Music Network|url=https://henotace.org/judikay-gets-boomplay-plaque-as-album-hits-50million-streams-on-music-network/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=HENOTACE.ORG|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714164303/https://henotace.org/judikay-gets-boomplay-plaque-as-album-hits-50million-streams-on-music-network/}}&lt;/ref&gt; ahụ nwetara Boomplay Plaque mgbe ọ kụrụ nde iyi 50 na netwọk egwu zuru ụwa ọnụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=2021 Top 50 Gospel Songs|url=https://www.boomplay.com/playlists/27806768|work=Boomplay}}&lt;/ref&gt;&quot;Capable God&quot; bụkwa nke mbụ na Boomplay's 2021 Top 50 Gospel Songs. [1]

Onye na-ese ihe gospel, Enkay Ogburuche gosipụtara ya n'abụ akpọrọ &quot;Delight&quot; na Jenụwarị 2023. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-02-24|title=Enkay Ogboruche’s ‘Declaration’ featuring Judikay hits global music shelves|url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/enkay-ogboruches-declaration-hits-global-music-shelves/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Tribune Online|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-08|title=Pastor Emmanuel Iren releases his debut album 'Apostolos' featuring Sinach, Judikay|url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pastor-emmanuel-iren-releases-his-debut-album-apostolos/ke9ycg1|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Pulse Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt; na ndị ọzọ na-ese ozioma gụnyere Emmanuel Iren, Mercy Chinwo, Enkay Ogboruche na ndị ọzọ arụkọwo ọrụ.

== Nkọwapụta ==

=== Abọm ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Afọ A tọhapụrụ ya
!Aha ya
!Nkọwa
!Nkwupụta
|-
|Nọvemba 2019
|''Nwoke nke Gailee''
|
* Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke egwu: 14
* Ụdị: Ịgba egwu, nbudata dijitalụ
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judikay - Man of Galilee (Album)|url=https://eezeeconceptz.org/release/judikay-man-of-galilee/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=EeZee Conceptz|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|June 2022
|''Site n'Obi A''
|
* Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke egwu: 12
* Ụdị: Ịgba egwu, nbudata dijitalụ
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=From This Heart by Judikay {{!}} Album|url=https://www.afrocharts.com/album?id=e2a0a4ae2d|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Afrocharts|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-08-18|title=Judikay’s &quot;From This Heart&quot; is a Sure Conduit of God’s Presence - Afrocritik|url=https://www.afrocritik.com/judikays-from-this-heart-is-a-sure-conduit-of-gods-presence/|accessdate=2023-07-14|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

=== Naanị otu ===

* ''Jehova'Meliwo ft 121 Selah''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Admin|date=2023-04-12|title=Judikay out with new rendition of ‘Song of Angels’ now titled &quot;Jehovah Meliwo&quot; ft. 121Selah|url=https://worshippersgh.com/judikay-out-with-new-rendition-of-song-of-angels-now-titled-jehovah-meliwo-ft-121selah/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=WorshippersGh|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714160113/https://worshippersgh.com/judikay-out-with-new-rendition-of-song-of-angels-now-titled-jehovah-meliwo-ft-121selah/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-04-09|title=Judikay Releases New Single, &quot;Jehovah Meliwo&quot; Feat. 121Selah|url=https://notjustok.com/songs/gospel/judikay-releases-new-single-jehovah-meliwo-feat-121selah/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=NotjustOk|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''(2023)'' 
* ''I Bow (2022) ''
* ''Obiọma Gị (2022) ''
* ''Papa You Too Much (2022) ''
* ''Elohim (2022) ''
* ''Onye Maka M (2022) ''
* &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Muhonji|first=Muhunya|date=2023-02-19|title=Powerful worship songs in Nigeria: 20 gospel tracks for prayer|url=https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/1519181-powerful-worship-songs-nigeria-20-gospel-tracks-prayer/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Legit.ng - Nigeria news.|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; dịghị ihe siri ike maka gị ft Ekele [1] ''(2021)'' 
* ''Abụ nke Ndị Mmụọ Ozi (2019) ''
* ''Isi iyi (2019) ''
* ''Karịa Gold ft Mercy Chinwo (2019) ''
* ''Chineke nwere ikike (2019) ''
* ''Obi ruru ya afọ (2017) ''
* ''Nwee Ụzọ Gị (2016) ''
* ''Ọ dịghị Onye Ọzọ (2013) ''

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Judikay lụrụ Ikechukwu Anselem Opara &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Idowu|first=Hannah|date=2021-08-23|title=Full details of singer Judikay's marriage, husband and children|url=https://dnbstories.com/2021/08/full-details-of-judikays-marriage-husband-and-children.html|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=DNB Stories Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; 7 Nọvemba 2020, na Lagos, Naịjirịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=It’s A Boy’ – Singer Judikay And Husband Welcome First Child|url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2022/03/its-a-boy-singer-judikay-and-husband-welcome-first-child/amp/|work=Vanguard Allure}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-03-23|title=Gospel Singer Judikay And Husband Anselem Opera Welcome First Child Together (Photos)|url=https://koko.ng/judikay-and-anselem-opera-welcome-first-child-together/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=koko.ng|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714163123/https://koko.ng/judikay-and-anselem-opera-welcome-first-child-together/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gospel singer, Judikay Welcome First Child|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/gospel-singer-judikay-welcomes-first-child/|work=The Nation}}&lt;/ref&gt; Machị 2022, ha kwupụtara ọmụmụ nwa ha nwoke.

== Onyinye na nhọpụta ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Onakoya|first=Toluwanimi|date=2020-11-08|title=Sinach, Nathaniel Bassey, TY Bello {{!}} Meet YNaija’s Top 10 Gospel Artistes for October » YNaija|url=https://ynaija.com/sinach-nathaniel-bassey-ty-bello-meet-ynaijas-top-10-gospel-artistes-for-october/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=YNaija|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;Na Nọvemba 2020, a kpọtụrụ Judikay aha na YNaija dị ka otu n'ime ndị nka Oziọma iri kachasị maka Ọktoba, 2020.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!Afọ
!Ihe nrite
!Ụdị
!Nsonaazụ
!Nkwupụta
|-
|2019
|AGMMA
|Onye na-ese ihe nke ọma|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=African Gospel Music &amp; Media Awards (AGMMA) 2019|url=https://astepfwd.com/event/african-gospel-music-media-awards-2019/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=Step FWD UK Christian Chart|language=en-GB|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714203143/https://astepfwd.com/event/african-gospel-music-media-awards-2019/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Nkem|first=Collins|date=2019-06-04|title=List Of Winners For The Africa Gospel Music &amp; Media Awards (AGMMA 2019)|url=https://www.ceenaija.com/list-of-winners-for-the-africa-gospel-music-media-awards-agmma-2019/|accessdate=2023-07-14|work=CeeNaija|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2020
|Ihe nrite Maranatha
|Minista Nwanyị Kasị Mma|{{Won}}
|
|-
|Onyinye Mmetụta Oziọma
|Onye Africa na-ese ihe n'afọ|{{Won}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judikay Wins Impact African Artiste Of The Year Awards|url=https://www.thechristianfeeds.com/2021/12/judikay-wins-impact-african-artiste-of.html|accessdate=2023-07-14|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714144703/https://www.thechristianfeeds.com/2021/12/judikay-wins-impact-african-artiste-of.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|Ihe nrite Maranatha
|Abụ Oziọma nke Afọ|{{Nom}}
|
|-
|2022
|Onyinye Vaịn
|Ihe Omume Afọ nke Afrịka|{{Nom}}
|&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judikay, Moji Shortbaba, Pompi, and Limoblaze nominated for Vine Awards in Uganda. – Bloom Radio|url=https://bloomradio.co.ke/judikay-moji-shortbaba-pompi-and-limoblaze-nominated-for-vine-awards-in-uganda/|accessdate=2023-07-14|language=en-US|archivedate=2023-07-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230714162235/https://bloomradio.co.ke/judikay-moji-shortbaba-pompi-and-limoblaze-nominated-for-vine-awards-in-uganda/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndepụta nke ndị na-agụ egwú gospel na Naijiria
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Karen Russell</title>
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'''Karen Russell''' (amuru July 10, 1981) bu onye ode akwukwo America na ode akwukwo nkenke. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mpụta mbụ ya, ''Swamplandia!'' , bụ onye ikpeazụ maka 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction . Na 2009 National Book Foundation kpọrọ Russell onye 5 n'okpuru 35 sọpụrụ. Ọ bụkwa onye nnata nke MacArthur Foundation &quot;Genius Grant&quot; na 2013.

== Ndụ mbido ==
Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Coral Gables Senior High School na Miami, Florida na 1999, Russell nwetara BA na Spanish site na Mahadum Northwwest na 2003. Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na mmemme MFA na Mahadum Columbia na 2006. Nwa amaala Miami, dịka nke 2019 o bi na Portland, Oregon, ya na di ya, onye nchịkọta akụkọ Tony Perez, na ụmụ abụọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/authors/70463/karen-russell|title=Karen Russell {{!}} Penguin Random House|work=PenguinRandomhouse.com|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;  Nwanne ya nwoke, Kent Russell, bụkwa onye edemede.

== Ọrụ na onyinye ==
Edepụtala akụkọ Russell na ''Akụkọ Mkpirisi nke America Kachasị Mma'', ''Njikọ'', ''Granta'', ''New Yorker'', ''Oxford American'', na ''Zoetrope'' . &lt;ref name=&quot;background&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Karen Russell|date=August 2004|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/author/results.pperl?authorid=70463|accessdate=2006-11-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akpọrọ ya aha National Book Foundation &quot;5 Under 35&quot; na-eto eto na-ede akwụkwọ nsọpụrụ na ememe November 2009 &lt;ref&gt;&quot;The National Book Foundation's [https://web.archive.org/web/20180728185506/http://www.nationalbook.org/5under35_2009.html#.T7RjH1J0kZ8 '5 Under 35' Fiction Selections For 2009&quot;.]&lt;/ref&gt; maka nchịkọta akụkọ mbụ ya, ''St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves'', nke Russell meriri Bard Fiction Prize na 2011. 

Akwụkwọ nke abụọ Russell na akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ , ''Swamplandia!'' , ihe dị ka otu ezinụlọ nke ndị mgba mgba mgba na ogige ntụrụndụ ha na-adịghị mma na Everglades bụ ndị e depụtara ogologo oge maka Nrite Orange 2011. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.orangeprize.co.uk/prize.html|title=ORANGE PRIZE FOR FICTION ANNOUNCES 2011 LONGLIST|accessdate=22 March 2011|archivedate=10 February 2013|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130210023556/http://www.orangeprize.co.uk/prize.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agụnyekwara akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na T &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwPg&quot;&gt;New York Times&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; &lt;nowiki&gt;''&lt;/nowiki&gt;10 Best Book of 2011' &lt;ref&gt;[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/11/books/10-best-books-of-2011.html?hp &quot;The 10 Best Books of 2011&quot;]&lt;/ref&gt; wee nweta ihe nrite akwụkwọ akụkọ ifo na-eto eto nke New York 2012. &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.nypl.org/press/press-release/2012/03/08/finalists-chosen-new-york-public-library%E2%80%99s-2012young-lions-fiction-aw &quot;Finalists Chosen for The New York Public Library’s 2012 Young Lions Fiction Award&quot;], New York Public Library, March 8, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt; ''Swamplandia!'' bụ onye ikpeazụ maka 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Fiction ; otu o sila dị, ọ dịghị onye n'ime ndị asọmpi atọ ahụ nwetara votu zuru ezu, ọ dịghịkwa ihe nrite e nyere. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2012/apr/17/pulitzer-prize-fiction-2012-withheld|title=Pulitzers 2012: prize for fiction withheld for first time in 35 years|author=Flood|first=Alison|date=2012-04-17|work=The Guardian|accessdate=2019-01-22|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nchịkọta akụkọ mkpirisi nke abụọ Russell, ''Vampires in the Lemon Grove,'' bụ Vintage Contemporaries bipụtara na Febụwarị 2013. Nchịkọta akụkọ mkpụmkpụ ya nke atọ, ''Orange World na Akụkọ ndị ọzọ ,'' ewepụtara na Mee 2019.

Akụkọ ya dị mkpirikpi &quot;The Hox River Window,&quot; nke e bipụtara na ''Zoetrope: Akụkọ niile'', meriri 2012 National Magazine Award maka akụkọ ifo.  Ọ bụ onye nnata nke Mary Ellen von der Heyden Berlin Prize wee nye ya mkpakọrịta na American Academy na Berlin maka oge opupu ihe ubi 2012.  &quot;Reeling for the Empire&quot; nwetara ihe nrite Shirley Jackson maka akwụkwọ akụkọ kacha mma nke 2012. Na 2013, Russell nwetara MacArthur Foundation &quot;Genius Grant.&quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.prhspeakers.com/speaker/karen-russell|title=Karen Russell|work=Penguin Random House Speakers Bureau|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2010 Russell nọrọ oge dị ka onye ode akwụkwọ nleta na Ụlọ Ọrụ Odee nke Iowa .  O mechara jee ozi dị ka onye na-ese ihe na ebe obibi na Yaddo na Saratoga Springs, NY . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=MacArthur Fellowships Awarded to Yaddo Guests|url=https://www.yaddo.org/about/yaddo-macarthur-fellows/|accessdate=23 June 2018|language=en|archivedate=22 April 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190422034624/https://www.yaddo.org/about/yaddo-macarthur-fellows/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na Fall 2013, Russell bụ onye nkuzi ọbịa ama ama nke ide ihe na mmemme MFA na Mahadum Rutgers-Camden . &lt;ref&gt;[http://news.rutgers.edu/camden/pulitzer-prize-nomin-20130109 &quot;Pulitzer Prize Nominee to Serve as Guest Teacher for Rutgers-Camden MFA Program&quot;], Rutgers Today, January 9, 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;

Russell abụrụla Onye isi oche Enyere aka na Ederede Okike na mmemme MFA nke Mahadum Texas State kemgbe 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.english.txstate.edu/mfa/Faculty/Endowed-Chair.html|title=Endowed Chair|date=25 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ==
 

=== Akwụkwọ akụkọ ===

* {{Cite book|title=Swamplandia!|publisher=Knopf|year=2011 &lt;!--|isbn=978-0-307-26399-5--&gt;}}

=== Akụkọ ifo dị mkpụmkpụ ===

; Nchịkọta

* {{Cite book|title=St. Lucy's Home for Girls Raised by Wolves|publisher=Knopf|year=2006 &lt;!--|isbn=978-0-307-26398-8--&gt;}}
* {{Cite book|title=Vampires in the lemon grove : stories|publisher=Knopf|year=2013 &lt;!--|isbn=978-0-307-95723-8--&gt;}}
* {{Cite book|title=[[Orange World and Other Stories|Orange World and other stories]]|publisher=Knopf|year=2019 &lt;!--|isbn=978-0-525-65613-5--&gt;}}

; Akụkọ

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;25%&quot; |Aha
! Afọ
! Ebipụtara nke mbụ
! Ebigharịrị/anakọta
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;family restaurant&quot; | Ụlọ oriri na ọṅụṅụ ezinụlọ
| 2011
| 
| 
|-
| Onyinye ihi ụra : akwụkwọ akụkọ
| 2014
| 
|
|-
| data-sort-value=&quot;bog girl&quot; | The Bog Girl
| 2016
| 
|
|}

=== Ndị na-abụghị akụkọ ifo ===

*  &lt;ref&gt;Title in the online table of contents is &quot;Can video games help stroke victims?&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;i id=&quot;mwqw&quot;&gt;Na-egosiputa&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; (opera)

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons category|Karen Russell}}

* [http://www.randomhouse.com/author/results.pperl?authorid=70463 Ibe ode akwụkwọ Random House]
* [http://www.edrants.com/segundo/karen-rusell-bss-379/ Ajụjụ ọnụ pọdkastị 2011] na Bat Segundo Show
* [http://www.bookbrowse.com/author_interviews/full/index.cfm?author_number=1367 &quot;Mkparịta ụka ya na Karen Russell gbasara akwụkwọ akụkọ mbụ ya, Swamplandia!&quot;], ''Nchọgharị akwụkwọ''
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20230516231932/https://msnyder.typepad.com/the_labyrinth/2010/06/interview-with-karen-russell-author-of-st-lucys-home-for-girls-raised-by-wolves.html &quot;Ajụjụ ya na Karen Russell: Onye ode akwụkwọ nke ''St. Lucy's Home Maka ụmụ agbọghọ Wolves zụlitere'' &quot;], ''Na Labyrinth'', June 16, 2010
* [http://www.newyorker.com/fiction/features/2010/06/14/100614fi_fiction_20under40_qa_karen-russell &quot;20 N'okpuru 40: Q. &amp; A.Karen Russell&quot;], ''New Yorker'', Jun 14, 2010
* 
* Karen Russell  

=== Akụkọ dị mkpirikpi ===

* [http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/06/13/050613fi_fiction Na-akpọ Olivia]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130421024646/http://www.conjunctions.com/webcon/russell.htm Ogige ihi ụra nke ZZ maka ndị nrọ ahụ nwere nsogbu nke Karen Russell dere]
* [http://recommendedreading.tumblr.com/post/43561524775/the-graveless-doll-of-eric-mutis-by-karen-russell Nwa bebi na-enweghị isi nke Eric Mutis]
{{Authority control}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Kelemu na-aga n'ihu</title>
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[[File:Segenet Kelemu 2010 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kelemu na-aga n'ihu]]
'''Segenet Kelemu''' bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]], kwuru maka nyocha ya dị ka onye na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ na-ahụ maka ihe ọkụkụ, yana onye ndu sayensị pụtara ìhè. N'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ afọ iri atọ, Segenet na nyocha ndị otu ya enyela aka n'ịgbasa nsogbu ọrụ ugbo na Africa, [[Asia]], Latin America na North America.

Kemgbe 2013, Segenet abụrụla onye isi oche nke International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, &lt;ref name=&quot;icipe.org&quot;&gt;[http://www.icipe.org/ International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology], Retrieved 2017&lt;/ref&gt; naanị ụlọ akwụkwọ Africa raara nye nyocha banyere ụmụ ahụhụ na arthropods ndị ọzọ. Na mbụ, ọ bụ Director nke Biosciences n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na Central Africa (BecA); Onye isi oche nke mmemme na Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), na onye ndu nke ihe ubi na Agroecosystem Health Management na International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT).

Segenet enwetala ọtụtụ nkwanye ugwu mba ụwa gụnyere: onyinye nrite L'Oréal-UNESCO maka ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị na 2014; Onye otu, TWAS - Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Ọmụmụ Sayensị Ụwa; doctorate nsọpụrụ nke Mahadum Tel Aviv, na Mee 2016; nnabata dị ka otu n'ime Forbes Africa kacha 100 ụmụ nwanyị Africa kacha emetụta, na Mee 2014; kwuru dị ka otu n'ime ụmụ nwanyị 10 kacha emetụta ụmụ nwanyị Africa na ọrụ ugbo site na Journal of Gender, Agriculture and Food Security (AgriGender Journal) na ntuli aka dị ka onye otu nke African Academy of Sciences. Nkwanyere ya ndị ọzọ gụnyere: Ihe nrite nke CIAT's Senior Scientist Award; Ihe nrite ọbụbụenyi nke ndị Republic of China nyere na onyinye TWAS maka sayensị ọrụ ugbo, nke TWAS, the World Academy of Sciences nyere.

== Ndụ mbido ==
A mụrụ Segenet Kelemu n'obodo Finote Selam nke [[Ethiopia|Etiopia]] . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://hub.africabiosciences.org/download-document/56-segolip-unit-brochure.html|title=Interview with the Boss - BecA-ILRI hub|work=hub.africabiosciences.org|language=en-gb|accessdate=2017-09-30|archivedate=2017-09-30|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170930190534/http://hub.africabiosciences.org/download-document/56-segolip-unit-brochure.html}}.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.vpro.nl/programmas/the-mind-of-the-universe/kijk/wetenschappers/kelemu.html|title=Segenet Kelemu - the mind of the universe|work=VPRO|date=June 11, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'ụlọ akwụkwọ, Segenet, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-esiri ndị nkụzi ike ịma aka na ndị na-emegiderịta onwe ha, gosipụtara mkpebi onwe onye na, karịa ihe niile, nkà mmụta. O nwere ihe ndabara nke ọma inwe ndị nkuzi mara ma zụlite ikike ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Dr-Segenet-Kelemu-ICIPE-Women-Scientist/434746-2330830-utll0tz/index.html|title=Chinese honour nudges scientist home|work=The East African|accessdate=2017-09-14|language=en-UK}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Dịka ọtụtụ ụmụaka ndị ọzọ nọ n'obodo ya, a tụrụ anya na Segenet ga-enyere aka n'ọrụ ugbo. Ọzọkwa, site n'oge ọ bụ nwata, o gosipụtara mmetụta siri ike nke ibu ọrụ, n'ihi ya, nne ya nyere ya ọrụ ire ihe ọkụkụ n'ahịa; jide n'aka na ọ ga-akpakọrịta ọnụ ahịa kacha mma ma chekwaa ego ahụ. Ya mere, Kelemu mụtara eziokwu ndị siri ike gbasara ọrụ ugbo: ọrụ na-agbaji azụ ya-karịsịa maka ụmụ nwanyị, yana ihe ịma aka dị n'ịrụpụta ihe, bụ nke tinyere ndị mmadụ n'ime obodo ya na mgba mgbe nile iji gboo mkpa nri ezinụlọ kacha nta; mana n'etiti ihe niile, ikike nke ngalaba ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọ nwere mmetụta ọkpụkpọ oku ka ọ chọọ ihe ngwọta maka mgbochi ọrụ ugbo. Ya mere, ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụ nwa akwụkwọ kacha elu, Segenet kpebiri ịrara onwe ya nye na sayensị na ọrụ ugbo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://hub.africabiosciences.org/media-center/news/56-top-story2009010801|title=Interview with the Boss - BecA-ILRI hub|work=hub.africabiosciences.org|language=en-gb|accessdate=2017-09-14|archivedate=2017-09-14|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914131659/http://hub.africabiosciences.org/media-center/news/56-top-story2009010801}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ ==
[[Usòrò:Segenet_Kelemu_on_how_Africa_can_conquer_the_world_through_its_knowledge_of_the_world_of_insects-VPRO.ogv|áká_ịkẹngạ|thumb| Segenet Kelemu sitere na usoro &quot;Uche nke Eluigwe na Ala&quot;.]]
N'afọ 1974, Segenet ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ sitere na mpaghara ya ịbanye na mahadum [[Addis Ababa]] - ebe ọ bụ otu n'ime ụmụ agbọghọ ole na ole na klas nke 200 - gụsịrị akwụkwọ, n'elu klas ya, na nzere bachelọ na 1979. Ọ kwagara US. Na Mahadum Montana State, ọ nwetara akara ugo mmụta nna ukwu na ihe ọkụkụ na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na 1985. O mechara gaa Mahadum Kansas State, na-enweta PhD na bayoloji ihe omimi na ihe ọkụkụ na 1989. Usoro mmụta PhD ya bụ &quot;Cloning Molecular na njirimara nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa si na ''Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae'' &quot;. Kelemu mere nyocha nke postdoctoral na ihe ndị na-achọpụta molecular nke pathogenesis na Mahadum Cornell site na 1989 ruo 1992. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/about_team/governing-council/dr-segenet-kelemu-2|title=Dr Segenet Kelemu|publisher=International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|work=icipe.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
N'agbata 1992 na 2007, Segenet rụrụ ọrụ na International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), [[Colombia]], nke mbụ dị ka onye ọkà mmụta sayensị dị elu, ma mesịa Onye isi nke Crop na Agroecosystem Health Management. Nnyocha ya lekwasịrị anya n'ịkọwapụta ndị na-achọpụta mkpụrụ ndụ nke mmekọrịta ndị ọbịa-pathogen, mmepe nke usoro njikwa ọrịa osisi ọhụrụ gụnyere injinia mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, biopesticides, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-akpata nje na ihe ike, microbes endophytic na ọrụ ha na mmepe osisi. N'August 2007, Segenet kpebiri ịlaghachi n'Africa, kpebisie ike inye aka ahụmahụ ya n'itinye nkà mmụta sayensị dị oke mkpa n'okwu mmepe, iji dozie nsogbu kọntinent ahụ. Ọ natara ọkwa dịka onye isi ụlọ ọrụ Biosciences n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na etiti Africa (BecA). N'okpuru nduzi ya, a tụgharịrị atụmatụ BecA site n'echiche esemokwu ka ọ bụrụ ike ịkwọ ụgbọala na-agbanwe ihu nke biosciences Africa. Ikike nyocha nke BecA, ndị ọrụ, akụrụngwa, ego, ndị mmekọ na mmemme ọzụzụ agbasawanyela n'ọsọ na-aga n'ihu. Ọ achịkọtala ma kpalie ndị otu sayensị na nka nka ji oke mmasị maka iji sayensị kwalite mmepe bioscience nke Africa. Na 2013, Kelemu sonyeere Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) ka osote onye isi oche maka mmemme ihe dị ka otu afọ. Na Nọvemba 2013, Segenet ghọrọ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology &lt;ref name=&quot;icipe.org&quot;/&gt; (ICIPE), naanị ụlọ ọrụ Africa raara nye nyocha banyere ụmụ ahụhụ na arthropods ndị ọzọ, nke dị na Nairobi, Kenya. Ọ bụ onye isi nke anọ na nwanyị mbụ ga-achị ụlọ ọrụ ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.diretube.com/articles/read-ethiopian-scientist-appointed-4th-director-general-of-icipe_3439.html|title=Ethiopian Scientist Appointed 4th Director General of icipe - DireTube - Ethiopian Largest Video Sharing Site|accessdate=2017-11-15|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915120215/https://www.diretube.com/articles/read-ethiopian-scientist-appointed-4th-director-general-of-icipe_3439.html|archivedate=2017-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.diretube.com/articles/read-ethiopian-scientist-appointed-4th-director-general-of-icipe_3439.html|title=Ethiopian Scientist Appointed 4th Director General of icipe|date=August 2013|work=Diretube|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915120215/https://www.diretube.com/articles/read-ethiopian-scientist-appointed-4th-director-general-of-icipe_3439.html|archivedate=2017-09-15}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/about_team/governing-council/dr-segenet-kelemu-2|title=Dr Segenet Kelemu {{!}} icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|work=www.icipe.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Jenụwarị 2018, onye ọrụ enyemaka bụ [[Bill Gates]] họpụtara Segenet dị ka otu n'ime &quot;ndị dike [ndị] ndụ ise na-akpali m&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.gatesnotes.com/About-Bill-Gates/These-Heroes-Are-Saving-the-World|title=No masks or capes, but these heroes are saving the world|first=Bill|author=Gates|authorlink=Bill Gates|date=4 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe nrite na nkwanye ugwu ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|2023
|President of the French Republic
|Dr Kelemu was awarded the title of Officier de L’Ordre national du Mérite (Officer in the National Order of Merit), by the President of the French Republic. 

 2023 Honorary Doctorate degree of Doctor of Philosophy Honoris Causa, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
|-
|2022
|Ellis Island Medal of Honor
|The Medal recognizes individuals who have made it their mission to share with those less fortunate, their wealth of knowledge, indomitable courage, boundless compassion, unique talents and selfless generosity. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ellis Island Medals of Honor Archive|url=http://medalists.eihonors.org/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA)
|Dr Kelemu is one of the scientists featured in a publication titled, Earth, Oceans and Skies: Insights from selected, outstanding African women scientists, published by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|date=2022|title=Earth, oceans and skies: insights from selected, outstanding African women scientists|url=https://hdl.handle.net/10855/47590}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2022
|Enat Bank, Ethiopia
|Named its 94th branch, located in Addis Ababa, after Dr  Kelemu, in honour of her excellence in the world of science.
|-
|2022
|Doha Debates
|On 7 June, Doha Debates announced that the latest individual honoured in their SolvingIt series is Dr Segenet Kelemu, one of Africa’s leading scientists and a role model for women in science and research around the world. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Top Ethiopian scientist honored by international news organization|date=12 June 2022|url=https://www.capitalethiopia.com/2022/06/12/top-ethiopian-scientist-honored-by-international-news-organization/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2021
|The Borgen Project
|Dr Kelemu was recognised among brilliant women breaking barriers, improving global health, and inspiring others to pursue careers in science, a ‘modern Marie Curie’, by The Borgen Project, in honour of International Women and Girls in Science Day and International Women’s Day, 2021.
|-
|2019
|Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry International Fellow
|The Fellows are chosen for their work as related to the academy's mission: &quot;To promote agriculture and forestry and associated activities with the support of science and practical experience and in the interest of society.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://medalists.eihonors.org/index.html|title=EIHS Medalists}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|- 
|2019
|Distinguished Alumni Fellow of Kansas State University, USA
|The Fellows are chosen based on their high levels of professional accomplishment and distinguished service in their respective careers &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/news/icipe-director-general-honoured-alma-mater|title=Icipe Director General honoured by alma mater &amp;#124; icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2019
|Science Honoree of the Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
|Each year, the Center acknowledges an exceptional individual who has had extraordinary impact in agriculture, food nutrition, or human health. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/news/icipe-director-general-honoured-research-impact-african-farmers|title=Icipe Director General honoured for research impact on African farmers &amp;#124; icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|Woman of the Decade in Natural and Sustainable Ecosystems
|The award is the highest honour conferred by the Women Economic Forum (WEF) for outstanding leadership. A global conference of the ALL Ladies League (ALL), WEF is the largest women chamber in the world, with about 70,000 members in 150 countries.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/news/icipe-director-general-honoured-0|title=Icipe Director General honoured &amp;#124; icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018
|Bill Gates ‘Heroes in the Field’
|The ‘Heroes in the Field’ are individuals who are using their talents to fight poverty, hunger and disease, and providing opportunities for the next generation. The ‘heroes in the field’ were featured in a Time magazine article guest edited by Mr. Gates; a short video that he has narrated on his blog;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Bill Gates|date=January 4, 2018|title=No masks or capes, but these heroes are saving the world|work=GatesNotes|url=https://www.gatesnotes.com/About-Bill-Gates/These-Heroes-Are-Saving-the-World}}&lt;/ref&gt; on the Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation Facebook page and through a series of tweets from Mr. Gates
|-
|2017
|The Mind of the Universe
|The Mind is an ideological cross media project. It will be the first open source TV series ever, providing the whole series for free to all countries in the world in order to 'spread knowledge'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.themindoftheuniverse.org/search|title=Mind of the Universe|author=VPRO|first=The Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision &amp;|accessdate=2017-09-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|Honorary doctorate by Tel Aviv University, Israel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www6.tau.ac.il/honorary/|title=Honorary Degrees - Honorary Degrees|work=www6.tau.ac.il|language=en-gb|accessdate=2017-09-21|archivedate=2012-12-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121227102614/http://www6.tau.ac.il/honorary/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Over the past 50 years, Tel Aviv University has conferred honorary doctorates to remarkable figures in recognition of their professional and philanthropic contributions to society. Kelemu was honoured for pioneering role for women scientists in Africa; commitment in directing major efforts for the transformation of African agriculture; international acclaim as recipient of prestigious awards; service on advisory boards of key international institutions; and her support in the establishment of the Manna Center Program in Food Safety and Security of Tel Aviv University.
|-
|2016
|Fellow, TWAS, The World Academy of Sciences
|TWAS Fellows consist of the developing world's most prestigious scientists.
|-
|2014
|L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science Awards&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt;
|The L'Oréal-UNESCO For Women in Science programme recognises achievements and contributions of exceptional females across the globe, by awarding promising scientists with Fellowships to help further their research.
|-
|2014
|Top 100 most influential African women list by Forbes Africa&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|Forbes is a global media company, focusing on business, investing, technology, entrepreneurship, leadership, and lifestyle.
|-
|2014
|10 most influential African women in agriculture
|Awarded by the Journal of Gender, Agriculture and Food Security (AgriGender Journal)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://agrigenderjournal.com/2015/04/29/10-influential-african-women-in-agriculture/|title=10 influential African women in agriculture|date=29 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014
|Fellow, African Academy of Sciences
|The African Academy of Sciences fellowships is awarded to scientists who have excelled in their respective fields of expertise.
|-
|2011
|TWAS Prize for Agricultural Sciences&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://twas.org/article/twas-announces-2011-prize-winners|title=TWAS Announces 2011 Prize Winners|work=TWAS|date=21 November 2011|language=en|accessdate=2017-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|The TWAS Prizes are awarded to individual scientists from developing countries in recognition of an outstanding contribution to scientific knowledge.
|-
|2006
|Friendship Award granted by the People's Republic of China&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
|The Award is the People's Republic of China's highest award for &quot;foreign experts who have made outstanding contributions to the country's economic and social progress.
|-
|date
|Outstanding Scientist of the Year&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/about_team/governing-council/dr-segenet-kelemu-2|title=Dr Segenet Kelemu - icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|work=www.icipe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|Awarded by the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT)
|}

== bọọdụ ndụmọdụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Date
!Board
!Details
!Designation
|-
|2021
|International Basic Science Programme (IBSP)
|member of the Scientific Board of IBSP, the only international forum in the United Nations that makes recommendations to the Director-General of UNESCO and its Member States on the global situation of the basic sciences.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Universidad de la República|url=https://udelar.edu.uy/portal/|work=[[University of the Republic (Uruguay)|University of the Republic Urugua]]|accessdate=18 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606041814/https://udelar.edu.uy/portal/|archivedate=2023-06-06|language=es}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ellis Island Medals of Honor Archive|work=Ellis Island Honors Society|url=http://medalists.eihonors.org/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{failed verification|date=May 2023}}&lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template &quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The material near this tag failed verification of its source citation(s). (May 2023)&quot;&gt;failed verification&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;
|-
|2020
|Global Action for Fall Armyworm Control
|Launched in 2019 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and chaired by the Director General of FAO, the three-year global initiative will take radical, direct and coordinated measures to strengthen prevention and sustainable pest control capacities at a global level.
|Vice Chair &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/global-action/en/|title=Coordination Bodies &amp;#124; Global Action for Fall Armyworm Control &amp;#124; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|accessdate=2024-03-13|archivedate=2024-09-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240929134218/https://www.fao.org/fall-armyworm/global-action/en/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Government of Australia
|Dr Kelemu shares her expertise to help ACIAR investment in research for development to have the biggest impact
|Policy Advisory Council Member &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Policy Advisory Council Members|work=Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research|url=https://aciar.gov.au/policy-advisory-council/policy-advisory-council-members}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2018 -- present
|Advisory Board, End Hunger Sustainably
|The initiative aims to build the evidence base to achieve the SDGs.
|Panel member&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Laborde|first=David|title=Journal Advisory Board|url=https://ceres2030.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/1_1_l_cfs45_side_event_materials.pdf|publisher=[[Food and Agriculture Organization]]|accessdate=18 June 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220116230511/https://ceres2030.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/1_1_l_cfs45_side_event_materials.pdf|archivedate=January 16, 2022|language=en|date=15 Nov 2018|quote=Segenut Kelemu, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) (Kenya)}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2020
|Falling Walls Conference, Life Sciences Jury Session
|Since its inception, the conference has become a unique global platform connecting science, business and society through a shared commitment to create breakthrough solutions to challenges across borders and disciplines.
|Jury member  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://falling-walls.com/conference/about/|title=About &amp;#124; Falling Walls Conference|accessdate=2024-03-13|archivedate=2022-06-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220611190812/https://falling-walls.com/conference/about/}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2017
|Boris Mints Institute prize
|The prize, which started in 2017, will award USD 100,000 to an exceptional individual who has devoted their research and academic life to solving a strategic global challenge.
|Member, Evaluation Panel&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/news/icipe-director-general-appointed-panel-member-bmi-prize|title=icipe Director General appointed panel member of BMI prize {{!}} icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|work=www.icipe.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|National Science and Technology Council of Rwanda
|The National Science and Technology Council of Rwanda is the governing body of the country's National Commission of Science and Technology (NCST)
|Member, of the 11 member Council, which was appointed by Rwanda's Cabinet Meeting of 9 December 2016, chaired by the President of the Republic, His Excellency Paul Kagame.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/news/dr-segenet-kelemu-director-general-and-ceo-icipe-appointed-member-national-science-and|title=Dr Segenet Kelemu, Director General and CEO of icipe appointed member of the National Science and Technology Council of Rwanda {{!}} icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|work=www.icipe.org|language=en|accessdate=2017-09-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|United Nations University (UNU)
|UNU is an autonomous UN organisation that conducts research, postgraduate training and the dissemination of knowledge.
|Member, UNU Governing Council, at the invitation of United Nations Under Secretary General.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://unu.edu/about/unu-council/dr-segenet-kelemu|title=Dr Segenet Kelemu - United Nations University|work=unu.edu|language=en-US|accessdate=2017-09-21|archivedate=2021-01-23|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123120606/https://unu.edu/about/unu-council/dr-segenet-kelemu}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2016
|Rolex Awards for Enterprise
|The Rolex Awards honour individuals who have, or are, developing ground-breaking initiatives that have the potential to improve life on the planet.
|Member, eminent judging panel of the 2016 series of the Rolex Awards marked the 40th anniversary of this global philanthropic program.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.rolexawards.com/explore/timeline/2016/40th_anniversary_jury_announced|title=Rolex Awards for Enterprise : 40th anniversary Jury announced|work=Rolex Awards for Enterprise : 40th anniversary Jury announced|language=en|accessdate=2017-09-21|archivedate=2016-10-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161029223513/http://www.rolexawards.com/explore/timeline/2016/40th_anniversary_jury_announced}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|L'Oreal-UNESCO Sub-Saharan for Women in Science Award Jury.
|The L'Oréal-UNESCO Award for Women in Science aims to improve the position of women in science by recognizing outstanding women researchers who have contributed to scientific progress.
|Juror&lt;ref name=&quot;icipe&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.icipe.org/news/awards-and-recognition/icipe-honours-2015|title=icipe honours in 2015 - icipe - International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology|work=www.icipe.org}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2015
|The Louis Malassis and Olam Prizes Jury
|Agropolis Fondation's Louis Malassis International Scientific Prize is given once every two years. It aims to recognize individuals for their exemplary and promising contribution in promoting innovation through research, development and/or capacity building in order to improve food and agricultural systems sustainability as well as to address food security and poverty reduction.
|Juror&lt;ref name=&quot;icipe&quot; /&gt;
|}

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Segenet Kelemu lụrụ Arjan Gijsman, onye nwụrụ na June 2021, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Arjan Gijsman|url=https://dssat.net/5024/|work=DSSAT|date=13 June 2022|accessdate=6 May 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; ma nwee nwa nwanyị aha ya bụ Finote Gijsman. Ọ bi na Nairobi. Ọ na-amasị ya ịgụ akụkọ ndụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;award&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kamencu|first=Kingwa|title=Dr Kelemu's rise: From climbing trees in rural Ethiopia to excelling in science|url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Dr-Segenet-Kelemu-ICIPE-Women-Scientist/434746-2330830-item-0-ggcdys/index.html|accessdate=27 October 2016|work=The East African|date=30 May 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Commons category|Segenet Kelemu}}

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Jesse February</title>
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 {{Databox}}

 
'''Jesse February''' (amuru 1997) bu onye egwu chess South Africa nke jide aha Nwanyi International Master (WIM, 2016). Ọ bụ onye mmeri chess ụmụ nwanyị South Africa ugboro abụọ na onye mmeri chess ụmụ nwanyị Africa otu oge.

== Ọrụ Chess ==
February nwetara aha Nwanyị FIDE Master na 2015, yana Nwanyị International Master na 2016. Ọ nọchitere anya South Africa na Chess Olympiad ụmụ nwanyị nke 2016 (na-enye akara 4/9 na bọọdụ atọ), &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - 42nd Olympiad Baku 2016 Women|url=http://chess-results.com/tnr232876.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=20&amp;fed=RSA&amp;flag=30|accessdate=2022-08-09|work=chess-results.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; 2018 (6.5/10 na bọọdụ otu) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - 43rd Olympiad Batumi 2018 Women|url=http://chess-results.com/tnr368909.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=20&amp;fed=RSA&amp;flag=30|accessdate=2022-08-09|work=chess-results.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; na 2022 (2/7 na bọọdụ otu). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - 44th Olympiad Chennai 2022|url=https://chess-results.com/tnr653632.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=20&amp;fed=RSA&amp;flag=30|accessdate=2022-08-09|work=chess-results.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2015, e chiri ya okpueze nke ụmụ agbọghọ U18 na asọmpi Chess nke obere South Africa, ma họrọ ya ka ọ kpọọ otu mba maka asọmpi Chess World Youth Chess na Gris n'October ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ecas.co.za/2015/06/29/international-travel-opportunities-for-chess-star-jesse-february-3/|title=International travel opportunities for Chess star Jesse February|work=ecas.co.za|date=29 June 2015|accessdate=19 March 2024|archivedate=13 May 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513062752/http://ecas.co.za/2015/06/29/international-travel-opportunities-for-chess-star-jesse-february-3/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2015, ọ bịakwara mbụ na Mahadum South Africa mechiri asọmpi chess na Mahadum Wits dị na Johannesburg, ma kpọọ ya òkù isonye na asọmpi Chess University nke ụwa na Hungary. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://mype.co.za/new/more-chess-accolades-for-jesse-february/49041/2015/05|title=More chess accolades for Jesse February|work=mype.co.za|accessdate=26 September 2018|archivedate=4 February 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220204120607/https://mype.co.za/new/more-chess-accolades-for-jesse-february/49041/2015/05/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na 2017 na 2019, ọ meriri ngalaba ụmụ nwanyị nke South Africa Chess Championship . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://chess-results.com/tnr313151.aspx|title=2017 South African Closed Chess Championships Women|work=chess-results.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://chess-results.com/tnr489163.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=1&amp;turdet=YES&amp;flag=30|title=2019 South African Closed Chess Championships Open|work=chess-results.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime Mee 2021, Febụwarị sonye na asọmpi n'otu n'otu nke ụmụ nwanyị Africa, jiri akara 7/9 merie emume ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Moaataz, Ayah vs. February, Jesse Nikki {{!}} African Women's Championship 2021|url=https://chess24.com/en/watch/live-tournaments/african-womens-championship-2021/9/1/1|accessdate=2021-05-27|work=chess24.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na mmeri a, Febụwarị tozuru inweta aha nke Nwanyị Grandmaster, ma ọ bụrụhaala na ọ nweta ọkwa nke 2100. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=B. Permanent Commissions / 01. International Title Regulations (Qualification Commission) / FIDE Title Regulations effective from 1 July 2017 / FIDE Handbook|url=https://handbook.fide.com/chapter/B01Regulations2017|accessdate=2021-05-27|work=International Chess Federation (FIDE)|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O tozuru maka asọmpi Chess ụwa ụmụ nwanyị 2021 emere na Julaị, ebe GM Valentina Gunina meriri ya 1.5-0.5 na agba nke mbụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tournament tree — FIDE World Cup 2021|url=https://worldcup-results.fide.com/results|accessdate=2021-07-17|work=worldcup-results.fide.com|archivedate=2021-08-12|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812195433/https://worldcup-results.fide.com/results}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Febụwarị tozuru oke ịnọchite anya South Africa na FIDE Online Chess Olympiad 2021 ebe ọ chere ndị mmegide 8 ihu na nkezi ọkwa karịrị 2000. Ọ mechara mmemme ahụ na 2/8 (+2=0-6) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - 2021 FIDE Online Olympiad|url=https://chess-results.com/tnr576508.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=20&amp;flag=30&amp;snr=10|accessdate=2021-09-07|work=chess-results.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

O tozuru oke maka Women's Grand Swiss 2021 wee nweta 0.5/11 maka ọkwa arụmọrụ nke 1976. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=FIDE Chess.com Women's Grand Swiss 2021|url=https://chess24.com/en/watch/live-tournaments/fide-chess-com-womens-grand-swiss-2021|accessdate=2022-01-06|work=chess24.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara n'ihu imeri asọmpi Nelson Mandela Bay Emechiri na Disemba 2021 yana akara zuru oke nke 4/4. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chess-Results Server Chess-results.com - NMB CLOSED 2021|url=https://chess-results.com/tnr597502.aspx?lan=1&amp;art=2&amp;turdet=YES|accessdate=2022-01-06|work=chess-results.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Febụwarị sonye na asọmpi Chess ụmụ nwanyị South Africa nke 2022 wee mechaa n'ọkwa nke abụọ jiri akara 4.5/6, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=February, Jesse Nikki vs. Badenhorst, Chloe {{!}} South African Women's Championship 2022|url=https://chess24.com/en/watch/live-tournaments/south-african-womens-championship-2022/7/1/2|accessdate=2022-05-16|work=chess24.com|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ọkara otu n'azụ Chloe Badenhorst bụ onye e chiri okpueze ọhụrụ asọmpi ụmụ nwanyị South Africa.

== gụgharia ==
N'ọgwụgwụ Jenụwarị 2020, Febụwarị soro nwanyị Candidate Master, Rebecca Selkirk malite ọwa HashtagChess n'elu ikpo okwu Twitch nke chịkọtara ihe karịrị puku iri dị ka nke 2021. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Twitch|url=https://www.twitch.tv/hashtagchess/about|accessdate=2021-02-19|work=Twitch}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 1 Ọktoba 2021, Febụwarị mara ọkwa na ọ ga-ahapụ HashtagChess, na-eme Selkirk naanị onye nwe ọwa ahụ, ịmalite ịkwanye na akaụntụ Twitch nke ya (Jesse_Feb). Nkewa ahụ dị n'udo na &quot;ọrụ dị iche iche na ebumnuche imepụta ọdịnaya&quot; bụ ihe a na-akpọ isi ihe kpatara ya. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=TwitLonger — When you talk too much for Twitter|url=https://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1srr8nh|accessdate=2021-10-06|work=www.twitlonger.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Febụwarị wesara ndị egwuregwu ahụ wee gbaa ajụjụ ọnụ n'oge Cape Town Chess Masters nke afọ 2024, ihe omume kọwara dị ka “welitere ụkpụrụ mgbasa ozi chess na South Africa”. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Wilson|first=Paul|date=2024-01-10|title=Cape Town Masters Chess Championship 2024 – South African Chess Hub|url=https://chesshub.org.za/cape-town-masters-chess-championship-2024/|accessdate=2024-01-16|language=en-ZA}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nkuzi ==
Febụwarị na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi chess ọkachamara na ikpo okwu nkuzi chess, Cochess, ebe ọ na-enye nkuzi chess nkeonwe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=CoChess|url=https://cochess.com/coaches/6353121c-4c1b-44ae-86a4-8d0fae3b0199|accessdate=2021-02-19|work=cochess.com|archivedate=8 December 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208213325/https://cochess.com/coaches/6353121c-4c1b-44ae-86a4-8d0fae3b0199}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* Jesse February rating card at FIDE
* Jesse February player profile and games at Chessgames.com
* [https://www.365chess.com/players/Jesse_Nikki_February Jesse February] chess games at 365Chess.com
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Isi iyi nke ụnwụ nri bụ ihe ezi uche nye nnukwu ụnwụ nri na Mullingar, Ireland .  Ọ na-eje n'ámá ụzọ na rịị n'etiti Dominick Street na Oliver Plunkett Street &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mullingar - The Famine Memorial Fountain and a millstone, recalling the origin of the town's name|url=https://mapio.net/pic/p-9126025/|accessdate=2020-06-22|work=Mapio.net|language=en|archivedate=2020-06-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200625155859/https://mapio.net/pic/p-9126025/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Geograph:: Famine Memorial Fountain, Mullingar © Brian Shaw|url=https://www.geograph.ie/photo/166711|accessdate=2020-06-22|work=www.geograph.ie|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
A raara ihe ebe a na 1997, ma nwee ụdị aka atọ nke ọ lla na-ejide mmiri ka ọ na-ahọọ n'ime nnukwu nkume igwe nri, n'ememe obodo ndị bụbu ụlọ ọrụ ihe n'oge gara aga.  [1] Ihe mpempe akwụkwọ dị na akwụkwọ ahụ na-agụ
 

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
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'''Kudumbashree''' ( '''കുടുംബശ്രീ''' ;{{IPA|ml|ku.ɖum.bɐʃ.riː|IPA}} ; pụtara 'Ọganihu ezinụlọ' &lt;ref name=&quot;Story&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Setting Up of the Kudumbashree Mission|url=https://thekudumbashreestory.info/index.php/history-and-evolution/the-mission-setting-up|work=the Kudumbashree Story|publisher=Kudumbashree, Kerala State Poverty Eradication Mission, Govt of Kerala|accessdate=1 November 2020|archivedate=18 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918160943/https://thekudumbashreestory.info/index.php/history-and-evolution/the-mission-setting-up}}&lt;/ref&gt; ) bụ mkpochapụ ịda ogbenye na mmemme inye ụmụ nwanyị ike nke Gọọmenti Kerala mebere. Kudumbashree nwere nhazi ọkwa atọ maka netwọk obodo ụmụ nwanyị, yana otu ndị agbataobi (NHG) na ọkwa kachasị ala, Area Development Societies (ADS) na etiti etiti, na Community Development Societies (CDS) na ọkwa ọchịchị ime obodo.

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Kudumbashree ka e hibere na 1997 na-agbaso ntụnye nke otu ndị ọrụ mmadụ atọ nke gọọmentị steeti họpụtara. Nhazi ya bụ n'ọnọdụ nke nnyefe nke ikike na Panchayat Raj Institutions (PRI) na Kerala, yana mkpọsa nke ndị mmadụ, nke nwara iwepụta atụmatụ itoolu nke gọọmentị ime obodo site na PRIs.

Kudumbashree malitere na-eso mkpọsa atụmatụ ndị mmadụ 1996 nke EK Nayanar -edu Left Democratic Front . Site na mmalite, ọ na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ngalaba gọọmentị nke ime obodo site na ịnara nkwado ego sitere n'aka gọọmentị otu na National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD).

Taa, Kudumbashree nwere 1070 CDS (Community Developments Society, 19470 ADS (Area Development Society) na 3,16,860 NHGs (Ndị agbata obi) netwọk obodo ụmụ nwanyị 46 lakh nke Kerala, nke gbasaa na Kerala. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kudumbashree - The world's largest Women's network|url=https://www.kudumbashree.org/storage//files/nn1sw_an%20introduction%20to%20kudumbashree.pdf|publisher=Kudumbashree Mission|accessdate=2 November 2020|archivedate=7 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107050219/https://www.kudumbashree.org/storage//files/nn1sw_an%20introduction%20to%20kudumbashree.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Edebara aha Kudumbashree Mission dị ka Charitable Society n'okpuru Travancore-Cochin Literary, Scientific and Charitable Societies Act nke 1955 na Nọvemba 1998. Shri webatara ozi a n'ihu ọha. Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Prime Minister mgbe ahụ, Gọọmenti India na 17 May 1998 na Malappuram dị ka gọọmentị steeti rịọrọ na Mission malitere ịrụ ọrụ na 1 Eprel 1999 n'okpuru Ngalaba Ọchịchị Onwe nke Mpaghara nke gọọmentị Kerala. &lt;ref name=&quot;Story&quot;/&gt;

== Kudumbashree Mission ==
Otu State Poverty Eradication Mission (SPEM), nke a ma ama dị ka Kudumbashree Mission bụ ngwa gọọmentị steeti ji ewepụ ịda ogbenye n'okpuru ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọchịchị ime obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kudumbashree - The world's largest Women's network|url=https://www.kudumbashree.org/storage//files/nn1sw_an%20introduction%20to%20kudumbashree.pdf|publisher=Kudumbashree Mission|accessdate=2 November 2020|archivedate=7 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107050219/https://www.kudumbashree.org/storage//files/nn1sw_an%20introduction%20to%20kudumbashree.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ndị ozi ahụ nwere Òtù Na-achị Isi nke Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka ọchịchị ime obodo na kọmitii ndị isi nke onye isi ode akwụkwọ, ngalaba na-ahụ maka ọchịchị ime obodo na-edu ya. Ozi ahụ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-akwalite ma na-akwado netwọk obodo Kudumbashree.

Ihe owuwu ozi ahụ nwere ọrụ ozi steeti na ndị ozi mpaghara iri na anọ. Ozi steeti kewara ụzọ atọ - Mmepe Ndụ, Nhazi na Mmepe Ọha na Ọha, na Nkwado Sistemụ.

== Kudumbashree Community Network ==
Netwọk obodo Kudumbashree nwere nhazi ọkwa atọ. Otu mpaghara (NHGs) bụ nkeji na ọkwa mbụ. A na-ekpebi ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke ezinụlọ dabere na ọkọlọtọ gọọmentị setịpụrụ site n'oge ruo n'oge. Mpaghara Development Societies (ADS) na-etolite etiti etiti netwọkụ ahụ.

Dịka nke Septemba 2023, Kudumbashree nwere 3,16,860 NHG jikọtara na 19,470 ADS na 1070 CDS nwere mkpokọta ụmụ nwanyị 46,16,837. Ndị otu Kudumbashree ghere oghe nye ụmụ nwanyị niile tozuru etozu, naanị otu onye otu ezinaụlọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Data on Kudumbashree|url=https://www.kudumbashree.org/pages/518|work=Kudumbashree, Kerala State Poverty Eradication Mission|publisher=Govt of Kerala|accessdate=1 November 2020|archivedate=8 November 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108041324/https://www.kudumbashree.org/pages/518}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime mkpokọta ndị otu NHG, ụmụ nwanyị nọ n'agbata afọ 18 na 40 bụ 10% naanị. Oke gụnyere inye naanị otu onye otu ezinụlọ, bụ ihe kpatara nke a. N'ihi nke a, ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke ụmụ agbọghọ na-enwetaghị uru ozugbo na mmemme dị iche iche a na-eme site na Kudumbashree. Dị ka ihe ngwọta, Kudumbashree haziri otu Auxiliary Groups na ugbu a a na-enye ụmụ agbọghọ ohere ka ha bụrụ akụkụ nke otu ndị a inyeaka. Ihe oru ngo a bu n'obi ịhụ na nkwalite mmekọrịta ọha na eze, omenala na ibi ndụ nke ụmụ agbọghọ. Iji hụ na nsonye na-elekọta mmadụ nke obodo transgender dị n'akụkụ, Kudumbashree amalitelakwa NHG pụrụ iche maka ndị nwoke na nwanyị dị iche iche ma na-enye ha ohere ịchọta ihe eji ebi ndụ nke onwe ha ma na-ebi ndụ dị ùgwù na ọha mmadụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kudumbashree Auxiliary Group Formation Progressing|url=https://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/kudumbashree/news/kudumbashree-auxiliary-group-formation-progressingen|work=lsgkerala|accessdate=2024-04-11|archivedate=2024-05-19|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240519235958/http://lsgkerala.gov.in/en/kudumbashree/news/kudumbashree-auxiliary-group-formation-progressingen}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Kudumbashree National Resource Organisation

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240415073958/https://kudumbashree.org/ Kudumbashree]
* [https://thekudumbashreestory.info/ Akụkọ Kudumbashree]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20201107050219/https://www.kudumbashree.org/storage//files/nn1sw_an%20introduction%20to%20kudumbashree.pdf Kudumbashree - Netwọk ụmụ nwanyị kachasị n'ụwa]

== Ọgụgụ ọzọ ==

* {{Cite book|author=M. A. Oommen|title=Micro-finance and Poverty Alleviation: The Case of Kerala's Kudumbashree|date=April 2008|publisher=Centre for Socio-econo mic &amp; E nvironmental Studies(CSES)|location=Kochi|url=http://kudumbashree.org/storage/files/fqvd6_micro%20finance%20and%20poverty%20alleviation.pdf|accessdate=2 November 2020}}
* {{Cite journal|author=Glyn Williams, Binitha V. Thampi, D. Narayana, Sailaja Nandigama and [[Dwaipayan Bhattacharyya]]|title=Performing Participatory Citizenship – Politics and Power in Kerala's Kudumbashree Programme|journal=The Journal of Development Studies|date=1 August 2011|volume=47|issue=8|pages=1261–1280|doi=10.1080/00220388.2010.527949|accessdate=2 November 2020|url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00220388.2010.527949}}
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      <comment>/* Ndepụta nke Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo, ọhịa na Azụ nke Japan */ graph updated</comment>
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== Ndepụta nke Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Nri na Ọrụ Ugbo ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:right;&quot;
|+Mba ndị nwere oke izu oke nke caloric na 2010 &lt;ref name=&quot;FAO2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=FAO statistical pocket book 2012 - World Food and Agriculture|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|year=2012|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2493e/i2493e03.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130620023858/http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2493e/i2493e03.pdf|archivedate=20 June 2013|accessdate=3 February 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
! Ọkwa
! Obodo
! Oke (%)
|-
| 1
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Argentina
| 273
|-
| 2
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Uruguay
| 232
|-
| 3
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Ọstrelia
| 207
|-
| 4
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Ukraine
| 193
|-
| 5
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; New Zealand
| 185
|-
| 6
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Canada
| 183
|-
| 7
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Bulgaria
| 171
|-
| 8
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Hungary
| 162
|-
| 9
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Lithuania
| 149
|-
| 10
| style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; |&lt;/img&gt; Malaysia
| 145
|}

== Ndepụta nke Ministri Ọrụ Ugbo, ọhịa na Azụ nke Japan ==
[[Usòrò:Food Self-sufficiency ratio en.png|thumb| Eserese nke ọnụego izu oke nri]]
Nke a bụ ndepụta 2010 nke mba ndị bụ isi site na ọnụego izu oke nri na nda ere ọkọnọ kalori. &lt;ref name=&quot;maff2010_ch1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2010|title=Chapter 1 Toward a securing stable food supply|url=http://www.maff.go.jp/e/annual_report/2010/pdf/e_1.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020035831/http://www.maff.go.jp/e/annual_report/2010/pdf/e_1.pdf|archivedate=20 October 2011|accessdate=26 August 2015|publisher=[[Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Japan)|Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries]], Japan}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!Ịnye ọkwa
! Obodo
! Ọnụego (%)
! Afọ
|-
| 1
|&lt;/img&gt; Ọstrelia
| 173
| 2007
|-
| 2
|&lt;/img&gt; United States
| 124
| 2007
|-
| 3
|&lt;/img&gt; France
| 111
| 2007
|-
| 4
|&lt;/img&gt; Germany
| 80
| 2007
|-
| 5
|&lt;/img&gt; United Kingdom
| 65
| 2007
|-
| 6
|&lt;/img&gt; Ịtali
| 63
| 2007
|-
| 7
|&lt;/img&gt;  Switzerland
| 54
| 2007
|-
| 8
|&lt;/img&gt; South Korea
| 44
| 2007
|-
| 9
|&lt;/img&gt; Japan
| 40
| 2009
|-
|}

== Hụkwa ==

* Ndogide onwe onye
* Nchekwa nri

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Kofi Setordji</title>
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'''Kofi Setordji''' (amụrụ n'afọ 1957) bụ onye na-ese ihe nkiri na [[Ghana]]. Ọrụ ya sitere na eserese eserese, eserese akwa, ihe ọkpụkpụ na eserese. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kofi Setordji artist profile|url=https://artzuid.nl/en/artzuid-artists/kofi-setordji/|accessdate=2022-05-29|work=ARTZUID|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kofi Setordji - Biography|url=https://smocontemporaryart.com/artists/285-kofi-setordji/biography/|accessdate=2022-05-29|work=SMO Contemporary Art|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kofi Setordji |url=https://www.nubukefoundation.org/artist.php?artist=S2xtM2dkY2lWRkVGS3Z2YzRsOGJ6Zz09 |access-date=29 May 2022 |website=Nubuke Foundation |accessdate=14 May 2024 |archivedate=27 November 2024 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127012820/https://www.nubukefoundation.org/artist.php?artist=S2xtM2dkY2lWRkVGS3Z2YzRsOGJ6Zz09 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Setordji na 1957 na Accra . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Fall|first=N'Goné|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aqZQAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=An Anthology of African Art: The Twentieth Century|date=2002|publisher=D.A.P./Distributed Art Publishers|isbn=978-1-891024-38-2|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Revue noire&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=n3TrAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=Revue noire|date=1999|publisher=Publications Editions Bleu Outremer|language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Methodist na Accra mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị ọ zụrụ dị ka onye na-ese ihe na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ala nke azụmahịa. Ọ bụ onye mmụta nke onye na-ese ihe nkiri na Ghana [https://africacartoons.com/cartoonists/map/ghana/ghanatta-yaw-boakye/bio/ Ghanatta Yaw Boakye] . &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |date=2014-03-01 |title=Kofi Setordji: Retrospective, 1997–2012 |url=https://doi.org/10.1162/AFAR_r_00125 |journal=African Arts |volume=47 |issue=1 |pages=85–87 |doi=10.1162/AFAR_r_00125 |s2cid=192974398 |issn=0001-9933|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1984 ruo 1987, Setordji mụtara ọrụ na onye na-ese ihe na onye na - Saka Acquaye .  [2]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; Ọ malitere ịrụ ọrụ na sandstone na 1985 wee malite igosi ọrụ ya na Accra. Kemgbe ahụ, ọ gosipụtara na [[France]], [[Italy|Ịtali]], [[Denmark]], [[Jémanị|Germany]], [[Austria]], South Africa na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]].  [4][3]&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

Ewezuga ọrụ nka ya, Setordji bụ onye nduzi nye ọtụtụ ndị na-eto eto na-ese ihe n'oge a na-eme na Accra. O guzobere Arthaus, mmemmé ómúmú na mpaghara okpomọkụ obibi maka ndị na-ese ihe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Council|first=Ghana Studies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQMOAQAAMAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=Newsletter|date=2008|publisher=Ghana Studies Council|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Na mgbakwunye, ọ bụ onye nchoputa na onye bụbu onye nduzi okike nke Nubuke Foundation, oghere nka nke oge a na Accra  .&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gJYnAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=African Business|date=2007|publisher=IC Magazines|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kofi Setordji - Biography|url=https://smocontemporaryart.com/artists/285-kofi-setordji/biography/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=SMO Contemporary Art|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lauer|first=Helen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uTUZ1y4HWocC&amp;dq=kofi+setordji&amp;pg=PA243|title=Identity Meets Nationality: Voices from the Humanities|date=2011|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9988-647-96-4|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ndị a ma ama ==
Ihe osise a ma ama nke Setordji bụ Genocide, ihe ntinye dị iche iche (osisi, ígwè, ihe ndị a rụgharịrị arụgharị na ágbá) nke o mepụtara dị ka ónyé ọtú nke ọbọdọ na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda nzaghachi nye Genocides nke Rwanda na 1994.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VD7rAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=African Arts|date=2007|publisher=African Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=enJDQwAACAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=Genocide: Painting, Sculpture Installation : Kofi Setordji : National Museum, Barnes Road, Accra|date=1999|publisher=National Museum|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Kidenda|first=Mary Clare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pVZuEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=kofi+setordji&amp;pg=PA250|title=Visual Cultures of Africa|date=2022-04-06|publisher=Waxmann Verlag|isbn=978-3-8309-4523-9|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gatore|first=Gilbert|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NH3MZK55ttMC&amp;dq=kofi+setordji&amp;pg=PR14|title=The Past Ahead|date=2012-10-04|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=978-0-253-00950-0|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Baderoon|first=Gabeba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OohPAAAAMAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=Contemporary Commonwealth|date=2006|publisher=Council of Trustees of the National Gallery of Victoria|isbn=978-0-7241-0266-2|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere ọrụ ahụ n'etiti afọ 1998 na 2000 ma nwee ihe dị ka mpempe akwụkwọ 300 nke gụnyere ihe nkiri nke ụlọ ikpe agha. N'etiti, e nwere onye ọka ikpe. N'akụkụ ahụ bụ ndị ọkàiwu na-agbachitere ma na-ekpe ikpe. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Woets|first=Rhoda|date=2010|title=Comprehend the Incomprehensible: Kofi Setordji's Travelling Memorial of the Rwanda Genocide|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20744863|journal=African Arts|volume=43|issue=3|pages=52–63|doi=10.1162/afar.2010.43.3.52|issn=0001-9933}}&lt;/ref&gt; E gosipụtara ọrụ ahụ na mbipụta 2000 nke Dakar Biennale.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Silva|first=Bisi|date=December 2000|title=Dak'Art 2000: The millennium biennale?|journal=Third Text|language=en|volume=14|issue=53|pages=103–106|doi=10.1080/09528820108576892|issn=0952-8822}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe osise Setordji dị mita ise n'ịdị elu nke obodo Accra nyere iwu guzo na mpaghara okpomọkụ ọdịda anyanwụ n'ihu National Theatre of Ghana. A na-akpọ ọrụ ahụ Entre Amies . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dickersbach|first=Safia|title=Kofi Setordji: The Black Stars of Ghana - Art District|url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/23532/kofi-setordji-the-black-stars-of-ghana-art-district.html|accessdate=2022-05-29|work=Modern Ghana|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Setordji meriri ihe nrite Leisure Award Sculptor of the Year na 1990. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 2018, ọ natara The Rockefeller Foundation's Bellagio Creative Arts Fellowship.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Gordon|first=Mark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WrYzAQAAIAAJ&amp;q=kofi+setordji|title=Contemporary Europe Art Guide|date=2009|publisher=Distributed Art Pub Incorporated|isbn=978-3-7757-2336-7|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Artforum.com|url=https://www.artforum.com/news/rockefeller-foundation-s-bellagio-fellowship-recipients-announced-21288|accessdate=2022-05-29|work=www.artforum.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Setordji bụ isiokwu nke ihe ngosi na Nubuke Foundation na 2012. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==

* Nye m nrọ gị (Nye m nrọ unu) 2019-2020&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-07-11|title=The travelling exhibition &quot;Prête-moi ton rêve&quot; (Lend me Your Dream) opened in Casablanca on June 18, 2019 and closes in Marrakesh in 2020|url=https://artssummary.com/2019/07/11/the-travelling-exhibition-prete-moi-ton-reve-lend-me-your-dream-opened-in-casablanca-on-june-18-2019-and-closes-in-marrakesh-in-2020/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Arts Summary|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Momentum|first=The Art|date=2020-12-02|title=Kofi Setordji: Telling Our Own Stories|url=https://theartmomentum.com/kofi-setordji-telling-our-own-stories/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=The Art Momentum|language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Akara Ọhụrụ 2016 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=New Threads {{!}} 10 October - 17 November 2016 - Overview|url=https://smocontemporaryart.com/exhibitions/34-new-threads/overview/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=SMO Contemporary Art|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Kunsthalle Wien Museumsquartier 2004-2005&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Africa Screams|url=https://kunsthallewien.at/en/exhibition/africa-screams/|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=Kunsthalle Wien|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Art Cologne 1996, Koelnmesse GmbH na Cologne 1996&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=ArtFacts|title=Kofi Setordji {{!}} Artist|url=https://artfacts.net/artist/kofi-setordji/7429|accessdate=2022-04-02|work=ArtFacts|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==

[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Konrad Ross</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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'''Konrad Ross''' (amuru 9 Jenuarị 1970) bu onye omenka German amuru South Africa kacha mara amara maka eserese osisi mmanu ya buru ibu na akwukwo. Nkà ya bụ ihe a ma ama maka mgbagwoju anya na ezughị okè na-ekpughe usoro okike. Ọrụ ya na-ejikọtakarị iberibe anụ ahụ nke ya dị ka motifs. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Lauter|first=Rolf|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1237703304|title=Konrad Ross|date=2020|isbn=978-3-945772-65-2|location=Hamburg|oclc=1237703304}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFLauterPoole2020&quot;&gt;Lauter, Rolf; Poole, Brian (2020). [https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1237703304 ''Konrad Ross'']. Hamburg. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Ọpụrụiche:Isi akwụkwọ/978-3-945772-65-2|&lt;bdi&gt;978-3-945772-65-2&lt;/bdi&gt;]]. [[OCLC (ihe nchọpụta)|OCLC]]&amp;nbsp;[https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1237703304 1237703304].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;[[Àtụ:Cite book|cite book]]&lt;nowiki&gt;}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ([[Atiri:CS1 isi: ebe na-efu onye nkwusa|link]])&lt;/span&gt;
[[Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher]]&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Konrad Ross / about|url=https://www.konradross.com/about|accessdate=2021-04-25|work=Konrad Ross|language=en}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;[https://www.konradross.com/about &quot;Konrad Ross / about&quot;]. ''Konrad Ross''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 April&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; A makwaara ya maka iji aka ya, ogwe aka ya, ụkwụ ya na ihu ya na-emepụta ọrụ ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Schmidt|first=Von: Norbert|date=2020-02-25|title=Let them eat cake - Konrad Ross - Live Performance in der Barlach Halle|url=https://www.ganz-hamburg.de/hamburgs-ganze-kunst/let-them-eat-cake-konrad-ross-live-performance-und-vernissage-in-der-barlach-halle-k.html|accessdate=2021-04-25|work=ganz-hamburg|language=de-DE|archivedate=2024-05-28|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240528030627/https://ganz-hamburg.de/hamburgs-ganze-kunst/let-them-eat-cake-konrad-ross-live-performance-und-vernissage-in-der-barlach-halle-k.html}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFSchmidt2020&quot;&gt;Schmidt, Von: Norbert (25 February 2020). . ''ganz-hamburg'' (in German)&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;25 April&lt;/span&gt; 2021&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]]&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Ross na South Africa ebe ọ gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, mana ya na ezinụlọ ya kwagara Germany mgbe ọ dị afọ 17, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ gbasara akparamaagwa na Mahadum Texas dị na Austin afọ abụọ, mana ọ kwagara France ka ọ mụọ nka na ''Le Quai Ecole supérieure d'art de Mulhouse'' ebe ọ nwetara Diplôme National d'Arts Plastiques na 1996, na-esote nke ọ nọrọ afọ dị ka nwa akwụkwọ ọbịa na Kunstakademie Düsseldorf . Ọ malitere ngosi, ma na solo na ihe ngosi otu na Stockholm, Müllheim, Paris, Metz na Copenhagen. Ọ nọrọ afọ ụfọdụ na Copenhagen tupu ya ebikwa na Jamanị ọzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;/&gt;

== Ihe ngosi ==
Ụfọdụ ihe ngosi ama ama nke Ross gụnyere ''Ka ha rie achicha'' &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Redaktion|first=TANGO {{!}}|date=2020-02-04|title=Ausstellung Konrad Ross – &quot;Let Them Eat Cake&quot;|url=https://tango-online.de/konrad-ross/|accessdate=2021-04-26|work=TANGO {{!}} Das Magazin|language=de-DE|archivedate=2021-04-26|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210426071538/https://tango-online.de/konrad-ross/}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ihe ngosi na arụmọrụ ndụ &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt; ) na Barlach Halle K na Hamburg, &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; na ''Mundraub'' na Gudberg Nerger na 2020. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Konrad Ross – Mundraub|url=https://gudbergnerger.com/blogs/news/konrad-ross-mundraub|accessdate=2021-04-25|work=GUDBERG NERGER}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ntụaka ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Kwagh-Hir</title>
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'''''Kwagh-hir''''' (n'ụzọ nkịtị pụtara ''ihe anwansiihe anwansi'' anwanci ma kpọọ ''kwaa hee'') &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.imodara.com/magazine/new-book-something-magical/|title=New Book: Something Magical - The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv|work=imodara.com|date=2018|accessdate=19 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ ụdị nka na ewuli elu nke Ndị Tiv nke etiti [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] nke ghọrọ ihe a ma ama na afọ 1960. Ọ bụ ihe ngosi ọha na eze na-akpali akpali na akọ akụkọ omume ọma nke ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga na nke ugbu a, ma na agụnye ihe ngosi, ihe ngosi, [[Ábu|uri]], egwu, ịgba egwú na akụkọ na eme ihe nkiri iji gosipụta isiokwu omume ya. Ndị Tiv na eji ya eme ihe iji mee ka nkwenkwe ọdịnala sie ike ma nye akụkọ ụwa ndị ọzọ iji kụziere, mee mkpakọrịta, nye ntụrụndụ ụwa ma dozie nsogbu ọha na eze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/|title=Kwagh Hir|work=raifilm.org.uk|date=2020|accessdate=19 February 2020|archivedate=24 February 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224191231/https://raifilm.org.uk/films/kwagh-hir/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KWA&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kwagh-hir-theatrical-performance-00683|title=Kwagh-Hir theatrical performance|accessdate=21 February 2020|work=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Kwagh-hir bụ ụdị nka dị elu nke kwagh alom, omume ochie nke ndị Tiv ebe ndị na akọ akụkọ na emeso ezinụlọ ahụ na oge ịkọ akụkọ, na emekarị n'isi ụtụtụ nke abalị mgbe ọrụ ugbo nke ehihie gasịrị site na ìhè ọnwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;KPH&quot; /&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Harper|first=Peggy|date=October 1997|title=The Kwagh-hir of the People of Tiv: A Note on Dramatised History Telling and Constructions of Nature among the Tiv of Southern Nigeria|url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/2949|journal=Environment and History|volume=3|issue=3|pages=371–376|doi=10.3197/096734097779555845|accessdate=20 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụdị a ma ama nke kwagh-hir dị ka Jonathan Fogel si kwuo nwere ike ịbụ ihe ngosi Punch na Judy, nke ndị a ma ama na akọwa ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ihe omume dị ugbu a na akụkọ ma na ezo aka n'ọtụtụ omume ọdịbendị.&lt;ref name=&quot;KRB&quot; /&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bunch|first=Richard|date=2017|title=Something Magical: The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv|url=|location=|publisher=BFP Publishing|isbn=978-0-692-98547-2|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

E debara aha Kwagh-hir na Ndepụta Ndị Nnọchiteanya nke Ihe Nketa Ọdịbendị nke Ụmụ Mmadụ na 2019 site na mkpebi nke Kọmitii Gọọmentị: 14. Ọ bụ iri ka a ga asị na ọ bụ iri ka e si nweta ya. B.27 &lt;ref name=&quot;KWA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kwagh-hir-theatrical-performance-00683|title=Kwagh-Hir theatrical performance|accessdate=21 February 2020|work=UNESCO}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thenationonlineng.net/unesco-lists-kwagh-hir-theatre-on-heritage-roll/|title=UNESCO lists Kwagh-Hir theatre on heritage roll|work=thenationonlineng.net|date=2019|accessdate=20 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmalite na mmepe ==
Akụkọ ifo na ekwu na Adikpo Songo si Akpagher; Mbatyav na mpaghara gọọmentị ime obodo [[Gboko]] nke Benue State, Nigeria, bụ onye malitere Kwagh-hir. Adikpo Songu, n'ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Iyorwuese Hagher, onye ọkà mmụta nke kwagh-hir, gbalịrị ịkwado echiche a nke ọtụtụ ndị isi otu kwagh-hir na ndị okenye ama ama na Tivland.

Songu, onye na akwado United Middle Belt Congress (UMBC) kpughere na Disemba 1960 n'oge ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na Tivland nke a maara dị ka Nande-Nande (usoro ọkụ) ebe ndị otu UMBC biliri megide Northern People's Congress (NPC) na achị, na ere ihe onwunwe ha ọkụ, gụnyere nke ndị ọrụ gọọmentị na ndị isi, ọ gbagara Mkar Christian Hospital, nso Gboko, maka ọgwụgwọ ahụike, mana n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi, iji gbanahụ njide, iji gbane ndị uwe ojii.

Mgbe ọ na alọta site na Mkar Christian Hospital, ebe ọ gara ihe dị ka kilomita 12, ọ rutere nso Osimiri Orkoor mgbe ọ nụrụ ụda egwu na adọrọ mmasị na mberede. Ka ọ na eru nso, na ezo n'azụ ahịhịa achara ma na ele anya, ọ hụrụ ìgwè mmadụ abụọ. Ọnọdụ ha dakọtara na ntụziaka nke agbụrụ abụọ, Mbayion na Mbatyav. E welitere ọkọlọtọ ọcha n'etiti ìgwè abụọ ahụ nke nwere otu ndị na akụ ọkpọ, ụmụ agbọghọ na agba egwú na ụmụ bebi na dagbera (ikpo okwu). Mgbe ahụ, ọ ghọtara na ndị na eme ihe nkiri ahụ abụghị mmadụ n'ezie kama adzov (mmụọ).

Ìgwè abụọ ahụ yiri ka ha na etinye aka na asọmpi nke yiri ya ka ọdịnala ịkọ akụkọ nke Tiv a maara dị ka kwagh-alom, mana enwere ọdịiche. N'ọnọdụ a, kama ịbụ onye na-akọ akụkọ, nwoke ga abịa n'etiti ámá egwuregwu ma n'elu olu ya gwa ndị na ege ntị ihe ha na achọ ịhụ. Mgbe ahụ, ndị na eme ihe nkiri ga abanye n'ógbè ahụ ma ọ bụ dị ka anụmanụ na agba egwú ma ọ bụ adzov, na agba egwu iji mesie àgwà ha ike.

Adikpo Songu na ekwu na ọ dara n'ụra na ekiri ihe nkiri ahụ, mgbe ọ tetara n'ụtụtụ echi ya, ọ dịghị ihe ọ bụla dị nso iji gosi na ihe omume dị otú ahụ mere n'ebe ahụ. Ya mere, o kwubiri na adzov ga  akpachara anya họrọ ya maka ebumnuche nke inye ya ọrụ nke iweta kwagh-hir n'aka ndị Tiv, na ihe a kpọrọ mmadụ n'ụdị na ụdị ọ nwere ihe ùgwù ile anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;KWH&quot; /&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hagher|first=Iyorwuese|date=2003|title=The Kwagh-Hir Theatre: A Metaphor of Resistance|url=|location=Ibadan|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|pages=44–48|isbn=978-36442-4-6|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;A

Dị ka [[Iyorwuese Hagher]] si kwuo, ndị Tiv achọghị ka ha bụrụ ihe osise. Tiv ga ekwu na ọkwa ọ bụla dị mma bụ amoosu; tsav ma ọ bụ adzov, onye nwere ike ichebe ndị nwere onyinye pụọ na mmerụ ahụ nke Tsav ndị ọzọ. N'ihi ya, ọ ga abụrịrị na ndị Tiv furu efu na ekpe ikpe ya banyere onye malitere kwagh-hir. N'ihi ya, ha nyere onye na ese ihe kwagh-hir (Tor-Kwagh-hir) dị ka onye malitere. Hagher kwubiri na ọ dịghị onye malitere kwagh-hir n'ụdị ya ugbu a.&lt;ref name=&quot;KWH&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hagher|first=Iyorwuese|date=2003|title=The Kwagh-Hir Theatre: A Metaphor of Resistance|url=|location=Ibadan|publisher=Caltop Publications (Nigeria) Ltd.|pages=44–48|isbn=978-36442-4-6|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Otú ọ dị, Gowon Ama Doki na ekwu na ihe nkiri kwagh-hir nke oge a sitere n'aka Adikpo Songu sitere n'ezinụlọ Mbatyav na mpaghara [[Gboko]] nke Benue Steeti mgbe o ji ụmụ bebi ya na masquerades ya mee ndị na ege ntị na 1960. &lt;ref name=&quot;KHI&quot; /&gt;{{Cite book|author=Doki|first=Gowon|date=2006|title=Traditional Theatre in Perspective: Signs and Signification in Igbe, Girinya, and Kwagh-hir|url=|location=Makurdi|publisher=Aboki Publishers|isbn=978-9-788-09830-0|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ka o sina dị, njikọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta kwagh-hirkwagh-hir Doki, bụ na dị ka ihe nkiri ọ bụla ọzọ, a pụghị ijikọta kwagh-ir na otu onye dị ka onye malitere. Kama nke ahụ, ọ bụ ihe okike nke ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ, na agbakọta iji kesaa ahụmịhe. Ọ bụ n'afọ ndị 1960 ka e mere nkwupụta okike pụrụ iche nke kwagh-hir; ijikọta ihe nkiri, egwu, okike na nka iji gbasaa okwu nke onye na akọ akụkọ n'ụdị ihe nkiri dum.&lt;ref name=&quot;KHI&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Doki|first=Gowon|date=2006|title=Traditional Theatre in Perspective: Signs and Signification in Igbe, Girinya, and Kwagh-hir|url=|location=Makurdi|publisher=Aboki Publishers|isbn=978-9-788-09830-0|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KPH&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Harper|first=Peggy|date=October 1997|title=The Kwagh-hir of the People of Tiv: A Note on Dramatised History Telling and Constructions of Nature among the Tiv of Southern Nigeria|url=http://www.environmentandsociety.org/node/2949|journal=Environment and History|volume=3|issue=3|pages=371–376|doi=10.3197/096734097779555845|accessdate=20 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hagher|first=Iorwuese|date=1990|title=The Tiv Kwagh-Hir: A popular Nigerian puppet theatre|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFkHAQAAIAAJ|location=|publisher=Centre for Black and African Arts and Civilisation|pages=12–61|isbn=|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ụlọ ihe nkiri Nyambuan ===
Tupu kwagh-hir, Tiv ahụla ihe nkiri ọzọ a maara dị ka ''Nyambuan'' nke a ma ama n'etiti afọ 1934 na 1939. Nyambuan pụtara n'ụzọ nkịtị na anụ ahụ emebiwo. Ọ bụ okwu mmeghe na mmegharị nke e mere iji wepụ ndị ''Mbatsav'' (ndị ọjọọ). Ọrụ Nyambuan bịara na mmetụta siri ike nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ma chọọ iweghachi usoro site na arụmọrụ cathartic iji kpochapụ alụmdi na nwunye mgbanwe Tiv a maara dị ka yamen-ishe (nke a sụgharịrị dị ka uru azụmaahịa) na iweghachi ọgba aghara ọdịbendị nke usoro ọchịchị na achị ndị Tiv. Egwuregwu ahụ weere ụdị ememe, na ndị na egwu egwu na ndị na'agba egwú mejupụtara akụkụ dị mkpa nke arụmọrụ nke dabeere na ememe. E nwere ọtụtụ njide na njide iwu na akwadoghị nke ndị na eme ihe nkiri Nyambuan. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ahokegh|first=A. F.|date=2014|title=Nyambuan Revolt Of 1939: Tradition Versus Modernity in Tiv Land of Central Nigeria|url=http://www.multidisciplinaryjournals.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/NYAMBUAN-REVOLT-OF-1939-TRADITION-VERSUS-MODERNITY-IN-TIV-LAND-OF-CENTRAL-NIGERIA.pdf|journal=International Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Research|volume=2|issue=2|pages=|doi=|accessdate=25 February 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Shii|first=B. I.|date=2013|title=Christianity in Tivland: A History of the NKST|url=|location=|publisher=De Mosty Standard Printing Press|pages=|isbn=|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''Kwagh-hir'', nke mechara pụta ma na eme taa, na ekwusi ike na mkparịta ụka n'ihi obi ọjọọ nke ndị na eme ihe nkiri nke ofufe ''Nyambuan'' ji mgbalị jikọtara ndị ozi ala ọzọ na gọọmentị Britain.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Akinsipe|first=Felix|date=March 2015|title=Dance as a Vehicle of Communication in the Tiv Kwagh-Hir Theater|url=|journal=International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies|volume=1|issue=4|pages=|doi=|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Iorapuu|first=Tor|date=2007|title=Avant-gradism in African Dances: An Example of the Tiv- Jamaa Dance Group of Ombakor-Lele|url=|journal=The Performer: Ilorin Journal of the Performing Arts|volume=9|issue=|pages=33–51|doi=|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nhazi ==
Otu kwagh-hir ma ọ bụ ihe omume nwere ọtụtụ akụkụ na nhazi ya. Ọ na agụnye mgbalị ndị otu niile nwere ọrụ dị iche iche ha ga arụ. Otu kwagh-hir, dị ka Iyorwuese Hagher si kwuo, kewara n'ime anọ: njikwa; ndị na eme ihe nkiri; ndị na'egwú na ndị na ese ihe (ndị na-ese). &lt;ref name=&quot;TKT&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hagher|first=Iorwuese|date=2014|title=The Kwagh-hir Theater: A Weapon for Social Action|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=11QnAgAAQBAJ|location=Lanham, Maryland|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-7618-6250-5|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;B

=== Nchịkwa ===
A chọpụtala ọtụtụ ọrụ n'otu kwagh-hir nke gụnyere ụmụ nwoke, ụmụ nwanyị na ndị ntorobịa.

* ''Ter kwagh-hir'' (onye isi) - Na enye njirimara maka otu ma hụ na nkwekọrịta dị n'ime otu.
* ''Orkyon'' (onye isi oche nke kọmitii njikwa otu kwagh-hir) - Ọ na abụkarị onye bara ọgaranya n'obodo nke na enye ihe onwunwe maka ọdịmma nke otu ahụ
* ''Ordondon'' (onye isi oche nke kọmitii njikwa otu kwagh-hir) - Na enyere Orkiọn aka na ọdịmma nke otu ahụ.
* ''Orngeren'' (odeakwụkwọ) - Na akpọ nzukọ ma na ewepụta atụmatụ. Ọ na enyekwa nkwupụta site na njikwa gaa na ndị otu
* ''Ikpanyar'' (onye na ahụ maka akụ) - Ọ na ahụkwa maka ego niile na enweta n'òtù ahụ ma na enye otu ihe ahụ.
* ''Tor Kwagh-hir'' (onye nduzi nka) - Onye isi oche nke ndị otu njikwa. Ọ na ahazi ndị otu ahụ dum ma na ahụ maka ọdịmma ha.
* ''Torkwase'' (onye ndú ụmụ nwanyị) - Na ele anya na ọdịmma na mkpa nke ndị na ese ihe nwanyị n'oge mmemme. Ọ bụkwa onye na ahụ maka ịgba egwú nke ụmụ nwanyị niile ma na akụziri ha abụ.
* ''Dugeri'' (onye nche) - Na ahụ na ịdọ aka ná ntị ma dozie obere esemokwu n'etiti ndị otu.
* ''Tor Ikyo'' (onye nche ọhịa)   Na eduga ma na eduzi ndị na akpụ osisi n'ime ọhịa.
* ''Agum-a-ior'' (ndị ntorobịa)   Na ahụ na nchekwa nke ndị ọbịa, na echebe ihe ndị dị na ya ma na akpali ndị na eme ihe nkiri n'oge mmepụta.

=== Ndị na eme ihe nkiri ===
[[Usòrò:A_kwagh-hir_character.jpg|thumb|Onye kwagh-hir na eme n'oge Benue Youth Carnival]]
[[Usòrò:A_kwagh-hir_performance.jpg|thumb|Egwuregwu kwagh-hir n'oge Benue Youth Carnival na Makurdi.]]
E nwere ọtụtụ ndị na eme ihe nkiri n'otu kwagh-hir na ọrụ ha na ekpebi site na akụkọ ha bu n'obi igosipụta. Otú ọ dị, ndepụta dị n'okpuru na egosi ndị na eme ihe nkiri a hụrụ n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu kwagh-hir ọ bụla dị.

* Ma ọ bụ shurwa (onye na akọ akụkọ)   Onye otu kachasị ekwu okwu nke na ahụ maka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị na ege ntị na ndị na eme ihe nkiri. Ọ na enye ndị na eme ihe nkiri ma na eji ihe ngosi dị mma eme ihe.
* Mbakuuv (masqueraders) - Ndị nọ n'azụ ihe nkpuchi na uwe ihe nkiri.
* Ma ọ bụ Iwanger (nwoke na enwu ọkụ) - Onye na ahụ maka ọkụ. Ọ na ebu oriọna dị ka onye nduzi maka mbakuuv n'ọgbọ egwuregwu.
* Mbanyoron dagbera (ndị na eme ihe nkiri)   Ndị na ahụ maka ihe nkiri site n'okpuru ikpo okwu.
* Ortongon korough (onye na afụ opi ma ọ bụ onye na edebe oge)   Oge oge nke ihe ngosi dị iche iche

=== Ndị na eti egwu ===
Ndị na agụ egwú na eduzi site na tor gbande (onye isi na akụ egwú) onye mue-tor gbande na enyere aka. Ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na akụ ọkpọ bụ akụkụ nke òtù ahụ ma na akpọ ụdị ọkpọ dị iche iche a maara dị ka itsorough (Tiv native snare drum), Ngo gbande (Tiv native bass drum), wdg.

=== Onye na ese ihe ===
A naghị ahụkarị onye na ese ihe (ma ọ bụ gban akaa) n'oge arụmọrụ kwagh-hir. Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ onye isi nke otu kwagh-hir. N'omume, a na ewere ya dị ka onye edemede na onye nduzi n'ihi na ọ na ekpebi nsụgharị na ịma mma nke arụmọrụ. A na akwụ onye na ese ihe, dabere na ọgụgụ isi ya ụgwọ iji mepụta ụmụ bebi na ihe nkpuchi maka otu.

== Ebe a na eme ihe nkiri ==
A na ekewa ọkwa Kwagh-hir n'ime mpaghara bụ isi, ọnọdụ ndị ukwe, n'azụ ikpo okwu na ụlọ nzukọ.

Ebe bụ isi bụ nhazi nke ọkara gburugburu na mpaghara arụmọrụ. Nke a bụ ebe ndị na ese ihe na eme ihe kachasị mma ha mgbe ha na agagharị na nsọtụ. Ọnọdụ ndị ukwe dị n'otu akụkụ nke ikpo okwu. Ọ na esonyere ndị na ege ntị na azụ ikpo okwu ma bụrụ nke ndị na agụ egwú na ndị na agba egwú na arụ ọrụ.

Ihe dị n'azụ ikpo okwu na abụkarị azụ ụlọ ndị dị gburugburu. A na ejedebe mpaghara a na ndị otu kwagh-hir. Ụlọ nzukọ ahụ bụ mpaghara gbara nnukwu ámá egwuregwu gburugburu ebe ndị na ege ntị na anọdụ ala.

== Ihe ịchọ mma nke Kwagh-hir na ihe ntecha ==
[[Usòrò:Kwagh-hir_masks.jpg|thumb|Ihe mkpuchi kwagh-hir na egosi na Makurdi, Benue State]]
[[Usòrò:Kwagh-hir_animated_character.jpg|thumb|Onye kwagh-hir na eme ihe nkiri n'oge Benue Youth Carnival]]
A na esite na omenala nke ọdịbendị Tiv mara mma nke Kwagh-hir ma gosipụta nghọta Tiv banyere ndụ ha. A na atụle nke a site na iji echiche dịgasị iche iche nke a na etinye n'ụdị dị iche iche iji gosipụta ọrụ ọha na eze. Ihe mkpuchi ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya ma gosipụta ọdịdị mara mma nke ndị Tiv. Ọ na agụnye ụfọdụ egwu mmekọrịta Tiv dị ka swange, gberichul, ihinga, ivom, Iee, Igbe, ibiamegh, girinya na ụdị ndị ọzọ na atọ ọchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Uji|first=Charles|date=1993|title=&quot;Tiv Aesthetics: Facts and Misrepresentations&quot; in Ahire, T. P. (ed.) The Tiv in Contemporary Nigeria|url=|location=Zaria|publisher=Tiv Studies Project|isbn=|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche nke kwagh-hir niile nwere ụkpụrụ omume. Ụmụ bebi ndị ahụ bụ ihe okike, ihe jọgburu onwe ya na ọbụna ihe ọchị, ma ha niile na egosipụta ajọ mbunobi omume na ntaramahụhụ nke ndị obodo Tiv. A na egosi mmata akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụfọdụ ụmụ bebi nke na anọchite anya ihe omume dịka mgbe nwanyị mbụ pụtara ma ọ bụ mgbe ụdị ejiji nke oge a nke imewe Europe nwetara nnabata mpaghara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Shuaib|first=Olapeju|date=2008|title=Costume and Make-Up as Indispensable Arts in Theatre Practice: A Historical Survey|url=|journal=The Creative Artist: A Journal of Theatre and Media Studies|volume=2|issue=1|pages=138|doi=|accessdate=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ụmụ bebi kwagh-hir nwere njirimara mara mma dị ka imi triangular, anya dị ka Nok, obere egbugbere ọnụ na imi trianguular. Agba eji ese ụmụ bebi na egbuke egbuke, n'ihi na ndị na-ese kwagh-hir na eji agba kpọmkwem site na isi iyi. Enweghị mgbalị a kpachapụrụ anya iji mepụta ụda, onyinyo ma ọ bụ ụcha. A na eme ejiji maka masquerade nke ọma ma na acha nnọọ mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Agaku|first=Saghevwua|date=2014|title=An Adaptation of kwagh-hir puppets to create kinetic paintings|url=|location=Zaria|publisher=|isbn=|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A na-emepụta ihe nkpuchi na ihe nkpuchi iji gosipụta ihe nnọchianya na mmegharị nke na akọwa akụkụ nke echiche ụwa nke Tiv. Ihe mkpuchi ọ bụla na egosipụta, ma na akọwa eziokwu n'etiti mmadụ, anụmanụ, mmụọ, na gburugburu ebe obibi. Onye ọ bụla na egosi mmetụta miri emi nke egwu, ọchị, iwe, ịhụnanya na ọbụna enweghị mmasị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Iyorwuese|first=Hagher|date=2017|title=Beauty and Meaning in Something Magical: The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv|url=|location=|publisher=BFP Publishing|isbn=978-0-692-98547-2|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt; A na ejikọta onye kwagh-hir ọ bụla na ọdịdị ya ma mepụta ọkwa na adịghị ahụ anya maka ndị na ege ntị.&lt;ref name=&quot;KRB&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bunch|first=Richard|date=2017|title=Something Magical: The Kwagh-Hir of the Tiv|url=|location=|publisher=BFP Publishing|isbn=978-0-692-98547-2|authorlink=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị nduzi nka a ma ama kwagh-hir ==
Ndị na-esonụ bụ ụfọdụ n'ime ndị a ma ama Ator-a-Kwagh-hir (ndị nduzi nka):

* Apev Akaa
* Anande Chieshe
* Chia Gbagir
* Ayange Gwer
* Adasu Jirgba
* Kende Kaase
* Adikpo Songo

== Ihe edeturu ==
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== Njikọ mpụga ==
Mgbasa ozi metụtaraKwagh-Hirna Wikimedia Commons

* [https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/kwagh-hir-theatrical-performance-00683 &quot;Ihe nkiri nke Kwagh-Hir na ebe nrụọrụ weebụ UNESCO&quot;]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPQlFzjlZ4I &quot;Vidio UNESCO na Kwagh-Hir ihe nkiri na Youtube]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7njKaZG8pwk &quot;Ọdịbendị furu efu: Ime ka Ụlọ Egwuregwu Kwagh Hir dịghachi ndụ na Youtube site na Terver Malu&quot;]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CVdvKY9DBqY &quot;Tiv Kwagh-hir puppetry&quot; na Youtube site na Rita Iorbo]
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'''Khalid Albaih''' ma ọ bụ '''Khalid Wad Albaih''' ( Arabic ; amụrụ 22 Eprel 1980) bụ onye na-ese foto ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị [[Sudan]], onye na-akwado ikike obodo na onye nta akụkọ nweere onwe ya, onye tolitere dị ka onye otu ndị mbata Sudan na Doha, [[Qatar]] . O bipụtala caricatures na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ya na akụkọ ya na Arab na mgbasa ozi ịntanetị nke mba ụwa, na eserese eserese ya egosipụtakwala n'ihu ọha na mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kushkush 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Kushkush|first=Isma’il|date=2013-06-07|title=Cartoonist's Pen Leaves Mark Across Arab World|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/08/world/africa/cartoonists-pen-leaves-a-mark-across-the-arab-world.html|accessdate=2020-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ na ọrụ nka ==
Nwa nwoke onye bụbu onye nnọchi anya Sudanese, Albaih tolitere na mpụga obodo ya. Ewezuga ọrụ onye nweere onwe ya dị ka onye na-ese foto ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na onye na-eme ihe ike, ndị Qatar Museum Authority were ya n'ọrụ dị ka onye isi nke ntinye na imepụta ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Kushkush 2013&quot;/&gt; Kemgbe 2017, ọ bi na Copenhagen, [[Denmark]], ebe a kpọrọ ya site na mmemme International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN) dị ka onye na-ese obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Khalid Albaih|url=https://www.icorn.org/writer/khalid-albaih|accessdate=2020-09-23|work=ICORN international cities of refuge network|language=en|archivedate=2021-08-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210818164849/https://icorn.org/writer/khalid-albaih}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Albaih na-ebipụta akwụkwọ akụkọ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ dị ka Al Jazeera, The Guardian ma ọ bụ Atlantic, na ihe nkiri ya na ibe mgbasa ozi ya n'okpuru aha &quot;Khartoon!&quot;, okwu na-egwu egwu na katoon na Khartoum, bụ isi obodo. nke [[Sudan]] .

Na Septemba 2016, mgbe ọ bụ onye ọrụ [[ikike mmadụ]] na Colby College na Maine, United States, Albaih kere eserese nke onye egwuregwu [[American football|bọọlụ America]] na onye na-akwado ikike obodo Colin Kaepernick, na-egbu ikpere n'ala na ntutu isi Afro ya n'ụdị ọkpọ ojii, na ngwa ngwa. wee viral. Site na katuun a na-ekerịta n'ọtụtụ ebe, Albaih chọrọ iwepụta onyonyo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị egwuregwu [[Ndị Afụrịka ǹkè Amerịka|America America]] ndị ọzọ kwụsiri ike na nnwere onwe obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Dakin Andone|title=The story behind the viral Colin Kaepernick cartoon|url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/09/04/us/colin-kaepernick-khalid-albaih-cartoon-trnd/index.html|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=CNN}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọkwa na 2016, Albaih na iri ndị ọzọ na-ese ihe nkiri si Middle East mere njem n'okporo ụzọ gafee akụkụ nke United States, na-enyocha na ikwu okwu banyere ikike obodo [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|US]] na mmekọrịta ya na ụmụ amaala nke mba ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Gormley|first=Jess|date=2016-07-11|title=Sudanese artist on US road trip: 'The story of civil rights is unfinished' – video|language=en-GB|work=The Guardian|url=https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/video/2016/jul/11/sudanese-artist-us-road-trip-civil-rights-video|accessdate=2020-09-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na 2019, yana nkwado ya na German Cultural Center dị na Khartoum, Albaih chịkọtara akwụkwọ eserese, akpọrọ ''Sudan Retold'' . Akwụkwọ nka a na-egosi nsụgharị nka nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sudan site n'aka ndị na-eto eto Sudan dị 30 dị iche iche, gụnyere akụkọ eserese banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mba ahụ, ihe nkiri banyere asụsụ ya dị iche iche ma ọ bụ mgbanwe echiche nke ịma mma nwanyị na Sudan. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Savvy Contemporary|date=|title=Sudan Retold|url=https://savvy-contemporary.com/en/events/2019/sudan-retold/|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=S A V V Y Contemporary|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=|first=|date=Nov 2019|editor=Fuhrmann|title=Sudan Retold|url=https://story.goethe.de/sudan-retold-en#207779|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506234309/https://story.goethe.de/sudan-retold-en#207779|archivedate=2021-05-06|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=story.goethe.de}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, ndị Artists nọ na Risk Connection (ARC) nyere ya &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=ARC – Artists at Risk Connection|url=https://artistsatriskconnection.org/|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=artistsatriskconnection.org|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''obibi nke Freedom Artists Residency'' (ARC) na New York City. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sudanese political cartoonist Khalid Albaih is the first recipient of the Freedom artist's residency|url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/sudanese-political-cartoonist-khalid-albaih-is-the-first-recipient-of-the-freedom-artist-s-residency|accessdate=2020-09-14|work=www.theartnewspaper.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Pop Up Show by Sudanese Cartoonist Khalid Albaih — ARC|url=https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/pop-up-show-by-sudanese-cartoonist-khalid-albaih|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=artistsatriskconnection.org|language=en-US|archivedate=2021-11-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101153918/https://artistsatriskconnection.org/story/pop-up-show-by-sudanese-cartoonist-khalid-albaih}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Egosiputala ihe nkiri Albaih n'ihu ọha n'otu ihe ngosi n'otu n'otu na mba Gulf, Europe, na United States. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Sudanese Cartoonist Khalid AlBaih Wants To Change The World Through Art|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/art/news/how-sudanese-cartoonist-khalid-albaih-wants-to-change-the-world-through-art|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=Harper's BAZAAR Arabia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, ewepụtara ọrụ na mmemme Albaih dị ka ihe ngosi mebere na [[Google]] Arts &amp;amp;amp; Culture . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The future is unwritten: Khalid Albaih, Khartoon!|url=https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/the-future-is-unwritten-khalid-albaih-khartoon/bQJiho2d0J_OJw|accessdate=2021-04-26|work=Google Arts &amp; Culture|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị maka ikike obodo na onye nta akụkọ nweere onwe ya ==
Dị ka onye na-akwado maka ikike obodo zuru ụwa ọnụ, Albaih ọ bụghị nanị na-ekwu banyere ihe omume ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na obodo ya [[Sudan]], ma ebipụtawokwa cartoons ma nye okwu banyere ihe ndị ọzọ na-eme ugbu a, dị ka ọgba aghara ndị a ma ama dị ka Arab Spring ma ọ bụ akara nke ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ nke Siria. Agha obodo, bụ ihe atụ na eserese ya na ọnwụ Alan Kurdi . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Albaih|first=Khalid|date=2016-11-11|title=Troubled Democracy - @KhalidAlbaih|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Z6zhKL4R08&amp;feature=youtu.be|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=Creative Time Summit DC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na Al Jazeera online si [[Qatar]] &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Khalid Albaih|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/profile/khalid-albaih.html|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=www.aljazeera.com|archivedate=22 September 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922141540/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/profile/khalid-albaih.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Albaih mere nkwupụta nkeonwe banyere ihe ize ndụ na-aga n'ihu nke mgbanwe mgbanwe megide mgbanwe Sudan nke 2018/19, dịka o dere &quot;na iji ndị na-eto eto dochie ndị ọchịchị aka ike ochie agaghị edozi nsogbu mpaghara ahụ. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Albaih|first=Khalid|title=No, it's not over for the Sudanese revolution|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/sudanese-revolution-190607082209760.html|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=www.aljazeera.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'akwụkwọ akụkọ Britain bụ The Guardian, o kwuru, sị: &quot;Site na Sudan, mba nke dị n'Africa na akụkụ nke Middle East, m na-ebu ibu nke otu n'ime ebe kachasị &quot;mgbagwoju anya&quot; n'ụwa. Nke ahụ bụ dịka akụkọ ọdịda anyanwụ si dị - dịka a ga-asị na West abụghị otu n'ime ihe na-agbagwoju anya na mpaghara ahụ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-11-26|title=Jamal Khashoggi's borrowed white privilege made his murder count {{!}} Khalid Albaih|url=http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/nov/26/jamal-khashoggi-white-privilege-murder-middle-east-dissidents|accessdate=2020-09-10|work=the Guardian|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ịmesi ike mkpa ụmụ amaala Sudan bi ná mba ọzọ maka mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị n'ụlọ, e hotara ya na Harper's Bazaar Arabia: &quot;Nke a bụ oge dị oke mkpa maka ndị si Sudan na-agba ọsọ maka ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe na olileanya laa azụ n'ụlọ. Ugbu a bụ oge mba ụwa ga-eme ka olu nke ndị na-alụ ọgụ maka nnwere onwe ha n'ala. &quot; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Rebecca Anne|first=Proctor|date=2019-10-14|title=How Sudanese Cartoonist Khalid AlBaih Wants To Change The World Through Art|url=https://www.harpersbazaararabia.com/art/news/how-sudanese-cartoonist-khalid-albaih-wants-to-change-the-world-through-art|archiveurl=|archivedate=|accessdate=2020-09-22|work=Harper's BAZAAR Arabia|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ihe ọzọ ebumnuche Albaih bụ ịkwado netwọk mmekọrịta maka ndị nka bi na mba nwere mmachi nke ngosipụta nka yana enweghị nnabata ọha. N'iburu nke a n'uche, o sonye na mmemme nka ahaziri onwe ya na obodo Sudan nke Karmakol, ebe amụrụ onye edemede Sudan a ma ama bụ Tayeb Salih na Disemba 2017. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2018-02-27|title=A Sudanese Village Arts Festival Looks Back to the Future · Global Voices|url=https://globalvoices.org/2018/02/27/from-an-arts-festival-in-a-traditional-sudanese-village-visions-of-past-and-future/|accessdate=2020-09-23|work=Global Voices|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọzọ n'ime ọrụ ya maka ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet bụ FADAA, a non-for-profit online platform, that Aims to give meaningful connections between art patrons and artists. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fadaa|url=https://getfadaa.com/about|accessdate=2020-09-23|work=getfadaa.com|archivedate=2021-09-24|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924071919/https://getfadaa.com/about}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isi ihe ngosi na onyinye ==

* ''Ndị Africa na Hague Justice'', nhọrọ nke ihe nkiri Africa nke na-atụgharị uche na Ụlọikpe Criminal International, The Hague, 2014
* ''Ọ bụghị ihe ọchị: Cartoon ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Khalid Albaih,'' The Arab American Museum, Dearborn, MI, 2015
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531034545/https://cmes.fas.harvard.edu/home ''#Khartoon!''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531034545/https://cmes.fas.harvard.edu/home ''- @khalidalbaih na Harvard''] [https://web.archive.org/web/20240531034545/https://cmes.fas.harvard.edu/home , Center for Middle Eastern Studies, Harvard University] , 2016
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20240529203947/https://sharjahart.org/sharjah-art-foundation/exhibitions/do-it mee ya بالعربي], Otu ngosi ihe ngosi nke Sharjah Art Foundation haziri, Sharjah, UAE, 2016
* [https://mocajacksonville.unf.edu/Exhibitions/Project-Atrium/Khalid-Albaih/ ''Project Atrium: Khalid Albaih'', Museum of Contemporary Art na Jacksonville, 2019]
* ''Onye otu Oak na Oak Institute for the Study of International Human Rights,'' Colby Center for Arts and Humanities, 2016
* Onye na-ese obodo nke mmemme International Cities of Refuge Network (ICORN), Copenhagen, Denmark, 2017
* Soros Arts Fellowship, 2018 &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Soros Arts Fellowship|url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/grants/soros-arts-fellowship?fellow=khalid-albaih&amp;past=1|accessdate=2020-09-24|work=www.opensocietyfoundations.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''Ebe obibi ndị nka nwere onwe'' site n'aka ndị nka na njikọ ihe ize ndụ (ARC), New York City, United States, 2019
* ''Ịsụ ngọngọ anaghị ada'', ikpo okwu omenala ArtX, Manhattan, New York City, 2019
* ''Mgbidi ahụ nwere ntị'', documenta iri na ise, Kassel, Germany

== Hụkwa ==

* Nkà ihe nkiri nke Sudan

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://about.me/khalidalbaih Ebe nrụọrụ weebụ Khalid Albaih]
* [https://g.co/arts/y1JY9uD37kcWYPRL9 Khalid Albaih] na Google Arts &amp;amp;amp; Culture
* [https://latuffcartoons.files.wordpress.com/2014/01/khalid-albaih-sudanese-cartoonist.gif Cartoon nke Khalid Albaih] nke onye na-ese foto Brazil bụ Carlos Latuff
* [https://www.barjeelartfoundation.org/artist/sudan/khalid-albaih/ Khalid Albaih na-arụ ọrụ na Barjeel Art Foundation, UAE]
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ibWGg6I5BWw ''&quot;Kedu ka ị ga-esi nweta akụkụ nke ọzọ n'akụkụ gị?&quot;'' Khalid Albaih | HagueTalks] na YouTube
* ''[https://www.culturunners.com/projects/crossing-the-line Ịgafe Line]'', oru ngo nke ''[https://www.culturunners.com/projects/crossing-the-line Culturunners]'' artists social enterprise
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506234309/https://story.goethe.de/sudan-retold-en ''Sudan Retold'', akwụkwọ nka gbasara Ọdịnihu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Sudan]
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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      <text bytes="3700" sha1="inuerui1c4mpuq7dtqbl1ovgn1t1ltm" xml:space="preserve">'''Jolanta Agnieszka Lapiak''' o bu ezigbo onye Canadian n'ese Ihe, onye n'ekwuchitere ndi nti chiri na onye keputara Handspeak, nke bu online English to American sign language dictionary.

== Agụmakwụkwọ na ọrụ ==
A mụrụ Lapiak na 1972 na Wroclaw, [[Poland]], ma mesịa kwaga Canada, ebe ọ gara Alberta School for the Deaf.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gallaudet Bio Guide&quot;&gt;[https://liblists.wrlc.org/biographies/53961 Lapiak, Jolanta Agnieszka]. ''Gallaudet University Library Guide to Deaf Biographies''. March 22, 2017.  Retrieved April 8, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe ọ nọ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị, Lapiak na-egwu mmiri n'asọmpi, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gallaudet Bio Guide&quot;/&gt; ọla nchara na {{Érèkọbalà|4 × 100 m}} freestyle relay na 1985 World Games for the Deaf &lt;ref name=&quot;freestyle relay 1985&quot;&gt;[[Comité International des Sports des Sourds|International Committee of Sports for the Deaf]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220525200722/https://deaflympics.com/games/1985-s/results/1051 &quot;Results - Swimming 4x100m freestyle relay (Women)&quot;]. ''Los Angeles 1985''. Retrieved April 8, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;jolanta lapiak deaflympics profile&quot;&gt;[[Comité International des Sports des Sourds|International Committee of Sports for the Deaf]]. [https://www.deaflympics.com/athletes/jolanta-lapiak &quot;Jolanta LAPIAK&quot;]. ''Athletes''. Retrieved Feb 22, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; na ọlaọcha na ọla edo na 1989 Games na 100m butterfly na 200m butterfly, n'otu n'otu.&lt;ref name=&quot;100m butterfly 1989&quot;&gt;[[Comité International des Sports des Sourds|International Committee of Sports for the Deaf]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220522110111/http://deaflympics.com/games/1989-s/results/867 &quot;Results - Swimming 100m butterfly (Women)&quot;]. ''Christchurch 1989''. Retrieved April 8, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;200m butterfly 1989&quot;&gt;[[Comité International des Sports des Sourds|International Committee of Sports for the Deaf]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210515014124/https://www.deaflympics.com/games/1989-s/results/868 &quot;Results - Swimming 200m butterfly (Women)&quot;]. ''Christchurch 1989''. Retrieved April 8, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na BA na Mahadum Gallaudet na 1994 &lt;ref name=&quot;Gallaudet Bio Guide&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;handspeak about page&quot;&gt;[https://www.handspeak.com/learn/1/?info=about]. ''About handspeak.com''. Retrieved Feb 22, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; n'ihu nweta BFA na Media Arts &amp; Digital Technologies na Alberta College of Art &amp;amp;amp; Design &lt;ref name=&quot;website bio&quot;&gt;[https://www.lapiak.com/index.php?id=3 Biography]. ''Jolanta Lapiak''. Retrieved Feb 22, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt; na MFA na Media arts na Mahadum NSCAD.

Lapiak ejirila ọrụ ya rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye na-ede akwụkwọ na mgbasa ozi na onye na-eme ihe ike.&lt;ref name=&quot;handspeak about page&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;website bio&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;7a-11d 2010 article&quot;&gt;[https://7a-11d.ca/festival_artist/lapiak-jolanta/ De-hearingization]. ''2010 8th 7a*11d Festival''. Retrieved Feb 22, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inspiring teaching ualberta&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20200429134110/https://www.ualberta.ca/centre-for-teaching-and-learning/resources/inspiring-teaching/jolanta-lapiak.html &quot;Teaching as a Complementary Science and Art&quot;]. ''Inspiring Teaching''. Retrieved from [https://www.ualberta.ca/centre-for-teaching-and-learning/resources/inspiring-teaching/jolanta-lapiak.html the original] on April 8, 2020.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7a-11asdf0 article&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20240222103331/https://aregeebee.typepad.com/sign_language_interpretin/sliaos-phil-parker-lecture-series/ &quot;In the eye of phonocentrism&quot;]. ''SLIAO's &quot;Phil Parker Lecture Series&quot; ''. Retrieved Feb 22, 2024.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
[[Otú:Ndị amụrụ n'afọ 1972]]</text>
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    <title>Januarius Jingwa Asongu</title>
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      <text bytes="7884" sha1="4wy0xymo3e5994detjn126x5h5ltluy" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Asongu-pic.jpg|thumb|Januarius Jingwa Asongu]]
  

'''Januarius Jingwa (JJ) Asongu''' bụ onye ọkà ihe ọmụma mba Amerika, ọkà mmụta, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=FE8EXpQAAAAJ&amp;hl=en|title=JJ Asongu - Google Scholar Citations|accessdate=2017-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye nta akụkọ, onye edemede, onye ọchụnta ego, na onye n'eme ihe ike. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Bahru Zewde|title=Society, State and Identity in African History: Bahru Zewde: 9789994450251: Amazon.com: Books|year=2008|publisher=African Books Collective|isbn=978-9994450251}}&lt;/ref&gt; A mụrụ ya n'obodo Lewoh, nke dị na mba British Southern Cameroon, [[Afrịka]], ọ kwagara na mba [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] n'etiti afọ 1990 wee ghọọ nwa amaala.

Na mba  [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye n'ahụ maka ihe ndị ruuru mmadụ na onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.blccarchives.org/files/2000_concerned_cameroonians.pdf|title=UNILATERAL PRIVATIZATION OF THE CDC WITHOUT PROPER CONSULTATION OF THE PEOPLE CANNOT PROVIDE A VIABLE AND SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION TO CAMEROON'S ECONOMIC PROBLEMS|author=Horst Koehler|work=Blccarchives.org|accessdate=2017-04-10|archivedate=2017-02-07|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170207113125/http://www.blccarchives.org/files/2000_concerned_cameroonians.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ n'arụkwa ọrụ na agụmakwụkwọ, n'akụzi azụmahịa na ọtụtụ mahadum. N'afọ 2012, o guzobere mahadum mba ụwa nke mba Amerika na Kameroon nke a n'akpọ Mahadum Saint Monica (SMU). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.smuedu.org/history|title=Saint Monica University|work=Smuedu.org|accessdate=9 April 2017|archivedate=6 February 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206022124/https://www.smuedu.org/history}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'inwe isi ụlọ ọrụ na mba [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]], SMU nwere ugbu a ụlọ akwụkwọ na Kameroon na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị n'abịanụ na Cambodia, [[Equatorial Guinea]] na mba Nigeria.

== Ọmụmụ na mmalite ndụ ==
A mụrụ Januarius Asongu n'ezinụlọ nọ n'etiti na West [[Kameroon|Cameroon]] (nke bụbu British Cameroons) n'afọ 1970 dị ka nwa mbụ n'ime ụmụ asaa (nwaanyị anọ na ụmụ nwoke atọ). Nne na nna ya, Nicholas Jingwa na Monique Nkengbeza, bụ Ndị Kraịst Katọlik n'anụ ọkụ n'obi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.usccb.org/beliefs-and-teachings/what-we-believe/catholic-social-teaching/seven-themes-of-catholic-social-teaching.cfm|title=Seven themes of Catholic Social Teaching|publisher=Usccb.org|accessdate=2017-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye ndú nke Young Christian Students (YCS) n'obodo Kumbo Diocese mgbe ọ nọ na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na sekọndị.

Asongu gara ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị na ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọrịtandrị na Goomentị uloakwukwo dị elụ Kumbo (nke bụzi Government Bilingual High School Kumpo) site n'afọ 1982 rụọ n'afọ 1989. Ọ malitere ọzụzụ ụkọchukwu ya na Bishop Rogan College,  Soppo, Buea.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://birocol-com.webs.com/|title=Bishop Rogan College - Minor Seminary|publisher=Birocol-com.webs.com|accessdate=2017-04-09|archivedate=2017-04-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170408005908/http://birocol-com.webs.com/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Agụmakwụkwọ mahadụm ya malitere na St. Thomas Aquinas Major Seminary, Bambui, ụlọ ọrụ jikọtara ya na  Mahadum Pontifical Urbanian , Rome,  ebe ọ nwetara nzere Bachelor of Philosophy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.leffortcamerounais.com/2013/10/st-thomas-aquinas-major-seminary-bambui-announces-ruby-jubilee-celebrations.html|title=L'Effort Camerounais (English Version): St. Thomas Aquinas' Major Seminary Bambui Announces Ruby Jubilee Celebrations|publisher=Leffortcamerounais.com|date=2013-10-09|accessdate=2017-04-09|archivedate=2017-05-03|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503022427/http://www.leffortcamerounais.com/2013/10/st-thomas-aquinas-major-seminary-bambui-announces-ruby-jubilee-celebrations.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ hapụsịrị seminarị ahụ, ọ malitere ọrụ agụmakwụkwọ na mba ofesi na omenala nke onye nduzi ya, Prọfesọ Bernard Fonlon nwụrụ anwụ, onye bụkwa onye seminarị na onye mbụ si Kameroon iji nweta PhD. Asonge nwetara asambodo na akwụkwọ akụkọ na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]], [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] n'afọ 1995 na PhD n'akwụkwọ akụkọ n'afọ 1998 na mba United Steetị. Ọ bụ onye mbụ si Kameroons ka e nyere ya Press Fellowship  na Wolfson College, Mahadum Cambridge site na Nuffield Foundation  n'mba [[Obodoézè Nà Ofú|United Kingdom]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wolfson.cam.ac.uk/applying/press/|title=Press Fellowship &amp;#124; Wolfson College Cambridge|publisher=Wolfson.cam.ac.uk|accessdate=2017-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/|title=Nuffield Foundation -|work=Nuffieldfoundation.org|accessdate=9 April 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20191225143544/https://www.nuffieldfoundation.org/|archivedate=25 December 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2012, o nwetara nzere Master of Science na njikwa teknụzụ ozi na Mahadum Maryland University College, n'afọ  2011 PhD na nchịkwa azụmahịa na Mahadum Charisma.

== Akụkọ ọrụ dị mkpirikpi ==
Ọrụ mbụ Asongu bụ nke onye nkuzi nke akwụkwọ Bekee, akụkọ ihe mere eme, na azụmahịa na Bishop Rogan College, Buea (1989/90). N'afọ 1993/94, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye seminarị na St. John's Katholic Parish, Kumba, na St. Luke's Parish, Nyandong. Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ akụkọ, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na Kameroons, ebe o dere maka akwụkwọ akụkọ dị iche iche ma soro n'akwado mmemme Katọlik na CRTV. Ihe odide ya mere ka ya na nchịkwa nwee esemokwu, ma n'afọ 1997 ọ hapụrụ mba ahụ gaa mba [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]]. Ọrụ mbụ ya na mba US bụ ọrụ odeakụkọ, ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ na The Houston Chronicle  dị ka onye Alfred Friendly Press Fellow. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.chron.com|title=Houston News, Sports, Business, and Entertainment - The Houston Chronicle at Chron.com - Houston Chronicle|publisher=Chron.com|accessdate=2017-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://presspartners.org/|title=Alfred Friendly Press Partners|publisher=Presspartners.org|accessdate=2017-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye mbụ si na Kameroons iji nweta mkpakọrịta a site na Alfred Friendly Foundation E nyere ya Press Fellowship  na Wolfson College, Cambridge.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.wolfson.cam.ac.uk/applying/press/|title=Press Fellowship &amp;#124; Wolfson College Cambridge|publisher=Wolfson.cam.ac.uk|date=2017-03-06|accessdate=2017-04-09}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe ọ laghachiri na mba US site na mba UK, ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka onye nta akụkọ na onye nchịkọta akụkọ maka akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin dị iche iche ma kụzie obere oge n'ọtụtụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. N'afọ 1999, ọ banyere na mmekọrịta ọha na eze ebe ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ mba ụwa. Asongu akụziwo na ọtụtụ mahadum na mba United States gụnyere Mahadum Rockford, Rockford, IL; Mahadum Herzing, Milwaukee, WI; Mahadum Fort Hays State, Hays, KS; Mahadim Embry-Riddle Aeronautical, Rockford Campus; Mahadum Franklin, Columbus, OH.   &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2017)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt; Ọ malitekwara ọtụtụ obere azụmaahịa na [[Njikọ̀taọ̀hà|United States]] na Cameroon.
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Anna Nicole</title>
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      <text bytes="4850" sha1="oatd4eurjhg6nejjfugkw3qdtxjwa01" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Anna Nicole Smith 162.jpg|thumb|Anna Nicole na 2003]]
 

'''''Anna Nicole''''' bụ opera Bekee na ihe omume 2 na ihe nkiri 16, na egwu nke Mark-Anthony Turnage na akwụkwọ Bekee nke Richard Thomas. Dabere na ndụ ihe nlereanya America Anna Nicole Smith, opera nwetara première ya na 17 February 2011 na Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, London, nke Richard Jones duziri.  Ekwusara ndekọ nke opera na BBC Four na BBC iPlayer na 25 Maachị 2011.[6]  Mgbasa ozi ahụ dọtara ndị na-ekiri 67,700.  Opera nwetara ntughari London nke mbụ na Covent Garden na Septemba 2014.  &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/12/anna-nicole-review-royal-opera-house-london|title=''Anna Nicole'' review – a scabrous tale of sex, money and ambition|work=The Guardian|author=Tim Ashley|date=2014-09-12|accessdate=2015-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2014/sep/14/anna-nicole-review-royal-opera-house|title=''Anna Nicole'' review – an abject story told indecently well|work=The Observer|author=Kate Kellaway|date=2014-09-13|accessdate=2015-09-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbụ ==
Egwuregwu ahụ nwetara ihe ngosi mbụ ya na Europe na Theater Dortmund (Germany) n'ọnwa Eprel afọ 2013 na soprano America Emily Newton na ọrụ aha.[1]  Anna Nicole natara ihe ngosi US ya na Septemba 17, 2013, na mmepụta nke New York City Opera na Brooklyn Academy of Music, [2] ikpeazụ ọrụ nke City Opera haziri tupu emechi ya n'afọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.broadwayworld.com/article/New-York-City-Opera-and-BAM-Begin-US-Premiere-of-ANNA-NICOLE-Opera-Today-20130917|title=Opernneuheit in Dortmund: ''Anna Nicole''|work=Online Merker|date=17 September 2013|accessdate=2013-11-28|language=German}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ọrụ
!Ụdị olu
!Onye izizi, 17 Febụwarị 2011 Onye nduzi: Antonio Pappano&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Anna Nicole
|soprano
|Eva-Maria Westbroek
|-
|Virgie, ''nne ya''
|mezzo-soprano
|Susan Bickley
|-
|Papa Hogan, ''nna ya''
|bass
|Jeremy White
|-
|Billy, ''di mbụ ya''
|baritone
|Grant Doyle
|-
|J. Howard Marshall, ''di ya nke abụọ''
|tenor
|Alan Oke
|-
|Kay, ''nwanne nne ya''
|mezzo-soprano
|Rebecca nke Pont Davies
|-
|Shelley, ''nwa nwanne nne ya''
|mezzo-soprano
|Loré Lixenberg
|-
|Stern, ''onye ọka iwu ya''
|bass-baritone
|Gerald Finley
|-
|Daniel, ''nwa ya nwoke''
|na-adịghị ekwu okwu
|Andrew Gilbert
|-
|Daniel dị afọ iri na ụma
|baritone
|Dominic Rowntree
|-
|Larry King, ''onye nta akụkọ telivishọn''
|tenor
|Peter Hoare
|-
|Blossom
|mezzo-soprano
|Allison Cook
|-
|Dọkịta Ee
|tenor
|Andrew Rees
|-
|Onye isi obodo nke Mexico
|tenor
|Wynne Evans
|-
|Onye isi obodo nke Mexia (Roy Fiction) 
|baritone
|Damian Thantrey
|-
|Onye na-anya ụgbọala
|tenor
|Jeffrey Lloyd-Roberts
|-
|Dominic Gent
|tenor
|[[Dominic Peckham]]
|-
|Onye Nlekọta
|baritone
|Grant Doyle
|-
|Onye na-agba ọsọ
|baritone
|ZhengZhong Zhou
|-
|Meat Rack Quartet
|sopranosopranomezzo-sopranomezo-soprano&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Marianne CotterillKiera LynessLouise ArmitAndrea Hazell&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Ezinụlọ Marshall
|mezzo-sopranomezzo-soplanobaritonebass&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Loré LixenbergRebecca de Pont DaviesGrant DoyleJeremy White&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Ndị na-agba egwú anọ
|sopranosopranomezzo-sopranomezo-soprano&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|Yvonne BarclayKaty BathoAmy CattAmanda Floyd&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-
|Ìgwè Egwú Na-eme n'elu Ikpo okwu
|
|John Parricelli (onye na-akpọ ụbọ) John Paul Jones (onye na na-akpọ obere) Peter Erskine (onye na -akụ ụbọ) &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|}

== Nkọwa ==

=== Omume nke 1 ===

* 'Scene Zero' - Mmalite
* Ihe nkiri 1 - 'America Na-abụ abụ'
* Scene 2 - &quot;Ee e! Ọ bụ Mu-Hay-Uh.
* Ihe nkiri nke 3 - &quot;Hey Anyị bụ Ezinụlọ&quot;
* Ihe nkiri nke 4 - 'Ịda n'Ajọ Ọzọ'
* Ihe nkiri nke 5 - 'Life Implants'
* Ihe nkiri nke 6 - 'American Dreaming'
* Ihe nkiri 7 - 'Alụmdi na nwunye na White Dove Chapel'

=== Omume nke Abụọ ===

* Ihe nkiri 8 - 'Red Carpet Diem'
* Ihe nkiri 9 - 'Pụrụ!'
* Scene 10 - &quot;Ọ nwụghịkwa!&quot;
* Ihe nkiri 11 - 'N'azụ ikpo okwu na Larry King Show'
* Ihe nkiri 12 - 'The Larry King Show and Tell'
* Ihe nkiri 13 - &quot;Good Morning Hollywood&quot;
* Ihe nkiri 14 - 'Birth Worth'
* Ihe nkiri 15 - 'Ọnwụ Daniel'
* Ihe nkiri 16 - 'Mesia Clown'

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* &quot;A Tabloid Star Is Joining the Sisterhood of the Fallen&quot; nke Michael White, ''The New York Times'' (11 February 2011) 
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20221226003521/https://www.bam.org/media/2680109/Anna%20Nicole.pdf Brooklyn Academy of Music, BAM 2013 Next Wave Festival, ihe omume banyere ''Anna Nicole'']
* An Nicole (trailer) - Royal Opera House na  (February 2011) 
* An Nicole (trailer) - Oper Dortmund na  (April 2013) 
{{Anna Nicole Smith}}</text>
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    <title>Jacqueline Asiimwe</title>
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{{Infobox person|title=[[Chief Executive Officer]] of ''CivSource Africa''.}}

'''Jackie Asiimwe–Mwesige''', (nee: '''Jacqueline Asiimwe''' ) (amuru Maachị 1970), bu onye ọka iwu ruuru mmadu na onye ndu ndi Uganda. Ọ bụ onye isi oche ugbu a nke East African Philanthropy Network (EAPN) na onye isi nchịkwa nke ''CivSource Africa'', ụlọ ọrụ na-ahụ maka ndụmọdụ enyemaka nke o hiwere na 2017. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/56620-jackie-asiimwe-has-climbed-five-mountains|title=Jackie Asiimwe has climbed five mountains|work=[[The Observer (Uganda)]]|date=16 January 2018|author=Prisca Baike|accessdate=5 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.andariya.com/post/on-giving-and-generosity-an-interview-with-jacqueline-asiimwe|title=On Giving &amp; Generosity: An Interview with Jacqueline Asiimwe|work=Andariya.com|date=11 January 2021|author=Sarah Biryomumaisho|accessdate=5 October 2021|archivedate=5 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005125712/https://www.andariya.com/post/on-giving-and-generosity-an-interview-with-jacqueline-asiimwe}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tara Abrahams &amp; Jacqueline Asiimwe to join ICRW's Board|url=https://www.icrw.org/news/tara-abrahams-and-jacqueline-asiimwe-to-join-icrw-board/|accessdate=2023-01-22|work=ICRW {{!}} PASSION. PROOF. POWER.|date=24 July 2020|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye isi oche nke ''International Center for Research on Women Uganda'', ihe mmekọ nke International Center for Research on Women ICRW, nke dabeere na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]], United States. Jacqueline bụ onye otu Global Board of ICRW. Ọ na-ejekwa ozi dị ka osote Mmemme na Advocacy Manager for ''Civil Society Capacity Building Programme'', nke European Union kwadoro, site na 2007 ruo 2009. &lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[New Vision]]|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1136951/eu-uganda-sh18b|title=EU gives Uganda Sh18b|date=15 November 2006|author=Milton Olupot|accessdate=5 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ mmalite na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ ya na March 1970 na Mengo Hospital dị na Kampala, isi obodo Uganda. Ndị mụrụ ya bụ Reverend Benon Mugarura Mutana na Oriakụ Joye Mugarura. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

Asiimwe gara ụlọ akwụkwọ praịmarị Mengo ebe ọ nọ ọdụ P7 na 1983. O sonyezie ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị Gayaza bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ sekọndrị ụmụ nwanyị kacha ochie na [[Uganda]], site na 1984 ruo 1989 maka ọmụmụ O-Level na A-Level. O nwere nzere bachelọ nke iwu, nke Mahadum Makerere nyere ya, mahadum ọha na eze kachasị na Uganda. &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

Ọ na-ejidekwa diploma diploma na Legal Practice, nke e nwetara site na Ụlọ Ọrụ Mmepe Iwu na Kampala. Ụlọ akwụkwọ iwu Mahadum Georgetown nyere ya nzere Master of Laws, dị na [[Washington, D.C.|Washington, DC]] &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Mgbe ọ ka na-agụsị akwụkwọ na Mahadum Makerere, Jacqueline ghọrọ onye otu Uganda isi nke Federacion Internacional de Abogadas (FIDA) (International Federation of Women Lawyers), malite dị ka onye ọrụ afọ ofufo. &lt;ref name=&quot;4R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/OpEd/Commentary/16-Days-Activism-Against-Gender-Based-Violence--hope-redress/689364-5365914-p1thbq/index.html|title=16 Days of Activism Against Gender- Based Violence offers hope for redress|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|date=28 November 2019|author=Lillian Byarugaba Adriko|accessdate=5 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye na-ahụ maka mgbasa ozi na Uganda Women's Network (UWONET). N'oge a, ọ na-arụkọ ọrụ na ọtụtụ ụmụ nwanyị ndị na-agbachi nkịtị n'ihe gbasara nlekọta, ime ihe ike n'ezinụlọ, na ndina n'ike. &lt;ref name=&quot;5R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/15/africa/uganda-domestic-violence-as-equals-intl/index.html|title=A transport ban in Uganda means women are trapped at home with their abusers|work=[[Cable News Network]]|date=May 2020|author=Louise Donovan|accessdate=5 October 2021|archivedate=13 April 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413193251/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/15/africa/uganda-domestic-violence-as-equals-intl/index.html}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[Human Rights Watch]]|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2003/uganda0803/6.htm|title=HRW: Just Die Quietly: Domestic Violence and Women's Vulnerability to HIV in Uganda: V. State Response|date=14 December 2002|author=Jackie Asiimwe–Mwesige|accessdate=5 October 2021|format=Jacqueline Asiimwe–Mwesige Was UWOET Coordinator in December 2002}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://mulerasfireplace.com/2099-2/|title=Profile of Jackie Asiimwe, A Ugandan Lawyer|date=21 March 2016|work=Mulerasfireplace.com|accessdate=5 October 2021|author=Muniini K. Mulera|archivedate=13 April 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250413193255/https://mulerasfireplace.com/2099-2/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|publisher=Mohr Siebeck|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3msSO2dBUAC&amp;q=Jacqueline+Asiimwe+yale&amp;pg=PA178|title=Die Anerkennung traditioneller Institutionen in Südafrika, Ghana und Uganda: Eine verfassungs- und völkerrechtliche Perspektive|author=Lisa Heemann|isbn=978-3-16-154717-1|date=14 November 2016|format=In the German Language}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Independent|first=The|date=2016-09-08|title=INTERVIEW: Jacqueline Asiimwe on finding her human rights calling early|url=https://www.independent.co.ug/interview-jacqueline-asiimwe-finding-human-rights-calling-early/|accessdate=2023-01-22|work=The Independent Uganda|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ na-arụkwa ọrụ dị ka onye njikwa obodo maka onye na-enye onyinye na-amaghị aha, osote Mmemme na Advocacy Manager for European Union Civil Society Capacity building program, Chief Executive Officer Uganda Women's Network, Fellow; Ngalaba ikike ụmụ nwanyị nke Human Rights Watch . Asiimwe bụ onye isi nchịkwa CivSource Africa otu nzukọ na-achọpụta ma na-akwado ọrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ na-enye ego na ndị na-enye aka na Africa. Nzukọ a na-achọkarị ijikọ na ịkwado ọrụ enyemaka obodo / Africa ma na-enye njikwa onyinye na ndụmọdụ ndụmọdụ gbasara ọnọdụ na atụmatụ. &lt;ref name=&quot;9R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=African Philanthropy Network (APN)|url=https://africaphilanthropynetwork.org/fr/rewriting-the-narrative-of-african-philanthropy-a-round-table-conversation-with-jacqueline-asiimwe-the-ceo-of-civsource-africa/|title=Rewriting The Narrative Of African Philanthropy: A Round Table Conversation With Jacqueline Asiimwe, The CEO Of CivSource Africa|date=1 May 2021|author=African Philanthropy Network|accessdate=5 October 2021|archivedate=5 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005221114/https://africaphilanthropynetwork.org/fr/rewriting-the-narrative-of-african-philanthropy-a-round-table-conversation-with-jacqueline-asiimwe-the-ceo-of-civsource-africa/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;10R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1513918/social-enterprises-neglected-uganda|title=Social Enterprises Neglected In Uganda|work=[[New Vision]]|date=24 January 2021|author=John Odyek|accessdate=5 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;11R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[New Vision]]|date=2 October 2019|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1507905/corruption-threatening-space-csos-east-africa|title=Corruption threatening space for CSOs in East Africa|author=Samuel Lutwama|accessdate=5 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;12R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[New Vision]]|date=11 October 2019|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1508804/women-reject-hike-nomination-fees|title=Women reject move to hike nomination fees|author=Penelope Nankunda|accessdate=5 October 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Asiimwe jekwara ozi dị ka onye isi oche ndị mmekọ Ugandan nke International Center for Research on Women. Ọ bụ onye otu bọọdụ Femme Forte, Project Soar na East Africa Philanthropy Network. Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye njikwa obodo na Uganda na ''Wellspring Advisors'', ụlọ ọrụ ndụmọdụ enyemaka ndị America. &lt;ref name=&quot;13R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://glimug.com/femme-forte-organizes-conversation-on-image-based-violence/|title=Femme Forte Organizes Conversation on Image Based Violence|work=Glim Uganda|date=17 September 2019|author=Consolate Namyalo|accessdate=5 October 2021|archivedate=26 June 2020|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626092537/https://glimug.com/femme-forte-organizes-conversation-on-image-based-violence/}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;14R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://reigniteafrica.org/become-a-mentor/2018-professional-mentors/13913817_10154478251664009_8269218016286923927_o/|title=Awakening The Giant In You: Professional Mentors: Jacqueline Asiimwe|work=ReigniteAfrica.org|date=2018|author=Reignite Africa|accessdate=5 October 2021|archivedate=5 October 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005200856/http://reigniteafrica.org/become-a-mentor/2018-professional-mentors/13913817_10154478251664009_8269218016286923927_o/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Sheila Kawamara-Mishambi

== Ntụaka ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Òtù:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Kathleen Addy</title>
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      <text bytes="3578" sha1="so3pv9wfmhusu69n28efy3j8inbavsl" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person|name=Kathleen Addy|image=|alt=|caption=|birth_name=|birth_date=|birth_place=|death_date=|death_place=|nationality=Ghanaian|other_names=|occupation=|known_for={{hlist|Activism}}|net worth=|title=Deputy Chairman, Finance and Administration, NCCE|spouse=|children=}}

Kathleen Addy bụ onye ndọrọndọrọ ọchịchị Ghana nwere mmasị pụrụ iche na ọchịchị na ikike mmadụ.[1][2] Ọ bụ osote Kọmishọna nke National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE), [2] [3] ọnọdụ ọ nọrọla kemgbe March 2017.[1] Ya na ndị gọọmentị na ndị na-abụghị ndị gọọmentị na-arụkọ ọrụ na Ghana iji kwalite ojiji nke usoro nkwukọrịta na ntinye aka n'ịkwalite mmetụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.commsconsult.org/staff/kathy-addy/|title=Kathy Addy|date=2013-10-10|work=CommsConsult|language=en-GB|accessdate=2019-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Addy gụsịrị akwụkwọ na nzere bachelọ na Psychology na Mahadum Ghana. O nwetara nzere masta na nkwukọrịta na Mahadum nke Ghana School of Communications Studies . &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://ghanaguardian.com/kathleen-addy-appointed-deputy-ncce-commissioner|title=Kathleen Addy appointed Deputy NCCE Commissioner|work=The Ghana Guardian News|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Na 2017, [1] A họpụtara Addy osote onye isi oche na Charge of Finance na Administration na National Commission for Civic Education [2] site n'aka Onye isi ala Nana Akufo-Addo.[3] Addy esorola òtù ọha mmadụ na Ghana rụkọọ ọrụ [3] gụnyere Center for Democratic Development (CDD) ebe ọ bụ onye njikwa nkwukọrịta Afrobarometer na-ahụ maka mba Africa asaa.[3] Addy rụkwara ọrụ na Center for Policy Analysis (CEPA) Ghana dị ka onye na-ahụ maka nyocha na nkwukọrịta, [4] na-elekwasị anya na nkwado akụ na ụba ụmụ nwanyị na nkwekọrịta mmekọrịta akụ na ụba. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/761871/kathleen-addy-appointed-deputy-ncce-commissioner.html|title=Kathleen Addy appointed Deputy NCCE Commissioner|date=2017-03-15|work=Modern Ghana|language=en|accessdate=2019-05-25}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

Addy arụwo ọrụ na ọrụ gbasara okike na mmepe akụ na ụba,  ime ihe ike gbasara okike, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/features/press-for-progress-framing-our-future/|title=‘PRESS FOR PROGRESS’…framing our future {{!}} Business &amp; Financial Times Online|author=Tetteh|first=Kennedy|language=en-US|accessdate=2019-05-25|archivedate=2020-05-02|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20200502023522/https://thebftonline.com/2018/features/press-for-progress-framing-our-future/}}&lt;/ref&gt; na mmepe ego site na azụmaahịa mba ụwa. &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Southern%20Voices%20Conference%20Report-%20FOR%20WEB_0.pdf|title=Southern Voices in the Northern Policy Debate - A Conference Report|work=Wilson Center|accessdate=2019-05-25|archivedate=2017-07-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708030512/https://www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Southern%20Voices%20Conference%20Report-%20FOR%20WEB_0.pdf}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. ''Wilson Center''. Archived from  &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt; on 2017-07-08&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2019-05-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Jalila Khamis Koko</title>
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'''Jalila Khamis Koko''' (nakwa Jalila Khamis Kuku) bụ onye nkuzi na onye ndọrọndọrọ onye Sudan. Na Maachị 2012, ndị Sudanese National Intelligence and Security Service (NISS) nwụchiri ya ma bo ya ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru.[1] Mgbe ejichara ọnwa 10, a tọhapụrụ ya na Jenụwarị 2013.[2] Na December 2013, e nyere Khamis onyinye nke European Union na Sudan &quot;Heroes for Human Rights Award 2013&quot;. &lt;ref name=&quot;EU (2013)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Human Rights Day: Ambassador Tomas says Europe will continue to protect human rights defenders worldwide|url=http://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/sudan/press_corner/all_news/news/2013/20131211_en.htm|publisher=Delegation of the European Union to Sudan|accessdate=27 February 2015|date=12 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
A mụrụ Jalila Khamis gburugburu 1968 na South Kordofan na mpaghara Nuba Mountain nke Sudan na ọ bụ agbụrụ Nubian.[1] [2] Kemgbe etiti 1980s, ewezuga obere oge afọ isii n'etiti 2005 na 2011, esemokwu emetụtala mpaghara ugwu Nuba.[3] Amaghi ama ka Darfur, otu n'ihi na mpaghara di anya na ihe siri ike inweta ya,[4] esemokwu a bu agha kacha ogologo n'Afrika. &lt;ref name=&quot;Dickie (2014)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Dickie|first=John|title=Eyes of Nuba|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/witness/2014/01/eyes-nuba-201412214233201165.html|accessdate=27 February 2015|publisher=Al Jazeera Media Network|date=27 January 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Boswell (2013)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Boswell|first=Alan|title=Civil war still rages in Nuba Mountains, thwarting Sudan, South Sudan Peace|url=http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/01/07/179205/civil-war-still-rages-in-nuba.html|accessdate=27 February 2015|publisher=McClatchy Newspapers|date=January 7, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ya na di ya na ụmụ ya ise bi,[1] na Khartoum, ebe ọ bụbu onye nkuzi ụlọ akwụkwọ ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ọ bụ onye otu pati mmegide a chụpụrụ n'iwu, Sudan People's Liberation Movement-North, ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike na NGO maka ikike ụmụ nwanyị na Sudan..&lt;ref name=&quot;AWID&quot; /&gt;

== Mgbalị ==
Mgbe edere Nkwekọrịta Udo zuru oke na 2005 iji kwụsị esemokwu afọ 25 n'ala nna ya, Khamis laghachiri ileta obodo ya, &lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan (2012)&quot; /&gt; Katcha, na mpaghara Buram. &lt;ref name=&quot;AWID&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Sudan: Nuba Woman Activist Detained For 40 Days|url=http://www.awid.org/Library/Sudan-Nuba-Woman-Activist-Detained-for-40-days|publisher=Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID)|accessdate=27 February 2015|date=25 April 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114401/http://www.awid.org/Library/Sudan-Nuba-Woman-Activist-Detained-for-40-days|archivedate=2 April 2015}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot;&gt;. Association for Women's Rights in Development (AWID). 25 April 2012. Archived from  on 2 April 2015&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 February&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; N'inwe nchegbu n'ihi na ụmụaka nọ n'ógbè ahụ ga-aga ogologo oge gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ, ọ nwetara akwụkwọ ndị dị mkpa maka imeghe ụlọ akwụkwọ obodo. Khamis wee hazie onyinye maka iwu na ihe ndị ọzọ ma nwee ihe ịga nke ọma n'inweta ndị nkuzi site na Khartoum.&lt;ref name=&quot;Elsanosi (2013)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Elsanosi|first=Maha|title=Jalila Khamis: a beacon of inspiration|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/maha-elsanosi/jalila-khamis-beacon-of-inspiration|publisher=openDemocracy|accessdate=27 February 2015|date=10 February 2013|archivedate=24 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924150020/https://www.opendemocracy.net/maha-elsanosi/jalila-khamis-beacon-of-inspiration}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 2011, mgbe agha malitere ọzọ na Ugwu Nuba, ìgwè ụmụ nwanyị na ndị nkịtị ghọrọ ndị agha ahụ lekwasịrị anya. Ọtụtụ iri puku ndị gbara ọsọ ndụ gbapụrụ n'ógbè ahụ gaa Khartoum na [[South Sudan]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Gorani (2012)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Gorani|first=Amel|title=South Kordofan: activism, resilience and sacrifice|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/amel-gorani/south-kordofan-activism-resilience-and-sacrifice|publisher=Open Democracy|accessdate=27 February 2015|date=29 November 2012|archivedate=24 September 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180924145928/https://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/amel-gorani/south-kordofan-activism-resilience-and-sacrifice}}&lt;/ref&gt; Khamis tụgharịrị ụlọ ya na Khartoum ka ọ bụrụ ụlọ nchebe nwa oge maka ndị na-agba ọsọ na esemokwu ahụ &lt;ref name=&quot;Gorani (2012)&quot; /&gt; ma kpọọ uche na nsogbu ndị mmadụ kpatara site na ihe ọ kpọrọ 'atụmatụ agha a haziri ahazi iji mee ka ndị Nuba dị ọcha. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan (2012)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Hogan|first=Louise|title=History repeats itself in Sudan|url=http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/history-repeats-itself-in-sudan|publisher=Women's Media Center Women Under Siege|accessdate=27 February 2015|date=November 12, 2012}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHogan2012&quot;&gt;Hogan, Louise (November 12, 2012). [http://www.womenundersiegeproject.org/blog/entry/history-repeats-itself-in-sudan &quot;History repeats itself in Sudan&quot;]. Women's Media Center Women Under Siege&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 February&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ime arịrịọ maka udo na njedebe nke ọgụ, &lt;ref name=&quot;Gorani (2012)&quot; /&gt; vidiyo Khamis Koko na-akatọ mmeso onye isi ala Sudan Omar al-Bashir mesoro Ndị Nuba na YouTube ma mee ka e jide ya. &lt;ref name=&quot;Hogan (2012)&quot;/&gt; E boro ya ebubo ịgba ọchịchị mgba okpuru ma gbochie ya ịnweta ndị ọka iwu ya, mana òtù ụmụ nwanyị gbakọtara iji ruo mgbasa ozi mba ụwa site na mkpọsa blọọgụ, mbọ mgbasa ozi mmekọrịta, na ngagharị iwe nke GIRIFNA - Sudanese Non-Violent Resistance Movement haziri. E mere arịrịọ GIRIFNA maka ikpe ziri ezi n'ụlọ mkpọrọ ụmụ nwanyị nke Omdurman, ebe a na-ejide Khamis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haj-Omar (2014)&quot; /&gt; Na Jenụwarị, 2013, a tọhapụrụ ya ma ụlọ ikpe kwetara na &quot;enweghị ihe ndabere maka ebubo megide ya&quot;. A mara Khamis ikpe maka naanị ebubo nke &quot;ịgbasa akụkọ ụgha&quot; ma maa ya ikpe ịga mkpọrọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Al Noujomi (2013)&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|author=Al Noujomi|first=Maysoon|title=A non-violent victory in Sudan|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/01/24/a-non-violent-victory-in-sudan/|accessdate=27 February 2015|work=Foreign Policy New Magazine|date=January 24, 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Nketa ==
Akụkọ Kahmis mere ka akụkọ na mpaghara ahụ lekwasị anya na ime ihe ike megide ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-emepụta mgbasa ozi Egypt ''OnTV'' na-agba ọsọ akụkụ dum na nsogbu ndị mmadụ nke Sudan. Ndị na-eme ngagharị iwe na ndị isi otu ndị ntorobịa ghọtara mmetụta nke mkpọsa dijitalụ nwere ike inwe, n'agbanyeghị ịdọ aka ná ntị sitere n'aka ndị ọka iwu na nlebara anya mgbasa ozi ga-emebi ikpe ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Haj-Omar (2014)&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Haj-Omar|first=Dalia|title=Lessons from the Digital Campaign for Nuba Mountains Detainee Jalila Khamis|url=http://www.sawtna.net/learned-digital-campaign-nuba-mountains-detainee-jalila-khamis/|work=Sawtna.net|publisher=Sawtna|accessdate=27 February 2015|date=15 July 2014|archivedate=14 November 2018|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20181114224116/http://sawtna.net/learned-digital-campaign-nuba-mountains-detainee-jalila-khamis/}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;true&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFHaj-Omar2014&quot;&gt;Haj-Omar, Dalia (15 July 2014). . ''Sawtna.net''. Sawtna. Archived from [http://www.sawtna.net/learned-digital-campaign-nuba-mountains-detainee-jalila-khamis/ the original] on 14 November 2018&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;27 February&lt;/span&gt; 2015&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe odide ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Jean Comaroff</title>
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      <text bytes="5895" sha1="rh722bzhbz7xnqqg5afmiouoca2ox4n" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Jean Comaroff.jpg|thumb|Jean Comaroff]]
Jean Comaroff (amuru 22 Julaị 1946) bu Prọfesọ nke African na African American Studies na nke Anthropology, Oppenheimer Fellow in African Studies na Mahadum Harvard. Ọ bụ ọkachamara na mmetụta nke colonialism na ndị mmadụ na South Africa.[1] Ruo 2012, Jean bụ Bernard E. &amp; Ellen C. Sunny Distinguished Service Prọfesọ nke Anthropology na nke Social Sciences na Mahadum Chicago na Prọfesọ nsọpụrụ nke Anthropology na Mahadum Cape Town. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://publicculture.org/people/view/jean-comaroff|title=Jean Comaroff • Public Culture|work=Publicculture.org|accessdate=2015-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151107183528/http://publicculture.org/people/view/jean-comaroff|archivedate=2015-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Ọ natara B.A. ya na 1966 site na Mahadum Cape Town na Ph.D. ya na 1974 site na London School of Economics . Ọ bụ onye otu ngalaba Mahadum kemgbe afọ 1978.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://aaas.fas.harvard.edu/people/jean-comaroff|title=Jean Comaroff|work=aaas.fas.harvard.edu|accessdate=2016-09-28|archivedate=2022-04-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418221001/https://aaas.fas.harvard.edu/people/jean-comaroff}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Na mmekorita ya na di ya John Comaroff, yana n'onwe ya, Comaroff edeela ọtụtụ ihe gbasara ọchịchị ala ọzọ, na hegemony dabere na ọrụ ubi a rụrụ na ndịda Africa na Great Britain.

Comaroff na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye otu Editorial Collective nke akwụkwọ akụkọ Public Culture. Otu akwụkwọ dị mkpa ya na John Comaroff dere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya bụ Theory from the South, nke n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ na-ekpuchi &quot;otú Euro-America si agbanweela n'Africa&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iAbvCgAAQBAJ|title=Theory from the South: Or, How Euro-America is Evolving Toward Africa|author=Comaroff|first=Jean|date=2015-11-17|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781317250616|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Jean Comaroff mụrụ na Edinburgh, Scotland, obere oge ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ gasịrị. Nna ya, bụ dọkịta onye Juu South Africa, sonyeere British Army Medical Corps mgbe ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ na mba ofesi ka ọ bụrụ ọkachamara na obstetrics na gynecology. Nne ya bụ onye gbanwere n'okpukpe ndị Juu, nke a mụrụ n'ezinụlọ Lutheran German bụ ndị kwagara South Africa na njedebe narị afọ nke iri na itoolu. Nne na nna Dr. Comaroff laghachiri South Africa mgbe ọ dị ọnwa iri, biri na Port Elizabeth nke nwere nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Ọ bụ ezie na ezinụlọ ahụ kwadoro ọgba aghara ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị obodo, nna ya nọgidere na-enwe mmetụta dị ala n'ihi ọrụ ya na-elekọta ụlọ ọgwụ mpaghara. Nne ya na-arụ ọrụ obodo, gụnyere ebe a na-esi nri ofe na ụlọ akwụkwọ abalị, na iso ndị Juu meworo agadi na-arụkọ ọrụ.

Na ngwụcha afọ 1960, ya na di ya, onye na-amụ banyere ụmụ mmadụ bụ John Comaroff kwagara Great Britain iji nweta PhD na anthropology. Ma Jean na John Comaroff bụ ndị otu ngalaba na Mahadum Chicago n'etiti afọ 1979 na 2012. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/217640/2/Comaroff.htm|title=Jean and John Comaroff interviewed by Kalman Applbaum 15th November|work=Dspace.cam.ac.uk|accessdate=2015-12-29|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130701115111/https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/bitstream/1810/217640/2/Comaroff.htm|archivedate=2013-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara ==

* 1985: ''Ahụ nke Ike, Mmụọ nke Nnupụisi: Ọdịbendị na Akụkọ Ihe Mere Eme nke Ndị South Africa''
* 2007: &quot;N'elu ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke Bare Life: AIDS na Global Order&quot;. Ọdịbendị Ọha, 19 (1): 197-219.

== Ihe nrite ==

* Gordon Laing Prize, akwụkwọ kachasị mma site n'aka onye otu ngalaba nke Mahadum Chicago Press bipụtara [ya na John L. Comaroff]
* Harry J. Kalven, Jr. Ihe nrite maka ọganihu nke nyocha na iwu na ọha mmadụ.
* Ihe nrite ọla edo Anders Retzius sitere na Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography.
* Ihe nrite kacha mma, Council of Editors of Learned Journals maka &quot;Millennial Capitalism and the Culture of Neoliberalism. &quot; (Public Culture 12[2]).

== Akwụkwọ ndị e bipụtara (ya na John Comaroff) ==

* 1991 Of Revelation and Revolution Vol I: Christianity, Colonialism, and Consciousness in South Africa. Chicago: Mahadum nke Chicago Press.
* 1992 Ethnography na akụkọ ihe mere eme. Boulder: Westview Press.
* 1997 ''Of Revelation and Revolution Vol II: The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier.'' Chicago: Mahadum nke Chicago Press.
* 2000 &quot;Millennial Capitalism: First Thoughts on a Second Coming&quot;. Ọdịbendị Ọha, 12 (2): 291-343.
* 2006 Law and Disorder in the Postcolony (ed.) University of Chicago Press.
* 2006 &quot;:The Portraits of an Ethnographer as a Young Man: The Photography of Isaac Schapera in 'Old Botswana'.&quot; Anthropology Today. 22(1):10-17.
* 2007 Foto nke Colonial gara aga: Foto Africa nke Isaac Schapera.  (ed. w/ D.A. James) Mahadum nke Chicago Press.
* 2009 &quot;Ethnicity, Inc&quot;. Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning, University of Chicago Press (July 15, 2009) 
* 2009 Dixit: Ime ihe ike na iwu na postcolonia: echiche banyere nkwekọrịta Norte-Sur, Buenos Aires na Madrid, Katz Barpal Editores,   (Na co-editioning na Centro de Cultura Contemporánea de Barcelona)  
* 2011 &quot;Afọ iri abụọ mgbe Mkpughe na Mgbanwe: Ajụjụ ọnụ na Jean Comaroff&quot;, Social Sciences and Missions (Leiden: Brill), mpịakọta nke 24 (2-3), peeji nke 148-170&amp;nbsp;
* 2012 Theory from the South: Ma ọ bụ, Otu Euro-America si agbanweela n'ebe Afrịka nọ (The Radical Imagination). [Ndị na-ebipụta Paradigm].

== Edemsibia ==

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    <title>Jermaine Seoposenwe</title>
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Jermaine Seoposenwe (amụrụ 12 Ọktoba 1993) bụ onye egwuregwu bọọlụ South Africa nke na-agba n'ihu maka ọgbakọ Liga MX Femenil Monterrey Mexico na otu mba ụmụ nwanyị South Africa..

== Ọrụ klọb ==

=== Gintra Universitetas ===
Na 16 Eprel 2019, a mara ọkwa na Seoposenwe abanyela aka na nkwekọrịta ọkachamara mbụ ya na Gintra Universitetas na Lithuania, na-esonyere ha na-egwu na 2019-20 UEFA Women's Champions League season. Ọ sonyeere onye otu South Africa Nothando Vilakazi.. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ahmadu|first=Samuel|date=16 April 2023|title=South Africa's Seoposenwe &amp; Vilakazi join Lithuanian champions Gintra Universitetas|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/south-africas-jermaine-seoposenwe--nothando-vilakazi-join-lithuanian-champions-gintra-universitetas/zqr0q20hw9cn15g4jpnpxnncu|accessdate=7 August 2023|work=Goal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Seoposenwe mere egwuregwu abụọ na Champions League maka Gintra, ma e wezụga inyere aka imeri n'akụkụ 2019 A Lyga Women na Amber Cup.

=== Real Betis ===
Seoposenwe bịanyere aka na akụkụ Spanish Real Betis Balompie na 8 February 2020, na-eme mpụta mbụ ya na mmeri 2–1 meriri RC Espanyol na ngwụcha izu na-esote.

A ga-akpọ oge ahụ ka ọ kwụsị n'oge n'ihi Ọrịa COVID-19 zuru ụwa ọnụ ebe Seoposenwe pụtara ugboro atọ n'asọmpi niile.

=== SC Braga ===
Na 6 Julaị 2020, a mara ọkwa Seoposenwe dịka onye ọkpụkpọ ọhụrụ nke SC Braga.[1] O mere mmetụta ozugbo na klọb ahụ na mkpọsa mbụ ya, gbara akara ugboro abụọ na 13 Jenụwarị 2021 megide ndị na-emegide SL Benfica na ngwụcha nke Taça de Portugal na mmeri 3-1..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Seoposenwe's brace inspires Sporting Braga to first ever Portuguese Cup title {{!}} Goal.com|url=https://www.goal.com/en/news/seoposenwes-brace-inspires-sporting-braga-to-first-ever/1lwai0ldj2e5c1xsf3i3f8ifxv|accessdate=2022-05-24|work=www.goal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'oge nke abụọ ya na klọb ahụ, Seoposenwe gbara goolu asatọ ma nye aka asaa n'egwuregwu league iri na itoolu ka klọb bichara nke atọ na Campeonato Nacional. Na 23 Machị 2022, SC Braga meriri Taca da Liga na penalties megide SL Benfica na Seenweopos na-egwu nkeji 120 niile.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Braga conquista a Taça da Liga|url=https://www.jn.pt/desporto/braga-conquista-a-taca-da-liga--14709063.html|accessdate=2022-05-24|work=www.jn.pt|language=pt-PT}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== FC Juarez ===
Na 24 Ọgọstụ 2022, Seoposenwe bịanyere aka na Njikọ MX Femenil n'akụkụ FC Juarez na mbufe efu.[1] O kpughere n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ya na ndị otu French FC Girondins de Bordeaux ekwenyela na mbụ nkwekọrịta naanị maka mwepu nke otu ndị nwoke na klọb iji mee mgbanwe ntụzịaka..&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2022-11-16|title=Seoposenwe opens up on unexpected Mexico move {{!}} soccer|url=https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/seoposenwe-opens-up-on-unexpected-mexico-move|accessdate=2024-11-26|work=SABC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Naanị otu ọnwa mgbe ọ sonyere, o setịpụrụ ihe ndekọ ọhụrụ maka goolu kachasị ọsọ n'egwuregwu, na-agba goolu mgbe sekọnd itoolu gachara na mmeri 3-0 meriri Necaxa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Raophala|first=Mauwane|date=2022-09-27|title=Jermaine Seoposenwe sets new Mexican Liga MX Femenil record|url=https://farpost.co.za/2022/09/27/jermaine-seoposenwe-sets-new-mexican-liga-mx-femenil-record/|accessdate=2024-11-26|work=FARPost|language=en-ZA|archivedate=2024-12-01|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241201191718/https://farpost.co.za/2022/09/27/jermaine-seoposenwe-sets-new-mexican-liga-mx-femenil-record/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ozuzu ya, ọ gbara goolu asaa n'egwuregwu iri abụọ na anọ maka klọb ahụ, nyere Juarez aka iru egwuregwu league na nke mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme ha n'oge Clausura nke afọ 2023.

=== C.F. Monterrey ===
Mgbe nkwekọrịta Juarez ya gwụsịrị, Seoposenwe kwagara n'akụkụ Liga MX C.F. Monterrey.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-06-28|title=Money behind Banyana Banyana star Jermaine Seoposenwe’s latest transfer in Mexico {{!}} soccer|url=https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/money-behind-banyana-banyana-star-jermaine-seoposenwe-latest-transfer-in-mexico|accessdate=2024-11-26|work=SABC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'abalị iri abụọ na asatọ n'ọnwa Mee afọ 2024, ọ gbara bọọlụ na mmeri 2-1 n'elu Klọb America ka ndị otu ya bụ ndị mmeri Clausura nke afọ 2024.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2024-05-28|title=Jermaine Seoposenwe scores in the final to become a league champion in Mexico {{!}} soccer|url=https://www.sabcsport.com/soccer/news/jermaine-seoposenwe-scores-in-the-final-to-become-a-league-champion-in-mexico|accessdate=2024-11-26|work=SABC|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na isii n'ọnwa Nọvemba afọ 2024, o nyeere ndị otu ya aka inweta ihe nrite nke abụọ n'usoro na-emeri 2024 Apertura na penalty shoot-out megide ndị na-asọmpi Tigres UANL.

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
N'abalị iri na asatọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2015, Seoposenwe gbara goolu mmeri megide Equatorial Guinea nke mere ka South Africa ruo eru maka 2016 Summer Olympics na Rio de Janeiro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Equatorial Guinea 0-1 South Africa: Seoposenwe's strike sends Banyana to Rio 2016|url=https://www.goal.com/en-za/news/4670/sa-ladies-teams/2015/10/18/16434962/equatorial-guinea-0-1-south-africa-seoposenwes-strike-sends|accessdate=2022-05-24|work=Goal}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'asọmpi ahụ, ọ malitere egwuregwu atọ niile nke South Africa ka ha na-apụ na Group Stage.

Seoposenwe bụ onye isi egwuregwu maka South Africa na 2018 CAF Africa Women Cup of Nations na Banyana Banyana ruru na ngwụcha naanị ka ọ merie Naịjirịa na penalty shoot-out.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|title=Nigeria win 2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations|language=en-GB|work=BBC Sport|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/46414687|accessdate=2022-05-24}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nsonaazụ ahụ mere ka South Africa ruo eru maka 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup maka mpụta mbụ ha na asọmpi ahụ, na Seoposenwe akụkụ nke ndị egwuregwu 23 maka asọmpi ahụ na France. Na asọmpi ahụ, ọ pụtara na egwuregwu ya na China na Spain.

N'ụbọchị nke anọ n'ọnwa Julaị n'afọ 2022, Seoposenwe gbara goolu mbụ Banyana Banyana gbara na mmeri 2-1 ha meriri [[Naijiria|Naịjirịa]] na 2022 Africa Women Cup of Nations . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.news24.com/sport/soccer/bafanabafana/live-womens-afcon-banyana-banyana-v-nigeria-20220704|title=RECAP &amp;#124; Banyana Banyana kick-start Women's Afcon with victory over tournament favourites Nigeria}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
'''Ihe mgbaru ọsọ mba ụwa'''
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Mba.
!Ụbọchị
!Ebe a na-anọ
!Onye mmegide
!Ihe ruru
!Nsonaazụ
!Ịsọ mpi
|-
|{{center|1}}
|11 Machị 2013
|[[Tasos Markou]], Parallimni, Saịprọs
| Ebe Ugwu Ireland
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
|2013 Saịprọs Women's Cup
|-
|{{center|2}}
|6 Machị 2015
|Paralimni Stadium, Paralimni, Saịprọs
| Belgium
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015 Iko ụmụ nwanyị Saịprọs
|-
|{{center|3}}
|11 Machị 2015
|GSP Stadium, Nicosia, Saịprọs
| Finland
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–2
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–2
|-
|{{center|4}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |23 Mee 2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ogige egwuregwu Augustin Monédan nke Sibang, Libreville, [[Gabon]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Gabon
|{{center|'''1'''–1}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |3–2
| rowspan=&quot;5&quot; |2015 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
|-
|{{center|5}}
|{{center|'''2'''–1}}
|-
|{{center|6}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |31 Mee 2015
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Dobsonville Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa[[South Africa|Saụt Afrịka]]
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | Gabon
|{{center|'''1'''–0}}
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |5–0
|-
|{{center|7}}
|{{center|'''4'''–0}}
|-
|{{center|8}}
|18 Ọktoba 2015
|[[Equatorial Guinea]]&quot;&gt;Bata Stadium, Bata, Equatorial Guinea
| Equatorial Guinea
|{{center|'''1'''–0}}
|{{center|1–0}}
|-
|{{center|9}}
|28 Julaị 2016
|Estádio Luso Brasileiro, [[Rio de Janeiro]], [[Brazil]]
| New Zealand
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–3
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–4
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|{{center|10}}
|25 Nọvemba 2016
|[[Cameroon]]&quot; id=&quot;mw9w&quot; rel=&quot;mw:WikiLink&quot; title=&quot;Limbe, Cameroon&quot;&gt;Limbe Stadium, Limbe, Cameroon
| Ijipt
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |5–0
|2016 Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị
|-
|{{center|11}}
|6 June 2018
|Setsoto Stadium, Maseru, [[Lesotho]]
| Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| rowspan=&quot;4&quot; |2018 Women's Africa Cup of Nations qualification
|-
|{{center|12}}
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |10 June 2018
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Dr. Petrus Molemela Stadium, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; | Lesotho
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; |6–0
|-
|{{center|13}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |4–0
|-
|{{center|14}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; |6–0
|-
|{{center|15}}
|21 Nọvemba 2018
|Cape Coast Sports Stadium, Cape Coast, [[Ghana]]
| Equatorial Guinea
|{{center|'''7'''–1}}
|{{center|7–1}}
|2018 Africa Women's Cup of Nations
|-
|{{center|16}}
|4 Julaị 2022
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ogige Moulay Hassan, Rabat, [[Morocco]]
| Naịjirịa
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |2–1
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2022 Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị
|-
|{{center|17}}
|14 Julaị 2022
| Tunisia
|{{center|'''1'''–0}}
|{{center|1–0}}
|-
|{{center|18}}
|18 Febụwarị 2023
|Gold City Sports Complex, Alanya, [[Turkéy|Turkey]]
| Uzbekistan
|{{center|'''1'''–0}}
|{{center|3–0}}
|Iko ụmụ nwanyị nke Turkey nke 2023
|-
|{{center|19}}
|10 Eprel 2023
|Ebe Egwuregwu FA nke [[Serbia]], Stara Pazova, Serbia
| Serbia
|{{center|'''2'''–3}}
|{{center|2–3}}
|Ndị nwere omume enyi
|-
|{{center|20}}
|23 Febụwarị 2024
|Chamazi Stadium, Dar es Salaam, [[Tanzania]]
| Tanzania
| align=&quot;center&quot; |1–0
| align=&quot;center&quot; |3–0
|2024 CAF Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament
|-
|}
'''Gintra Universitetas'''

* Lyga: 2019

'''SC Braga'''

* Taca nke Portugal: 2019-20
* Taca da Liga: 2021-22

'''Monterrey'''

* Liga MX Femenil: 2024 Clausura, 2024 AperturaMmeghe nke 2024

'''Saụt Afrịka'''

* Iko Mba Afrịka nke ụmụ nwanyị: 2022, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=29 June 2023|title=Magaia brace hands South Africa first TotalEnergies WAFCON trophy|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/magaia-brace-hands-south-africa-first-wafcon-trophy/|accessdate=6 August 2023|work=CAF|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt; onye nke abụọ: 2018

* Women's Africa Cup of Nations Team nke asọmpi ahụ: 2022&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=26 July 2022|title=CAF announces TotalEnergies Women's AFCON 2022 Best XI|url=https://www.cafonline.com/caf-womens-africa-cup-of-nations/news/caf-announces-totalenergies-women-s-afcon-2022-best-xi/|accessdate=7 August 2023|work=CAF|language=}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* IFFHS CAF Women's Team of The Year: 2022&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=31 January 2023|title=IFFHS Women's CAF Team 2022|url=https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2490|accessdate=7 August 2023|work=The International Federation of Football History &amp; Statistics (IFFHS)|archivedate=19 March 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230319191838/https://www.iffhs.com/posts/2490}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]
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Jospong Group of Companies, nke a na-akpọkarị Jospong Association, bụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere onwe ya na Ghana.  Joseph Siaw Agyepong, onye ọchụnta ego Ghana, bụ onye ahụ otu ahụ ma onye nwere òkè na ụlọ ọrụ ọ bred dị na otu ahụ.  Ọ na-eje ozi dị ka Onye isi oche nke otu ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2023/02/13/economy-jospong-group/|title=OutstandingBrands23: Jospong Group of Companies—innovative businesses that provide quality and value|work=[[Business and Financial Times]] (TBFT)|date=13 February 2023|author=TBFT|accessdate=12 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[GhanaWeb]]|date=2024|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Joseph-Siaw-Agyapong-2635|title=Joseph Siaw Agyapong|accessdate=12 March 2024|author=GhanaWeb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchịkọta ==
Ka ọ na-erule March 2025, Jospong Group bụ &quot;ụlọ ọrụ na-ejide ihe dị iche iche&quot;, nke nwere ụlọ ọrụ enyemaka na-arụsi ọrụ ike n'[[Afrịka]] na [[Asia|Eshia]]. Otu ahụ nwere mmasị na ọ dịkarịa ala ngalaba akụ na ụba 14 na ọtụtụ ọrụ na njikwa ihe mkpofu.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

Site na ụlọ ọrụ ezinụlọ 60, a na-achịkọta ụlọ ọrụ ndị otu ahụ n'ime nri ise.  Ọ bụ Apex Board na-achịkwa azụmahịa nke otu ahụ.  onye isi ọrụ (COO) na-elekọta nke ọ llalla n'ime ike ise ahụ, yana Apex COO na-elekọta ise ahụ..&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

== Akụkọ ihe mere eme ==
Ìgwè ahụ ahụ dị ka ụlọ obibi akwụkwọ n'ihe dị ka afọ 1995, dị ka isisịn Ghana si kwuo.[1]  Zoomlion Ghana Limited, nke lekwasịrị anya na ọrụ ihe mkpofu, bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ onye mbụ ga-esobe.  Ìgwè ahụ gara n'ihu na-agbasawanye ma ka ọ na-erule Machị 2024 ọ nwere ihe ụlọ ụlọ ọrụ 60 dị iche iche.  Azụmaahịa nke otu ahụ njikwa ihe mkpofu, iwu ụlọ, ụlọ, nhazi, ego, na ima n'etiti ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;3R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Ghanaremembers.com|url=https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/business/a-visionary-journey-the-story-of-jospong-group-of-companies.html|title=A Visionary Journey: The story of Jospong Group of Companies|date=12 March 2024|accessdate=12 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ìgwè Jospong ==
N'ụzọ nchịkwa, a na-achịkọta azụmaahịa nke otu ahụ n'ime ụyọkọ ise ndị a: &lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

; Gburugburu Ebe Obibi na Ịsa Ahụ Ike

Jospong Group bụ onye na-etinye ego na OmniBSIC Bank, Millenium Insurance, Cosmopolitan Insurance, Union Capital na ụlọ ọrụ abụọ ọzọ na-ahụ maka ọrụ ego.&lt;ref name=&quot;1R&quot;/&gt;

== Ọganihu ==

=== Nchịkwa ihe mkpofu ===
Na Febụwarị 2024, ndị Lagos Steeti bịanyere aka na ike (MOU) na Jospong Group maka nke ikpeazụ iji jikwaa mkpofu siri ike na mmiri na steeti ahụ.  Lagos State, nke nwere ihe dị ka nde mmadụ 17.6 bi na ya na-ahụ ihe dịka 13,000 nke ihe mkpofu siri ike na mmiri kwa ụbọchị dị ka ndị nlekọta ihe mkpofu Lagos (Lawma) si kwuo.&lt;ref name=&quot;6R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Afrik21.afrik|url=https://www.afrik21.africa/en/nigeria-ghanaian-jospong-wins-waste-management-contract-in-lagos/|title=Nigeria: Ghanaian Jospong wins waste management contract in Lagos|date=28 February 2024|author=Inès Magoum|accessdate=12 March 2024|archivedate=14 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240314104346/https://www.afrik21.africa/en/nigeria-ghanaian-jospong-wins-waste-management-contract-in-lagos/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;7R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ghanaiantimes.com.gh/jospong-breaks-into-africa-signs-landmark-deal-to-build-waste-management-plants-in-lagos-state-nigeria/|title=Jospong breaks into Africa …signs landmark deal to build waste management plants in Lagos state, Nigeria|work=Ghana Times|date=27 February 2024|author=Malik Sulemana}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'ụdị n'afọ Ọktoba n'afọ 2024, Kabuye Kyofatogabye, onye minista steeti Ugandan maka ikike isi obodo (KCCA), nyere Joseph Agyempong, onye isi oche nke Jospong Group, ala Kiteezi n'ụzọ ihe atụ ka otu ahụ wee ụlọ ọrụ na-ihe na fatịlaịza na ọrụ ahụ.   A na-atụ anya na ọrụ ahụ ga-amalite na Machị 2025.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|work=[[New Vision]]|url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/category/news/govt-partners-with-ghanaian-investor-to-trans-NV_197375|title=Government Partners With Ghanaian Investor To Transform Kiteezi Landfill|date=8 October 2024|author=Simon Peter Tumwine|accessdate=11 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/ghanaian-investor-takes-over-kiteezi-rubbish--4790268|title=Ghanaian Investor Takes Over Kiteezi Rubbish|work=[[Daily Monitor]]|date=10 October 2024|author=Priscilla Maloba|accessdate=11 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Nhazi ụgbọala ===
Na Machị 2024, Jospong Group bịanyere aka na mmetụta ya na VinFast, onye na-ahụ ụgbọ eletrik na Vietnam, na-enye Jospong dị ka onye na-ekesa ndị ahụ na Ghana na West Africa.. &lt;ref name=&quot;8R&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Pulse Ghana|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/business/jospong-group-and-vinfast-partner-to-spark-electric-vehicle-revolution-in-west-africa/gsycq93|title=Jospong Group and VinFast partner to spark electric vehicle revolution in West Africa|date=19 March 2024|author=Effah Evans|accessdate=31 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;JosvinR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=18 March 2024|url=https://technode.global/2024/03/18/vietnams-vinfast-expands-to-african-market-via-partnership-with-ghanas-jospong/|title=Vietnam's VinFast Expands To African Market Via Partnership With Ghana's Jospong|work=Technode Global|accessdate=20 May 2024|author=TNGlobal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe Omume Nlekọta Jospong ==
Ìgwè ahụ, ya na Mahadum Harvard na-eduzi mmemme oge ntoputa a na-akpọ &quot;Jospong Internship Program&quot;, nke na-ewe izu site na-eme June ruo agụ August.  Usoro ahụ ahụ meghere maka ụmụ akwụkwọ Harvard na afọ 3 (Juniors) ma ọ bụ afọ 4 (Seniors)). &lt;ref name=&quot;InteR&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://africa.harvard.edu/undergraduate-students-jospong-internship-program|title=Jospong Internship Program|date=12 March 2024|work=[[Harvard University]]|accessdate=12 March 2024|archivedate=12 March 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312141401/https://africa.harvard.edu/undergraduate-students-jospong-internship-program}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==
 

* Ndepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ na Africa

== Ihe odide ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* [https://jospongroup.com/ Ebe obibi nke Jospong Group]
* [https://thebftonline.com/2023/10/04/jospong-group-launches-customer-service-month/ Jospong Group na-amalite ọnwa Ọrụ Ndị Ahịa]</text>
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{{Infobox person|website=&lt;!--{{url|}} --&gt;|image=[[File:Juliet Bawuah Ghanaian Journalist (sq cropped).jpg|thumb|Juliet Bawuah]]}}

'''Juliet Bawuah''' bụ onye nta akụkọ egwuregwu Onye Ghana nke dere maka ụlọ ọrụ mgbasa ozi kachasị elu. Ọ gbara onye isi oche FIFA, Gianni Infantino ajụjụ ọnụ yana onye bụbu onye egwuregwu ụwa nke afọ na onye bụbu Onye isi ala [[Liberia]] George Weah. A maara ya nke ọma n'ihi ajụjụ ọnụ ya na Gianni Infantino, n'akụkụ nke nzukọ FIFA na mba North-Western Africa, [[Mauritania]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/ece-frontpage/international-womens-day-2018-50fromghana-a-celebration-of-50-awesome-ghanaian-women/7jxf2yl|title=#50FromGhana: A celebration of 50 awesome Ghanaian women and their excellence|date=8 March 2018|work=pulse.com.gh|accessdate=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/meet-juliet-bawuah-ghanas-admirable-sports-journalist/|title=Meet Juliet Bawuah, Ghana's Admirable Sports Journalist – News Ghana|work=News Ghana|date=14 August 2014|accessdate=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://dailyguidenetwork.com/juliet-bawuah-grateful-interviewing-fifa-president/|title=Juliet Bawuah Grateful For Interviewing FIFA President|date=21 February 2018|work=DailyGuide Network|accessdate=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Ghanaian-Sports-Journalist-Juliet-Bawuah-interviews-FIFA-President-Gianni-Infantino-627769?video=1|title=Ghanaian Sports Journalist Juliet Bawuah interviews FIFA President Gianni Infantino|work=ghanaweb.com|accessdate=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/02/sports-journalist-juliet-bawuah-interviews-fifa-president-gianni-infantino/|title=Sports Journalist Juliet Bawuah interviews FIFA President Gianni Infantino {{!}} Starr Fm|author=Starrfmonline|date=19 February 2018|accessdate=2 October 2019|archivedate=21 January 2025|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250121222119/https://starrfm.com.gh/2018/02/sports-journalist-juliet-bawuah-interviews-fifa-president-gianni-infantino/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O guzobekwara Africa Women's Sports Summit, mmemme nke na-ejikọta aha egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị na-eduga n'Africa na ndị na-achọ.  &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://starrfm.com.gh/2019/04/juliet-bawuah-supersports-tshabalala-others-for-africa-womens-sports-summit/|title=Juliet Bawuah, SuperSport's Tshabalala Others for Africa Women's Sports Summit {{!}} Starr Fm|author=Starrfmonline|date=29 April 2019|accessdate=2 October 2019|archivedate=16 April 2023|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416182201/https://starrfm.com.gh/2019/04/juliet-bawuah-supersports-tshabalala-others-for-africa-womens-sports-summit/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmụta ==
Mgbe ọ gụchara akwụkwọ sekọndrị na Mawuko Girls Senior High School, Bawuah gụchara akwụkwọ na Ghana Institute of Journalism na nzere bachelọ nke Arts na Journalism and Public Relations. O jikwa diplọma n'ihe ọmụmụ nzikọrịta ozi na kọleji mahadum Afrịka nke nkwukọrịta. Ọ bụ onye gụsịrị akwụkwọ na Redio Netherlands Training Center na Netherlands. [1] Na 2018, o nwetara nzere Master na International Public Relations na Global Communications na Mahadum Cardiff.[2] [3]

== Ọrụ ==
Tupu ịbanye na TV3 na Julaị 2013, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka Goal.com, CITI FM, Akwụkwọ akụkọ Globe, Cafonline.com, Metro TV, na ETV.[1] Tupu ọ gaa n'ihu na ọmụmụ ya na Mahadum Cardiff, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka ụlọ ọrụ nwanne nwanyị Euronews na Congo dị ka onye na-edekọ akụkọ maka Football Planet ma kpuchie 2017 AFCON.[2] [3] [4] Ọ pụtakwara na BBC wee nye aka na mgbasa ozi Turkey TRT. [5]

Ọ bụ onye guzobere Africa Women's Sports Summit, nke mbụ a kwadoro na 15 Mee 2019 na Accra. Nzukọ Egwuregwu Ụmụ nwanyị nke Africa bụ nnọkọ nke aha egwuregwu ụmụ nwanyị na-eduga n'Africa na ndị na-achọ. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.africanews.com/2019/05/14/take-your-place-ghana-hosts-historic-african-womens-sports-summit/|title='Take Your Place': Ghana hosts historic African Womens Sports Summit|author=AfricaNews|date=14 May 2019|work=Africanews|accessdate=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://citinewsroom.com/2019/04/ghana-to-host-maiden-edition-of-africa-womens-sports-summit-2/|title=Ghana to host maiden edition of Africa women's sports summit|date=16 April 2019|work=Citinewsroom – Comprehensive News in Ghana|accessdate=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thisisafrica.me/arts-and-culture/ghana-hosts-first-ever-africa-womens-sports-summit/|title=Ghana hosts first ever Africa Women's Sports Summit|author=Kiunguyu|first=Kylie|date=21 May 2019|work=This is africa|accessdate=2 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://enewsgh.com/2019/05/15/awsportssummit-the-african-woman-must-drive-conversation-bawuah/|title=#AWSportsSummit: The African woman must drive conversation – Bawuah|work=Proudly Ghanaian! {{!}} Enews|accessdate=2 October 2019|archivedate=26 January 2022|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126141051/http://enewsgh.com/2019/05/15/awsportssummit-the-african-woman-must-drive-conversation-bawuah/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A họpụtara ya dị ka onye otu Women's Premier League Super Cup's Local Organizing Committee (LOC). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Barbara Ayisi chairs Women's Super Cup LOC - MyJoyOnline.com|url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/barbara-ayisi-chairs-womens-super-cup-loc/|accessdate=2021-03-30|work=www.myjoyonline.com|date=29 March 2021|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ebere ==
Bawuah bụ onye nnọchi anya UNAIDS&quot; 'Nchebe Ihe mgbaru ọsọ'. Ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị Ghana a ma ama na-ekwe nkwa itinye aka na mkpọsa ahụ, nke bụ atụmatụ dị n'etiti UNAIDS na FIFA, iji kwado mgbochi nke Nje HIV site na egwuregwu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/sports/taking-sports-journalism-by-storm-the-rise-of-juliet-bawuah/|title=Taking sports journalism by storm: The rise of Juliet Bawuah {{!}} Business &amp; Financial Times Online|author=Tetteh|first=Kennedy|date=4 March 2018|accessdate=2 October 2019|archivedate=23 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190923131804/https://thebftonline.com/2018/sports/taking-sports-journalism-by-storm-the-rise-of-juliet-bawuah/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe ndị ọ rụzuru na ihe nrite ==
Na 2015, a họpụtara ya maka ihe nrite Sport Media Pearl Awards. N'afọ 2017, a kpọrọ ya aha dị ka otu n'ime ndị na-atụ vootu maka ihe nrite bọọlụ Afrịka nke afọ site na Confederation of African Football. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ bụ akụkụ nke ntụli aka maka BBC African Footballer of Year, otu n'ime ihe nrite kachasị ama n'ụwa. Ọ sokwa na ndị nta akụkọ Afrịka iri anọ na itoolu ndị ọzọ a ga-edepụta aha maka nturu ugo nturu ugo nturuugo n'Africa Football Shop Player nke afọ. [1] Ọ meriri ihe nrite 2021 African Women in Sport na GSport Awards. [2] Na 26th Ghana Journalists Awards, Juliet kpọrọ ya onye ọkpụkpọ ntorobịa nke afọ. [3]

== Edensibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
      <sha1>hossl9lvgniem5ygea3f5aajlch5lrm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Params</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>64027</id>
    <revision>
      <id>689578</id>
      <parentid>688265</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-23T13:35:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>27039</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/mediawikiwiki/Q122696746|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]]</comment>
      <origin>689578</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="88036" sha1="s0wwht3ty2l3u443tnfm9mh3z5pmpgj" xml:space="preserve">require[[strict]]


	---                                        ---
	---     PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT                ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Abstract utilities ]]--
	----------------------------


-- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers)
local function zero_padded (str)
	return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str)
end


-- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting)
local function natural_sort (var1, var2)
	return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) &lt; var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded)
end


-- Return a copy or a reference to a table
local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly)
	if refonly then return src end
	local newtab = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end
	return newtab
end


-- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest`
local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len)
	local idx = 1
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1
		if idx &gt; len then break end
	end
	return dest
end


-- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left
local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len)
	local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt;= idx then
			if key &gt; tmp then cache[key - len] = val end
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = 1 - idx
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = idx - 1
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys
local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn)
	local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nn = nn + 1
			nums[nn] = key
		else
			nw = nw + 1
			words[nw] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	table.sort(words, sort_fn)
	return nums, words, nn, nw
end


-- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number
local function get_parameter_name (par_str)
	local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end
	return tonumber(ret)
end


-- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and
-- always parsing numeric strings as numbers
local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey)
	local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey)
	if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end
end


	--[[ Public strings ]]--
	------------------------


-- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local mkeywords = {
	['or'] = 0,
	pattern = 1,
	plain = 2,
	strict = 3
}


-- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local sortfunctions = {
	alphabetically = false,
	naturally = natural_sort
}


-- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers
-- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
--[[

Meanings of the columns:

  col[1] = Loop type (0-3)
  col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3)
  col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback
  col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name
  col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value
  col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]`
  col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]`

A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`)

]]--
local mapping_styles = {
	names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 },
	values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 },
	values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 },
	names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 },
	names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 },
	names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 },
	values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 },
	blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
}


-- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local memoryslots = {
	h = 'header',
	f = 'footer',
	i = 'itersep',
	l = 'lastsep',
	n = 'ifngiven',
	p = 'pairsep',
	s = 'oxfordsep'
}


-- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier
local trim_parse_opts = {
	trim_none = { false, false },
	trim_positional = { false, true },
	trim_named = { true, false },
	trim_all = { true, true }
}


-- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local isep_parse_opts = {
	splitter_pattern = false,
	splitter_string = true
}


-- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local psep_parse_opts = {
	setter_pattern = false,
	setter_string = true
}


-- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier
local position_references = {
	add_nothing = 0,
	add_smallest_number = 1,
	add_last_of_sequence = 2,
	add_largest_number = 3
}


-- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier
local a_modes = {
	transfer = 0,
	clone = 1,
	rename = 2,
	copy = 3,
	sacrifice = 4,
	provide = 5,
	spare = 7
}


-- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`,
-- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue`
-- `without_sorting`


	--[[ Private constants ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`)
local modulename = 'Module:Params'


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args`
-- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also
-- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available
local refpipe = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	--coins = true,
	count = true,
	evaluating = true,
	for_each = true,
	list = true,
	list_values = true,
	list_maybe_with_names = true,
	value_of = true
}


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the
-- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if 
-- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own
-- (modified) copy available
local refparams = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	combining = true,
	combining_by_calling = true,
	combining_values = true,
	concat_and_call = true,
	concat_and_invoke = true,
	concat_and_magic = true,
	count = true,
	grouping_by_calling = true,
	mixing_names_and_values = true,
	keeping_at_most = true,
	renaming_by_mixing = true,
	renaming_to_sequence = true,
	renaming_to_uppercase = true,
	renaming_to_lowercase = true,
	--renaming_to_values = true,
	shifting = true,
	splicing = true,
	--swapping_names_and_values = true,
	value_of = true,
	with_name_matching = true
}


-- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we
-- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its
-- optimal value at Module talk:Params)
local maxfill = 1024


-- The private table of functions
local library = {}


-- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position
local static_iface = {}


	--[[ Private functions ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Create a new context
local function context_new (child_frame)
	local main_frame = child_frame:getParent()
	return {
		frame = main_frame,
		opipe = child_frame.args,
		oparams = main_frame.args,
		firstposonly = static_iface,
		iterfunc = pairs,
		sorttype = 0,
		n_parents = 0,
		n_children = 0,
		n_available = maxfill
	}
end


-- Move to the next action within the user-given list
local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward)
	local nextfn
	if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then
		nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	if nextfn == nil then error(modulename ..
		': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
	if library[nextfn] == nil then
		if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0)
		else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn ..
			'’ directive can only appear in first position', 0)
		end
	end
	remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward)
	return library[nextfn]
end


-- Main loop
local function main_loop (ctx, start_with)
	local fn = start_with
	repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn
	if ctx.n_parents &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end
	if ctx.n_children &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end
end


-- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table
local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, start_from)
	local cmd
	if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end
	cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/')
		:match'^/*(.*[^/])'
	if cmd == nil then return start_from end
	local vname, chr
	local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1
	for idx = 1, #cmd do
		chr = cmd:byte(idx)
		if chr == sep then
			for key, val in ipairs(amap) do
				dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil
			end
			argc = argc + 1
		else
			vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)]
			if vname == nil then error(modulename ..
				', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' ..
				string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end
			table.insert(amap, vname)
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end
	return argc
end


-- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children`
local function new_substack (ctx)
	local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {}
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
	return newparams
end


-- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or
-- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil`
local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg)
	if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	local trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, trarg end
	local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg]
	if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end
	return tmp or nil, 2, true, trarg
end


-- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|
-- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]`
local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params)
	local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2
	local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {}
	while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do
		tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = nil, src[pin + 2], pin + 3
--[[
		elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2
]]--
		elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 2])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])], pin =
				tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3
		else break end
	end
	local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil)
	for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end
	if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end
	tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin])
	if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then
		if tmp1 &lt; 0 then tmp1 = -1 end
		tmp2 = append_after - pin
		for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end
		pin = pin + tmp1 + 1
	end
	if tnamed ~= nil then
		for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return tbl, pin, tnew, mem
end


-- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*`
-- class of modifiers
local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style, params)
	local style, shf
	local tmp = src[n_skip + 1]
	if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1
	else shf = n_skip end
	local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5]
	tmp = style[6]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			karg = tonumber(karg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[7]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			varg = tonumber(varg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg)
		end
	end
	local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf,
		n_exist, params)
	tmp = style[1]
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 2 end
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 1 end
	return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem
end


-- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of
-- modifiers
local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami)
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end
	local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3
	if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end
	local flg = opts[argc]
	if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end
	return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax &lt; 1) or
		(flg == 3 and ptn == repl)
end


-- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers
local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami)
	local keyw
	local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1
	for _, val in ipairs(opts) do
		if state == 0 then
			nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1
			ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false }
		else
			keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or (
				state &gt; 0 and mkeywords[keyw] &gt; 0
			) then break
			else
				state = mkeywords[keyw]
				if state &gt; 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end
				if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end
			end
		end
		cnt = cnt + 1
	end
	if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami ..
		'’: No pattern was given', 0) end
	return ptns, nptns, cnt
end


-- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and
-- `evaluating` modifiers
local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp)
	local tmp
	local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain =
		{ true, true, true }, 3, start_from, true, false, true, true
	repeat
		noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc]
		if tmp == nil then break end
		tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp]
			trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil
		elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		else break end
		argc = argc + 1
	until noptslots &lt; 1
	return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc
end


-- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table
local value_maps = {
	[0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end
	end,
	[1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end
}


-- Private table for `map_names()`
local name_thieves = {
	[0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end
}


-- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table
local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn)
	local cache = {}
	name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric
-- suffixes in its keys
local function make_groups (src)
	-- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable!
	local prefix, gid
	local groups = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		-- `key` must only be a string or a number...
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$'
			gid = tonumber(gid) or ''
		else
			prefix, gid = '', key
		end
		if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end
		if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			prefix = tonumber(prefix)
			if prefix &lt; 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end
		end
		groups[gid][prefix] = val
	end
	return groups
end


-- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and
-- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length
local function parse_placeholder_string (target)
	local idx, s_pos, skel, canvas = 1, 1, {}, {}
	local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false)
	while e_pos ~= nil do
		canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1)
		skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@'
		idx = idx + 2
		s_pos = e_pos + 2
		e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false)
	end
	if (s_pos &gt; target:len()) then idx = idx - 1
	else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end
	return skel, canvas, idx
end


-- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`,
-- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`)
local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru)
	local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2
	local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1
	if isp == nil or isp == '' then
		if psp == nil or psp == '' then
			if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else tbl[idx] = str end
			return idx
		end
		spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else val = str end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = str:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
		return idx
	end
	if psp == nil or psp == '' then
		repeat
			pos1 = pos3 + 1
			pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
			val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1
		until pos2 == nil
		return idx
	end
	repeat
		pos1 = pos3 + 1
		pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
		val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
		spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = val:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
	until pos2 == nil
	return idx
end


-- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering`
local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len == 0 then
		local stack = new_substack(ctx)
		for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end
		return len == nil and 1 or 2
	end
	if len &lt; 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len)
	return 2
end


-- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values`
local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	local stack = ctx.children[currsnap]
	for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do
		if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end
	end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
end


-- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values`
local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function
	-- MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local argc
	local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {}
	local sortfn, varsarg0, do_sort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[2])
	if varsarg0 == 2 then tmp = opts[3] and opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then
		varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
		set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami)
	else
		if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 end
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
	end
	if argc &lt; varsarg0 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end
	if next(tbl) == nil then
		if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params =
			{ [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven }
		elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end
		return argc
	end
	local cache, len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end
		len = len + tmp
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = key
		end
	end
	local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or ''
	for idx = 1, len do
		tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps
		pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs)
		nss = nss + 2
	end
	tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep
	if tmp ~= nil and nss &gt; 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp
	elseif nss &gt; 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then
		pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep
	end
	pmap[1] = vars.header or ''
	if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end
	ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) }
	return argc
end


-- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric
-- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options
-- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters
local function concat_params (ctx)
	local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		-- We need only the sequence
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end
	else
		if ctx.subset == -1 then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				retval[key + nmax] = val
			else retval[key] = val end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end
	return retval
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this
-- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function flush_params (ctx, fn)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
			for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
			return
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset ~= -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value
-- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_oth)
		return
	end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		local sequence = {}
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do
			if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]])
			else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		end
		if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
		fn_seq(key, val)
		tbl[key] = nil
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
end


-- Finalize and return a concatenated list
local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize)
	if len &gt; 0 then
		local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep
		if tmp ~= nil and len &gt; modsize * 2 then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp
		elseif len &gt; modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep
		end
		lst[1] = ctx.header or ''
		if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end
		ctx.text = table.concat(lst)
	else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
end


	---                                        ---
	---     PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT                 ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Modifiers ]]--
	-------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to
library.sequential = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to
library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to
library.all_sorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to
library.reassorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 2
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to
library.setting = function (ctx)
	local argc = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1)
	if argc &lt; 2 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to
library.scoring = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local tmp
	local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe
	for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == 'in_substack' then
		new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
		return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
	end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
	return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'here' and 3 or 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to
library.squeezing = function (ctx)
	local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			newlen = newlen + 1
			indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil
		end
	end
	table.sort(indices)
	for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to
library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx)
	local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums =
		ctx.pipe[1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1
	if newval == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmax == nil then
				if key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
				nmax = key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
			tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1
		end
	end
	if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin &gt; nnums then
		ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax
		if ctx.n_available &lt; 0 then error(modulename ..
			', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' ..
			tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end
		for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = newval end
		for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to
library.clearing = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to
library.cutting = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local len = #tbl
	if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
	if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
	local tot = lcut + rcut
	if tot &gt; 0 then
		local cache = {}
		if tot &gt;= len then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
			tot = len
		else
			for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				if key &gt; len then cache[key - tot] = val
				else cache[key - lcut] = val end
				tbl[key] = nil
			end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to
library.cropping = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local nmin, nmax
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	if nmin ~= nil then
		local len = nmax - nmin + 1
		if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
		if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
		if lcut + rcut - len &gt; -1 then
			for key in pairs(tbl) do
				if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end
			end
		elseif lcut + rcut &gt; 0 then
			for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1
			if lshift &gt; 0 then
				for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do
					tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] =
						tbl[idx], nil
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.purging = function (ctx)
	local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &lt; 1 then
		len = len + table.maxn(tbl)
		if idx &gt; len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = len - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.backpurging = function (ctx)
	local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local idx
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &gt; 0 then
		idx = last - len + 1
	else
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or
				key &lt; idx) then idx = key end
		end
		if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		idx = idx - len
		if last &lt; idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = last - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to
library.shifting = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then
		error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end
	local tbl = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val
		else tbl[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to
library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local shift = #tbl + 1
	if shift &lt; 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local nmax, nmin
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nsize = nsize + 1
			cache[nsize] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(cache)
	for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do
		tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ]
		tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ]
		tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to
library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx)
	local sortfn
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then
		sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$']
	end
	if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn)
	else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil`
	if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment|
--            [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to
library.splicing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp2, argc, pos, refp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp1 = opts[1]
	if tmp1 ~= nil then
		tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1)
		if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then
			pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4,
				tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if tmp2 ~= nil then
				refp = position_references[tmp2]
				if refp == nil then error(modulename ..
					', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) ..
					'’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end
			else refp = 0 end
		else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end
	else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end
	if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end
	if refp == 2 then
		for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end
		refp = 0
	end
	tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil
	if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' then
				if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key
				elseif key &lt; tmp1 then tmp1 = key
				elseif key &gt; tmp2 then tmp2 = key end
			end
		end
	end
	if tmp2 == nil then len = 0
	elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2
	elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end
	if len &gt; 0 and pos + len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len)
	elseif len &lt; 0 and pos - len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len)
	else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end
	ctx.params = tbl
	tmp1 = tonumber(opts[argc])
	if len == 0 and (tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 1) then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to add cannot be zero', 0) end
	if tmp1 == nil or tmp1 &lt; 0 or math.floor(tmp1) ~= tmp1 then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	tmp2 = argc - pos + 1
	for key = pos, pos + tmp1 - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + tmp1 + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to
library.imposing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2]
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to
library.providing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end
	local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])
	if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to
library.reassigning = function (ctx)
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end
	local mode, argc
	local src = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local val = tbl[src]
	if opts[3] ~= nil then mode = a_modes[opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if mode == nil then mode, argc = 0, 3 else argc = 4 end
	if val == nil and mode &gt; 1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local dest = get_parameter_name(opts[2])
	local tmp = tbl[dest] == nil
	if mode % 2 == 0 or (mode == 7 and tmp) then tbl[src] = nil end
	if tmp or mode &lt; 4 then tbl[dest] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to
library.discarding = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil then
		ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end
	if len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end
	for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to
library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to
library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_name_matching = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, ptn
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_matching')
	local tbl, newparams = ctx.params, {}
	for idx = 1, nptns do
		ptn = targets[idx]
		if ptn[3] then
			tmp = ptn[1]
			if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
				tmp = tonumber(tmp)
			end
			newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp]
		else
			for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
				if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
					newparams[key] = val
				end
			end
		end
	end
	ctx.params = newparams
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_not_matching')
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then
		local tmp = targets[1][1]
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil
		else tbl[tmp] = nil end
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local yesmatch, ptn
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_value_matching = function (ctx)
	local nomatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		nomatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val == ptn[1] then
					nomatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				nomatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local yesmatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_not_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to
library.trimming_values = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = margs }
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local tbl, mix = ctx.params, ctx.pipe[1]
	if mix == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to
library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache, len
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1])
	if do_sort then
		local words, wl
		cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end
		for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for _, val in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = rargs }
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of
--            additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument
--            N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn)
		local val = tbl[ptn]
		if val ~= nil then
			tbl[ptn], tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = nil, val
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		local cache = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache,
				tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax))
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache = {}
	if mix == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	else
		local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val
				else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to
--[[
library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template
--            name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(ctx.pipe, 2, 0, ctx.params)
	local gargs = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &lt; 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val
		else gargs[key] = val end
	end
	tmp = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tmp ~= nil then tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local groups = make_groups(tbl)
	for gid, group in pairs(groups) do
		for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args = gid, group
		groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end
	ctx.params = groups
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.parsing = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
		trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim
--            flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter
--            setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.reinterpreting = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local str = tbl[tmp]
	if str ~= nil then
		tbl[tmp] = nil
		parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
			trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.evaluating = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':')
	if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then
		ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe)
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local new_opts, cache = {}, {}
	local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain,
		psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; 1 then new_opts[key] = val
		elseif key &gt;= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end
	ctx.pipe = new_opts
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to
library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end
	local tmp
	local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache, mix_v = {}, ctx.pipe[2]
	if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key)
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end
	else
		local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k)
		local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			tmp = tostring(key)
			for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do
				if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end
			end
			for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do
				if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] =
				table.concat(cnv_v)
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end,
		'combining'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return val end,
		'combining_values'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
			title = tname,
			args = ctx.params
		}
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new
--            parameter name|pipe to
library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local mname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = ctx.pipe[2]
	if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] =
			tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 4)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local magic = ctx.pipe[1]
	if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] =
			ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params)
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.snapshotting = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.remembering = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to
library.entering_substack = function (ctx)
	local tbl, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.n_parents + 1
	if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl }
	else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then
		ctx.params = {}
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	if currsnap &gt; 0 then
		ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children =
			ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1
	else
		local newparams = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
		ctx.params = newparams
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to
library.pulling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end
	local tmp = ctx.n_parents
	local parent = tmp &lt; 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp]
	tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to
library.recalling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to
--[[
library.finding = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local parent
	for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do
		parent = ctx.parents[idx]
		if parent[arg] ~= nil then
			ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg]
			return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
		end
	end
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
--[[
library.picking = function (ctx)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	if ctx.n_parents &lt; 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len)
	else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to
library.detaching_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to
library.dropping_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to
library.leaving_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to
library.merging_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil,
		ncurrparent - 1
	for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to
library.flushing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to
library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx)
	set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing')
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


	--[[ Functions ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|count
library.count = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local retval = 0
	for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end
	ctx.text = retval
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]
--            |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value
--            n]|[...]
library.concat_and_call = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
		title = tname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	}
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend
--            1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            item n=value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2)
	local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{
		title = 'Module:' .. mname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	})
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend
--            2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=
--            value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx))
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name
library.value_of = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local val
	local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
		key = tonumber(key)
		val = ctx.params[key]
		-- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in
		-- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable)
		if val ~= nil and (
			ctx.subset ~= -1 or key &gt; #ctx.params or key &lt; 1
		) and (
			ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key &lt;= #ctx.params and key &gt; 0)
		) then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	else
		val = ctx.params[key]
		if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header
			or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	end
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list
library.list = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss =
			pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_values
library.list_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	-- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us
	local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names
library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	mixed_flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4
		end,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value
--            2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.coins = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin =
--            value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.unique_coins = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		tmp = get_parameter_name(val)
		tbl[key], opts[tmp] = opts[tmp], nil
	end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext
library.for_each = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or ''
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append
--            1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]
--            |[named param n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
		
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)

	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname, fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]
--            |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            param n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local tmp
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val
		else opts[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.pipe = opts
	ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params)
	flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group)
		for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs,
			nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


	--[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|new|pipe to
static_iface.new = function (child_frame)
	local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
	ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false)
	ctx.params = {}
	main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1))
	return ctx.text
end


	--[[ First-position-only functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|self
static_iface.self = function (frame)
	return frame:getParent():getTitle()
end


	--[[ Public metatable of functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (_, query)
		local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
			': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
		local func = static_iface[fname]
		if func ~= nil then return func end
		func = library[fname]
		if func == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
		return function (child_frame)
			local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
			ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname])
			ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname])
			main_loop(ctx, func)
			return ctx.text
		end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>s0wwht3ty2l3u443tnfm9mh3z5pmpgj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>689613</id>
      <parentid>689578</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-24T03:48:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Grufo</username>
        <id>27039</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update from [[d:Special:GoToLinkedPage/mediawikiwiki/Q122696746|master]] using [[mw:Synchronizer| #Synchronizer]]</comment>
      <origin>689613</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="88044" sha1="9ko1dij40e2ajwgg59fvqm72uoivi2f" xml:space="preserve">require[[strict]]


	---                                        ---
	---     PRIVATE ENVIRONMENT                ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Abstract utilities ]]--
	----------------------------


-- Helper function for `string.gsub()` (for managing zero-padded numbers)
local function zero_padded (str)
	return ('%03d%s'):format(#str, str)
end


-- Helper function for `table.sort()` (for natural sorting)
local function natural_sort (var1, var2)
	return var1:gsub('%d+', zero_padded) &lt; var2:gsub('%d+', zero_padded)
end


-- Return a copy or a reference to a table
local function copy_or_ref_table (src, refonly)
	if refonly then return src end
	local newtab = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do newtab[key] = val end
	return newtab
end


-- Copy at most N items (of all kinds) from `src` to `dest` and return `dest`
local function copy_table_maxn (dest, src, len)
	local idx = 1
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		dest[key], idx = val, idx + 1
		if idx &gt; len then break end
	end
	return dest
end


-- Remove some numeric elements from a table, shifting everything to the left
local function remove_numeric_keys (tbl, idx, len)
	local cache, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt;= idx then
			if key &gt; tmp then cache[key - len] = val end
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Make a reduced copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_reduced (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = 1 - idx
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; tmp then ret[key - tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			elseif key &lt; idx then ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Make an expanded copy of a table (shifting in both directions if necessary)
local function copy_table_expanded (tbl, idx, len)
	local ret, tmp = {}, idx + len - 1
	if idx &gt; 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; idx then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key + len] = val end
		end
	elseif tmp &gt; 0 then
		local nshift = idx - 1
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' then ret[key] = val
			elseif key &gt; 0 then ret[key + tmp] = val
			elseif key &lt; 1 then ret[key + nshift] = val end
		end
	else
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &gt; tmp then
				ret[key] = val
			else ret[key - len] = val end
		end
	end
	return ret
end


-- Given a table, create two new tables containing the sorted list of keys
local function get_key_list_sorted (tbl, sort_fn)
	local nums, words, nn, nw = {}, {}, 0, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nn = nn + 1
			nums[nn] = key
		else
			nw = nw + 1
			words[nw] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(nums)
	table.sort(words, sort_fn)
	return nums, words, nn, nw
end


-- Parse a parameter name string and return it as a string or a number
local function get_parameter_name (par_str)
	local ret = par_str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if ret ~= '0' and ret:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' == nil then return ret end
	return tonumber(ret)
end


-- Move a key from a table to another, but only if under a different name and
-- always parsing numeric strings as numbers
local function steal_if_renamed (val, src, skey, dest, dkey)
	local realkey = get_parameter_name(dkey)
	if skey ~= realkey then dest[realkey], src[skey] = val, nil end
end


	--[[ Public strings ]]--
	------------------------


-- Special match keywords (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local mkeywords = {
	['or'] = 0,
	pattern = 1,
	plain = 2,
	strict = 3
}


-- Sort functions (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local sortfunctions = {
	alphabetically = false,
	naturally = natural_sort
}


-- Callback styles for the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of modifiers
-- (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
--[[

Meanings of the columns:

  col[1] = Loop type (0-3)
  col[2] = Number of module arguments that the style requires (1-3)
  col[3] = Minimum number of sequential parameters passed to the callback
  col[4] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter name
  col[5] = Name of the callback parameter where to place each parameter value
  col[6] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[4]`
  col[7] = Argument in the modifier's invocation that will override `col[5]`

A value of `-1` indicates that no meaningful value is stored (i.e. `nil`)

]]--
local mapping_styles = {
	names_and_values = { 3, 2, 2, 1, 2, -1, -1 },
	values_and_names = { 3, 2, 2, 2, 1, -1, -1 },
	values_only = { 1, 2, 1, -1, 1, -1, -1 },
	names_only = { 2, 2, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1 },
	names_and_values_as = { 3, 4, 0, -1, -1, 2, 3 },
	names_only_as = { 2, 3, 0, -1, -1, 2, -1 },
	values_only_as = { 1, 3, 0, -1, -1, -1, 2 },
	blindly = { 0, 2, 0, -1, -1, -1, -1 }
}


-- Memory slots (functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names)
local memoryslots = {
	h = 'header',
	f = 'footer',
	i = 'itersep',
	l = 'lastsep',
	n = 'ifngiven',
	p = 'pairsep',
	s = 'oxfordsep'
}


-- Possible trimming modes for the `parsing` modifier
local trim_parse_opts = {
	trim_none = { false, false },
	trim_positional = { false, true },
	trim_named = { true, false },
	trim_all = { true, true }
}


-- Possible string modes for the iteration separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local isep_parse_opts = {
	splitter_pattern = false,
	splitter_string = true
}


-- Possible string modes for the key-value separator in the `parsing` and
-- `reinterpreting` modifiers
local psep_parse_opts = {
	setter_pattern = false,
	setter_string = true
}


-- Possible position references for the `splicing` modifier
local position_references = {
	add_nothing = 0,
	add_smallest_number = 1,
	add_last_of_sequence = 2,
	add_largest_number = 3
}


-- Possible modes for the `reassigning` modifier
local a_modes = {
	transfer = 0,
	clone = 1,
	rename = 2,
	copy = 3,
	sacrifice = 4,
	provide = 5,
	spare = 7
}


-- Functions and modifiers MUST avoid these names too: `here`, `in_substack`,
-- `let`, `expose`, `use`, `with_flushed_glue`, `without_flushed_glue`
-- `without_sorting`


	--[[ Private constants ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Hard-coded name of the module (to avoid going through `frame:getTitle()`)
local modulename = 'Module:Params'


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the `frame.args`
-- metatable to be copied into a regular table; if they are modifiers they also
-- guarantee that they will make their own (modified) copy available
local refpipe = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	--coins = true,
	count = true,
	evaluating = true,
	for_each = true,
	list = true,
	list_values = true,
	list_maybe_with_names = true,
	value_of = true
}


-- The functions listed here declare that they don't need the
-- `frame:getParent().args` metatable to be copied into a regular table; if 
-- they are modifiers they also guarantee that they will make their own
-- (modified) copy available
local refparams = {
	call_for_each_group = true,
	combining = true,
	combining_by_calling = true,
	combining_values = true,
	concat_and_call = true,
	concat_and_invoke = true,
	concat_and_magic = true,
	count = true,
	grouping_by_calling = true,
	mixing_names_and_values = true,
	keeping_at_most = true,
	renaming_by_mixing = true,
	renaming_to_sequence = true,
	renaming_to_uppercase = true,
	renaming_to_lowercase = true,
	--renaming_to_values = true,
	shifting = true,
	splicing = true,
	--swapping_names_and_values = true,
	value_of = true,
	with_name_matching = true
}


-- Maximum number of numeric parameters that can be filled, if missing (we
-- chose an arbitrary number for this constant; you can discuss about its
-- optimal value at Module talk:Params)
local maxfill = 1024


-- The private table of functions
local library = {}


-- Functions and modifiers that can only be invoked in first position
local static_iface = {}


	--[[ Private functions ]]--
	---------------------------


-- Create a new context
local function context_new (child_frame)
	local main_frame = child_frame:getParent()
	return {
		frame = main_frame,
		opipe = child_frame.args,
		oparams = main_frame.args,
		firstposonly = static_iface,
		iterfunc = pairs,
		sorttype = 0,
		n_parents = 0,
		n_children = 0,
		n_available = maxfill
	}
end


-- Move to the next action within the user-given list
local function context_iterate (ctx, n_forward)
	local nextfn
	if ctx.pipe[n_forward] ~= nil then
		nextfn = ctx.pipe[n_forward]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	end
	if nextfn == nil then error(modulename ..
		': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
	if library[nextfn] == nil then
		if ctx.firstposonly[nextfn] == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. nextfn .. '’ does not exist', 0)
		else error(modulename .. ': The ‘' .. nextfn ..
			'’ directive can only appear in first position', 0)
		end
	end
	remove_numeric_keys(ctx.pipe, 1, n_forward)
	return library[nextfn]
end


-- Main loop
local function main_loop (ctx, start_with)
	local fn = start_with
	repeat fn = fn(ctx) until not fn
	if ctx.n_parents &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': One or more ‘merging_substack’ directives are missing', 0) end
	if ctx.n_children &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		', For some of the snapshots either the ‘flushing’ directive is missing or a group has not been properly closed with ‘merging_substack’', 0) end
end


-- Load a `setting`-like directive string into the `dest` table
local function set_strings_from_opts (dest, opts, start_from)
	local cmd
	if opts[start_from] == nil then return start_from - 1 end
	cmd = opts[start_from]:gsub('%s+', ''):gsub('/+', '/')
		:match'^/*(.*[^/])'
	if cmd == nil then return start_from end
	local vname, chr
	local amap, sep, argc = {}, string.byte('/'), start_from + 1
	for idx = 1, #cmd do
		chr = cmd:byte(idx)
		if chr == sep then
			for key, val in ipairs(amap) do
				dest[val], amap[key] = opts[argc], nil
			end
			argc = argc + 1
		else
			vname = memoryslots[string.char(chr)]
			if vname == nil then error(modulename ..
				', ‘setting’: Unknown slot ‘' ..
				string.char(chr) .. '’', 0) end
			table.insert(amap, vname)
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(amap) do dest[val] = opts[argc] end
	return argc
end


-- Add a new stack of parameters to `ctx.children`
local function new_substack (ctx)
	local currsnap, newparams = ctx.n_children + 1, {}
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { newparams }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = newparams end
	ctx.n_children = currsnap
	return newparams
end


-- Parse a raw argument containing a `sortfunctions` directive, or
-- `'without_sorting'`, or `nil`
local function load_sort_opt (raw_arg)
	if raw_arg == nil then return nil, 1, false end
	local trarg = raw_arg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if trarg == 'without_sorting' then return nil, 2, false, trarg end
	local tmp = sortfunctions[trarg]
	if tmp == nil then return nil, 1, false, trarg end
	return tmp or nil, 2, true, trarg
end


-- Parse optional user arguments of type `...|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|
-- [number of additional parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]`
local function load_child_opts (src, start_from, append_after, params)
	local tnamed, tmp1, tmp2
	local pin, tbl, mem = start_from, {}, {}
	while src[pin] ~= nil and src[pin + 1] ~= nil do
		tmp1 = src[pin]:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if tmp1 == 'let' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = nil, src[pin + 2], pin + 3
--[[
		elseif tmp1 == 'expose' then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[tmp1], pin = tmp2, tmp2, pin + 2
]]--
		elseif tmp1 == 'use' and src[pin + 2] ~= nil then
			tmp1 = get_parameter_name(src[pin + 2])
			tmp2 = params[tmp1]
			mem[tmp1], tbl[get_parameter_name(src[pin + 1])], pin =
				tmp2, tmp2, pin + 3
		else break end
	end
	local tnew = copy_or_ref_table(params, next(mem) == nil)
	for key in pairs(mem) do tnew[key] = nil end
	if pin ~= start_from then tnamed, tbl = tbl, {} end
	tmp1 = tonumber(src[pin])
	if tmp1 ~= nil and math.floor(tmp1) == tmp1 then
		if tmp1 &lt; 0 then tmp1 = -1 end
		tmp2 = append_after - pin
		for idx = pin + 1, pin + tmp1 do tbl[idx + tmp2] = src[idx] end
		pin = pin + tmp1 + 1
	end
	if tnamed ~= nil then
		for key, val in pairs(tnamed) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return tbl, pin, tnew, mem
end


-- Load the optional arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*`
-- class of modifiers
local function load_callback_opts (src, n_skip, default_style, params)
	local style, shf
	local tmp = src[n_skip + 1]
	if tmp ~= nil then style = mapping_styles[tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if style == nil then style, shf = default_style, n_skip - 1
	else shf = n_skip end
	local n_exist, karg, varg = style[3], style[4], style[5]
	tmp = style[6]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		karg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if karg == '0' or karg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			karg = tonumber(karg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, karg)
		end
	end
	tmp = style[7]
	if tmp &gt; -1 then
		varg = src[tmp + shf]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if varg == '0' or varg:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			varg = tonumber(varg)
			n_exist = math.max(n_exist, varg)
		end
	end
	local dest, argc, tnew, mem = load_child_opts(src, style[2] + shf,
		n_exist, params)
	tmp = style[1]
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 2) and dest[karg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 2 end
	if (tmp == 3 or tmp == 1) and dest[varg] ~= nil then
		tmp = tmp - 1 end
	return dest, argc, tmp, karg, varg, tnew, mem
end


-- Parse the arguments of some of the `mapping_*` and `renaming_*` class of
-- modifiers
local function load_replace_args (opts, whoami)
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No pattern string was given', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No replacement string was given', 0) end
	local ptn, repl, nmax, argc = opts[1], opts[2], tonumber(opts[3]), 3
	if nmax ~= nil or (opts[3] or ''):match'^%s*$' ~= nil then argc = 4 end
	local flg = opts[argc]
	if flg ~= nil then flg = mkeywords[flg:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if flg == 0 then flg = nil elseif flg ~= nil then argc = argc + 1 end
	return ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, (nmax ~= nil and nmax &lt; 1) or
		(flg == 3 and ptn == repl)
end


-- Parse the arguments of the `with_*_matching` class of modifiers
local function load_pattern_args (opts, whoami)
	local keyw
	local ptns, state, nptns, cnt = {}, 0, 0, 1
	for _, val in ipairs(opts) do
		if state == 0 then
			nptns, state = nptns + 1, -1
			ptns[nptns] = { val, false, false }
		else
			keyw = val:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if keyw == nil or mkeywords[keyw] == nil or (
				state &gt; 0 and mkeywords[keyw] &gt; 0
			) then break
			else
				state = mkeywords[keyw]
				if state &gt; 1 then ptns[nptns][2] = true end
				if state == 3 then ptns[nptns][3] = true end
			end
		end
		cnt = cnt + 1
	end
	if state == 0 then error(modulename .. ', ‘' .. whoami ..
		'’: No pattern was given', 0) end
	return ptns, nptns, cnt
end


-- Load the optional arguments of the `parsing`, `reinterpreting` and
-- `evaluating` modifiers
local function load_parse_opts (opts, start_from, isp, psp)
	local tmp
	local optslots, noptslots, argc, trimn, trimu, iplain, pplain =
		{ true, true, true }, 3, start_from, true, false, true, true
	repeat
		noptslots, tmp = noptslots - 1, opts[argc]
		if tmp == nil then break end
		tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
		if optslots[1] ~= nil and trim_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			tmp = trim_parse_opts[tmp]
			trimn, trimu, optslots[1] = tmp[1], tmp[2], nil
		elseif optslots[2] ~= nil and isep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			iplain, isp, optslots[2] = isep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		elseif optslots[3] ~= nil and psep_parse_opts[tmp] ~= nil then
			argc = argc + 1
			pplain, psp, optslots[3] = psep_parse_opts[tmp],
				opts[argc], nil
		else break end
		argc = argc + 1
	until noptslots &lt; 1
	return isp, iplain, psp, pplain, trimn, trimu, argc
end


-- Map parameters' values using a custom callback and a referenced table
local value_maps = {
	[0] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = fn() end
	end,
	[1] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[varg] = val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg] = key
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (tbl, margs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			margs[karg], margs[varg] = key, val
			tbl[key] = fn()
		end
	end
}


-- Private table for `map_names()`
local name_thieves = {
	[0] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[1] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[varg] = val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[2] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg] = key
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end,
	[3] = function (cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			rargs[karg], rargs[varg] = key, val
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache, fn())
		end
	end
}


-- Map parameters' names using a custom callback and a referenced table
local function map_names (tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, fn)
	local cache = {}
	name_thieves[looptype](cache, tbl, rargs, karg, varg, fn)
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
end


-- Return a new table that contains `src` regrouped according to the numeric
-- suffixes in its keys
local function make_groups (src)
	-- NOTE: `src` might be the original metatable!
	local prefix, gid
	local groups = {}
	for key, val in pairs(src) do
		-- `key` must only be a string or a number...
		if type(key) == 'string' then
			prefix, gid = key:match'^%s*(.-)%s*(%-?%d*)%s*$'
			gid = tonumber(gid) or ''
		else
			prefix, gid = '', key
		end
		if groups[gid] == nil then groups[gid] = {} end
		if prefix == '0' or prefix:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			prefix = tonumber(prefix)
			if prefix &lt; 1 then prefix = prefix - 1 end
		end
		groups[gid][prefix] = val
	end
	return groups
end


-- Split into parts a string containing the `$#` and `$@` placeholders and
-- return the information as a skeleton table, a canvas table and a length
local function parse_placeholder_string (target)
	local idx, s_pos, skel, canvas = 1, 1, {}, {}
	local e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', 1, false)
	while e_pos ~= nil do
		canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos, e_pos - 1)
		skel[idx + 1] = target:sub(e_pos, e_pos + 1) == '$@'
		idx = idx + 2
		s_pos = e_pos + 2
		e_pos = string.find(target, '%$[@#]', s_pos, false)
	end
	if (s_pos &gt; target:len()) then idx = idx - 1
	else canvas[idx] = target:sub(s_pos) end
	return skel, canvas, idx
end


-- Populate a table by parsing a parameter string (heavy lifting for `parsing`,
-- `reinterpreting` and `evaluating`)
local function parse_parameter_string (tbl, str, isp, ipl, psp, ppl, trn, tru)
	local key, val, spos1, spos2, pos1, pos2
	local pos3, idx, lenplone = 0, 1, #str + 1
	if isp == nil or isp == '' then
		if psp == nil or psp == '' then
			if tru then tbl[idx] = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else tbl[idx] = str end
			return idx
		end
		spos1, spos2 = str:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = str:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
			else val = str end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(str:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = str:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
		return idx
	end
	if psp == nil or psp == '' then
		repeat
			pos1 = pos3 + 1
			pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
			val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			tbl[idx], idx = val, idx + 1
		until pos2 == nil
		return idx
	end
	repeat
		pos1 = pos3 + 1
		pos2, pos3 = str:find(isp, pos1, ipl)
		val = str:sub(pos1, (pos2 or lenplone) - 1)
		spos1, spos2 = val:find(psp, 1, ppl)
		if spos1 == nil then
			key = idx
			if tru then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
			idx = idx + 1
		else
			key = get_parameter_name(val:sub(1, spos1 - 1))
			val = val:sub(spos2 + 1)
			if trn then val = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
		end
		tbl[key] = val
	until pos2 == nil
	return idx
end


-- Heavy lifting for `snapshotting` and `remembering`
local function make_child (ctx, src, whoami)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len == 0 then
		local stack = new_substack(ctx)
		for key, val in pairs(src) do stack[key] = val end
		return len == nil and 1 or 2
	end
	if len &lt; 0 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: The number of parameters to copy must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	copy_table_maxn(new_substack(ctx), src, len)
	return 2
end


-- Heavy lifting for `setting_by_flushing`, `combining` and `combining_values`
local function set_strings_from_substack (ctx, dest, whoami)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	local stack = ctx.children[currsnap]
	for key, val in pairs(memoryslots) do
		if stack[key] ~= nil then dest[val] = stack[key] end
	end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
end


-- Heavy lifting for `combining` and `combining_values`
local function combine_parameters (ctx, keyval_fn, whoami)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! This function
	-- MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local argc
	local tbl, vars = ctx.params, {}
	local sortfn, varsarg0, do_sort, tmp = load_sort_opt(opts[2])
	if varsarg0 == 2 then tmp = opts[3] and opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	if tmp == 'with_flushed_glue' then
		varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
		set_strings_from_substack(ctx, vars, whoami)
	else
		if tmp == 'without_flushed_glue' then varsarg0 = varsarg0 + 1 end
		argc = set_strings_from_opts(vars, opts, varsarg0 + 1)
	end
	if argc &lt; varsarg0 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘' .. whoami .. '’: No setting directive was given', 0) end
	if next(tbl) == nil then
		if vars.ifngiven ~= nil then ctx.params =
			{ [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = vars.ifngiven }
		elseif tbl == ctx.oparams then ctx.params = {} end
		return argc
	end
	local cache, len
	if do_sort then
		local words
		cache, words, len, tmp = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, tmp do cache[len + idx] = words[idx] end
		len = len + tmp
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = key
		end
	end
	local pmap, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, vars.pairsep or '', vars.itersep or ''
	for idx = 1, len do
		tmp, pmap[nss + 1] = cache[idx], pps
		pmap[nss + 2] = keyval_fn(tmp, tbl[tmp], kvs)
		nss = nss + 2
	end
	tmp = vars.oxfordsep or vars.lastsep
	if tmp ~= nil and nss &gt; 4 then pmap[nss - 1] = tmp
	elseif nss &gt; 2 and vars.lastsep ~= nil then
		pmap[nss - 1] = vars.lastsep
	end
	pmap[1] = vars.header or ''
	if vars.footer ~= nil then pmap[nss + 1] = vars.footer end
	ctx.params = { [get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = table.concat(pmap) }
	return argc
end


-- Concatenate the numeric keys from the table of parameters to the numeric
-- keys from the table of options; non-numeric keys from the table of options
-- will prevail over colliding non-numeric keys from the table of parameters
local function concat_params (ctx)
	local retval, tbl, nmax = {}, ctx.params, table.maxn(ctx.pipe)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		-- We need only the sequence
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do retval[key + nmax] = val end
	else
		if ctx.subset == -1 then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				retval[key + nmax] = val
			else retval[key] = val end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do retval[key] = val end
	return retval
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling a custom function for each value (after this
-- function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function flush_params (ctx, fn)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
			for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
			return
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do fn(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		for idx = 1, nw do fn(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset ~= -1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
			fn(key, val)
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn(key, val) end
end


-- Flush the parameters by calling one of two custom functions for each value
-- (after this function has been invoked `ctx.params` will be no longer usable)
local function mixed_flush_params (ctx, fn_seq, fn_oth)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then
		for key, val in ipairs(ctx.params) do fn_seq(key, val) end
		return
	end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then
		flush_params(ctx, fn_oth)
		return
	end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then
		local nums, words, nn, nw = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, natural_sort)
		local sequence = {}
		for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do sequence[key] = val end
		if ctx.sorttype == 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		for idx = 1, nn do
			if sequence[nums[idx]] then fn_seq(nums[idx], sequence[nums[idx]])
			else fn_oth(nums[idx], tbl[nums[idx]]) end
		end
		if ctx.sorttype ~= 2 then
			for idx = 1, nw do fn_oth(words[idx], tbl[words[idx]]) end
		end
		return
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(tbl) do
		fn_seq(key, val)
		tbl[key] = nil
	end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do fn_oth(key, val) end
end


-- Finalize and return a concatenated list
local function finalize_and_return_concatenated_list (ctx, lst, len, modsize)
	if len &gt; 0 then
		local tmp = ctx.oxfordsep or ctx.lastsep
		if tmp ~= nil and len &gt; modsize * 2 then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = tmp
		elseif len &gt; modsize and ctx.lastsep ~= nil then
			lst[len - modsize + 1] = ctx.lastsep
		end
		lst[1] = ctx.header or ''
		if ctx.footer ~= nil then lst[len + 1] = ctx.footer end
		ctx.text = table.concat(lst)
	else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
end


	---                                        ---
	---     PUBLIC ENVIRONMENT                 ---
	---    ________________________________    ---
	---                                        ---


	--[[ Modifiers ]]--
	-------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sequential|pipe to
library.sequential = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘non-sequential’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype &gt; 0 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ and ‘reassorted’ directives are redundant when followed by ‘sequential’', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = ipairs, 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|non-sequential|pipe to
library['non-sequential'] = function (ctx)
	if ctx.subset == -1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘non-sequential’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘non-sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.iterfunc, ctx.subset = pairs, -1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|all_sorted|pipe to
library.all_sorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘all_sorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘reassorted’ and ‘sequential’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassorted|pipe to
library.reassorted = function (ctx)
	if ctx.sorttype == 2 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive has been provided more than once', 0) end
	if ctx.subset == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The ‘reassorted’ directive is redundant after ‘sequential’', 0) end
	if ctx.sorttype == 1 then error(modulename ..
		': The two directives ‘sequential’ and ‘reassorted’ are in contradiction with each other', 0) end
	ctx.sorttype = 2
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting|directives|...|pipe to
library.setting = function (ctx)
	local argc = set_strings_from_opts(ctx, ctx.pipe, 1)
	if argc &lt; 2 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘setting’: No directive was given', 0) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|scoring|new parameter name|[container]|pipe to
library.scoring = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘scoring’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local tmp
	local retval, opts = 0, ctx.pipe
	for _ in pairs(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then tmp = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == 'in_substack' then
		new_substack(ctx)[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
		return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
	end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(opts[1])] = tostring(retval)
	return context_iterate(ctx, tmp == 'here' and 3 or 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|squeezing|pipe to
library.squeezing = function (ctx)
	local store, indices, tbl, newlen = {}, {}, ctx.params, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			newlen = newlen + 1
			indices[newlen], store[key], tbl[key] = key, val, nil
		end
	end
	table.sort(indices)
	for idx = 1, newlen do tbl[idx] = store[indices[idx]] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|filling_the_gaps|pipe to
library.filling_the_gaps = function (ctx)
	local newval, tbl, tmp, nmin, nmax, nnums =
		ctx.pipe[1], ctx.params, {}, 1, nil, -1
	if newval == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘filling_the_gaps’: No value was provided', 0) end
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmax == nil then
				if key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
				nmax = key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
			tmp[key], nnums = val, nnums + 1
		end
	end
	if nmax ~= nil and nmax - nmin &gt; nnums then
		ctx.n_available = ctx.n_available + nmin + nnums - nmax
		if ctx.n_available &lt; 0 then error(modulename ..
			', ‘filling_the_gaps’: It is possible to fill at most ' ..
			tostring(maxfill) .. ' parameters', 0) end
		for idx = nmin, nmax, 1 do tbl[idx] = newval end
		for key, val in pairs(tmp) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|clearing|pipe to
library.clearing = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in ipairs(numerics) do tbl[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cutting|left cut|right cut|pipe to
library.cutting = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Left cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cutting’: Right cut must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local len = #tbl
	if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
	if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
	local tot = lcut + rcut
	if tot &gt; 0 then
		local cache = {}
		if tot &gt;= len then
			for key in ipairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = nil end
			tot = len
		else
			for idx = len - rcut + 1, len, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = 1, lcut, 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and key &gt; 0 then
				if key &gt; len then cache[key - tot] = val
				else cache[key - lcut] = val end
				tbl[key] = nil
			end
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|cropping|left crop|right crop|pipe to
library.cropping = function (ctx)
	local lcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if lcut == nil or math.floor(lcut) ~= lcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Left crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local rcut = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if rcut == nil or math.floor(rcut) ~= rcut then error(modulename ..
		', ‘cropping’: Right crop must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local nmin, nmax
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			if nmin == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	if nmin ~= nil then
		local len = nmax - nmin + 1
		if lcut &lt; 0 then lcut = len + lcut end
		if rcut &lt; 0 then rcut = len + rcut end
		if lcut + rcut - len &gt; -1 then
			for key in pairs(tbl) do
				if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key] = nil end
			end
		elseif lcut + rcut &gt; 0 then
			for idx = nmax - rcut + 1, nmax do tbl[idx] = nil end
			for idx = nmin, nmin + lcut - 1 do tbl[idx] = nil end
			local lshift = nmin + lcut - 1
			if lshift &gt; 0 then
				for idx = lshift + 1, nmax, 1 do
					tbl[idx - lshift], tbl[idx] =
						tbl[idx], nil
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|purging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.purging = function (ctx)
	local idx = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if idx == nil or math.floor(idx) ~= idx then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘purging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &lt; 1 then
		len = len + table.maxn(tbl)
		if idx &gt; len then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = len - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(tbl, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|backpurging|start offset|length|pipe to
library.backpurging = function (ctx)
	local last = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if last == nil or math.floor(last) ~= last then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Start offset must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘backpurging’: Length must be an integer number', 0) end
	local idx
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if len &gt; 0 then
		idx = last - len + 1
	else
		for key in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' and (idx == nil or
				key &lt; idx) then idx = key end
		end
		if idx == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		idx = idx - len
		if last &lt; idx then return context_iterate(ctx, 3) end
		len = last - idx + 1
	end
	ctx.params = copy_table_reduced(ctx.params, idx, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|shifting|addend|pipe to
library.shifting = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local nshift = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if nshift == nil or nshift == 0 or math.floor(nshift) ~= nshift then
		error(modulename .. ', ‘shifting’: A non-zero integer number must be provided', 0) end
	local tbl = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tbl[key + nshift] = val
		else tbl[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reversing_numeric_names|pipe to
library.reversing_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl, numerics, nmax = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key], tbl[key] = val, nil
			if key &gt; nmax then nmax = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax - key + 1] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pivoting_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.pivoting_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local shift = #tbl + 1
	if shift &lt; 2 then return library.reversing_numeric_names(ctx) end
	local numerics = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[shift - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mirroring_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mirroring_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local nmax, nmin
	local tbl, numerics = ctx.params, {}
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			numerics[key] = val
			tbl[key] = nil
			if nmax == nil then nmin, nmax = key, key
			elseif key &gt; nmax then nmax = key
			elseif key &lt; nmin then nmin = key end
		end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(numerics) do tbl[nmax + nmin - key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_numeric_names|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local tbl, cache, nsize = ctx.params, {}, 0
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then
			nsize = nsize + 1
			cache[nsize] = key
		end
	end
	table.sort(cache)
	for idx = math.floor(nsize / 2), 1, -1 do
		tmp = tbl[cache[idx] ]
		tbl[cache[idx] ] = tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ]
		tbl[cache[nsize - idx + 1] ] = tmp
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|sorting_sequential_values|[criterion]|pipe to
library.sorting_sequential_values = function (ctx)
	local sortfn
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then
		sortfn = sortfunctions[ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$']
	end
	if sortfn then table.sort(ctx.params, sortfn)
	else table.sort(ctx.params) end -- i.e. either `false` or `nil`
	if sortfn == nil then return context_iterate(ctx, 1) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|splicing|[add to position]|position|increment|
--            [number of elements to write]|...|pipe to
library.splicing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp2, argc, pos, refp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	local tmp1 = opts[1]
	if tmp1 ~= nil then
		tmp2 = tonumber(tmp1)
		if tmp2 == nil or math.floor(tmp2) ~= tmp2 then
			pos, argc, tmp2 = tonumber(opts[2]), 4,
				tmp1:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
			if tmp2 ~= nil then
				refp = position_references[tmp2]
				if refp == nil then error(modulename ..
					', ‘splicing’: ‘' .. tostring(tmp2) ..
					'’ is not a valid first argument', 0) end
			else refp = 0 end
		else pos, argc, refp = tmp2, 3, 0 end
	else pos, argc, refp = tonumber(opts[2]), 4, 0 end
	if pos == nil or math.floor(pos) ~= pos then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The position must be an integer number', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(opts[argc - 1])
	if len == nil or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: The increment must be an integer number', 0) end
	local insn = tonumber(opts[argc])
	if len == 0 and (insn == nil or insn &lt; 1) then error(modulename ..
		', ‘splicing’: When the increment is zero the number of elements to write cannot be zero', 0) end
	if refp == 2 then
		for _ in ipairs(tbl) do pos = pos + 1 end
		refp = 0
	end
	tmp1, tmp2 = nil, nil
	if refp ~= 0 or len ~= 0 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if type(key) == 'number' then
				if tmp1 == nil then tmp1, tmp2 = key, key
				elseif key &lt; tmp1 then tmp1 = key
				elseif key &gt; tmp2 then tmp2 = key end
			end
		end
	end
	if tmp2 == nil then len = 0
	elseif refp == 3 then pos = pos + tmp2
	elseif refp == 1 then pos = pos + tmp1 end
	if len &gt; 0 and pos + len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_expanded(tbl, pos, len)
	elseif len &lt; 0 and pos - len &gt; tmp1 and pos &lt;= tmp2 then
		tbl = copy_table_reduced(tbl, pos, -len)
	else tbl = copy_or_ref_table(tbl, tbl ~= ctx.oparams) end
	ctx.params = tbl
	if insn == nil or insn &lt; 0 or math.floor(insn) ~= insn then
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	tmp1 = argc - pos + 1
	for key = pos, pos + insn - 1 do tbl[key] = opts[key + tmp1] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc + insn + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|imposing|name|value|pipe to
library.imposing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘imposing’: Missing parameter name to impose', 0) end
	ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = ctx.pipe[2]
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|providing|name|value|pipe to
library.providing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘providing’: Missing parameter name to provide', 0) end
	local key = get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])
	if ctx.params[key] == nil then ctx.params[key] = ctx.pipe[2] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reassigning|source|destination|[mode]|pipe to
library.reassigning = function (ctx)
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing source parameter', 0) end
	if opts[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reassigning’: Missing destination parameter', 0) end
	local mode, argc
	local src = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local val = tbl[src]
	if opts[3] ~= nil then mode = a_modes[opts[3]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'] end
	if mode == nil then mode, argc = 0, 3 else argc = 4 end
	if val == nil and mode &gt; 1 then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local dest = get_parameter_name(opts[2])
	local tmp = tbl[dest] == nil
	if mode % 2 == 0 or (mode == 7 and tmp) then tbl[src] = nil end
	if tmp or mode &lt; 4 then tbl[dest] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|discarding|name|[how many]|pipe to
library.discarding = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: Missing parameter name to discard', 0) end
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[2])
	if len == nil then
		ctx.params[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[1])] = nil
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local key = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if key == nil or math.floor(key) ~= key then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range was provided, but the initial parameter name is not an integer number', 0) end
	if len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘discarding’: A range can only be an integer number greater than zero', 0) end
	for idx = key, key + len - 1 do ctx.params[idx] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_non-numeric_names|pipe to
library['excluding_non-numeric_names'] = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|excluding_numeric_names|pipe to
library.excluding_numeric_names = function (ctx)
	local tmp = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then tmp[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_name_matching = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, ptn
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_matching')
	local tbl, newparams = ctx.params, {}
	for idx = 1, nptns do
		ptn = targets[idx]
		if ptn[3] then
			tmp = ptn[1]
			if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
				tmp = tonumber(tmp)
			end
			newparams[tmp] = tbl[tmp]
		else
			for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
				if tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
					newparams[key] = val
				end
			end
		end
	end
	ctx.params = newparams
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_name_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_name_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_name_not_matching')
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if nptns == 1 and targets[1][3] then
		local tmp = targets[1][1]
		if tmp == '0' or tmp:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
			tbl[tonumber(tmp)] = nil
		else tbl[tmp] = nil end
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local yesmatch, ptn
	for key in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if tostring(key) ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not tostring(key):find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]|[or]
--            |[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[or]|[...]|[target N]|[plain flag
--            N]|pipe to
library.with_value_matching = function (ctx)
	local nomatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		nomatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val == ptn[1] then
					nomatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				nomatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if nomatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|with_value_not_matching|target 1|[plain flag 1]
--            |[and]|[target 2]|[plain flag 2]|[and]|[...]|[target N]|[plain
--            flag N]|pipe to
library.with_value_not_matching = function (ctx)
	local yesmatch, ptn
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local targets, nptns, argc = load_pattern_args(ctx.pipe,
		'with_value_not_matching')
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		yesmatch = true
		for idx = 1, nptns do
			ptn = targets[idx]
			if ptn[3] then
				if val ~= ptn[1] then
					yesmatch = false
					break
				end
			elseif not val:find(ptn[1], 1, ptn[2]) then
				yesmatch = false
				break
			end
		end
		if yesmatch then tbl[key] = nil end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|keeping_at_most|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
library.keeping_at_most = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘keeping_at_most’: The number of parameters to keep must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	ctx.params = copy_table_maxn({}, ctx.params, len)
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|trimming_values|pipe to
library.trimming_values = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$' end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:lower() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.mapping_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = val:upper() end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = margs }
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_invoking|module name|function name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = margs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local margs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.values_only, ctx.params)
	value_maps[looptype](tbl, margs, karg, varg, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, margs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.mapping_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'mapping_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			if val == ptn then tbl[key] = repl end
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			tbl[key] = val:gsub(ptn, repl, nmax)
		end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.mapping_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local tbl, mix = ctx.params, ctx.pipe[1]
	if mix == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		tbl[key] = table.concat(cnv)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mapping_to_names|pipe to
--[[
library.mapping_to_names = function (ctx)
	local tbl = ctx.params
	for key in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = tostring(key) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_lowercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_lowercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:lower()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_uppercase|pipe to
library.renaming_to_uppercase = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
		if type(key) == 'string' then cache[key:upper()] = val else
		cache[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_sequence|[sort order]|pipe to
library.renaming_to_sequence = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache, len
	local tbl = ctx.params
	local sortfn, argc, do_sort = load_sort_opt(ctx.pipe[1])
	if do_sort then
		local words, wl
		cache, words, len, wl = get_key_list_sorted(tbl, sortfn)
		for idx = 1, len do cache[idx] = tbl[cache[idx]] end
		for idx = 1, wl do cache[len + idx] = tbl[words[idx]] end
	else
		len, cache = 0, {}
		for _, val in pairs(tbl) do
			len = len + 1
			cache[len] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_calling|template name|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            parameters]|[parameter 1]|[parameter 2]|[...]|[parameter N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_calling = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = tname, args = rargs }
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_invoking|module name|function
--            name|[call style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of
--            additional arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument
--            N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 2, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = rargs }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_magic|parser function|[call
--            style]|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_magic = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local rargs, argc, looptype, karg, varg, tbl, mem =
		load_callback_opts(opts, 1, mapping_styles.names_only, ctx.params)
	map_names(tbl, rargs, karg, varg, looptype, function ()
		return ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, rargs)
	end)
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do tbl[key] = val end
	ctx.params = tbl
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_replacing|target|replace|[count]|[plain
--            flag]|pipe to
library.renaming_by_replacing = function (ctx)
	local ptn, repl, nmax, flg, argc, die =
		load_replace_args(ctx.pipe, 'renaming_by_replacing')
	if die then return context_iterate(ctx, argc) end
	local tbl = ctx.params
	if flg == 3 then
		ptn = get_parameter_name(ptn)
		local val = tbl[ptn]
		if val ~= nil then
			tbl[ptn], tbl[get_parameter_name(repl)] = nil, val
		end
	else
		if flg == 2 then
			-- Copied from Module:String's `str._escapePattern()`
			ptn = ptn:gsub('[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]', '%%%0')
		end
		local cache = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
			steal_if_renamed(val, tbl, key, cache,
				tostring(key):gsub(ptn, repl, nmax))
		end
		for key, val in pairs(cache) do tbl[key] = val end
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_by_mixing|mixing string|pipe to
library.renaming_by_mixing = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘renaming_by_mixing’: No mixing string was provided', 0) end
	local mix = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache = {}
	if mix == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	else
		local skel, canvas, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(mix)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
				if skel[idx] then canvas[idx] = val
				else canvas[idx] = tostring(key) end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(canvas))] = val
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|renaming_to_values|pipe to
--[[
library.renaming_to_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = val end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|grouping_by_calling|template
--            name|[let/use]|[...]|[let/use]|[...]|[number of additional
--            arguments]|[argument 1]|[argument 2]|[...]|[argument N]|pipe to
library.grouping_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tmp, argc, tbl, mem = load_child_opts(ctx.pipe, 2, 0, ctx.params)
	local gargs = {}
	for key, val in pairs(tmp) do
		if type(key) == 'number' and key &lt; 1 then gargs[key - 1] = val
		else gargs[key] = val end
	end
	tmp = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tmp ~= nil then tmp = tmp:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘grouping_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local groups = make_groups(tbl)
	for gid, group in pairs(groups) do
		for key, val in pairs(gargs) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args = gid, group
		groups[gid] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end
	for key, val in pairs(mem) do groups[key] = val end
	ctx.params = groups
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|parsing|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.parsing = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘parsing’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	parse_parameter_string(ctx.params, opts[1], isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
		trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|reinterpreting|parameter to reinterpret|[trim
--            flag]|[iteration delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter
--            setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.reinterpreting = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘reinterpreting’: No parameter to reinterpret was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '|', '=')
	local tbl, tmp = ctx.params, get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local str = tbl[tmp]
	if str ~= nil then
		tbl[tmp] = nil
		parse_parameter_string(tbl, str, isep, iplain, psep, pplain,
			trimnamed, trimunnamed)
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|evaluating|string to parse|[trim flag]|[iteration
--            delimiter setter]|[...]|[key-value delimiter setter]|[...]|pipe to
library.evaluating = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘evaluating’: No string to parse was provided', 0) end
	local isep, iplain, psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed, argc =
		load_parse_opts(opts, 2, '!', ':')
	if opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' == nil then
		ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(opts, opts ~= ctx.opipe)
		return context_iterate(ctx, argc)
	end
	local new_opts, cache = {}, {}
	local shift = parse_parameter_string(cache, opts[1], isep, iplain,
		psep, pplain, trimnamed, trimunnamed) - argc
	for key, val in pairs(opts) do
		if type(key) ~= 'number' or key &lt; 1 then new_opts[key] = val
		elseif key &gt;= argc then new_opts[key + shift] = val end
	end
	for key, val in pairs(cache) do new_opts[key] = val end
	ctx.pipe = new_opts
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|mixing_names_and_values|mixing string|pipe to
library.mixing_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	if ctx.pipe[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter names', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mixing_names_and_values’: No mixing string was provided for parameter values', 0) end
	local tmp
	local mix_k = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	local cache, mix_v = {}, ctx.pipe[2]
	if mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$@' then
		for _, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = val
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$@' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			cache[get_parameter_name(val)] = tostring(key)
		end
	elseif mix_k == '$#' and mix_v == '$#' then
		for key in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[key] = tostring(key) end
	else
		local skel_k, cnv_k, n_parts_k = parse_placeholder_string(mix_k)
		local skel_v, cnv_v, n_parts_v = parse_placeholder_string(mix_v)
		for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do
			tmp = tostring(key)
			for idx = 2, n_parts_k, 2 do
				if skel_k[idx] then cnv_k[idx] = val else cnv_k[idx] = tmp end
			end
			for idx = 2, n_parts_v, 2 do
				if skel_v[idx] then cnv_v[idx] = val else cnv_v[idx] = tmp end
			end
			cache[get_parameter_name(table.concat(cnv_k))] =
				table.concat(cnv_v)
		end
	end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|swapping_names_and_values|pipe to
--[[
library.swapping_names_and_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local cache = {}
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.params) do cache[val] = key end
	ctx.params = cache
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return key .. kvs .. val end,
		'combining'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_values|new parameter name|[sort
--            order]|[with/without flushed glue]|setting directives|...|pipe to
library.combining_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	return context_iterate(ctx, combine_parameters(
		ctx,
		function (key, val, kvs) return val end,
		'combining_values'
	) + 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_calling|template name|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_calling = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local tname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if tname ~= nil then tname = tname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_calling’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
			title = tname,
			args = ctx.params
		}
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_invoking|module name|function name|new
--            parameter name|pipe to
library.combining_by_invoking = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local mname = ctx.pipe[1]
	if mname ~= nil then mname = mname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	local fname = ctx.pipe[2]
	if fname ~= nil then fname = fname:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[3] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_invoking’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = ctx.params }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘mapping_by_invoking’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[3])] =
			tostring(mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model)))
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 4)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|combining_by_magic|parser function|new parameter
--            name|pipe to
library.combining_by_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable! As a modifier,
	-- this function MUST create a copy of it before returning
	local magic = ctx.pipe[1]
	if magic ~= nil then magic = magic:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
	else error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	if ctx.pipe[2] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘combining_by_magic’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	ctx.params = {
		[get_parameter_name(ctx.pipe[2])] =
			ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, ctx.params)
	}
	return context_iterate(ctx, 3)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|snapshotting|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.snapshotting = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.params, 'snapshotting'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|remembering|[maximum number]|pipe to
library.remembering = function (ctx)
	return context_iterate(ctx, make_child(ctx, ctx.oparams, 'remembering'))
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|entering_substack|[new]|pipe to
library.entering_substack = function (ctx)
	local tbl, ncurrparent = ctx.params, ctx.n_parents + 1
	if ctx.parents == nil then ctx.parents = { tbl }
	else ctx.parents[ncurrparent] = tbl end
	ctx.n_parents = ncurrparent
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil and ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*new%s*$' then
		ctx.params = {}
		return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
	end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children
	if currsnap &gt; 0 then
		ctx.params, ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children =
			ctx.children[currsnap], nil, currsnap - 1
	else
		local newparams = {}
		for key, val in pairs(tbl) do newparams[key] = val end
		ctx.params = newparams
	end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|pulling|parameter name|pipe to
library.pulling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘pulling’: No parameter to pull was provided', 0) end
	local tmp = ctx.n_parents
	local parent = tmp &lt; 1 and ctx.oparams or ctx.parents[tmp]
	tmp = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if parent[tmp] ~= nil then ctx.params[tmp] = parent[tmp] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|recalling|parameter name|pipe to
library.recalling = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘recalling’: No parameter to recall was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|finding|parameter name|pipe to
--[[
library.finding = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘finding’: No parameter to find was provided', 0) end
	local arg = get_parameter_name(opts[1])
	local parent
	for idx = ctx.n_parents, 1, -1 do
		parent = ctx.parents[idx]
		if parent[arg] ~= nil then
			ctx.params[arg] = parent[arg]
			return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
		end
	end
	if ctx.oparams[arg] ~= nil then ctx.params[arg] = ctx.oparams[arg] end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|picking|number of parameters to pick|pipe to
--[[
library.picking = function (ctx)
	local len = tonumber(ctx.pipe[1])
	if len == nil or len &lt; 1 or math.floor(len) ~= len then error(modulename ..
		', ‘picking’: The number of parameters to pick must be an integer greater than zero', 0) end
	if ctx.n_parents &lt; 1 then copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.oparams, len)
	else copy_table_maxn(ctx.params, ctx.parents[ctx.n_parents], len) end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 2)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|detaching_substack|pipe to
library.detaching_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘detaching_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent = ctx.parents[ncurrparent]
	for key in pairs(ctx.params) do parent[key] = nil end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|dropping_substack|pipe to
library.dropping_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘dropping_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|leaving_substack|pipe to
library.leaving_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘leaving_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local currsnap = ctx.n_children + 1
	if ctx.children == nil then ctx.children = { ctx.params }
	else ctx.children[currsnap] = ctx.params end
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents, ctx.n_children =
		ctx.parents[ncurrparent], nil, ncurrparent - 1, currsnap
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|merging_substack|pipe to
library.merging_substack = function (ctx)
	local ncurrparent = ctx.n_parents
	if ncurrparent &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘merging_substack’: No substack has been created', 0) end
	local parent, child = ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.params
	ctx.params, ctx.parents[ncurrparent], ctx.n_parents = parent, nil,
		ncurrparent - 1
	for key, val in pairs(child) do parent[key] = val end
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|flushing|pipe to
library.flushing = function (ctx)
	if ctx.n_children &lt; 1 then error(modulename ..
		', ‘flushing’: There are no substacks to flush', 0) end
	local parent, currsnap = ctx.params, ctx.n_children
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.children[currsnap]) do parent[key] = val end
	ctx.children[currsnap], ctx.n_children = nil, currsnap - 1
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|setting_by_flushing|pipe to
library.setting_by_flushing = function (ctx)
	set_strings_from_substack(ctx, ctx, 'setting_by_flushing')
	return context_iterate(ctx, 1)
end


	--[[ Functions ]]--
	-----------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|count
library.count = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local retval = 0
	for _ in ctx.iterfunc(ctx.params) do retval = retval + 1 end
	if ctx.subset == -1 then retval = retval - #ctx.params end
	ctx.text = retval
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_call|template name|[prepend 1]|[prepend 2]
--            |[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=value
--            n]|[...]
library.concat_and_call = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_call’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:expandTemplate{
		title = tname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	}
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_invoke|module name|function name|[prepend
--            1]|[prepend 2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            item n=value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_invoke = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 2)
	local mfunc = require('Module:' .. mname)[fname]
	if mfunc == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_invoke’: The function ‘' .. fname ..
		'’ does not exist', 0) end
	ctx.text = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild{
		title = 'Module:' .. mname,
		args = concat_params(ctx)
	})
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:args|concat_and_magic|parser function|[prepend 1]|[prepend
--            2]|[...]|[item n]|[named item 1=value 1]|[...]|[named item n=
--            value n]|[...]
library.concat_and_magic = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.params` might be the original metatable!
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘concat_and_magic’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	ctx.text = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, concat_params(ctx))
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|value_of|parameter name
library.value_of = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘value_of’: No parameter name was provided', 0) end
	local val
	local key = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.-)%s*$'
	if key == '0' or key:find'^%-?[1-9]%d*$' ~= nil then
		key = tonumber(key)
		val = ctx.params[key]
		-- No worries: #ctx.params is unused when the modifier is in
		-- first position (and therefore `ctx.params` is a metatable)
		if val ~= nil and (
			ctx.subset ~= -1 or key &gt; #ctx.params or key &lt; 1
		) and (
			ctx.subset ~= 1 or (key &lt;= #ctx.params and key &gt; 0)
		) then
			ctx.text = (ctx.header or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	else
		val = ctx.params[key]
		if ctx.subset ~= 1 and val ~= nil then ctx.text = (ctx.header
			or '') .. val .. (ctx.footer or '')
		else ctx.text = ctx.ifngiven or '' end
	end
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list
library.list = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3], ret[nss + 4], nss =
			pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_values
library.list_values = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	-- NOTE: `library.coins()` and `library.unique_coins()` rely on us
	local ret, nss, pps = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], nss = pps, val, nss + 2
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|list_maybe_with_names
library.list_maybe_with_names = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, kvs, pps = {}, 0, ctx.pairsep or '', ctx.itersep or ''
	mixed_flush_params(
		ctx,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, '', '', val, nss + 4
		end,
		function (key, val)
			ret[nss + 1], ret[nss + 2], ret[nss + 3],
				ret[nss + 4], nss = pps, key, kvs, val, nss + 4
		end
	)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 4)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin = value
--            2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.coins = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do tbl[key] = opts[get_parameter_name(val)] end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]--


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|unique_coins|[first coin = value 1]|[second coin =
--            value 2]|[...]|[last coin = value N]
--[[
library.unique_coins = function (ctx)
	local tmp
	local opts, tbl = ctx.pipe, ctx.params
	for key, val in pairs(tbl) do
		tmp = get_parameter_name(val)
		tbl[key], opts[tmp] = opts[tmp], nil
	end
	return library.list_values(ctx)
end
]]


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|for_each|wikitext
library.for_each = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` might be the original metatable!
	local ret, nss, pps, txt = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or '', ctx.pipe[1] or ''
	local skel, cnv, n_parts = parse_placeholder_string(txt)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		for idx = 2, n_parts, 2 do
			if skel[idx] then cnv[idx] = val
			else cnv[idx] = tostring(key) end
		end
		ret[nss + 1], nss = pps, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = table.concat(cnv)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each|template name|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each|module name|module function|[append
--            1]|[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]
--            |[named param n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each = function (ctx)
	local mname, fname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
		
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each|parser function|[append 1]|[append 2]
--            |[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each = function (ctx)
	local magic
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	table.insert(opts, 1, true)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], opts[2], ret[nss + 1], nss = key, val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)

	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_value|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local tname
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	if opts[1] ~= nil then tname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_value’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tname, args = opts }
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|invoke_for_each_value|module name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.invoke_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local mname, fname
	if opts[1] ~= nil then mname = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if mname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No module name was provided', 0) end
	if opts[2] ~= nil then fname = opts[2]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘invoke_for_each_value’: No function name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = 'Module:' .. mname, args = opts }
	local mfunc = require(model.title)[fname]
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	remove_numeric_keys(opts, 1, 1)
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = mfunc(ctx.frame:newChild(model))
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|magic_for_each_value|parser function|[append 1]
--            |[append 2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named
--            param n=value n]|[...]
library.magic_for_each_value = function (ctx)
	local opts = ctx.pipe
	local magic
	if opts[1] ~= nil then magic = opts[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if magic == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘magic_for_each_value’: No parser function was provided', 0) end
	local ret, nss, ccs = {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	flush_params(ctx, function (key, val)
		opts[1], ret[nss + 1], nss = val, ccs, nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:callParserFunction(magic, opts)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|call_for_each_group|template name|[append 1]|[append
--            2]|[...]|[append n]|[named param 1=value 1]|[...]|[named param
--            n=value n]|[...]
library.call_for_each_group = function (ctx)
	-- NOTE: `ctx.pipe` and `ctx.params` might be the original metatables!
	local tmp
	if ctx.pipe[1] ~= nil then tmp = ctx.pipe[1]:match'^%s*(.*%S)' end
	if tmp == nil then error(modulename ..
		', ‘call_for_each_group’: No template name was provided', 0) end
	local model = { title = tmp }
	local opts, ret, nss, ccs = {}, {}, 0, ctx.itersep or ''
	for key, val in pairs(ctx.pipe) do
		if type(key) == 'number' then opts[key - 1] = val
		else opts[key] = val end
	end
	ctx.pipe = opts
	ctx.params = make_groups(ctx.params)
	flush_params(ctx, function (gid, group)
		for key, val in pairs(opts) do group[key] = val end
		group[0], model.args, ret[nss + 1], nss = gid, group, ccs,
			nss + 2
		ret[nss] = ctx.frame:expandTemplate(model)
	end)
	finalize_and_return_concatenated_list(ctx, ret, nss, 2)
	return false
end


	--[[ First-position-only modifiers ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|new|pipe to
static_iface.new = function (child_frame)
	local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
	ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, false)
	ctx.params = {}
	main_loop(ctx, context_iterate(ctx, 1))
	return ctx.text
end


	--[[ First-position-only functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


-- Syntax:  #invoke:params|self
static_iface.self = function (frame)
	return frame:getParent():getTitle()
end


	--[[ Public metatable of functions ]]--
	---------------------------------------


return setmetatable({}, {
	__index = function (_, query)
		local fname = query:match'^%s*(.*%S)'
		if fname == nil then error(modulename ..
			': You must specify a function to call', 0) end
		local func = static_iface[fname]
		if func ~= nil then return func end
		func = library[fname]
		if func == nil then error(modulename ..
			': The function ‘' .. fname .. '’ does not exist', 0) end
		return function (child_frame)
			local ctx = context_new(child_frame)
			ctx.pipe = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.opipe, refpipe[fname])
			ctx.params = copy_or_ref_table(ctx.oparams, refparams[fname])
			main_loop(ctx, func)
			return ctx.text
		end
	end
})</text>
      <sha1>9ko1dij40e2ajwgg59fvqm72uoivi2f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Judy Omumbo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>65527</id>
    <revision>
      <id>689609</id>
      <parentid>450200</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-24T02:32:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>11600</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>689609</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3704" sha1="pq8zqv5nlws8n9vrnft88q5e1z7bt1a" xml:space="preserve">

 
'''Judith Atieno Omumbo'''&lt;ref name=&quot;FAAS&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Omumbo Judith Atieno|url=https://aasciences.africa/fellows/omumbo-judith-atieno|accessdate=2025-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt; bụ onye na-ahụ maka ọrịa na Kenya nke na-amụ mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọrịa na-efe efe. Onye na-arụ ọrụ ogologo oge na KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Malaria Public Health Department, ọ bụ 2012 Fellow of the African Academy of Sciences.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
Omumbo nwetara BDS ya na Mahadum Nairobi School of Medicine na MPH ya na Mahadum Hibru nke Jerusalem Braun School of Health Public and Community Medicine.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judy Omumbo (0000-0002-9475-9346)|url=https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9475-9346|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=ORCID}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ sonyeere mmemme nyocha ntụkwasị obi KEMRI/Wellcome na afọ 1995.&lt;ref name=&quot;palisades&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://palisadesny.com/people/dr-judy-omumbo-voted-african-academy-sciences/|title=People &amp;#124; 10964 - the Palisades Newsletter|accessdate=2025-08-09|archivedate=2026-04-11|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20260411130145/http://palisadesny.com/people/dr-judy-omumbo-voted-african-academy-sciences/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na Green College, Oxford &lt;ref name=&quot;Omumbo 2004&quot; /&gt; na nkuzi Wellcome Trust, nweta PhD na ọrịa na-efe efe na 2005; &lt;ref name=&quot;WMO&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Health {{!}} COVID-19 Research Task Team {{!}} Team Members|url=https://community.wmo.int/en/activity-areas/health/Task-Team/tm|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=World Meteorological Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;palisades&quot; /&gt; akwụkwọ doctoral ya Ịmepụta maapụ ihe ize ndụ nke mgbasa ịba maka East Africa bụ Simon I. Hay, David Rogers na Bob Snow na-elekọta ya.

Omumbo rụrụ ọrụ na International Research Institute for Climate and Society dị ka onye na-eme nchọpụta mmemme Africa ruo afọ 2011.&lt;ref name=&quot;palisades&quot;/&gt;O mechara sonyere KEMRI/Wellcome Trust's  Malaria Public Health Department, &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Omumbo|first=Judy A.|date=2013|title=How well are malaria maps used to design and finance malaria control in Africa?|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=8|issue=1|pages=e53198|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0053198|pmid=23326398}}&lt;/ref&gt; ebe ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke ngalaba mmetụta amụma ha.&lt;ref name=&quot;palisades&quot; /&gt;

Omumbo bụ ọkachamara n'ọrịa na-efe efe bụ ọkachamara na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti mgbanwe ihu igwe na ọrịa na-efe efe, karịsịa iji ozi ihu igwe mee ka nlekọta ahụike Africa na-anabata ọrịa ndị a.&lt;ref name=&quot;inasp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Judy Omumbo|url=https://www.inasp.info/people/judy-omumbo|accessdate=2025-06-30|work=INASP}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WMO&quot;/&gt; Ọrụ ya gụnyere iji sistemu ozi gbasara mpaghara maka ọrịa ịba na mpi Africa na Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;WMO&quot; /&gt;

Omumbo chịkọtara otu ndị otu nyocha COVID-19 nke World Meteorological Organisation na nyocha ihu igwe maka kọmitii ndụmọdụ sayensị nke mmepe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WMO&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inasp&quot;/&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dịka onye njikwa mmemme postdoctoral pan-African .&lt;ref name=&quot;inasp&quot; /&gt; Ọ rụkwara ọrụ dị ka onye ndụmọdụ sayensị / nka na ụzụ na mmemme pụrụ iche nke Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa maka Nnyocha na Ọzụzụ na Ọrịa Tropical, AvecNet Project, na World-Wide Anti-Malarial Resistance Network, ma bụrụkwa akụkụ nke WMO Research Board na HealthStrat Kenya Board of Directors. &lt;ref name=&quot;WMO&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;inasp&quot; /&gt;

A họpụtara Omumbo onye otu ụlọ akwụkwọ sayensị nke Africa na 2012.&lt;ref name=&quot;FAAS&quot;/&gt;

N’afọ 2013, Omumbo biri na Palisades, New York .&lt;ref name=&quot;palisades&quot;/&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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'''Kaossara Sani''' bụ onye Togo na-ahụ maka gburugburu ebe obibi, onye ode akwụkwọ na ọkà mmụta mmekọrịta ọha na eze bi na Lomé, Togo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 March 2022|title=Kaossara Sani Urges: &quot;Climate Justice Now! Stop Talking, Take Action!&quot;|url=https://www.fao.org/dryland-forestry/news/news-detail/en/c/1475945/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=www.fao.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye nchọputa nke Africa Optimism na onye nchoputa yana onye isi oche nke Act on Sahel Movement. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kaossara Sani – Akina Mama wa Afrika|url=https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/kaossara-sani/|accessdate=2022-04-15|language=en-US|archivedate=2022-04-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421153707/https://www.akinamamawaafrika.org/kaossara-sani/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Oge ọ malitere ==
A mụrụ Kaossara Sani na Burkina Faso tupu ọ kwaga Togo mgbe ọ dị afọ itoolu. O tolitere na Lomé.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;{{Cite web|date=8 March 2022|title=Kaossara Sani Urges: &quot;Climate Justice Now! Stop Talking, Take Action!&quot;|url=https://www.fao.org/dryland-forestry/news/news-detail/en/c/1475945/|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=www.fao.org}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.fao.org/dryland-forestry/news/news-detail/en/c/1475945/ &quot;Kaossara Sani Urges: &quot;Climate Justice Now! Stop Talking, Take Action!&quot;&quot;]. ''www.fao.org''. 8 March 2022&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2022-04-15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ya na nne ya na ụmụnne ya ndị nwoke abụọ bi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Andreoli|first=Josephine|date=13 November 2021|title=Klimaaktivistin Kaossara Sani aus Togo kämpft für das 1,5 Grad-Ziel|url=https://www.watson.de/!785343489|accessdate=2022-04-15|work=watson.de|language=de}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mgbalị ==
Ọ chọtara Africa Optimism bụ òtù na-arụ ọrụ n'ịkpọsa ngwọta nke ihu igwe na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na agụmakwụkwọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Carlin|first=Samantha|date=2 August 2021|title=Meet the Members of Green Builder Media's Next Generation Influencer Group|url=https://www.greenbuildermedia.com/blog/meet-the-members-of-green-builder-medias-next-generation-influencer-group|accessdate=2022-04-16|work=www.greenbuildermedia.com|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa onye nchoputa Act On Sahel Movement nke na-ewepụta ego iji kwụọ ụgwọ mkpụrụ na fatịlaịza maka ndị ọrụ ugbo na mpaghara Sahel nke Africa. Nzukọ ahụ na-ebukwa ego iji zụta ngwaahịa ịdị ọcha ma nye ohere ịnweta mmiri dị ọcha na ume ọhụrụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Nakate|first=Vanessa|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eDAXEAAAQBAJ&amp;dq=Sani+Act+On+Sahel+seed&amp;pg=PA90|title=A Bigger Picture: My Fight to Bring a New African Voice to the Climate Crisis|date=2021|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-358-65450-6|pages=91|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Achọpụtara ihe ọ na-eme mgbe o zigara akwụkwọ akụkọ n'afọ 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference na-ekwu na ego maka njem na Glasgow ga-aka mma iji wuo olulu mmiri iji nye ndị Togo mmiri dị ọcha. Na akwụkwọ akụkọ ya, ọ na-echetakwara mba ndị bara ọgaranya nke &quot;nkwa ha mebiri emebi&quot; inye $100 ijeri kwa afọ na ego ihu igwe maka mba ndị ka na-emepe emepe ruo na njedebe nke 2020 bụ nke gara n'ihu n'afọ 2025 na n'afọ 2015. Ọ gbakwara mba ndị bara ọgaranya ume ka ha nyefee ego ihu igwe na mba 46 kacha nta mepere emepe na itinye ego na nyocha ihu igwe na mgbanwe ihu igwe site n'ịrụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu ihu igwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Vetter|first=David|date=2 November 2021|title='Oppose This Climate Slavery': A Manifesto To COP26 From A West African Climate Activist|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidrvetter/2021/11/02/oppose-this-climate-slavery-a-manifesto-to-cop26-from-a-west-african-climate-activist/|accessdate=2022-04-16|work=Forbes|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edemsibia ==
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{{Databox}}'''Khanyisile Motsa''' bụ onye ọrụ ebere n’arụ iji melite ọnọdụ ndụ maka ụmụaka nke mba South Africa.

A makwaara ya dịka '''Mam Khanyi''', o guzobere Home of Hope for Girls (HoH) na Johannesburg n’oge afọ 2002 mgbe ọ meghere ụlọ ya maka ụmụ agbọghọ na-agba ọsọ ịgba akwụna na ịzụ ahịa. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Making-a-difference/2013/0830/When-Khanyisile-Motsa-saw-girls-living-on-the-streets-she-took-them-home|title=When Khanyisile Motsa saw girls living on the streets, she took them home|date=30 August 2013|publisher=Christian Science Monitor|accessdate=18 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.biznews.com/thought-leaders/2014/11/13/meet-woman-getting-child-prostitutes-joburg-streets-must-watch|title=Meet the woman getting child prostitutes off Joburg streets|publisher=BizNews|date=13 November 2014|accessdate=18 May 2019|archivedate=18 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190518141917/https://www.biznews.com/thought-leaders/2014/11/13/meet-woman-getting-child-prostitutes-joburg-streets-must-watch}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/play-your-part-category/play-your-part-news/other-news/a-new-life-through-the-home-of-hope|title=A new life through the Home of Hope|date=18 June 2012|publisher=Brand South Africa|accessdate=18 May 2019|archivedate=14 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514182959/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/play-your-part-category/play-your-part-news/other-news/a-new-life-through-the-home-of-hope}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://joburgeastexpress.co.za/51872/yourstory-mam-kkanyisile-a-mother-to-many|title=Mam Kkanyisile a mother to many|date=29 February 2016|publisher=Joburg East Express|accessdate=18 May 2019}}/&lt;/ref&gt; HoH na-enye ebe obibi maka ụmụ agbọghọ iri asaa na ise ma nyere ọtụtụ puku aka site n'ịrụ ọrụ na Ndị uwe ojii South Africa na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jacarandafm.com/breakfast-martin-bester/good-morning-angels-home-hope-bringing-hope-girls-without-and-choices-those-none/|title=Home of Hope: Bringing hope to girls without and choices to those with none|date=8 August 2018|work=Jacaranda FM|accessdate=18 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y9eFr7txuME|title=Meet Home of Hope founder Khanyisile Motsa|date=9 February 2016|publisher=globalfund4children|accessdate=18 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://joburgeastexpress.co.za/78578/home-of-hope-receives-donation/|title=Home of Hope in Kensington receives donation|date=7 November 2017|publisher=Joburg East Express|accessdate=18 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://vimeo.com/173264655|title=Home of Hope|work=Vimeo|publisher=Martin Rutkowski|accessdate=18 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mgbe [[Trevor Noah]] malitere The Trevor Noah Foundation iji nyere aka nye ụmụ mgbei na ndị ntorobịa nọ n'ihe ize ndụ agụmakwụkwọ na nkà ndụ, ọ kpọrọ Mam Khanyi ka ọ nyekwazị aka dịka onye nnọchiteanya.

== Onyinye ==

* Nedbank Hero 2009 maka Ụlọ Obodo
* Onye mmeri nke 2010 Feather Award na Women's National Community Builder and Humanitarian category
* 2010 Shoprite/Checkers Nwaanyị nke Afọ - Ndị Ntorobịa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/play-your-part-category/play-your-part-news/tv-series/mam-khanyi-rescues-hillbrow-s-forgotten-children|title=Mam' Khanyi rescues Hillbrow's forgotten children|date=30 July 2014|publisher=Brand South Africa|accessdate=18 May 2019|archivedate=14 May 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190514194633/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/play-your-part-category/play-your-part-news/tv-series/mam-khanyi-rescues-hillbrow-s-forgotten-children}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* Ihe nrite Rotary Clubs nke Rosebank na Randburg maka Ụlọ Obodo.
* N'ememe ncheta otu narị afọ nke ndụ Nelson Mandela na 2018, The Nelson Mandela Foundation nyere Mam Khanyi dị ka otu n'ime 'Unsung Heroes' nke South Africa &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PC2MG7XzG5U&amp;t=2s|title=Mam Khanyi &amp; Vawn Corrigan at Home of Hope|date=1 December 2018|accessdate=14 May 2019|publisher=Merrythought Menagerie}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2022 Onye mmeri nke Global Citizen Prize: Citizen Award South Africa, maka mkpebi ya na mmetụta nke nzukọ ya na ndụ ihe karịrị ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụ agbọghọ 200 a napụtara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Meet Khanyisile Motsa, the Global Citizen Prize Winner Protecting Children From Gender Violence &amp; Trafficking|url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/gc-prize-2022-citizen-award-south-africa-mamkhanyi/|accessdate=2025-11-11|work=Global Citizen|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* https://web.archive.org/web/20200722215621/https://www.hopehome.org.za/
{{DEFAULTSORT:Motsa, Khanyisile}}


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      <text bytes="16589" sha1="mc0caf0u8y3m77gkraklppl489lpfmx" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ireland, onye edemede na onye mbipụta (1872–1957)}}
{{distinguish|text = [[James O'Kelly (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị)]] nke [[Irish Parliamentary Party]], nke a makwaara dị ka &quot;JJ O'Kelly&quot;}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2021}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| image         = JJ O'Kelly, circa 1918 to 1931.jpg
| caption       = O'Kelly n'afọ 1920
| office        = [[Onyeisiala Sinn Fein]]
| vicepresident = [[Mary MacSwiney]]
| term_start    = 1 Mee 1926
| term_end      = 30 Eprel 1931
| predecessor   = Ọfịs ọhụrụ
| successor     = [[Brian O'Higgins]]
| office1       = [[Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ na ntorobịa | Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ]]
| president1    = [[Éamon de Valera]]
| term_start1   = 26 Ọgọst 1921
| term_end1     = 9 Jenụwarị 1922
| predecessor1  = Ọfịs ọhụrụ
| successor1    = [[Michael Hayes (onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị) | Michael Hayes]]
| office2       = [[Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ na ndị ntorobịa | Minista maka ndị Ireland]]
| president2    = Éamon de Valera
| term_start2   = 29 Juun 1920
| term_end2     = 26 Ọgọst 1921
| predecessor2  = Ọfịs ọhụrụ
| successor2    = A kwụsịrị ọfịs
| office3       = [[Ceann Comhairle#Leas-Cheann Comhairle|Leas-Cheann Comhairle]] nke [[Dáil Éireann]]
| 1blankname3   = [[Ceann Comhairle]]
| 1namedata3    = [[Seán T. O'Kelly]]
| term_start3   = 1 Eprel 1919
| term_end3     = 26 Ọgọst 1921
| predecessor3  = Ọfịs ọhụrụ 
| successor3    = [[Brian O'Higgins]]
| office4       = [[Teachta Dála]]
| term_start4   = [[Ntuli aka izugbe nke mba Ireland nke afọ 1922|Juun 1922]]
| term_end4     = [[Ntuli aka izugbe nke mba Ireland nke afọ 1923 | Ọgọst 1923]]
| constituency4 = [[Louth–Meath]]
| term_start5   = [[Ntuli aka izugbe nke United Kingdom nke afọ 1918 na Ireland|Disemba 1918]]
| term_end5     = [[Ntuli aka izugbe nke Northern Ireland na Southern Ireland nke afọ 1921 | Mee 1921]]
| constituency5 = [[County Louth (UK Parliament constituency)|County Louth]]
| birth_name    = John Joseph O'Kelly
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1872|7|7|df=y}} 
| birth_place   = [[Valentia Island]], [[County Kerry]], Ireland
| death_date    = {{death date and age|1957|3|26|1872|6|7|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[Dublin]], Ireland
| party         = [[Sinn Féin]]
| spouse        = {{marriage|Nora O'Sullivan|1904}}
| children      = 
| alma_mater    =
|}}
'''John Joseph O'Kelly''' ({{langx|ga|Seán Ua Ceallaigh}}; a mara dị ka '''Sceilg''';&lt;ref&gt;A pen name he took which refers to the island of [[Skellig Michael|Sceilig Mhichíl]], which he could see from his childhood home on Valentia Island.&lt;/ref&gt; 7 Julaị 1872 – 26 Maachị 1957) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Ireland [[Irish Republicanism|republican]], onye edemede na onye mbipụta nke jere ozi dị ka [[Onyeisi Sinn Féin]] site na 1926 ruo 1931, [[Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ na ndị ntorobịa|Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ]] site na 1921 ruo 1922, [[Mịnịsta na-ahụ maka agụmakwụkwọ na ndị ntorobịa | Minista Irish]] site na 1920 ruo 1921 yana [[Ceann Comhairle#Leas-Cheann Comhairle|Leas-Cheann Comhairle]] nke [[Dáil Éireann]] site na 1919 ruo 1921. Ọ jere ozi dịka [[Teachta Dála]] site na 1918 ruo 1921 na 1922 ruo 1923.&lt;ref name=oireachtas_db&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Se%C3%A1n-%C3%93-Ceallaigh.D.1919-01-21/|title=Seán Ó Ceallaigh|work=Oireachtas Members Database|access-date=12 February 2012|archive-date=22 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190922145151/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Se%25C3%25A1n-%25C3%2593-Ceallaigh.D.1919-01-21/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Afọ ndị mbụ==
A mụrụ O'Kelly na Coramore, na [[Valentia Island]] n'akụkụ oké osimiri [[County Kerry]], ọ bụ nwa Patrick Kelly, onye ọrụ ugbo, na Ellen Sullivan.&lt;ref name=dib&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.dib.ie/biography/okelly-john-joseph-sceilg-ua-ceallaigh-sean-a6844|title=O'Kelly, John Joseph ('Sceilg'; Ua Ceallaigh, Seán)|work=[[Dictionary of Irish Biography]]|last=Murphy|first=Brian P.|access-date=8 January 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/details-civil/b747691144452|title=General Registrar's Office|website=IrishGenealogy.ie|access-date=26 March 2017|archive-date=22 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922223642/https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/captcha.jsp|url-status=live|accessdate=20 March 2026|archivedate=22 September 2021|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922223642/https://civilrecords.irishgenealogy.ie/churchrecords/captcha.jsp}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e dekọrọ ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya dị ka 7 Julaị 1872, ezinụlọ ya mere ya dị ka 4 Julaị.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=388|title=Ó CEALLAIGH, Seán (1872–1957)|website=ainm.ie|access-date=2017-03-26|archive-date=11 June 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170611132418/http://www.ainm.ie/Bio.aspx?ID=388|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị==
O sonyeere [[Sinn Féin]] na nzukọ mmalite ha na 5 Nọvemba 1905. Mgbe afọ 1916 [[Mmalite Ista]] gasịrị, O'Kelly sonyeere otu mba Ireland wee bụrụ onye na-echekwa ego nke &quot;Irish National Aid and Volunteers' Dependants' Fund&quot; maka enyemaka nke ndị mkpọrọ na ezinụlọ ha. Na Febụwarị 1917, e jidere ya ma chụga ya [[England]] ebe a tụrụ ya mkpọrọ n'enweghị ikpe ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ya, a họpụtara O'Kelly ka ọ bụrụ Kọmitii Oge nke otu Irish Nation League na Sinn Féin jikọtara ọhụrụ, Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, a kpọrọ ya Sinn Féin. A họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nchịkọta akụkọ nke &quot;''Akwụkwọ Ozi Katọlik''&quot; a ma ama.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_Catholic_Bulletin_and_Republican_Ireland_with_Special_Refere/9780850341089 |title=Recent book on the Bulletin |access-date=27 July 2008 |archive-date=20 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520230125/http://bookshop.blackwell.co.uk/jsp/id/The_Catholic_Bulletin_and_Republican_Ireland_with_Special_Refere/9780850341089 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; Na [[Ntuli aka izugbe nke United Kingdom nke afọ 1918 na Ireland|Ntuli aka izugbe nke afọ 1918]] a họpụtara ya ka onye Sinn Féin MP maka [[County Louth (UK Parliament constituency)|Louth]] site na vootu 255 na ihe bụ asọmpi kacha nso na Ireland na ntuli aka ahụ. Njikọta nke asọmpi ahụ bụ n'ihi otu siri ike [[Ancient Order of Hibernians|AOH]] na mpaghara ahụ nke mere mkpọsa maka onye omeiwu North Galway na-apụ apụ bụ Richard Hazleton nke [[Irish Parliament Party]]

O'Kelly were oche ya na [[Dáil Éireann]] ka [[Sinn Féin]] [[TD]] wee bụrụ [[Ceann Comhairle | Leas-Cheann Comhairle]] (onye isi oche) site na 1919 ruo 1921.&lt;ref name=elecs_irl&gt;{{cite web|url=http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?ID=1045|title=John J. O'Kelly|work=ElectionsIreland.org|access-date=12 February 2012|archive-date=20 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020074931/http://electionsireland.org//candidate.cfm?id=1045|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; A họpụtara ya [[Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ na ndị ntorobịa|Minista maka ndị Ireland]] na [[Gọọmentị nke Abụọ]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1920-06-29/16/|title=Dáil Éireann debate - Tuesday, 29 June 1920: RATIFICATION OF MINISTERS|access-date=11 September 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=31 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831140251/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1920-06-29/16/|url-status=live|accessdate=20 March 2026|archivedate=31 August 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190831140251/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1920-06-29/16/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọkwa a nke a gbasaara dịka [[Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ na ndị ntorobịa|Minista maka agụmakwụkwọ]] na Gọọmentị nke Abụọ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-25/3/|title=Dáil Éireann debate - Thursday, 25 August 1921: ALTERATION OF MINISTRY OF IRISH TO MINISTRY OF EDUCATION|access-date=11 September 2019|website=Houses of the Oireachtas|archive-date=6 September 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906142426/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-25/3/|url-status=live|accessdate=20 March 2026|archivedate=6 September 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906142426/https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1921-08-25/3/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Site na 1919 ruo 1923, ọ bụ Onyeisi nke [[Gaelic League]]. O megidere [[Nkwekọrịta Anglo-Irish]] nke Dáil kwadoro na Jenụwarị 1922, ma jụ ịnakwere izi ezi nke [[Irish Free State]] e guzobere na Disemba 1922. Ya na ndị ọzọ kwuru na [[Irish Republic]] ka dị adị nakwa na akụkụ nke Second Dáil, ndị mejupụtara ndị TD ndị na-emegide Nkwekọrịta ahụ bụ́ ndị jụrụ ịnọdụ ala n'ihe ghọrọ ndị omeiwu Free State, bụ naanị ọchịchị ziri ezi maka Ireland dum. Na Juun 1922, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye nnọchiteanya [[Nke Atọ Dáil]] maka ndị omeiwu Louth-Meath mana [[na-anapụ onwe ha ihe]] ka ọ ghara ịnọ n'oche ya. N'ọnwa Ọgọst afọ 1923, ebe ọ nọ dịka onye otu Republican maka ntuli aka Meath, e meriri ya maka oche onye na-anaghị ekwenye ekwenye na [[4th Dáil]]. E meriri ya ọzọ na ntuli aka Roscommon nke afọ 1925, nke bụ mgbalị ikpeazụ ya na ntuli aka.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Took|first=Christopher &amp; Seán Donnelly|title=&quot;Sceilg&quot; O'Kelly John Joseph (&quot;Sceilg&quot;) O'Kelly|url=http://www.electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?id=1045|publisher=ElectionsIreland.org|access-date=9 June 2012|archive-date=22 July 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722150605/http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?id=1045|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mgbe [[Éamon de Valera]] kwụsịrị arụkwaghịm dị ka onye isi ala Sinn Féin na 1926, O'Kelly, onye nọgidere na-agbaso iwu megide Dáil Éireann, a họpụtara ya n'ọnọdụ ya ma nọgide n'ọkwa a ruo 1931 mgbe [[Brian O'Higgins]] weghaara ọchịchị.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Rafter |first1=Kevin |title=Sinn Féin, 1905-2005: In the Shadow of Gunmen |date=2005 |publisher=Gill &amp; Macmillan |page=71 |isbn=9780717139927 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=klaIAAAAMAAJ |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922223616/https://books.google.com/books?id=klaIAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

O'Kelly kpọrọ [[Iwu Ireland]] nke afọ 1937 asị, na-ekwu na ọ kwadoghị nke ọma [[Irish Republicanism]] nakwa na Iwu ahụ ekwughị na [[Onyeisiala Ireland]] ga-abụ onye a mụrụ na Ireland.&lt;ref&gt;Dermot Keogh and Dr. Andrew McCarthy, ''The making of the Irish Constitution 1937: Bunreacht na hÉireann''. Mercier Press, 2007 (p.193).&lt;/ref&gt;

Sceilg bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'etiti ndị Republican nke Ireland n'ihi na o weere [[Daniel O'Connell]] na [[T.M. Healy]] dị ka ndị dike ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Nke a gosiri na ndi mmadu ahụ hụrụ mba ha n'anya (ụmụ nwoke abụọ ahụ si ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ Ireland dị nso n'ebe Sceilg mụrụ) nakwa okpukpe Katọlik nke Sceilg, nke mere ka o buliri ihe O'Connell nwetara nke [[Catholic Emancipation]] na nkwupụta Healy na ịkwa iko nke [[Charles Stewart Parnell]] na [[Katharine O'Shea]] mere ka Parnell ghara iru eru maka ọchịchị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Sceilg na-emegidekwa [[Spanish Republic]] nke ekwuputara na 1931, na-ekwenye na ọ bụ mgbochi Katọlik yana ndị [[Freemason]] pro-British na-akwado.

==Mmasị akwụkwọ==
Ọ bụ onye edemede nwere nkà n'ihe gbasara asụsụ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị Ireland, na-edezi ihe nkiri dịka 'Banba', 'The Catholic Bulletin' na 'An Camán'. Ọ bụ onye okpukperechi nke ukwuu ma na-arụsi ọrụ ike [[Katọlik]].  O'Kelly megidere ndị otu IRA na-alụso Franco ọgụ n'oge [[Agha Obodo Spen]]. Na 1938, ọ bụ otu n'ime mmadụ asaa fọdụrụ na-ekweghị ekwe [[Second Dáil]] ndị TD ndị nyefere ihe ha kwenyere na ọ bụ ikike ha dịka Gọọmentị nke Ireland Republic nye [[Kansụl Ndị Agha IRA]] (lee [[Irish Republican legitimatism]]).

Na 1938, ọ gara [[Germany]], ma mechaa bipụta echiche ya na ''Nnwere Onwe Ireland''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Independent 1957&quot;&gt;''Irish Independent'', 27 March 1957.&lt;/ref&gt;

==Mmegide Ndị Juu==
Ọtụtụ n'ime okwu na ihe odide O'Kelly nwere ihe dị mkpa gbasara [[Ndị Freemasons]] na [[Ndị Juu]].&lt;ref&gt;Joost Augusteijn(ed.), ''The Irish Revolution, 1913–1923''. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002, p. 46; David Fitzpatrick, ''The Two Irelands 1912–1939'' Oxford, 1998, p. 188.&lt;/ref&gt; Na 1916, ndị otu ndị Juu nke Ireland mere ngagharị iwe mgbe ''Akwụkwọ Ozi Katọlik'' bipụtara usoro akụkọ nke Fr. T.H. Burbage na-ebo ndị Juu ebubo na ha na-eme [[Mkpesa ọbara megide ndị Juu | ogbugbu omenala]]; O'Kelly jụrụ ịrịọ mgbaghara maka akụkọ ndị ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;[[Dermot Keogh]], ''Jews in Twentieth-century Ireland: Refugees, Anti-semitism and the Holocaust'', Cork University Press, 1998, pp. 70-1.&lt;/ref&gt; O'Kelly gosikwara ihe odide [[Denis Fahey]] megidere ndị Juu n'akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;Enda Delaney, 'Political Catholicism in Post-War Ireland', ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'', Vol. 52, No. 3, July 2001, p. 493&lt;/ref&gt;

N'afọ 1930, O'Kelly, n'okwu dịka Onyeisi Sinn Féin nye ndị otu ya, kwuru sị, &quot;N'ihe ịrịba ama nke Anti-Christ, England bụ taa anụ oriri nke ndị otu ndị Juu na-asọmpi nke na-alụ ọgụ maka ala ha.&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;The World Reacts&quot;/&gt;

Na 1939, O'Kelly kwuru okwu n'Ụlọ Nzukọ Obodo Cork ma too mmeso [[Nazi Germany|Nazi Germany]] mesoro ndị Juu, na-asị: &quot;[[Ihe isi ike nke England bụ ohere Ireland]]...o yiri m ka England na-ahọrọ ịkụ ndị Juu na Ireland, ka ọ sị kụọ [[Ndị Cromwellian]], Ndiy Orangemen...Mmadụ ole na Ireland na-egosi na [[Mgbakọ nke Versailles]] tinyere Germany...na ikiri ụkwụ ndị Juu n'olu ya...ebe uru ndị Juu tara akpụ, ndị Juu na-agba ohu ọcha na-achọ imebi ala ahụ dum.&lt;ref name=&quot;The World Reacts&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Wyman |first1=David S. |last2=Rosenzveig |first2=Charles H. |date=1996 |title=The World Reacts to the Holocaust |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U6KVOsjpP0MC&amp;pg=PA646 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |page=646 |isbn=0801849691 |access-date=29 October 2019 |archive-date=22 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210922223554/https://books.google.com/books?id=U6KVOsjpP0MC&amp;pg=PA646 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Lawson |first=Dominic |date=30 May 2006 |title=Dominic Lawson: A hard-line Marxist distortion of history |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/dominic-lawson/dominic-lawson-a-hard-line-marxist-distortion-of-history-480283.html |work=The Independent (UK) |access-date=28 October 2019 |archive-date=28 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028214530/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/dominic-lawson/dominic-lawson-a-hard-line-marxist-distortion-of-history-480283.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Ọnwụ==
O'Kelly nwụrụ n'ụlọọgwụ [[Our Lady's Hospice|Our Lady's Hospice, Harold's Cross]], na 26 Maachị 1957, e liri ya na [[Glasnevin Cemetery]] na 28 Maachị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Irish Independent 1957&quot;/&gt;

==Ndekọ Akwụkwọ==
* ''[[Cathal Brugha]]'', 1942
* ''Taistealuidheacht, nó Cúrsa na Cruinne'' (&quot;Travelling, or A World Tour&quot;), 1931
* ''Spelling Made Easy'', 1946
* ''A Trinity of Martyrs'' (biographies of [[Terence McSwiney]], Cathal Brugha and [[Austin Stack]]), 1947
* ''Ireland's Spiritual Empire: Saint Patrick as a World Figure'', 1952

==Edensibia==
{{Reflist}}

==Gụkwụọ==
*Dr. Brian P. Murphy, ''The Catholic Bulletin and Republican Ireland 1898–1926: with special reference to J. J. O'Kelly'' (Athol Books: Belfast, 2005)
*&quot;County Louth: the Irish political revolution and the 1918 general election&quot; by Oisín S. Kelly (MA thesis, 2006, UCD)

==Njikọ mpụga==


{{DEFAULTSORT:Okelly, John J.}}
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| name                = Karin Kock-Lindberg
| image               = Karin Kock.jpg
| width               = 
| caption             = Karin Kock-Lindberg at a [[United Nations|UN]] meeting in [[Geneva]], ca 1947.
| office              = [[Minister of Supply (Sweden)|Minister of Supply]]
| term_start          = 1948
| term_end            = 1949
| predecessor         = [[Gunnar Sträng]]
| successor           = John Ericsson
| constituency        = 
| majority            = 
| birth_date          = {{Birth date|1891|7|2|df=yes}}
| birth_place         = [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| death_date          = {{Death date and age|1976|7|28|1891|7|2|df=yes}}
| death_place         = [[Stockholm]], Sweden
| party               = [[Swedish Social Democratic Party|Social Democrats]]
| signature           = 
}}

'''Karin '''Kock'''-Lindberg''' (née Kock; 2 Julaị 1891 - 28 Julaị 1976) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Sweden (Social Democrats) nakwa prọfesọ akụ na ụba. Na 1947, ọ ghọrọ nwanyị mbụ nọ n'ọkwa minista na Sweden .&lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Karin Kock|url=http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinn/portaler/arbete/biografier/kock.xml|work=Kvinnor i arbete|publisher=[[University of Gothenburg]]|accessdate=21 November 2011|language=sv|archivedate=24 March 2019|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190324225431/http://www.ub.gu.se/kvinn/portaler/arbete/biografier/kock.xml}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;. ''Kvinnor i arbete'' (in Swedish). [[University of Gothenburg]]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 November&lt;/span&gt; 2011&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;
[[Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|author=Hanna Bäck|editor=Keith Dowding|title=The Selection of Ministers in Europe. Hiring and Firing|date=2008|publisher=Routledge|location=London|isbn=978-0415430814|edition=1st|url=https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203886908|chapter=In tranquil waters: Swedish cabinet ministers in the postwar era|doi=10.4324/9780203886908}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụkwa nwanyị mbụ prọfesọ nke akụ na ụba na Sweden.&lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot; /&gt; A maara Karin Kock dị ka Karin Kocks-Lindberg mgbe ọ lụsịrị ọkàiwu Hugo Linberg na 1936.

== Akụkọ ndụ ==
A mụrụ Karin Kock na Stockholm, ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na London School of Economics na Mahadum Stockholm. . &lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ onye nkuzi na Mahadum Stockholm n'afọ 1933-1938, a họpụtakwara ya prọfesọ nke akụnụba a 1945, mgbe ọ rụchara ọrụ dị ka nke a ruo ọtụtụ afọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot; /&gt;

O bipụtara ọtụtụ akwụkwọ na akụ na ụba, nka ya bụ nsogbu akwụmụgwọ na azụmaahịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ISR&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Ohlsson|first=Ingvar|title=Karin Kock, 1891-1976|journal=International Statistical Review / Revue Internationale de Statistique|year=1977|volume=45|issue=1|pages=109|issn=0306-7734}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọrụ asụsụ Bekee ya gụnyere akwụkwọ edemede doctoral ya A Study of Interest Rates (1929) na International Trade and the GATT (1969), yana The National Income of Sweden 1861-1930 (1937) nke ya na ndị ọkà mmụta akụ na ụba abụọ ndị ọzọ dere.&lt;ref name=&quot;ISR&quot; /&gt;

E nyere Karin Kock ọtụtụ ọrụ gọọmentị, dịka onye ndụmọdụ akụ na ụba na Women's Workers Association na 1936 na onye nnọchi anya gọọmentị na Mgbakọ Ndị Ọrụ Mba Nile na Paris na 1945.&lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ onye otu Kọmitii maka Nnukwu Nnọchiteanya Ụmụ nwanyị, nke e guzobere na 1937 iji mụbaa nnọchiteanya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka minista na-enweghị aụjụ gbasara akụ na ụba na 1947-1948 na dị ka minisita na-ahụ maka ihe oriri na 1948-1949.&lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot; /&gt;

Mgbe e wepụrụ Ministry of Supply na 1950, Karin Kock ghọrọ onye nduzi nke Statistics Sweden. &lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot;/&gt; Ọ bụ onye isi ụlọ ọrụ ahụ site na 1950 ruo 1957. &lt;ref name=&quot;ISR&quot;/&gt; N'afọ 1953 na 1954 ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Swedish Statistical Society . &lt;ref name=&quot;ISR&quot; /&gt; Ọ ghọrọ onye otu American Statistical Association na 1956  na onye otu International Statistical Institute na 1958. &lt;ref name=&quot;ISR&quot; /&gt;

Dịka onyeisi ndị nnọchiteanya Sweden na Kọmitii Akụ na ụba nke Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu maka Yuropu, ọ rụrụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ dị ka onyeisi oche nke nnọkọ nzukọ ha na Geneva.&lt;ref name=&quot;ISR&quot;/&gt;

Karin Kock bụkwa onye isi oche nke Akademiskt bildade kvinnors förening (The Association of Female Academicians) site na 1926 ruo 1933 na osote onye isi oche ke International Federation of University Women. &lt;ref name=&quot;GU&quot;/&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Olivia Nordgren
* Kerstin Hesselgren

== Edensibia ==

* ''Ilekwasị anya na uppslagsbok'' Stockholm
* Media Familjelexikon 7 Kat-Lat Bonniers, Verona (1981) 
{{Reflist}}

== Ịgụ ihe ọzọ ==

* Kain Kock-LindbergnaNdị na-ahụ maka ndụ</text>
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    <title>Jeremiah Olaleke</title>
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      <text bytes="3640" sha1="lm7v2lxu1w94ilwenz8mbmw81ks0vf7" xml:space="preserve">'''Jeremiah Olawaseyi Olaleke''' (amụrụ na 20 Febụwarị 2006) bụ onye Naijiria na-agba bọọlụ nke na-agbachitere 1.  Klọb NL Sesvete.

== Ọrụ klọb ==
N'ọnwa Juun afọ 2024, ndị otu Germany bụ Bayern Munich kpọrọ Olaleke ka ọ bụrụ akụkụ nke World Squad, na-anọchite anya klọb ahụ na egwuregwu enyi na enyi mba ụwa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://myleaguewire.com/2024/06/03/nigerian-youngster-from-ablaze-academy-olaleke-jeremiah-makes-fc-bayern-world-season-four-squad/|title=Nigerian Youngster From Ablaze Academy Olaleke Jeremiah Makes FC Bayern World Season Four Squad|first=Amos|author=Joseph|date=3 June 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024|work=myleaguewire.com|archivedate=2 December 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20241202210204/https://myleaguewire.com/2024/06/03/nigerian-youngster-from-ablaze-academy-olaleke-jeremiah-makes-fc-bayern-world-season-four-squad/}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, ọ si na Ablaze Football Academy na [[Ikorodu]] kwaga Croatian 1.  NL klọb Sesvete . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://myleaguewire.com/2024/09/14/nigerian-youngster-jeremiah-olaleke-moves-to-croatian-club-nk-sesvete/|title=Nigerian Youngster Jeremiah Olaleke Moves to Croatian Club NK Sesvete|date=14 September 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024|work=myleaguewire.com|archivedate=14 September 2024|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914101328/https://myleaguewire.com/2024/09/14/nigerian-youngster-jeremiah-olaleke-moves-to-croatian-club-nk-sesvete/}}&lt;/ref&gt; O mere nke mbụ ya maka otu ahụ na 5 Ọktoba 2024, malite na mmeri 2-0 na Rudeš.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://sportnet.hr/vijesti/602617/nogomet-prva-nl/jovanovicevi-golovi-i-obrane-kralja-donijeli-pobjedu-rudesu/|title=Jovanovićevi golovi i obrane Kralja donijeli pobjedu Rudešu|first=Petar|author=Jenjić|date=5 October 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024|work=sportnet.hr|language=hr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ mba ụwa ==
Akpọrọ Olaleke ka ọ bịa n'akụkụ Nigeria Under-17 maka ntozu asọmpi 2023 Africa U-17 (nke a maara dị ka 2022 WAFU-B U17), a kpọkwara ya na otu egwuregwu ahụ mgbe Nigeria meriri Burkina Faso n'ikpeazụ. Na 2023 U-17 Africa Cup of Nations, n'agbanyeghị na a chụpụrụ ya na nkeji iri na ise, Onye Nigeria Kenneth Omeruo nyere Olaleke penariti.

== Ụdị egwuregwu ==
N'ịbụ onye ebe nrụọrụ weebụ bọọlụ Ịtali ''Calciomercato'' kọwara dị ka &quot;onye na-agbachitere ngwa ngwa, ngwa ngwa ma sie ike n'ụzọ anụ ahụ&quot;, ọ nwetala ntụnyere na onye na-agba ọsọ mba Brazil bụ Gleison Bremer.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.calciomercato.it/2024/09/13/dallinter-alla-juve-fino-al-barcellona-tutti-pazzi-per-olaleke-il-bremer-nigeriano/|title=Dall’Inter alla Juve fino al Barcellona, tutti pazzi per Olaleke il ‘Bremer nigeriano’|first=Raffaele|author=Amato|date=13 September 2024|accessdate=11 October 2024|work=calciomercato.it|language=it}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndekọ ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|+Egwuregwu na ihe mgbaru ọsọ site na klọb, oge na asọmpi
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Klọb
! rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Oge
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Njikọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Iko
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ndị ọzọ
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; |Ngụkọta
|-
!Nkewa
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
!Ngwaọrụ
!Ihe mgbaru ọsọ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |Sesvete
|2024–25
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |1. NL
|7
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|7
|0
|-
|2025–26
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2
|0
|-
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |Ọrụ ya niile
!9
!0
!0
!0
!0
!0
!9
!0
|}

== Edensibia ==

[[Otú:Mmadụ ndi di ndụ]]</text>
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    <title>Joan Ehrenfeld</title>
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'''Joan Gardner Ehrenfeld''' (1948 - 2011) bụ onye sayensị gburugburu ebe obibi nke America bụbu prọfesọ na Mahadum Rutgers . Nnyocha ya weere ụdị na-awakpo na gburugburu ebe obibi. A họpụtara ya dịka Fellow nke American Association for the Advancement of Science n'afọ 2000.

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Ehrenfeld n’obodo New York City &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Joan Gardner Ehrenfeld |url=https://worldcat.org/en/title/4779691125 |website=Marquis Who's Who}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nne ya bụ onye na-akpọ violin, ma ọ gbara Ehrenfeld ume ka ọ chọọ ọrụ n’ime sayensị &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ehrenfeld, Joan {{!}} Rutgers Women in Science |url=https://wisem.rutgers.edu/ehrenfeld-joan |access-date=2022-10-17 |website=wisem.rutgers.edu |archive-date=2023-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131025542/https://wisem.rutgers.edu/ehrenfeld-joan |url-status=bot: unknown |accessdate=2026-07-20 |archivedate=2023-01-31 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230131025542/https://wisem.rutgers.edu/ehrenfeld-joan }}.&lt;/ref&gt;. Ehrenfeld kwuru na ọ na-echeta ịgụ akwụkwọ Paul de Kruif Microbe Hunters mgbe ọ bụ nwata&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;. Mgbe ọ bụ nwa agbọghọ, National Science Foundation họpụtara ya ka ọ rụọ ọrụ oge okpomọkụ n’ụlọ nyocha Donald Ritchie dị na Barnard College&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal |title=Joan G. Ehrenfeld: A commemoration by her family 1948–2011 |journal=Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America|doi=10.1890/0012-9623-92.4.320 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; .Ọ laghachiri na Barnard College maka agụmakwụkwọ mahadum, ebe ọ bụ ọkachamara na bayoloji.  Ọ mechakwara mmemme n'oge okpomọkụ na Mahadum Colorado State, wee nọrọ oge na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ nyocha ihe ọmụmụ ihe omimi.Ehrenfeld gara na Mahadum Harvard, ebe ọ nwetara nzere masta na 1970. Ọ bụ onye nyocha doctoral na Mahadum City nke New York , ebe ọ mụtara mmekọrịta dị n'etiti Euphorbia.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite thesis |last1=Ehrenfeld |first1=Joan Gardner |date=1975 |title=Ecological interactions among three species of Euphorbia and their insect visitors in the American southwest |url=https://www.proquest.com/openview/b86538edd65dd8fbcf48d12dba4003d1/1 }}{{pn|date=August 2023}}{{psc|date=August 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nnyocha na ọrụ ==
Na 1976, a họpụtara Ehrenfeld na ngalaba nke Center for Coastal and Environmental na Mahadum Rutgers.  Emere ya onye isi na New Jersey Water Resources Research Institute n'afọ 1990. Ehrenfeld rụrụ ọrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ala mmiri ma nwee mmasị karịsịa na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụdị dị iche iche na ọrịa mmadụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=A Dose of Diversity|url=https://www.nwf.org/Home/Magazines/National-Wildlife/2010/A-Dose-of-Diversity|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=National Wildlife Federation|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ mụrụ nke ọma gbasara mgbasa nke nje West Nile.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

Ehrenfeld nyochara otú ''Berberis thunbergii'' (Japanese barberry) si emetụta usoro ala na micro-organisms.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Barberry War: To plant or destroy? That is the question. - DIG IT! Magazine|url=http://www.dig-itmag.com/features/print/413_0_8_0/|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=www.dig-itmag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ chọpụtara na anụ ahụ barberry dị elu na nitrogen-ọgaranya akaloids, nke na-akpata mfu nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ala dị nso n'ihi oke nitrogen cycling. Ka barberry na-amalite ire ure, ọkwa nitrate n'ala dị nso na-amalite ịbawanye, na-eme ka ebe ndị ahụ nwee ike ịnwe ahịhịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; Ehrenfeld wepụrụ barberry na Ogige Ntụrụndụ nke Mba Morristown ma gbalịa iweghachi osisi ndị a mụrụ (spice-bush na witch-hazel). Osisi ndị a enweghị ike ịdị ndụ, ebe ọ bụ na barberry agbanweela ala n'onwe ya. O gosipụtara na ọ bụ naanị otu osisi nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị egwu na gburugburu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;

N'afọ 2012, Ecological Society of America malitere ihe nrite Ehrenfeld iji mee emume maka onyinye ya na gburugburu ebe obibi obodo. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ehrenfeld Award – Urban Ecosystem Ecology|url=https://www.esa.org/urbanecology/ehrenfeld-award/|accessdate=2022-10-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=llester|date=July 18, 2013|title=Call for nominations! Joan Ehrenfeld Award for Best Student Presentation in Urban Ecology|url=https://www.esa.org/esablog/2013/07/18/call-for-nominations-joan-ehrenfeld-award-for-best-student-presentation-in-urban-ecology/|accessdate=2022-10-17|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2019, Nzukọ New York-New Jersey Trail guzobere onyinye Joan Ehrenfeld maka Nlekọta Nlekọta.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Weir|first=Georgette|date=2016-10-21|title=Awards and Honorees|url=https://www.nynjtc.org/PastAwardees|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=New York - New Jersey Trail Conference|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Akwụkwọ ndị a họọrọ ==

*{{Cite Q|Q56095783}}
*{{Cite Q|Q55870644}}
*{{Cite Q|Q55845423}}

== Ihe nrite na nsọpụrụ ==

* 1999 Cook College Academic Professional Excellence Award for Academic Innovation and Creativity  
* 2000 A họpụtara ya dịka Fellow nke American Association for the Advancement of Science 
* 2003 Research Excellence and Impact Award  
* Kọmitii ndụmọdụ sayensị nke United States Environmental Protection Agency &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources|url=https://deenr.rutgers.edu/JEhrenfeld_Article_Apr_2011.html|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=deenr.rutgers.edu|archivedate=2022-10-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20221017211446/https://deenr.rutgers.edu/JEhrenfeld_Article_Apr_2011.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010 A họpụtara ya dịka Fellow nke Society of Wetland Scientists 
* 2011 Research Excellence Award site na School of Environmental and Biological Sciences &lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ehrenfeld nwere ụmụ anọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Staff|first=NJJN|title=Joan G. Ehrenfeld|url=http://njjewishnews.timesofisrael.com/joan-g-ehrenfeld/|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=njjewishnews.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; Di ya, David Ehrenfeld, bụ prọfesọ nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na Mahadum Rutgers. N'afọ 2010, a chọpụtara na ọ na-arịa ọrịa leukemia. Ọ bụ onye nyocha maka Swarthmore College . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2014-07-08|title=Examiner Reflections|url=https://www.swarthmore.edu/honors-program/examiner-reflections|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=www.swarthmore.edu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ onye Juu Ọtọdọks, &lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; ma nyefee ngwụsị izu ya na egwu na ndị ukwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Brotman|first=Barbara|date=2026-05-12|title=A British spy, a notorious murderer, the Indiana Jones of the insect world, and a very Jewish history|url=https://forward.com/culture/824284/to-life-joel-greenberg-jews-exploring-nature-nathan-leopold/|accessdate=2026-05-12|work=The Forward|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ehrenfeld nwụrụ na June 25, 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celebrated Ecologist Joan G. Ehrenfeld Dies at 63 {{!}} American Association for the Advancement of Science|url=https://www.aaas.org/news/celebrated-ecologist-joan-g-ehrenfeld-dies-63|accessdate=2022-10-17|work=www.aaas.org|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Articles with hCards]]</text>
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    <title>Iziaq Adekunle Salako</title>
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&lt;templatestyles src=&quot;Module:Infobox/styles.css&quot;&gt;&lt;/templatestyles&gt;{{Infobox officeholder
| title               = Honorable Minister
| image               = 
| caption             = 
| office              = Minister of State for Health and Social Welfare
| term_start          = October 23, 2024
| preceded            = [[Tunji Alausa]]
| president           = [[Bola Tinubu]]
| office1             = Honourable Minister of State for Environment
| termstart1          = August 21, 2023
| termend1            = October 23, 2024
| office2             = Honorable Commissioner for Agriculture, Housing and Health Ogun State
| termend2            = 2011
| termstart2          = 2007
| birth_date          = {{birth date and age|1967|8|9|df=y}}
| birth_place         = Ayetoro Yewa North, [[Ogun State]]
| death_date          = 
| birth_name          = Iziaq Adekunle Adeboye Salako
| alma_mater          = [[University of Lagos]]
| occupation          = {{hlist|Politician|medical practitioner}}
}}
'''Iziaq Adekunle Salako''' (amụrụ n'abalị itoolu n'ọnwa Ọgọstụ n'afọ 1967) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Naijiria na onye na-ahụ maka ahụike na ọdịmma ọha na eze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-08-03|title=Meet Ogun State Minister-Designate From Ogun West: Dr Iziaq Kunle Adeboye SALAKO - Yewa People Development Council|url=https://yewapdc.com/meet-ogun-state-minister-designate-from-ogun-west-dr-iziaq-kunle-adeboye-salako/|accessdate=2024-11-07|language=en-US|archivedate=2025-01-25|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20250125061142/https://yewapdc.com/meet-ogun-state-minister-designate-from-ogun-west-dr-iziaq-kunle-adeboye-salako/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Anyanwu|first=Samuel|date=2024-11-05|title=Dr. Alausa handover to new Minister of State, Health|url=https://fmino.gov.ng/dr-alausa-handover-to-new-minister-of-state-health/#:~:text=Signing%20of%20Handover%20Notes%20by,Permanent%20Secretary%20Kachollom%20Daju%20mni|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mbido ndụ na agụmakwụkwọ ==
A mụrụ Salako n'ezinụlọ Alhaji Yunus Akande Salako na Ayetoro, [[Yewa North]], Ogun Steeti. 

Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ praịmarị ya na United Primary School, Ayetoro wee gaa Abeokuta Grammar School maka agụmakwụkwọ sekọndrị ya. O nwere nzere MBBS na [[University of Lagos|Mahadum Lagos]] na Master of Public Health na [[Mahadum nke Ȯra Lagos|Mahadum Lagos State]]. A kọrọ na ọ na-agụ akwụkwọ PhD na Ahụike Ọha, ọkachamara na Amụma Ahụike na Njikwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Minister of State|url=http://environment.gov.ng/minister-of-state/|accessdate=2024-05-29|work=environment.gov.ng}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|date=2023-08-17|title=10 things to know about Minister of State, Environment and Ecological Management, Dr. Iziaq Salako|url=https://healthwise.punchng.com/10-things-to-know-about-minister-of-state-environment-and-ecological-management-dr-iziaq-salako/|accessdate=2025-08-17|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọrụ ==
Ọ bụ onye colposcopist na sonologist.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://firstnewsonline.ng/profile-meet-president-tinubus-ogun-west-minister-designate-dr-salako|title=Profile: Meet President Tinubu's Ogun West Minister-designate, Dr Salako|date=2023-08-05|accessdate=2024-09-20|archivedate=2024-06-17|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240617040617/https://firstnewsonline.ng/profile-meet-president-tinubus-ogun-west-minister-designate-dr-salako}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ rụrụ ọrụ na Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Onitsha General Hospital, Ebonyi State, St. Raphel Hospital, Lagos, Mucas Hospital, Lagos na Lagos State Health Service Commission, ebe o ruru ọkwa Senior Medical Officer tupu ọ pụọ ịchụso ọrụ ndị ọzọ. &lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-08-03|title=Tinubu's Ministerial Nominee: Who's Dr. Kunle Salako?|url=https://razortimes.online/tinubus-ministerial-nominee-whos-dr-kunle-salako/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240529142509/https://razortimes.online/tinubus-ministerial-nominee-whos-dr-kunle-salako/|archivedate=May 29, 2024|accessdate=2024-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ọrụ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ===
Ọ rụrụ ọrụ dị ka Kọmishọna Ogun Steeti maka Ọrụ Ugbo, Ụlọ na Ahụike n'etiti afọ 2007 n'afọ 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|author=Media|first=Penpushing|date=2023-08-11|title=Dr. Isiaq Adekunle Salako: An Ogun State Export Noted for Excellent Performance|url=https://penpushing.com.ng/dr-isiaq-adekunle-salako-an-ogun-state-export-noted-for-excellent-performance/|accessdate=2024-05-26|work=PENPUSHING}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'afọ 2020, a họpụtara ya dị ka Onye isi oche nke Ogun State Hospitals Management Board ma kpọọ ya onye isi oche gọọmentị kachasị mma na steeti ahụ n'afọ 2021 site na Gateway News Magazine.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; N'ọnwa Ọgọstụ afọ 2023, Onye isi ala [[Bola Tinubu|Bola Ahmed Tinubu]] họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye minista ma na-esote nyocha nke ọma nke Senate Naịjirịa, a họpụtara ya dị ka Minista nke Steeti maka Gburugburu Ebe Obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://environment.gov.ng/minister-of-state/|title=Home|accessdate=2024-09-20}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[http://environment.gov.ng/minister-of-state/ &quot;Home&quot;]&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;2024-09-20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://nigeriaparkservice.gov.ng/2024/02/10/the-honourable-minister-of-state-for-environment-dr-iziaq-kunle-salako-and-the-conservator-general-of-the-service-dr-ibrahim-musa-goni-at-the-mini-park/|title=The Honourable Minister of State for Environment, Dr. Iziaq Kunle Salako and the Conservator-General of the Service, Dr. Ibrahim Musa Goni at the Mini Park|date=2024-02-10|accessdate=2024-09-20}}&lt;/ref&gt;

N'abalị iri abụọ na atọ n'ọnwa Ọktoba n'afọ 2024, mgbe nzukọ nke Federal Executive Council (FEC) gasịrị, Onye isi ala Bola Tinubu weghachiri Salako dị ka Minista nke Steeti maka Ahụike na Ọdịmma Ọha.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|author=Reporters|first=Our|date=2024-10-23|title=Private sector, opposition split as Tinubu reshuffles cabinet|url=https://punchng.com/private-sector-opposition-split-as-tinubu-reshuffles-cabinet/?amp|accessdate=2024-11-07|work=[[The Punch]]|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndụ onwe onye ==
Ọ lụrụ Dr Risquat Oluremi Salako, onye na-ahụ maka ahụike ọha na eze ma ha mụrụ ụmụ atọ. Ọ bụ onye Alakụba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Management Team – Department of Climate Change|url=https://climatechange.gov.ng/management-team/|accessdate=2024-05-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
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'''Lake Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System''' bụ ala mmiri dị na mpaghara Mbarara 60 kilomita site n'obodo Mbarara dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ [[Uganda]], na East Africa, n'ókè [[Tanzania]] na [[Rwanda]]. Usoro ahụ gụnyere ọdọ mmiri ise dị na Ogige Ntụrụndụ Lake Mburo, gụnyere Mburo bụ nke kachasị ukwuu, Kigambira, Mutukula, Kazuma, na Bwara na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ-ọwụwa anyanwụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;


Ọ bụ ebe a na-enweta mmiri maka ojiji ụlọ, anụ ọhịa, na anụ ụlọ. Ọ bụkwa ebe a na-enweta nri gụnyere azụ, na-enye ebe a na-ata ahịhịa maka ìgwè ehi, yana ihe eji eme aka ọrụ, nkata, na ikpo ahịhịa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Ebe ==
Lake Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System na-ekpuchi ebe dị hekta 26,834 (66,310 acres) ma dị na nhazi 00°40'S 30°57'E.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2006-09-15|title=Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1634|accessdate=2023-06-12|work=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1634 &quot;Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System&quot;]. ''Ramsar Sites Information Service''. 15 September 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro ahụ dịkwa na njikọ nke mpaghara abụọ: mpaghara mosaic nke Lae Victoria na mpaghara Guinea-Congolian biogeographic. &lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System|url=https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/|accessdate=2023-06-12|work=Africa Safaris {{!}} Shanrod Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/ &quot;Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System&quot;]. ''Africa Safaris | Shanrod Africa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ma ala mmiri na-adịgide adịgide na nke oge gbara usoro a gburugburu.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt;

Enwere ike ịbanye na Lake Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System site n'okporo ụzọ site na Kampala. Ọzọkwa site na ikuku site na Entebbe ruo n'ọdụ ụgbọ elu Mbarara, soro otu awa na-akwọ ụgbọala gaa n'ogige ntụrụndụ mba.&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakivale, Lake Mburo National Park|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-nakivale-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-nakivale-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Nakivale, Lake Mburo National Park&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System|url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/902978|accessdate=2024-06-30|work=Protected Planet}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Buffaloes_at_the_Lake_Mburo_National_Park.jpg|alt=Buffaloes at the Lake Mburo National Park.jpg|thumb|Buffaloes na Lake Mburo -Nakivale National Park]]

== Nkọwa ==
Nkume ndị dị n'oge ochie tupu oge Cambrian dị n'okpuru usoro ala mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Mburo. Nkume ndị ahụ bụ granitized kpamkpam ma na-amịkọrọ mmiri, a na-ekesa ha mgbe niile dị ka eriri dị gịrịgịrị n'ofe usoro ahụ. Ọzọkwa, ala ferrallitic jupụtara na sistemụ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Byaruhanga|first=Achilles|date=2005-09-22|title=Lake Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System Ramsar Information Sheet (RIS)|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/RISapp/files/RISrep/UG1634RIS.pdf|journal=Ramsar Bureau.|accessdate=2024-06-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Lake Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System dị oke mkpa nye ndị obodo, Uganda n'ozuzu ya, na ndị mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2006-09-15|title=Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System|url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1634|accessdate=2023-06-12|work=Ramsar Sites Information Service}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1634 &quot;Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System&quot;]. ''Ramsar Sites Information Service''. 15 September 2006&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Usoro a na-enye ebe mgbaba maka ndị ọkachamara 22 nke nnụnụ ala mmiri (13 ụdị bụ Palaearctic na 9 ụdị bụ Afro-tropical) n'oge ọnọdụ ọjọọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System|url=https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/|accessdate=2023-06-12|work=Africa Safaris {{!}} Shanrod Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/ &quot;Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System&quot;]. ''Africa Safaris | Shanrod Africa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Nakivale, Lake Mburo National Park|url=https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-nakivale-lake-mburo.html|accessdate=2024-06-21|work=Inside Lake Mburo National Park|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.insidelakemburonationalpark.com/lake-nakivale-lake-mburo.html &quot;Lake Nakivale, Lake Mburo National Park&quot;]. ''Inside Lake Mburo National Park''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;21 June&lt;/span&gt; 2024&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ihe omume n'aa mmiri ==
A na-eji usoro ala mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Mburo–Nakivali eme ihe maka ebumnuche akụ na ụba na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, gụnyere mmiri maka nri ụlọ, anụ ọhịa, na anụ ụlọ; ebe ịta nri maka ìgwè ehi n'oge ọkọchị; na iji anụ ụlọ na anụ ọhịa. O nwekwara ihe eji arụ ọrụ nka na ikpo ahịhịa, a na-ejikwa ya eme ihe dị ka isi ihe maka nnyocha sayensị na njem nlegharị anya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System|url=https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/|accessdate=2023-06-12|work=Africa Safaris {{!}} Shanrod Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/ &quot;Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System&quot;]. ''Africa Safaris | Shanrod Africa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Egwu ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Mburo-Nakivali Wetland System nọ n'ihe ize ndụ site na igbubiga azụ, ịchụ nta, na mbibi ebe obibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System|url=https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/|accessdate=2023-06-12|work=Africa Safaris {{!}} Shanrod Africa|language=en-US}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://www.africa-wilderness-safaris.com/uganda/lake-mburo-nakivali-wetland-system/ &quot;Lake Mburo–Nakivali Wetland System&quot;]. ''Africa Safaris | Shanrod Africa''&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;. Retrieved &lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;12 June&lt;/span&gt; 2023&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Usoro ala mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Nabugabo
* Ọdọ Mmiri George (Uganda) 

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'''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina,''' nke a makwaara dịka '''Ọdọ Mmiri Salisbury''' na '''Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia,''' bụ ọdọ mmiri dị ọhụrụ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda. Ọ bụ ọdọ mmiri satịlaịtị nke Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga, nke ọ na-asọba n'ime ya, ma ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, ala mmiri papyrus jikọtara ha abụọ kpọmkwem.&lt;ref name=&quot;Green2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Green, J.|year=2009|chapter=The Kyoga Catchment|pages=205–214|editor=H.J. Dumont|title=The Nile|series=Monographiae Biologicae|publisher=Springer Science + Business Media B.V|isbn=978-1-4020-9725-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; N'oge mmiri ozuzo na-ezo nke ukwuu, Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina nwere ike ịdị omimi ruo mita isii (ụkwụ iri abụọ) ma na-ejikọkarị ya na obere ọdọ mmiri Opeta, mana n'oge ọkọchị, ha abụọ kewapụrụ onwe ha nke ọma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Mbabazi, D.|year=2009|chapter=Rapid assessment of the fish biodiversity of the Mburo-Nakivali wetland systems and Opeta-Bisina wetland systems, Uganda|pages=75–84|editor=M.O. Opige|title=Ecological baseline surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali wetlands systems|publisher=Kampala, Uganda, Nature Uganda}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Nchekwa na gburugburu ebe obibi ==
Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina bụ otu n'ime 33 dị mkpa na Uganda, ebe kemgbe afọ 2006, ọ bụ ebe mmiri Ramsar dị mkpa maka mba ụwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ramsar 12&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|author=Ramsar Convention on Wetlands|title=The Annotated Ramsar List: Uganda|url=http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|accessdate=28 June 2012|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130107023855/http://www.ramsar.org/cda/en/ramsar-pubs-notes-annotated-ramsar-15873/main/ramsar/1-30-168%5E15873_4000_0__|archivedate=7 January 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị mkpa maka azụ, ọkachasị ọtụtụ cichlids dị ka haplochromine ''Haplochromis orthostoma'',&lt;ref&gt;{{FishBase| genus=Haplochromis | species=orthostoma | month=September | year=2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''H. argenteus'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. latifasciatus'', ''H. lividus'', ''H. martini'' (o yiri ka ọ pụwala n'ebe dị iche iche dị na Lake Victoria), ''H. maxillaris'', ''H. nubilus'', ''[[Haplochromis parvidens|H. parvidens]]'', ''H. phytophagus'' na ọtụtụ ụdị anụmanụ ndị a na-akọwaghị.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=Wanda, F.|year=2011|title=Herbivory of Hydrilla verticillata by Cichlid Fish in Lake Bisina, Uganda|journal=Journal of East African Natural History|volume=100|issue=1&amp;2|pages=113–121}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọ bụ ezie na e webatara perch Naịl n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na mbido afọ 1970, nnyocha ndị e mere n'oge na-adịbeghị anya achọpụtabeghị ụdị a, nke a metụtara mbibi nke ọtụtụ haplochromine cichlids n'ebe ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt; E webatara ụfọdụ ụdị tilapia n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina, ha ka dịkwa, tinyere ụdị ndị a na-akpọ Singida na Victoria tilapias.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wanda2011&quot; /&gt; Ụdị azụ ndị ọzọ a ma ama nke dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gụnyere azụ̀ azụ̀ e ji nkume rụọ, na ụdị azụ̀ dị iche iche catfish, African tetras na elephantfish.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mbabazi2009&quot; /&gt;
[[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia along Soroti Mbale Highway,|thumb|'''Lake Bisinia n'akụkụ Soroti Mbale Highway''']]
Nnyocha e mere n'ime osisi mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina gosiri ụdị osisi mmiri dị n'ime akwara iri na ise tinyere Chara spp. (algae akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ dị iche iche). Otu nnyocha ahụ sere ụkpụrụ osisi mmiri n'ofe ọdọ mmiri ahụ ma kọọ akụkọ gbasara obodo osisi ndị metụtara omimi na nhazi mmiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{FishBase| genus=Haplochromis | species=orthostoma | month=September | year=2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ala mmiri dị n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina na-akwado nnụnụ mmiri pụrụ iche. Nnyocha Nature Uganda na-egosi ọrụ ịzụlite ụmụ anụmanụ na mkpa nchekwa nke papyrus na ebe obibi mmiri mmiri jupụtara n'oge dị na mmiri Bisina. Akụkọ nnyocha ezubere iche na-egosi na Fox's Weaver (Ploceus spekeoides) bụ ụdị anụmanụ a na-anaghị ahụkarị n'ọhịa nke jikọtara ya na ala mmiri mmiri na-ezo n'oge na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Uganda, gụnyere ebe mmiri na nsọtụ ọdọ mmiri Bisina.&lt;ref name=&quot;FoxWeaver2019&quot;&gt;{{cite report |title=Fox’s Weaver Survey Report (2019) |publisher=NatureUganda |year=2019 |url=https://natureuganda.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Foxs-Weaver-Survey-Report-2019.pdf
 |access-date=2025-12-18 |page=2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Akụkọ mmalite nke Nature Uganda na-egosi nrụgide sitere na ịkọ ihe, ịta ahịhịa, mgbanwe ala mmiri na nsị mmiri dị ka ihe egwu dị mkpa nye ọrụ ala mmiri na ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na sistemụ ala mmiri Bisina-Opeta.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009plants&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last=Odull |first=Michael Opige |last2=Byaruhanga |first2=Achilles |title=Ecological Baseline Surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali Wetlands Systems |publisher=NatureUganda (The East Africa Natural History Society) |year=2009 |url=https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download |access-date=2025-12-18 |page=68}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akụkọ ubi ndị lekwasịrị anya n'ụdị anụmanụ na-egosikwa na e nwere mfu na mgbanwe ebe obibi n'ala mmiri mmiri nke mmiri na-ezo n'oge dị ka ihe iyi egwu dị mkpa maka nnụnụ mmiri ndị a na-amaghị ama nke e dekọrọ n'ime nnukwu ọdọ mmiri nke ọdọ mmiri Bisina.&lt;ref name=&quot;FoxWeaver2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ọdịdị ala na sayensị mmiri ==
Ọdọ mmiri Bisina dị ihe dị ka kilomita iri na ise n'ebe ugwu nke obodo Kumi na ihe dị ka kilomita iri abụọ n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Soroti.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009birds&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last=Odull |first=Michael Opige |last2=Byaruhanga |first2=Achilles |title=Ecological Baseline Surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali Wetlands Systems |publisher=NatureUganda (The East Africa Natural History Society) |year=2009 |url=https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download |access-date=2025-12-18 |pages=44–45}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị ihe dị ka kilomita 192 ma dị ihe dị ka mita 1,050 n'elu ọkwa oké osimiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009site&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last=Odull |first=Michael Opige |last2=Byaruhanga |first2=Achilles |title=Ecological Baseline Surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali Wetlands Systems |publisher=NatureUganda (The East Africa Natural History Society) |year=2009 |url=https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download |access-date=2025-12-18 |page=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009birds&quot; /&gt; Apịtị papyrus na nnukwu idei mmiri nke jikọtara ya na Osimiri Apedura gbara ya gburugburu, nke na-asọpụ akụkụ nke Karamoja gaa n'usoro ọdọ mmiri ahụ.

Ọdọ mmiri ahụ dị omimi. N'ihe gbasara nnwale ubi n'etiti Febụwarị 2008 na Ọgọst 2009, omimi dị n'ebe a na-enyocha ihe dị iche iche sitere na 0.6 ruo 5.0 m, nkezi nke 2.89 m.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009birds&quot; /&gt;

== Ọnọdụ Ramsar na Mpaghara Nnụnụ Dị Mkpa ==
E hiwere Sistemụ Ala Mmiri nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina dị ka Ebe Ramsar na Septemba 15, 2006. Ebe a dị na Ramsar obosara ya ruru hekta 54,229 ma edepụtara ya maka mpaghara Kumi, Katakwi na Soroti.&lt;ref name=&quot;RamsarList2024&quot;&gt;{{cite report |title=The List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Sites) |publisher=Ramsar Convention Secretariat |date=2024-11-22 |url=https://medwet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/RamsarSitesList_22November2024.pdf |access-date=2025-12-18 |page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; A kọwakwara ọdọ mmiri Bisina na nnukwu ogige mmiri Bisina-Opeta dị ka ebe dị mkpa maka nnụnụ n'ọrụ nchekwa ebe ahụ na Uganda.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009intro&quot;&gt;{{cite report |last=Odull |first=Michael Opige |last2=Byaruhanga |first2=Achilles |title=Ecological Baseline Surveys of Lake Bisina, Lake Opeta, Lake Mburo and Nakivali Wetlands Systems |publisher=NatureUganda (The East Africa Natural History Society) |year=2009 |url=https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download |access-date=2025-12-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ndị mmadụ na ebe obibi ==
Obodo ndị gbara usoro Bisina-Opeta gburugburu na-adabere na akụrụngwa ala mmiri. Ojiji mpaghara e dekọrọ n'ọrụ mmalite gụnyere ịkụ azụ, ịgbara anụ ụlọ mmiri, na iweta ihe ndị e ji ala mmiri mee, tinyere ịgbasa ebe obibi na ịkọ ihe ubi n'ebe dị nso n'ala mmiri. Akụkọ mmalite na-ejikọkwa mmụba nke siltation na mbelata ọrụ nchekwa idei mmiri na nrụgide ala na mmiri ozuzo, gụnyere mmebi n'ime ọdọ mmiri dị n'elu mmiri na-enye usoro ahụ nri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NU2009intro&quot; /&gt;

== Leekwa ==

* [[Faịlụ:Lake_Bisinia_Swamp_with_Papyrus_along_Soroti_Mbale_Highway.jpg|alt=Lake Bisinia|thumb|Foto nke Ọdọ Mmiri Bisinia]]Kapir Atiira, obodo dị nso n'Ọdọ Mmiri Bisina
* Ọdọ Mmiri Kyoga
* [[Ọdọ Mmiri Opeta]]

== Njikọ mpụga ==

* NatureUganda (2009) baseline report (PDF): https://nru.uncst.go.ug/bitstreams/ee4e416b-eb8d-4ae3-bf41-981de1adeae7/download

* Ramsar Sites List (22 November 2024) (PDF): https://medwet.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/RamsarSitesList_22November2024.pdf

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>mgciq74z1w2lismftpawwn7os6t5kq8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ubi Mmiri nke Uitkamp</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-23T19:20:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Adimora chidinma</username>
        <id>15845</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>689589</origin>
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      <text bytes="8692" sha1="t0bq00fm2so70fc80ilqoaif59tfgte" xml:space="preserve">[[Faịlụ:Uitkamp wetlands Cape Town - Watsonias and Arum lilies.jpg|thumb|Uitkamp wetlands Cape Town]]
 

Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve bụ ebe nchekwa mmiri dị hekta 32 (79-acre) nke dị na Durbanville na mpaghara Western Cape nke South Africa . &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Pages/BrochuresBooklets.aspx|title=Environmental resources and downloads. City of Cape Town. Environmental Resource Management Dept|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223125053/http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Pages/Brochuresbooklets.aspx|archivedate=2012-12-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ụdị dị iche iche ==
Ogige ahụ nwere mpaghara ise kewara ekewa site na okporo ụzọ. Ọ na-echebe ihe karịrị ụdị osisi 279, nke 30 n'ime ha nọ n'ihe ize ndụ &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; na ọtụtụ dị ụkọ. watsonia na arum lily na-acha pinki pinki na-ekpuchi ala mmiri n'oge opupu ihe ubi, tinyere restios, orchid, sundews na okooko osisi ndị ọzọ mara mma.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.calflora.net/southafrica/capeflora.html|title=Flora of the Western Cape}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nnukwu ihe iyi egwu na [[Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetland|Ala mmiri]] ahụ sitere na osisi ndị ọzọ na-awakpo Port Jackson (''Acacia saligna'') na Ahịhịa Kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum); &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=City of Cape Town Nature Reserves. Free Booklet|url=http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Documents/CCT_Nature_Reserves_book_2010-02.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101122115114/http://www.capetown.gov.za/en/EnvironmentalResourceManagement/publications/Documents/CCT_Nature_Reserves_book_2010-02.pdf|archivedate=2010-11-22}}&lt;/ref&gt; E dekọrọ ụdị osisi 15 na-awụpo. &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Ahịhịa ===
Ụdị osisi ndị kachasị n'ime mmiri bụ Typha capensis (nke bụ onye na-awakpo na gburugburu ebe obibi a) na Juncus effusus .&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archivedate=2023-10-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf &quot;Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;gallery&gt;
Faịlụ:Geissorhiza_radians_flower_Swartland_Shale_Renosterveld_-_Uitkamp_Cape_Town.jpg|''Geissorhiza radians'' flower growing in Swartland Shale Renosterveld at Uitkamp reserve. 
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Anụ na-enye nwa ara ===
Anụmanụ ndị a na-ahụ n'ime ogige ahụ na-adịkarị obere ma na-eme n'abalị. Bucks a chọtara bụ Common duiker, Steenbok na Cape grysbok. Nnukwu Mongoose na-acha ntụ ntụ bụ anụ na-eri ibe ya n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ. A na-eche na Caracal na Cape fox na-eleta mgbe ụfọdụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archivedate=2023-10-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf &quot;Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt; Ụmụ anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-enye nwa ara gụnyere:

* Nkịta ọhịa nwere ntị bat
* Mongoos na-acha ntụ ntụ
* Mongoose na-acha odo odo
* Mongoliano
* Ezì ọhịa Cape
* Anụ ọhịa nwere eriri
* Anụ ọhịa African pygmy
* Shrew ọhịa

=== Nnụnụ ===
E nwere ụdị nnụnụ 67 a hụrụ n'ime ebe nchekwa ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archivedate=2023-10-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf &quot;Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Anụ ndị na-akpụ akpụ ===
E nwere ụdị anụ na-akpụ akpụ iri na atọ dị n'ime ebe a na-echekwa anụ; ngwere anọ, agwọ isii, na mbe atọ. Ụdị ngwere kachasị ewu ewu bụ gecko Ocellated. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụdị agwọ bụ: &lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archivedate=2023-10-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf &quot;Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

* Onye na-eri slug
* Agwọ na-agba agba
* Agwọ na-acha ọbara ọbara / Herald

Igurube gụnyere Marsh terrapin na Parrot-beaked tortoise.

=== Anụ ndị bi n'ala na n'ala ===
A chọtawo otu ụdị anụmanụ na-ebi n'ala na n'ebe nchekwa ahụ, ụgbụgbọ mmiri Clicking.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archivedate=2023-10-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf &quot;Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Anụmanụ ndị nwere azụ ===
A na-ahụ nwanyị di ya nwụrụ n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke Cape ebe a.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan|url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf|archivedate=2023-10-03}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation web cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot;&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20231003030121/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/City%20strategies,%20plans%20and%20frameworks/Uitkamp_IRMP_Jun2011v02_Final.pdf &quot;Uitkamp Wetland Nature Reserve - Integrated Reserve Management Plan&quot;] &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;(PDF)&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;

== Hụkwa ==

* Ụdị dị iche iche nke Cape Town
* Ndepụta nke ebe nchekwa okike na Cape Town
* Swartland Shale Renosterveld
* [[Cape Lowland Freshwater Wetland]]
* Ogige Nchekwa Ihe Ochie nke Durbanville

== Edensibịa ==
{{Reflist}}
[[Otú:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>t0bq00fm2so70fc80ilqoaif59tfgte</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osimiri Athi-Galana-Sabaki</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-07-23T20:29:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Vivian Amalachukwu</username>
        <id>17172</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Fixed reference error</comment>
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      <text bytes="5265" sha1="m0ul813lk8p2xqqzdtb7m8v3e1n82s4" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Kenya}}
[[File:Tsavo national park map en.png|thumb|Usoro osimiri Athi-Galana-Sabaki.]]
Osimiri '''Athi-Galana-Sabaki''' bụ osimiri nke abụọ kachasị ogologo na [[Kenya]] (mgbe [[Osimiri Tana (Kenya)|Osimiri Tana]] gasịrị).  O nwere ogologo ya niile nke {{convert|390|km}} ma na-awụpụ mmiri nke {{convert|58,639|km2}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Osimiri ahụ na-arịgo n'ime ọhịa Gatamaiyo dị ka '''Osimiri Athi''' ma banye na [[Oké Osimiri India]] dị ka '''Osimiri Galana''' (a makwaara dị ka '''Osimiri Sabaki''').

== Mmiri na-asọ asọ ==
Osimiri Athi na-agafe ala dị larịị Kapote na Athi, site n'obodo [[Osimiri Athi (obodo)|Osimiri Athi]], wee gaa n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ ebe [[Nairobi River]] zutere ya. N'akụkụ [[Thika]], osimiri ahụ na-emepụta Mmiri Iri na Anọ ma na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ n'okpuru ugwu ọhịa nke ugwu Yatta, nke na-emechi n'ime ọdọ mmiri ya n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. E wezụga ọtụtụ obere ihe ndị na-eri nri n'osimiri elu, naanị [[tributary]] ọzọ bụ [[Osimiri Tsavo]], site n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke [[Kilimanjaro]], nke na-abanye na ihe dị ka 3° S. Ọ na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, a makwaara ya n'akụkụ ala ya dị ka Osimiri Sabaki (ma ọ bụ Galana), nke na-agafe [[enweghị ike ịmụ nwa | enweghị ike ịmị mkpụrụ]] [[quartz]]-ala nke ala dị n'èzí [[ala]]. Ndagwurugwu ahụ dị ala ma dị larịị, e ji oke ọhịa na ahịhịa kpuchie ya, nwere obere ọdọ mmiri na mmiri ndị dị n'azụ nke jikọtara na osimiri n'oge mmiri ozuzo. N'oge mmiri ozuzo, osimiri ahụ na-arị elu ruo {{convert|10|m}} n'ebe dị iche iche, ugbu a ọ na-asọ nke ọma na agba odo gbara ọchịchịrị, usoro mmiri ọsọ ọsọ na-egbochi njem ụgbọ mmiri, na Lugard drops. Ọ na-asọga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọ na-abanye n'Oké Osimiri India {{convert|10|km}} n'ebe ugwu nke [[Malindi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{EB1911 |wstitle=Sabaki |volume=23 |page=958 |inline=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:GalanaRiverKenya.jpg|Onyonyo nke Osimiri Galana na [[Kenya]]
File:Fourteen falls Thika,Kenya.JPG|Mmiri Iri na Anọ dị nso [[Thika]]
File:Flickr - don macauley - A drongo at Sabaki River.jpg|[[drongo]] na Osimiri Sabaka
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Anụ ọhịa ==
Osimiri ahụ na-agafe n'ime [[Tsavo East National Park]] ma nwee ọtụtụ azụ̀ dị iche iche, yana [[hippopotamus]], [[agụ iyi]], na nnụnụ dịka [[Ugo Azụ̀ Afrịka |Ugo Azụ̀ Afrịka]]. Ọtụtụ ndị Kenya na-adabere n'osimiri ahụ maka mmiri ọṅụṅụ na ịgba mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=nick |date=2023-10-27 |title=Where two rivers meet: battling pollution in the Athi River |url=https://tsavotrust.org/where-two-rivers-meet-battling-pollution-in-the-athi-river/ |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=Tsavo Trust |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Mmepe ==

=== Thwake Dam ===
'''Dam Thwake''' ma ọ bụ '''Mmepe Dam Thwake Multi-purpose,''' bụ ebe a na-ewu mmiri mgbochi mmiri n'elu [[Osimiri Athi-Galana-Sabaki|Osimiri Athi]] dị na Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Otieno|first=Jullias|title=Uhuru: Thwake Dam construction will be complete by June next year|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-07-09-uhuru-thwake-dam-construction-will-be-complete-by-june-next-year/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=The Star|language=en-KE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-13|title=Thwake Multi-purpose Dam project timeline and all you need to know|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/biggest-projects/thwake-multi-purpose-dam-project-timeline-and-all-you-need-to-know/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Construction Review Online|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere ka ọdọ mmiri a bụrụ [[mmiri ọtụtụ ihe]] nke na-enye mmiri ọṅụṅụ, mmiri ịgba mmiri n'ugbo, ike mmiri, na akụrụngwa mmiri ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ebe nchekwa mmiri dị kubik mita nde 688, a na-emekwa ya maka ụlọ ndị dị n'ime ime obodo, [[Konza, Kenya|Konza]] na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ [[Shilling Kenya|KSh.]] ijeri 37, ka e ji arụ ọrụ ahụ, ọ bụkwa [[China Gezhouba Group Company]] ka rụrụ ọrụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Koech|first=Gilbert|date=25 October 2020|title=Nema shifts focus to Athi after Nairobi River cleaned up|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nairobi/2020-10-25-nema-shifts-focus-to-athi-after-nairobi-river-cleaned-up/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=The Star|language=en-KE}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Development Fund]] nwetara ego ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kenya - Thwake Multi-purpose Water Development Programme – Phase I|url=https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-KE-E00-008|access-date=2021-07-27|website=projectsportal.afdb.org|accessdate=2026-07-08|archivedate=2023-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816192006/https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-KE-E00-008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons}}
*[https://www.google.com.au/maps/@-3.1675064,40.0870486,12z Google Maps, Galana River]

{{coord|3|10|S|40|09|E|region:KE_type:river_source:dewiki|display=title}}</text>
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      <text bytes="5005" sha1="e0ist8z54catybtgm09d7vp3k6w0skm" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|River in Kenya}}
[[File:Tsavo national park map en.png|thumb|Usoro osimiri Athi-Galana-Sabaki.]]
Osimiri '''Athi-Galana-Sabaki''' bụ osimiri nke abụọ kachasị ogologo na [[Kenya]] (mgbe [[Osimiri Tana (Kenya)|Osimiri Tana]] gasịrị).  O nwere ogologo ya niile nke {{convert|390|km}} ma na-awụpụ mmiri nke {{convert|58,639|km2}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Osimiri ahụ na-arịgo n'ime ọhịa Gatamaiyo dị ka '''Osimiri Athi''' ma banye na [[Oké Osimiri India]] dị ka '''Osimiri Galana''' (a makwaara dị ka '''Osimiri Sabaki''').

== Mmiri na-asọ asọ ==
Osimiri Athi na-agafe ala dị larịị Kapote na Athi, site n'obodo [[Osimiri Athi (obodo)|Osimiri Athi]], wee gaa n'akụkụ ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ ebe [[Nairobi River]] zutere ya. N'akụkụ [[Thika]], osimiri ahụ na-emepụta Mmiri Iri na Anọ ma na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ n'okpuru ugwu ọhịa nke ugwu Yatta, nke na-emechi n'ime ọdọ mmiri ya n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ. E wezụga ọtụtụ obere ihe ndị na-eri nri n'osimiri elu, naanị [[tributary]] ọzọ bụ [[Osimiri Tsavo]], site n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ nke [[Kilimanjaro]], nke na-abanye na ihe dị ka 3° S. Ọ na-atụgharị gaa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, a makwaara ya n'akụkụ ala ya dị ka Osimiri Sabaki (ma ọ bụ Galana), nke na-agafe [[enweghị ike ịmụ nwa | enweghị ike ịmị mkpụrụ]] [[quartz]]-ala nke ala dị n'èzí [[ala]]. Ndagwurugwu ahụ dị ala ma dị larịị, e ji oke ọhịa na ahịhịa kpuchie ya, nwere obere ọdọ mmiri na mmiri ndị dị n'azụ nke jikọtara na osimiri n'oge mmiri ozuzo. N'oge mmiri ozuzo, osimiri ahụ na-arị elu ruo {{convert|10|m}} n'ebe dị iche iche, ugbu a ọ na-asọ nke ọma na agba odo gbara ọchịchịrị, usoro mmiri ọsọ ọsọ na-egbochi njem ụgbọ mmiri, na Lugard drops. Ọ na-asọga n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ, ọ na-abanye n'Oké Osimiri India {{convert|10|km}} n'ebe ugwu nke [[Malindi]].&lt;ref&gt;{{EB1911 |wstitle=Sabaki |volume=23 |page=958 |inline=y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery&gt;
File:GalanaRiverKenya.jpg|Onyonyo nke Osimiri Galana na [[Kenya]]
File:Fourteen falls Thika,Kenya.JPG|Mmiri Iri na Anọ dị nso [[Thika]]
File:Flickr - don macauley - A drongo at Sabaki River.jpg|[[drongo]] na Osimiri Sabaka
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Anụ ọhịa ==
Osimiri ahụ na-agafe n'ime [[Tsavo East National Park]] ma nwee ọtụtụ azụ̀ dị iche iche, yana [[hippopotamus]], [[agụ iyi]], na nnụnụ dịka [[Ugo Azụ̀ Afrịka |Ugo Azụ̀ Afrịka]]. Ọtụtụ ndị Kenya na-adabere n'osimiri ahụ maka mmiri ọṅụṅụ na ịgba mmiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== Mmepe ==

=== Thwake Dam ===
'''Dam Thwake''' ma ọ bụ '''Mmepe Dam Thwake Multi-purpose,''' bụ ebe a na-ewu mmiri mgbochi mmiri n'elu [[Osimiri Athi-Galana-Sabaki|Osimiri Athi]] dị na Kenya.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Otieno|first=Jullias|title=Uhuru: Thwake Dam construction will be complete by June next year|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2021-07-09-uhuru-thwake-dam-construction-will-be-complete-by-june-next-year/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=The Star|language=en-KE}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-07-13|title=Thwake Multi-purpose Dam project timeline and all you need to know|url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/biggest-projects/thwake-multi-purpose-dam-project-timeline-and-all-you-need-to-know/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=Construction Review Online|language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt; E mere ka ọdọ mmiri a bụrụ [[mmiri ọtụtụ ihe]] nke na-enye mmiri ọṅụṅụ, mmiri ịgba mmiri n'ugbo, ike mmiri, na akụrụngwa mmiri ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Ebe nchekwa mmiri dị kubik mita nde 688, a na-emekwa ya maka ụlọ ndị dị n'ime ime obodo, [[Konza, Kenya|Konza]] na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Ọ bụ [[Shilling Kenya|KSh.]] ijeri 37, ka e ji arụ ọrụ ahụ, ọ bụkwa [[China Gezhouba Group Company]] ka rụrụ ọrụ ahụ.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Koech|first=Gilbert|date=25 October 2020|title=Nema shifts focus to Athi after Nairobi River cleaned up|url=https://www.the-star.co.ke/counties/nairobi/2020-10-25-nema-shifts-focus-to-athi-after-nairobi-river-cleaned-up/|access-date=2021-07-27|website=The Star|language=en-KE}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[African Development Fund]] nwetara ego ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Kenya - Thwake Multi-purpose Water Development Programme – Phase I|url=https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-KE-E00-008|access-date=2021-07-27|website=projectsportal.afdb.org|accessdate=2026-07-08|archivedate=2023-08-16|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230816192006/https://projectsportal.afdb.org/dataportal/VProject/show/P-KE-E00-008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Edensibia ==
{{Reflist}}

== Njikọ mpụga ==
{{Commons}}
*[https://www.google.com.au/maps/@-3.1675064,40.0870486,12z Google Maps, Galana River]

{{coord|3|10|S|40|09|E|region:KE_type:river_source:dewiki|display=title}}</text>
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    <title>Jago Eliot</title>
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      <text bytes="6444" sha1="7kk17rvs7qt4n33siu0okl8ty1xwccg" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Onye ọrụ nka Bekee (1966–2006)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2026}}
{{Infobox person
| name            = Jago Nicholas Aldo Eliot
| other_names     =
| image           = 
| caption         = 
| birth_name      = 
| birth_date      = {{birth date|1966|03|24|df=y}}
| birth_place     = [[Plymouth]], Devon, England
| death_date      = {{death date and age|2006|04|15|1966|03|24|df=y}}
| death_place     = Molenick, [[Cornwall]], England
| death_cause     = 
| known_for       = 
| occupation      = 
| title           = [[Lord Eliot]]
| term            = 
| predecessor     = 
| successor       = 
| political_party = 
| boards          = 
| spouse          = Bianca Ciambriello
| partner         = 
| children        = Albert Eliot&lt;br /&gt;Ruby Eliot&lt;br /&gt;Violet Eliot
| relatives       = ''Brothers:''&lt;br /&gt;[[Louis Eliot]]&lt;br /&gt;[[Francis Michael Eliot]]
| website         = 
| footnotes       = 
| employer        = 
| height          =  
}}

'''Jago Nicholas Aldo Eliot, Lord Eliot''' (Machị 24, 1966&lt;ref&gt;GRO Register of Births: JUN 1964 7A 849 PLYMOUTH – Jago Nicholas Eliot, mmn = Lampson&lt;/ref&gt; – Eprel 15, 2006) bụ nwa nwoke nke [[Peregrine Eliot, Earl nke iri nke St Germans]], na [[Lady Jacquetta Eliot, Countess nke St Germans|Jacquetta Eliot, Countess nke St Germans (née Lampson)]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1516353/Lord-Eliot.html|title=Lord Eliot|last=|first=|date=22 April 2006|website=|access-date=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Akụkọ Ndụ==
Na 1988, mgbe nna nna ya nwụrụ, a kpọrọ ya [[Baron Eliot|Onyenwe Eliot]]. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ na [[Ụlọ Akwụkwọ Millfield]].&lt;ref name=GOB /&gt;

Eliot bụ onye mbụ ya na [[Eddie Izzard]] rụkọrọ ọrụ na Covent Garden dịka onye na-eme njem, o wee kwaga Brighton na ngwụcha afọ 1980 ebe ọ kwalitere ọtụtụ abalị na klọb ZAP, gụnyere Fundamental&lt;ref&gt;[http://archive.theargus.co.uk/2006/4/19/209941.html Tributes to the lord of all ravers&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226235624/http://archive.theargus.co.uk/2006/4/19/209941.html |date=26 February 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; na Pow Wow. Ọ laghachiri na Cornwall n'etiti afọ 1990 wee hiwe [[Ememme Port Eliot|Mmemme Akwụkwọ Port Eliot]], mmemme kwa afọ nke a na-eme n'ogige ụlọ ahụ.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web
|url=http://www.londonart.co.uk/editorial/article.aspx?c=2&amp;articleid=1774
|title=Londonart.co.uk Magazine
|publisher=www.londonart.co.uk
|accessdate=15 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Eliot rụrụ ọrụ na ọrụ dijitalụ na ihe okike, ma ọ bụ na Arts Council ma ọ bụ Port Eliot Literary Festival, na ọrụ London Arts. Obere oge tupu ọnwụ ya, Eliot nwetara onyinye Artist Fellowship na Creative Technology site n'aka Hewlett-Packard, ọ nọkwa na-enyocha ihe ọkpụkpụ a na-anaghị ahụ anya na ụda 3D.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://x2.i-dat.org/~je/2005/audio/jago1.mp3 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2 November 2007 |archive-date=19 January 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119135517/http://x2.i-dat.org/~je/2005/audio/jago1.mp3 |url-status=dead |accessdate=14 July 2026 |archivedate=19 January 2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070119135517/http://x2.i-dat.org/~je/2005/audio/jago1.mp3 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ọ malitekwara imepụta atụmatụ iji hụ na Port Eliot ga-anọgide na-abụ ụlọ nyocha omenala na-akpali akpali, iwuli elu n'akụkọ ifo nke [[Elephant Fayre]] ma nyere aka ịkọwa ụkpụrụ nke Mmemme Akwụkwọ Port Eliot,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/jul/29/featuresreviews.guardianreview13 | location=London | work=The Guardian | title=Diary: Jul 29 | date=29 July 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; site na mkparịta ụka ya na ndị enyi dịka [[Tom Hodgkinson]] nke magazin [[The Idler (1993)|the Idler]]. Mmasị o nwere maka nka mere ka o sonyekwa na A Foundation,&lt;ref&gt;[https://web.archive.org/web/20071103151342/http://www.afoundation.org.uk/afoundation/index.php A Foundation | About&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071103151342/http://www.afoundation.org.uk/afoundation/index.php |date=3 November 2007 }}&lt;/ref&gt; site na ọrụ Literati ya na [https://i-dat.org/i-DAT] ya na A Conversation na Port Eliot na 2006. Nke a bụ nke mbụ n'usoro atụpụtara maka echiche ndị na-apụta ìhè na nka, sayensị na teknụzụ nke Jago Eliot haziri na [https://i-dat.org/ Ụlọ Ọrụ Nkà na Teknụzụ Dijitalụ] na [[Mahadum Plymouth]]. Isiokwu maka ogbako a bụ 'nkà na enweghị ezi uche' na 'ebe ihe na-adịghị mkpa'.

==Alụmdi na nwunye na ụmụaka==
Eliot lụrụ onye bụbu onye nlereanya Bianca Ciambriello. Di na nwunye ahụ lụrụ &quot;di na nwunye&quot; mbụ n'ogige &quot;Lost Vagueness&quot; na Mmemme Glastonbury&lt;ref name=GOB /&gt; tupu emume a ga-eme n'ụzọ dị mfe karịa na [[Port Eliot]], ebe obibi nke [[Earl nke St Germans|Eliot ezinụlọ]]. Agbamakwụkwọ ọzọ a pụtara na fim Julian Temple nke afọ 2006 bụ Glastonbury.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.glastonburythemovie.com/ Glastonbury The Movie&lt;!-- Bot generated title --&gt;]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;GRO Register of Marriages: SEP 2002 368 1080 C17 ST GERMANS – Eliot = Ciambriello&lt;/ref&gt; Ha mụrụ otu nwoke na otu ejima ụmụ nwanyị.

==Ọnwụ==
Eliot nwụrụ n'abalị iri na ise nke ọnwa Eprel afọ 2006.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1516011/Peers-surfing-son-who-lived-life-to-the-full-is-found-dead-in-bath-by-his-wife.html | location=London | work=The Telegraph| title=Peer's surfing son who 'lived life to the full' is found dead in bath by his wife | date=18 April 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; O kpebisiri ike na ọ ga-anwụ site na [[ọrịa epilepsy]],&lt;ref name=GOB&gt;{{cite news
|url=https://www.theguardian.com/news/2006/may/01/guardianobituaries.mainsection
|title=Obituary: Jago Eliot
|work=The Guardian
|accessdate=15 December 2011
|last=Williams|first=Heathcote
|location=London
|date=1 May 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; nke bidoro ya na 2004.

==Ntụaka==
{{Reflist}}

==Njikọ mpụga==
*[http://www.westernmorningnews.co.uk/displayNode.jsp?nodeId=141507&amp;command=displayContent&amp;sourceNode=201813&amp;home=yes&amp;more_nodeId1=201752&amp;contentPK=14348031 Obituary in the] [[Western Morning News]]
* [http://www.afoolisharrangement.com/Cure/interview.asp?InterviewID=252 Review of the Elephant Fayre, 1983]

{{Authority control}}

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  <page>
    <title>Jaromír, Duke nke Bohemia</title>
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      <comment>Ekere na itugharị ihụakwụkwọ nke a &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1359169302|Jaromír, Duke of Bohemia]]&quot;</comment>
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'''Jaromír''' (nwụrụ na 4 Nọvemba afo 1038), onye so n'ezinụlọ nke Přemyslid, bụ Duke nke Bohemia n'afo 1003, site n'afo 1004 ruo n'afo 1012, makwa ọzọ site n'afo 1034 ruo n'afo 1035.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Duke Boleslaus nke Abụọ (d. 999). Nne ya nwe kwara ike ịbụ otu n'ime ndị nwunye abụọ nna ya: ndị bụ Adiva ma ọ bụ Emma nke Mělník. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'afọ 1002, Jaromír nupụụrụ ọchịchị nke nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye bụ [[Boleslaus nke Atọ, Duke nke Bohemia|Boleslaus nke Atọ]] onye isi, onye mere ka a chụpụ ya  ma chụpụ nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke onye bụ Oldřich n'ụlọ ikpe Bavarian nke di na Regensburg. Ka o sina dị, Boleslaus enweghị ike inweta ocheeze Prague, ebe ndị na-akpa ike ndi Bohemian chụpụrụ ya na nwa nwanne nna ya Piast Vladivoj weghaara ọchịchị ya, nke onye Poland Duke Bolesław I the Brave kwadoro. Vladivoj nwetakwara nkwado nke Eze Henry nke Abụọ nke Germany ógbè ọ natara Duchy nke Bohemia dị ka alaeze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jordan1844&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jan Petr Jordan|title=Boehmen: Geschichte des Landes und seines Volkes : Mit Stahlstichen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UtQAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA222|year=1844|pages=210–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle of the Czechs, 105-108&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Chronicle of the Czechs|author=Cosmas of Prague|authorlink=Cosmas of Prague|pages=105–108|publisher=CUA Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8132-1570-9|ref={{harvid|Cosmas, Chronicle}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7igBN41oUC&amp;pg=PA105}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AC09723364]1712&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=[Anonymus AC09723364]|title=Das jetzt-lebende Königreich Boehmen, in einer historisch- und geographischen Beschreibung vorgestellet, ... nebst einer kurtzen Lebens-Beschreibung aller Böhmischen Herzoge und Könige, biß auf ... Carolum VI.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnpUAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA14|year=1712|publisher=Johann Zieger|pages=14–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọchịchị ==
Mgbe Vladivoj nwụrụ n'afọ sochirinụ, Jaromír na Oldřich laghachiri Bohemia, ndị isi Bohemian kpọkwara Jaromír ka ọ bụrụ duke. Ndị agha Bolesław nke Poland weghaara ala Bohemian, ha weghachitere Boleslaus nke Atọ dị ka duke. Otú ọ dị, mgbe o nyere iwu ka e gbuo ndị otu Vršovci nke na-asọ mpi, ọ tụfuru nkwado nke onye ọchịchị Poland ma mechaa napụ ya ikike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Jaromír achọọla nkwado ndị agha n'aka Eze Henry nke Abụọ. Na  Merseburg, o kwere nkwa ijide Bohemia dị ka onye nọ n'okpuru eze. Ihe a mere ka Bohemia nọrọ n'okpuru ikike nke  Holy Roman Empire.

N'afọ 1004, Jaromír na ndị agha Germany weghaara Prague ma kpọsaa onwe ya onye eze nke Bohemian. Ka o sina dị, na steeti ọ nwetaghachiri bụ obere, ebe ndị agha Poland ka na-ejide Moravia, Silesia, na Lusatia. Ọchịchị Jaromír - dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọchịchị Czech ndị ọzọ - bụ ọgụ iji nwetaghachi ala furu efu. Ọ nọgidere na-akwado Eze Henry n'agha German-Polish. Ka o sina dị, eze nke ndi mba Germany emeghị ihe ọ bụla mgbe, n'afo 1012, Oldřich (onye kpuru ya ìsì ) wepụrụ Jaromír n'ocheeze ma manye ya ọzọ ịga mba ọzọ.[5] N'ime mkpọsa a na-atụghị anya ya, Jaromír jisiri ike wepụ Oldřich site na nkwado nke bu Emperor Conrad nke Abụọ n'afo 1033, mana na ọchịchị ya nke abụọ adịteghị aka. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, nwa ya nwoke Bretislaus I weghachiri Oldřich.&lt;ref name=&quot;feld&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Feldzüge Heinrichs II. gegen den Polenherzog Boleslaw Chrobry|url=http://www.hdbg.eu/karten/karten_detail_13.php|publisher=Landesausstellung 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194727/http://www.hdbg.eu/karten/karten_detail_13.php|accessdate=May 17, 2020|archivedate=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tụrụ Jaromír mkpọrọ na Lysá nad Labem ma nwụọ na mbochi 4 Nọvemba n'afo 1035 ma ọ bụ kwa n'afo 1038, otu afọ mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nwụsịrị.[i] Otu n'ime ndị ezinụlọ Vršovci gburu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle of the Czechs, 105-108&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Chronicle of the Czechs|author=Cosmas of Prague|authorlink=Cosmas of Prague|pages=105–108|publisher=CUA Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8132-1570-9|ref={{harvid|Cosmas, Chronicle}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7igBN41oUC&amp;pg=PA105}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCosmas,_Chronicle&quot;&gt;[[Cosmas of Prague]] (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7igBN41oUC&amp;pg=PA105 ''The Chronicle of the Czechs'']. Translated by Lisa Wolverton. CUA Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;105–&lt;/span&gt;108. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1570-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-8132-1570-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Libocan1780&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Waclaw Hajek z Libocan|title=Neue Kronik von Boehmen. Vom Jahre 530 bis 1780. Nebst einer geographischen Beschreibung, aller Staedte, Maerkte, Schloesser und anderer merkwuerdigen Orte|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LJhAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA24|year=1780|publisher=v. Schönfeld|pages=24–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Chronica Boemorum si kwuo, &quot;Kochan zigara onye na-egbu ya, mgbe nwoke ahụ kpuru ìsì nọ ọdụ n'ụlọ mposi n'abalị, na-agbanye afọ ya, o ji ube dị nkọ si n'azụ ruo n'afọ&quot;.

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'''[[W:ig:Jaromír| Jaromír]]''' (nwụrụ na 4 Nọvemba afo 1038), onye so n'ezinụlọ nke Přemyslid, bụ Duke nke Bohemia n'afo 1003, site n'afo 1004 ruo n'afo 1012, makwa ọzọ site n'afo 1034 ruo n'afo 1035.

== Oge ọ malitere ==
Ọ bụ nwa nwoke nke abụọ nke Duke Boleslaus nke Abụọ (d. 999). Nne ya nwe kwara ike ịbụ otu n'ime ndị nwunye abụọ nna ya: ndị bụ Adiva ma ọ bụ Emma nke Mělník. [Ihe e dere n'ala ala peeji] &lt;sup class=&quot;noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x5B;''[[wikipedia:Tinye edensibịa|&lt;span title=&quot;This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2025)&quot;&gt;citation needed&lt;/span&gt;]]''&amp;#x5D;&lt;/sup&gt;

N'afọ 1002, Jaromír nupụụrụ ọchịchị nke nwanne ya nwoke nke okenye bụ [[Boleslaus nke Atọ, Duke nke Bohemia|Boleslaus nke Atọ]] onye isi, onye mere ka a chụpụ ya  ma chụpụ nne ya na nwanne ya nwoke onye bụ Oldřich n'ụlọ ikpe Bavarian nke di na Regensburg. Ka o sina dị, Boleslaus enweghị ike inweta ocheeze Prague, ebe ndị na-akpa ike ndi Bohemian chụpụrụ ya na nwa nwanne nna ya Piast Vladivoj weghaara ọchịchị ya, nke onye Poland Duke Bolesław I the Brave kwadoro. Vladivoj nwetakwara nkwado nke Eze Henry nke Abụọ nke Germany ógbè ọ natara Duchy nke Bohemia dị ka alaeze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jordan1844&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Jan Petr Jordan|title=Boehmen: Geschichte des Landes und seines Volkes : Mit Stahlstichen|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3UtQAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA222|year=1844|pages=210–}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle of the Czechs, 105-108&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Chronicle of the Czechs|author=Cosmas of Prague|authorlink=Cosmas of Prague|pages=105–108|publisher=CUA Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8132-1570-9|ref={{harvid|Cosmas, Chronicle}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7igBN41oUC&amp;pg=PA105}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AC09723364]1712&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=[Anonymus AC09723364]|title=Das jetzt-lebende Königreich Boehmen, in einer historisch- und geographischen Beschreibung vorgestellet, ... nebst einer kurtzen Lebens-Beschreibung aller Böhmischen Herzoge und Könige, biß auf ... Carolum VI.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FnpUAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA14|year=1712|publisher=Johann Zieger|pages=14–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ọchịchị ==
Mgbe Vladivoj nwụrụ n'afọ sochirinụ, Jaromír na Oldřich laghachiri Bohemia, ndị isi Bohemian kpọkwara Jaromír ka ọ bụrụ duke. Ndị agha Bolesław nke Poland weghaara ala Bohemian, ha weghachitere Boleslaus nke Atọ dị ka duke. Otú ọ dị, mgbe o nyere iwu ka e gbuo ndị otu Vršovci nke na-asọ mpi, ọ tụfuru nkwado nke onye ọchịchị Poland ma mechaa napụ ya ikike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Jaromír achọọla nkwado ndị agha n'aka Eze Henry nke Abụọ. Na  Merseburg, o kwere nkwa ijide Bohemia dị ka onye nọ n'okpuru eze. Ihe a mere ka Bohemia nọrọ n'okpuru ikike nke  Holy Roman Empire.

N'afọ 1004, Jaromír na ndị agha Germany weghaara Prague ma kpọsaa onwe ya onye eze nke Bohemian. Ka o sina dị, na steeti ọ nwetaghachiri bụ obere, ebe ndị agha Poland ka na-ejide Moravia, Silesia, na Lusatia. Ọchịchị Jaromír - dị ka ọtụtụ n'ime ndị ọchịchị Czech ndị ọzọ - bụ ọgụ iji nwetaghachi ala furu efu. Ọ nọgidere na-akwado Eze Henry n'agha German-Polish. Ka o sina dị, eze nke ndi mba Germany emeghị ihe ọ bụla mgbe, n'afo 1012, Oldřich (onye kpuru ya ìsì ) wepụrụ Jaromír n'ocheeze ma manye ya ọzọ ịga mba ọzọ.[5] N'ime mkpọsa a na-atụghị anya ya, Jaromír jisiri ike wepụ Oldřich site na nkwado nke bu Emperor Conrad nke Abụọ n'afo 1033, mana na ọchịchị ya nke abụọ adịteghị aka. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, nwa ya nwoke Bretislaus I weghachiri Oldřich.&lt;ref name=&quot;feld&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Feldzüge Heinrichs II. gegen den Polenherzog Boleslaw Chrobry|url=http://www.hdbg.eu/karten/karten_detail_13.php|publisher=Landesausstellung 2002|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303194727/http://www.hdbg.eu/karten/karten_detail_13.php|accessdate=May 17, 2020|archivedate=2016-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;

A tụrụ Jaromír mkpọrọ na Lysá nad Labem ma nwụọ na mbochi 4 Nọvemba n'afo 1035 ma ọ bụ kwa n'afo 1038, otu afọ mgbe nwanne ya nwoke nwụsịrị.[i] Otu n'ime ndị ezinụlọ Vršovci gburu ya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Chronicle of the Czechs, 105-108&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Chronicle of the Czechs|author=Cosmas of Prague|authorlink=Cosmas of Prague|pages=105–108|publisher=CUA Press|year=2009|isbn=978-0-8132-1570-9|ref={{harvid|Cosmas, Chronicle}}|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7igBN41oUC&amp;pg=PA105}}&lt;cite class=&quot;citation book cs1&quot; data-ve-ignore=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;CITEREFCosmas,_Chronicle&quot;&gt;[[Cosmas of Prague]] (2009). [https://books.google.com/books?id=ZG7igBN41oUC&amp;pg=PA105 ''The Chronicle of the Czechs'']. Translated by Lisa Wolverton. CUA Press. pp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;105–&lt;/span&gt;108. [[ISBN]]&amp;nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8132-1570-9|&lt;bdi&gt;978-0-8132-1570-9&lt;/bdi&gt;]].&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Libocan1780&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|author=Waclaw Hajek z Libocan|title=Neue Kronik von Boehmen. Vom Jahre 530 bis 1780. Nebst einer geographischen Beschreibung, aller Staedte, Maerkte, Schloesser und anderer merkwuerdigen Orte|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8LJhAAAAcAAJ&amp;pg=PA24|year=1780|publisher=v. Schönfeld|pages=24–}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dị ka Chronica Boemorum si kwuo, &quot;Kochan zigara onye na-egbu ya, mgbe nwoke ahụ kpuru ìsì nọ ọdụ n'ụlọ mposi n'abalị, na-agbanye afọ ya, o ji ube dị nkọ si n'azụ ruo n'afọ&quot;.

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